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# Wéris
**Wéris** (*Werisse*) is a village of Wallonia and district of the municipality of Durbuy, located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium.
The village of Oppagne is part of Wéris. Till 1977 Wéris was a municipality.
The village is a member of the organisation *Les Plus Beaux Villages de Wallonie*.
## Wéris megaliths {#wéris_megaliths}
It is well known for its megaliths, including dolmens and menhirs. There is a \"Museum of Megaliths\" in the centre of the village. There is a three-mile alignment of standing stones and chambered tombs that include the Dolmen de Wéris and the Dolmen d\'Oppagne, as well as the Menhir Danthine, the three Menhirs d\'Oppagne, and the Menhirs of Morville, Tour and Ozo. Other famous stones in the area include La Pierre Haina, the Lit du Diable (Devil\'s bed) and the Pas Bayard capstone, about which there are legends
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# Willows, Bloemfontein
**Willows** is a suburb of Bloemfontein. It housed the first post office which was built in Bloemfontein. The post office was built in King Edward Drive, and most young people would know it as King Edward Cafe, however due to communication gaps, King Edward Cafe was demolished in 2006, to make space for residential flats
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# Alexander von Stieglitz
Baron **Alexander von Stieglitz** (*Александр Людвигович Штиглиц*; 1814--1884) was a Russian Jewish financier. He was the first governor of the State Bank of the Russian Empire, the predecessor organization to today\'s Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Stieglitz was born in Saint Petersburg to banker Baron Ludwig von Stieglitz, who was a founder of the banking-house \"Stieglitz and Co\". After completing his education at the University of Dorpat in what is now Tartu, Estonia, he entered the state services as a member of the Manufacture council of the Ministry of Finances of the Russian Empire.
## Businessman and civil servant {#businessman_and_civil_servant}
After the death of his father, Stieglitz inherited the banking-house and succeeded as a banker of the Emperor. In 1840--1850, he successfully sold six 4% government loans to finance the construction of the Moscow -- Saint Petersburg Railway and secured a significant foreign loan at the height of the Crimean War. Stieglitz also owned manufacturing enterprises in Narva and in Catherinehof.
In 1846, Stieglitz was elected the chairman of the Exchange\'s committee. At that post, he took part in all financial operation of the Government of the Russian Empire. In 1857, he co-founded the Society of the Russian Railways. In 1860, Stieglitz liquidated all his commercial enterprises and voluntarily withdrew from the post of the chairman of the Exchange\'s committee.
On 31 May 1860, Emperor Alexander II established the State Bank of the Russian Empire and Stieglitz became its first governor. In 1866, he left the state service.
## Philanthropy
In 1878, he donated funds to build a museum of applied arts for the benefit of students of the Central School of Technical Drawing, which had been established by him earlier.
## Awards
Stieglitz received numerous awards, including the Order of St. Stanislav of the 3rd degree, the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree and the Order of St. Anna of the 2nd degree
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# Jean-Pierre Delaunay
**Jean-Pierre Delaunay** (born 17 January 1966) is a French former footballer who spent most of his career with Le Havre AC, making 315 appearances for Le HAC, a club record.`{{refn|{{LFP|id=delaunay-jean-pierre}}}}`{=mediawiki} Delaunay is currently a youth coach with the club.
In August 1999 Delaunay signed for Scottish Premier League club Dundee United on a three-month contract, but due to injury problems he played only one match for the club and subsequently retired
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# Ornithoptera priamus
*Ornithoptera euphorion*}} `{{Speciesbox
| image = Priamuspronomus.jpg
| image_caption = ''O. p. pronomus'', male
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}`{=mediawiki}
\| taxon = Ornithoptera priamus \| authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) \| range_map = Distribution of Ornithoptera in Australia.png \| range_map_caption = Distribution of *Ornithoptera priamus* (in red), with *O. p. poseidon* (1), *O. p. pronomus* (2), *O. p. macalpinei* (3), and other species of *Ornithoptera* in Australia. Note: range is not limited to Australia. }}
***Ornithoptera priamus***, the **common green birdwing**, **Cape York birdwing**, **Priam\'s birdwing**, **northern birdwing** or **New Guinea birdwing** is a widespread species of birdwing butterfly found in the central and south Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, and north-east Australia.
The specific name of *Ornithoptera priamus*, is named after Priam (/ˈpraɪ.əm/, Greek Πρίαμος Priamos), the king of Troy during the Trojan War.
## Description
*Ornithoptera priamus* is sexually dimorphic.
**Male**: The upperside forewings are velvety black. There is a green (most races) subcostal stripe and a green (most subspecies) marginal stripe bordering the termen, tormen and dorsum of the wing. The sex brand is black and longish. The underside of the forewing is black. There is a chain of bluish or green postdiscal spots.
The hindwings are green. At the wing\'s leading edge (costa) there are basal yellow-gold spots. There is also a postdiscal chain of black spots. The edge of the hindwing is black.
The underside is dark green or bluish. The yellow-golden spots are transparent. The veins are partly black and the marginal edge of the wing is black. At the outer edge there is a postdiscal chain of black spots.
The body (abdomen) is yellow. Head and thorax are black. The underside of thorax has a red hair coat.
**Female:** The female is larger than the male and in the upper range of the wingspan. The basic colour of the female is dark brown. There is a chain of white postdiscal spots on the forewings. There is a chain of larger white postdiscal spots with dark centres on the hindwing. The underside is very similar to the upper.
**Larva:** First instar larvae are wine red on hatching. They soon turn black or dark brown. All segments have soft tubercles with stiff ends bearing black spines. On the 4th segment tubercles are red. The tubercles are dark brown on the other segments. In the second instar, the tubercles lack spines, the 4th tubercles are light red and on the other segments they are the same colour as the body. In the third instar, there is a white to pink saddlemark on the 4th segment. In the fourth and fifth instars, the ground colour is ashy grey to brown, the saddlemark on the 4th segment is white and the tubercles on the 4th segment are white. There may be saddlemarks on the 5th segment and the 6th segment. The tips of the tubercle are black and the osmeterium is dark red.
**Pupa:** The pupa is yellowish green or brown and is marked with greyish veins as in a leaf. It may have a broad dorsal pale saddle mark. The abdomen has eight pairs of sharp dorsal processes, directed laterally.
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# Ornithoptera priamus
## Variation
*Ornithoptera priamus* is a variable species. It was originally described from Seram Island of Indonesia. As in other species of the genus *Ornithoptera*, the females are larger and less vividly coloured than the males, them being mainly blackish or dark brown with patterns in pale brown, yellow or white. Nonetheless, females are extremely variable, and they may have colour patterns similar to females of other *Ornithoptera* species.
In males, iridescent areas of the wing are typically green, although some subspecies endemic to island groups east of New Guinea have blue males. These subspecies are *O. p. urvilleanus* (New Ireland, Bougainville, and Solomon Islands), *O. p. miokensis* (Mioko Island), and *O. p. caelestis* (Louisiade Archipelago).
However, it is likely that *O. p. miokensis* is actually a hybrid between *O. p. urvillianus* and *O. p. bornemanni* from the neighbouring islands of New Britain and Bougainville. Specimens of this subspecies are variable, and can be identical to specimens of either parent, or intermediates. Immigration may also explain its rarity, as Mioko is a small island and, as of 2001, its host plants had been reduced to a few *Aristolochia tagala* vines growing in a local village.
Several species currently recognised as distinct have previously been considered subspecies of *O. priamus* by different authors. These are: *O. aesacus*, *O. croesus*, *O. euphorion*, and *O. richmondia*. The last two are still regarded as subspecies of *O. priamus* by some.
### Subspecies
There have been as many as 99 subspecies described (most of which are synonyms of *O. p. poseidon*), with many more named variants and forms described for both sexes. Some list as few as six subspecies (including nominate), but a taxonomic review is needed and most recognise more:
- *Ornithoptera priamus admiralitatis* -- Admiralty Islands and nearby smaller islands, Papua New Guinea
- *Ornithoptera priamus albiro* -- Tayandu Islands, Indonesia (may be junior synonym of *O. p. hecuba*)
- *Ornithoptera priamus arruana* -- Aru Islands, Indonesia
- *Ornithoptera priamus aureus* -- Arfak Mountains of West Papua, Indonesia (may be junior synonym of *O. p. poseidon*)
- *Ornithoptera priamus boisduvali* -- Woodlark Island, Papua New Guinea
- *Ornithoptera priamus bornemanni* -- New Britain and nearby smaller islands, Papua New Guinea
- *Ornithoptera priamus caelestis* -- Louisiade Archipelago, Papua New Guinea
- *Ornithoptera priamus demophanes* -- D\'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea
- *Ornithoptera priamus garainaensis* -- vicinity of Garaina, Papua New Guinea? (may be junior synonym of *O. p. poseidon*)
- *Ornithoptera priamus gebeensis* -- Gebe Island, Indonesia
- *Ornithoptera priamus hecuba* -- Kai Islands, Indonesia
- *Ornithoptera priamus impensis* -- Manipa Island, Indonesia
- *Ornithoptera priamus kassandra* -- Yapen Island of West Papua, Indonesia
- *Ornithoptera priamus macalpinei* -- Iron and McIlwraith Ranges of Queensland, Australia (may be junior synonym of *O. p. poseidon*)
- *Ornithoptera priamus miokensis* -- Mioko Island, Papua New Guinea
- *Ornithoptera priamus poseidon* -- New Guinea and northern Torres Strait Islands
- *Ornithoptera priamus priamus* -- Seram, Saparua and Ambon, Indonesia
- *Ornithoptera priamus pronomus* -- southern Torres Strait Islands of Queensland, Australia (may be junior synonym of *O. p. poseidon*)
- *Ornithoptera priamus sterrensis* -- Mt. Sterren of West Papua, Indonesia (possible junior synonym of *O. p. poseidon*)
- *Ornithoptera priamus teucrus* -- Biak and Supiori of West Papua, Indonesia
- *Ornithoptera priamus wituensis* -- Vitu Islands, Papua New Guinea (may be junior synonym of *O. p. bornemanni*)
- *Ornithoptera priamus urvillianus* -- New Ireland and Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands
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# Ornithoptera priamus
## Conservation
Overall this species remains widespread, but some subspecies are threatened by habitat destruction, with those endemic to smaller islands (e.g. *O. p. miokensis* and *O. p. boisduvali*) of greatest conservation concern. Like all birdwing butterflies, *O. priamus* is listed on CITES appendix II, which restricts international export to those in possession of a permit
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# Natasha Katz
**Natasha Katz** is an American lighting designer for the theatre, dance, and opera.
## Biography
### Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
A New York City native, Katz trained at Oberlin College, and early in her career was mentored by Roger Morgan, a lighting designer and theatre consultant. Her first Broadway production was as lighting designer for the play *Pack of Lies* in 1985.
### Career
Katz was nominated for a 2017 Tony Award for *Hello, Dolly!* and a 2017 Olivier Award for *The Glass Menagerie*. She won the 2016 Tony Award for Best Lighting Design of a Play for her work on *Long Day\'s Journey Into Night*. She has won eight Tony Awards out of 20 total nominations.
Among her over 75 Broadway credits include designs for *Frozen*, *Springsteen on Broadway*, *Meteor Shower*, *Cats*, *School of Rock*, *Gigi*, *Skylight*, *An American in Paris* (2015 Tony Award), *Aladdin*, *The Glass Menagerie* (2014 Tony Award), *Motown: The Musical*, *Once* (2012 Tony Award), *Follies*, *Sister Act*, *Elf*, *Collected Stories*, *The Addams Family*, *Hedda Gabler*, *The Little Mermaid*, *The Coast of Utopia: Salvage* (2007 Tony Award), *A Chorus Line* (revival), *Tarzan*, *The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee*, *Sweet Smell of Success*, *Aida* (2000 Tony Award), *Twelfth Night*, *Beauty and the Beast*, and *Gypsy*.
She has lit the performances of Bette Midler, Zachary Quinto, Jake Gyllenhaal, Mike Tyson, Jessica Lange, Helen Hunt, Mary Louise Parker, Christopher Plummer, Elaine Stritch, Cathy Rigby, Nathan Lane, Bernadette Peters, Claudette Colbert and Sir Rex Harrison. She has also designed concert acts for Shirley MacLaine, Ann-Margret, Tommy Tune, and most recently Prince's 2014 *SNL* appearance.
In the world of dance, Katz is a frequent collaborator with choreographer Christopher Wheeldon, with projects including *Tryst*, *Alice\'s Adventures in Wonderland*, *The Winter\'s Tale*, and *Like Water for Chocolate*, all for The Royal Ballet in London. Other collaborations with Wheeldon include *Continuum* (San Francisco Ballet), *Carnival of the Animals* (New York City Ballet), *An American in Paris* (New York City Ballet, Théâtre du Châtelet, Broadway, London), *Swan Lake* (Pennsylvania Ballet), *Cinderella* (Dutch National Ballet), *The Nutcracker* (Joffrey Ballet). ( Her other dance work includes American Ballet Theatre\'s production of *Don Quixote* and productions with companies including San Francisco Ballet, Dutch National Ballet, and National Ballet of Canada.
For the opera stage, her credits include *Cyrano de Bergerac* for the Metropolitan Opera, *Die Soldaten* for the New York City Opera, two productions of *Norma* for Dame Joan Sutherland: the Opera Pacific (in Costa Mesa, California) and the Michigan Opera Theatre (in Detroit). She worked with The Royal Opera on *Cyrano de Bergerac*, directed by Francesca Zambello.
Her film work includes *Barrymore* starring Christopher Plummer and *Mike Tyson: The Undisputed Truth.* She lit the HBO television specials *Mambo Mouth* and *Spic-O-Rama* starring John Leguizamo and scenes from two episodes of *Girls* shot inside the Belasco Theatre on 44th Street in New York City.
Her work may be seen in filmed performances of *The Winter\'s Tale*, *Alice\'s Adventures in Wonderland* and *An American in Paris* as well as the PBS documentary \"Making a New Nutcracker\" and the American Theatre Wing documentary *Working in the Theatre: Lighting Design.*
Her permanent audio-visual shows include The Masquerade Village at the Rio Casino, Las Vegas, the Big Bang at the Hayden Planetarium in New York, and the Niketown stores in New York City and London.
She is currently a mentor for the Theatre Development Fund\'s Wendy Wasserstein Project (formerly known as Open Doors)
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# Varshney
**Varshney** (वार्ष्णेय) is an Indian surname and a community. Alternative names for the group include **Barahseni** and **Bara-Saini**. They belong to Bania caste and were traditionally traders and substantial landowners.
## Notable people {#notable_people}
- Alka Nupur Varshney (born 1957), Kathak dancer and former actress
- Ashutosh Varshney (born 1957), American political scientist
- Ishwar Das Varshnei (died 1948), called \"father of the glass industry\" in India
- Rajeev Kumar Varshney (born 1973), Director, Centre of Excellence in Genomics at ICRISAT
- Umesh Varshney (born 1957), molecular biologist
- Y. P
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# Moros Eros
**Moros Eros** was an American alternative rock band from Marietta, Georgia. The band formed under the name In Vitro and released their debut EP, *I\'m Dying But I Still Don\'t See Anything*, under that name, only to discover the name was already trademarked by a French band. The band renamed themselves Moros Eros (Moros is Greek for \"impending doom\" and Eros is the Greek god of love). The band signed to Victory Records. The band\'s debut album, *I Saw the Devil Last Night and Now the Sun Shines Bright*, was released on October 31, 2006, with the single \"Today Is The Day\" soon following. The band played at the 2007 South by Southwest. The group\'s most recent album, *Jealous Me Was Killed By Curiosity*, arrived in October 2007.
According to AbsolutePunk.net on April 7, 2008, they had broken up.
## After the breakup {#after_the_breakup}
On Moros Eros\' Myspace page, they have posted that they have moved on and started their musical life in something new. Zach Tipton has started two bands: Young Coyotes and I am the Dot. Chris Firebaugh has joined a band named The Peppermint Confederacy. Bobby Theberge and Derek Schulz are recording and performing psychedelic doom metal under the name Day Old Man.
## Line-up {#line_up}
- Zach Tipton: Lead vocals, Guitar, Lyrics
- DJ Schulz: Bass
- Chris Firebaugh: Keyboards, Guitar
- Bobby Theberge: Drums
## Discography
- *I\'m Dying But I Still Don\'t See Anything* EP (2006)
- *I Saw the Devil Last Night and Now the Sun Shines Bright* (Victory Records, 2006) -- Produced by John Naclerio
- *Jealous Me Was Killed By Curiosity* (Victory Records, 2007) -- Produced by J
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# Avdimou
**Avdimou** (*Αυδήμου*, *Evdim* or *Düzkaya*) is a small village on the south coast of Cyprus, lying partly within the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia. Up to 1974 it was inhabited by a majority of Turkish-Cypriots, but following the Turkish invasion the Turkish Cypriot residents evacuated to the North. Greek Cypriot refugees from the North, who were forcibly evacuated, replaced all the Turkish Cypriot residents.
Historically agriculture was the main source of income for the village, primarily in the local vine, olive and carob plantations. However, the younger generations are switching to white collar employment in the nearby city of Limassol
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# Cheltenham Festivals
**Cheltenham Festivals** is a registered charity that aims to bring joy, spark curiosity, connect communities, and inspire change year-round with four world-class festivals in jazz, science, music, and literature, and charitable programmes for education, community, and talent development in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England.
## History and structure {#history_and_structure}
Cheltenham Festivals is responsible for the four festivals, which include two of the country\'s oldest. The first Music Festival was held in 1945, followed by a Literature Festival in 1949. These were augmented by the first Jazz Festival in 1996, followed by the Science Festival in 2002.
Previously linked with the Cheltenham Borough Council, in 2006 the four festivals set out independently as they collectively became Cheltenham Festivals. As a registered charity, Cheltenham Festivals has its own marketing, education and development teams.
## Festivals
### Jazz
Cheltenham Jazz Festival was formed in 1996. It has a close relationship with BBC Radio 2.
Cheltenham\'s mix of international jazz icons, up-and-coming new artists and unique festival performances has seen them host some of the world\'s greatest musicians over a Bank Holiday weekend each May. Past performers include Jamie Cullum, Hugh Laurie, Eartha Kitt, Imelda May, Van Morrison, Stephane Grappelli and Ornette Coleman.
Jamie Cullum: \"The great thing about Cheltenham Jazz Festival is that it brings together so many genres under the umbrella of jazz... I think it is one of the best Jazz Festivals in the world\".
### Science
Cheltenham Science Festival was formed in 2002 and hosts an international science-based talent competition, FameLab, which attracts finalists from over 30 countries and hosts live semi-finals and a final at the Festival. The Science Festival is held in the Cheltenham Town Hall and adjacent gardens, with a tented science village built in Imperial Square.
The festival has many free activities for adults and children, including the Discover Zone in the Town Hall which provides hands-on activities. The education programme includes a series of free Christmas lectures for local schools. Past presenters include Robert Winston, Richard Dawkins, Steve Backshall, Brian Cox, Richard Hammond, Tony Robinson, Jonathon Porritt, Kevin Conrad, Colin Pillinger and Adam Hart-Davis, Peter Higgs and James Watson.
### Music
Cheltenham Music Festival was formed in 1945, and is the oldest member of the Festival family in Cheltenham. Events range from free family workshops and young artists\' projects, to concerts and the promotion of contemporary composers. The festival uses several venues across the county, including Cheltenham Town Hall, Pittville Pump Room, and cathedrals, abbeys and churches. As well as music, the festival features film, dance, the visual arts and the spoken word.
Artists in previous years include acclaimed violinist and Cheltenham 2014 Artist-in-Residence Nicola Benedetti, Marc-André Hamelin, Craig Ogden, Calefax, the Dante Quartet, Noam Greenberg, Ingrid Fliter, Danjulo Ishizaka, The Pavel Haas Quartet, Allan Clayton, Paul Lewis, Manchester Camerata, the Schubert Ensemble, Ailish Tynan, Gareth Hancock, Alekzandar Madzar, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, John Potter, Kathryn Tickell, James Gilchrist and Taraf de Haidouks. The artistic director is Alison Balsom.
### Literature
Cheltenham Literature Festival was formed in 1949. It is the longest-running literature festival in the world and is currently sponsored by *The Times* and *The Sunday Times*. Taking place over ten days in Cheltenham Town Hall, Imperial Square and Montpellier Gardens, the festival hosts talks, workshops, debates, and other entertaining events. Most of the great names in modern literature have appeared at the festival at some time during its history. The festival attracts the biggest names in culture, politics and sport and annually welcomes The Booker Prize finalists for a special Booker event.
Past guests have included Terry Pratchett, Toni Morrison, Ian Rankin, Kate Adie, Patrick Stewart, Richard Attenborough, Simon Schama, David Starkey, Antony Sher, Michael Parkinson, Terry Jones, Tony Robinson, Sandi Toksvig, Dawn French, Simon Armitage, Clive James, Ruth Rendell, Alexander McCall Smith, Bruce Parry, Ray Mears, Frank Skinner, Janet Street-Porter, Roger Moore, Tony Curtis, John Barrowman, Russell T Davies, Dave Gorman, Charley Boorman, Alexei Sayle, Mark Thomas, J. K. Rowling, Kofi Annan, Salman Rushdie, A. S. Byatt, Benedict Cumberbatch, Steven Moffat, and Jennifer Saunders.
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# Cheltenham Festivals
## Education and outreach {#education_and_outreach}
A broad education and outreach programme is part of the Cheltenham Festivals, delivering bespoke activities that extend the reach of each festival and help to achieve the organisation\'s aims of developing talent, engaging year-round with schools and the community, and creating unique experiences. In 2017, 25,000 students took part in Cheltenham Festivals\' school offer, as well as teachers from 246 schools.
The education and outreach programme comprises festival-specific events and workshops that take place in the run-up to and during the festivals. Alongside these activities, there are the following year-round programmes.
**Beyond Words**
[Beyond Words](https://www.cheltenhamfestivals.com/education/take-part/beyond-words/) reaches out from Cheltenham Literature Festival to young people in Gloucestershire who are temporarily unable to access mainstream schooling due to a severe mental or physical illness. Working with the Gloucestershire Hospital Education Service the programme gives these students the opportunity to work with a writer-in-residence. Their work is professionally published in an anthology, and showcased at Cheltenham Literature Festival.
**Reading Teachers = Reading Pupils**
[Reading Teachers = Reading Pupils](https://www.cheltenhamfestivals.com/education/take-part/reading-teachers-reading-pupils/) aims to engender a love of reading in primary school pupils by increasing teachers\' enthusiasm for and knowledge of high quality children\'s literature. Local networks of teachers\' reading groups gives them the time and space to share children\'s literature so that they can use more whole novels in their teaching. As a result, their pupils read more, and standards are raised.
**LabLive**
[LabLive](https://www.cheltenhamfestivals.com/education/take-part/lablive-spectacular-science-for-ks3-2/) takes the best of Cheltenham Science Festival on tour, presenting spectacular science to hundreds of year 8 and 9 students across the UK in a bid to inspire and engage inquisitive young minds. As well as enjoying science and maths at its most amazing, students learn more about the benefits of studying maths, technology, engineering and science at GCSE.
**FameLab Academy**
[FameLab Academy](https://www.cheltenhamfestivals.com/education/take-part/famelab-academy-is-back-for-2017-18-/) is a science communication competition for year 9 students in local secondary schools. The students, supported by their teachers, prepare 3-minute presentations to explain a STEM topic in a dynamic and engaging way to a panel of judges whose assessment focuses on content, clarity and charisma. The winner from each school receives a masterclass in communication skills, a work placement in a local STEM company, and entry into the Gloucestershire FameLab final.
**Musicate**
[Musicate](https://www.cheltenhamfestivals.com/education/take-part/musicate/) aims to inspire a love of music by giving children the skills to engage with unfamiliar genres of music. The programme brings primary school teachers and early career musicians together, and equips them with creative approaches to music education. In collaboration they produce music experiences for children throughout the academic year, and the musicians also have the opportunity to plan and present a bespoke concert for schools at the Cheltenham Jazz and Music Festivals
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# Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies
The **Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies** is one of India\'s advanced centres of marine engineering (marine propulsion) and navigation.
In addition to research, the institution offers extensive education and training in pre-sea and post-sea training for candidates ranging from cadets, on up through masters of ships. The institute is recognised by the D.G Shipping, Government of India and affiliated to Indian Maritime University. The institute is sponsored by the Executive Ship Management Private Limited, Singapore. Spread over spell=on 50 of land along the Indrayani River, on National Highway No.4 near Pune, India, the institute includes residential facilities for 400 candidates, an auditorium, a catering centre, an administration building, a \"ship-in-campus\", a Maritime science centre and a nautical and engineering workshop and swimming pool. The Institute boasts of LPG Simulator, one of its kind in the world, with hardware and software integrated together. The institute is the only maritime training institute in India to have a free fall life boat training facility.
## Overview
The institute has been operational since 1 August 2005 with its pioneer batch comprising 40 deck cadets selected on merit and the first batch of Graduate Marine Engineering Scheme training started from October 2005. The curriculum for the cadet training, provides the candidate with the essential theoretical and practical training so as to prepare them to endure and excel in the life faced at sea. The institute is a backward integration of Executive Ship Management Private Limited (ESM), a ship management company based in Singapore. Having instituted a post sea training facility, SIMS embarked on another training project in starting a pre sea training facility for deck and engine cadets. Located at Lonavala, Maharashtra, this campus complements the present post sea training offered in Govandi, Mumbai.
The institute was assessed in a comprehensive inspection program by the DG Shipping Govt of India in year 2015 and ranked No 1 among all maritime training institutes in India. The criteria for assessment included infrastructure, ambience, faculty and quality of training imparted, student development program, onboard training and placement records.
## Sustainable energy {#sustainable_energy}
The campus is notable for its employment of solar photovoltaic panels, one on a ninety-meter (293\') long solar wall, is the longest in the world. Water is heated through the employment of solar heating panels. The campus plan is devised to re-generate the subterranean aquifer system. A water collection pool, near the river, acts as a holding pool, recharging and sustaining the micro-environment and bio-diversity of the campus. A system of canals and water management devices, temper the flow and retention of water in this drought prone area.
## Contemporary architecture {#contemporary_architecture}
The campus has been designed by the award-winning architect Christopher Charles Benninger who has also designed the Mahindra United World College of India, the Center for Development Studies and Activities and the new campus for the Indian Institute of Management at Calcutta. The buildings have set a new trend in Indian modern architecture. The Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies (SIMS) near Mumbai was established by Executive Ship Management (ESM) Singapore.
## Accreditation
- ICRA Top Grade.
- Recognized by the Directorate General of Shipping, India.
- Indian Maritime University
- Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore.
- Det Norske Veritas, Norway for ISO 9001:2015.
- Maritime and Coastguard Agency (UK), Panama, Liberia and Marshall Islands Authorities (Ship Security Officers Course).
- Executive Ship Management Private Limited, Singapore. (Owner of SIMS)
- BP Shipping (Partner)
## Training facilities {#training_facilities}
The institute is spread out over a floor area in excess of 20,000 sq feet, SIMS provides hands-on training on simulators and various equipment as well as a training courses to ESM\'s officers and ratings. The simulators include the only 240° field of view bridge simulator presently in India, an engine room simulator and a liquid cargo handling simulator -- all loaded with programme modules based on present vessels under ESM\'s management.
Some of the key facilities include:
- **Simulators**
1. 240° Field of View Full Mission Bridge Simulator.
2. Engine Room Full Mission Simulator.
3. Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator (LCHS) for oil, gas and chemical cargoes.
4. Electronic Chart Display Information System (ECDIS) simulator.
5. Inert Gas Plant.
- **Equipment**
1. Fully fitted-out Cargo Tank Replica with Framo pump.
2. Automation Control Engineering Laboratory
3. Hydraulic Trainer Equipment.
4. Pneumatic Trainer Equipment.
5. Miura Boiler Combustion equipment and controls.
6. Terasaki Group Starter Panel.
7. Main Engine Manoeuvring System.
- **Other Fittings**
1. Basic electronic trainers
2. Tanker fittings such as PV valves, tank cleaning machine
3. Safety equipment such as BA sets, fireman\'s suit, BA compressor etc.
- **Other Facilities**
1. Conference Hall
2. Library
3. Auditorium
4. Briefing room
5. Classrooms
6. Student hostel with rooms
7. Catering center
8. Swimming pool, sports and recreational facilities
| 799 |
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| 0 |
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# Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies
## Awards
The institute has won the following awards for its architecture:
- J.K. Cement-Architect of the Year Awards 2009, Best Educational Institute Award
- Indian Institute Architects Award 2008, Excellence in Architecture for Best Public Building
- Institute of Steel Development & Growth (INSDAG) 2009, Runner\'s up for Best Steel Structure in India
- ArchiDesign Awards 2009, Architect of the Year Award
- World Architecture Festival Award 2009, Barcelona, Category: Education -- Finalist
## Pre sea courses at SIMS Lonavla {#pre_sea_courses_at_sims_lonavla}
SN Course Name Duration
----- -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
1\. DNS leading to BSc. Nautical Science (Deck Officer Training) 1 year
2\. GME (Engine Officer Training) 1 year
3\. B.Tech. Marine Engineering (Engine Officer Training) 4 years
4\. ETO (Electro Technical Officer) 4 months
## Post sea mandatory courses at SIMS Mumbai/Lonavala/Chandigarh/ Cochin {#post_sea_mandatory_courses_at_sims_mumbailonavalachandigarh_cochin}
SN Course Name Duration
------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
1\. Chemical Tanker Familiarisation 5 days
2\. Specialised Training Program on Chemical Tanker Operations 12 days
3\. Oil Tanker Familiarisation 5 days
4\. Specialised Training Program on Oil Tanker Operations 2 weeks
5\. Liquefied Gas Tanker Familiarisation 5 days
6\. Specialised Training Program on Gas Tanker Operations 2 weeks
7\. Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator -- Management Level 5 days
8\. Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator -- Operational Level 3 days
9\. Engine Simulator - Management Level 5 days
10\. Engine Simulator - Operational Level 3 days
11\
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| 1 |
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# The Hound of the Baskervilles (1978 film)
***The Hound of the Baskervilles*** is a 1978 British comedy film spoofing the 1902 novel *The Hound of the Baskervilles* by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It starred Peter Cook as Sherlock Holmes and Dudley Moore as Dr. Watson. A number of other well-known British comedy actors appeared in the film including Terry-Thomas and Kenneth Williams.
## Plot
The film begins in a theatre, where a pianist begins to play a piano accompaniment to the actual film being shown in the theater.
Holmes has just restored a stolen artifact to three French nuns, and is later called on a case by Dr. Mortimer concerning Sir Henry Baskerville and a legendary hound that curses the Baskerville estate. Tired and worn out by so many cases, Holmes passes the case onto Dr. Watson, who is portrayed as a Welsh eccentric.
On their way from the station to the hall, Sir Henry, Dr. Mortimer, Watson and Perkins (their driver) are halted by a policeman, who warns them of a murderer stalking the moors, before sending the group on their way.
While out in the moor collecting specimens, Watson has a curious encounter in a hut with the raving Mr. Frankland and Frankland\'s exceedingly strong daughter, Mary.
In the next scene, we see Holmes still in London, visiting Ada, his mother, who, as a bogus spiritualist aided by her housekeeper, Iris, scams older ladies of their money in false seances. Holmes\' mother is concerned that \"Watty\" (Watson) may need help, and that \"Sherl\" (as she calls her son), should rush to his aid.
In next scene, Holmes interviews the one-legged Mr. Spiggot (also played by Dudley Moore) to act as a runner on the moor.
In the next scene, while wandering on the moors, Watson happens upon Mr. Stapleton, who mistakes him for Sir Henry. Stapleton\'s sister describes dramatically her encounter with the Hound on the moor, suggesting that it ravished her, whereupon she attempts to force herself upon the reluctant Watson, with Miss Stapleton undergoing supernatural transformations reminiscent of *The Exorcist*.
The Barrymores at Baskerville Hall mistreat Sir Henry and Watson, feeding them only cheese and water and then throwing them into a small bedroom, ankle-deep in water. Watson then goes to the village to send a message to Holmes (who is during this time visiting his cranky mother), and meets Mr. Stapleton of Merripit Hall. Stapleton is carrying a chihuahua that proceeds to urinate in Watson\'s pocket and face.
Arriving at Merripit Hall, Watson meets the eccentric Mrs. Stapleton, who displays surreal symptoms suggesting demonic possession. Late at night, Sir Henry and Watson discover the Stapletons and the escaped murderer, whom Watson recognizes as Mrs. Barrymore\'s brother Ethel Seldon, having a family dinner. Oddly enough, neither of the men seems to panic at this.
Afterward, Holmes arrives and examines the case so far. An invitation arrives for Sir Henry, asking him to dinner at Merripit Hall. Suspecting a trap, Watson goes along with Sir Henry while Holmes observes carefully. Mrs. Stapleton resumes her bizarre acts and begins to vomit pale-blue liquid over Sir Henry, whilst Mr. Stapleton\'s chihuahua urinates in Watson\'s soup.
Ordered to leave in disgrace, the Stapletons, Dr. Mortimer, Mr. Frankland, and his daughter Mary follow Sir Henry and Watson to kill them, but become trapped in a quagmire. Holmes then proceeds to reveal that the Hound is no more than a large, rather friendly Irish wolfhound owned by the late Sir Charles Baskerville, whose excited barking was misinterpreted as a monstrous beast. He also states that the dog is the sole heir of Sir Charles. With the dog gone, the would-be murderers would have gained the Baskerville fortune and the estate.
The film ends on the pianist, who is then hit by vegetables from the audience.
## Cast
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# The Hound of the Baskervilles (1978 film)
## Filming locations {#filming_locations}
The film was shot at Bray Studios and on location in neighbouring Oakley Court, as the manor house.
## Reception
The film received overwhelmingly negative reviews, being described variously as \"a chore\" and \"a ponderous shambles\", with much of the blame being laid at Morrissey\'s direction, especially given the substantial comedic talent involved. Virtually the entire cast consisted of comic actors who were well-known and respected in the UK and overseas. Perhaps because of this, it went unreleased until 1981 in the United States.
It has a 0% rating at Rotten Tomatoes
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| 1 |
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# Paul Turner (rugby union)
**Paul Turner** (born 13 February 1960) is a former Wales international rugby union player and the former head coach of Welsh regional side Newport Gwent Dragons.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Turner was born in Newbridge, and still holds the Newbridge points scoring record of 405 points from season 1983--84 and still remains the only back capped from Newbridge RFC. An outside-half, he was a prolific goal-kicker and is the joint record points holder for Newport RFC.
He also played for Pontypool, Newbridge, Bedford and Sale FC. He represented Wales on 3 occasions and played for the Barbarians invitational side three times.
Turner represented the Crawshays and the Penguins at the Hong Kong Sevens in 1985, 87 and 88 respectively.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
Turner left Newport RFC and became player/coach at Sale FC in 1992, leaving in 1996 to join Bedford RFC as player/Head Coach, taking both clubs into the English Premiership during his tenure. In 1998/99 he joined Saracens as backs coach and then spent 2 seasons at Rugby Lions as player/coach, winning promotion to Division 1. In 2001 he left Rugby Lions to work under Philippe Saint-André at Gloucester, winning the inaugural Premiership Grand Final. He moved on to Harlequins as backs coach from 2002 to 2005. In 2005 he was appointed head coach for the Newport Gwent Dragons and he stepped down in February 2011. He was Magners league coach of the year for the 2010 season. In July 2011 he was appointed attack and skills coach at Wasps He is currently Head Coach at National 1 side Ampthill RFC.
## Other interests {#other_interests}
Turner founded his own rugby consultancy business \"Paul Turner Rugby\" in April 2012 and worked as a rugby consultant on the grassroots rugby programme \"Inside Welsh Rugby\". In 2014, he rebranded the company as \"Paul Turner Sport\", offering additional services to complement his coaching
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# Plasmodium egerniae
***Plasmodium egerniae*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Sauramoeba*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. egerniae* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.
## Description
The parasite was first described by Mackerras in 1961.
Both the schizonts and gametocytes of this species are large and nearly fill the host erythrocyte.
The schizonts measure 14 × 11 micrometres (μm).
## Geographical occurrence {#geographical_occurrence}
This species is found in Queensland, Australia.
## Clinical features and host pathology {#clinical_features_and_host_pathology}
The only known host of this species is the lizard *Egernia major major*
| 100 |
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| 0 |
10,030,825 |
# James Thomson (architect, born 1852)
**James Thomson** (1852--1927) was the City Engineer, City Architect, and Housing Director of Dundee, Scotland. He originally planned an immense Beaux Arts style Civic Centre covering the centre of Dundee. At the onset of First World War, his plans were scaled down and he retired in 1924.
Thomson was the designer behind the \"Kingsway\" City Bypass, combined road widening and slum clearance, the Craigie Garden City Estate and the first ever district heated housing scheme at Logie. After Thomson\'s death in 1927 his former assistant, James MacLellan Brown, as Deputy City Architect, remodelled Burnet\'s designs in 1931.
## Early life {#early_life}
A native of Edinburgh, he was born to Alexander Thomson and Mary Higgins on 9 April 1851. He received professional training in Architecture and Civil Engineering. As a young man, he came to Dundee to join the staff of the Burgh Surveyor. Soon after taking the duty he was employed in connection with major schemes then being executed under the Improvement Act of 1871. Those undertakings, which, to a large extent, transformed the central area of the city, were carried under his personal supervision. The construction of the Perth Road and the first tramway lines in Dundee were accomplished under his direction.
## Career
Thomson became the Assistant Burgh Engineer after the constructions of Perth Road and tramlines. After the death of William Alexander in 1904, he was appointed as City Architect, and in August 1906, he was given the post of City Engineer in succession to Mackison, becoming, in pursuance of the council\'s Policy of Consolidation, the joint holder of the offices of City Architect and Engineer.
In October 1922, the Town Council decided to separate the offices of City Engineering and City Architect, which the latter office embraced the duties of Housing Director. Thomson was relieved of the office of City Engineer and became City Architect and Housing Director.
Thomson retired in May 1924, but was retained in the capacity and continued to engage in professional life in association with his son Frank Thomson. He spent 55 years in the service of the corporation. His fondest hope and expressed desire was to have the Caird Hall Square completed \"in his time\".
## Visionary
The media referred to Thomson as the \"creator of innumerable schemes to make Dundee the City Beautiful.\" Thomson\'s report on the development of the city issued in 1918 was an example of his visions and daring conceptions. He was the man behind the construction of Kingsway City Bypass, combined road widening and slum clearance, which was proposed, \"...so that the city might expand advantageously and scientifically and get away from the old fashioned methods.\" He planned the Craigie Garden City Estate and the first ever district heated housing scheme at Logie.Thomson\'s ideas for extending City Square were developed again in 1924, when the Ecole de Beaux Arts trained Sir John James Burnet was commissioned to produce designs for the east and west wings to City Square.
James Thomson\'s work enjoyed an international reputation and he was the first engineer of a Scottish municipality to be elected as the President of the Institution of Municipal and County Engineers.
## Death
On 10 November 1927, in one of the corridors of Caird Hall, Thomson collapsed and died. A woman who had been waiting to see the Lord Provost saw him fall in the main corridor. She informed Lord Provost High and S. G. Fraser, with whom he was engaged at the moment, and they ran to his assistance. Thomson made a vain effort to speak but died in the arms of Fraser. Dr. Hunter, who was called, certified that the death to have been due to heart failure. At the time of death he was engaged on some of the minor details relating to the scheme for the erection of the East Wing. His funeral took palace in Balgay Cemetery on 14 November 1927.
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# James Thomson (architect, born 1852)
## Archives
A collection of papers relating to James Thomson is held by the archives at the University of Dundee
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| 1 |
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# Moss Mabry
**Moss Mabry** (July 5, 1918 -- January 25, 2006) was an American costume designer.
## Biography
He started off designing costumes for his high school plays, but actually studied mechanical engineering at the University of Florida. He later went to Hollywood to attend art school, eventually signing a contract with Warner Bros. Some of the films he worked on included *Dial M for Murder* and *Them!* (both 1954), *The Manchurian Candidate* and *Mutiny on the Bounty* (both 1962), *The Silencers*, *Murderers\' Row* (both 1966), *The Detective* (1968), *Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice* (1969), *The Shootist* and *King Kong* (both 1976).
Mabry received four Academy Award nominations throughout his career: for *Giant* in 1956, *What a Way to Go!* in 1964, spy thriller *Morituri* in 1965 and *The Way We Were* in 1973.
One of his most iconic designs was the red jacket sported by James Dean in *Rebel Without a Cause* (1955). Mabry declared that his most difficult filmic assignment was the multiple costume changes required for Elizabeth Taylor in \"Giant\" (1956), which called for 42 changes of clothing.
In 1949, Mabry was on the Groucho Marx program \"You Bet Your Life.\" He and his fellow contestant shared the grand prize of \$2000
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# Robyn Johannes
**Robyn Johannes** (born 23 August 1986) is a South African former professional soccer player who played as a central defender. He last played for and captained Stellenbosch FC in the Premier Soccer League. Johannes had an illustrious 18-year career in South African football, playing for top clubs including Mamelodi Sundowns F.C., Orlando Pirates F.C., Bidvest Wits F.C., Cape Town City F.C., and Stellenbosch F.C. He is renowned for his exceptional passing range, composure, and leadership qualities. Throughout his career, he won all major domestic trophies in South African football.
Born in Strandfontein, Mitchell\'s Plain, Johannes began his football journey at youth clubs like Parkhurst Ambassadors, Hellenic F.C., and Rygersdal F.C. He transitioned into professional football with University of Pretoria F.C., before making his Premier Soccer League debut with Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.
In 2022, after retiring from professional football, Johannes introduced [Coerver Coaching](https://www.coerver.co.za/), the world\'s leading soccer skills teaching method, to the Western Cape. [1](https://www.coerver.co.za/cape-town1) He has since hosted \"Play Like The Stars\" clinics in the Helderberg region and partnered with schools across the Helderberg and Cape Town. Through this partnership, Johannes provides coaching to children aged 4 to 16, aiming to develop their technical football skills using Coerver\'s globally recognised methods.
## Club career {#club_career}
### University of Pretoria {#university_of_pretoria}
Robyn joined Tuks Football Academy. \"\[\...\] he left the Mother city to join the University of Pretoria youth set-up at the tender age of 15.\" He was part of University of Pretoria promotion from Castle League to Vodacom League and then to the National First Division, where he was captain of the team.
### Mamelodi Sundowns {#mamelodi_sundowns}
Robyn signed with Mamelodi Sundowns in 2004, where he made his first PSL debut. His 5 year spell at the club was highly successful. The team won two league titles in 2005-06 and 2006-07. He played his first cup final at the Netbank Cup, winning against Mpumalanga Black Aces in 2008. In addition, he appeared in the CAF Champions League.
In 2006, Robyn tore his ACL during a match, which left him on the sidelines for a year.
### Orlando Pirates {#orlando_pirates}
Robyn transferred to Orlando Pirates in 2010.[2](https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/robyn-johannes-signs-for-orlando-pirates/526780) In his first season, the team won the treble under manager Dutch legend Ruud Krol. \"Orlando Pirates completed a historic treble by beating second-tier Black Leopards 3-1 in the South African FA Cup final in Nelspruit.\"
### Golden Arrows {#golden_arrows}
In 2011, Robyn was on loan for the remaining of the season at Golden Arrows.
### Maritzburg United {#maritzburg_united}
Robyn spent a season at Maritzburg United in 2013, where he endured a series of injuries that left him unable to play many games.
### AmaZulu
Robyn signed with AmaZulu in 2015. After a challenging season, the club got relegated. Robyn played one season.
### Cape Town City {#cape_town_city}
In 2016, Johannes signed with reformed team Cape Town City by manager Eric Tinkler. \"\[\...\] the former Orlando Pirates man has put pen to paper on a two-year deal with the Cape side\". The team\'s first season was triumphant, winning the 2016 Telkom Knockout cup, as well as achieving third place in the log. The following year, South African football legend Benni McCarthy was appointed manager at the club. In 2017, the centre-back was named captain. [3](https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/cape-town-city-defender-robyn-johannes-honoured-to-be-named-captain/582354) In 2017, the Citizens were runners-up in the MTN8.
### Bidvest Wits {#bidvest_wits}
Robyn joined multiple league winner coach Gavin Hunt in 2018.[4](https://www.sasoccermag.co.za/local-transfers/wits-land-gyimah-johannes-signings/)
### Stellenbosch FC {#stellenbosch_fc}
The defender transferred in 2019 to newly promoted Stellenbosch FC. [5](https://www.goal.com/en/news/robyn-johannes-stellenbosch-complete-the-signing-of-former/1s81em1k8duv21usn7o7k9jxpm) Johannes signed a two-year deal with an option to renew for a further year. Robyn was appointed captain in season 2020-21. On the 25th of October 2020, Robyn scored a penalty goal against Moroka Swallows.
"Robyn Johannes stole the show last night winning the Players Player of the year as well as the Footballer of the Year Award.\"
## International career {#international_career}
He made his international debut in a COSAFA Cup match against the Seychelles on 26 February 2005.
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# Robyn Johannes
## Style of play {#style_of_play}
Robyn is known for his excellent passing range, continuously packing high scores. \"Cape Town City's Robyn Johannes continues to have the highest passing accuracy in the Absa Premiership, with a few Orlando Pirates players following behind on the charts. Johannes is currently topping the charts with his accuracy on 93.1 %
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| 1 |
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# William Young (veteran)
**William Alexander Smillie Young**, also known as **Sandy Young**, (4 January 1900 -- 24 July 2007) was, at age 107, one of the last surviving British veterans of the First World War. He later emigrated to Australia, and was the last known veteran of the Royal Flying Corps, in which he served as a radio operator.
## Early life {#early_life}
Young was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, on 4 January 1900, the eldest of the six children of Robert Craig Young. His family moved to Hayes in Middlesex when he was 13, when his father became the manager of a Scots Jams factory, and he was educated at the county school in Southall.
## First World War {#first_world_war}
Young joined the Derby Scheme, under which young men under 18 could sign up to show their readiness to join the army or the air force when they turned 18 (later replaced by conscription under the Military Service Act 1916). He was not keen to join the infantry, as the casualty rate was so high; instead, on his 18th birthday in 1918, Young signed up for the RFC at its recruiting centre in Shepherd\'s Bush. He was assigned to the wireless section, and trained in Farnborough, Hampshire.
As a corporal radio operator, Young was assigned to the 14th Brigade Royal Horse Artillery, near Bapaume in France. His job was to take the messages sent via morse code from observation planes and pass the location of the target to a forward observation officer, who could then call down a bombardment from the brigade\'s 25-pounder field guns. He continued to serve in this role through the British offensive later that year, until the Armistice. Young caught the Spanish flu that winter. After he recovered, he was assigned to a unit of the Army of Occupation near Cologne.
Young was demobilised in August 1919.
## Later life {#later_life}
Young studied for a degree in chemistry at East London College (now Queen Mary, University of London in the University of London), later working in chemical factories in Argentina. In 1934 he married May Thompson, and they had one son.
During the Second World War he was working as the manager of a tannin extract company at Sandakan in North Borneo when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941. His family escaped to Australia, but Young was captured after the Japanese took North Borneo in January 1942, and interned in a camp at Berhala Island near Sandakan. He was later moved to Batu Lintang camp near Kuching in Sarawak, where he was held as a civilian internee until the camp was liberated in 1945.
After the war, Young returned to Sandakan before emigrating to Australia. He became the manager of a tannin extract factory near Perth, Western Australia, and retired in 1970.
## Honours
Along with other survivors of the First World War, Young was awarded the Légion d\'honneur by the French Government in 1998.
## Death
On the death of William Roberts on 30 April 2006, Young became the last surviving member of the Royal Flying Corps before it joined with the RNAS to become the RAF.
He died in his sleep in Perth, on 24 July 2007, at the age of 107, and was survived by his son, Alan, his wife May having predeceased him
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| 0 |
10,030,951 |
# James MacLellan Brown
**James MacLellan Brown** (21 September 1886 -- 25 December 1967) was a Scottish architect who was the city planner of Dundee, Scotland, known for remodelling of Sir John James Burnet\'s designs (1931) and designing the Mills Observatory (1935).
Brown was born in 1886, the son of David Brown, a weaver, and Janet MacLellan Brown.
Brown was the assistant to the City Architect, James Thomson, who had originally planned an immense Beaux-Arts style Civic Centre covering the centre of Dundee. When the First World War intervened, his plans were scaled down and he retired in 1924. Thomson\'s ideas for extending City Square were developed again in 1924, when the École des Beaux-Arts-trained Burnet was commissioned to produce designs for the east and west wings to City Square. Thomson died in 1927, and James MacLellan Brown, as Depute City Architect, remodelled Burnet\'s designs in 1931 and produced the scheme that was built. Later Brown collaborated with Professor Ralph Allen Sampson, Astronomer Royal for Scotland, in designing Mills Observatory, a much more modern building than the one originally planned before the war.
Brown died of a pulmonary embolism at Maryfield Hospital in Dundee on Christmas Day 1967, two weeks after suffering a heart attack
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| 0 |
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# Georgia Taylor
**Georgia Taylor** (born **Claire Marie Jackson**; 26 February 1980) is an English actress. Her TV roles include Toyah Battersby in the ITV soap opera *Coronation Street* (1997--2003, 2016--present), Ruth Winters in the BBC One medical drama series *Casualty* (2007--2011), and Kate Barker in the ITV crime series *Law & Order: UK* (2013--2014).
## Early life {#early_life}
Taylor was born Claire Marie Jackson, on 26 February 1980 in Wigan, Greater Manchester. She attended the Willpower Youth Theatre in Wigan as a teenager.
## Career
In 1997, Taylor began playing Toyah Battersby in *Coronation Street*. In 2001, she won the Best Dramatic Performance British Soap Award for playing Toyah. She quit the show in 2003 and has since appeared in episodes of *Where the Heart Is*, *New Street Law*, *Lilies*, *Red Cap*, the BBC\'s *The Afternoon Play* series and *Life on Mars*.
In September 2016 it was announced that Taylor would return to *Coronation Street* as Toyah Battersby. She resumed her role in the episode aired on Christmas Day 2016.
In 2003, she appeared with Duncan Bannatyne in the Tyne Tees Television comedy pilot *Girls\' Club*. In 2004 and 2006, Taylor played a recurring role in the Golden Globe award nominated series *Blackpool* and its follow up *Viva Blackpool* for BBC One.
In May 2005, Taylor appeared in *The Woman Before* at the Royal Court opposite Helen Baxendale. In the same year, she received rave reviews for her role in *Christmas is Miles Away* at the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester.
In 2006, Taylor played Fiona in the film version of the transatlantic stage hit *The History Boys*. She appeared in an independent short film *Soul Shutter* in 2008, and also had a small role in the 2008 feature film *The Bank Job*. Her radio credits include *Dakota of the White Flats* by Phillip Ridley.
Taylor joined the cast of the BBC One medical drama *Casualty* as series regular Ruth Winters in September 2007.
She left *Casualty* in December 2011, along with co-star Ben Turner, who played her main love interest in the show.
In 2013 and 2014, Taylor played Junior Crown Prosecutor Kate Barker for two series (seasons) of *Law & Order: UK*.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 2003 Taylor was in a relationship with musician Mark Eyden, and was planning marriage and children. As of 2013, she was living in Bristol with her partner, actor Mark Letheren, whom she met on the set of *Casualty*.
## Filmography
+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
+===========================+=========================================+=====================+=========================================+
| 1997--2003, 2016--present | *Coronation Street* | Toyah Battersby | Series regular |
+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1998--1999, 2013 | *This Morning* | Herself | 4 episodes |
+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1998 | *Sooty & Co
| 454 |
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| 0 |
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# Finger roll
The **finger roll** is a specialized type of basketball layup shot where the ball is rolled off the tips of the player\'s fingers. The advantage of the finger roll is that the ball can travel high in the air over a defender that might otherwise block a regular jump shot or dunk, while the spin applied by the rolling over the fingers will carry the ball to the basket off the backboard. The shot was pioneered by center Wilt Chamberlain in the 1960s.
The finger roll is notorious for being very difficult to master, and few players use it as their primary shot. Another disadvantage is that the shot is one-handed, and therefore harder to protect the ball while executing. One famous exception was San Antonio Spurs forward George Gervin, who turned the shot into a nearly unstoppable weapon when he led the National Basketball Association (NBA) in scoring between 1978 and 1980.
Although the finger roll is a very challenging shot, it still has a high percentage of making the basket. Once there is opening down the lane for a layup, the finger roll is the most convenient due to distance away from the rim. If there is no defender guarding and trying to block the shot then it is hard to miss. The layup can help improve one\'s game because it can make it harder for defenders to defend by not knowing whether the offense is going for a finger roll or another layup
| 249 |
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| 0 |
10,031,002 |
# Max Knight: Ultra Spy
***Max Knight: Ultra Spy*** is a 2000 American sci-fi action television film written by Paul Bales, David Michael Latt, David Rimawi, Sherri Strain, and directed by Colin Budds. The film stars Michael Landes, Rachel Blakely, Brooke Harman, and Christopher Morris. It features the use of video game related machinima as part of its production and storyline. *Max Knight: Ultra Spy* aired on UPN on February 25, 2000.
## Cast
- Michael Landes as Max Knight
- Rachel Blakely as Ricki / Claire
- Brooke Harman as Lindsay
- Christopher Morris as Zach
- Anja Coleby as Tyler
## Awards
The film was nominated for an Australian Screen Sound Guild Award for Best Achievement in Sound for a Tele-Feature
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| 0 |
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# Gift Tandare
**Gift Tandare** (died 2007) was a member of the Zimbabwe political party Movement for Democratic Change. He was shot dead by police at a prayer meeting. The government of Zimbabwe denied the family permission to bury him at Granville cemetery in Harare, fearing reprisals from mourners. He was buried at his rural home
| 56 |
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| 0 |
10,031,011 |
# Las Locuras del profesor
***Las Locuras del profesor*** is a 1979 Argentine comedy film directed by Palito Ortega. It was shot in shot in Eastmancolor and the story of the movie revolves around an eccentric science teacher becoming the favorite of the students at a high school
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| 0 |
10,031,015 |
# Las Muñecas que hacen ¡pum!
***Las Muñecas que hacen ¡pum!*** (*The Dolls that go Boom!*) is a 1979 Argentine film directed by Gerardo Sofovich. The plot concerns two rival international organisations, one of which employs androids used as sex dolls. The dolls are programmed to explode when the victim has sex with them.
## Reception
The film was released in an era when there was little sexual censorship of comedies in Argentina. Complaints were largely absent despite it being heavily advertised. However, in neighbouring Peru, there were street protests against the film leading to its banning as a \"moral danger\" to children.
The film was criticised by socialists for acting as an apologist for the military dictatorship, as was Sofovich in general
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Las Muñecas que hacen ¡pum!
| 0 |
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# Jack Cotton
**Jack Cotton** (1 January 1903 -- 21 March 1964) was a British property developer. He became the dominant figure in the world of property development in Britain. His methods of operation were a model for others involved in the property boom in the years following World War II.
Jack Cotton was born on 1 January 1903 in Birmingham, and was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Birmingham, and at Cheltenham College. He left school at the age of 18 to become an articled clerk in a firm of estate agents and surveyors. In 1924, he set up his own firm in Birmingham.
By the 1930s, he was buying farmland to sell to speculative builders of housing estates. In 1932 he began the first of his purely urban developments, starting with blocks of flats and moving on to commercial property. In 1937, he built King Edward House on the site of his old school, which was rebuilt in Edgbaston close to the University of Birmingham. Other office blocks in the centre of Birmingham followed.
During World War II, he realised that there would be a huge demand for new buildings after the war. He moved to London, and bought a property company called Mansion House Chambers Ltd., which he then merged with another company called Chesham House (Regent Street) Ltd., the name of which was changed in 1955 to City Centre Properties. He persuaded the Pearl and the Legal & General insurance companies to become partners in his ventures. Barclays Bank joined in his overseas operations. In October 1960, City Centre Properties merged with Charles Clore\'s City and Central Investments to create one of the biggest property companies in the world. A year later, the group merged with Walter Flack\'s Murrayfield Real Estate Company, after previously owning one-third.
Cotton clashed with Clore and others and resigned as chairman in July 1963 following medical advice. He sold his shares for £8.5 million in November 1963 to Sir Isaac Wolfson, the chairman of Great Universal Stores and merchant bank Philp Hill, Higginson, Erlangers and became president but severed links with the group in February 1964.
The most important of Cotton\'s developments were the Big Top 3.5-acre site in Birmingham, the Notting Hill complex in London, and the Pan Am Building over the Grand Central Terminal in New York City.
Cotton was, like his father and grandfather, a prominent member of the Jewish community in Birmingham. He was vice-president and treasurer of its main synagogue (of which his grandfather was president). He contributed to many charities. The Cotton Terraces of London Zoo are named in his memory. He also founded a chair of architecture and fine arts at the Hebrew University and chairs of biochemistry at the Royal College of Surgeons and the Weizmann Institute.
Cotton died of heart disease on 21 March 1964 in Nassau, Bahamas. His son Derek also became a property developer
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# The Power of Darkness (1979 film)
***The Power of Darkness*** (*\'\'\'El poder de las tinieblas\'\'\'*) is a 1979 Argentine mystery-horror thriller film written and directed by Mario Sábato and starring Sergio Renán. It is based on the chapter named *Informe sobre ciegos* (\"Report on the Blind\"), from the novel *On Heroes and Tombs*, written by the father of the director, Ernesto Sábato. It was nominated for Best Film at the International Fantasy Film Award Fantasporto in 1982.
The film can be read as a clear metaphor for the State terrorism and violence produced by the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina at the time, the self-titled \"National Reorganization Process\" (1976--1983).
## Synopsis
A man (Renán) has discovered a global conspiracy made by blind people, but can not prove or convince others. So he decides to write a report for the record, in case something happens. The film takes place in dark places, during the night, such as subways and basements
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# Artyom Chelyadinsky
**Artyom Viktorovich Chelyadinsky** (*Арцём Віктаравіч Чалядзінскі*; *Артём Викторович Челядинский*; born 29 December 1977) is a Belarusian former professional footballer and Belarus international.
## Early life {#early_life}
Chelyadinsky was born in Minsk. Because of his father, he took up hockey at an early age. However, after getting meningitis, he started playing football instead.
## Career
After spending five years with Metalurh Zaporizhya, Chelyadinsky left for Tobol Kostanay in Kazakhstan
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# Morten Abel
**Morten Abel Knutsen** (born 15 October 1962), better known by his stage name **Morten Abel** is a Norwegian pop artist, and one of Norway\'s best-selling domestic artists.
## Career
Morten Abel was born and grew up near Bodø, but moved to Stavanger when he was 15 years old. There he became the lead singer of a band called Catrix, which soon changed their name to \"Mods\". They released two albums in Norwegian language in 1981 and 1982, and had a big hit with a song called \"Tore Tang\". A third album in English language was released in 1984.
After Mods split up, Abel released a solo single in 1985. Two years later he formed the band \"The September When\", which became very popular in Norway. The September When released four studio albums between 1989 and 1994. Two of their hits were \"Bullet Me\" and \"Cries Like A Baby\".
When The September When split in 1996, Abel formed a new band called \"Peltz\". They released one album. After Peltz, Abel started focusing on a solo career, and his first solo album *Snowboy* was released in 1997. Since then he has released a further four solo albums, which have all been very successful in Norway. Some of his biggest solo hits include \"Tulipz\", \"Be My Lover\", \"Trendsetter\" and \"Birmingham Ho\".
So far, Morten Abel has sold around 550,000 solo albums. The total album sales of all his projects is more than 1 million. Abel has also acted in two Norwegian movies, \"Hodet over vannet\" (1993) and \"Alt For Egil\" (2004).
In 2006, Morten Abel performed at the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo.
## Discography
### Mods
- *Revansj!* (1981)
- *Amerika* (1982)
- *Time Machine* (1984)
- *Originaler* (1992) - CD re-issue set of two first albums
- *Gje Meg Litt Merr: De Beste* (2006) - Best of, CD+DVD
### The September When {#the_september_when}
- *The September When* (1989)
- *Mother I\'ve Been Kissed* (1991)
- *One Eye Open* (1993)
- *HuggerMugger* (1994)
- *Prestige de la Norvége 89-96* (1996) - Best of
- *The Best of TSW* (2002) - Best of
- *Judas Kiss* (2008)
### Peltz
- *Coma* (1996)
### Solo album {#solo_album}
- *Snowboy* (1997)
- *Here We Go Then, You And I* (1999)
- *I\'ll Come Back And Love You Forever* (2001)
- *Being Everything, Knowing Nothing* (2003)
- *Morten Abel* (2004) - Best of, 2CD
- *Give Texas Back To Mexico* (2005) - Collection, Sweden only
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# Blue Commandos in Action
**Blue Commands in Action** (*Comandos azules en acción*) is an Argentine film shot in Eastmancolor, directed by Emilio Vieyra based on his own screenplay, written in collaboration with Gustavo Ghirardi, from an original idea by Emilio Vieyra. It was released on September 4, 1980, and the main actors were Jorge Martínez and Germán Kraus.
## Synopsis
A paramilitary group intervenes to prevent a crime in the fashion world.
## Cast
- Jorge Martínez ...Jorge \"Azul 1\" / Falso José María Seres Ruiz / Modelo / Ciego
- German Kraus ...Germán \"Azul 2\" / Mozo / Modelo
- Adriana Parets ...Directora de casa de modas
- Romualdo Quiroga ...El Profe
- Virginia Álvarez ...Mónica / Catalina
- Carlos Muñoz ...Falso científico
- Adrián \"Facha\" Martel ...Sr. Wemsley
- Tobito Martínez
- Titi Rodríguez
- Graciela Amor
- Joaquín Piñón
- Alfredo Lepore
- Mimí Ardu
- Arturo Noal
- Anamá Ferreyra
- Paula Domínguez
- Leo Sala
- Carlos Luna
- Beatriz Salomón
- Raúl Florido
- Daniel Lemes
- Isabel Salomón
- Rolando Dumas
- Emilio Vieyra ...El Jefe (cameo)
- Oscar Curet ...Mozo en la fiesta (cameo)
## Comments
Fernando G. Varea says that \"the films that exposed the Argentine military dictatorship most harshly were those aimed at children and families.\" S.E. in *Clarín* said, \"The story is almost identical to the previous one\... In this case, E. Vieyra, the author and director of the film, has conceived a tedious and vulgar book.\"
Manrupe and Portela write, \"This sequel copies all the constants of the previous one
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# Crucero de placer
***Crucero de placer*** is an Argentine film shot in Eastmancolor, directed by Carlos Borcosque Jr. based on the screenplay by Daniel Delbene. It was released on March 20, 1980, and stars Claudio García Satur, Juan Carlos Altavista, Ana María Cores, and Pedro Quartucci. It was partially filmed in the Paraná River Delta.
## Synopsis
The short journey two married men take to relax.
## Cast
- Claudio García Satur
- Juan Carlos Altavista
- Ana María Cores
- Pedro Quartucci
- Sandra Sandrini
- Juan Carlos de Seta
- Juan Carlos Puppo
- Roberto Carnaghi
- Patricio Contreras
- Mónica Elías
- Noemí Ceratto
- Katja Alemann
- Juan Manuel Tenuta
## Reception
Fernando Masllorens wrote in *Convicción*: \"A film to forget long before watching it.\"
*La Opinión* wrote: \"(Borcosque) now approaches comedy with humor, without vulgarity or vulgar situations, bringing the missing hotel to Argentine cinema: a floating one.\"
Manrupe and Portela write: \"Inconsequential comedy with successful escapist intentions, achieved only partially
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# Bobby Rosengarden
**Robert Marshall Rosengarden** (April 23, 1924 -- February 27, 2007) was an American jazz drummer, percussionist and bandleader. A native of Elgin, Illinois, United States, he played on many recordings and in television orchestras and talk show bands.
Rosengarden began playing drums when he was 12, and later studied at the University of Michigan. After playing drums in Army bands in World War II, he moved to New York City, working in several groups between 1945 and 1948, before becoming a busy studio musician. He played at NBC-TV (1949--1968) and ABC (1969--1974) on *The Steve Allen Show*, *The Ernie Kovacs Show*, *Sing Along With Mitch*, Johnny Carson\'s The Tonight Show Band, and led the band for *The Dick Cavett Show*.
Through the years, Rosengarden was an active studio musician, recording with Duke Ellington, Billie Holiday, Skitch Henderson, Quincy Jones, Peter Nero, Gil Evans, Miles Davis, Gerry Mulligan, Benny Goodman, Moondog, Dick Hyman, Arlo Guthrie, Carmen McRae, Ben E. King, Harry Belafonte, Barbra Streisand, Jimi Hendrix, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Walter Wanderley and Tony Bennett.
In later years, Rosengarden was most often heard as the drummer with a variety of all-star, swing-oriented groups, including Soprano Summit. He died of Alzheimer\'s disease in Sarasota, Florida, at the age of 82.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Robert \"Bobby\" Rosengarden was first married to Dorothy Kline and later remarried to Sharon Lee Rosier in 1985. Bobby is the father to two sons, Neil and Mark Rosengarden, who were raised in the village of Kings Point in Great Neck, New York. Rosengarden has four grandchildren.
## Discography
### As sideman {#as_sideman}
**With The Free Design**
- *Kites are Fun* (Project 3, 1967)
**With Stan Getz**
- *What the World Needs Now: Stan Getz Plays Burt Bacharach and Hal David* (Verve, 1968)
**With J. J
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# Departamento compartido
***Departamento compartido*** (*Shared apartment*) is a 1980 Argentine odd couple-styled comedy film.
## Plot
Alberto is a jeweler whose wife, Silvina, has kicked him out of his house because of his slovenly lifestyle. Having no other place to go, the newly divorced Albert asks his friend Mauricio if he can stay at his home. Mauricio is the owner of an imported car dealership and lives a very neat, routine, and quiet lifestyle---the opposite of Alberto. The entry of Alberto into Mauricio\'s life and their radically clashing personalities results in both awkward and hilarious situations
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# Dmytro Nevmyvaka
**Dmytro Nevmyvaka** (*Дмитро Васильович Невмивака*; born 19 March 1984) is a Ukrainian former professional football player. He started his career for FC Metalurh Zaporizhzhia in 2003
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# I Know You Want Me (Young Buck song)
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# Plasmodium eylesi
***Plasmodium eylesi*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Plasmodium*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. eylesi* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are mammals.
## Description
The parasite was first described by Warren *et al.* in 1965. and is named after the malariologist Dr. Don E. Eyles, Father of the Apollo computer engineer Don Eyles.
It is believed that this species is related to *Plasmodium hylobati*, *Plasmodium jefferyi* and *Plasmodium youngi* but this putative relationship awaits examination by DNA based methods.
The parasite prefers to infect reticulocytes but will infect older erythrocytes. Multiple infections like those of *Plasmodium falciparum* are common with up to six ring forms.
Almost immediately on infection the erythrocyte enlarges. Schüffner\'s dots are rapidly apparent. Pigment is scarce, granular and yellowish-brown.
Young schizonts almost fill the host cell except for small areas where Schüffner\'s dots may be found. Oval shaped forms may occur.
Each schizont may give rise to 20 - 34 merozoites (average: 25).
The mature macrogametocytes which stain a grayish-blue fill the enlarged host cell. Also present is a coarse, granular pigment which is scattered evenly throughout the parasite. The generally oval nucleus is deep staining and may have an adjacent vacuole.
The mature microgametocytes are found within an enlarged, circular to oval, host cell and take a deep brilliant reddish-purple stain. The nucleus stains slightly more deeply. Pigment is scattered throughout the cytoplasm.
The mature oocytes in the mosquito average 53 micrometres (μm) in size (range: 27 to 69 μm). Sporozoites appear in the salivary glands between day 9 and 10 and are infectious by day 12.
## Geographical occurrence {#geographical_occurrence}
This species is found in Malaysia.
## Clinical features and host pathology {#clinical_features_and_host_pathology}
Vertebrate hosts include the white-handed gibbon (*Hylobates lar*).
Mosquito vectors of this parasite include *Anopheles introlatus*, *Anopheles kochi*, *Anopheles lesteri*, *Anopheles letifer*, *Anopheles leucosphyrus*, *Anopheles maculatus*, *Anopheles roperi*, *Anopheles riparis macarthuri*, *Anopheles sinensis*, *Anopheles sundaicus*, *Anopheles umbrosus* and *Anopheles vagus*.
One case of possibly human infection is known. In 1968 Dr Gordon F. Bennett was bitten by an infected *Anopheles kochi*. After 15 days he developed a fever. Parasites were evident in his blood for a week. It was not possible to transfer the infection to a gibbon. Doubts remain about the cause of the fever because Dr Bennett had previous been infected by *Plasmodium cynomolgi* which is not known to be infectious to gibbons.
A second case reported in 1977 may have been a case of *P. eylesi* but the author was not certain of the infecting species
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# A Decade in the Grave
***A Decade In The Grave*** is a box set (4 CDs + 1 DVD) by death metal band Six Feet Under. It was released in 2005 on Metal Blade Records. Ten years after the formation of Six Feet Under, Metal Blade celebrated the band\'s longevity with *A Decade in the Grave*, a five-disc box set (four audio CDs plus a DVD). The first two discs is SFU\'s best-of, disc three contains rare demos as well as live performances, while the fourth disc contains demos and rehearsal material by Leviathan (the band Barnes sang for before Cannibal Corpse or SFU). The DVD offers a blend of videos and live performances. The box set also includes 4 new songs, \"Dead and Buried (Living Life in the Grave)\", \"From Flesh Bone\", \"A Knife Fight to the Death\", and \"Burned at the Stake\", the latter 3 being previously unreleased, and the former being recorded for the album.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
### CD 1 (Best Of Vol. 1) {#cd_1_best_of_vol._1}
1. \"Feasting On The Blood Of The Insane\"
2. \"Revenge Of The Zombies\"
3. \"Impulse To Disembowel\"
4. \"Bonesaw\"
5. \"Dead And Buried (Living Life In The Grave)\"
6. \"The Enemy Inside\"
7. \"Drowning\"
8. \"Silent Violence\"
9. \"Bringer Des Blutes (Live)\"
10. \"Brainwashed\"
11. \"When Skin Turns Blue\"
12. \"Rest In Pieces\"
13. \"Braindead\"
14. \"Murdered In The Basement\"
### CD 2 (Best Of Vol. 2) {#cd_2_best_of_vol._2}
1. \"Knife, Gun, Axe\"
2. \"War Is Coming\"
3. \"Shadow Of The Reaper\"
4. \"The Day The Dead Walked\"
5. \"Deathklaat\"
6. \"The Murderers\"
7. \"Decomposition Of The Human Race\"
8. \"Cadaver Mutilator\"
9. \"Hacked To Pieces\"
10. \"Remains Of You\"
11. \"Torture Killer\"
12. \"Lycanthropy\"
13. \"The Art Of Headhunting\"
14. \"This Graveyard Earth\"
### CD 3 (Rarities) {#cd_3_rarities}
1. \"Beneath A Black Sky (Demo)\"
2. \"Human Target (Demo)\"
3. \"Suffering In Ecstasy (Demo)\"
4. \"The Enemy Inside (Demo)\"
5. \"Tomorrow\'s Victim (Demo)\"
6. \"Ugly (Demo)\"
7. \"Claustrophobic (Demo)\"
8. \"From Flesh Bone\"
9. \"A Knife Fight To The Death\"
10. \"Burned At The Stake\"
11. \"War Is Coming (Live In San Francisco)\"
12. \"Brainwashed (Live In Albuquerque)\"
13. \"Human Target (Live In Golen)\"
14. \"Torture Killer (Live In San Francisco)\"
15. \"Revenge Of The Zombie (Live In San Francisco)\"
16. \"Lycanthropy (Live In San Francisco)\"
### CD 4 (Ten Years Before: Leviathan) {#cd_4_ten_years_before_leviathan}
1. \"Violent Slaughter\"
2. \"Destructive Aggressor\"
3. \"Lamentation Of Death\"
4. \"Leviathan\"
5. \"Asphyxiation\"
6. \"Tormented Nightmare\"
7. \"Blood Feast\"
8. \"Apocalyptic Rain\"
9. \"Bestial Deception\"
### DVD
1. \"Lycanthropy\"
2. \"Manipulation\"
3. \"Victim Of The Paranoid\"
4. \"The Day The Dead Walked\"
5. \"Amerika The Brutal\"
6. \"Bringer Of Blood\"
7. \"Dead And Buried\"
8. \"Shadow Of The Reaper\"
9. \"Shadow Of The Reaper (Live In Berlin 2005)\"
10. \"Murdered In Basement\"
11. \"When Skin Turns Blue\"
12. \"No Warning Shot\"
13. \"Feasting On The Blood Of The Insane\"
14. \"Victim Of The Paranoid\"
15. \"Deathklaat\"
16. \"The Day The Dead Walked\"
17. \"Hacked To Pieces\"
18. \"Hacked To Pieces (Live With Full Force 2004)\"
19
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# John Dungworth
**John Henry Dungworth** (born 30 March 1955) is an English former professional footballer and coach.
## Career
Born in Rotherham, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, Dungworth began his playing career at Huddersfield Town, where he signed schoolboy forms in 1969, and scored on his first-team début against Middlesbrough in 1972. He was then transferred to Oldham Athletic in 1975 followed by a successful spell at Aldershot, where he scored 66 goals in 118 games. In 1977--78 he scored 23 goals in 45 league games and was voted Supporters Player of the Year. The following season he was ever present, scoring 26 times to break the all time Shots record for league goals in a season. However some of his best performances in 1978--79 were in the FA Cup where Aldershot lost in a 5th Round Replay, with Dungworth scoring 8 times in the club\'s cup run to make him the second highest scorer in the country with 34 goals. He won the Golden Boot Award for being the leading marksman in the Fourth Division. He joined Shrewsbury Town in October 1979, a Football League Tribunal setting the fee at £100,000, a club record fee for Aldershot. At Shrewsbury, he struggled to repeat his past scoring records. Later he moved into the back four and ended his career as a centre-half at his home town club Rotherham United.
Since he ended his playing career, he has been a coach at Sheffield United and manager of Leeds United\'s academy. Subsequently, he rejoined Huddersfield Town, initially as reserve team coach, and then being appointed First Team Coach in December 2006, when Terry Yorath resigned due to ill health. He left on 3 April 2008, announced as by \'mutual consent\', following the departure of manager Andy Ritchie two days earlier. He joined Sheffield Wednesday in early 2009 with primary responsibility for coaching the reserve team, but departed in December 2009 along with manager Brian Laws
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# Andrew Wood of Largo
**Sir Andrew Wood of Largo** (died 1515) was a Scottish sea captain. Beginning as a merchant in Leith, he was involved in national naval actions and rose to become Lord High Admiral of Scotland. He was knighted c. 1495. He may have transported James III across the Firth of Forth to escape the rebels in 1488.
## Life
Andrew Wood\'s family lands were at Largo, Fife. The family are traditionally thought to be a branch of the Wood family from Bonnington or Bonnyton in Angus. Probably beginning his career as a merchant in Leith, he was knighted by James III and married Elizabeth Lundie.
According to tradition, Wood was given a grant of the lands of Largo around 1480, in return for the service of maintaining a ship to take the King and Queen on pilgrimages to the shrine and well of Saint Adrian on the Isle of May. It was believed that a visit to the shrine could help a woman become pregnant.
James IV confirmed the royal gift of the lands of Largo in July 1488. On 18 May 1491, James IV gave permission for the building of a castle with iron gates or \"yetts\" at Largo. Wood was keeper of Dunbar Castle and superintended the rebuilding and repairs in 1497. As a reward for his services at Dunbar in defence against the English army and fleet, James IV gave him lands in 1504, and on 21 August 1513, James IV made his lands a free barony. A clause of this grant stipulates that Wood should be ready to ferry James IV and Margaret Tudor to the Isle of May.
The Latin clause from the 1513 charter reads \"in peregrinationem nobiscum et cum carissima consorte nostra et successoribus nostris ad insulam de Mayo cum ad hoc requisiti fuerint\", which can be translated as \"to travel with us and with our dearest wife and our successors to the Isle of May whenever they shall be required for this purpose\".
His heir was Andrew Wood. Another son, John Wood was assassinated in 1570. Andrew Wood is the subject of the historical novel *The Admiral* by Nigel Tranter.
## Naval career {#naval_career}
Andrew Wood\'s naval exploits feature in the chronicle of Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie which credits his family as one of its sources.
Wood began his naval career as a privateer under James III (reigned 1460--1488), and flourished under James IV (reigned 1488--1513). By 1489 he was master of the king\'s ship the *Flower* and the *Yellow Carvel*. The Scottish ships fought and captured five English ships offshore near Dunbar. In response, the English launched a larger expedition the following year under Stephen Bull, which attacked Wood\'s ships in the Firth of Forth. The fight lasted two days (stopping only at night) and was watched by crowds in Edinburgh. Wood eventually triumphed, despite being outnumbered in ships and guns, and Bull\'s ships were captured. James IV knighted Wood following this battle, and allowed him to impress some of the captured English sailors, who later were put to work build the castle at Largo. Sir Andrew was the first Captain of James IV\'s carrack, the *Great Michael,* which when constructed was the largest ship in Christendom
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# Dmytro Mykhaylenko
Dmitry Mikhaylenko}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox football biography
| name = Dmytro Mykhaylenko<br>Дмитро Михайленко
| image = Dmytro Mykhaylenko 2016.jpg
| upright = 1.2
| full_name = Dmytro Stanislavovych Mykhaylenko
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1973|7|13}}
| birth_place = [[Kropyvnytskyi|Kirovohrad]], [[Ukrainian SSR]], USSR
| height = 1.90 m
| position = [[Defensive midfielder]]
| currentclub =
| youthyears1 = -1990
| youthclubs1 = OShISP Dnipropetrovsk
| years1 = 1990
| clubs1 = [[FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi|Zirka Kirovohrad]]
| caps1 = 7
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 1990–1994
| clubs2 = [[FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk|Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk]]
| caps2 = 61
| goals2 = 11
| years3 = 1994–2001
| clubs3 = [[FC Dynamo Kyiv|Dynamo Kyiv]]
| caps3 = 132
| goals3 = 16
| years4 = 1996–2001
| clubs4 = → [[FC Dynamo-2 Kyiv|Dynamo-2 Kyiv]]
| caps4 = 75
| goals4 = 22
| years5 = 1998–2001
| clubs5 = → [[FC Dynamo-3 Kyiv|Dynamo-3 Kyiv]]
| caps5 = 4
| goals5 = 0
| years6 = 2001
| clubs6 = [[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]]
| caps6 = 14
| goals6 = 2
| years7 = 2001–2002
| clubs7 = [[Beitar Jerusalem F.C.|Beitar Jerusalem]]
| caps7 = 23
| goals7 = 3
| years8 = 2002–2006
| clubs8 = [[FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk|Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk]]
| caps8 = 73
| goals8 = 5
| years9 = 2006–2007
| clubs9 = [[FC Metalurh Zaporizhzhia|Metalurh Zaporizhzhia]]
| caps9 = 19
| goals9 = 0
| years10 = 2007–2009
| clubs10 = [[APOP Kinyras Peyias FC|APOP Kinyras Peyias]]
| caps10 = 44
| goals10 = 3
| totalcaps = 455
| totalgoals = 63
| nationalyears1 = 1991
| nationalteam1 = USSR U20
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| nationalyears2 = 1992–1995
| nationalteam2 = [[Ukraine national under-21 football team|Ukraine U21]]
| nationalcaps2 =
| nationalgoals2 =
| nationalyears3 = 1994–2000
| nationalteam3 = [[Ukraine national football team|Ukraine]]
| nationalcaps3 = 23
| nationalgoals3 = 2
| manageryears1 = 2009–2010
| managerclubs1 = [[FC Dnipro|Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk]] (U21, assistant)
| manageryears2 = 2010–2016
| managerclubs2 = [[FC Dnipro|Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk]] (U21)
| manageryears3 = 2016–2017
| managerclubs3 = [[FC Dnipro|Dnipro]] (caretaker)
| manageryears4 = 2017–2020
| managerclubs4 = [[SC Dnipro-1|Dnipro-1]]
| manageryears5 = 2020–2021
| managerclubs5 = [[Pafos FC|Pafos]]
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}}
{{Medal|Country|{{fb|URS}}}}
{{Medal|Comp|[[FIFA U-20 World Cup|FIFA World Youth Championship]]}}
{{Medal|B|[[1991 FIFA World Youth Championship|1991 Portugal]]|}}
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Dmytro Stanislavovych Mykhaylenko** (*Дмитро Станіславович Михайленко*; born 13 July 1973) is a Ukrainian football manager and former player. He played as a defensive midfielder.
His son Ivan is also a player, a forward; his older brother Oleksandr played for FC Zirka Kirovohrad and FC Oleksandriya.
## International career {#international_career}
Mykhaylenko won the bronze medal in the FIFA World Youth Championship 1991 with the Soviet Union U20 national team at the age of 17.
He was in the squad of the Ukraine U21 national team which finished second in 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship Qualifying round group 4.
He made his senior debut with Ukraine against Israel, 27 April 1993.
## Media career {#media_career}
Upon retiring from football, Mykhaylenko became a commentator for Ukrainian Premier League football matches, debuting on 25 July 2009 in the home match of Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk - Metalist Kharkiv, in which Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk won 2--0.
## Managerial career {#managerial_career}
On 30 June 2016, Mykhaylenko was appointed acting head coach of Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk\'s first team, and later moved to the newly created Dnipro-1 together with the coaching staff.
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# Dmytro Mykhaylenko
## Career statistics {#career_statistics}
### Club
Club Season League National cup
----------------------- ------------ ------------------------ ------ ------- -------------- -------
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Zirka Kirovohrad 1990 Soviet Second League B 7 0 ---
Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk 1990 Reserves --- ---
1991 Soviet Top League 9 1 1 0
1992 Vyshcha Liha 1 0 ---
1992--93 Vyshcha Liha 19 3 2 1
1993--94 Vyshcha Liha 32 7 3 2
Total 61 11 6 3
Dynamo Kyiv 1994--95 Vyshcha Liha 25 5 2 2
1995--96 Vyshcha Liha 32 1 5 1
1996--97 Vyshcha Liha 25 4 2 0
1997--98 Vyshcha Liha 23 0 7 0
1998--99 Vyshcha Liha 12 1 2 0
1999--2000 Vyshcha Liha 10 5 2 1
2000--01 Vyshcha Liha 5 0 1 0
Total 132 16 21 4
Dynamo-2 Kyiv 1996--97 Persha Liha 8 1 ---
1997--98 Persha Liha 22 8 ---
1998--99 Persha Liha 9 2 ---
1999--2000 Persha Liha 15 3 ---
2000--01 Persha Liha 14 7 ? 2
2001--02 Persha Liha 7 1 ---
Total 75 22 ? 2
Dynamo-3 Kyiv 1998--99 Druha Liha 1 0 ---
1999--2000 Druha Liha 2 0 ---
2001--02 Druha Liha 1 0 ---
Hapoel Tel Aviv 2000--01 Israeli Premier League 14 2 ---
Beitar Jerusalem 2001--02 Israeli Premier League 23 3 ---
Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk 2002--03 Vyshcha Liha 28 4 6 1
2003--04 Vyshcha Liha 18 0 6 4
2004--05 Vyshcha Liha 15 0 5 2
2005--06 Vyshcha Liha 12 1 3 0
Total 134 16 26 10
Metalurh Zaporizhia 2006--07 Vyshcha Liha 19 0 ---
APOP Kinyras 2007--08 Cypriot First Division 25 1 ---
2008--09 Cypriot First Division 19 2 ---
Total 44 3 ---
Career total 452 62 47 16
: Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
### International
National team Year Apps Goals
--------------- ------ ------ -------
Ukraine 1993 3 1
1994 5 1
1995 0 0
1996 3 0
1997 8 0
1998 2 0
1999 0 0
2000 2 0
Total 23 2
: Appearances and goals by national team and year
: *Scores and results list Ukraine\'s goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Mykhaylenko goal.*
No
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# Severance Hospital
**Severance Hospital** is a teaching hospital located in Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun District, South Korea. It is one of the oldest and biggest university hospitals in South Korea. It has 2,437 beds and treats approximately 2,500,000 outpatients and 840,000 inpatients annually.
The hospital was founded as a royal hospital in 1885 by Horace N. Allen which was then restructured as Severance Hospital by Oliver R. Avison, a Canadian medical missionary with the advisory of Underwood, his role model and financial assistance from Louis H. Severance. On September 23, 1904, Avison\'s hospital, Severance Hospital and College, first opened its doors. Since 1957 it has been affiliated with Yonsei University College of Medicine, and is part of the Yonsei University Health System.
## History
This is the oldest Western-style hospital in the country, founded in 1885 as a royal hospital named \"*Gwanghyewon*\" (`{{korean|hangul=광혜원|hanja=廣惠院}}`{=mediawiki}) by Horace N. Allen, an American doctor and medical missionary. Both Presbyterian and Methodist medical and educational missionaries from the United States were active in Korea for decades.
This was renamed Severance Hospital on 3 September 1904 after a generous American donor, Louis Severance, of Standard Oil. In the same year, the hospital added Severance Hospital Medical School and the attached School of Nursing. After 1910, when Japan took over rule of Korea, it added new requirements for hospitals and staff which the missionaries, in some cases, struggled to meet. In 1954, Florence J. Murray, a Canadian medical missionary became superintendent of Severance. Under her leadership, surgical services expanded and the hospital merged with Chosun Christian Hospital to form Yonsei University. Murray would later lead Wonju United Christian Hospital which she would merge with Yonsei to form the Yonsei University Wonju Campus.
In 1947, after the end of World War II and Japanese rule of Korea, the medical school was upgraded to \"Severance Medical College\". On 5 January 1957, the Severance Medical College was united with Yonhee University under the name of \"Yonsei University\"
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# Andriy Demchenko
**Andriy Anatoliyovych Demchenko** (*Андрій Анатолійович Демченко*; born 20 August 1976) is a Ukrainian football coach and former player who most recently worked as head coach of Georgian club Dinamo Batumi. He played as an attacking midfielder or forward.
## Club career {#club_career}
Playing football Demchenko started out in his native Zaporizhzhia where his first coach (trainer) was Borys Zozulya and Viktor Vysochyn. When Demchenko turned 13, his new trainer was Anatoliy Vasyleha who coached him before Demchenko moved to Moscow. During his teenage years Demchenko was spotted by Gennadiy Kostylev, a Soviet Union national team coach, and Demchenko participated in some international tournaments among junior teams. During dissolution of the Soviet Union, in 1990 Demchenko was invited as a prospect player to play for PFC CSKA Moscow where Kostylev also became the club\'s manager.
At the 1994 European U-18 Championship Demchenko, playing for the Russia national team, became a top scorer of the tournament. At that tournament played such football personalities like Raúl, Fernando Morientes, Míchel Salgado, Lars Ricken, Francesco Totti and others. Following the European championship Ajax offered \$1 million Moscow team for the 17-year-old Demchenko and both player and club agreed. At Ajax, Demchenko mostly sat on the bench and had limited amount of playing experience. Following end of contract with the Dutch club, he returned to Zaporizhzhia where he joined Metalurh Zaporizhzhia
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# Domnall ua Néill
**Domhnall ua Néill** (old spelling: *Domnall ua Néill*; anglicised as **Donal O\'Neill**) (died 980) was High King of Ireland from 956 to 980.
Domnall was the son of Muirchertach mac Néill, and grandson of Niall Glúndub, a member of the Cenél nEógain northern Uí Néill. He became co-King of Ailech with his brother Flaithbertach ua Néill on the death of his father in 943. He became High King of Ireland on the death of his maternal cousin Congalach Cnogba of the southern Uí Néill sept of the Síl nÁedo Sláine.
Domnall is considered to have been an effective ruler who introduced military reforms later credited to Brian Boru. Much of his reign was spent in war against his sister Dúnflaith\'s husband Amlaíb Cuarán, the King of Dublin. In 980 he abdicated and entered the monastery Armagh where he died shortly afterwards.
Domnall was called \"High King of Ireland\" (*ard-rí Érenn*) in his obituary, and was the last of his family to hold the title. He was succeeded by Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill of Clann Cholmáin.
Domnall\'s children included Muiredach, whose son Lochlann may have been the ancestor of Domnall Ua Lochlainn, and Muirchertach, ancestor of the O\'Neills of Tír Eógain. His grandson Flaithbertach Ua Néill was King of Ailech and the leading figure among the Uí Néill, certainly from the death of Máel Sechnaill in 1022, if not earlier
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# Oleh Karamushka
**Oleh Oleksandrovych Karamushka** (*Олег Карамушка*; born 30 April 1984) is a Ukrainian former football defender.
## Club career {#club_career}
### Early years {#early_years}
Karamushka is a product of Dnipro Cherkasy youth school system.
### Tavriya Simferopol {#tavriya_simferopol}
On 19 August 2008, Karamushka signed a two-year contract with Tavriya Simferopol as a free agent.
## International career {#international_career}
Karamushka was a member of the Ukrainian national youth teams
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# Serhiy Silyuk
**Serhiy Silyuk** (born 5 June 1985) is a Ukrainian former football forward
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# Serhiy Yashchenko
**Serhiy Volodymyrovych Yashchenko** (*Сергій Володимирович Ященко*; born 25 June 1959) is a Ukrainian football manager and former player.
## Career
Yashchenko was noticed by coach Boris Kopeikin during his military service and recommended to CSKA Moscow where he spent the 1981 season in the shadow of Aleksandr Tarkhanov, playing only a couple of matches. He then went back to his native Ukraine and to Shakhtar, winning the 1983 Soviet Cup and the 1984 Soviet Super Cup. He played a total of 14 seasons with Shakhtar and won, after the collapse of the USSR, the 1995 Ukrainian Cup.
Yashchenko played couple of friendly matches for the Soviet Olympic football team in 1986 against Czechoslovakia and Sweden. He never played in official competitions for the team.
He became head coach of Ukrainian side FC Metalurh Zaporizhzhya in 2006 and guided them to the first round of the UEFA Cup and a 2--1 aggregate defeat to Panathinaikos FC. He left Zaporizhzhya in April 2007 and took up a position as reserve team coach at FC Metalurh Donetsk. Following the resignation of Jos Daerden as Metalurh head coach in early December 2007, Yashchenko assumed caretaker manager duties at the club before becoming the permanent manager two weeks later
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# Eskdale, North Yorkshire
**Eskdale** is a valley running west to east from Westerdale on the North York Moors to Whitby on the Yorkshire Coast of England. Formed during the last major ice age, it has a classic U-shaped valley formation caused by the action of glaciers carving away the rock. Eskdale is named after its river which in Celtic means water or stream. The dale carries the River Esk from the \"Esklets\" above Westerdale to the sea at Whitby. The tops of its steep-sided valleys are noted for their heather moorland, whilst below the land is mainly split between pasture for cows and Swaledale sheep and arable crops such as oilseed rape.
The Esk Valley Walk is a walk covering 35 mi starting from the head of the Esk through the valley and down to Whitby. Eskdale School in Whitby is named after the valley.
The Esk Valley railway line runs through Eskdale from Commondale eastwards towards Whitby and is named after the dale.
The river flows through the narrow valley that the water has cut into the soft shale of the Jurassic rocks. Because of this, the rainfall can cause rapid flooding like those suffered in 1840, 1930 and in 2000. The 1930 flood caused many problems including destroying the bridge over the river in Sleights. The A169 road bridge that runs over the Esk in Sleights village dates from 1937.
A natural gas accumulation is present in the Permian dolomitic limestones at Eskdale. Natural gas from this field was used in the 1960s and 1970s by the former North Eastern Gas Board to supply Whitby and other local towns
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# Danny Mathijssen
**Danny Mathijssen** (born 17 March 1983) is a Dutch football manager and former professional player. He is the head coach of Derde Klasse club Victoria \'03.
## Career
Born in Bergen op Zoom, Mathijssen played professionally as a midfielder for Willem II, AZ, RKC Waalwijk and NAC Breda.
After retiring from playing due to injury in 2009, Mathijssen worked as a coach at RBC Roosendaal, before becoming manager of amateur team METO in 2011, a team he had previously played youth football for. He returned as head coach of RBC in 2016, leading the team from the Vierde Klasse to the Derde Klasse, before being dismissed after the 2017--18 season. In 2019, he joined Derde Klasse club Victoria \'03. On 9 November 2021, he announced that he would leave the club at the end of the 2021--22 season
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# Beaumont station
**Beaumont station** is an Amtrak station in Beaumont, Texas, served by the *Sunset Limited*.
## History
The current station building and adjacent police substation were constructed in 2012 and opened on September 14 of that year. An earlier station building on the site sustained damage in Hurricane Rita in 2005. That building was removed and only a concrete platform was left for six years until the current replacement station was built. A portion of the construction funds for the current station was from \$1.2 million in federal stimulus funding. Work was completed in January, 2012. The station is constructed of red brick and has an enclosed waiting room. A 550 ft platform was also constructed.
The city of Beaumont built a police substation with public restrooms on the site adjacent to the current train station at the same time
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# Electric sail
An **electric sail** (also known as an **electric solar wind sail** or an **E-sail**) is a proposed form of spacecraft propulsion using the dynamic pressure of the solar wind as a source of thrust. It creates a \"virtual\" sail by using small wires to form an electric field that deflects solar wind protons and extracts their momentum. The idea was first conceptualised by Pekka Janhunen in 2006 at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.
## Principles of operation and design {#principles_of_operation_and_design}
thumb\|upright=1.4\|Principles of operation of an electrical sail The electric sail consists of a number of thin, long and conducting tethers which are kept in a high positive potential by an onboard electron gun. The positively charged tethers deflect solar wind protons, thus extracting momentum from them. Simultaneously they attract electrons from the solar wind plasma, producing an electron current. The electron gun compensates for the arriving electric current.
One way to deploy the tethers is to rotate the spacecraft, using centrifugal force to keep them stretched. By fine-tuning the potentials of individual tethers and thus the solar wind force individually, the spacecraft\'s attitude can be controlled.
E-sail missions can be launched at almost any time with only minor variations in travel time. By contrast, conventional slingshot missions must wait for the planets to reach a particular alignment.
The electric solar wind sail has little in common with the traditional solar sail. The E-sail gets its momentum from the solar wind ions, whilst a photonic sail is propelled by photons. Thus, the available pressure is only about 1% of photon pressure; however, this may be compensated by the simplicity of scale-up. In the E-sail, the part of the sail is played by straightened conducting tethers (made of wires) which are placed radially around the host ship. The wires are electrically charged and thus an electric field is created around the wires. The electric field of the wires extends a few dozen metres into the surrounding solar wind plasma. The penetration distance depends on the solar wind plasma density and it scales as the plasma Debye length. Because the solar wind electrons affect the electric field (similarly to the photons on a traditional solar sail), the effective electric radius of the tethers is based on the electric field that is generated around the tether rather than the actual tether itself. This fact also makes it possible to manoeuvre by regulating the tethers\' electric charge.
A full-sized sail would have 50--100 straightened tethers with a length of about 20 km each.
Compared to a reflective solar light sail, another propellantless deep space propulsion system, the electric solar wind sail could continue to accelerate at greater distances from the Sun, still developing thrust as it cruises toward the outer planets. By the time it reaches the ice giants, it may have accumulated as much as 20 km/s velocity, which is on par with the *New Horizons* probe, but without gravity assists.
In order to minimise damage to the thin tethers from micrometeoroids, the tethers would be formed from multiple strands, 25--50 micrometers in diameter, welded together at regular intervals. Thus, even if one wire were severed, a conducting path along the full length of the braided wire would remain in place. The feasibility of using ultrasonic welding was demonstrated at the University of Helsinki in January 2013.
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# Electric sail
## Development history {#development_history}
thumb\|upright=1.4\|Graphical overview electric sail development
Academy of Finland has been funding electric sail development since 2007.
To test the technology, a new European Union-backed electric sail study project was announced by the FMI in December 2010. The EU funding contribution was 1.7 million euros. Its goal was to build laboratory prototypes of the key components, it involved five European countries and ended in November 2013. In the EU evaluation, the project got the highest marks in its category. An attempt was made to test the working principles of the electric sail in low Earth orbit in the Estonian nanosatellite ESTCube-1 (2013-2015), but there was a technical failure and the attempt was unsuccessful. The piezoelectric motor used to unfurl the sail failed to turn the reel. In subsequent ground-based testing, a likely reason for the failure was found in a slipring contact which was likely physically damaged by launch vibration.
An international research team that includes Janhunen received funding through a 2015 NIAC Phase II solicitation for further development at NASA\'s Marshall Space Flight Center. Their research project is called \'Heliopause Electrostatic Rapid Transit System\' (HERTS). The Heliopause Electrostatic Rapid Transit System (HERTS) concept is currently being tested. For HERTS, it might take only 10 to 15 years to make the trip of over 100 astronomical units (15 billion kilometers). In the HERTS concept, multiple, 20 kilometer or so long, 1 millimeter thin, positively charged wires would be extended from a rotating spacecraft.
A new satellite launched in June 2017, the Finnish Aalto-1 nanosatellite, currently in orbit, will test the electric sail for deorbiting in 2019.
In 2017, Academy of Finland granted Centre of Excellence funding for 2018--2025 to a team that includes Janhunen and members from universities, to establish a *Finnish Centre of Excellence in Research of Sustainable Space*.
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# Electric sail
## Intrinsic limitations {#intrinsic_limitations}
Almost all Earth-orbiting satellites are inside Earth\'s magnetosphere. However, the electric sail cannot be used inside planetary magnetospheres because the solar wind does not penetrate them, allowing only slower plasma flows and magnetic fields. Instead, inside a planetary magnetosphere, the electric sail may function as a brake, allowing deorbiting of satellites.
Like for other solar sail technologies, while modest variation of the thrust direction can be achieved by inclining the sail, the thrust vector always points more or less radially outward from the Sun. It has been estimated`{{by whom|date=January 2016}}`{=mediawiki} that maximum operational inclination would be 60°, resulting in a thrusting angle of 30° from the outward radial direction. However, like with the sails of a ship, tacking could be used for changing the trajectory. Interstellar ships approaching a sun might use solar wind flow for braking.
## Applications
- Fast missions (\>`{{sp}}`{=mediawiki}50 km/s or 10 AU) out of the Solar System and heliosphere with small or modest payload
- As a brake for a small interstellar probe which has been accelerated to high speed by some other means such as laser lightsail
- Inward-spiralling missions to study the Sun at a closer distance
- Two-way missions to inner Solar System objects such as asteroids
- Off-Lagrange point solar wind monitoring spacecraft for predicting space weather with a longer warning time than 1 hour
### Fast missions to planet Uranus {#fast_missions_to_planet_uranus}
Janhunen et al. have proposed a mission to Uranus powered by an electric sail. The mission could reach its destination in about the same time that the earlier *Galileo* space probe required to arrive at Jupiter, just over one fourth as far away. *Galileo* took 6 years to reach Jupiter at a cost of \$1.6 billion, while *Cassini-Huygens* took 7 years to get to Saturn and cost almost as much. The sail is expected to consume 540 watts, producing about 0.5 newtons accelerating the craft by about 1 mm/s^2^. The craft would reach a velocity of about 20 km/s by the time it reaches Uranus, 6 years after launch. The downside is that the electric sail cannot be used as a brake, so the craft arrives at a speed of 20 km/s, limiting the missions to flybys or atmospheric entry missions. Braking would require a conventional chemical rocket.
The proposed craft has three parts: the E-sail module with solar panels and reels to hold the wires; the main body, including chemical thrusters for adjusting trajectory en route and at destination and communications equipment; and a research module to enter Uranus\'s atmosphere and make measurements for relay to Earth via the main body
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# Georgia State Route 247
**State Route 247** (**SR 247**) is a 43.2 mi south--north state highway located in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. Its routing is within portions of Pulaski, Houston, and Bibb counties. It originates in the northwestern part of Hawkinsville, and it concludes in the northwestern section of Macon.
## Route description {#route_description}
SR 247 commences at an intersection with US 129/US 341/SR 11 (Perry Highway) northwest of Hawkinsville, in Pulaski County. US 129/SR 247 head northwest concurrently, enter Houston County, and curve to the north at an intersection with SR 247 Spur, east of Perry. In Kathleen, Georgia is an intersection with SR 127. US 129/SR 247 meet SR 96 in Bonaire. In Warner Robins, across from Robins Air Force Base, is SR 247 Connector. The concurrency enters Bibb County before passing Middle Georgia Regional Airport a short distance south-southeast of an intersection with US 41/SR 11/SR 49. Those three highways join the concurrency to the north. The five highways later run through Rutland as they pass over a bridge for a former Central of Georgia Railway line, and then turn north again where they encounter an interchange with Houston Avenue, a former segment of US 41/SRs 11/49. From that point on, the street name along this concurrency is Houston Road. Later, the routes enters some marshland which includes bridges with Tobesofkee Creek and Rocky Creek before finally entering Macon, Georgia where it approaches a major intersection. US 41/SR 247 head to the northwest, Houston Avenue heads north, and US 129/SR 11/SR 49, as well as US 41 Business (which begins here), head to the northeast. US 41/SR 247 have an interchange with Interstate 75 (I-75) and SR 540. Farther to the north, they intersect US 80/SR 22, and then SR 74, before meeting US 41 Business/SR 19. There, US 41/SR 19 head northwest, while SR 247 heads north alone. It meets US 23/SR 87, just before meeting its northern terminus, a second interchange with I-75.
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
## Special routes {#special_routes}
### State Route 247 Spur {#state_route_247_spur}
**State Route 247 Spur** (**SR 247 Spur**) is a 3.1 mi spur route connecting US 341/SR 11 southeast of Perry with US 129/SR 247 east of the city.
SR 247 Spur isn\'t part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the nation\'s economy, defense, and mobility.
### State Route 247 Connector {#state_route_247_connector}
**State Route 247 Connector** (**SR 247 Connector**) is a 11.5 mi connecting route of SR 247 that connects SR 49/SR 540 northeast of Fort Valley (in the unincorporated community of Powersville) with US 129/SR 247 in Warner Robins.
SR 247 Conn. isn\'t part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the nation\'s economy, defense, and mobility
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# May Day (Matthew Ryan album)
***May Day*** is Matthew Ryan\'s debut album. It was released in 1997 on A&M Records.
## Background
Audio Engineer, Jim Ebert reflected: "*In the mid 90s, I had the pleasure of recording Matthew Ryan's Debut album "Mayday" on A+M records. We recorded the record in NY, LA and Nashville using some of the finest recording gear available. We used 2 inch tape for the whole record, as most people did then. I used lots of equipment to get a very rugged natural sound but the biggest example of this was the song "Certainly Never".*
*Matthew and I talked about the production on "Certainly Never" and he wanted a very room like, no frills sound for the song. At the time we were recording at Bearsville Recording Studio and I had access to the finest microphones and gear around.*
*The track consisted of Matthew playing piano and singing and Dave Ricketts playing Stratocaster (I believe) across the room about 20 feet away. Keeping with the spirit of the song, I took one AKG 414 and put it into the figure 8 pattern. I had Matthew and Dave play half the song, then I moved the mic a bit for vocal piano blend (still using the figure 8 pattern) and adjusted Dave's amp volume a bit. I then had them play the song again. Was it perfect? No... Was it the right vibe?..... I believe it's one of Matthew's favourite on the Record. The lesson here is? Don't over-think.*"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All words and music by Matthew Ryan, except where noted.
1. \"Guilty\" -- 4:53
2. \"Watch Your Step\" -- 4:41
3. \"Irrelevant\" -- 4:01
4. \"The Dead Girl\" -- 3:46
5. \"Chrome\" -- 4:44
6. \"Lights of the Commodore Barry\" -- 4:16
7. \"Disappointed\" (Matthew Ryan, Will Webb) -- 3:39
8. \"Beautiful Fool\" -- 4:32
9. \"Railroaded\" -- 3:52
10. \"Dam\" -- 4:23
11. \"Comfort\" -- 5:40
12
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# Double Dead
***Double Dead (Redux)*** is a CD/DVD Set by death metal band Six Feet Under. It was released in 2003 on Metal Blade Records.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
### CD
1. \"The Day The Dead Walked\"
2. \"The Murderers\"
3. \"Waiting For Decay\"
4. \"Impulse To Disembowel\"
5. \"Feasting On The Blood Of The Insane\"
6. \"No Warning Shot\"
7. \"Silent Violence\"
8. \"The Enemy Inside\"
9. \"Victim Of The Paranoid\"
10. \"Journey Into Darkness\"
11. \"Revenge Of The Zombie\"
12. \"Manipulation\"
13. \"Torn To The Bone\"
14. \"4:20\"
15. \"Bonesaw\"
16. \"Hacked To Pieces\"
### DVD
1. \"The Day The Dead Walked\"
2. \"The Murderers\"
3. \"Waiting For Decay\"
4. \"Impulse To Disembowel\"
5. \"Feasting On The Blood Of The Insane\"
6. \"No Warning Shot\"
7. \"Silent Violence\"
8. \"The Enemy Inside\"
9. \"Victim Of The Paranoid\"
10. \"Manipulation\"
11. \"Torn To The Bone\"
12. \"4:20\"
13. \"Bonesaw\"
14. \"Torture Killer\"
## Double Dead (CD/DVD Set) {#double_dead_cddvd_set}
***Double Dead*** is a CD/DVD Set by death metal band Six Feet Under. It was released in 2002 on Metal Blade Records
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# Rowell Huesmann
**Rowell Huesmann** is the Amos N. Tversky Collegiate Professor Emeritus of Communication Studies and Psychology, and Director, ISR Research Center for Group Dynamics at the University of Michigan.
Huesmann is best known for his emphasis on imitation and observational learning as primary psychological mechanisms promoting the development of aggressive and violent behavior and promoting the *contagion of violence*. His several longitudinal studies conducted with Leonard Eron and Eric Dubow have shown that more aggressive children grow up to be more aggressive adults and that exposure to violence as a child (including exposure to neighborhood, war, or media violence) is a risk factor for later violent behavior. Prior to coming to Michigan Huesmann was on the faculty of the University of Illinois at Chicago (1973--1992) and Yale University (1968--1973). Huesmann received his Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University in 1969 and his B.S. from the University of Michigan in 1964
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# List of people from Ashtabula, Ohio
This is a chronological list of people who were born in, have been residents of, or have been otherwise closely associated with the city of Ashtabula, Ohio, United States, and its surrounding metropolitan area, including Ashtabula County.
Individuals not born in Ashtabula are denoted with an asterisk (\*).
- (1795--1864) Joshua Reed Giddings, politician \*
- (1800--1864) Platt Rogers Spencer, teacher, penmanship innovator \*
- (1800--1878) Benjamin Wade, U.S. Senator \*
- (1810--1876) Betsy Mix Cowles, feminist and abolitionist \*
- (1817--1883) Charles Case, U.S. Representative \*
- (1825--1909) Matthew Turner, shipbuilder
- (1835--1905) Decius Wade, the \"father of Montana jurisprudence\"
- (1838--1905) Albion W. Tourgée, soldier, lawyer, judge, novelist, diplomat
- (1841--1919) Louis C. Shepard, Union Navy sailor
- (1857--1933) Francis Joseph Hall, theologian
- (1858--1942) Jesse Fuller McDonald, civil engineer, surveyor
- (1862--1924) Chester Hardy Aldrich, Governor of Nebraska
- (1880--1942) T-Bone Slim, songwriter, hobo, IWW labor activist
- (1893--1967) Charles E. Burchfield, artist
- (1906--1975) Pete Rasmus, athlete
- (1922--2008) Maila Nurmi, actress \*
- (1925--2016) Ken Meyer, football coach
- (born 1943) Don Novello, actor and comedian
- (born 1954) Mark Wagner, professional baseball player, Detroit Tigers, Oakland A\'s, Texas Rangers; Triple A coach
- (born 1964) Urban F
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# Marianna Longa
**Marianna Longa** (born 26 August 1979 in Tirano) is an Italian cross-country skier from Livigno. She started her professional career in 1997, and her first appearance in a world cup race was on 17 March 2000 in Bormio. Longa is currently part of the Fiamme Gialle, and the Italian cross-country national team. Longa is also a strong runner. She retired from cross-country skiing after the 2010--11 season.
## Biography
### Early life {#early_life}
In the early ages she excelled in all the major national, and international races. She approached the professional level at the age of 18, in 1997. In her first year, she obtained ninth place in the 5 km freestyle, at the 1997 FIS Junior World Ski Championships in Canmore, Canada.
In 1999, she achieved a podium position at the FIS Junior World Ski Championships in Saalfelden, Austria with a [3rd place in the 5 km C](https://web.archive.org/web/20110628222206/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/610.html?sector=CC&competitorid=35834&raceid=1473), a race where athletes like Marit Bjørgen, Petra Majdič, and Aino-Kaisa Saarinen were also competing. Longa also earned great results in the Continental Cup, including the win at the 5 km classical stage in Candanchu, Spain where she preceded Majdič\|.
### World Cup debut {#world_cup_debut}
Between 2000 and 2001 she was competing in both the Continental Cup, and the World Cup. The top result was a second position in the 5 km classical in Schonach, Germany in the Continental Cup. She ended the 2001 season in 85th position in the overall World Cup standings.
**Winter Olympics and World Ski Championships Debuts**
In the 2002 Winter Olympics, in Salt Lake City, at the age of 22, she obtained 6th position in the 4 × 5 km relay, and a 20th position in the 10 km classical. She ended the 2002 season in 80th position in the World Cup overall standings
In the 2003 World Ski Championships, in Val di Fiemme, she finished 7th in the 4 × 5 km relay and 11th in the [15 km C Mass start](https://web.archive.org/web/20110628222226/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/610.html?sector=CC&raceid=4731). Longa ended the 2003 season in 51st position in the world cup overall standing achieving a 7th place in the 10 km classical mass start as top result.
### Pregnancy and return to competitions 2004 - 2008 {#pregnancy_and_return_to_competitions_2004___2008}
Between the 2004 and 2006 she did not obtain major results as a consequence of her pregnancy, announced in February 2005. In the 2007 World Ski Championship, in Sapporo, Japan, she obtained eight position in the [15 km M Pursuit](https://web.archive.org/web/20070303063535/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/610.html?sector=CC&raceid=12594), and sixth in the 4 × 5 km relay. The best individual result in 2007 is fifth place in the 10 km classical in Otepaeae, Estonia. She ended the season with an overall 19th position in the world cup standing. In March 2007, she retired, at the end of her best world cup season so far. Although the decision to retire, taken one year earlier, Longa gave her come back already in March 2008.
Longa had a brilliant start on returning to competition, with a fifth place on the 10 km classical World Cup in Lathi, Finland. The 2008 also brought a fourth place on the 10 km classical, and a fifth place on the 10 km freestyle pursuit in the World Cup Finals in Bormio. In the summer of 2008 she also competed in roller skiing races to speed-up her recovery, obtaining a victory, two seconds and a fourth place.
### From 2009 {#from_2009}
On 30 January 2009 she won her first world cup race in Rybinsk, Russia on the [10 km F Mass start](https://web.archive.org/web/20110628222330/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/610.html?sector=CC&competitorid=35834&raceid=15233). A month after, she won two medals at the 2009 FIS Nordic World Ski Championship in Liberec with a silver in the [10 km C](https://web.archive.org/web/20090318014359/http://www.fis-ski.com/pdf/2009/CC/2242/2009CC2242RL.pdf) and bronze in the [team sprint C](https://web.archive.org/web/20100303130431/http://www.fis-ski.com/pdf/2009/CC/2250/2009CC2250RL.pdf) event. She finished the 2009 season in sixth position in the overall World Cup Standings.
In the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, she earned fourth place in the relay 4 × 5 km relay, seventh place in the 15 km pursuit, and eleventh in the 30 km classical. She ended the 2010 World Cup season in ninth position in the overall standings, with the major World Cup results of a third in Lahti in the 4 × 5 km relay, and a fourth place in the 10 km classical in Rukatunturi, Finland
In January 2011 she obtained third place in the 2010-11 Tour de Ski, arriving third on the final climb finish in Val di Fiemme, following Justyna Kowalczyk and Therese Johaug. The 2011 season brought several good results in all the different disciplines, with a total of six podium positions in World Cup races, and three podium positions in Stage World Cup races.
### 2011 World Championships, Oslo {#world_championships_oslo}
Longa did not compete at the starting race in the world championship, the sprint won by Marit Bjørgen. She took start at the 15 km pursuit and finished 5th, following Bjørgen, Justyna Kowalczyk, Therese Johaug and Charlotte Kalla. At the 10 km classical she finished seventh. Longa also participated at the Team Sprint, completing the Italian team together with Arianna Follis. They secured the fourth position, following in order of Sweden, Finland and Norway. In the relay 4 × 5 km relay, together with Follis, Antonella Confortola and Silvia Rupil, Longa secured the fourth position, with a start that saw her in the first place after her fraction. On the last race, the 30 km, she obtained the eight position in a spectacular day, where Johaug offered an outstanding performance securing the gold medal ahead of Bjørgen and Kowalczyk.
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# Marianna Longa
## Cross-country skiing results {#cross_country_skiing_results}
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
### Olympic Games {#olympic_games}
+--------+-------+---------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+----------+
| Year | Age | 10 km | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | Sprint | 4 × 5 km \ | Team \ |
| | | | | | | | relay | sprint |
+========+=======+=========+=========+===========+=========+==========+=============+==========+
| 2002 | *22* | 20 | --- | --- | 33 | --- | 6 | |
+--------+-------+---------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+----------+
| 2010 | *30* | 18 | | 7 | \|11 | --- | 4 | \|--- |
+--------+-------+---------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+----------+
| | | | | | | | | |
+--------+-------+---------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+----------+
### World Championships {#world_championships}
- 2 medals -- (1 silver, 1 bronze)
+--------+-------+------------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+------------+
| Year | Age | 10 km | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | Sprint | 4 × 5 km \ | Team \ |
| | | | | | | | relay | sprint |
+========+=======+============+=========+===========+=========+==========+=============+============+
| 2003 | *23* | 20 | 11 | --- | --- | --- | 7 | |
+--------+-------+------------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+------------+
| 2007 | *27* | --- | | 8 | 19 | 39 | 6 | --- |
+--------+-------+------------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+------------+
| 2009 | *29* | **Silver** | | 4 | 9 | --- | 5 | **Bronze** |
+--------+-------+------------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+------------+
| 2011 | *31* | 7 | | 5 | 8 | --- | 4 | 4 |
+--------+-------+------------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+------------+
| | | | | | | | | |
+--------+-------+------------+---------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+------------+
### World Cup {#world_cup}
#### Season standings {#season_standings}
Season Age Discipline standings
---------- ---------- ---------------------- -----------------
Overall Distance Long Distance Middle Distance
2000 *20*
2001 *21* 85
2002 *22* 80
2003 *23* 51
2004 *24* 55 38
2005 *25* 69 45
2007 *27* 19 13
2008 *28* 34 26
2009 *29* 6
2010 *30* 9 10
2011 *31* 7 4
#### Individual podiums {#individual_podiums}
- 1 victory -- (1 `{{Abbr|WC|World Cup}}`{=mediawiki})
- 9 podiums -- (5 `{{Abbr|WC|World Cup}}`{=mediawiki}, 4 `{{Abbr|SWC|Stage World Cup}}`{=mediawiki})
+-----+----------------+-------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | style=\"background-color:#4180be; color:white;\| Place |
+=====+================+===================+======================+=============================+=================+========================================================+
| 1 | ** 2008--09 ** | 17 January 2009 | Whistler, Canada | 7.5 km + 7.5 km Pursuit C/F | World Cup | 2nd |
+-----+----------------+-------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | | 30 January 2009 | Rybinsk, Russia | 10 km Mass Start F | World Cup | **1st** |
+-----+----------------+-------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | | 14 February 2009 | Valdidentro, Italy | 10 km Individual C | World Cup | 2nd |
+-----+----------------+-------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | ** 2009--10 ** | 9 January 2010 | Val di Fiemme, Italy | 10 km Mass Start C | Stage World Cup | 3rd |
+-----+----------------+-------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | ** 2010--11 ** | 1 January 2011 | Oberhof, Germany | 10 km Pursuit C | Stage World Cup | 3rd |
+-----+----------------+-------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 6 | | 6 January 2011 | Toblach, Italy | 15 km Pursuit F | Stage World Cup | 3rd |
+-----+----------------+-------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 7 | | 8 January 2011 | Val di Fiemme, Italy | 10 km Mass Start C | Stage World Cup | 3rd |
+-----+----------------+-------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 8 | | 31 December 2010\ | Tour de Ski | Overall Standings | World Cup | 3rd |
| | | -- 9 January 2011 | | | | |
+-----+----------------+-------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 9 | | 4 February 2011 | Rybinsk, Russia | 5 km + 5 km Pursuit C/F | World Cup | 2nd |
+-----+----------------+-------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
#### Team podiums {#team_podiums}
- 1 victory -- (1 `{{Abbr|RL|Relay}}`{=mediawiki})
- 6 podiums -- (5 `{{Abbr|RL|Relay}}`{=mediawiki}, 1 `{{Abbr|TS|Team Sprint}}`{=mediawiki})
No. Season Date Location Race Level style=\"background-color:#4180be; color:white;\| Place Teammate(s)
----- ---------------- ------------------ ------------------------- -------------------------- ----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
1 ** 2003--04 ** 7 February 2004 La Clusaz, France 4 × 5 km Relay C/F World Cup 3rd Paruzzi / Confortola / Valbusa
2 ** 2009--10 ** 7 March 2010 Lahti, Finland 4 × 5 km Relay C/F World Cup 3rd Confortola / Valbusa / Follis
3 ** 2010--11 ** 21 November 2010 Gällivare, Sweden 4 × 5 km Relay C/F World Cup 3rd Genuin / Rupil / Follis
4 19 December 2010 La Clusaz, France 4 × 5 km Relay C/F World Cup 2nd De Martin Topranin / Rupil / Follis
5 16 January 2011 Liberec, Czech Republic 6 × 1
| 728 |
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| 1 |
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# Fort Vinton
**Fort Vinton**, also known as \"Post #2\", was a small U.S. Army outpost that existed from 1839 to 1858. Location of the fort is approximately a mile south of highway 60 near 122nd Avenue.
## History
The fort was constructed during the Second Seminole War in support of Colonel Zachary Taylor\'s expedition that culminated in the Battle of Okeechobee in 1837. The Battle of Loxahatchee was fought soon afterwards as the primary engagements on the east coast of Florida during that period. The post was abandoned after the war. It was reopened during the Third Seminole War.
For most of its existence Fort Vinton was simply known as \"Post #2\" but was renamed in honor of Captain John Rogers Vinton (1801--1847), who had served in the area during the Second Seminole War and had died in the Mexican-American War.
Fort Vinton, was an outpost of Fort Capron at Indian River Inlet
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| 0 |
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# Alfa Romeo 185T
The **Alfa Romeo 185T** is a Formula One car that Alfa Romeo used during the 1985 season. The car was entered in 8 races, but without any success and suffering from poor reliability, the team returned to the previous year\'s car, the 184T, updated to 184TB specification.
This was the last Alfa Romeo Formula One car before their return with Sauber Engineering in 2019.
## Engine
The car was powered by Alfa\'s own 890T, a 1.5 L turbocharged V8 engine which produced around 780 hp at 10,200 rpm.
According to Eddie Cheever in early 1985, the unloved 890T was due to be replaced by an 850 bhp, 4 cylinder turbo engine dubbed the Alfa Romeo 415T at some point during the season. However, development on that engine was put on hold when it was decided to withdraw the Alfa Romeo team from Formula One altogether at the end of 1985. The 415T would briefly be revived in a short lived and ill-fated association with the French Ligier team in 1987, but unfavourable comments about the engine by Ligier\'s lead driver René Arnoux saw parent company Fiat pull the plug on both the engine and the deal with Ligier before it ever got to race in Formula One.
## Racing history {#racing_history}
Driven by Patrese, the 185T was involved in arguably the most spectacular accident of the season. On lap 16 of the Monaco Grand Prix, Nelson Piquet in his Brabham-BMW was attempting to pass Patrese along the pit straight. Notoriously hard to pass, Patrese moved across on his former Brabham teammate and put the Brazilian into the guardrail. In a shower of sparks, flames and debris famously captured by the television cameras, both the Brabham and the Alfa were destroyed, though both drivers were able to walk away injury free.
It was at Monaco where Cheever achieved the best qualifying position for the 185T when he started from fourth on the grid with a time only 0.279 seconds slower than pole winner Ayrton Senna in his Lotus-Renault. Cheever had failed to qualify the 184T at Monaco in 1984. After the qualification, Cheever told reporters *\"We have a new wing here, which is much better than the old one, and the grip is good. Most of all though, we\'re understanding more and more about the Bosch Motronic, and throttle response is excellent. I think we can run with just about anyone on power as well. I mean, the car is good all round right now - if it can finish\".* However, it did not take too long for the American to change his tune about the 185T.
## Aftermath
In an interview he gave in 2000, Patrese described the 185T as *\"The Worst Car I ever drove\"*.
## Complete Formula One results {#complete_formula_one_results}
(key) (results in **bold** indicate pole position)
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><p>Year</p></th>
<th><p>Team</p></th>
<th><p>Engine</p></th>
<th><p>Tyres</p></th>
<th><p>Drivers</p></th>
<th><p>1</p></th>
<th><p>2</p></th>
<th><p>3</p></th>
<th><p>4</p></th>
<th><p>5</p></th>
<th><p>6</p></th>
<th><p>7</p></th>
<th><p>8</p></th>
<th><p>9</p></th>
<th><p>10</p></th>
<th><p>11</p></th>
<th><p>12</p></th>
<th><p>13</p></th>
<th><p>14</p></th>
<th><p>15</p></th>
<th><p>16</p></th>
<th><p>Pts
| 499 |
Alfa Romeo 185T
| 0 |
10,031,537 |
# Buin, Chile
**Buin** is a city and commune of Chile, in the Maipo Province, Metropolitan Region of Santiago, which forms part of Greater Santiago. It is a city composed of the towns of Maipo, Viluco, Linderos, Valdivia de Paine, Alto Jahuel, Los Guindos and El Recurso. Buin is located about 35 km south of Santiago in the Maipo Valley wine region.
## Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Buin spans an area of 214.1 sqkm and has 63,419 inhabitants (31,440 men and 31,979 women). Of these, 53,506 (84.4%) lived in urban areas and 9,913 (15.6%) in rural areas. The population grew by 20.1% (10,627 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.
## Administration
As a commune, Buin is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2012-2016 alcalde is Ángel Bozán Ramos (IND). The communal council has the following members:
- Patricio Silva Gonzalez (PPD)
- Hernán Henriquez Parrao (PRSD)
- Miguel Araya Lobos (UDI)
- Ramon Calderón Hormazábal (PDC)
- Sandra Meneses Tapia (PPD)
- Nicolás Romo Contreras (UDI)
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Buin is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Ramón Farías (PPD) and José Antonio Kast (UDI) as part of the 30th electoral district, (together with San Bernardo, Paine and Calera de Tango). The commune is represented in the Senate by Guido Girardi Lavín (PPD) and Jovino Novoa Vásquez (UDI) as part of the 7th senatorial constituency (Santiago-West)
| 255 |
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| 0 |
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# Nancy Gertner
**Nancy Gertner** (born May 22, 1946) is an American lawyer and jurist who was a United States district judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts from 1994 until retiring in 2011. She is now a professor of practice at Harvard Law School.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Gertner was born in New York City, the granddaughter of Jewish immigrants from Poland and Hungary. Her father, Moishe Gertner, owned a linoleum business; her mother Sadie Gertner was a housewife. Her family lived in a tenement until she was seven years old, when they moved to Flushing, New York. At Flushing High School she was a cheerleader, a member of the staff of her high school\'s literary magazine, runner-up for homecoming queen, and valedictorian of her class. Gertner received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Barnard College of Columbia University in 1967 and a Master of Arts and a Juris Doctor from Yale University and Yale Law School, respectively, in 1971. While attending Yale, Gertner became friends with Hillary Rodham and met Bill Clinton.
## Career
Gertner began her legal career in 1971 as a law clerk for Judge Luther Swygert of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Between 1972 and 1994, she practiced law in and around the Greater Boston area with Harvey Silverglate and Thomas Shapiro at Silverglate, Shapiro & Gertner, during which she also taught at Boston University School of Law and was a visiting professor at Harvard Law School. During this period, Gertner was notable for being a supporter of liberalism and feminist ideals, wearing bright red clothes in court, carrying her legal briefs in shopping bags and keeping files on lawyers and judges she felt to be sexist.
## Federal judicial service {#federal_judicial_service}
On October 27, 1993, on the recommendations of Senators Ted Kennedy and John Kerry, Gertner was nominated to the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts by President Bill Clinton to a seat vacated by A. David Mazzone. Gertner was confirmed by the Senate on February 10, 1994, and received her commission on February 14, 1994. Gertner assumed senior status on May 22, 2011, and retired on September 1, 2011.
## Later career {#later_career}
After retiring from the bench, Gertner was appointed a Professor of Practice at Harvard Law School. She was named a member of the Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States by President Joe Biden on April 9, 2021.
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# Nancy Gertner
## Notable cases {#notable_cases}
Gertner ruled in *U.S. v. Hines*, 55 F.Supp. 2d 62 (D.Mass. 1999), a case regarding the admissibility of expert testimony, that (i) a handwriting expert could testify to similarities between handwriting samples but not state an opinion about whether the same person wrote both notes, and (ii) expert witness testimony regarding the reliability of eyewitness testimony, including problems of cross-racial identification, was admissible. The case interpreted new admissibility standards for expert testimony set forth by the Supreme Court in *Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals*, 509 U.S. 579 (1993) and *Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael*, 526 U.S. 137 (1999).
On July 26, 2007, she ordered the federal government to pay a record \$101.7 million for withholding evidence that could have exculpated four men wrongfully convicted of murder. The men had been falsely accused by mob hitman Joseph \"The Animal\" Barboza, with the help of corrupt FBI agent H. Paul Rico. The government appealed the award, which was upheld in 2009 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
Judge Gertner presided over *Sony BMG v. Tenenbaum*, a civil trial in which the Recording Industry Association of America accused Joel Tenenbaum, a Massachusetts college student, of illegally downloading and sharing files, thus violating U.S. copyright law. In July 2009, a jury awarded \$675,000 to the music companies, but Judge Gertner later reduced the award to \$67,500, stating that arbitrarily high statutory damages violate due process and are thus unconstitutional. After both parties appealed, the First Circuit Court of Appeals reinstated the original damage award of \$675,000 and remanded the case to the District Court, ruling that the judge should have avoided the constitutional issue by first considering remittitur. The Supreme Court refused to hear Tenenbaum\'s appeal arguing against the remand. A new District Court judge then found no cause for remittitur, and held that the statutory damage award was constitutional. Tenenbaum again appealed to the First Circuit, which in June 2013 upheld the award.
As a defense attorney, she defended Brandeis University student and fugitive Susan Saxe, who stole money to finance the student strikes during the Vietnam era. Gertner describes the Saxe trial as her first big case.
Sean Hannity, Rush Limbaugh, Alan Dershowitz and others have asserted that Robert Mueller was responsible for the improper imprisonment of four men when he was a federal prosecutor in Boston during the 1980s. In an opinion piece entitled \"Smearing Robert Mueller\", Gertner, who presided over the matter, wrote \"\[t\]he record simply doesn\'t support these assertions\".
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Gertner is to date the only Massachusetts judge to post to a personal blog. Though this has resulted in some criticism, Gertner maintains that judges are often too silent on issues they should publicly address.
Gertner published her memoirs, *In Defense of Women: Memoirs of an Unrepentant Advocate*, in 2011. The book focuses on the period during which she worked as a criminal defense and civil rights lawyer before joining the Federal bench in 1994.
Gertner is married to John Reinstein, former Legal Director for the Massachusetts ACLU.
In October 2015, Gertner became the subject of media attention in the Boston area when an escaped cockatoo did considerable damage to her Brookline residence, a historic Victorian home which also happened to be the birthplace of Robert F. Kennedy. After eluding capture for several months, the bird was caught on October 22.
## Awards
- 2008 Thurgood Marshall Award of the American Bar Association, recognizing Gertner\'s contributions to advancing human rights and civil liberties.
- 2014 Margaret Brent Women Lawyers of Achievement Award of the American Bar Association, recognizing Gertner\'s advocacy, mentoring and achievements in the legal field
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# Sadao Bekku
was a Japanese classical composer. His works include five symphonies, film scores, a flute sonata, a piano concerto, choral work and art songs, and the opera, *Prince Arima*.
His work took strong influence from jazz. His best-known works include the film score *Matango* (1963).
## Major works {#major_works}
### Operas
- *A Story of Three Women (Le dit des trois femmes)* (1964)
- *有間皇子 (Prince Arima (Arima-no Miko))* (1963--67)
- *Aoi-no-ue*
### Orchestral works {#orchestral_works}
- *Deux mouvements pour orchestre* (1946)
- *Suite classique* (1947)
- *Introduction et Allegro* (1954)
- *Deux prières* (1956)
- *Symphonietta for String Orchestra* (1959)
- *Symphony No. 1* (1961)
- *Concerto pour violon et orchestre* (1969)
- *Concerto pour alto et orchestre* (1971)
- *Symphony No. 2* (1977)
- *Concerto pour piano et orchestre* (1980)
- *Festival Overture* (1981)
- *Symphony No. 3 \"Spring\"* (1984)
- *Memories of Pictures*: Suite for Wind Band (1987/2005)
- *March \"Be Pure, Be Fresh\"* for wind orchestra (1988)
- *Symphony No. 4 \"The Summer 1945\"* (1989)
- *Concerto pour violoncelle et orchestre \"Autumn\"* (1997)
- *Symphony No. 5 \"Man\"* (1999)
### Chamber works {#chamber_works}
- *Trio d\'anches* for bassoon, oboe and clarinet (1953)
- *Sonate pour flûte et piano* (1954)
- *Suite japonaise Nr. 1* for wind quintet (1955)
- *Quatuor à cordes Nr. 1* (1955--57)
- *1er sonate pour violon et piano* (1963--67)
- *Sonate pour violoncelle et piano* (1974)
- *Aubade* for flute, violin and piano (1976)
- *Suite \"Chants de ville\"* for alto saxophone and piano (1981)
- *Petit pastoral* for flute and piano (1983)
- *《Hide and Seek》 and 《Tag》: Two Players for Two Marimbas* (1988)
- *Trio for Violin, Cello and Piano* (1995)
- *Kaleidoscope No. 2* for marimba (2002)
- *Autumn* for violoncello and piano (2004)
### Piano works {#piano_works}
- *Sonatine* (1965)
- *Suite \"Kaleidescope\"* (1966)
- *Three Paraphrases Based on Folksongs of Southern Japan* (1968)
- *Sonatine in Classical Style* (1969)
- *Festa in the north: Japanese Suite No. 2* for piano by 4 hands (1989)
### Vocal works {#vocal_works}
- *Light-coloured Pictures* for voice and piano (1948)
- *2 Rondels* for voice and piano (1951)
- *Three Songs Based Man-yō-shū poems* (1958)
- *Giant\'s Garden* for narrator, mixed choir, orchestra and electronic sound (1962)
- *The Four Seasons of the Mountain* for mixed choir (1967)
### Film music {#film_music}
Bekku composed about 40 film scores from 1954 to 1978
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# King Tom (horse)
**King Tom** (1851--1878) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and a leading sire in Great Britain & Ireland.
## Pedigree
He was a bay horse foaled in 1851, sired by Harkaway and out of the exceptional mare Pocahontas by Glencoe. King Tom was a half-brother to 14 of Pocahontas\' foals including, Auricula (a stakes winner), plus Stockwell and his brother, Rataplan, both being by The Baron.
## Racing record {#racing_record}
King Tom won races at age two and at age three he was not quite recovered from an injury when he finished second by a length to Andover in the 1854 Epsom Derby. He came out of the Derby with a tendon injury that curtailed his racing for the remainder of the year. At age four, King Tom returned to the track and won one race before breaking down.
## Stud record {#stud_record}
Retired to stud duty, King Tom became the foundation stallion for Baron Mayer de Rothschild\'s Mentmore and Crafton Studs. Between 1861 and 1877 he was one of the United Kingdom\'s top ten sires 14 times and the Leading sire in Great Britain & Ireland in 1870 and 1871. King Tom sired the 1866 and 1867 Epsom Oaks winners, Tormentor and Hippia, as well as the 1870 Epsom Derby winner Kingcraft. He also sired 1864 1,000 Guineas Stakes winner Tomato plus another outstanding filly Hannah who in 1871 won the Epsom Oaks, 1,000 Guineas and St. Leger Stakes. One of his most important foals was his daughter, St. Angela, dam of St. Simon and second dam of Orme.
King Tom is the damsire of Favonius, winner of the 1871 Epsom Derby and the grandsire of the Irish Derby winner Umpire plus the grandsire of United States Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Ten Broeck.
King Tom died at age twenty-seven in January 1878. He was buried in the grounds of Mentmore Towers beneath a life sized bronze statue by Sir Joseph Boehm. The statue is now at Dalmeny House in Scotland
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| 0 |
10,031,583 |
# List of geometrid genera: M
The very large moth family Geometridae contains genera beginning with A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, **M**, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z
| 43 |
List of geometrid genera: M
| 0 |
10,031,596 |
# Salora International
**Salora International Limited** is an Indian conglomerate and the flagship company of the Jiwarajka Group. Their business spans the complete supply chain, and includes logistics, service, manufacturing and distribution.
The company went public in March 1993
| 39 |
Salora International
| 0 |
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# Lada Nesterenko
**Lada Stanislavivna Nesterenko** (*Лада Станіславівна Нестеренко*; born August 3, 1976) is a Ukrainian cross-country skier who competed between 1995 and 2017. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, she finished 44th in the 30 km and 57th in the 10 km events.
Nesterenko\'s best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was seventh in the 30 km event at Sapporo in 2007.
Her best World Cup finish was 11th in the 4 × 5 km relay event at France in 2008 while his best individual finish was 25th in the 10 km event at Estonia in 2009.
## Cross-country skiing results {#cross_country_skiing_results}
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
### Olympic Games {#olympic_games}
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+-------------+----------+
| Year | Age | 10 km \ | 15 km \ | 30 km \ | Sprint | 4 × 5 km \ | Team \ |
| | | individual | skiathlon | mass start | | relay | sprint |
+========+=======+==============+=============+==============+==========+=============+==========+
| 2010 | *33* | 56 | --- | 43 | --- | --- | \|--- |
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+-------------+----------+
| | | | | | | | |
+--------+-------+--------------+-------------+--------------+----------+-------------+----------+
### World Championships {#world_championships}
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th style="background-color:#369; color:white; width:60px;"><p> Year </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#369; color:white; width:40px;"><p> Age </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 5 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 10 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 15 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> Pursuit </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 30 km </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> Sprint </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> 4 × 5 km <br />
relay </p></th>
<th style="background-color:#4180be; color:white; width:75px;"><p> Team <br />
sprint </p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>1999</p></td>
<td><p><em>22</em></p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>39</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>36</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2001</p></td>
<td><p><em>24</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>53</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>48</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2005</p></td>
<td><p><em>28</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>45</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>45</p></td>
<td><p>43</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td style="background:#000000; color:white;"></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2007</p></td>
<td><p><em>30</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>17</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>25</p></td>
<td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p>57</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2009</p></td>
<td><p><em>32</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>33</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>40</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>71</p></td>
<td><p>11</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2011</p></td>
<td><p><em>34</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>36</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>37</p></td>
<td><p>24</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2017</p></td>
<td><p><em>40</em></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>60</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>39</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
<td><p>16</p></td>
<td><p>—</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
: **a.** `{{note label|cancelled|a|1}}`{=mediawiki} Cancelled due to extremely cold weather
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# Alan Prescott
**George Alan Prescott** (17 June 1927 -- 20 September 1998) was an English rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, and coached in the 1960s. He played initially at `{{rlp|wg}}`{=mediawiki}, and then later at `{{rlp|pr|sr}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{rlp|lf}}`{=mediawiki}. In 404 matches for St Helens. Prescott scored 31 tries for a total of 93 points. He played 14 times for Lancashire, 12 times for England, once for Rugby League XIII, once for British Empire, and made 31 Great Britain appearances (10 as captain).
## Background
Prescott was born in Widnes, Lancashire, England, and he died aged 71 in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Prescott made his senior rugby league debut aged 15 for Halifax as a `{{rlp|wg}}`{=mediawiki}.
He was transferred from Halifax to St. Helens on 11 January 1949 and he made his first team début four days later against Belle Vue Rangers. Prescott was captain and Lance Todd Trophy winner at Wembley in 1956.
His test début against Australia was at Headingley in 1952. When he arrived in Australia as captain of Great Britain in 1956, he had not missed a Test against Australia since making his début. He is best remembered for leading his side to victory over Australia at Brisbane in 1958, having broken his arm after just four minutes but continuing to play. The match became known as \"Prescott's Match\" or the \"Battle of Brisbane\".
Alan Prescott represented Great Britain & France in the 37--31 victory over New Zealand at Carlaw Park, Auckland on 3 July 1957.
His final appearance for St. Helens was against Halifax on 19 March 1960. He took over from Jim Sullivan as St. Helens\' coach. Alan coached St. Helens to Lancashire Cup success and a Challenge Cup win over Wigan in 1961.
### International honours {#international_honours}
Alan Prescott also represented Great Britain while at St. Helens between 1952 and 1956 against France (3 non-Test matches).
### Challenge Cup Final appearances {#challenge_cup_final_appearances}
Alan Prescott played at `{{rlp|pr}}`{=mediawiki} in St. Helens\' 10-15 defeat by Huddersfield in the 1953 Challenge Cup Final during the 1952-53 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 25 April 1953, in front of a crowd of 89,588, and played at `{{rlp|pr}}`{=mediawiki}, and was man of the match winning the Lance Todd Trophy in the 13--2 victory over Halifax in the 1956 Challenge Cup Final during the 1955--56 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 28 April 1956, in front of a crowd of 79,341.
### County Cup Final appearances {#county_cup_final_appearances}
Alan Prescott played at `{{rlp|pr}}`{=mediawiki} in St. Helens\' 5-22 defeat by Leigh in the 1952 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1952--53 season at Station Road, Swinton on Saturday 29 November 1952, played at `{{rlp|pr}}`{=mediawiki} in the 16--8 victory over Wigan in the 1953 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1953--54 season at Station Road, Swinton on Saturday 24 October 1953, played at `{{rlp|pr}}`{=mediawiki} in the 3--10 defeat by Oldham in the 1956 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1956--57 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 20 October 1956, and played at `{{rlp|pr}}`{=mediawiki} in the 5--4 defeat by Warrington in the 1959 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1959--60 season at Central Park, Wigan Saturday 31 October 1959.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
### Challenge Cup Final appearances {#challenge_cup_final_appearances_1}
Alan Prescott was the coach in St. Helens 12-6 victory over Wigan in the 1961 Challenge Cup Final during the 1960--61 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 13 May 1961, in front of a crowd of 94,672
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# Tomato can
A **tomato can**, or simply**can**, is a fighter in individual combat sports with comparatively poor or diminished skills who may be considered an easy opponent to defeat, or a \"guaranteed win.\" Fights with tomato cans can be arranged to inflate the win total of a professional fighter. Similarly, a fighter whose record consists of wins over easy opponents is referred to as a \"can crusher\". The phrase originates in the childhood pastime of kicking a can down the street---a boxer is advancing his career with minimal effort by defeating a tomato can and notching a win. \"Tomato\" refers to blood: \"knock a tomato can over, and red stuff spills out.\"
## Characteristics
A tomato can is usually a fighter with a poor record, whose skills are substandard or who lacks toughness or has a glass jaw. Sometimes a formerly successful boxer who is past his prime and who has seen his skills diminish is considered a tomato can if he can no longer compete at a high level. Such an individual is an attractive opponent if his name still carries prestige but his diminished skills make him an easy conquest. When referring to a distinguished fighter, opponents with passable careers who simply are not at the same level can also be considered tomato cans. Most fighters who are considered tomato cans are heavyweights, because at lower weight classes one must maintain a certain level of fitness in order to make weight, whereas a heavyweight who once fought at a trim 205 pounds could conceivably gain 150 pounds and still fight in the same division.
One characteristic which may account for the use of the \"tomato can\" metaphor for a bad boxer is the tendency to leak \"tomato juice\" (i.e., blood) when battered.
Tomato cans are similar to jobbers in professional wrestling in that they serve to enhance the stature of someone the promotion uses to draw a crowd.
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# Tomato can
## Surprises and upsets {#surprises_and_upsets}
Victory over a tomato can is not a certainty. Journeyman boxers generally regarded as tomato cans have been known to provide surprising challenges to champions and in several instances, cause shocking upsets against supposedly superior opponents.
On March 24, 1975, Muhammad Ali faced Chuck Wepner, a lightly regarded but popular boxer from New Jersey. A former nightclub bouncer, Wepner was nicknamed \"The Bayonne Bleeder\" and was considered a washed-up contender with a mediocre record. Don King selected Wepner as a tomato can to provide an easy victory for Ali after his famous win over George Foreman. In a surprising turn of events, Wepner scored a disputed knockdown in the ninth round, and survived 19 seconds short of the distance, before losing by TKO in the 15th round. Wepner\'s bout with Ali provided the inspiration for Sylvester Stallone\'s movie *Rocky*.
In a fight on February 11, 1990, Mike Tyson lost his championship to James \"Buster\" Douglas in Tokyo. The victory over Tyson, the previously undefeated \"baddest man on the planet\" and the most feared boxer in professional boxing at that time, at the hands of the 42--1 betting odds underdog Douglas, has been described as one of the most shocking upsets in modern sports history. Douglas was widely regarded as a tomato can, lined up to provide an easy victory for Tyson at that time. Later, Douglas lost his first title defense against Evander Holyfield and was never able to successfully compete at such a high level again.
On June 1, 2019, undefeated unified WBA (Super), IBF, WBO and IBO heavyweight champion Anthony Joshua lost to Andy Ruiz Jr., who was ranked WBO no. 11 and IBF no. 14, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Ruiz Jr. got up from the canvas in round 3 and won the contest by technical knockout in round 7 having given Joshua a convincing beating, with Joshua\'s trainer later saying that Joshua had been severely concussed. Joshua was originally scheduled to face undefeated WBA no. 2 and WBO no. 3 ranked heavyweight Jarrell Miller, who was replaced by Ruiz Jr. after Miller failed three drug tests.
## Outside combat sports {#outside_combat_sports}
The term \"tomato can\" is primarily used in the context of individual combat sports: boxing, kickboxing, mixed martial arts, and other sports of similar structure. The concept---if not the term---is also prevalent in team sports. In American college sports, it is common for teams in major conferences to schedule games against squads in conferences of lesser renown, with the expectation that the game will be a blowout in favor of the major conference team, in exchange for paying the less-renowned school a financial windfall. Like the tomato can in boxing, the less-renowned school can occasionally perform far beyond expectation, serving as potentially major embarrassment for the major college and having major ramifications on opinion polling.
A webcomic based on the idiom with the same name, *The Tomato Can*, launched on the webcomics platform WEBTOON
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# Concussion (album)
***Concussion*** is an album by the American musician Matthew Ryan, released in 2001 on Waxy Silver.
## Production
The album was recorded over the course of eight days; \"Somebody Got Murdered\" is a cover of the Clash song. Ryan duets with Lucinda Williams on \"Devastation\".
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
*No Depression* thought that \"Ryan has one of those love-it-or-hate-it voices, but like Dylan or Neil Young, it's a sound that perfectly captures his lyrics.\"
AllMusic wrote that \"in his rough, sandpaper vocals, Ryan sings about troubled relationships and doomed characters in songs often focusing on matters of violence, either of physical or emotional kind.\"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All words and music by Matthew Ryan, except where noted.
1. \"Drift\"
2. \"Rabbit\"
3. \"Happy Hour\"
4. \"Too Soon to Tell\"
5. \"Devastation\"
6. \"Autopilot\"
7. \"Chickering Angel\"
8. \"Night Watchman\"
9. \"Somebody Got Murdered\" (The Clash`{{Broken anchor|date=2024-09-04|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Sandinista!#Side two|reason= The anchor (Side two) [[Special:Diff/207076916|has been deleted]].}}`{=mediawiki})
10
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# Safié
***\'Safié*** is a one act opera by American composer Henry Kimball Hadley. The opera\'s libretto was written in English by Edward Oxenford, but its premiere, on April 4, 1909, in Mainz, Germany, was given in a German translation by Otto Neitzel. Hadley conducted the premiere, and the title role was sung by American soprano Marguerite Lemon.
*Safié*\'s full score, in manuscript, is in the collection of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, part of the Lincoln Center complex in Manhattan.
## Roles
+--------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, 4 April 1909\ |
| | | (Conductor: Henry Hadley) |
+==================================================+============+==============================+
| Safié, *a Persian princess* | Soprano | Margaret Lemon |
+--------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| Ahmed, *an envoy* | Tenor | Konrad Rössner |
+--------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| Alasman, *a magician* | Baritone | Fritz Rupp |
+--------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| Zehu, *his son* | Bass | Karl Bara |
+--------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| Mahud Khan, *a Persian nobleman, Safié\'s uncle* | Bass | Jean Hemfing |
+--------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| | | |
+--------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
## Synopsis
Safié, a Persian princess, loves an envoy named Ahmed. When Ahmed is sent on a diplomatic mission to a distant country, he promises to send Safié a rose once a week as a token of his devotion. But Zehu, the son of a famous magician, also desires Safié. While Ahmed is away, Zehu tries to force his affection on the princess, who is saved by her uncle. Infuriated, Zehu plots revenge. He sends a poisoned bracelet to Safié, who, not knowing its origin, wears it and becomes ill. She succumbs to the poison just as Ahmed\'s first rose arrives, and she dies with her lover\'s name on her lips
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# Sooey
**Sooey** (`{{Irish place name|Samhadh}}`{=mediawiki}, meaning abounding in the plant sorrel), is a village in County Sligo in Ireland. The village is situated near Riverstown, on the R284 road which runs between Sligo and Leitrim village in County Leitrim.
It is the burial place of Provisional Irish Republican Army volunteer, Kevin Coen.
The village has its own church, primary school and community hall. Coola Post Primary School is located just outside Sooey village
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# Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center
The **Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center**, commonly known as **the Loeb**, is a teaching museum, major art repository, and exhibition space on the campus of Vassar College, in Poughkeepsie, New York, United States. It was founded in 1864 as the **Vassar College Art Gallery**. It displays works from antiquity to contemporary times. Vassar was the first college or university in the country to include an art museum as part of its original plan. The current 36000 sqft facility was designed by César Pelli and named in honor of the new building's primary donor Frances Lehman Loeb, a member of the Class of 1928.
The Lehman Loeb Art Center's collections chart the history of art from antiquity to the present and comprise over 18,000 works, including paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, photographs, textiles, and glass and ceramic wares. Teaching students and working as an important tangible complement to the curriculum is the main focus of the collection. Notable holdings include the Warburg Collection of Old Master prints, an important group of Hudson River School paintings given by Matthew Vassar at the college's inception, and a wide range of works by major European and American twentieth century painters.
## Significant collections {#significant_collections}
At the time of its founding, the collection\'s largest holding was a large group of Hudson River School paintings. These were donated by Matthew Vassar himself who purchased them from the Rev. Elias Magoon of Albany, New York. The collection, named for Magoon, includes the work of Frederic Church, Asher Durand, and Joseph Mallord William Turner.
The Warburg Collection of Old Master prints features works by Albrecht Dürer and Rembrandt van Rijn. They were given to Vassar\'s collection in 1941 by Felix Warburg.
Perhaps the greatest strength of the art collection housed by the Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center is its 20th-century works by European and American artists. Included in this group are significant works by Pablo Picasso, Balthus, Arthur Dove, Ian Hornak, Alfred Stieglitz and Georgia O\'Keeffe, Francis Bacon, Jackson Pollock, Alexander Calder, Nancy Graves, and Marsden Hartley.
The museum is home to the mummified remains of an ancient Egyptian by the name of Shepen-Min, the son of Pahat, who is housed at the Berkshire Museum.
In November 2016, the gallery opened the Hoene Hoy Photography gallery on the second floor, named after Anne Hoene Hoy from the class of 1963.
## Architecture
The art center is housed in a structure designed by Argentine architect César Pelli. It features a curved glass entry, and rooms separating covering Asian; Greek and Roman; Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque; 19th-century American; 19th-century European; and the 20th century. Changing print and photographic exhibitions are housed in a separate room
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# Red Lake Area Combined Roman Catholic Separate School Board
The **Red Lake Area Combined Roman Catholic Separate School Board** manages one school, St. John\'s Catholic School, in Red Lake, Ontario. The Board exists because of the remote location of the town, and it is a member of the Northern School Resource Alliance, which is an association of smaller organizations which operate schools in remote towns of northern Ontario
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# Keio 8000 series
The `{{Nihongo|'''Keio 8000 series'''|京王8000系}}`{=mediawiki} is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Keio Corporation on commuter services in the Tokyo area of Japan since 1992.
## Technical details {#technical_details}
- MT ratio
- 0 subseries: 10-car set: 6M4T (six motor cars and four trailer cars; each motor car has four motors)
- 20 subseries: eight-car set: 4M4T
- Motor output: 150 kW
- Gear ratio: 6.07
- Drive mechanism: Parallel cardan
- Traction control system: GTO-VVVF
- Headlights: Sealed beam
- Destination indicators: roller-blind or 3-color LED
- Passenger information displays: 3-color LED (4 per car)
- Seating arrangement (intermediate cars): 4-7-7-7-4 on longitudinal bench seats
### Body
The body is stainless steel. The front is steel.
### Driver\'s cab {#drivers_cab}
\"T\" shape one handle master-controller system. Analog (formerly digital) speedometer. TNS (Train Navigation System).
- Acceleration: 4 notch
- Deceleration: 7 notch + emergency
## Formations
, the fleet consists of 14 ten-car sets and 13 eight-car sets (244 vehicles in total), formed as follows.
- c=Driver\'s cab; T=trailer, M=motor
### 0-subseries ten-car sets {#subseries_ten_car_sets}
+-------------+-----------------+
| | ← Shinjuku |
| | |
| | Keio-Hachiōji → |
+-------------+-----------------+
| | |
+-------------+-----------------+
| Designation | Tc |
+-------------+-----------------+
| Numbering | 8701\ |
| | :\ |
| | 8713 |
+-------------+-----------------+
| | 8714 |
+-------------+-----------------+
### 20-subseries eight-car sets {#subseries_eight_car_sets}
+------------------+-----------------+
| | ← Shinjuku |
| | |
| | Keio-Hachiōji → |
+------------------+-----------------+
| | |
+------------------+-----------------+
| Designation | Tc |
+------------------+-----------------+
| Capacity (total) | 143 |
+------------------+-----------------+
| Numbering | 8721\ |
| | :\ |
| | 8733 |
+------------------+-----------------+
## Interior
<File:Keio8000> inside.jpg\|Interior of car in original condition <File:Priority> seat of Keio 8000.jpg\|Priority seats of car in original condition <File:Keio8000inside.JPG%7CInterior> of a refurbished car <File:Keio8251> priority-seat-zone.jpg\|Priority seats of a refurbished car <File:Keio-Series8000> Inside.jpg\|Interior of a renewal car <File:Keio-Series8000> Inside Free-space.jpg\|Priority seats of a renewal car <File:Keio> 8000 Drivers cab.JPG\|Driver\'s cab <File:Keio8000> Tc8854 Controler.jpg\|Driver\'s cab with analog speedometer
## History
The first 8000 series trains were introduced in 1992.
Six-car and four-cars sets (and occasionally a pair of four-car sets) used to be operated on splitting services which separated and re-joined at Takahatafudō Station until 2006. From 2013 to 2019, all six- and four-car 0-subseries sets underwent a refurbishment program. Among several technical upgrades, the cabs of the two inner ends were removed to form 10-car sets.
The 8000 series trains are used exclusively on Keio Corporation lines. Thus, unlike some other Keio trains, they do not continue past Shinjuku on to the Toei Shinjuku Line.
Set 8705F was involved on the October 2021 Tokyo attack.
## Special liveries {#special_liveries}
Set 8713 received a special all-over green livery in September 2009 evoking the livery carried by the former 2000 series trains.
<File:Keio-Series8000-8713> Takao-wrapping
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# Sparrowlee railway station
**Sparrowlee** a railway station on the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway, a `{{RailGauge|2ft6in}}`{=mediawiki} narrow gauge line which ran for 8 miles between Hulme End and Waterhouses, in Staffordshire, and was initially operated by the North Staffordshire Railway before being taken over by the LMS. It served the village of Waterfall in Staffordshire, England.
The station was opened on 29 June 1904 and was the first halt when travelling north along the valley of the River Hamps between Waterhouses and Beeston Tor, the next station, and the start of the route along the River Manifold The station, which was simply a small halt with a grand sign, only in fact served Lee House Farm, for there was no such settlement of this name, and no other community to serve aside from Waterfall which was a distance away. A waiting room was consequently not provided, but a siding was provided for the farm\'s use, and this included a 60-foot standard gauge section, for the use of standard gauge wagons which were carried on special low transporter wagons.
The line closed in 1934, and the route of the railway past the station is now designated the Manifold Way, a walk- and cycle-path
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# Yevgraph Tyurin
**Yefgraph Dmitrievich Tyurin** (Russian: Евграф Дмитриевич Тюрин) was a Russian architect and art collector, famous as the builder of Elokhovo Cathedral in Moscow, the main cathedral of Russian Orthodox Church in 1945--2000, and Moscow State University expansion in 1830. Tyurin's life and work, especially in his later years, was poorly documented. His life period is usually presented as 1792--1870, however, recent studies by Sophia Tyurina-Mitrokhina extend it, most likely, to 1793--1875.
*This article is based on biography by Sophia Tyurina-Mitrokhina (2005 edition)*
## Biography
### Early years {#early_years}
Tyurin was a free born from low classes. The year of his birth is disputed (1792, 1793, 1796). In 1805--1813, Tyurin studied practical construction crafts in the Moscow Kremlin Building Commission, then headed by Kremlin Administrator Pyotr Stepanovich Valuev (1743--1814). Later, Tyrin studied architecture under Domenico Giliardi. Since 1816, Tyurin was involved in temporary repairs of the old Great Kremlin Palace, first under Ivan Mironovsky (1774--1860), then under Vasily Stasov.
### Arkhangelskoye Estate (1817--1830s) {#arkhangelskoye_estate_18171830s}
Prince Nikolay Yusupov, who replaced late Valuev as the Kremlin Administrator, assigned Tyurin to assist in rebuilding his Arkhangelskoye estate, damaged in 1812. Tyrin joined a team of architects, initially led by Joseph Bove. Later, after an accidental fire in 1829, he was the sole architect rebuilding Arkhangelskoye. His most valuable, undisputed extant input is the 1818 "Caprice" (Little Palace), restored in 1970 to Tyurin's original drafts.
### Kolomenskoye (1820s) {#kolomenskoye_1820s}
Original wooden Kolomenskoye Palace was torn down in the age of Catherine II. In the 1820s, Tyurin was assigned to rebuild the Palace. His design mixed traditional Neoclassical order with irregular composition of the old Palace, crowned with various towers and tented roofs. Tsar Nicholas I eventually dismissed Tyurin when his structure was already topped out, and installed Andrei Stackenschneider to rebuild it anew. In the end, Tyurin's structure was abandoned and demolished. Tyurin is also credited with the extant Lipki Pavilion and repairs of Kazan Church.
### Kritsky Affair (1826) {#kritsky_affair_1826}
In 1826, Tyurin\'s younger brothers, Daniil and Nikolay, were involved in so-called Kritsky Brothers Circle, a group of six \"revolutionary\" students aged 17 to 21. Tsar Nicholas personally dispatched Daniil to Schlisselburg prison, without trial and without any definite term of punishment. Yevgraph\'s career was damaged, nearly to the point of personal bankruptcy; he had to sell his house in Znamenka Street (now, badly rebuilt, it belongs to Shilov Gallery).
### University Expansion (1833--1836) {#university_expansion_18331836}
Main University hall, restored in 1817--1819 by Domenico Giliardi after the Fire of Moscow (1812), immediately required expansion. Nicholas I arranged buyout of adjacent, incomplete Pashkov House (not to be confused with the surviving Pashkov House, part of the Russian State Library, assigning the project to Tyurin. The new structure became Auditorium Building, flanked by University Library (left) and Saint Tatiana church, right. Tyurin had a talent of building urban public buildings with a spirit of country palaces, opposed to the practical looks of Giliardi and Kazakov's designs. The corner rotunda church of St.Tatiana, designed as the visual anchor of University, was destroyed in 1919 and restored in the 1990s ([photo and schedule](http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/11.htm)).
### Elokhovo Cathedral (1837--1845) {#elokhovo_cathedral_18371845}
Tyrin\'s Cathedral stands on the site of an older church built in the 1720s, famous as the site of Alexander Pushkin baptism. Tyurin's role was forgotten until 1923, when V.V.Zgura found architect's original records in the church archive, and now Elokhovo is credited to Yevgraph Tyurin alone. The church is known as \"the last, ideologically, statement of a great era in arts, Russian Empire\" (Zgura: \"идеологически последний архитектурный памятник великой художественной эпохи -- русского ампира\"), since in 1838 Nicholas I mandated use of Konstantin Thon\'s Byzantine eclectics (see Russian Revival). Tyurin\'s design is not free from eclectics, too, as is seen from excessive decoration of main dome drum and portico.
### Disputed works {#disputed_works}
Tyurin\'s work on the Neskuchnoe Palace in Moscow, under his old mentor Ivan Mironovsky, is a well-known fact, but his actual personal input to this project is not clear. Tyurin was also credited with the Trinity Church of Danilov Monastery, which is now attributed to Joseph Bove.
### Art collection {#art_collection}
Tyurin, collecting art since the 1820s, had a vision of a public art gallery in Moscow which became his idée fixe. Later, when he negotiated donating his collection to Moscow University, he estimated its size at 415 paintings --- of Italian, Dutch and Russian masters. Tyurin used to take fees in paintings, not money; in the end of his life, he sold the treasure and it dispersed. He died and was buried in Tula
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# NGC 5398
**NGC 5398** is a barred spiral galaxy in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It was discovered June 3, 1836 by John Herschel. Distance estimates range from `{{val|5.39|u=Mpc}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{val|18.30|u=Mpc}}`{=mediawiki}. The tip of the red-giant branch method yields a distance of `{{val|11.6|u=Mpc}}`{=mediawiki}, while the Tully--Fisher relation shows values of around `{{val|8.5|u=Mpc}}`{=mediawiki}. It is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of `{{val|1219|u=km/s|fmt=commas}}`{=mediawiki}.
The morphological class of NGC 5398 is SB(rs)dm, indicating this is a spiral galaxy with an inner bar (SB) and incomplete ring (rs) structures, plus broken, irregular spiral arms (dm). The galactic plane is inclined at an angle of 53° to the line of sight from the Earth. The oval outline of the disk has an angular size of `{{nowrap|2.8{{prime}} × 1.7{{prime}}}}`{=mediawiki} at a limiting magnitude of 25, with the major axis aligned along a position angle of 172°.
At the southwestern end of the bar lies a giant H II region (GHR) designated Tol 89. It spans a region of `{{nowrap|1.7 × 1.2 kpc}}`{=mediawiki} with an absolute magnitude of −14.8 in the B (blue) band, making it \"one of the most impressive GHRs known\". This is the only large site in NGC 5398 that is undergoing star formation, and it suggests that NGC 5398 is engaged in some form of interaction
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# Merlyna Lim
**Merlyna Lim** is a scholar studying ICT (information and communication studies), particularly on the socio-political shaping of new media in non-Western contexts. She has been appointed a Canada Research Chair in [Digital Media and Global Network Society](http://research.carleton.ca/2014/carleton-university-welcomes-new-canada-research-chair-renews-two-current-chairs/) in the School of Journalism and Communication Carleton University. Formerly she was a visiting research scholar at Princeton University\'s Center for Information Technology Policy and a distinguished scholar of technology and public engagement of the School of Social Transformation Justice and Social Inquiry Program and the Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes at Arizona State University. She previously held a networked public research associate position at the Annenberg Center for Communication at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. She received her PhD, with distinction (cum laude), from University of Twente in Enschede, Netherlands, with a dissertation entitled *\@rchipelago Online: The Internet and Political Activism in Indonesia*.
## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
- 2023 One of 25 Most Notable Alumni of University of Twente
- 2023 One of 63 Most Notable Alumni of Bandung Institute of Technology
- 2021 Featured as one of research leaders of the Asian Heritage Month in Canada
- 2020 International Women's Day Top 10 Women Leaders and Researchers
- 2020 One of 100 Most Influential Alumni of ITB Bandung Institute of Technology
- 2019 Graduate Mentoring Award, Carleton University
- 2017 First place, People's Choice Award, the Jackson's Art International Urban Sketching Competition
- 2016 Elected a member of Royal Society of Canada\'s College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists
- 2014 Canada Research Chair in Digital Media and Global Network Society
- 2013 Visiting Fellowship, Princeton University\'s Center for Information Technology Policy
- 2011 Selected as one of Indonesian 100 Most Inspiring Women---2011 Kartini Awards
- 2010 Our Common Future Fellowship in \'Future Technologies\' from the Volkswagen Foundation
- 2009 Faculty Star of Global Minds from ASU College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.
- 2005-2006 Walter Annenberg funded Networked Publics Fellowship, Annenberg Center for Communication, Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles.
- 2004 Henry Luce funded Southeast Asia Fellowship, East West Center Washington, Washington D.C.
- 2003 Oxford and Open society Institute Summer Doctoral Scholarship at Oxford Internet Institute.
- 2003-2004 WOTRO-DC Fellowship from the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (NWO-WOTRO)
- 2002 American Society of Information Technology and Science (ASIST) International Paper Contest Winner.
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# Merlyna Lim
## Publications
- Lim, M. 2023. From activist media to algorithmic politics: The Internet, Social Media & Civil Society in Southeast Asia, in E. Hansson & M. Weiss (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Civil and Uncivil Society in Southeast Asia (pp. 25-44). New York & London: Routledge.
- Lim, M. 2023. "Everything everywhere all at once": Social Media, Algorithmic/Marketing Culture, and Activism in Southeast Asia. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 24(2): 181-190. <https://doi.org/10.1353/gia.2023.a913644>.
- Lim, M. 2020. Algorithmic enclaves: Affective politics and algorithms in the neoliberal social media landscape. In M. Boler & E. Davis (eds.), Affective Politics of Digital Media: Propaganda by Other Means (pp. 186-203). New York & London: Routledge.
- Lim, M. 2022. Alternative Imaginations: Confronting and Challenging the Persistent Centrism in Social Media-Society Research. Journal of Asian Social Science Research, 4(1), 1-22. <https://doi.org/10.15575/jassr.v4i1.59>
- Lim, M. 2022. #Coronaconspiracy: Algorithms, Users, and Conspiracy Theories in Social Media. M/C Journal, 25(1). <https://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/2877>
- Lim, M. 2020. The politics and perils of dis/connection in the Global South (Crosscurrent: The Limits and Boundaries of Digital Disconnection). Media, Culture & Society. <https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720914032>
- Lim, M. 2019. Disciplining Dissent:Freedom, Control, and Digital Activism in Southeast Asia, in R. Padawangi (ed.) Routledge Handbook of Urbanization in Southeast Asia, Routledge, 478-494.
- Lim, M. 2018. Roots, Routes, Routers: Communications and Media of Contemporary Social Movements. Journalism & Communication Monographs Series (Volume 2 Number 2 Summer 2018)
- Lim, M. 2018. Sticks and Stones, Clicks and Phones: Contextualizing the Role of Digital Media in the Politics of Transformation, in C. Richter & C. Harders, & A. Antonakis-Nashif (eds.) Digital Media and the Politics of Transformation in the Arab World and Asia, Berlin: Springer VS, 9-34. \[PDF\]
- Lim, M. 2018. Dis/Connecting: The co--evolution of socio--cultural and material infrastructures of the internet in Indonesia. Indonesia, 105(April): 155-172.
- Lim, M. 2018. Challenging technological utopianism. Canadian Journal of Communication, 43(3): 375-379. \[PDF\]
- Mitchell, SSD & Lim, M. 2018. Too Crowded for Crowdsourced Journalism: Reddit and Citizen Participation in the Syrian Crisis. Canadian Journal of Communication, 43(3): 399-419.
- Alrasheed, G. & Lim, M. 2018. Unveiling Saudi Feminism(s): Historicization, Heterogeneity, and Corporeality in the Women's Movements. Canadian Journal of Communication, 43(3): 461-79.
- Lim, M. 2017. Freedom to Hate: Social Media, Algorithmic Enclaves, and the Rise of Tribal Nationalism in Indonesia. Critical Asian Studies. 49(3): 411-427. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2017.1341188>
- Lim, M. 2017. Sweeping the Unclean: Social Media and the Bersih Electoral Reform in Malaysia. Global Media Journal, 14(27).
- Lim, M. 2017. Digital Media and Malaysia's Electoral Reform Movement, in W. Berenschot, Schulte Nordholt & L. Bakker (eds.), Citizenship and Democratization in Southeast Asia, Leiden: Brill Academic Publisher, 213--239.
- Yuce, S., Agarwal, N., Lim, M., Robinson, R.S., Wigand, R. 2016. Bridging Women Rights Networks: Analyzing Interconnected Online Collective Actions, in Information Resources Management Association (ed.), Politics and Social Activism: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, Hershey PA: IGI Global, 551--571.
- Lim, M. 2015. A Cyber--Urban Space Odyssey: The Spatiality of Contemporary Social Movements. New Geographies, 07: 117--123.
- Yuce, S. , Agarwal, N., Lim, M. , Robinson, R.S. , Wigand, R. 2015. Bridging Women Rights Networks: Analyzing Interconnected Online Collective Actions. Journal of Global Information Management, 22(4): 1--20. <http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2014100101>
- Agarwal, N., Lim, M., Wigand, R. (eds.) 2014. Online Collective Action: Dynamics of the Crowd in Social Media, New York/Heidelberg: Springer.
- Lim, M. 2014. Seeing Spatially: People, Networks and Movements in Digital and Urban Spaces, International Development Planning Review, 36(1): 51--72. <http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2014.4>
- Lim, M. 2013. Framing Bouazizi: White Lies, Hybrid Network, and Collective/Connective Action in the 2010--2011 Tunisian Uprising, Journalism, 14(7): 921-941. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884913478359>
- Lim, M. 2013. Many Clicks but Little Sticks: Social Media Activism in Indonesia, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 43(4): 636--657. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2013.769386>.
- Lim, M. 2013. The Internet and Everyday Life in Indonesia: New Moral Panics? Bijdragen tot de Taal--, Land-- en Volkenkunde (BKI) / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia and Oceania, 169(1): 133--147. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379–12340008>. \[PDF\]
- Lim, M. (2012). Life is Local in the Imagined Global Community: Islam and Politics in the Indonesian Blogosphere, Journal of Media and Religion, Vol. 11(2).
- Lim, M. (2012). Clicks, Cabs, Coffee Houses: Social Media and the Oppositional Movements in Egypt (2004--2011), Journal of Communication, Vol. 62(02, April), 231--248.
- Agarwal, N., Lim, M., & Wigand, R. (2012) Online Collective Action and the Role of Social Media in Mobilizing Opinions: A Case Study on Women\'s Right-to-Drive Campaigns in Saudi Arabia, in C. G. Reddick & S. K. Aikins (eds.), Web 2.0 Technologies and Democratic Governance: Political, Policy and Management Implications.
- Agarwal, N., Lim, M., & Wigand, R. (2012) Raising and Rising Voices: Cyber-Collective Movements in the Female Muslim Blogosphere, Business & Information Systems Engineering Journal.
- Lim, M. (2011). Democratised/Corporatised: Contesting Media in the Post-Authoritarian Indonesia, in Puddephatt, A. et al., A New Frontier, An Old Landscape, Global Partners & Associates, pp. 156--181.
- Lim, M. (2011) Radical Islamism in Indonesia and Its Middle Eastern Connections, The Middle East Review of International Affairs Journal.
- Lim, M. (2011) Transient Civic Spaces in Jakarta Indonesia in Mike Douglass, KC Ho, Ooi Giok Ling (eds.) Globalization, the City and Civil Society in Pacific Asia, London: Routledge (2nd edition).
- Lim, M. (2009) \"Muslim Voices in the Blogosphere: Mosaics of Local-Global Discourses\" in Gerard Goggin and Mark McLelland \[eds.\], Internationalizing Internet: Beyond Anglophone Paradigm, London: Routledge, p. 178-195.
- Lim, M and Padawangi, R. (2008), \"Contesting Alun-Alun: Power Relations, Identities, and The Production of Urban Spaces in Bandung, Indonesia\" International Development and Planning Review, Vol. 30 (3), pp. 307--326.
- Lim, M. and Kann, M. (2008), \"Politics: Deliberation, Mobilization and Networked Practices of Agitation\" in K. Varnelis (ed.) Networked Publics, Cambridge: MIT Press, p. 77-107.
- Lim, M. (2008), \"Bundling Meta-Narratives on the Internet: Conflict in Maluku\" in Shyam Tekwani (ed.), Media and Conflict in Asia, Marshall Cavendish Academic
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# Victor Dominicis
**Victor Dominicis** is a New York punk rock guitarist known for the bands Nausea and for playing bass guitar in Reagan Youth. He is notable for being a pioneer in the American crust punk style blending punk and heavy metal. His influence can be seen in countless metal and punk bands that have followed. He currently plays lead guitar in the New York-based surf/instrumental group The Coffin Daggers
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# Cyborg Commando
***Cyborg Commando*** is a post-apocalyptic role-playing game (RPG) published by New Infinities Productions, Inc. (NIPI) in 1987. The designers were well-known in the role-playing game market --- Gary Gygax, Frank Mentzer and Kim Mohan, but despite this name recognition, the game was a commercial failure.
## Description
The game is set in 2035 when Earth is invaded by aliens called Xenoborgs. For its defense, humanity has developed a new kind of soldier: the Cyborg Commando, a mechanical/electronical human-like structure that can be implanted with a willing human\'s brain.
## 10X system {#x_system}
*Cyborg Commando* introduced the \"10X\" dice-rolling mechanism: To determine the success or failure of a skill challenge or combat, the player rolls two 10-sided dice and multiplies the results. (Example: The player rolls a 2 and a 10 and multiplies them together for a result of 20.) Unlike many role-playing games of the time where higher results were more favorable, in this game, lower results are needed for success.
## Publication history {#publication_history}
Gary Gygax was the co-creator of the fantasy role-playing game *Dungeons & Dragons* first published by TSR in 1974. But by 1986, Gygax had lost control of TSR, and left the company to form NIPI, taking former TSR employees Frank Menzer and Kim Mohan with him. *Cyborg Commando* was their first game, designed by Mohan and Mentzer based on an outline by Gygax. Although the names of the creators, well-known by game players, featured heavily in the game\'s promotion, the grim dystopian setting and robots with human brains failed to click with Gygax\'s fantasy gamers. As game critic Rick Swan noted, \"Its difficult rules and narrow scope severely limited its appeal.\" Ultimately, the game was a commercial failure.
Although two more boxed sets were planned and promoted, in the end, only three adventures for the game system were ever published:
1. *San Francisco Knights* 1987 `{{ISBN|0-941993-21-3}}`{=mediawiki}
2. *Film at Eleven* 1987 `{{ISBN|0-941993-22-1}}`{=mediawiki}
3. *Operation Bifrost* 1988 `{{ISBN|0-941993-24-8}}`{=mediawiki}
### Novels
Three *Cyborg Commando* novels were published not long after the game with minor modifications of Cyborg Commando\'s skills and behaviour, which prompted a short explanation at the back of the books for game owners detailing why the changes were made.
1. *Planet in Peril* by Kim Mohan and Pamela O\'Neill. Published in November 1987 by Ace/New Infinities, Inc. `{{ISBN|0-441-66883-6}}`{=mediawiki}.
2. *Chase into Space* by Kim Mohan and Pamela O\'Neill. Published in January 1988 by New Infinities, Inc. `{{ISBN|0-441-10294-8}}`{=mediawiki}.
3. *The Ultimate Prize* by Kim Mohan and Pamela O\'Neill. Published in March 1988 by New Infinities, Inc. `{{ISBN|0-441-84325-5}}`{=mediawiki}.
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# Cyborg Commando
## Reception
Stewart Wieck reviewed *Cyborg Commando* in *White Wolf* #9 (1988), rating it an 8 out of 10 and stated that \"This is not a game for the beginner. The material can be daunting even in the eyes of a seasoned gamer. Surprisingly, all this glitter is gold.\"
In his 1990 book *The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games*, game critic Rick Swan thought the game was \"a first-rate design --- innovative, compelling and startling in its uncompromising approach to science-fiction gaming.\" However, Swan warned that \"Though the rules are straightforward and clearly explained, they\'re also quite complicated \... The no-nonsense approach and sheer volume of detail can overwhelm even the most experienced player.\" Swan concluded by giving the game an excellent rating of 3.5 out of 4, saying, \"For those up to the challenge, it\'s definitely worth checking out --- *Cyborg Commando* is hardcore role-playing at its best.\"
Lynn Bryant reviewed the novels *Planet in Peril* and *Chase into Space* in *Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer* No. 83, and commented that \"They prove to be tightly written, well plotted, full of action, and just plain good reading. You get insight into what it is like to lose most of your body to mechanical substitutes and then have to fight a war. There is also a good sense of the outrage all the race will feel at being invaded. Even if you never look at the game, you\'ll enjoy the books.\"
Writing 27 years after *Cyborg Commando*{{\'}}s publication, game historian Shannon Appelcline noted the game\'s complex rules and the lack of connection to Gygax\'s *D&D* fans, and wrote, \"As a result of these various factors, *Cyborg Commando* is today seen as one of the biggest flops in the industry
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# Happiness (Matthew Ryan album)
***Happiness*** is an album released by Matthew Ryan in 2002 on One Little Indian. It was recorded in his own home.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All words and music by Matthew Ryan, except where noted.
1. \"Rain, Rain, Rain\" -- 1:32
2. \"Veteran\'s Day\" -- 3:25
3. \"Something in the Night\" (Bruce Springsteen) -- 3:25
4. \"Fd29yrblues\" -- 2:32
5. \"Cut Through\" -- 2:32
6. \"The Ballad of So and So\" -- 4:07
7. \"I\'m an American\" -- 2:56
8. \"I Can\'t Steal You\" -- 4:04
9. \"After the Last Day of a Heat Wave\" (Matthew Ryan, David Ricketts) -- 3:23
10. \"Emergency Room Machines Say Breathe\" -- 7:23
11. \"Song for Sons\" -- 2:48
12
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# Spartan (apple)
The **Spartan** is an cultivated variety or cultivar of apple developed by R. C Palmer and introduced in 1936 from the Federal Agriculture Research Station in Summerland, British Columbia, now known as the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre - Summerland. The Spartan is notable for being the first new breed of apple produced from a formal scientific breeding program. The apple was initially believed to be a cross between two North American cultivars, the McIntosh and the Newtown Pippin, but subsequent genetic analysis revealed that the Newtown Pippin was not one of the parents. The identity of this parent remains a mystery. The Spartan is considered a good all-purpose apple. The apple is of medium size and has a bright-red blush, but can have background patches of greens and yellows.
## Disease susceptibility {#disease_susceptibility}
- Scab: high
- Powdery mildew: high
- Cedar apple rust: high
- Fire blight: medium
## Sports and descendants {#sports_and_descendants}
- \'Hunter Spartan\', a tetraploid form of \'Spartan\'
## Gallery
Спартан (сорт яблук) IMG 0468 02.JPG\|apple from Chernihiv (Ukraine), 2014 Spartan Apple.jpg\|green - they grew in shadow <File:Cross> section of Hunter Spartan, National Fruit Collection (acc. 1974-062).jpg\|Hunter spartan Apples_in_basket_2018_G1.jpg\|apples in a basket
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# Ronald W. Yates
General **Ronald Wilburn Yates** (born October 3, 1938) served as Commander, Air Force Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. As AFMC Commander, Yates was responsible for research, development, test, acquisition and logistics support for the Air Force from 18 specialized centers and 116,000 military and civilian employees around the world.
## Background
Yates graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1960. He has served as a test pilot, flying a variety of modified fighter aircraft, as program manager for a variety of weapon systems, and as commander of a test wing. General Yates also served as commander of Air Force Systems Command. He is a command test pilot with more than 4,400 flying hours, and flew 100 combat missions in Southeast Asia. In March 1994 he was inducted into the AFMC Order of the Sword. He retired from active duty on July 1, 1995.
## Education
- 1960 Bachelor of Science degree in military science, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado
- 1964 Squadron Officer School, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
- 1969 Aerospace Research Pilot School, Edwards Air Force Base, California
- 1970 Master of Science degree in systems management, University of Southern California
- 1970 Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
- 1973 Defense Systems Management College, Fort Belvoir, Virginia
- 1977 Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.
## Assignments
- June 1960 - November 1962, student, aviation training, Spence AB, Georgia, Webb AFB and Perrin AFB, Texas
- December 1962 - June 1964, pilot, 68th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Itazuke Air Base, Japan
- June 1964 - June 1966, pilot, 509th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Clark AB, Philippines
- July 1966 - December 1970, student, test pilot, Aerospace Research Pilot School; then Chief, Aerospace Research Pilot Branch, Aerospace Research Pilot School, Edwards AFB, California
- January 1971 - January 1973, Director, Senior Officer Management, Headquarters Air Force Systems Command, Andrews AFB, Maryland
- January 1973 - July 1973, student, Defense Systems Management College, Fort Belvoir, Virginia
- July 1973 - August 1976, Director, Development Test, A-10 System Program Office, Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
- August 1976 - June 1977, student, Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.
- July 1977 - March 1979, program element monitor, F-16 program, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Research and Development, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.
- April 1979 - June 1980, Deputy Program Director, F-15 program, Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
- July 1980 - July 1981, Program Director, F-15 program, Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
- July 1981 - April 1983, Commander, 4950th Test Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
- April 1983 - August 1983, Director, tactical systems, Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
- August 1983 - July 1986, System Program Director, F-16 System Program Office, Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
- July 1986 - January 1989, Director, Tactical Programs, Office of the Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Washington, D.C.
- January 1989 - April 1990, Principal Deputy, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Washington, D.C
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# Dexippus (philosopher)
**Dexippus** (*Δέξιππος*; `{{fl|350}}`{=mediawiki}) was an Ancient Greek Neoplatonist philosopher from the 4th century AD, whose wrote a commentary on the *Categories* of Aristotle which is partially extant.
Dexippus was likely a pupil of the Neoplatonist Iamblichus, but little else in known about his life. Like many other neoplatonists, Dexippus advocated harmony between the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle. In his work, Dexippus explains the categories to a student named Seleucus, and endeavors at the same time to refute the objections of Plotinus. His work was known to the later Neoplatonist Simplicius of Cilicia, who mentions his commentary in his own work on the categories.
## Life
Very little is known about Dexippus\' life. He was likely a student of the more famous Neoplatonist Iamblichus, who wrote a philosophical letter addressed to Dexippus explaining dialectics, a fragment of which has been preserved by Stobaeus.
## Commentary on Aristotle\'s *Categories* {#commentary_on_aristotles_categories}
The only known work by Dexippus is his commentary on Aristotle\'s *Categories*. It is written in the form of a dialogue between the author and his young pupil Seleucus, with the pupil posing the problems and the teacher solving them. The first two books have survived in a complete form, while the third is only partially extant. The first book contains 40 chapters, each devoted to a problem, the second 42. Of the 40 chapters of the third book, the first ten have survived in full, of the remaining thirty only the headings are available, which are probably not authentic. If the work dealt with the entire theory of categories, its size must originally have been several times that of the surviving text.
At the beginning, Dexippus points out that he does not want to venture into new philosophical territory with his own findings and compete with earlier commentators. Rather, he contented himself with clarifying a number of controversially discussed questions. In his answers, he relies heavily on the commentaries on the *Categories* written by Porphyry and Iamblichus, both of which are lost except for fragments. Due to the loss of these commentaries, the work of Dexippus, despite its low originality, has a relatively high value as a source of the historical philosophy of these thinkers. In the second and third books, Dexippus deals with Plotinus\'s objections to Aristotle\'s theory of categories. In doing so, he not only deals with arguments that can be found in Plotinus\' *Enneads*, but also with considerations that Porphyry, as a pupil of Plotinus, probably knew from his oral lessons and used in his lost commentary.
In his commentary, in addition to explaining the *Categories* and clarifying ambiguities, Dexippus also discusses difficult issues. Dexippus intended to show that Platonic and Aristotelian ideas can be reconciled. He is particularly interested in the central question of the ontological status of the categories from a Neoplatonic point of view. In doing so, he represents the current position of the Neoplatonists, according to which the classification of categories is not suitable for capturing things in themselves, but is an adequate means of classifying perceptible phenomena. Porphyry had defended the theory of categories against Plotinus\'s objections in his large commentary on *Categories*, which has not survived, while Dexippus\' teacher Iamblichus had also emphatically advocated it. Dexippus shared this view, which prevailed in late antique Neoplatonism, but while Iamblichus tried to refute Plotinus\' arguments against the doctrine of categories, Dexippus endeavored to demonstrate that the positions of Plotinus and Aristotle are not so far apart as Plotinus\' anti-Aristotelian arguments might suggest.
## Legacy
In the early 6th century, the work of Dexippus was still known in the Neoplatonic philosophical school of Athens, where it was available to Simplicius of Cilicia, who mentions it in his own work on the Categories. Unlike modern manuscripts, Simplicius probably had access to a manuscript containing the full text. However, he hardly paid attention to this source; presumably he did not use it at all because he was of the opinion that Dexippus added little new to *Categories* commentaries of Porphyry and Iamblichus.
In the Latin-speaking scholarly world of the Middle Ages, Dexippus was unknown. However, in the Renaissance, the humanist Johannes Bernardus Felicianus, who translated a number of ancient Greek writings into Latin in the first half of the 16th century, made a Latin translation of Dexippus\' *Categories* commentary printed in Venice in 1546 and in Paris in 1549. Leonhard von Spengel published the first edition of the Greek text in 1859. An English translation by John M. Dillon was published in 1990
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# Slovak Resistance Air Force
The **Slovak Resistance Air Force** (in Slovak: *Slovenské povstalecké letectvo*) was an Allied air unit which fought against Axis forces in Slovakia and participated in the Slovak National Uprising in August--October 1944.
## History
The Slovak National Uprising, organized by Slovak military resistance, began in unfavourable conditions on 29 August 1944. In the first few days the resistance lost major airfields in Piešťany, Spišská Nová Ves, Poprad, Vajnory near Bratislava and Trenčín, but they kept a large area in central Slovakia with Tri Duby airfield (today called Sliač Airport) and a temporary airstrip near Zolná.
All military aircraft of the resistance air force formed a reconnaissance-bomber unit, called the Combined Squadron. It consisted of four Avia B-534 biplane fighters, three older Letov Š-328 light bombers, and two obsolete Bf 109E-4. They were later reinforced by two other Bf 109G-6s and one Focke-Wulf Fw 189, which escaped from eastern Slovakia to the Soviets in Poland, after the resistance army in eastern Slovakia were surrounded and disarmed by Germans. Other aircraft reported to be in resistance hands were two Klemm Kl 35, some Heinkel He 72 Kadett and two Savoia-Marchetti SM.84 medium bombers, captured during combat. The resistance army had trouble supplying their air force, especially ammunition for the German machine-guns of the Bf 109s.
The Soviets provided help for the uprising on 17 September 1944, when they moved the 1st Czechoslovak Fighter Air Regiment under the command of Captain František Fajtl. This unit, flying the Lavochkin La-5FN, consisted of skilled fighter pilots - in particular, Czechoslovak volunteers from the RAF. Resistance pilots flew 923 sorties and destroyed 40 Axis planes. They also flew many reconnaissance flights and attacked ground targets. Air support activity in Slovakia at the end of 1944 was often disrupted by poor weather and low clouds, which made flights in mountainous central Slovakia very risky. Units provided air cover for the uprising from the Zolná and Tri Duby airfields until 25 October 1944. Finally, as the last airfield in insurgent hands, Tri Duby was threatened by artillery fire and the advance of German troops.
As the uprising was overrun by the Germans at the end of October 1944, the commander-in-chief of the resistance army, Rudolf Viest, ordered the Air Force to withdraw from central Slovakia to airfields secured by Red Army in Poland. Most of the pilots joined the 1st Czechoslovak Combined Air Division, which took part in liberating Poland and Czechoslovakia at the beginning of 1945.
## Members of Slovak Resistance Air Force {#members_of_slovak_resistance_air_force}
- Rudolf Božík
- František Cyprich
- Belo Kubica
- Sava Poljanec
- František Hanovec
- Štefan Ocvirk
- František Brezina
- Imrich Štosel
- Michal Ilovský
- Jozef Modrovich
## Aircraft related with Slovak Resistance Air Force {#aircraft_related_with_slovak_resistance_air_force}
- Focke-Wulf Fw 189A-1 (1)
- Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4 (2)
- Messerschmitt Bf 109G-6 (2)
- Avia B-534.IV (4)
- Letov Š-328 (3 examples)
- Heinkel He 72B-1 Kadett (various)
- Klemm Kl 35D (2 examples)
- Savoia-Marchetti SM
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# Penny war
A **penny war** is a fundraising competition where two or more groups collect coins and bills in an effort to score points based on the amount and denomination collected.
Each group has a bucket for collecting the money; typically groups collect coins, but dollar bills may also be accepted. The value of any pennies collected by a group count toward that group\'s point total, while the value of other coins or dollar bills are subtracted. Hence, in a competition between Group A and Group B, a contributor who wants Group A to win will place pennies into Group A\'s bucket and nickels, dimes, quarters, or dollar bills into Group B\'s bucket.
At the end, a winner among the groups is declared, sometimes earning a small prize. The proceeds are donated to a specified charity or cause
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