question
stringlengths
37
38.8k
group_id
int64
0
74.5k
sentence_embeddings
sequencelengths
1.02k
1.02k
<p>While analysing the effect of environmental data on the activity of an animal species (the latter given as count data) I am fitting negative binomial GLMs with one predictor using the MASS library in R. Unfortunatley, the data set is very small (n=7 to 9).</p> <p>In some cases, the theta value in glm.nb gets very large (accompanied with the warning "iteration limit reached"), possibly indicating that there's no overdispersion and a poisson GLM might be a better choice. Using a poisson GLM, however, a residual deviance of e.g. 150 on 7 degrees of freedom indicates that there actually is overdispersion - or did I miss something? </p> <p>Using a quasi-poisson GLM works, but I would like to retain ML-based measures such as AIC and Vuong test for model comparison. Any suggestions for alternative approaches are greatly appreciated! </p>
36,713
[ -0.037002794444561005, -0.016582464799284935, -0.01602390594780445, -0.005691899452358484, 0.012937488034367561, -0.0076033128425478935, -0.011313652619719505, 0.0157239381223917, 0.0255771242082119, -0.022816520184278488, 0.01995786838233471, 0.048772092908620834, 0.07141026109457016, 0.0240114014595747, -0.012243625707924366, -0.01900220289826393, -0.007725265342742205, -0.023671742528676987, 0.012416246347129345, -0.03027321957051754, -0.0023589422926306725, 0.05422692373394966, 0.03156919404864311, 0.004852697253227234, -0.021642126142978668, 0.05765720456838608, 0.049674369394779205, -0.021122822538018227, -0.02298530377447605, 0.01715140976011753, -0.05841805413365364, -0.009851344861090183, 0.009619600139558315, 0.02231309749186039, 0.022121567279100418, 0.010426992550492287, -0.033344123512506485, -0.053290873765945435, 0.012866818346083164, 0.04039299860596657, -0.017426125705242157, -0.05265146121382713, -0.0008837530040182173, 0.007716104853898287, -0.005416424013674259, -0.009929904714226723, -0.0009382896823808551, -0.027345044538378716, 0.06429605185985565, -0.011426914483308792, 0.045131850987672806, 0.01785064861178398, 0.015917478129267693, 0.038103137165308, -0.014748071320354939, -0.009632432833313942, 0.053071871399879456, 0.03984513506293297, -0.008481542579829693, -0.04236404597759247, -0.03413180261850357, -0.050969380885362625, 0.011648038402199745, -0.020437834784388542, 0.009527788497507572, 0.017135825008153915, 0.0099354088306427, -0.02965731918811798, 0.06368739902973175, 0.014757799915969372, 0.05049871653318405, -0.013285218738019466, 0.038000695407390594, 0.03314701467752457, 0.011412412859499454, -0.01259300671517849, 0.022449538111686707, 0.0235291775316, 0.042869288474321365, 0.05256366357207298, -0.021272018551826477, 0.034434281289577484, -0.016972139477729797, 0.015656989067792892, 0.048873256891965866, -0.03151202201843262, 0.04136178642511368, -0.02786458097398281, -0.03334391489624977, 0.05449746176600456, -0.025416994467377663, 0.015885833650827408, 0.05566495656967163, 0.014509464614093304, -0.055941157042980194, 0.05712856724858284, -0.015167457982897758, 0.018549248576164246, 0.021948188543319702, 0.019818434491753578, -0.05827292054891586, -0.05651286989450455, 0.02512998692691326, 0.04788712412118912, -0.08883809298276901, -0.001437503146007657, -0.03346771374344826, -0.040462397038936615, -0.0041632321663200855, -0.037523042410612106, -0.0020451839081943035, -0.011680872179567814, 0.035114843398332596, -0.026732729747891426, -0.00852237455546856, -0.02044091932475567, -0.0033643688075244427, -0.0022745670285075903, 0.02532755210995674, 0.0711703971028328, 0.008712911047041416, 0.014984101988375187, 0.04602236673235893, -0.059818726032972336, -0.05658856779336929, -0.0030185135547071695, 0.031230686232447624, -0.025463128462433815, -0.04859305918216705, 0.04755318909883499, 0.0004542287497315556, -0.014155403710901737, 0.07198305428028107, -0.031478121876716614, 0.04403186962008476, -0.01666436903178692, -0.04440964758396149, -0.061451856046915054, 0.014320297166705132, -0.03037319704890251, 0.02693137899041176, -0.03825581446290016, -0.047472916543483734, -0.0018072486855089664, 0.025015151128172874, 0.054622504860162735, 0.04055476933717728, -0.010534181259572506, -0.008767494931817055, -0.010841256007552147, -0.016518274322152138, 0.008691283874213696, -0.026606490835547447, 0.002182507188990712, -0.01649036817252636, -0.0908990278840065, 0.04478926584124565, 0.007453403901308775, 0.019002793356776237, 0.022805659100413322, 0.011608925648033619, 0.0015343159902840853, 0.016609840095043182, -0.03296847268939018, 0.019938036799430847, 0.010485069826245308, 0.05668354779481888, -0.015201444737613201, 0.012663071975111961, -0.010715839453041553, -0.002760552102699876, 0.0033041343558579683, 0.022558869794011116, 0.048202432692050934, 0.058181047439575195, -0.011366271413862705, 0.03197893872857094, -0.04782715067267418, 0.048203758895397186, 0.025919204577803612, -0.028269760310649872, 0.0002704834332689643, -0.042954135686159134, -0.06062394008040428, 0.038164131343364716, 0.027166754007339478, -0.014375114813446999, -0.02272305078804493, 0.09456002712249756, -0.04726948216557503, -0.0683874785900116, -0.03598874434828758, 0.0035779783502221107, 0.0189167819917202, 0.002610184485092759, 0.04559944197535515, 0.013451168313622475, 0.03208479285240173, -0.030128072947263718, 0.014148307964205742, -0.017441680654883385, -0.009981978684663773, 0.028410108759999275, -0.02965904213488102, -0.024135179817676544, 0.04816790297627449, 0.0027871045749634504, -0.02960730344057083, 0.047525011003017426, -0.022073496133089066, -0.05281703174114227, 0.006252842489629984, -0.0332663394510746, 0.0010114294709637761, 0.008644860237836838, -0.02026193216443062, 0.038493745028972626, -0.012882050126791, -0.03731609135866165, 0.03197452425956726, -0.040535930544137955, 0.07853662222623825, 0.0681833028793335, 0.006373739801347256, 0.027746936306357384, 0.023218806833028793, 0.004447139333933592, -0.017068415880203247, -0.04267413914203644, 0.0008429966401308775, -0.04266302287578583, -0.011134757660329342, 0.06400102376937866, 0.0014189122011885047, -0.007735392544418573, 0.018411004915833473, 0.049225714057683945, -0.0015180247137323022, 0.013233778066933155, 0.0313180536031723, -0.020810455083847046, -0.001088263583369553, 0.028368612751364708, 0.03725001588463783, 0.02090996876358986, -0.009269315749406815, 0.05981834977865219, -0.007389141712337732, 0.022595927119255066, -0.0304949339479208, -0.026676122099161148, 0.05636904388666153, 0.023120181635022163, -0.020258650183677673, -0.028557593002915382, -0.014279033988714218, 0.04162539169192314, -0.01675385981798172, 0.029678380116820335, 0.01183341071009636, 0.023330243304371834, 0.00504723796620965, 0.007974808104336262, -0.04484916105866432, 0.01397696416825056, 0.052091583609580994, -0.03630350902676582, -0.024759741500020027, 0.021113544702529907, -0.03841964527964592, 0.004937505349516869, -0.0718236193060875, -0.07087153196334839, -0.046552177518606186, 0.06221001595258713, 0.05241622030735016, 0.03881596028804779, 0.013667852617800236, -0.033149946480989456, -0.005600485019385815, -0.05586973950266838, -0.0025472184643149376, 0.0190542321652174, 0.010151774622499943, -0.05624024197459221, -0.004122222773730755, -0.02639158070087433, -0.0020366248209029436, 0.027036495506763458, -0.0021736144553869963, -0.037156689912080765, 0.005847914610058069, 0.0017983652651309967, -0.027565982192754745, -0.01709914766252041, -0.01064204704016447, -0.06815484911203384, 0.005310539621859789, -0.021829234436154366, 0.029161609709262848, -0.011332232505083084, -0.038568321615457535, 0.008637603372335434, -0.0422661267220974, -0.023853011429309845, -0.02302975207567215, 0.026351524516940117, 0.018213005736470222, 0.008672860451042652, -0.0007928974227979779, 0.011730401776731014, 0.008042910136282444, -0.03718717023730278, -0.0819963812828064, -0.0523051880300045, -0.0066259498707950115, -0.011703714728355408, 0.04003036022186279, -0.012814637273550034, 0.008592808619141579, 0.08016504347324371, 0.05117297172546387, -0.002063401974737644, -0.044963110238313675, -0.03199760988354683, -0.022154519334435463, -0.03284332528710365, 0.04464864730834961, 0.005074165295809507, 0.03739166632294655, 0.03973698616027832, 0.007194868754595518, 0.039333902299404144, -0.004559566266834736, 0.02059052512049675, -0.03130654618144035, 0.04705008491873741, -0.016659818589687347, -0.002884228015318513, 0.0056493547745049, 0.021273482590913773, -0.020236365497112274, 0.009082859382033348, -0.01893835887312889, 0.019186001271009445, -0.009087909944355488, -0.05489377677440643, -0.00017578364349901676, 0.015671564266085625, 0.03426964953541756, -0.022811081260442734, 0.019346071407198906, -0.007782862521708012, -0.06421488523483276, -0.016969509422779083, 0.021263353526592255, 0.047643985599279404, -0.03195938095450401, -0.014307800680398941, 0.04779256135225296, 0.03194553032517433, -0.014341429807245731, 0.013650787062942982, -0.008116534911096096, 0.006482855416834354, -0.004845812916755676, -0.020913586020469666, -0.0070265172980725765, 0.027126232162117958, 0.031339921057224274, -0.0032655401155352592, -0.03463807329535484, -0.030289072543382645, -0.001391101977787912, -0.03498377278447151, 0.003956602420657873, -0.014597461558878422, 0.024806803092360497, -0.013271525502204895, 0.0028381571173667908, -0.01511075533926487, -0.025730011984705925, -0.004501014947891235, 0.018229473382234573, -0.04284593462944031, 0.015572920441627502, -0.009395362809300423, -0.005905061960220337, 0.042627375572919846, -0.004829848185181618, 0.05540948733687401, -0.00795248057693243, 0.04475406929850578, 0.000014964174624765292, 0.023943139240145683, -0.029917048290371895, 0.020974766463041306, -0.030077939853072166, -0.035805877298116684, -0.009256354533135891, 0.001741283806040883, 0.010077783837914467, -0.017831813544034958, 0.03005344234406948, 0.0049629476852715015, 0.0037123372312635183, -0.007294111885130405, -0.031986597925424576, 0.02166086435317993, -0.006607170682400465, 0.03844993934035301, 0.010577013716101646, 0.02766934223473072, -0.06497108936309814, 0.04060490429401398, -0.011724304407835007, 0.012404481880366802, 0.03802758827805519, 0.01649974286556244, -0.0052800895646214485, -0.05155563727021217, -0.02739325538277626, 0.013867020606994629, 0.017613215371966362, 0.038192857056856155, 0.001317524234764278, 0.03549466282129288, 0.015749355778098106, -0.04143819585442543, 0.0069292401894927025, 0.04681244120001793, 0.020422423258423805, 0.03477643430233002, -0.0192978885024786, 0.003437634324654937, 0.022443359717726707, 0.03507073596119881, 0.03295217454433441, -0.012128918431699276, 0.0053961751982569695, -0.02939828485250473, 0.04469984024763107, -0.041028447449207306, -0.018574118614196777, 0.007438951171934605, 0.009433409199118614, 0.04518364369869232, 0.0032402605284005404, -0.04066944122314453, -0.0015407714527100325, 0.003045171732082963, 0.04089971259236336, 0.05941472947597504, 0.020527249202132225, -0.0773768275976181, -0.024149250239133835, 0.06878392398357391, 0.021935727447271347, 0.0020131596829742193, -0.02090318687260151, -0.014167997054755688, -0.026594191789627075, 0.0020337870810180902, -0.026702389121055603, 0.020020943135023117, -0.03733323514461517, 0.03928656131029129, -0.0237105842679739, -0.07396648824214935, -0.06979341804981232, 0.008925136178731918, -0.010730860754847527, 0.040716502815485, -0.011518779210746288, -0.04206119477748871, 0.004820321686565876, 0.033013299107551575, -0.014410695061087608, 0.03373771160840988, 0.015442361123859882, -0.02908100187778473, 0.06566806137561798, 0.008769022300839424, -0.007026515901088715, -0.04935438558459282, 0.01786927692592144, -0.006246295291930437, 0.01787264086306095, 0.06826788932085037, -0.041442662477493286, -0.052484724670648575, 0.003065725089982152, 0.022508390247821808, -0.035984162241220474, -0.06977088004350662, -0.047436781227588654, 0.017392432317137718, 0.017754657194018364, -0.014936698600649834, 0.056573763489723206, 0.00972849689424038, -0.007023781072348356, 0.026217516511678696, -0.055065494030714035, -0.03866776078939438, -0.02675536647439003, -0.052342530339956284, -0.04203566536307335, -0.004031726624816656, 0.00989428162574768, 0.028402162715792656, -0.005929088685661554, 0.020314184948801994, -0.035296179354190826, -0.007623081561177969, 0.011699074879288673, 0.01655399240553379, -0.001157536287792027, -0.0018935597036033869, 0.047532305121421814, 0.000527723110280931, -0.004318419378250837, 0.010649302043020725, 0.022236274555325508, -0.02888043224811554, -0.00301518221385777, 0.052255939692258835, -0.051369599997997284, -0.001511917682364583, -0.020884158089756966, -0.014263899996876717, -0.01010175421833992, 0.0007007742533460259, 0.017732853069901466, -0.00028815079713240266, 0.021071257069706917, -0.01011162530630827, -0.02416439913213253, -0.03975970298051834, -0.019831448793411255, -0.025569701567292213, 0.01889660209417343, -0.01751730777323246, 0.003756507532671094, -0.007754174526780844, 0.011775294318795204, -0.08134393393993378, -0.01834338903427124, -0.002844457980245352, -0.008319242857396603, 0.020640408620238304, -0.03648221492767334, -0.03533416986465454, 0.007544965948909521, -0.017504611983895302, 0.0008709204266779125, 0.03530367836356163, -0.0512077696621418, 0.033287595957517624, -0.027996918186545372, 0.017448877915740013, 0.07015709578990936, -0.02779548056423664, -0.012762606143951416, 0.051450956612825394, -0.01568942330777645, -0.02410717122256756, 0.03980147838592529, -0.01671515591442585, -0.015690937638282776, 0.0031219630036503077, 0.010397499427199364, 0.012967879883944988, 0.025180649012327194, -0.006020952947437763, -0.030623160302639008, 0.02078317478299141, -0.00650636525824666, 0.016027458012104034, -0.0467972457408905, 0.011791053228080273, -0.002313705626875162, -0.013703606091439724, -0.024884069338440895, -0.014055506326258183, 0.013949290849268436, -0.021753830835223198, 0.04143334552645683, 0.011397117748856544, -0.015018189325928688, 0.02412172593176365, 0.05533713474869728, -0.014107204042375088, -0.028972242027521133, 0.03916708379983902, -0.03178708627820015, 0.06960378587245941, 0.006769279483705759, 0.007758384104818106, -0.009976831264793873, 0.043424516916275024, -0.04672233760356903, -0.036657433956861496, -0.012532181106507778, -0.02614394947886467, 0.029707711189985275, 0.031946443021297455, 0.012438738718628883, 0.00840948149561882, -0.029050033539533615, 0.0019692005589604378, -0.047883182764053345, -0.012020197696983814, 0.04299144446849823, 0.005025285296142101, 0.04652188718318939, -0.03954273834824562, 0.02212170884013176, 0.02349037490785122, 0.022652501240372658, 0.023313801735639572, 0.023497747257351875, -0.004962365608662367, 0.000013738607776758727, 0.01815209537744522, -0.015591551549732685, -0.05109703168272972, 0.028401058167219162, -0.05485963448882103, 0.014983141794800758, -0.0493406243622303, -0.0009579128818586469, 0.017780689522624016, 0.03252733126282692, 0.00987725704908371, -0.05640031769871712, -0.023041576147079468, -0.04035931080579758, 0.014808501116931438, 0.027508871629834175, 0.003490638919174671, 0.009633095003664494, -0.003562727477401495, 0.04141579568386078, 0.011521687731146812, 0.024453790858387947, 0.004176312126219273, -0.07761488854885101, -0.00013347502681426704, -0.022079963237047195, -0.04244812950491905, 0.05409540608525276, -0.03499826043844223, 0.0008773651206865907, 0.031452689319849014, -0.032050248235464096, 0.0005747101968154311, 0.01690848544239998, 0.03579473868012428, -0.001813267357647419, 0.06028635427355766, 0.0068733179941773415, -0.013441747985780239, -0.0019663963466882706, 0.01504521630704403, 0.13572119176387787, 0.026586012914776802, 0.03275309503078461, -0.045697130262851715, -0.009808456525206566, 0.037667613476514816, 0.007273676805198193, -0.012338257394731045, -0.05874132364988327, -0.015402003191411495, -0.007661640644073486, 0.061119068413972855, 0.012436571530997753, 0.030112851411104202, -0.02318892814218998, 0.07746537774801254, 0.017634419724345207, 0.0016097247134894133, -0.006470646243542433, 0.009469433687627316, 0.02667301706969738, -0.014493930153548717, -0.026388932019472122, 0.028426488861441612, 0.04428054392337799, -0.008717671036720276, -0.023203425109386444, -0.001621265895664692, -0.05269450321793556, 0.032575689256191254, -0.04957666993141174, -0.011465032584965229, 0.013971288688480854, 0.00637900410220027, -0.01867227628827095, -0.025575190782546997, 0.002456475980579853, -0.016134876757860184, 0.01289673987776041, 0.06689859926700592, 0.0005701375193893909, -0.0121918935328722, 0.032086752355098724, -0.005464612506330013, -0.030317988246679306, -0.010180940851569176, -0.01563691534101963, 0.061947308480739594, -0.0059145232662558556, 0.034943513572216034, 0.02918415702879429, -0.023226669058203697, 0.039919134229421616, -0.025890842080116272, -0.008155041374266148, -0.0038342212792485952, 0.01185967493802309, -0.0283527672290802, -0.017749229446053505, 0.021446624770760536, 0.018844690173864365, 0.010241787880659103, 0.006046374328434467, 0.02607843466103077, -0.022552108392119408, -0.041213177144527435, -0.0004212235799059272, 0.07256889343261719, -0.005390634760260582, 0.02352442406117916, 0.0169269610196352, -0.03292537108063698, -0.03258208930492401, 0.017496924847364426, -0.015972116962075233, -0.01469922810792923, 0.018208004534244537, -0.02002348192036152, -0.04178495705127716, -0.025425588712096214, -0.04273397475481033, -0.0037468532100319862, -0.026686446741223335, 0.020631950348615646, -0.019102629274129868, -0.03751877322793007, -0.032547205686569214, 0.012380030937492847, 0.024818843230605125, 0.03597047179937363, -0.031894877552986145, 0.0836314931511879, 0.0004274497914593667, -0.03224785625934601, -0.021619489416480064, -0.02829456701874733, -0.017057077959179878, -0.0046656192280352116, -0.0034932298585772514, 0.014236749149858952, -0.039827533066272736, -0.0035363391507416964, -0.01891818642616272, 0.029471851885318756, 0.015394286252558231, 0.046202052384614944, -0.0009691231534816325, -0.03565264120697975, -0.016467761248350143, 0.002885495312511921, -0.020660536363720894, -0.012086030095815659, -0.042624037712812424, -0.02850562520325184, -0.03008788824081421, 0.032694753259420395, 0.009547754190862179, -0.027790270745754242, 0.006679410580545664, -0.004906340502202511, 0.006820749491453171, -0.0022723304573446512, 0.013330517336726189, -0.02781321108341217, -0.013164461590349674, -0.0018606561934575438, -0.029221775010228157, 0.0060314214788377285, 0.0061901709996163845, -0.0028037233278155327, -0.0047637359239161015, 0.046992238610982895, -0.000791757891420275, 0.018994558602571487, -0.010746782645583153, 0.04175655543804169, 0.02343754656612873, 0.045618679374456406, 0.006478598341345787, -0.0036859384272247553, 0.01102182362228632, -0.025988096371293068, -0.0141499238088727, 0.02708050049841404, -0.025126991793513298, 0.03547277674078941, -0.03698098286986351, 0.026272296905517578, -0.034030020236968994, 0.045778293162584305, -0.03999248892068863, -0.019073178991675377, -0.02073296718299389, 0.007054561749100685, -0.021002162247896194, 0.0046074907295405865, 0.00024292462330777198, -0.010867035016417503, -0.01988212764263153, 0.019589338451623917, 0.06248684227466583, 0.030374055728316307, 0.0018184245564043522, 0.013643544167280197, -0.05698757246136665, 0.0074389623478055, 0.004131203517317772, -0.015743715688586235, 0.005050946492701769, 0.04230789467692375, -0.021340765058994293, 0.011773902922868729, -0.03697344288229942, 0.036727141588926315, -0.09226172417402267, -0.044610511511564255, 0.00044455769238993526, 0.02776283025741577, 0.028787828981876373, -0.06650077551603317, 0.012506313621997833, 0.022059908136725426, -0.029538147151470184, 0.008864377625286579, 0.002614540746435523, -0.020617805421352386, -0.01788547821342945, -0.014697127044200897, -0.03850249946117401, -0.026372019201517105, 0.01972893439233303, 0.017930667847394943, 0.029415881261229515, 0.029468782246112823, -0.02492765337228775, -0.06712497770786285, -0.0026698156725615263, -0.013116114772856236, 0.0005028931191191077, -0.04819123446941376, 0.01831749454140663, -0.022280516102910042, 0.002660562749952078, 0.03699672222137451, -0.029274705797433853, 0.03278956189751625, 0.02314586564898491, 0.05895238369703293, 0.0007547797285951674, 0.07122392952442169, 0.03790249675512314, -0.014408105053007603, 0.005332136992365122, -0.005488092545419931, -0.0064888885244727135, 0.05199206620454788, -0.01501515880227089, 0.04265519231557846, 0.001060720533132553, -0.012496242299675941, -0.015658840537071228, 0.04253749921917915, -0.004091593902558088, -0.021443529054522514, 0.001390131888911128, 0.020644033327698708, -0.013479935936629772, -0.044012606143951416, 0.002615278819575906, -0.037392035126686096, 0.018960140645503998, 0.03431439772248268, 0.033527955412864685, -0.027332618832588196, -0.01854678988456726, -0.019309282302856445, -0.02866160124540329, -0.014779710210859776, -0.011639615520834923, 0.014185843989253044, -0.041335951536893845, -0.017809810116887093, -0.032605286687612534, 0.04777078330516815, -0.0002037289523286745, 0.010908462107181549, -0.057890452444553375, 0.029121719300746918, -0.005668495781719685, 0.027065563946962357, 0.028551572933793068, -0.008070106618106365, 0.03739725053310394, -0.05482767894864082, 0.03369151055812836, -0.004464809317141771, 0.015674060210585594, -0.01897585764527321, -0.004486632999032736, -0.022238092496991158, 0.001566824852488935, 0.04343758523464203, 0.017424220219254494, 0.01592259109020233, 0.029192959889769554, 0.016622072085738182, 0.007495078258216381, -0.03447621688246727, 0.031464021652936935, -0.020137406885623932, -0.01527352724224329, 0.015581924468278885, -0.020703332498669624, -0.006780856754630804, 0.023686235770583153, -0.015072370879352093, 0.03908708691596985, -0.012223106808960438, 0.00950764399021864, -0.02786768600344658, 0.09120494872331619, 0.008987333625555038, 0.012734286487102509, 0.06143053248524666, 0.02132939174771309, 0.01624026522040367, -0.006424729246646166, 0.014449859037995338, -0.05093241110444069, 0.08772961795330048, -0.003569797845557332, -0.01757199876010418, 0.01610579714179039, 0.011263075284659863, 0.0038739657029509544, -0.06320271641016006, 0.034919314086437225, -0.020878732204437256, -0.008084871806204319, 0.022212712094187737, -0.012920120730996132, 0.023975584656000137, 0.050226107239723206, -0.04059077426791191, 0.028863118961453438, 0.03550677374005318, 0.0201142355799675, 0.015964580699801445, 0.06465639173984528, -0.008914660662412643, 0.00983305461704731, -0.010980847291648388, 0.03726940602064133, -0.00014771112182643265, 0.020072851330041885, 0.0039634606800973415, 0.04047713056206703, -0.005068641621619463, 0.0045251259580254555, 0.01851630210876465, 0.002151284134015441, 0.053445927798748016, 0.01259972807019949, 0.006744613870978355, 0.03613194823265076, -0.020464831963181496, -0.017856119200587273, -0.024079803377389908, -0.04479765146970749, 0.007243465166538954, -0.011405199766159058, -0.01607283018529415, 0.0461212582886219, 0.0180618055164814, 0.008409276604652405, 0.007819619961082935, -0.03980790078639984, -0.01448240876197815, -0.03592190146446228, 0.02112377993762493, 0.03261999040842056, 0.029916204512119293, -0.034941866993904114, -0.011369445361196995, -0.009908875450491905, -0.0560358390212059, 0.017018891870975494, 0.05360519140958786, 0.03384207934141159, -0.06806859374046326, -0.057173069566488266, -0.0024799960665404797, 0.03295563906431198, -0.011877496726810932, -0.015009933151304722, -0.03855796158313751, -0.02478475496172905, 0.001547707011923194, -0.03359818831086159 ]
<p>I have just started using the autoencoder package in R. <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/autoencoder/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/autoencoder/index.html</a></p> <p>Inputs to the autoencode() function include lambda, beta, rho and epsilon.</p> <p>What are the bounds for these values? Do they vary for each activation function? Are these parameters called "hyperparameters"?</p> <p>Assuming a sparse autoencoder, is rho=.01 good for the logistic activation function and rho=-.9 good for the hyperbolic tangent activation function?</p> <p>Why does the manual set epsilon to .001? If I remember correctly, "Efficient Backpropagation" by LeCun recommends starting values which are not so close to zero.</p> <p>How much does a "good" value for beta matter?</p> <p>Is there a "rule of thumb" for choosing the number of nuerons in the hidden layer? For example, if the input layers has N nodes, is it reasonable to have 2N nuerons in the in the hidden layer?</p> <p>Can you recommend some literature on the practical use of autoencoders?</p>
74,067
[ -0.05223025754094124, -0.004042846150696278, 0.004845892079174519, -0.016427265480160713, 0.033713437616825104, -0.014445656910538673, -0.0332617312669754, -0.020217517390847206, 0.05183272063732147, -0.035418346524238586, 0.034287188202142715, -0.00047304530744440854, 0.03317932039499283, 0.02671544812619686, 0.01566443406045437, -0.01919233426451683, -0.025251144543290138, -0.0025123024825006723, -0.004979289602488279, 0.02726828120648861, -0.00594370299950242, 0.0046071382239460945, -0.0002946010499726981, -0.00777039397507906, 0.0008550530183129013, 0.04946960508823395, 0.017896801233291626, -0.01741807535290718, -0.0006299627129919827, 0.039562784135341644, -0.024970170110464096, 0.00646482827141881, 0.014097959734499454, 0.031039493158459663, 0.02389293722808361, -0.017734026536345482, -0.014283385127782822, -0.03963359445333481, -0.016512878239154816, 0.03921717405319214, -0.018321644514799118, -0.040133036673069, 0.00629282696172595, 0.014275345019996166, -0.021638670936226845, 0.0003240817168261856, 0.003658715169876814, -0.026817534118890762, 0.04495722055435181, -0.010303962044417858, 0.06448371708393097, 0.014985978603363037, 0.019739119336009026, 0.016168424859642982, -0.015646953135728836, -0.02202627621591091, 0.05178534612059593, 0.032882094383239746, -0.024563156068325043, -0.05225500091910362, -0.019908586516976357, -0.04048193246126175, 0.0016372010577470064, -0.018496021628379822, -0.04861851781606674, 0.04599953442811966, 0.0046101040206849575, -0.017538735643029213, 0.0548386350274086, -0.02114502526819706, 0.028283193707466125, -0.011353081092238426, -0.006857940927147865, 0.0020973626524209976, 0.016086280345916748, -0.013154301792383194, 0.034177087247371674, 0.024921249598264694, 0.05341580882668495, 0.05770253390073776, -0.00782057549804449, 0.0037039481103420258, 0.027910873293876648, 0.03422528877854347, 0.02358625829219818, 0.03578551113605499, 0.07025409489870071, -0.016578475013375282, 0.010013623163104057, 0.026799490675330162, -0.0010182608384639025, 0.00760278757661581, 0.04840801656246185, -0.004225797485560179, -0.022308068349957466, 0.044537339359521866, -0.012747066095471382, 0.03121882490813732, 0.03842050954699516, -0.059180937707424164, -0.049204085022211075, -0.037227243185043335, 0.0040489863604307175, 0.06180030107498169, -0.02960975095629692, -0.018883269280195236, -0.030699260532855988, -0.02042519487440586, -0.0035119131207466125, -0.017476804554462433, -0.06735043972730637, 0.017943918704986572, -0.03821304440498352, 0.007222690619528294, 0.02598646841943264, -0.006457784678786993, 0.007088592741638422, -0.009569508954882622, 0.046236153692007065, 0.09235668927431107, 0.03731773793697357, -0.014668536372482777, 0.015911821275949478, -0.017079871147871017, -0.04641511291265488, -0.022985151037573814, 0.03901660442352295, -0.032737910747528076, -0.03444313257932663, 0.047755658626556396, 0.005687003023922443, -0.031547822058200836, 0.021253880113363266, -0.011447442695498466, 0.04645852372050285, 0.007316575385630131, -0.06156367436051369, -0.05976274609565735, 0.04563764110207558, -0.02399320714175701, 0.026841215789318085, -0.0555407851934433, -0.017666049301624298, 0.01916383020579815, 0.06915164738893509, 0.023723527789115906, 0.02477247826755047, 0.032450512051582336, -0.015461711212992668, -0.009799794293940067, -0.03463233634829521, -0.010484686121344566, -0.0018133188132196665, -0.021680545061826706, -0.03637615963816643, -0.07126887887716293, 0.01521721389144659, 0.013722549192607403, -0.0006928467773832381, 0.013736622408032417, 0.04151090979576111, -0.01245149690657854, -0.0120536582544446, -0.010292035527527332, -0.018834369257092476, -0.03627055510878563, 0.05160234123468399, 0.016547320410609245, 0.03427934646606445, -0.0010618711821734905, -0.029355039820075035, 0.03995915874838829, 0.013194662518799305, 0.023295776918530464, 0.020372923463582993, 0.02419082261621952, -0.019468259066343307, -0.005682618822902441, 0.016605354845523834, 0.04346582293510437, -0.021619420498609543, -0.02571960911154747, -0.004937346093356609, 0.006697564385831356, 0.01779528707265854, 0.006912974640727043, 0.004775024950504303, -0.028297001495957375, 0.022365039214491844, -0.006059845443814993, -0.028154611587524414, -0.07308690994977951, 0.025619152933359146, -0.04367491230368614, 0.0031740509439259768, -0.000328109716065228, 0.01139188650995493, 0.018349943682551384, -0.0033370009623467922, -0.0005895633366890252, -0.06436971575021744, 0.00883522443473339, 0.04492205008864403, 0.0013266030000522733, 0.004849029239267111, 0.05105466768145561, -0.001194170443341136, -0.04664849862456322, 0.061743564903736115, -0.02968798577785492, -0.04296913743019104, 0.011908753775060177, 0.010719840414822102, 0.019428836181759834, -0.02225845493376255, -0.013630364090204239, 0.0022016307339072227, 0.0012615352170541883, -0.024815335869789124, 0.03336711972951889, -0.07972594350576401, 0.09642370790243149, 0.05077269300818443, 0.034994568675756454, 0.025500353425741196, 0.025090975686907768, 0.026459557935595512, -0.0030501065775752068, -0.03190871700644493, 0.023268435150384903, -0.07780200242996216, -0.025204546749591827, 0.05692470073699951, 0.016989240422844887, -0.012104785069823265, 0.009873760864138603, 0.015031847171485424, 0.016217323020100594, 0.009856948629021645, 0.002256475854665041, -0.0262075774371624, -0.03898581862449646, 0.0009941246826201677, 0.012621982023119926, 0.013811715878546238, 0.00014069007011130452, 0.03749379888176918, -0.019529402256011963, 0.05667507275938988, -0.017770040780305862, -0.04201197624206543, 0.09463328868150711, -0.031319379806518555, -0.025088738650083542, -0.017948316410183907, -0.02048730105161667, 0.03950346261262894, -0.019962668418884277, -0.012993105687201023, 0.008260984905064106, 0.03059503622353077, 0.0054151867516338825, 0.01040184497833252, -0.027758602052927017, 0.019407253712415695, 0.03670038282871246, -0.02197282388806343, -0.0017077630618587136, 0.016542848199605942, -0.06629003584384918, 0.02427578531205654, -0.055446479469537735, -0.020331865176558495, -0.0597011037170887, 0.006409726571291685, 0.026526236906647682, -0.007264398504048586, 0.013052514754235744, -0.04710961878299713, -0.02541055902838707, 0.026724793016910553, -0.019030779600143433, 0.03747395798563957, 0.026405921205878258, -0.052171722054481506, 0.006795371882617474, -0.036788132041692734, 0.0028487781528383493, 0.031230702996253967, 0.017723476514220238, -0.028781438246369362, 0.007279068231582642, -0.039815448224544525, -0.0830460712313652, -0.030664945021271706, -0.04117954522371292, 0.031768761575222015, -0.007400569971650839, -0.027739275246858597, 0.027122532948851585, -0.015108015388250351, -0.016539569944143295, 0.03354917839169502, -0.001391348778270185, -0.013540280982851982, -0.007736514788120985, -0.0011476443614810705, -0.0028296015225350857, 0.005950025282800198, -0.03396584838628769, 0.04272883012890816, -0.022540483623743057, 0.008999433368444443, -0.05442836880683899, -0.07993407547473907, 0.012215626426041126, -0.0015083897160366178, 0.00010316041152691469, 0.026758981868624687, -0.008119501173496246, 0.0808282196521759, 0.0294926930218935, -0.05888284370303154, -0.031441543251276016, -0.014465156011283398, -0.015029016882181168, -0.04062403365969658, -0.004811570048332214, 0.005055597051978111, 0.009444204159080982, 0.01546321902424097, 0.00041348699596710503, 0.061634670943021774, 0.04567430913448334, 0.008500618860125542, 0.007548880763351917, 0.043236613273620605, 0.013957013376057148, -0.050268013030290604, 0.026807885617017746, 0.046235911548137665, -0.0007609078311361372, 0.045923568308353424, -0.030208861455321312, -0.007400508038699627, -0.007681512739509344, -0.018221361562609673, 0.012872027233242989, -0.024602370336651802, 0.01061615627259016, -0.030145343393087387, 0.028415074571967125, -0.021940479055047035, 0.0039181578904390335, -0.017673542723059654, 0.023588309064507484, 0.042049795389175415, -0.022954940795898438, -0.0018360901158303022, 0.01706620305776596, 0.04796815291047096, -0.019554374739527702, -0.006566672585904598, -0.002863609464839101, -0.003338521346449852, 0.002678019693121314, -0.01983865350484848, 0.028440309688448906, 0.03667982667684555, 0.024612830951809883, 0.028973421081900597, 0.0524660088121891, -0.016958657652139664, 0.008790024556219578, -0.09194515645503998, 0.021802445873618126, -0.027262568473815918, 0.05513104051351547, 0.005027935840189457, 0.023513104766607285, 0.006709279492497444, 0.0041779084131121635, 0.032944485545158386, -0.023126568645238876, -0.07257313281297684, 0.02098868414759636, -0.006627995986491442, 0.0029961776454001665, 0.016069183126091957, -0.030107934027910233, 0.050093211233615875, -0.01949317753314972, -0.01484846230596304, -0.011140644550323486, 0.023406153544783592, -0.045281875878572464, 0.013555962592363358, -0.010123456828296185, -0.0023804944939911366, -0.03748409077525139, 0.006051790900528431, 0.01223315205425024, 0.030748242512345314, 0.029082339257001877, 0.04588868468999863, 0.03472411260008812, -0.00040071585681289434, -0.01927310600876808, 0.012468724511563778, -0.025940589606761932, 0.03509313985705376, 0.053660012781620026, 0.03999241441488266, -0.04516661912202835, 0.005961514078080654, 0.01860235258936882, 0.03426133841276169, 0.04843202978372574, 0.0267620962113142, -0.014331472106277943, -0.07220485806465149, -0.04026518762111664, 0.0007962335366755724, 0.004974249750375748, 0.0012586499797180295, 0.03158978000283241, 0.06104656681418419, 0.004348483867943287, -0.03723239153623581, 0.03540891408920288, 0.06484679877758026, -0.005852418020367622, -0.03160577267408371, -0.04755457863211632, 0.015513050369918346, -0.0055152783170342445, 0.0321878157556057, 0.023546550422906876, -0.032690636813640594, -0.026034146547317505, 0.007403727155178785, 0.014950050972402096, -0.04631352424621582, -0.007455374114215374, -0.00242508458904922, 0.03825470432639122, 0.03942491114139557, -0.017699072137475014, -0.017027471214532852, -0.03022797405719757, 0.03371373936533928, 0.04948550835251808, 0.005186453927308321, -0.05783809721469879, -0.07225268334150314, -0.03290269896388054, 0.03642874211072922, 0.04748652130365372, -0.014535197988152504, 0.007357801776379347, -0.04980825260281563, -0.015316348522901535, 0.03547348082065582, -0.02098228596150875, 0.042455706745386124, -0.0144578218460083, -0.029620958492159843, -0.014949002303183079, -0.008162892423570156, -0.02662227861583233, 0.031014403328299522, 0.003280500415712595, 0.04270533099770546, -0.018268369138240814, -0.010818811133503914, -0.036516062915325165, 0.030814914032816887, -0.010156461969017982, 0.028475938364863396, -0.03885660693049431, -0.02461835741996765, 0.013477565720677376, -0.021401656791567802, 0.025460921227931976, -0.06212427839636803, 0.009698048233985901, 0.005754165817052126, -0.008771412074565887, 0.02140120603144169, -0.0198733601719141, -0.04570867121219635, 0.030311433598399162, 0.053699225187301636, -0.06608003377914429, -0.031518250703811646, -0.04249799996614456, 0.04231354594230652, 0.04546035826206207, -0.017301732674241066, 0.07970035076141357, 0.0022021536715328693, -0.013216987252235413, 0.04657786712050438, -0.04950163513422012, 0.02367979660630226, -0.038371555507183075, -0.0030790187884122133, -0.04273190721869469, -0.03217130899429321, -0.011765833012759686, 0.04397018253803253, 0.025038903579115868, 0.04777764901518822, -0.0512077622115612, -0.004005142953246832, 0.010455645620822906, 0.05069632828235626, 0.010294304229319096, 0.002527601318433881, 0.03128510341048241, 0.001441400614567101, -0.008832341060042381, 0.02856435254216194, 0.03361047804355621, -0.029220977798104286, 0.05438951030373573, 0.02695121429860592, -0.022076409310102463, -0.0021178745664656162, -0.01658552698791027, -0.0008308296091854572, 0.037066515535116196, -0.01924547553062439, 0.05843578279018402, 0.016096539795398712, 0.015234979800879955, 0.009099169634282589, -0.03255137801170349, 0.007483845576643944, -0.008357848972082138, -0.04272668808698654, 0.03225317969918251, -0.04728701338171959, 0.052959367632865906, -0.03857177868485451, -0.0010045876260846853, -0.03371348977088928, -0.03312189504504204, 0.007277504540979862, -0.031752292066812515, -0.030858144164085388, -0.014030302874743938, 0.030916593968868256, -0.01899530552327633, -0.020348815247416496, -0.0057340264320373535, 0.05089022219181061, -0.034152623265981674, 0.0145852817222476, 0.013353247195482254, 0.001590459723956883, 0.048311132937669754, 0.009732170961797237, -0.017663203179836273, 0.0030350740998983383, -0.0035527613945305347, -0.004221322480589151, -0.00906761921942234, 0.04722823575139046, -0.04550527408719063, -0.01845374144613743, -0.006600587163120508, 0.0030926428735256195, 0.0674365684390068, -0.004340397194027901, -0.024082539603114128, 0.025508921593427658, -0.004030801821500063, -0.0004932634765282273, -0.04883216693997383, -0.005500315688550472, -0.016022395342588425, 0.0013194507919251919, -0.01643574796617031, 0.018175434321165085, -0.01869228109717369, -0.007883880287408829, 0.02781081572175026, -0.0057508684694767, 0.04025669023394585, 0.007092095911502838, 0.06575736403465271, -0.003199466271325946, 0.029179835692048073, -0.027577612549066544, -0.024835780262947083, 0.05538339540362358, -0.019923776388168335, -0.004952009301632643, -0.017132220789790154, -0.004428923595696688, -0.06216167286038399, -0.02416846714913845, -0.02139350026845932, 0.005653257016092539, 0.06782860308885574, -0.033903300762176514, 0.024622954428195953, 0.011081408709287643, -0.00890390295535326, -0.02119506523013115, -0.043952129781246185, -0.013053324073553085, -0.027355244383215904, 0.023135416209697723, 0.02963019721210003, 0.021541493013501167, -0.014442790299654007, 0.03029041923582554, -0.0006476652342826128, 0.022854281589388847, 0.02617260068655014, 0.00868838932365179, 0.04643094912171364, 0.0038179727271199226, -0.07414987683296204, -0.05497392266988754, 0.011046542786061764, 0.0010321451118215919, 0.040678102523088455, -0.01589316688477993, -0.06425292044878006, 0.0518791638314724, 0.018747299909591675, 0.033066168427467346, -0.04777944087982178, -0.023349396884441376, 0.0015348155284300447, 0.0008379309438169003, 0.03202533349394798, -0.03106534481048584, -0.010211852379143238, -0.019408762454986572, 0.05579366907477379, -0.01777457632124424, 0.0561685636639595, -0.0006678238860331476, -0.07386080920696259, -0.03321836143732071, -0.03371744602918625, -0.04105396941304207, 0.04393649101257324, 0.025595689192414284, -0.06007373705506325, 0.015461716800928116, -0.0259145125746727, 0.026985641568899155, 0.020113687962293625, 0.02207312546670437, -0.0015336432261392474, 0.050396472215652466, -0.03385879471898079, 0.01627078279852867, -0.024943459779024124, -0.008245876058936119, 0.12247990816831589, 0.09961872547864914, -0.014570021070539951, -0.07296916842460632, 0.02981189452111721, -0.019984377548098564, -0.022956930100917816, -0.04597732424736023, -0.005569990258663893, -0.0006703422986902297, -0.017732184380292892, 0.021906832233071327, 0.041776806116104126, -0.010058488696813583, -0.005192196927964687, 0.01613479293882847, -0.03905990347266197, -0.041439637541770935, 0.02915189415216446, 0.024996425956487656, -0.000185642929864116, 0.00007554924377473071, -0.043360766023397446, -0.0017712642438709736, -0.010170264169573784, -0.023141585290431976, -0.016769059002399445, -0.028516165912151337, 0.032337140291929245, -0.0204461682587862, 0.020514966920018196, -0.016360022127628326, -0.004757110960781574, 0.0009545343928039074, 0.03810703009366989, 0.0035422295331954956, -0.004751378204673529, -0.040884170681238174, 0.012300131842494011, 0.031999170780181885, 0.012923672795295715, -0.013523814268410206, 0.0036101946607232094, 0.036875344812870026, -0.0351107157766819, -0.05155866965651512, -0.006008541211485863, 0.041132260113954544, -0.020260967314243317, 0.0057205273769795895, 0.033756598830223083, 0.015140682458877563, 0.01849059760570526, -0.03946486860513687, -0.01239704992622137, 0.03988752141594887, 0.04008662328124046, -0.004578311461955309, -0.04176998883485794, -0.01759267784655094, 0.02370920218527317, -0.021506521850824356, 0.02592289261519909, -0.018898554146289825, -0.032614029943943024, -0.017114844173192978, -0.05210128799080849, 0.03890674561262131, 0.01948670484125614, 0.026994720101356506, -0.01943058893084526, -0.0025802175514400005, -0.033189333975315094, -0.006943441461771727, -0.001982557587325573, -0.008365815505385399, 0.024296769872307777, -0.021759729832410812, -0.035930369049310684, -0.01060438435524702, -0.021918073296546936, 0.021105634048581123, 0.006614105775952339, 0.005636071320623159, -0.02988407388329506, 0.004340487532317638, 0.027734145522117615, 0.015470538288354874, 0.015693463385105133, 0.01380731351673603, -0.0035663049202412367, 0.007898476906120777, 0.01864391751587391, -0.04043891653418541, -0.023472633212804794, 0.024313703179359436, -0.04900026321411133, -0.001962491776794195, -0.008442929945886135, 0.020362762734293938, -0.0019213665509596467, 0.02645418606698513, -0.002513409359380603, 0.04849724844098091, -0.01735994778573513, 0.0014091882621869445, -0.021221823990345, -0.04164304956793785, -0.010374723933637142, -0.03807142749428749, 0.0012370520271360874, -0.08759774267673492, -0.029179563745856285, -0.02868080697953701, -0.031437620520591736, 0.009808175265789032, 0.0330144539475441, -0.04456378519535065, 0.027930384501814842, -0.01025408785790205, 0.006486305966973305, -0.05578231438994408, 0.016061503440141678, 0.0083184614777565, 0.017815740779042244, -0.025089358910918236, -0.03871195390820503, -0.013101311400532722, 0.005719317588955164, -0.020515423268079758, -0.002883057575672865, 0.030408380553126335, -0.026525771245360374, 0.03459461033344269, -0.008595124818384647, 0.002300706459209323, -0.018473610281944275, 0.05317381024360657, -0.0192144513130188, -0.0499534010887146, 0.06197104603052139, -0.037817757576704025, -0.02730627730488777, 0.006068857852369547, -0.03522725775837898, 0.01157767977565527, 0.024325324222445488, -0.05598755180835724, 0.005011104047298431, 0.030566595494747162, -0.00795686524361372, -0.008481599390506744, -0.0003073324915021658, -0.00905933789908886, -0.006244799587875605, 0.01498264167457819, 0.026937147602438927, 0.015988405793905258, 0.017566058784723282, 0.005221785046160221, 0.03801453113555908, 0.030697768554091454, -0.016267724335193634, 0.02211536467075348, -0.027130043134093285, 0.011525637470185757, -0.0023367952089756727, 0.011533289216458797, 0.0021829043980687857, 0.016609814018011093, -0.030575666576623917, 0.05678405240178108, -0.010806428268551826, 0.004353619180619717, -0.09831122308969498, -0.003623075084760785, -0.005471817683428526, 0.018950704485177994, 0.04004586115479469, -0.06169141083955765, 0.04421055316925049, 0.017429307103157043, -0.06171611696481705, 0.036374397575855255, -0.01607785001397133, 0.011614746414124966, -0.00143247633241117, 0.01342866476625204, -0.05204148590564728, 0.02357701025903225, 0.034874893724918365, 0.031063208356499672, 0.019416633993387222, -0.023697413504123688, 0.01800505258142948, -0.03429523482918739, -0.0034776683896780014, 0.059576988220214844, 0.02353920415043831, -0.022157005965709686, 0.017243068665266037, -0.010295214131474495, -0.04232493415474892, 0.033203449100255966, -0.02857457660138607, 0.04022681713104248, 0.03719433397054672, 0.024907641112804413, 0.02370988205075264, 0.053247034549713135, 0.02477646991610527, -0.01205413043498993, 0.019445572048425674, 0.018889963626861572, 0.026761682704091072, 0.044554535299539566, 0.005339349620044231, -0.010641244240105152, 0.009150865487754345, 0.02773609198629856, -0.04434064403176308, 0.025066643953323364, -0.03237643465399742, -0.022743625566363335, -0.004897383973002434, 0.000019585369955166243, -0.02219594269990921, -0.003294366644695401, 0.017982415854930878, -0.008617536164820194, -0.013027509674429893, 0.03666408360004425, 0.015531702898442745, -0.0032362856436520815, 0.0431973971426487, -0.005412342958152294, -0.03427371755242348, 0.016369353979825974, 0.015853889286518097, -0.031371280550956726, -0.04735543578863144, 0.03877364471554756, 0.021538661792874336, -0.030445316806435585, -0.019962318241596222, -0.006725064013153315, -0.025943715125322342, 0.043695129454135895, 0.02714129164814949, 0.01789853535592556, 0.025776484981179237, -0.0053900317288935184, 0.008400382474064827, -0.07369264960289001, 0.06594031304121017, 0.021379100158810616, 0.0036467446479946375, -0.02959197200834751, -0.0071399398148059845, -0.0009944401681423187, 0.012344959191977978, 0.06073137745261192, -0.0017688637599349022, -0.0015563734341412783, -0.00716352928429842, 0.025328539311885834, -0.0071778856217861176, -0.029038261622190475, 0.04034002497792244, 0.007024112623184919, -0.023759862408041954, -0.02234831266105175, -0.018217239528894424, 0.00513933040201664, 0.019158676266670227, 0.011162227019667625, -0.02022356167435646, 0.02321978285908699, 0.023499073460698128, 0.009067696519196033, 0.013998306356370449, 0.02359105832874775, -0.016265450045466423, 0.05888931825757027, 0.022663407027721405, 0.024590225890278816, 0.024881567806005478, 0.020680660381913185, -0.058223333209753036, 0.0041387975215911865, 0.006161489523947239, -0.046471431851387024, -0.022800715640187263, 0.003416205756366253, 0.042667996138334274, -0.0777873694896698, 0.006389912683516741, 0.04141831770539284, -0.03274497017264366, 0.0025424184277653694, 0.04052736237645149, 0.012667674571275711, 0.0413643941283226, 0.004901309497654438, 0.03566211462020874, 0.026578808203339577, 0.01397094875574112, -0.013466063886880875, 0.007325939834117889, 0.005910433363169432, -0.013017771765589714, 0.019898012280464172, 0.03398014232516289, -0.04209618270397186, 0.027270810678601265, -0.02101675420999527, 0.06233002990484238, -0.0217063520103693, -0.02494276873767376, 0.00357966311275959, -0.04158201441168785, -0.012699264101684093, 0.00150092295370996, -0.011328702792525291, 0.062095314264297485, -0.04887283593416214, -0.0000899210645002313, 0.00029586374876089394, -0.058604370802640915, -0.01900278590619564, -0.009386769495904446, -0.0017856578342616558, 0.05562426522374153, 0.021676354110240936, 0.030904753133654594, -0.0021606693044304848, -0.015049071051180363, 0.04461070895195007, -0.05749167501926422, 0.009180182591080666, -0.012668939307332039, 0.015576992183923721, 0.0016595146153122187, 0.010809652507305145, -0.06423068046569824, -0.03068949468433857, 0.01672491990029812, 0.03159696236252785, 0.014336366206407547, -0.018832525238394737, -0.012072819285094738, 0.0038081936072558165, 0.0446062907576561, -0.07362291216850281, -0.00009626889368519187, -0.04515121504664421, 0.019919991493225098, -0.0026047511491924524, -0.018720997497439384 ]
<p>The idea of degrees of freedom is pretty well sunk into my head, but I was wondering could someone perhaps give me few easy examples on how one would determine the number of degrees of freedom? </p> <p>For example: Lets say that we have a sample of $n$ observations $x_1, x_2, ..., x_n$ following some distribution.</p> <p>Could someone come up artificial examples of different number of degrees of freedom with this sample, say: examples where degrees of freedom are:</p> <p>$$\text{degrees of freedom} = n$$ $$\text{degrees of freedom} = n-1$$ $$\text{degrees of freedom} = n-2$$ $$\text{degrees of freedom} = n-3$$</p> <p>This would help get a grasp on, how one would determine the actual number of degrees of freedom. Thank you! :) </p>
49,341
[ -0.029494313523173332, -0.007636488880962133, -0.005989688914269209, -0.00436035031452775, 0.05053798481822014, 0.010980612598359585, -0.019120896235108376, -0.005910569801926613, 0.025885997340083122, -0.03382852301001549, 0.004747716244310141, 0.046091750264167786, 0.030433299019932747, -0.005596858449280262, 0.01710587739944458, 0.0480072908103466, -0.018901096656918526, 0.015202116221189499, 0.007532814983278513, -0.010063261725008488, 0.010005309246480465, 0.02794569358229637, 0.016423797234892845, -0.001291467109695077, -0.03839521110057831, 0.0238580871373415, 0.03246476501226425, -0.018537739291787148, 0.05353601649403572, 0.05964207649230957, -0.03867385908961296, -0.029219655320048332, 0.009965968318283558, 0.03929099440574646, 0.0039056569803506136, -0.022684894502162933, -0.007575040217489004, -0.009974435903131962, 0.0027269492857158184, 0.03412625193595886, -0.07282193005084991, -0.022272352129220963, -0.04219598323106766, 0.010069787502288818, -0.04419741779565811, 0.011745553463697433, 0.02294389344751835, -0.06735644489526749, 0.038335781544446945, -0.04300269857048988, 0.09973730146884918, -0.007813622243702412, 0.026900675147771835, 0.041644033044576645, 0.00502033531665802, 0.0018663817318156362, 0.04624302312731743, 0.037343960255384445, -0.010581005364656448, -0.03321818262338638, -0.03778564929962158, -0.06120176985859871, 0.023370835930109024, -0.03431852161884308, -0.03080277144908905, 0.01689702458679676, 0.010947935283184052, 0.005758644547313452, 0.04859408736228943, -0.014788862317800522, -0.007217020262032747, 0.04493710398674011, 0.042327966541051865, -0.020394081249833107, -0.009954734705388546, -0.03694843500852585, 0.029221748933196068, 0.004004711750894785, 0.0317215695977211, 0.038869958370923996, -0.010926497168838978, 0.016079332679510117, 0.030667336657643318, 0.023052887991070747, 0.01760040782392025, -0.05590702220797539, 0.07208237051963806, -0.015550071373581886, 0.01768830046057701, 0.0091352304443717, -0.02358166314661503, -0.010953854769468307, 0.043308358639478683, -0.003481889609247446, -0.06171312928199768, 0.0220144372433424, -0.006900720298290253, 0.023354237899184227, 0.008867750875651836, -0.03558928892016411, -0.003287803614512086, -0.041845180094242096, 0.020745165646076202, 0.07412578910589218, -0.030314872041344643, -0.003981208428740501, -0.030016252771019936, 0.0006438900018110871, -0.003017605282366276, -0.009846213273704052, 0.021659674122929573, 0.03987552598118782, 0.034234028309583664, -0.007677850779145956, -0.002640610095113516, 0.028150349855422974, -0.02188911661505699, -0.005980931222438812, 0.03712872415781021, 0.08726184815168381, 0.05172792449593544, -0.03936191275715828, 0.028423212468624115, -0.022918760776519775, -0.06509718298912048, 0.014272660948336124, 0.04259839653968811, -0.005685924552381039, -0.028278078883886337, 0.03675219416618347, -0.017997678369283676, -0.02011912502348423, 0.020845254883170128, 0.00792747177183628, 0.011795488186180592, 0.011981635354459286, -0.11702343821525574, -0.05225256457924843, 0.05421774089336395, -0.0528610497713089, -0.017097214236855507, -0.0630398765206337, 0.053251635283231735, 0.03289299085736275, 0.05737623944878578, -0.009883343242108822, 0.02353883907198906, -0.01697191596031189, 0.023247620090842247, 0.014605754986405373, 0.010686205700039864, 0.0023701481986790895, -0.027843257412314415, -0.05644837021827698, -0.014436790719628334, -0.04538146033883095, 0.04849601164460182, 0.039867084473371506, -0.0029080326203256845, -0.04501649737358093, 0.04822463169693947, -0.005739234853535891, -0.019291890785098076, 0.005181635729968548, 0.01487733330577612, -0.02634291723370552, 0.08682115375995636, -0.0036501591093838215, 0.008671857416629791, 0.0183361005038023, 0.00363399600610137, 0.027044491842389107, 0.0162113718688488, 0.055151332169771194, 0.03976619243621826, -0.006998876109719276, -0.03229372575879097, -0.020449887961149216, -0.001898586400784552, -0.018393216654658318, -0.05880577862262726, -0.00012907040945719928, 0.03869310021400452, 0.023616285994648933, 0.009137128479778767, 0.011133547872304916, 0.0032908145803958178, -0.0055274502374231815, 0.02281474880874157, -0.04517140984535217, -0.0013622157275676727, -0.06839761137962341, 0.005645115859806538, -0.016574230045080185, -0.029436785727739334, 0.026643170043826103, 0.04046953096985817, 0.02379506640136242, -0.05159302055835724, -0.012183478102087975, -0.03267934173345566, -0.011750999838113785, 0.010952811688184738, -0.06238353252410889, 0.0071897804737091064, 0.0582113042473793, 0.061086688190698624, 0.009243035688996315, 0.07447279989719391, -0.0395565889775753, -0.026942968368530273, 0.005044827237725258, -0.03610030934214592, -0.008904922753572464, -0.00851228553801775, -0.003766399109736085, -0.004899125546216965, 0.0050957584753632545, -0.0077338311821222305, 0.029144039377570152, -0.04072859510779381, 0.07639934122562408, 0.06542861461639404, 0.020965326577425003, -0.00681499345228076, 0.00821076799184084, 0.026130435988307, -0.02639491856098175, -0.012081746943295002, 0.02005133405327797, -0.06598147749900818, -0.046192146837711334, 0.03214365243911743, 0.04077932611107826, -0.045626234263181686, -0.0017369779525324702, 0.0549028217792511, 0.049023158848285675, -0.0017396255861967802, 0.04534752294421196, -0.024411451071500778, -0.02941787987947464, -0.00549851031973958, 0.010325192473828793, 0.014495349489152431, 0.006753163877874613, 0.029227150604128838, 0.03198982775211334, 0.015939848497509956, 0.018192077055573463, -0.018448546528816223, 0.04540879279375076, -0.017197927460074425, -0.015169637277722359, -0.003224865300580859, -0.02769000083208084, 0.03273556008934975, -0.02567462995648384, -0.008384541608393192, 0.04279574006795883, -0.011274125427007675, 0.04844151437282562, -0.013940970413386822, 0.013584691099822521, 0.029047425836324692, -0.00003163134169881232, -0.04334833100438118, -0.004195536486804485, 0.016492662951350212, -0.00936339981853962, -0.0033751209266483784, -0.03483646735548973, -0.03406752273440361, -0.01660560816526413, 0.0007356179412454367, 0.034008581191301346, -0.002778866095468402, 0.005792766343802214, 0.011618930846452713, -0.012120050378143787, -0.00257863849401474, 0.0027599383611232042, 0.0383124016225338, -0.000610608549322933, -0.04052123427391052, 0.017961038276553154, -0.01147744245827198, -0.01924111507833004, 0.02665160782635212, -0.019981740042567253, 0.004913714714348316, 0.033198241144418716, -0.021684721112251282, -0.07312469929456711, -0.012335718609392643, 0.024831514805555344, -0.002958322875201702, -0.0370577797293663, -0.015083401463925838, 0.031661927700042725, -0.03013753332197666, -0.023827040567994118, 0.012811589986085892, -0.02571401558816433, -0.03998636081814766, -0.03516760841012001, 0.023886801674962044, 0.05729116499423981, -0.008452667854726315, 0.004068467766046524, 0.02503090538084507, -0.011658750474452972, -0.00027979566948488355, -0.030592357739806175, -0.05062105879187584, -0.00034029566450044513, -0.008061327040195465, 0.04825383424758911, 0.01377154141664505, -0.02719123475253582, 0.07113796472549438, 0.024371974170207977, -0.05402259901165962, 0.015935374423861504, -0.0013478895416483283, -0.01379544846713543, 0.007854387164115906, 0.02372846193611622, 0.008539226837456226, -0.022041387856006622, 0.005167091265320778, 0.02108571119606495, 0.030572377145290375, 0.02266024984419346, -0.026107177138328552, 0.017948202788829803, 0.03140287846326828, 0.009297104552388191, -0.014982269145548344, 0.037888024002313614, 0.014330432750284672, -0.04130090773105621, 0.023582976311445236, -0.0008636231650598347, 0.040803760290145874, 0.00594611931592226, -0.026691989973187447, 0.025289354845881462, 0.010199245065450668, 0.009674041531980038, -0.03459666296839714, 0.034554269164800644, 0.0013073902809992433, 0.006488409359008074, -0.017108317464590073, 0.04030001908540726, 0.03701331466436386, -0.02727954462170601, -0.003858797252178192, 0.04264585301280022, 0.017730355262756348, -0.010103111155331135, -0.0023062152322381735, -0.014686753042042255, -0.0094259949401021, 0.016681339591741562, -0.025875503197312355, -0.017339438199996948, 0.04136501997709274, 0.04000837355852127, 0.02673848159611225, -0.016565736383199692, -0.02159547433257103, 0.0215479526668787, -0.050201691687107086, 0.008555890060961246, -0.01914871670305729, 0.047690343111753464, -0.026566660031676292, 0.053752586245536804, -0.020912347361445427, 0.00006125248910393566, -0.018441131338477135, -0.016497503966093063, -0.06192835792899132, 0.03141821548342705, -0.022982437163591385, -0.004544115625321865, -0.009854237549006939, 0.00029542139964178205, 0.05624426156282425, -0.030804965645074844, -0.002047767397016287, 0.018512161448597908, -0.007617094554007053, -0.014238239265978336, -0.010000117123126984, -0.022643394768238068, 0.026893828064203262, 0.016448739916086197, 0.04721482843160629, 0.028620939701795578, -0.008115873672068119, 0.01815672032535076, 0.0423966720700264, 0.02609226480126381, -0.007724930066615343, -0.016950298100709915, 0.0005564522580243647, 0.006220343057066202, 0.03417125344276428, 0.02139364369213581, 0.006408486515283585, 0.008692131377756596, 0.042505647987127304, -0.023794429376721382, 0.05442413315176964, 0.04421592503786087, -0.003983359318226576, -0.02196008712053299, -0.03775710612535477, -0.008936401456594467, -0.0018147950759157538, 0.005090597551316023, 0.009302789345383644, 0.03410658985376358, 0.07531682401895523, -0.0034912608098238707, -0.08396371454000473, 0.021872209385037422, 0.04416126385331154, -0.011446432210505009, 0.0006091204122640193, -0.0487181581556797, 0.02173926681280136, 0.0019410019740462303, 0.017563821747899055, 0.008763906545937061, -0.005104906391352415, -0.0002467837475705892, 0.03802352771162987, 0.03295983374118805, -0.0015446576289832592, -0.02728438749909401, -0.018341319635510445, 0.010336659848690033, 0.08626304566860199, 0.01682957075536251, -0.04707421362400055, 0.0009013102971948683, 0.04032402113080025, 0.04700419306755066, 0.026742486283183098, -0.0237723495811224, -0.07565288245677948, 0.010362152941524982, 0.027081310749053955, 0.00469750352203846, -0.03860210254788399, 0.026368340477347374, -0.02574787102639675, -0.00638591730967164, 0.035834621638059616, -0.026556802913546562, 0.017883284017443657, -0.011499830521643162, 0.01380748301744461, -0.013278872705996037, -0.018312308937311172, -0.04049178585410118, 0.016957592219114304, 0.01722937449812889, 0.030182311311364174, -0.044249527156353, 0.006709379609674215, -0.03878141939640045, -0.00694773904979229, 0.051006536930799484, 0.058059822767972946, 0.013700282201170921, 0.0015223288210108876, 0.001040083123371005, 0.04037943482398987, -0.03429026156663895, -0.06273028254508972, 0.057925742119550705, 0.026043472811579704, 0.036149948835372925, 0.030050130560994148, -0.05679236352443695, -0.04013323411345482, 0.01366340834647417, -0.009193128906190395, -0.026411565020680428, 0.0022752191871404648, -0.014561431482434273, 0.016906393691897392, 0.015768669545650482, 0.015092636458575726, 0.0816311165690422, 0.023550216108560562, 0.01573771797120571, 0.006296532694250345, -0.005824648309499025, 0.05215911567211151, -0.02813437581062317, -0.03448573127388954, -0.03879253566265106, 0.02042422443628311, -0.029730863869190216, 0.04013455659151077, -0.0021205986849963665, 0.044541358947753906, 0.0006031247321516275, -0.01729617454111576, -0.02983645722270012, 0.023038677871227264, 0.05255534127354622, 0.0002402617537882179, 0.016286881640553474, 0.037155598402023315, -0.008663194254040718, -0.03844299167394638, 0.02445952594280243, -0.015254907310009003, -0.01776743121445179, 0.007664703298360109, -0.041554342955350876, -0.02289215847849846, -0.05439293384552002, -0.03630514442920685, -0.0030889639165252447, -0.01792982779443264, 0.04726652428507805, -0.01665571518242359, 0.007738402578979731, -0.00024419682449661195, -0.0698486939072609, -0.011426428332924843, 0.006793840788304806, 0.011499251239001751, 0.04406103119254112, -0.04559626430273056, -0.012678276747465134, 0.004207403399050236, 0.012297515757381916, -0.09151248633861542, -0.03193102777004242, 0.023468047380447388, 0.0052724918350577354, -0.011895350180566311, -0.03991381451487541, -0.0004913366865366697, -0.0023194949608296156, -0.0359848290681839, -0.010241331532597542, 0.04963572695851326, 0.009591679088771343, -0.021652525290846825, -0.025282518938183784, -0.004444938153028488, 0.07197029143571854, -0.006442458368837833, -0.04238355532288551, 0.013639554381370544, -0.02703596092760563, -0.022008825093507767, 0.0016027371166273952, 0.022798823192715645, -0.013084987178444862, 0.00930646900087595, -0.009716084226965904, -0.02001028321683407, 0.01799062080681324, -0.04172356799244881, -0.04009568318724632, -0.016883308067917824, -0.023595677688717842, -0.0025592450983822346, -0.0400172583758831, 0.010176700539886951, -0.022614674642682076, 0.014635921455919743, 0.001109133125282824, 0.014493174850940704, -0.00019431629334576428, -0.051965612918138504, 0.029053092002868652, -0.013600621372461319, 0.026484614238142967, 0.02083689533174038, 0.05435958132147789, 0.012287572026252747, -0.021426156163215637, 0.006269958335906267, 0.00473703583702445, 0.032733768224716187, 0.02241947501897812, -0.007902589626610279, -0.009973046369850636, 0.0051941839046776295, -0.02933642454445362, -0.027386929839849472, -0.04043169319629669, 0.0026646272744983435, 0.09109840542078018, -0.01947934366762638, 0.05477070435881615, 0.06597115099430084, 0.001305267564021051, 0.007407297845929861, 0.027960103005170822, -0.026189418509602547, -0.030924350023269653, 0.017030887305736542, 0.03752303868532181, -0.02697364240884781, -0.02875017374753952, 0.015036000870168209, 0.012669144198298454, 0.0057609304785728455, 0.033206257969141006, 0.00861476268619299, 0.016874879598617554, 0.02187809720635414, -0.04432307928800583, -0.04954027757048607, 0.047188762575387955, -0.046561866998672485, 0.027826029807329178, -0.003245542524382472, -0.017200032249093056, 0.02077777124941349, 0.0018027612240985036, 0.0011564904125407338, -0.05342332646250725, -0.052896399050951004, -0.04338238760828972, 0.028284110128879547, 0.027495790272951126, 0.01001284271478653, 0.012873933650553226, -0.03885740786790848, 0.030701102688908577, -0.01830597221851349, 0.014054251834750175, -0.00883130356669426, -0.08309774100780487, -0.04079205542802811, -0.015592405572533607, -0.02716151997447014, 0.05619317293167114, 0.004970620386302471, -0.020474761724472046, -0.014044201001524925, -0.0030085390899330378, 0.023108460009098053, 0.01903771422803402, 0.04849154129624367, -0.022628799080848694, 0.08348940312862396, -0.0025378032587468624, 0.008167163468897343, 0.004892596509307623, 0.013495652005076408, 0.11324425041675568, 0.07293962687253952, 0.003138737753033638, -0.05932946875691414, -0.01257636770606041, 0.010940883308649063, -0.011596144177019596, -0.018627434968948364, 0.022844228893518448, 0.039720568805933, 0.025217488408088684, 0.00700403330847621, 0.0359342135488987, 0.023776646703481674, -0.030439181253314018, 0.048617370426654816, -0.016662495210766792, -0.0413433201611042, -0.034858085215091705, 0.0020761131308972836, -0.011384386569261551, 0.01300718355923891, -0.0734538659453392, -0.0023112345952540636, 0.013375582173466682, -0.03836994990706444, -0.016437513753771782, -0.022626018151640892, 0.005138883832842112, 0.00699529517441988, -0.009725537151098251, -0.019885288551449776, 0.02326388843357563, -0.012832996435463428, -0.05010216310620308, 0.011784330941736698, 0.004439766984432936, -0.037691421806812286, 0.013688196428120136, 0.027707673609256744, -0.014413150027394295, -0.010185034945607185, 0.0027184044010937214, -0.019045738503336906, -0.05120323970913887, -0.052144527435302734, -0.03505876287817955, 0.010950909927487373, -0.01113328617066145, 0.008753047324717045, -0.03394779562950134, 0.01857447810471058, -0.013042574748396873, -0.03545592352747917, -0.005713909398764372, 0.0015104240737855434, 0.04935067147016525, -0.05342622846364975, -0.05099141225218773, -0.04133693128824234, 0.015538842417299747, -0.017611118033528328, 0.015465878881514072, 0.025881385430693626, -0.020079582929611206, -0.01937336102128029, -0.013998975977301598, 0.03459053114056587, -0.0059796227142214775, -0.02031811885535717, 0.003066115081310272, 0.013707100413739681, -0.033719372004270554, 0.014704200439155102, 0.010028104297816753, -0.016557807102799416, 0.01809181272983551, 0.006070795003324747, -0.01583094336092472, -0.029237832874059677, -0.015690406784415245, 0.005299658048897982, -0.019319362938404083, 0.00354856438934803, -0.04109165444970131, -0.004663987085223198, 0.03933393582701683, 0.025591015815734863, 0.01749643310904503, 0.035685937851667404, -0.0012709139846265316, 0.01057539600878954, 0.03386325761675835, -0.050654828548431396, 0.006964241154491901, 0.018780190497636795, -0.04257945343852043, -0.0117195975035429, -0.019968735054135323, 0.10200031846761703, 0.035855621099472046, 0.01137834694236517, 0.0044059744104743, 0.032957855612039566, -0.008801073767244816, 0.01543881930410862, 0.016048584133386612, -0.046945054084062576, 0.011941294185817242, 0.03710072115063667, -0.013935579918324947, -0.03200870752334595, -0.06680842489004135, -0.022930800914764404, -0.012680371291935444, -0.012239827774465084, 0.0004366294015198946, -0.023985644802451134, 0.003364916890859604, -0.02446163445711136, 0.013864479959011078, -0.0190957672894001, 0.004091967362910509, -0.004349689465016127, -0.028929492458701134, 0.0069801704958081245, 0.009182552807033062, -0.005896895658224821, 0.008803784847259521, -0.02000073529779911, -0.023836078122258186, 0.03756626695394516, 0.039337605237960815, 0.06198710948228836, -0.02755894511938095, 0.02163362130522728, -0.018278153613209724, 0.03739914670586586, -0.029369773343205452, -0.01404337678104639, 0.03913373500108719, -0.07894805818796158, -0.02758048102259636, 0.01884852722287178, 0.002665996551513672, 0.04325856640934944, 0.0048829070292413235, -0.04589592665433884, -0.02003888413310051, 0.02748897112905979, -0.02829848788678646, -0.008830090053379536, -0.012010684236884117, 0.01257238443940878, -0.02600231021642685, -0.015728585422039032, 0.013952470384538174, -0.02252897433936596, -0.032959990203380585, 0.02838434837758541, 0.059359148144721985, -0.000026805408197105862, -0.011741012334823608, 0.03968994691967964, -0.003978594206273556, 0.01384816039353609, 0.0031272873748093843, 0.018367910757660866, 0.057862717658281326, 0.06153670698404312, -0.0572582371532917, 0.04328541457653046, -0.01829906553030014, 0.02849300019443035, -0.09362823516130447, -0.028089553117752075, 0.012829291634261608, 0.019481386989355087, 0.03748082369565964, -0.07246977835893631, -0.01715647242963314, 0.03960546478629112, -0.04277860000729561, 0.005397187080234289, -0.03184422478079796, -0.013251281343400478, -0.04692045971751213, 0.019336743280291557, -0.02626865543425083, 0.04735706001520157, 0.0369664691388607, 0.01861587166786194, 0.038361478596925735, 0.018622010946273804, -0.031350936740636826, 0.0028984223026782274, -0.010506677441298962, 0.019503066316246986, 0.022714562714099884, -0.07495991140604019, 0.015754228457808495, -0.017421916127204895, -0.05536175146698952, 0.05378144606947899, -0.008147585205733776, -0.0003301548713352531, 0.0205055084079504, -0.004171858076006174, -0.002847440540790558, 0.029051663354039192, 0.02600320614874363, -0.036534640938043594, -0.0422636941075325, 0.02723076567053795, 0.018690049648284912, 0.021942539140582085, -0.0010368552757427096, -0.019011197611689568, 0.04541958495974541, -0.005150761920958757, -0.017063962295651436, 0.0155326584354043, -0.019984934478998184, -0.00792127475142479, 0.01380489394068718, -0.030158262699842453, -0.0014739143662154675, -0.029767334461212158, 0.05225249007344246, -0.03911621868610382, -0.027290452271699905, 0.01972351036965847, 0.024298226460814476, -0.002815956948325038, 0.0023813704028725624, -0.010034807026386261, -0.02639286033809185, 0.023352716118097305, -0.00007207619637483731, -0.029497383162379265, -0.06859824061393738, -0.008614914491772652, -0.013579007238149643, -0.020007014274597168, -0.013006209395825863, -0.017632583156228065, -0.04285149276256561, 0.02539088949561119, 0.008592705242335796, -0.024136317893862724, -0.0036462624557316303, -0.025321517139673233, 0.00438113184645772, -0.057118769735097885, 0.05066767334938049, 0.004867355804890394, 0.00985148549079895, -0.0580553263425827, 0.026544716209173203, -0.007174755446612835, 0.013974147848784924, 0.05686110258102417, 0.02323566935956478, 0.016820687800645828, -0.02548457682132721, 0.04142105579376221, 0.01295128557831049, -0.05335133522748947, 0.02385081723332405, -0.014263336546719074, -0.028042515739798546, -0.020464882254600525, -0.032520633190870285, -0.008165367878973484, -0.014322853647172451, 0.009885410778224468, -0.006515973247587681, 0.019855506718158722, -0.0026271941605955362, -0.021896224468946457, 0.04567239060997963, 0.004285525996237993, -0.0195661298930645, 0.04086687043309212, -0.020454073324799538, 0.016475897282361984, 0.04900946468114853, -0.00727583933621645, -0.05040786787867546, -0.0008701140759512782, -0.019572783261537552, -0.037847619503736496, -0.005681430455297232, 0.010477020405232906, 0.026580240577459335, -0.04912658408284187, -0.0005256796139292419, 0.01692125014960766, -0.05538342520594597, 0.02425098605453968, 0.040944963693618774, 0.03458620607852936, 0.046249985694885254, -0.019308583810925484, 0.015128405764698982, 0.00347159500233829, -0.016171099618077278, 0.024718625470995903, 0.026194285601377487, 0.04490351304411888, -0.00993648823350668, 0.037186149507761, 0.02231282740831375, -0.021530240774154663, -0.0024529870133847, 0.016588307917118073, 0.0432358980178833, -0.023494184017181396, -0.0062101599760353565, 0.011906405910849571, -0.021537773311138153, -0.00013039674377068877, 0.022423110902309418, -0.03809225931763649, 0.04964113235473633, -0.017621273174881935, -0.006523346994072199, -0.023623673245310783, 0.004579624626785517, -0.030128421261906624, -0.02363877184689045, 0.0022227077279239893, 0.06680650264024734, -0.017319679260253906, 0.006612725555896759, -0.008011646568775177, -0.037387654185295105, 0.030811652541160583, 0.00704123405739665, 0.058165404945611954, -0.024592647328972816, 0.022150898352265358, -0.02431662008166313, 0.009166333824396133, -0.021645689383149147, -0.020000768825411797, 0.042353708297014236, 0.02365141734480858, 0.033417195081710815, -0.009593846276402473, -0.029693737626075745, -0.030852749943733215, 0.0541161373257637, -0.04458436369895935, -0.04801119863986969, -0.05607897788286209, 0.03769461438059807, -0.02874881401658058, 0.00982203334569931 ]
<p>I apologise for the mix-up. Am trying to do a diallel analysis involving three parents in poultry. I tried using SAS05 program but it didnt work, i guess it was designed for diallel analysis involving 4-12 parents. I will appreciate any advice or direction on how to perform diallel analysis with 3 parents using either R or SAS. Thank you</p>
74,068
[ -0.0465591624379158, -0.016338856890797615, -0.03015938401222229, 0.03117549605667591, 0.03391871973872185, 0.0024113135877996683, -0.00642536161467433, -0.043654732406139374, 0.05283111706376076, 0.0010464789811521769, 0.06615477800369263, 0.042861826717853546, 0.02127159759402275, 0.0074313790537416935, 0.04226626828312874, 0.012506265193223953, -0.008564255200326443, -0.023917585611343384, 0.012280386872589588, 0.025780275464057922, 0.014522488228976727, -0.00293727801181376, -0.014882687479257584, 0.005475240759551525, 0.0021363941486924887, 0.07254025340080261, 0.04208570718765259, -0.03417707607150078, 0.006532777100801468, 0.03294640779495239, -0.05090474709868431, -0.00011000131780747324, 0.03415720909833908, 0.022249657660722733, 0.02735219895839691, -0.0017304137581959367, -0.020122848451137543, -0.01998300291597843, -0.049377694725990295, 0.040185924619436264, -0.04485413432121277, -0.02191578410565853, 0.018122581765055656, 0.014121702872216702, 0.003091539489105344, -0.04631233960390091, 0.044359657913446426, 0.010835650376975536, 0.01661578007042408, -0.07414297759532928, 0.06917722523212433, 0.003182732267305255, 0.010762331075966358, 0.03035932593047619, -0.0005299790645949543, 0.03984028100967407, 0.05925740301609039, 0.06480464339256287, 0.025452520698308945, -0.044277988374233246, -0.03612103313207626, -0.022134436294436455, 0.00854488555341959, -0.02688603661954403, -0.05585063621401787, 0.01128415483981371, -0.012863404117524624, -0.006229458376765251, 0.019144857302308083, -0.03833978995680809, 0.014636176638305187, 0.012314118444919586, 0.06988583505153656, 0.0034895259886980057, 0.01493983156979084, -0.01764354109764099, 0.00014450882736127824, -0.020265650004148483, 0.05333355814218521, 0.024030189961194992, -0.01066026370972395, 0.06672334671020508, 0.005291018169373274, 0.01529648993164301, 0.011926794424653053, -0.040375005453825, 0.031251467764377594, -0.015089151449501514, -0.004693740978837013, 0.011533032171428204, -0.012431846931576729, 0.027584899216890335, 0.09356822073459625, 0.05357370525598526, -0.03013750910758972, 0.032296665012836456, -0.011005772277712822, 0.029176810756325722, -0.01921924203634262, -0.029230009764432907, 0.02417118474841118, -0.05403964966535568, 0.03382832929491997, 0.0576060526072979, -0.0036741180811077356, -0.024474717676639557, -0.02327209897339344, 0.001269519329071045, -0.015823984518647194, -0.042644500732421875, 0.02922878786921501, 0.019880633801221848, -0.0018045605393126607, 0.010162287391722202, 0.0421297624707222, -0.021842701360583305, -0.034957483410835266, 0.03971847519278526, 0.0641617551445961, 0.04999493807554245, 0.012289543636143208, -0.028061393648386, 0.012718809768557549, -0.02368643507361412, -0.06204141676425934, -0.0034786409232765436, -0.025991598144173622, -0.013328575529158115, -0.015833796933293343, 0.07387847453355789, 0.00473052728921175, -0.017737481743097305, 0.04060712829232216, -0.0041902135126292706, 0.007204034365713596, -0.030650028958916664, -0.05943005904555321, -0.05783011391758919, 0.011499828658998013, -0.04714271426200867, 0.040989089757204056, -0.057389240711927414, 0.004342885222285986, -0.0009201549692079425, 0.059812627732753754, 0.0062816329300403595, 0.009807254187762737, 0.03298019617795944, 0.00446128798648715, 0.020067693665623665, -0.00796089693903923, -0.02339612878859043, -0.016545550897717476, -0.017257029190659523, -0.006174653302878141, -0.07828537374734879, 0.05398838222026825, -0.0067680999636650085, -0.021515540778636932, -0.013912913389503956, 0.006406870670616627, -0.019971156492829323, -0.0009337948285974562, -0.028526704758405685, -0.003021996933966875, -0.0077634635381400585, 0.05648136883974075, -0.046010009944438934, -0.018120283260941505, 0.010398799553513527, -0.02525816485285759, 0.02389540709555149, -0.007909629493951797, 0.07123422622680664, 0.04522457718849182, 0.007516124285757542, 0.016722002997994423, -0.015419643372297287, -0.004776919726282358, 0.0015118109295144677, 0.010904766619205475, -0.007997910492122173, 0.004279864486306906, 0.009291259571909904, 0.020974300801753998, 0.0005367717822082341, -0.013958592899143696, -0.0176627729088068, 0.05686242878437042, -0.051609236747026443, -0.051026370376348495, -0.06548325717449188, -0.013638247735798359, -0.009410575963556767, -0.03680333495140076, -0.019288282841444016, 0.027312684804201126, 0.029057443141937256, -0.024394603446125984, -0.027279971167445183, -0.03759760782122612, 0.011514985002577305, 0.030850837007164955, -0.02472619153559208, -0.004111132584512234, 0.04467511922121048, 0.058909960091114044, -0.03698739409446716, 0.005813270807266235, -0.011247397400438786, -0.0010990536538884044, 0.034480467438697815, -0.016402337700128555, 0.027702929452061653, 0.002338654361665249, 0.0026547417510300875, 0.021166149526834488, 0.03317900747060776, -0.021702999249100685, 0.03110380843281746, -0.04886910691857338, 0.04536942392587662, 0.05154853314161301, 0.035699427127838135, 0.014952979981899261, 0.0061781094409525394, -0.0033816476352512836, 0.03126288577914238, -0.006485894322395325, -0.014469102025032043, -0.039083633571863174, 0.004750304855406284, 0.04298127070069313, -0.005345104727894068, -0.02686162292957306, -0.0009312127949669957, 0.06233365461230278, -0.011433062143623829, -0.02048950456082821, 0.05249509587883949, -0.004243042785674334, 0.011856679804623127, 0.018328890204429626, -0.014704203233122826, -0.0008177364943549037, 0.026225009933114052, 0.022019242867827415, -0.006887608673423529, 0.06490875035524368, -0.015591059811413288, -0.05940983444452286, 0.050924934446811676, -0.007903767749667168, 0.009977004490792751, -0.013854616321623325, -0.025171054527163506, 0.05276218801736832, -0.01623387075960636, 0.022593270987272263, 0.06711534410715103, 0.026180656626820564, -0.03185694292187691, 0.042701978236436844, -0.01859484799206257, 0.049090657383203506, 0.062002621591091156, -0.02323259599506855, 0.016241248697042465, 0.0019238510867580771, -0.037558816373348236, 0.018367309123277664, -0.03338351473212242, 0.002247525379061699, -0.04070526733994484, -0.0014206977793946862, 0.006597015541046858, -0.02136838808655739, 0.03536802530288696, -0.024950824677944183, -0.04360077157616615, 0.029626818373799324, -0.026669040322303772, 0.0272672101855278, -0.034253209829330444, -0.06926330178976059, -0.021651186048984528, -0.017777645960450172, 0.004232698120176792, 0.014694257639348507, 0.008450516499578953, -0.03402434661984444, 0.03047230653464794, -0.0062648640014231205, -0.053314633667469025, -0.03232424333691597, -0.03759008273482323, 0.0049817790277302265, -0.002073056763038039, 0.0276939794421196, -0.0029562772251665592, 0.03081243298947811, 0.005225862376391888, -0.013094956986606121, -0.06415640562772751, 0.0034886624198406935, -0.012415537610650063, 0.027625227347016335, 0.007343173958361149, 0.01704302802681923, -0.017834719270467758, 0.018606219440698624, -0.02184421382844448, -0.006523936986923218, -0.04180160164833069, -0.04940236359834671, 0.01808486506342888, 0.03887072578072548, 0.007983244024217129, 0.007363897282630205, -0.03959636390209198, -0.0015332662733271718, -0.0037286225706338882, -0.024397768080234528, -0.03255036473274231, 0.0011817949125543237, -0.016142869368195534, -0.0037265941500663757, 0.03482432663440704, -0.004939818289130926, 0.02612125687301159, 0.016590848565101624, -0.008740812540054321, 0.006416793446987867, 0.047721587121486664, 0.006518480367958546, -0.030679529532790184, 0.026883743703365326, -0.04272345080971718, -0.01655665412545204, 0.021834859624505043, 0.02616681158542633, -0.029045401141047478, -0.00010045335511676967, -0.00515155540779233, -0.035771939903497696, 0.016864940524101257, -0.042871955782175064, -0.06223934516310692, -0.013726446777582169, 0.010705932974815369, -0.0022083993535488844, -0.004563093651086092, 0.04032574221491814, -0.029788097366690636, 0.03304212912917137, 0.021415088325738907, 0.049161650240421295, -0.02629576437175274, -0.029417896643280983, 0.04565194621682167, 0.017179064452648163, 0.004187901504337788, 0.005815975833684206, 0.013533682562410831, -0.037379708141088486, -0.03673066198825836, 0.005842546932399273, -0.02732117287814617, 0.03663795813918114, 0.034623194485902786, 0.010447182692587376, -0.028458287939429283, -0.03784405440092087, 0.0341036431491375, -0.06278178095817566, -0.008534750901162624, -0.03952345997095108, 0.05350084230303764, 0.005068712402135134, 0.03958342969417572, -0.004751153755933046, -0.008778049610555172, 0.021104322746396065, -0.020419428125023842, -0.03269176930189133, 0.020048614591360092, -0.0062809600494802, 0.008168092928826809, -0.00021485195611603558, -0.022592000663280487, 0.003293489571660757, -0.012623963877558708, 0.03439967706799507, 0.0046079219318926334, 0.024455085396766663, -0.011327260173857212, 0.020129967480897903, -0.004014164675027132, 0.004596116486936808, 0.024603568017482758, 0.018140042200684547, 0.0159872155636549, 0.01733098179101944, 0.044580716639757156, 0.05518217757344246, 0.001109379343688488, -0.03171242028474808, -0.046301040798425674, 0.004104855004698038, 0.016616329550743103, 0.08302734792232513, 0.05058439075946808, 0.05558907613158226, -0.026360057294368744, 0.017750121653079987, -0.018614070490002632, 0.034437183290719986, 0.04825402423739433, 0.018635736778378487, -0.013888772577047348, -0.02463185042142868, -0.002756381407380104, 0.0002606171474326402, 0.007471806835383177, -0.025272857397794724, -0.010411616414785385, 0.00841559935361147, 0.03384587541222572, -0.05368160083889961, 0.0005272675189189613, 0.06716392934322357, 0.027778364717960358, -0.041101884096860886, -0.024279065430164337, -0.028812723234295845, -0.009923585690557957, -0.04197422042489052, 0.06367765367031097, 0.029333792626857758, -0.0009220225620083511, -0.009090025909245014, 0.036417629569768906, -0.022291170433163643, -0.0031743282452225685, 0.029140127822756767, -0.00833298359066248, 0.023357542231678963, -0.015248065814375877, -0.05210695415735245, -0.02836415357887745, 0.030784955248236656, 0.0044303713366389275, 0.026636382564902306, 0.008889074437320232, -0.08560286462306976, 0.0033053955994546413, 0.04946761205792427, 0.03948269039392471, -0.08892274647951126, 0.011099505238234997, -0.017108777537941933, -0.0162393469363451, 0.014366766437888145, -0.052085958421230316, 0.03517000749707222, -0.056114647537469864, 0.007544717751443386, -0.020620591938495636, -0.005995505955070257, -0.018454723060131073, 0.018367812037467957, -0.01852537877857685, 0.0328986756503582, 0.0103205731138587, 0.004490002524107695, -0.013511001132428646, -0.003926900681108236, 0.019549375399947166, 0.03928129002451897, -0.010904999449849129, -0.002725075464695692, 0.053206268697977066, 0.050215944647789, -0.03842536732554436, -0.04135024920105934, 0.019857734441757202, -0.03466701880097389, 0.012598377652466297, 0.05052193999290466, -0.014148824848234653, -0.049823977053165436, 0.014341941103339195, 0.04403273016214371, 0.013944530859589577, -0.01589060202240944, -0.0023758297320455313, 0.04619796201586723, 0.013860614039003849, -0.009490824304521084, 0.061383284628391266, 0.033259909600019455, -0.01689448393881321, -0.025244776159524918, -0.03458588570356369, 0.02097722701728344, -0.04794676601886749, -0.05406755581498146, -0.01665382832288742, 0.011235794052481651, -0.012127681635320187, 0.006053728051483631, -0.04780057445168495, 0.027402792125940323, -0.07209053635597229, -0.0018838891992345452, 0.0360640324652195, 0.015274379402399063, -0.010429058223962784, 0.026422061026096344, -0.022627724334597588, -0.00047375247231684625, 0.0014793650479987264, -0.03267891705036163, 0.01507647056132555, -0.027360841631889343, -0.010910158976912498, 0.004290856420993805, -0.01944793574512005, 0.020238429307937622, -0.01241398323327303, -0.06748171895742416, -0.00039970659418031573, 0.0002061534469248727, 0.04830192029476166, -0.024677766487002373, 0.05123664811253548, 0.007264690939337015, -0.06716213375329971, -0.01903180032968521, 0.013281730003654957, -0.007557230070233345, 0.02020592987537384, -0.03525548055768013, 0.05888890475034714, -0.03307833895087242, -0.013747676275670528, -0.06551294773817062, -0.05404336750507355, 0.027409717440605164, -0.0027066257316619158, -0.021450813859701157, -0.05640406906604767, -0.01324547827243805, 0.0017926049185916781, -0.013370039872825146, -0.031813088804483414, 0.05474785715341568, -0.04680781066417694, 0.023337434977293015, -0.019784245640039444, -0.00003343917342135683, 0.05011320859193802, 0.01367506105452776, 0.03702811151742935, -0.0012427727924659848, -0.008877817541360855, -0.011099928058683872, -0.0016739708371460438, 0.008555656298995018, -0.02295423112809658, -0.017522407695651054, 0.0030004391446709633, 0.009881507605314255, 0.033584676682949066, -0.027632204815745354, -0.007222145330160856, -0.0018214716110378504, -0.020970089361071587, -0.006396988872438669, -0.027306146919727325, 0.020650815218687057, -0.029591398313641548, 0.003647446632385254, -0.04178527370095253, -0.00576430931687355, -0.03894399479031563, -0.00008011563477339223, -0.018181338906288147, -0.040514469146728516, -0.03243623301386833, 0.04057162255048752, 0.0952189639210701, -0.004011459648609161, 0.00463482178747654, -0.012079217471182346, -0.001978260697796941, 0.03665205463767052, -0.026585018262267113, 0.04281114786863327, -0.012870630249381065, 0.018333004787564278, 0.006081847939640284, 0.016790710389614105, -0.02132090926170349, 0.01228250376880169, 0.05801825970411301, -0.02913861908018589, 0.013587203808128834, 0.04877239093184471, -0.028380755335092545, 0.0071869464591145515, -0.0317961610853672, -0.031674545258283615, -0.011738965287804604, 0.03539352864027023, 0.07003497332334518, -0.00781458429992199, -0.013050621375441551, 0.019523054361343384, 0.01921936683356762, 0.058392636477947235, 0.044604454189538956, 0.01609254628419876, 0.01713213324546814, -0.021677132695913315, -0.016271838918328285, -0.052224673330783844, 0.005287335254251957, -0.011522948741912842, 0.0029262746684253216, -0.029943782836198807, -0.029147503897547722, 0.027419306337833405, 0.0506293810904026, 0.008812068961560726, -0.08072799444198608, -0.030755307525396347, -0.03512318432331085, 0.04852711409330368, 0.040608931332826614, -0.019746121019124985, 0.007669827900826931, 0.033034153282642365, 0.05001191794872284, -0.012917838990688324, 0.029021939262747765, -0.02584506943821907, -0.061539147049188614, -0.02690128982067108, -0.034338634461164474, -0.019020134583115578, 0.031830888241529465, -0.008029048331081867, 0.0048412722535431385, -0.008997374214231968, -0.024442756548523903, -0.019218066707253456, 0.010815171524882317, 0.04928290471434593, 0.0021320325322449207, 0.07047154754400253, 0.017247535288333893, 0.015214480459690094, 0.005362420808523893, 0.011324250139296055, 0.15573525428771973, 0.04874690994620323, 0.03821694105863571, -0.08452176302671432, 0.0503217987716198, 0.0182880237698555, 0.003841456025838852, -0.026705078780651093, 0.00024455346283502877, 0.01609586365520954, -0.01513496320694685, 0.04251110553741455, 0.046017833054065704, 0.005619203206151724, 0.02171090990304947, 0.060387831181287766, -0.00635900441557169, -0.05007433518767357, 0.008856304921209812, -0.006310493219643831, -0.00837026722729206, -0.022026721388101578, -0.02031674236059189, 0.022722860798239708, 0.030675748363137245, -0.02741447649896145, -0.047945331782102585, -0.014753361232578754, 0.0158598143607378, -0.012848690152168274, -0.03576921671628952, -0.03422847390174866, 0.011944537982344627, 0.02891247533261776, -0.015492170117795467, -0.019277513027191162, -0.012323652394115925, -0.06133490800857544, 0.009178445674479008, 0.02575743943452835, 0.0276179239153862, -0.011593026109039783, -0.0020848114509135485, 0.009032883681356907, -0.027245458215475082, -0.02596672624349594, 0.009664004668593407, 0.02690497413277626, -0.004896987695246935, -0.019140418618917465, -0.018363747745752335, 0.014639966189861298, 0.044828008860349655, -0.06538969278335571, -0.0049209026619791985, -0.0015952453250065446, 0.0027122271712869406, -0.02958201989531517, -0.002622396219521761, -0.009842537343502045, 0.04848979786038399, -0.038442227989435196, 0.024247776716947556, -0.010919900611042976, -0.004775163717567921, 0.010718530043959618, -0.059997446835041046, 0.04260362312197685, 0.0006598177715204656, 0.006243609823286533, -0.012494438327848911, 0.020408565178513527, -0.02408335916697979, 0.003104707458987832, 0.04466158524155617, 0.03387840837240219, -0.012287914752960205, -0.00162804638966918, -0.017770132049918175, 0.01712486706674099, -0.06195828318595886, 0.050243232399225235, -0.0173517856746912, -0.020906604826450348, -0.02910144068300724, 0.0019505834206938744, 0.0339263491332531, 0.04225968196988106, 0.0008450798341073096, 0.04081665351986885, -0.06350868195295334, 0.01835714466869831, 0.009501430206000805, -0.04703370854258537, -0.02085794135928154, 0.005892371758818626, -0.015535167418420315, -0.03415912762284279, -0.03934738412499428, 0.04056220501661301, 0.005761635024100542, 0.040436241775751114, -0.039616383612155914, 0.012283681891858578, 0.018239011988043785, 0.04430424049496651, -0.016997089609503746, -0.055089548230171204, 0.019498422741889954, -0.0296652652323246, 0.023447751998901367, -0.023940877988934517, -0.03158972039818764, -0.028955724090337753, -0.022592905908823013, 0.010747523047029972, -0.03343183174729347, -0.03155048191547394, 0.0155795244500041, -0.015740998089313507, -0.005983605515211821, -0.018023384734988213, 0.03197077289223671, -0.02041451819241047, -0.015831777825951576, 0.001031561172567308, 0.002096334705129266, -0.016925523057579994, -0.03505631536245346, 0.021664107218384743, -0.000775625288952142, 0.029695944860577583, 0.004310407675802708, 0.04152796044945717, -0.006640735547989607, 0.0190616212785244, 0.013184688054025173, 0.058578524738550186, -0.03929569572210312, 0.0047902860678732395, 0.015894191339612007, -0.0708632543683052, -0.03189319744706154, -0.005888215731829405, -0.019861148670315742, 0.0016447182279080153, 0.017638476565480232, 0.035384926944971085, -0.039461661130189896, 0.03957260400056839, -0.011947443708777428, -0.003787299618124962, 0.025863531976938248, 0.03649507090449333, 0.0005962150753475726, 0.026867983862757683, -0.03276088088750839, 0.007598529104143381, -0.04712553322315216, 0.041940975934267044, 0.03683831915259361, 0.02479780651628971, -0.0028410577215254307, 0.0033936023246496916, -0.02165067568421364, 0.012602961622178555, -0.016805775463581085, -0.046635743230581284, 0.0653480663895607, 0.06261532008647919, -0.024949487298727036, 0.027203096076846123, 0.0018736174097284675, 0.015008704736828804, -0.07244204729795456, -0.002670243615284562, -0.004052944015711546, 0.05331932753324509, 0.025407196953892708, -0.04901852458715439, 0.01262203324586153, 0.001844542333856225, -0.023677047342061996, -0.01812656968832016, 0.007699059322476387, 0.017859812825918198, -0.010423663072288036, 0.008942182175815105, -0.022993076592683792, 0.020340213552117348, 0.005294194910675287, 0.011686807498335838, 0.03995071351528168, -0.003389630001038313, 0.005333613604307175, -0.02275960147380829, -0.013452531769871712, -0.014434688724577427, 0.013448613695800304, -0.08501637727022171, -0.014828345738351345, -0.01950826309621334, -0.03348763659596443, 0.021614186465740204, -0.02027042582631111, 0.01568019576370716, 0.030277516692876816, 0.015139738097786903, -0.0038378864992409945, 0.05388206988573074, 0.016872210428118706, 0.005616949405521154, 0.02789914235472679, 0.012448010966181755, 0.010056231170892715, 0.010699491016566753, -0.038979195058345795, 0.003133610123768449, 0.04014943167567253, -0.008554027415812016, -0.007030101493000984, 0.015019990503787994, -0.04753939062356949, -0.032067880034446716, -0.030538631603121758, -0.030835719779133797, 0.021122829988598824, 0.00870662834495306, 0.0035977426450699568, -0.016379423439502716, 0.02887294813990593, 0.012305624783039093, 0.053501736372709274, 0.028601447120308876, 0.009185242466628551, -0.013964281417429447, -0.03340955078601837, -0.005516675300896168, -0.014149465598165989, -0.01607467420399189, -0.02766047604382038, -0.00733239995315671, 0.00789039395749569, -0.02580874040722847, 0.006252940744161606, 0.0252749752253294, -0.034871023148298264, 0.062387097626924515, -0.05607765540480614, -0.010635252110660076, 0.04084399342536926, 0.0022236660588532686, 0.04923151805996895, -0.03929322212934494, 0.07965706288814545, 0.03611822426319122, -0.01613735966384411, -0.016943806782364845, -0.00418185256421566, -0.04317548871040344, 0.005234235431998968, 0.009921818971633911, -0.015714790672063828, 0.027164703235030174, -0.04654828459024429, 0.0463947057723999, 0.008110307157039642, -0.033564720302820206, 0.05878366529941559, 0.00400187075138092, -0.02428152970969677, -0.037892840802669525, -0.01963176764547825, 0.02312174066901207, 0.038489654660224915, -0.011308741755783558, 0.008989647962152958, 0.02654513157904148, 0.01676805131137371, -0.006605978589504957, -0.025562910363078117, 0.024172253906726837, -0.0373603031039238, 0.05536273121833801, -0.002751220017671585, -0.03447289392352104, 0.0510421022772789, 0.03984725475311279, -0.006108005531132221, 0.04693874344229698, -0.036431554704904556, -0.006825549528002739, -0.014731618575751781, -0.02032158523797989, -0.005336846690624952, -0.10705867409706116, 0.017434479668736458, -0.0009039270807988942, -0.02241971157491207, 0.0003383874718565494, 0.01792188547551632, 0.016864625737071037, 0.03930067643523216, 0.020060952752828598, 0.040970128029584885, -0.018882788717746735, 0.01624605990946293, 0.02558482065796852, 0.0003635696484707296, -0.019166437909007072, 0.011705983430147171, -0.00861218012869358, 0.03315577656030655, 0.008123822510242462, 0.0374189168214798, -0.06525184214115143, 0.022872762754559517, 0.0009258641512133181, -0.013094018213450909, -0.011323490180075169, -0.045088306069374084, 0.02263723500072956, 0.0025029946118593216, -0.01882440410554409, 0.051281172782182693, -0.03358015790581703, 0.005700564943253994, -0.02594633214175701, -0.010611542500555515, -0.008004298433661461, -0.006929897703230381, -0.014041959308087826, 0.003748225746676326, 0.0018907764460891485, 0.02626938186585903, -0.038530148565769196, 0.0021427201572805643, 0.05787911266088486, -0.023234276100993156, -0.0011520597618073225, -0.03492746874690056, 0.036247994750738144, -0.02759840525686741, -0.030357029289007187, -0.012004537507891655, 0.017977943643927574, 0.0023522672709077597, 0.027994496747851372, 0.017412735149264336, -0.03928263857960701, -0.001650069491006434, 0.027214305475354195, 0.018081460148096085, -0.02653389610350132, -0.061741430312395096, -0.009520644322037697, -0.024045849218964577, -0.01677759736776352, 0.010859265923500061 ]
<p>My understanding of information entropy is that it requires the input probabilities to sum to 1.</p> <p>So, for a sequence a,a,b,b you then have -([1/2 log2 1/2] + [1/2 log2 1/2]) = 1</p> <p>Are there versions of information entropy that don't require probabilities to sum to 1? Or, is there a way to measure entropy that is also sensitive to the quantity of items, not only their probability? Or, is there an accepted way to derive a form of 'non-normalised' information entropy that somehow takes into account that the longer the information stream is, the more likely you'll come across various arrangements of information?</p> <p>e.g. Not that this is accurate, but to convey the question. Lets say you can compute a non-normalised entropy for the same sequence a,a,b,b as such:</p> <p>-([1/2 log2 1/2] + [1/2 log2 1/2] + [1/2 log2 1/2] + [1/2 log2 1/2]) = 2</p> <p>Alternately, can you sum the information content over a string of information?</p> <ul> <li>For a,a,b,b you have four items at 1 bit of surprise each, therefore 4 total bits.</li> <li>For a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,b you have 10 items at 0.469 bits average surprise, therefore 4.69 total bits?</li> </ul>
74,069
[ -0.008335447870194912, -0.004995907656848431, -0.008794999681413174, 0.008854015730321407, 0.0035365382209420204, 0.04337158054113388, -0.0019201990216970444, -0.006453291513025761, 0.001064432435669005, -0.022031305357813835, 0.0378185473382473, 0.03659388795495033, 0.003988838288933039, 0.02658025175333023, 0.011728045530617237, -0.00893476139754057, -0.007574340328574181, 0.021016797050833702, -0.0062905773520469666, -0.017254231497645378, 0.00183899886906147, 0.02510913647711277, 0.02826852910220623, -0.00529471505433321, -0.02630312368273735, 0.056943539530038834, 0.019737055525183678, -0.016624853014945984, 0.017157360911369324, 0.0824984684586525, 0.007706848904490471, -0.0158107690513134, 0.04206842556595802, 0.0610153004527092, 0.031153367832303047, -0.02176530845463276, -0.028524745255708694, -0.00701691210269928, -0.014460964128375053, 0.005923890974372625, -0.06221712380647659, 0.004930802620947361, 0.002133721951395273, 0.023468833416700363, -0.01991962268948555, 0.02235138975083828, -0.030591366812586784, -0.03026108630001545, 0.002253560582175851, -0.056182242929935455, 0.059310052543878555, -0.014314149506390095, 0.0310782752931118, 0.02243831381201744, -0.014920806512236595, 0.005680610425770283, 0.03841780126094818, 0.08494508266448975, 0.003470364725217223, -0.026014160364866257, -0.029076268896460533, -0.021069282665848732, 0.02419724501669407, -0.025306405499577522, -0.01890883967280388, 0.0412706583738327, -0.029935766011476517, -0.004134159069508314, 0.05074493959546089, 0.011355136521160603, 0.0024371708277612925, 0.016299551352858543, 0.059006717056035995, -0.008645772002637386, 0.03555285185575485, -0.0043315342627465725, 0.016555707901716232, -0.020194921642541885, 0.024674108251929283, 0.078739695250988, 0.026755649596452713, -0.01825021207332611, 0.03562453016638756, 0.037338584661483765, 0.04007222503423691, -0.01669548824429512, 0.06449495255947113, -0.041490036994218826, -0.005258981604129076, 0.05190567299723625, -0.012736381031572819, -0.011846166104078293, 0.018141569569706917, -0.020458156242966652, -0.04664882645010948, 0.04396891966462135, -0.030920078977942467, 0.03183402121067047, 0.014897800050675869, -0.023036332800984383, -0.013413714244961739, -0.042730145156383514, 0.04332543909549713, 0.07885199785232544, -0.007900864817202091, 0.009771187789738178, -0.05842970311641693, 0.018250640481710434, -0.013763896189630032, -0.0007624901481904089, 0.013412042520940304, 0.002147030783817172, 0.023366117849946022, 0.008772904984652996, -0.00788277667015791, -0.025743911042809486, 0.0024844855070114136, 0.01273487787693739, 0.07004445046186447, 0.055734265595674515, 0.006048808339983225, -0.020331135019659996, 0.0189479049295187, -0.027931446209549904, -0.020524848252534866, 0.008706049993634224, 0.023831376805901527, -0.0027926580514758825, -0.056079618632793427, 0.05810914933681488, -0.02940014749765396, -0.00947723537683487, 0.05036159232258797, -0.003312564454972744, 0.03324362263083458, -0.016014423221349716, -0.08350282907485962, -0.046648044139146805, 0.04693231359124184, -0.009018980897963047, -0.05951930209994316, -0.06267081946134567, 0.013131801970303059, 0.04194091260433197, 0.02578793279826641, 0.003294953377917409, 0.06396040320396423, 0.016748394817113876, -0.004413465037941933, 0.04634064808487892, -0.035334259271621704, -0.005576897878199816, -0.009781165979802608, 0.004944358486682177, 0.019817262887954712, -0.049001287668943405, 0.03859499841928482, 0.03117792122066021, -0.01692301034927368, -0.0072118607349693775, -0.01478422898799181, 0.025215527042746544, -0.029585350304841995, 0.0066107651218771935, 0.015284188091754913, -0.022826900705695152, 0.07298478484153748, -0.0010810400126501918, 0.00031330142519436777, 0.022165387868881226, 0.02472607232630253, -0.017490101978182793, -0.022535018622875214, 0.024916166439652443, 0.08136714994907379, -0.047073714435100555, -0.02419304847717285, -0.01386368926614523, 0.03539789840579033, 0.004263645503669977, 0.018172642216086388, -0.03447050601243973, -0.01518733985722065, 0.032171815633773804, 0.049189385026693344, 0.012416706420481205, 0.015422841534018517, -0.04434804618358612, 0.025248389691114426, -0.03797800466418266, -0.018116643652319908, -0.06571556627750397, 0.004959622863680124, 0.004677256569266319, -0.027668628841638565, 0.03173132240772247, 0.024763334542512894, 0.04078809544444084, -0.029404884204268456, -0.024581074714660645, -0.058210588991642, -0.008108631707727909, 0.033274538815021515, -0.04796828329563141, -0.0322357714176178, 0.05246958136558533, 0.03135652467608452, -0.035316403955221176, 0.027786849066615105, -0.035655707120895386, -0.08074899017810822, -0.029858242720365524, -0.009311540052294731, 0.0008079425315372646, -0.026325762271881104, -0.011132970452308655, 0.026660732924938202, 0.028967399150133133, -0.00978869292885065, -0.002203254494816065, -0.048052411526441574, 0.07529575377702713, 0.014936043880879879, 0.041467852890491486, -0.04547107592225075, 0.013265796937048435, 0.037088483572006226, -0.012863000854849815, -0.0342540368437767, -0.013793475925922394, -0.056544229388237, -0.012186060659587383, 0.03297838941216469, 0.060464758425951004, -0.03689821437001228, -0.0156503114849329, 0.06341587752103806, 0.00741116888821125, 0.017706189304590225, 0.02829797938466072, -0.01159974467009306, -0.02557598054409027, -0.018119899556040764, -0.007799599785357714, 0.001331071020103991, -0.017621010541915894, 0.021809570491313934, -0.01868237741291523, -0.01595073938369751, -0.011391397565603256, -0.04323795065283775, -0.008967455476522446, 0.017459861934185028, 0.021098457276821136, -0.041124142706394196, 0.002275201492011547, 0.041384123265743256, -0.03272459656000137, 0.019078049808740616, -0.005792437121272087, 0.020094681531190872, -0.007475575432181358, 0.011290566064417362, -0.03309187665581703, -0.00041990625322796404, 0.0002671153924893588, -0.020101534202694893, -0.029086025431752205, 0.016542993485927582, -0.028577229008078575, 0.010583239607512951, 0.01826982945203781, -0.01286475919187069, -0.016735918819904327, 0.025554658845067024, 0.03834141790866852, -0.05866063013672829, 0.028574028983712196, -0.03662906214594841, -0.01710563525557518, -0.008682424202561378, 0.021586958318948746, -0.015234160237014294, 0.0008983940351754427, -0.04106489568948746, -0.008849697187542915, -0.0012720986269414425, -0.04758989438414574, 0.026547932997345924, -0.03700101748108864, 0.017819451168179512, -0.0013799355365335941, -0.036949899047613144, -0.046949196606874466, 0.005150546319782734, -0.033220324665308, 0.014556375332176685, -0.05273094400763512, -0.01802809163928032, 0.05081915855407715, -0.023944467306137085, -0.06350726634263992, 0.013029385358095169, -0.06028878316283226, -0.05137510597705841, -0.022351128980517387, -0.01819782704114914, 0.011032539419829845, -0.0012073949910700321, 0.020525727421045303, -0.007070553954690695, -0.008462456054985523, -0.0038129575550556183, -0.06564661115407944, -0.066312275826931, 0.03595941886305809, -0.011615383438766003, 0.054904211312532425, 0.005603616591542959, -0.04570791870355606, 0.033309485763311386, 0.036297671496868134, -0.030578942969441414, -0.011119917035102844, 0.010808499529957771, 0.03151038661599159, -0.004642182495445013, 0.017881784588098526, 0.017097637057304382, -0.016548026353120804, 0.05137139931321144, 0.033939991146326065, 0.026327092200517654, 0.05160290375351906, -0.003356101457029581, -0.005320871248841286, 0.06274514645338058, 0.01766345277428627, -0.009258804842829704, 0.026116762310266495, 0.034385450184345245, -0.029514934867620468, 0.000726971251424402, 0.002700559562072158, -0.0011445763520896435, 0.005957284476608038, -0.01619868353009224, 0.07112612575292587, 0.0210613701492548, 0.015146934427320957, -0.04030336067080498, 0.039086032658815384, -0.017024431377649307, -0.026039427146315575, -0.007845521904528141, 0.024436015635728836, 0.0022400247398763895, 0.011779982596635818, 0.05036679282784462, 0.0374649353325367, 0.08182597905397415, -0.014542335644364357, -0.027561968192458153, -0.006077027879655361, 0.008446856401860714, 0.015362746082246304, -0.019730325788259506, -0.021959582343697548, 0.01130787655711174, 0.06575116515159607, -0.0005925832083448768, -0.018738802522420883, -0.04216939955949783, -0.007524082437157631, -0.06778836995363235, -0.03697583079338074, -0.07047014683485031, 0.04962529242038727, 0.006146472878754139, 0.03466615825891495, 0.00872641522437334, 0.005513744428753853, 0.02617844007909298, 0.008044146932661533, -0.0850415751338005, 0.01038478035479784, -0.05142795294523239, -0.02597418799996376, 0.012884982861578465, -0.0220656618475914, 0.04477977752685547, -0.041473500430583954, -0.01571873016655445, -0.02049223706126213, 0.038344740867614746, -0.07373137772083282, -0.005497816018760204, 0.015001552179455757, 0.005670757498592138, 0.016630245372653008, 0.007769853342324495, -0.0002219731395598501, 0.014930648729205132, 0.03835663944482803, 0.054790399968624115, 0.02035217545926571, 0.02263524755835533, 0.01064511388540268, 0.02446925826370716, -0.028993118554353714, 0.02408703789114952, 0.011011406779289246, 0.011983886361122131, -0.01809125579893589, 0.01227547973394394, 0.006525739096105099, 0.03508557751774788, 0.001344180665910244, -0.0512055903673172, 0.01739262044429779, -0.03853321447968483, -0.006755746901035309, -0.01063534151762724, 0.021363217383623123, -0.011662264354526997, 0.04489511623978615, 0.005552461836487055, 0.018762893974781036, -0.05276544764637947, -0.008966500870883465, 0.0545995868742466, -0.030681176111102104, -0.026600182056427002, 0.0023011357989162207, -0.021342622116208076, -0.01440703310072422, -0.025900354608893394, -0.018137207254767418, 0.02378782071173191, -0.0067548141814768314, 0.00628321198746562, 0.008176149800419807, -0.013576342724263668, -0.027699297294020653, -0.020327748730778694, 0.013613768853247166, 0.020396044477820396, 0.014829153195023537, 0.010516994632780552, 0.02052166685461998, 0.015238639898598194, -0.002392295515164733, 0.028012715280056, -0.01280612125992775, -0.052395060658454895, -0.0005003990372642875, 0.02771720662713051, 0.056729670614004135, -0.005978302098810673, 0.008016625419259071, -0.02354041300714016, -0.027514828369021416, 0.04165926203131676, -0.006203261204063892, 0.022308101877570152, -0.019395550712943077, 0.014165938831865788, -0.030573129653930664, -0.013385513797402382, -0.029331345111131668, 0.03082669898867607, -0.0029816627502441406, 0.03213447332382202, -0.000550045573618263, -0.019642239436507225, -0.03891340270638466, 0.010865679010748863, 0.005016858223825693, 0.057650864124298096, -0.06498983502388, 0.005305188708007336, -0.0002799842623062432, 0.03191361948847771, -0.033550892025232315, -0.05660225450992584, 0.006697542034089565, -0.00041493625030852854, -0.03359520807862282, -0.004471889231353998, -0.019213566556572914, -0.03892873600125313, 0.021236704662442207, 0.006070115137845278, -0.022674664855003357, 0.028325708582997322, -0.022665295749902725, 0.06405072659254074, 0.05243941396474838, 0.021331122145056725, 0.061152972280979156, 0.04194202646613121, -0.0019810725934803486, 0.04294518008828163, -0.02758331410586834, 0.026026323437690735, -0.05911523103713989, 0.009721224196255207, -0.021410182118415833, 0.018881605938076973, -0.03670045733451843, 0.03326090797781944, 0.03126141056418419, 0.006603441666811705, 0.03179492428898811, -0.015620171092450619, -0.05390574038028717, -0.01847647689282894, 0.03149616718292236, 0.01135585643351078, 0.0024073307868093252, 0.046901702880859375, 0.0029997292440384626, -0.021256906911730766, 0.02070271596312523, -0.005654471926391125, -0.006216499954462051, -0.0008042057161219418, -0.013031736947596073, 0.013289383612573147, -0.04946993291378021, -0.01276828907430172, 0.04299086332321167, 0.0022749113850295544, 0.05994308739900589, -0.0009178195032291114, 0.0010923746740445495, 0.012950027361512184, -0.03104786016047001, 0.014224670827388763, 0.019304918125271797, -0.007152198348194361, 0.06049647554755211, -0.05529985949397087, 0.03988732025027275, -0.038090065121650696, -0.029782205820083618, -0.054909300059080124, -0.0017236873973160982, 0.020396770909428596, 0.022041911259293556, -0.03564905747771263, -0.04317452758550644, -0.0029028672724962234, -0.002719267038628459, -0.02229897677898407, -0.022566772997379303, 0.025661103427410126, 0.005871698260307312, 0.0038640021812170744, 0.005612156353890896, 0.01794837787747383, 0.04335466027259827, 0.008661654777824879, -0.033054206520318985, 0.028596803545951843, -0.008885033428668976, -0.014020342379808426, -0.02145814523100853, 0.0027517303824424744, -0.0391993410885334, -0.010092743672430515, 0.011536862701177597, -0.01639237068593502, 0.04229321330785751, -0.03472236171364784, 0.023374589160084724, 0.016658952459692955, -0.003986725118011236, -0.0035189331974834204, 0.011471420526504517, -0.013020056299865246, -0.006045048590749502, 0.04201125353574753, -0.04089892655611038, 0.024950895458459854, -0.03339000418782234, -0.0017798244953155518, 0.03919263929128647, 0.018246890977025032, -0.00368417683057487, -0.008019998669624329, 0.023478906601667404, 0.01877015270292759, -0.02053593471646309, -0.007087621837854385, -0.00034055448486469686, 0.02979186363518238, -0.021759584546089172, 0.004263343755155802, 0.05174972116947174, 0.0202366653829813, -0.03130967915058136, -0.02772945910692215, -0.01662556268274784, -0.02950519323348999, 0.039575036615133286, -0.028630418702960014, 0.04262964427471161, 0.03870411962270737, 0.012522360309958458, -0.016899464651942253, -0.017801228910684586, -0.017350999638438225, 0.0017208518693223596, -0.010136960074305534, 0.02798912301659584, -0.02098940685391426, -0.028906693682074547, -0.008027760311961174, 0.007663816213607788, -0.014203662052750587, 0.022044295445084572, 0.009901167824864388, 0.008563610725104809, 0.0355377197265625, -0.012752645649015903, -0.04972190409898758, 0.053561486303806305, -0.06338673084974289, 0.01758095808327198, 0.01104691717773676, -0.001558836898766458, 0.05900178477168083, -0.00434122234582901, -0.004806350450962782, -0.04569713771343231, -0.03521911799907684, -0.013906097039580345, 0.009024009108543396, 0.024894801899790764, -0.015714572742581367, 0.026030411943793297, -0.04309225454926491, 0.002278784289956093, -0.01669670082628727, 0.00587820541113615, -0.018610646948218346, -0.07627485692501068, -0.0089917266741395, -0.01266078557819128, -0.061825722455978394, 0.008712826296687126, 0.025776101276278496, -0.011265108361840248, 0.008987855166196823, -0.03841366246342659, 0.05342104658484459, 0.049645375460386276, 0.029154200106859207, -0.0434594489634037, 0.0775436982512474, -0.002644319785758853, 0.05962706729769707, -0.04663773998618126, -0.004190819337964058, 0.13023707270622253, 0.06944949924945831, 0.03293529525399208, -0.06120586022734642, 0.00596274109557271, 0.020217502489686012, 0.03161478787660599, -0.03199024870991707, 0.010917854495346546, 0.012237117625772953, 0.0025363564491271973, 0.03130193427205086, 0.048618439584970474, -0.014130940660834312, -0.01812148280441761, 0.03444835543632507, -0.050146911293268204, -0.01979970745742321, 0.026556670665740967, 0.015197580680251122, 0.016522778198122978, 0.010585046373307705, -0.0822288766503334, -0.016101619228720665, 0.01626013033092022, 0.012282738462090492, -0.03042583167552948, -0.023708729073405266, 0.011145350523293018, -0.03823903203010559, -0.0006054409896023571, -0.006055911537259817, 0.03593441843986511, -0.017681239172816277, 0.038734547793865204, -0.002767253201454878, 0.027976486831903458, 0.017028311267495155, -0.0148008456453681, 0.010012486949563026, 0.04375486820936203, -0.0027263201773166656, 0.01991192065179348, 0.04202749580144882, -0.06542444229125977, -0.04450364038348198, -0.024331901222467422, 0.023128248751163483, -0.051683537662029266, 0.0023163354489952326, -0.006447690073400736, -0.013373023830354214, -0.01336415484547615, -0.019836805760860443, -0.03440696373581886, 0.030880527570843697, 0.027810681611299515, 0.021500620990991592, -0.04699923098087311, -0.020974645391106606, 0.035366374999284744, -0.011797642335295677, 0.04470863193273544, 0.006399063393473625, -0.026219351217150688, -0.006080546882003546, -0.00390339526347816, 0.027520768344402313, 0.020441245287656784, -0.02306174859404564, -0.034823376685380936, 0.0017008631257340312, -0.0527183897793293, -0.038355473428964615, -0.045072223991155624, -0.04225216433405876, 0.03310162574052811, 0.021454688161611557, 0.003927426412701607, 0.012295289896428585, 0.01897113397717476, 0.014435888268053532, -0.0007928091799840331, 0.00696007302030921, -0.04778299108147621, 0.021819572895765305, 0.02217169478535652, 0.020362500101327896, 0.013182338327169418, 0.0051628719083964825, 0.030492279678583145, 0.05313951149582863, 0.014908942393958569, -0.01691298373043537, -0.004534636624157429, 0.00142793043050915, -0.025943033397197723, 0.010223924182355404, 0.01553757768124342, 0.05729358270764351, 0.021964292973279953, 0.04093038663268089, 0.012993068434298038, 0.007449127268046141, -0.021509971469640732, -0.017260609194636345, -0.031179005280137062, -0.03215543553233147, -0.05353579297661781, 0.02752501145005226, 0.011763450689613819, 0.0025450240354985, -0.00968658085912466, 0.016739606857299805, -0.017199533060193062, 0.02729037031531334, -0.006202935706824064, -0.027739262208342552, -0.026501258835196495, -0.03000747226178646, 0.02547464706003666, 0.009888722561299801, -0.014977328479290009, -0.01549557875841856, 0.0075850700959563255, -0.0436086505651474, 0.02439059317111969, 0.005036652088165283, 0.024029623717069626, -0.004878101404756308, -0.01422206312417984, 0.03536804020404816, 0.05168391019105911, -0.016229087486863136, -0.019839664921164513, -0.005735000129789114, 0.000721038319170475, 0.045775968581438065, -0.037499841302633286, -0.05756867304444313, 0.07423532754182816, -0.01635848730802536, -0.05288730561733246, 0.051381226629018784, 0.0004388047382235527, 0.019189195707440376, 0.04463062062859535, -0.01728544943034649, -0.042507678270339966, 0.036168571561574936, 0.007777439430356026, 0.016206232830882072, 0.006970638409256935, 0.013852410949766636, 0.0355500690639019, 0.002864300040528178, -0.014173592440783978, 0.0012577710440382361, -0.014960408210754395, 0.01687946915626526, 0.0077812084928154945, -0.016656607389450073, 0.003440908621996641, 0.020712055265903473, 0.008069862611591816, 0.0369483083486557, -0.0002584992325864732, -0.019048603251576424, 0.029810670763254166, 0.03369748219847679, -0.009797041304409504, 0.030483439564704895, 0.007010434754192829, 0.001317485235631466, -0.04939021170139313, -0.0012309153098613024, 0.011532774195075035, 0.0039046816527843475, 0.027019262313842773, -0.05397411808371544, 0.018239755183458328, 0.015857091173529625, -0.06344033032655716, 0.004684772342443466, -0.018485641106963158, -0.038910187780857086, -0.037340857088565826, 0.047323331236839294, -0.06874395906925201, 0.04081140086054802, 0.05243874341249466, 0.042517367750406265, 0.02731633186340332, -0.012418759055435658, -0.027380114421248436, -0.012544743716716766, -0.02674071677029133, 0.009920320473611355, -0.002868044190108776, -0.016362428665161133, 0.021641762927174568, -0.034229062497615814, 0.003513387171551585, 0.02350364625453949, -0.020652182400226593, -0.010984349995851517, 0.006720681209117174, 0.03211425617337227, 0.03486176207661629, 0.015454643405973911, 0.006166723091155291, -0.022439653053879738, 0.012411322444677353, 0.008110884577035904, 0.025439975783228874, 0.02301265113055706, -0.035690344870090485, -0.025216255336999893, -0.00767139345407486, 0.006155362818390131, -0.011008042842149734, 0.01197376661002636, -0.04442918673157692, 0.006550576537847519, -0.009436714462935925, -0.006267417687922716, 0.004924824461340904, -0.04905799403786659, 0.03836672380566597, -0.04018399491906166, 0.01397622749209404, 0.004150919616222382, 0.00732020940631628, -0.053039055317640305, -0.018292708322405815, 0.0016801318852230906, -0.016903752461075783, 0.01845741830766201, 0.03873451426625252, 0.010712305083870888, -0.052918657660484314, -0.019972436130046844, 0.0077529894188046455, 0.01903429627418518, 0.025768937543034554, -0.03899981826543808, -0.05773220211267471, 0.07109329104423523, -0.01880749687552452, 0.0291451346129179, 0.01951093226671219, -0.02017621509730816, -0.024643676355481148, -0.11564942449331284, 0.04296083375811577, 0.036591921001672745, 0.05226879194378853, -0.06618935614824295, -0.011397498659789562, -0.023107226938009262, 0.018218662589788437, 0.07852592319250107, -0.0027616519946604967, 0.013519682921469212, -0.01749666966497898, 0.032774604856967926, 0.05174710229039192, 0.004991738125681877, -0.004607772454619408, -0.06082193925976753, -0.04270201176404953, -0.0265527181327343, -0.030533431097865105, 0.01332858856767416, -0.03316342458128929, 0.018488101661205292, -0.03699381649494171, -0.0352005697786808, -0.026574762538075447, 0.0011995438253507018, 0.05000520125031471, 0.025223806500434875, -0.03861382603645325, 0.01836506277322769, -0.011413982138037682, 0.037348296493291855, 0.01818661205470562, 0.020196838304400444, -0.04572458565235138, 0.02335527539253235, 0.011312280781567097, -0.04964277520775795, 0.0033934747334569693, 0.025078797712922096, 0.027575675398111343, -0.036691393703222275, -0.03711074963212013, 0.019748859107494354, -0.023032087832689285, 0.01806347817182541, 0.06246423348784447, -0.0300177950412035, 0.06468383222818375, -0.005634334869682789, 0.03140391781926155, 0.009829170070588589, -0.01336685661226511, -0.012416020967066288, 0.003619048511609435, 0.04415174573659897, -0.007874268107116222, -0.01486037578433752, 0.003090193262323737, -0.03817218542098999, 0.0471513457596302, 0.009138187393546104, 0.020408734679222107, -0.017278948798775673, -0.04286106675863266, -0.008781797252595425, -0.024614816531538963, 0.0011001615785062313, 0.011265899986028671, 0.0007880636258050799, 0.06845216453075409, -0.01741914451122284, 0.018308604136109352, -0.048920802772045135, -0.023964835330843925, -0.04024137929081917, 0.0004440807970240712, 0.005953882355242968, 0.034133944660425186, 0.02691342495381832, -0.020811429247260094, -0.007805518340319395, -0.009361033327877522, 0.047473493963479996, -0.04938012361526489, 0.0237810667604208, -0.020153244957327843, 0.013278918340802193, -0.0076063210144639015, -0.030497878789901733, -0.03787773475050926, -0.024169087409973145, 0.017116112634539604, 0.021484456956386566, 0.03466823324561119, 0.011247580870985985, -0.04249653220176697, 0.011697794310748577, 0.06653174757957458, -0.037484366446733475, 0.012435007840394974, -0.09060962498188019, 0.033097390085458755, -0.0009775364305824041, -0.04841170459985733 ]
<p>In section 6.2, in the second paragraph of p. 335 (image below) of <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DG-6QgAACAAJ&amp;dq=9780131464131&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=bBfiT8WtJqbs2QXXv527Cw&amp;ved=0CEIQ6AEwAA" rel="nofollow">"Probability and statistical inference 7e" by Hogg and Tanis</a> states: </p> <blockquote> <p>perhaps it is known that $f(x;\Theta)=(1/\Theta)e^{x/\Theta}$</p> </blockquote> <p>where $x$ is data and $\Theta$ is a parameter.</p> <p>What does "$;$" mean in this context, as opposed to "$,$" or "$|$", all three are used in different ways in the same textbook ("," and ";" are used on the same page, $|$ in the standard statement of Bayes' Theorem)?</p> <p>I think I understand "$,$" and "$|$" and I read $f(x,\Theta)$ as "function of data and parameters" and $f(x|\Theta)$ as "function of the data given parameters". </p> <p>Here is a scan of the page for more context:</p> <p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/poU4m.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></p>
49,858
[ 0.02517145499587059, -0.027735119685530663, 0.00914243794977665, -0.025973018258810043, 0.0051232511177659035, 0.02807185985147953, -0.025893213227391243, -0.006497537717223167, 0.006896789185702801, -0.025397414341568947, 0.04144047945737839, 0.043177444487810135, 0.07814846187829971, -0.03224976733326912, 0.04377695173025131, 0.027759114280343056, -0.025440437719225883, 0.012382427230477333, -0.034572891891002655, 0.01097982469946146, 0.0051750075072050095, 0.02080283686518669, 0.024676498025655746, -0.012143784202635288, 0.003064556512981653, 0.01328266877681017, 0.02651079371571541, 0.008854926563799381, 0.012587828561663628, 0.07309919595718384, -0.031111663207411766, -0.07244905084371567, -0.015569476410746574, 0.02845374308526516, -0.02513189986348152, -0.044626958668231964, -0.023052768781781197, -0.032000623643398285, -0.0013569006696343422, 0.04357116296887398, -0.05657515674829483, -0.016330966725945473, -0.006852258928120136, 0.041947368532419205, -0.041847310960292816, 0.0013837768929079175, -0.00924209039658308, -0.030802151188254356, -0.005496211349964142, -0.03541994467377663, 0.09143181890249252, -0.009380664676427841, 0.04096764698624611, 0.04204714298248291, -0.000555708771571517, 0.015011133626103401, 0.04292196407914162, 0.040016282349824905, -0.024480318650603294, -0.08180486410856247, -0.0026906628627330065, -0.03635704144835472, -0.004165088292211294, 0.008533894084393978, -0.037272874265909195, 0.014984517358243465, -0.007822050713002682, -0.04181046783924103, 0.01949332281947136, 0.022509979084134102, 0.032371290028095245, 0.03108026646077633, 0.04330145940184593, 0.0032505658455193043, -0.0007835626602172852, -0.0037934286519885063, 0.015340281650424004, 0.022172054275870323, 0.0523415170609951, 0.03039613924920559, -0.0014414075994864106, -0.006375017575919628, -0.027473606169223785, 0.036254413425922394, -0.008772059343755245, -0.022844048216938972, 0.08149341493844986, -0.021116355434060097, 0.03717317432165146, -0.032868098467588425, -0.019701188430190086, 0.02414746768772602, 0.03665463998913765, -0.0155143141746521, -0.050943613052368164, 0.05334359034895897, -0.018000712618231773, 0.032502759248018265, -0.011792214587330818, -0.01906081847846508, 0.02118685096502304, -0.052802786231040955, 0.013586986809968948, 0.02147282473742962, -0.03188442438840866, -0.01220160536468029, 0.01187717355787754, 0.02394021861255169, -0.02249089442193508, -0.03403673693537712, -0.029173575341701508, 0.027555057778954506, 0.014262397773563862, 0.010092499665915966, -0.005219385959208012, -0.0070104519836604595, 0.02696150913834572, -0.017988288775086403, 0.05107426643371582, 0.057079631835222244, 0.06545110791921616, -0.017449330538511276, 0.04164454713463783, -0.031402818858623505, -0.07347690314054489, 0.010003319010138512, 0.008415604941546917, 0.0027801133692264557, -0.03642236068844795, 0.054953910410404205, -0.02310197986662388, -0.01284308172762394, 0.05595817044377327, 0.05789809674024582, 0.013230943121016026, 0.026630006730556488, -0.09730057418346405, -0.02384721301496029, 0.03686090186238289, -0.0034941378980875015, 0.002581480424851179, -0.06191755458712578, 0.015150660648941994, 0.05549103394150734, -0.013356051407754421, -0.029048679396510124, 0.00950361043214798, -0.010765076614916325, 0.02363879792392254, 0.016912860795855522, -0.0251212976872921, -0.0008919885731302202, -0.0031570845749229193, -0.03352799266576767, -0.029111040756106377, -0.050659168511629105, 0.023464318364858627, 0.02012713812291622, -0.02607087604701519, -0.034578755497932434, 0.06306389719247818, -0.01770910993218422, -0.009740151464939117, -0.025885211303830147, 0.003147855866700411, -0.00439706165343523, 0.04414111375808716, 0.00874245073646307, 0.0073660253547132015, 0.04568525031208992, 0.00026430259458720684, 0.027849480509757996, 0.018623176962137222, 0.042237427085638046, 0.05320633947849274, -0.0537872314453125, -0.02741236425936222, -0.043896786868572235, 0.02521924488246441, -0.008788001723587513, -0.025686917826533318, -0.011188358999788761, -0.004813992418348789, 0.0013325109612196684, 0.0010505098616704345, 0.0548156276345253, 0.0021616313606500626, -0.029178934171795845, 0.028213342651724815, -0.05178790166974068, -0.02620634436607361, -0.05749242752790451, -0.0007550758891738951, -0.050487220287323, -0.03690751641988754, 0.05813123285770416, -0.034986112266778946, -0.011986886151134968, -0.031285908073186874, -0.007824582047760487, -0.005370281171053648, 0.004106435459107161, 0.03264123573899269, -0.021205168217420578, 0.016976257786154747, 0.08494125306606293, 0.031741272658109665, 0.054346367716789246, -0.0005970866768620908, -0.04765244945883751, -0.02540840581059456, 0.01712445728480816, -0.019108258187770844, 0.04045066237449646, -0.0015187007375061512, -0.005893952678889036, 0.03699648752808571, 0.0012999698519706726, -0.024396564811468124, 0.0036830215249210596, -0.07293297350406647, 0.03952907770872116, 0.05790706351399422, -0.006891630589962006, -0.0037078745663166046, 0.02197062410414219, 0.004372687544673681, 0.02987191267311573, 0.0016761741135269403, -0.013714923523366451, -0.05065609887242317, 0.02527022175490856, 0.01809641346335411, -0.0267389714717865, -0.02919931896030903, 0.04482382908463478, 0.05587952211499214, 0.00606268597766757, 0.0016065314412117004, 0.01679437793791294, -0.004064229317009449, -0.009796268306672573, 0.0070178695023059845, 0.025458939373493195, -0.00007096550689311698, 0.012924986891448498, -0.012593027204275131, 0.0011258602607995272, 0.03906974568963051, 0.01821170188486576, 0.006313328165560961, 0.05295455455780029, -0.018594691529870033, -0.0005612585227936506, -0.054460469633340836, 0.03974247723817825, 0.02929217740893364, -0.040043994784355164, -0.001136231585405767, -0.007876574993133545, 0.009943995624780655, -0.04406574368476868, 0.008948598988354206, -0.03087177313864231, -0.007633569650352001, 0.0021177027374505997, -0.0455140694975853, 0.008174006827175617, 0.011354933492839336, -0.039329443126916885, 0.0033323802053928375, -0.03199371322989464, -0.051696501672267914, -0.04305388405919075, -0.007749986369162798, 0.03655128553509712, 0.016576919704675674, 0.048434123396873474, -0.06242940202355385, -0.04549386724829674, -0.03494347631931305, -0.008708451874554157, 0.0015597656602039933, 0.0038870861753821373, -0.053072791546583176, 0.004494043067097664, -0.05006194859743118, -0.015740858390927315, 0.01916782185435295, -0.02919546142220497, -0.012797662056982517, -0.02228456363081932, -0.036437664180994034, -0.03295223414897919, -0.01936698704957962, -0.025287307798862457, -0.0014281428884714842, -0.02807539328932762, -0.023713693022727966, 0.04762720689177513, -0.011774377897381783, 0.040977396070957184, 0.015820730477571487, -0.03761610388755798, -0.0045563699677586555, -0.014009765349328518, 0.005029262974858284, -0.016728540882468224, -0.001662722323089838, 0.052296627312898636, 0.019834542647004128, -0.006070898845791817, -0.0031031339894980192, -0.07276732474565506, -0.06894630938768387, 0.002383670536801219, 0.023061634972691536, 0.0020790717098861933, 0.0013899496989324689, -0.046418819576501846, 0.08623876422643661, 0.02911144122481346, -0.05196109786629677, -0.016690270975232124, 0.03405214101076126, -0.047922201454639435, -0.02827460877597332, -0.02428007498383522, 0.020633824169635773, -0.0011906742583960295, 0.0070933508686721325, 0.011676187627017498, -0.0027120201848447323, 0.04421413317322731, 0.0008656815043650568, 0.015855949372053146, 0.027673471719026566, 0.016699468716979027, -0.024468546733260155, 0.0718083307147026, 0.037657592445611954, -0.008322167210280895, 0.018957246094942093, -0.022163067013025284, 0.018072808161377907, -0.010775977745652199, -0.026225317269563675, 0.031078189611434937, 0.015842696651816368, 0.008159082382917404, -0.027465635910630226, 0.05836610496044159, 0.016843212768435478, -0.013885889202356339, 0.041846610605716705, 0.012089502066373825, 0.00944563653320074, -0.04493856802582741, -0.011153812520205975, 0.0006493207183666527, 0.04059228673577309, -0.056697264313697815, -0.03151844069361687, -0.015976427122950554, -0.00010739805293269455, 0.04134036973118782, -0.014929413795471191, -0.06263012439012527, 0.043344348669052124, 0.005706130061298609, 0.02657041698694229, 0.011548008769750595, -0.01648847758769989, -0.022770794108510017, -0.0463683120906353, 0.023266052827239037, -0.011131786741316319, 0.004378112964332104, 0.012510511092841625, 0.05554143711924553, 0.020165201276540756, -0.01035304181277752, -0.026974299922585487, 0.02521112933754921, -0.08068240433931351, 0.0017578901024535298, 0.002641421277076006, -0.023134658113121986, 0.00873838271945715, -0.0020698460284620523, 0.04723910614848137, -0.03127838671207428, 0.03387845307588577, -0.0063173044472932816, 0.009831800125539303, -0.04252235218882561, 0.014074135571718216, -0.02886938489973545, 0.008344794623553753, -0.02399897202849388, 0.032260216772556305, 0.02187047153711319, -0.025548262521624565, -0.009470301680266857, 0.049980681389570236, -0.04023493453860283, -0.0033824979327619076, 0.01559904869645834, 0.008486561477184296, 0.021632343530654907, 0.02033625729382038, 0.015323187224566936, 0.05490852892398834, 0.010116777382791042, 0.028856927528977394, 0.004951258655637503, 0.0892024040222168, 0.07469834387302399, -0.025048187002539635, -0.011812988668680191, -0.024665452539920807, -0.014426152221858501, -0.003208083799108863, 0.044698119163513184, 0.002091074362397194, 0.001979794353246689, 0.0955420583486557, -0.0038343698251992464, -0.015546350739896297, 0.03140614181756973, 0.06026294827461243, 0.024908944964408875, -0.014634747058153152, -0.028265399858355522, 0.027780957520008087, -0.022560080513358116, -0.016965104267001152, 0.017164502292871475, 0.005316430702805519, -0.02235001139342785, 0.02282007411122322, 0.0317000187933445, -0.02986832521855831, 0.012756355106830597, 0.0008412958704866469, 0.01772153191268444, 0.017023416236042976, 0.0070089115761220455, -0.039760008454322815, 0.03857101872563362, 0.05767300724983215, 0.046941015869379044, 0.020111683756113052, -0.012868475168943405, -0.060061659663915634, -0.0004767140781041235, 0.04593246802687645, 0.033905621618032455, -0.02702883630990982, 0.008320157416164875, -0.050519853830337524, -0.012526844628155231, 0.012653986923396587, -0.024922819808125496, 0.035092342644929886, -0.02108161896467209, -0.02647850662469864, -0.030941279605031013, -0.04166705161333084, -0.006074609234929085, 0.007265801075845957, -0.01937977969646454, 0.013652740977704525, -0.017771262675523758, -0.009784308262169361, -0.007165126968175173, -0.010918768122792244, -0.013890587724745274, 0.050497446209192276, -0.012845778837800026, -0.015871340408921242, 0.002166503109037876, 0.014638415537774563, -0.014864585362374783, -0.0762055292725563, 0.0242942925542593, -0.006718385498970747, 0.02963918261229992, 0.047257307916879654, -0.03540399670600891, -0.043472133576869965, 0.007060556206852198, 0.020565560087561607, -0.02518479712307453, 0.009685682132840157, -0.028321705758571625, 0.02734382450580597, 0.031320005655288696, 0.011227117851376534, 0.05403245985507965, -0.01673389971256256, 0.011751660145819187, 0.005032720975577831, -0.04554862529039383, 0.01284279115498066, -0.022537831217050552, 0.005885360296815634, -0.046312715858221054, 0.030412208288908005, -0.02923271432518959, 0.03231536224484444, 0.01092803105711937, 0.007888773456215858, -0.049837876111269, -0.010225191712379456, 0.003881820710375905, 0.04388229176402092, 0.0062932828441262245, 0.043433304876089096, -0.02681366726756096, 0.059111692011356354, -0.015116876922547817, 0.0002627658541314304, 0.056572623550891876, -0.07032044231891632, 0.02968103438615799, 0.0025649068411439657, -0.04625817388296127, 0.036672528833150864, -0.057516831904649734, -0.008886793628334999, 0.07801440358161926, -0.03337102383375168, 0.0813278779387474, -0.01905726082623005, 0.03559235855937004, 0.012145786546170712, -0.03737752139568329, -0.05736100673675537, -0.00786594208329916, 0.00172597193159163, 0.05160285159945488, -0.05297799035906792, 0.02825290709733963, -0.00035115901846438646, 0.02407393790781498, -0.04347296804189682, -0.020369457080960274, -0.00044298451393842697, 0.016595451161265373, -0.05804261937737465, 0.00009336527728009969, -0.00031294338987208903, -0.03072241321206093, -0.02800942212343216, -0.03414887562394142, 0.020611220970749855, -0.017736582085490227, -0.0280624907463789, -0.013179611414670944, 0.03356413170695305, 0.05306774005293846, 0.026091059669852257, 0.005874448921531439, 0.01203808095306158, 0.0039020515978336334, 0.0142434723675251, 0.01296317484229803, 0.01877436228096485, -0.03547012060880661, 0.007783341687172651, -0.026005789637565613, 0.02433711104094982, 0.029600810259580612, -0.04167310521006584, -0.014314861968159676, 0.010996734723448753, 0.003930426202714443, 0.02034255675971508, 0.03068017028272152, 0.01585480384528637, -0.017422767356038094, 0.02228105254471302, 0.002619011327624321, 0.0064078751020133495, -0.0009529543458484113, -0.022895842790603638, 0.04321224242448807, -0.029810171574354172, -0.01999448984861374, 0.037527941167354584, 0.10999830812215805, -0.007115251384675503, 0.02733459696173668, 0.009712169878184795, 0.015428879298269749, 0.039007578045129776, 0.007012898568063974, 0.014421988278627396, 0.015590681694447994, -0.010082008317112923, -0.031646110117435455, -0.009903887286782265, -0.0702425092458725, -0.028562994673848152, 0.04879442974925041, -0.028509126976132393, 0.023478791117668152, 0.03854503110051155, -0.022459914907813072, 0.01279163733124733, -0.051219671964645386, -0.01807188242673874, -0.02348041906952858, 0.01217045821249485, 0.03746721148490906, 0.002973757917061448, -0.014380477368831635, 0.06116505339741707, 0.009629400447010994, -0.006061428226530552, 0.007958210073411465, 0.004164509009569883, 0.03010830096900463, 0.013767498545348644, -0.030318738892674446, -0.03582438454031944, 0.0362362265586853, -0.040902625769376755, 0.029445022344589233, -0.010950358584523201, -0.05176582932472229, 0.060432787984609604, 0.025791943073272705, -0.022769033908843994, -0.050115905702114105, -0.011900704354047775, -0.05599009990692139, 0.024748003110289574, 0.02587960660457611, -0.005454385187476873, 0.0025827374774962664, -0.015215358696877956, 0.009509398601949215, 0.004653719253838062, 0.03251650556921959, 0.008735716342926025, -0.04649268090724945, -0.04889414459466934, -0.021964063867926598, -0.04869777336716652, 0.03360419720411301, -0.03310762718319893, 0.005046839360147715, 0.011674520559608936, -0.03478538990020752, 0.04700553044676781, 0.04561538249254227, 0.037420015782117844, -0.038401927798986435, 0.09151335805654526, -0.009645000100135803, -0.01457005925476551, -0.029556844383478165, -0.013007475063204765, 0.10179769992828369, 0.03965982794761658, 0.03043857216835022, -0.05089211463928223, 0.01416859868913889, 0.010360601358115673, 0.015415463596582413, -0.014852184802293777, 0.0033003624994307756, 0.04211908578872681, 0.034924961626529694, 0.029020149260759354, 0.048236604779958725, -0.0031274163629859686, -0.0036828056909143925, 0.05636930838227272, -0.05323326587677002, -0.0691208690404892, -0.004846574272960424, -0.0002139083226211369, -0.005637389607727528, 0.003864509053528309, -0.037314534187316895, -0.02363838627934456, 0.023983392864465714, -0.004609639756381512, 0.009879471734166145, -0.0276873167604208, -0.013278898783028126, 0.024240367114543915, -0.01022747065871954, -0.03549030423164368, -0.016887882724404335, 0.01774919405579567, -0.02936270460486412, -0.008492468856275082, -0.003742032451555133, -0.0035474207252264023, -0.0005762797081843019, 0.04437526315450668, -0.021016519516706467, -0.010114333592355251, 0.0014371899887919426, 0.00964012835174799, -0.034201499074697495, -0.03378007560968399, 0.0014500279212370515, 0.029496291652321815, -0.016558349132537842, -0.022213540971279144, -0.024511178955435753, 0.015291023068130016, -0.018205707892775536, -0.051998071372509, 0.0012533522676676512, 0.01058348547667265, -0.0047918460331857204, -0.0467793270945549, -0.014810463413596153, -0.039170484989881516, -0.006342332810163498, 0.017942482605576515, 0.03766369819641113, 0.02321392297744751, -0.014484905637800694, 0.003092940663918853, -0.03138189762830734, 0.014465323649346828, -0.008819056674838066, 0.027767397463321686, -0.018202044069767, -0.02724529057741165, -0.02533886581659317, -0.0180661641061306, 0.030315157026052475, 0.005789319984614849, 0.03513792157173157, -0.006105279549956322, 0.005990012548863888, 0.014474735595285892, -0.03173501417040825, 0.013890419155359268, -0.0193683709949255, -0.015628570690751076, -0.014480886049568653, 0.017262522131204605, 0.023882674053311348, 0.024337438866496086, 0.014396369457244873, -0.01616193726658821, 0.02181568183004856, 0.030239107087254524, 0.007217079401016235, -0.05950600653886795, -0.037593718618154526, 0.025528213009238243, -0.01568235456943512, -0.013026895001530647, 0.01356124971061945, 0.06547250598669052, 0.02588641829788685, 0.0512433759868145, -0.026665808632969856, 0.03134898096323013, 0.006745585706084967, 0.027472417801618576, -0.014522770419716835, -0.041427042335271835, 0.029905330389738083, 0.009986678138375282, 0.01756187714636326, -0.02134624309837818, -0.01646893285214901, -0.01833844929933548, 0.018984990194439888, 0.028261248022317886, -0.016739970073103905, -0.0486922487616539, 0.0038978010416030884, 0.015913160517811775, -0.00831345934420824, 0.007659613620489836, 0.029541457071900368, -0.008630880154669285, -0.013812115415930748, -0.0007328868960030377, -0.030331356450915337, -0.023410597816109657, 0.018358943983912468, -0.03207957744598389, -0.04748854041099548, 0.018899401649832726, 0.007445023860782385, 0.026558849960565567, -0.021893201395869255, 0.02715882658958435, 0.01031614001840353, 0.05726899579167366, -0.02096707373857498, -0.041469793766736984, 0.01463632844388485, -0.026248222216963768, -0.030087633058428764, 0.04231134429574013, 0.04371935501694679, 0.02525622397661209, 0.0367693230509758, 0.0048387618735432625, -0.014033022336661816, 0.021716780960559845, -0.026861850172281265, -0.01596241071820259, 0.0016065082745626569, -0.0008836534689180553, -0.01627804897725582, -0.024100329726934433, -0.005788472481071949, 0.00001827859705372248, 0.05501633509993553, 0.020933477208018303, 0.027847599238157272, 0.031168580055236816, -0.043804049491882324, 0.03081202320754528, 0.039999790489673615, 0.05265691503882408, 0.010594303719699383, 0.005559080746024847, 0.03388882055878639, 0.040494829416275024, -0.013438393361866474, 0.04162074625492096, 0.005581995937973261, 0.017100797966122627, -0.09484643489122391, -0.019285818561911583, 0.04333781823515892, 0.004887894261628389, 0.03605777770280838, -0.0738045945763588, -0.03235914930701256, 0.023050734773278236, -0.03766954690217972, -0.004411841277033091, -0.01139230839908123, 0.005112275946885347, -0.03550209477543831, 0.026883956044912338, 0.013093519024550915, 0.0491979755461216, 0.05027657747268677, 0.011850956827402115, 0.01999768428504467, -0.02814916893839836, 0.008827733807265759, -0.03575996309518814, -0.011310242116451263, 0.04895249009132385, 0.02211000584065914, -0.014965812675654888, 0.06829871237277985, -0.03684387356042862, -0.04521879926323891, 0.03644591569900513, 0.05787989869713783, 0.013228247873485088, 0.0030453435610979795, 0.01331111416220665, 0.009953140281140804, 0.02307567186653614, 0.051266878843307495, -0.011977335438132286, -0.016633417457342148, -0.025130968540906906, 0.0011446867138147354, 0.02626379020512104, 0.005595643073320389, -0.028199506923556328, 0.020093178376555443, -0.051226865500211716, -0.05523142218589783, 0.016783537343144417, -0.010186959058046341, 0.0006022588349878788, 0.022347694262862206, -0.024965085089206696, -0.004311928991228342, -0.03753715381026268, 0.03354698792099953, -0.05851941183209419, -0.008559736423194408, 0.02077295444905758, -0.007391467224806547, 0.023461364209651947, 0.04290583357214928, 0.0012006519827991724, -0.043101076036691666, -0.0015964140184223652, 0.025366993620991707, -0.001108292955905199, -0.04878578335046768, 0.04743785783648491, -0.012712942436337471, -0.0028864010237157345, -0.01671331562101841, -0.006718071643263102, -0.0341360941529274, -0.0048354449681937695, -0.035565827041864395, -0.034593865275382996, -0.016543477773666382, -0.002123650163412094, -0.015138235874474049, -0.0883059948682785, 0.04796089604496956, 0.017946448177099228, -0.026557959616184235, -0.034247986972332, 0.009345296770334244, -0.03946326673030853, 0.01682193949818611, 0.013883791863918304, -0.0015243705129250884, -0.014015995897352695, -0.0016525456449016929, 0.023314032703638077, 0.008075284771621227, -0.06688707321882248, 0.014012733474373817, -0.027817562222480774, 0.018788885325193405, -0.022628312930464745, -0.018795223906636238, -0.00019505151431076229, 0.01943437196314335, 0.009295991621911526, -0.002786007011309266, 0.03308906406164169, -0.0007302592857740819, -0.024875817820429802, 0.01924590952694416, 0.01357268076390028, -0.008065531961619854, 0.05158534646034241, -0.01796698197722435, 0.0058864401653409, -0.0002656302822288126, -0.018302656710147858, -0.05183123052120209, 0.05524852126836777, -0.03817913308739662, -0.040937334299087524, 0.025376902893185616, 0.0011172604281455278, 0.0365285649895668, -0.034312088042497635, -0.017015365883708, 0.019326675683259964, -0.029035493731498718, -0.007363185752183199, 0.041092172265052795, 0.030920593068003654, 0.053635384887456894, -0.0012238139752298594, -0.003592618741095066, 0.0018688623094931245, -0.03452746197581291, -0.003246947890147567, 0.009632857516407967, 0.04911956936120987, 0.011600733734667301, -0.004104126710444689, 0.02633768506348133, 0.011527211405336857, 0.019909506663680077, 0.01762663759291172, 0.06391604244709015, -0.024764779955148697, -0.046422190964221954, -0.01220963429659605, -0.006188802421092987, -0.03387891873717308, 0.007601345889270306, 0.012404399923980236, 0.07405827939510345, 0.003028656356036663, 0.010279929265379906, -0.008683372288942337, 0.015741245821118355, -0.04902990907430649, 0.012122555635869503, 0.03527109697461128, 0.0014770478010177612, -0.034633975476026535, -0.009706651791930199, -0.022946683689951897, 0.0003510849201120436, -0.017686916515231133, -0.01313783973455429, -0.02747488208115101, 0.018334761261940002, -0.01520715095102787, -0.035005442798137665, -0.011899879202246666, -0.009601205587387085, 0.003503626212477684, 0.009267314337193966, 0.026223331689834595, 0.012907159514725208, -0.025345945730805397, -0.011281871236860752, -0.004932799376547337, 0.07556887716054916, -0.045832131057977676, -0.00541306845843792, -0.015251330099999905, 0.001133470912463963, 0.012194164097309113, -0.0456903837621212 ]
<p>I have been reading a lot about Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) lately. I am very surprised that there is no literature at all on the application of DTW to irregular time series, or at least I could not find it.</p> <p>Could anybody give me a reference to something related to that issue, or maybe even an implementation of it?</p>
36,721
[ 0.016502227634191513, -0.04232819005846977, 0.006167102605104446, -0.014122473075985909, 0.055015191435813904, 0.019290320575237274, 0.00028975028544664383, -0.023157598450779915, 0.032599449157714844, -0.045504167675971985, 0.018206067383289337, 0.05023134499788284, 0.03675255551934242, 0.03088274598121643, -0.023330949246883392, -0.0397847518324852, -0.01983424462378025, 0.004556829575449228, -0.022207995876669884, -0.008867567405104637, 0.014491810463368893, 0.01979045569896698, 0.008864891715347767, 0.005236133933067322, 0.007163033355027437, 0.01946038380265236, 0.012391728349030018, -0.022308286279439926, -0.0053085265681147575, 0.06000663340091705, -0.03925623372197151, -0.0086079565808177, -0.016798751428723335, 0.0573296882212162, 0.022746698930859566, 0.00837675016373396, -0.05395502969622612, -0.03709576651453972, -0.0019073104485869408, 0.02848128043115139, -0.05143808200955391, -0.022124936804175377, -0.035906776785850525, 0.07169061154127121, -0.019810205325484276, 0.02992400713264942, -0.010999772697687149, -0.03233731538057327, 0.008467283099889755, -0.037645090371370316, 0.08657766133546829, -0.03165392205119133, 0.017998026683926582, -0.0016779471188783646, -0.013546024449169636, 0.01852390170097351, 0.06719278544187546, 0.03547309339046478, -0.006536351516842842, -0.026918794959783554, 0.006555110216140747, -0.026273123919963837, 0.016395092010498047, -0.016665179282426834, -0.018936917185783386, 0.007314124144613743, 0.00606464222073555, -0.020788943395018578, 0.024909814819693565, -0.047014977782964706, -0.006069567054510117, 0.002269400516524911, 0.04607892408967018, -0.02421797625720501, -0.0109105184674263, -0.014459249563515186, 0.008149535395205021, 0.01248095277696848, 0.031121529638767242, 0.023425675928592682, 0.03600380942225456, -0.007886277511715889, 0.01606815680861473, 0.03230039402842522, 0.02100946009159088, 0.008103041909635067, 0.05142848193645477, -0.032666102051734924, -0.009792185388505459, 0.043138161301612854, 0.01213120948523283, 0.015084455721080303, 0.03529583662748337, 0.007116546388715506, -0.03642439842224121, 0.011821012012660503, 0.006210054736584425, 0.021154019981622696, 0.00042793675675056875, -0.02704232931137085, -0.007403335068374872, -0.04000784829258919, -0.014214808121323586, 0.07599352300167084, -0.027530092746019363, -0.014893300831317902, -0.0282321497797966, 0.019740011543035507, -0.012436715885996819, -0.0059709930792450905, -0.04297866299748421, -0.01912977546453476, 0.008050997741520405, -0.017238229513168335, 0.013294445350766182, -0.0030991609673947096, -0.0400019995868206, 0.0003584793012123555, 0.00761756207793951, 0.12166840583086014, 0.045441508293151855, -0.049867793917655945, 0.03085862658917904, -0.037934403866529465, -0.027216317132115364, 0.029123591259121895, 0.04984055459499359, -0.037490375339984894, -0.028233231976628304, 0.040666259825229645, -0.007689297199249268, -0.04016924649477005, 0.060353122651576996, -0.019391976296901703, 0.04081615060567856, -0.02425730787217617, -0.05734582245349884, -0.048912279307842255, 0.03416962921619415, 0.014830976724624634, 0.002236609347164631, -0.042277660220861435, 0.008115637116134167, 0.009224651381373405, 0.05946978181600571, 0.03885488212108612, 0.053096480667591095, 0.016586534678936005, 0.0200129933655262, -0.00030474792583845556, -0.03253326937556267, -0.007760272361338139, 0.01221450325101614, -0.01190105639398098, 0.027293028309941292, -0.05496284365653992, 0.040381722152233124, 0.03715939447283745, -0.018466101959347725, -0.011669401079416275, 0.037122536450624466, 0.041012126952409744, -0.05099629610776901, 0.040391743183135986, 0.008648784831166267, -0.026402214542031288, 0.05393422022461891, -0.018327848985791206, -0.00002597272577986587, -0.008779244497418404, 0.012755382806062698, 0.013142439536750317, 0.06441061198711395, 0.050447769463062286, 0.04348616674542427, -0.014569632709026337, -0.01913510076701641, 0.03973891958594322, -0.01403558999300003, -0.028709473088383675, -0.00722499517723918, -0.042889051139354706, 0.01749010942876339, -0.02318376861512661, 0.0060716778971254826, 0.021213334053754807, -0.019472844898700714, 0.012780273333191872, 0.041086021810770035, -0.06587065011262894, -0.03604317083954811, -0.03262762352824211, 0.027756566181778908, -0.06635366380214691, 0.010844706557691097, 0.028463520109653473, -0.0002970436180476099, 0.0436956062912941, -0.011037456803023815, -0.03632970154285431, 0.0015923853497952223, -0.03839591145515442, 0.04119999706745148, -0.054436612874269485, -0.009921807795763016, 0.025548595935106277, -0.02198665961623192, -0.023203706368803978, 0.020657217130064964, -0.056316204369068146, -0.04570353403687477, -0.009125996381044388, -0.03262106701731682, 0.045969728380441666, -0.05004952475428581, 0.013508823700249195, 0.03038102202117443, -0.006534647196531296, -0.029757317155599594, -0.0016829974483698606, -0.007642026524990797, 0.03851502761244774, 0.04719798266887665, 0.01894356496632099, 0.014898757450282574, 0.028123192489147186, 0.05934031307697296, -0.015996484085917473, 0.00423322943970561, -0.03952046111226082, -0.03778398036956787, 0.0013317421544343233, 0.0770726203918457, 0.05611209198832512, -0.044409118592739105, 0.011757680214941502, 0.05661069601774216, 0.07939161360263824, 0.04114847630262375, 0.04184834659099579, 0.0003785074513871223, -0.019215177744627, -0.001913153100758791, 0.02349350042641163, 0.023107662796974182, -0.027195997536182404, 0.004798389505594969, 0.0002876330981962383, 0.03189185634255409, -0.0030664270743727684, -0.051204487681388855, 0.04170484468340874, 0.025717461481690407, 0.03261525183916092, 0.02438710257411003, -0.06234508380293846, 0.02619517594575882, -0.042958468198776245, -0.010621658526360989, 0.034733813256025314, 0.006979363039135933, 0.03535515442490578, 0.0036551125813275576, -0.021430090069770813, 0.04291524738073349, 0.013978488743305206, 0.00283560692332685, -0.0008053582860156894, 0.028440672904253006, -0.006622422952204943, 0.06495954841375351, -0.024018123745918274, -0.02094806171953678, -0.046482060104608536, 0.003426453098654747, 0.014849726110696793, 0.023729942739009857, 0.013774065300822258, 0.02042441815137863, -0.0126609206199646, 0.05809434875845909, -0.02279040962457657, -0.02607707493007183, 0.034358277916908264, -0.058903034776449203, 0.029612036421895027, 0.023039624094963074, -0.0058360169641673565, 0.007409440819174051, 0.011229145340621471, 0.008003558963537216, 0.0014417493948712945, -0.04152115806937218, -0.07187362015247345, -0.027432948350906372, -0.024348953738808632, 0.014202501624822617, -0.04720233380794525, -0.003869627835229039, 0.04585148021578789, 0.01684938557446003, -0.04031988978385925, 0.019625386223196983, -0.02333739772439003, -0.004375227726995945, -0.03048509731888771, -0.0035742982290685177, 0.007313523907214403, -0.04651957377791405, 0.0062193796038627625, 0.01255046483129263, -0.07670585811138153, 0.023279322311282158, -0.03638365492224693, -0.06947605311870575, 0.007159763015806675, 0.01931210421025753, 0.0691574364900589, 0.018498580902814865, -0.03404967114329338, 0.06627295166254044, 0.0025044160429388285, -0.026022519916296005, -0.031934551894664764, -0.015940533950924873, -0.02467634528875351, -0.03944901004433632, 0.019002186134457588, 0.005862342659384012, -0.04616610333323479, -0.007652088534086943, 0.00816643238067627, 0.01866099424660206, 0.06980931013822556, 0.04282836243510246, -0.04023369774222374, 0.023364391177892685, 0.015601559542119503, 0.05159977078437805, 0.012178189121186733, -0.006728528067469597, -0.04768799990415573, 0.005772585980594158, -0.00772077264264226, 0.010143967345356941, -0.00032156307133845985, -0.03186900541186333, -0.00915396399796009, -0.024281874299049377, -0.007837849669158459, -0.031000172719359398, -0.002146598882973194, 0.004489155486226082, -0.024440918117761612, -0.0663364976644516, 0.06347794085741043, 0.02214542217552662, -0.003789096837863326, -0.011618578806519508, 0.03449079766869545, -0.005429337732493877, 0.01690567098557949, -0.002185947261750698, -0.001469000126235187, -0.041394077241420746, 0.03598860278725624, -0.04708508774638176, -0.008880777284502983, 0.05627667158842087, 0.04350782930850983, 0.03760616108775139, 0.0076850843615829945, -0.047070786356925964, 0.023735973984003067, -0.06461657583713531, 0.005554938223212957, -0.020085718482732773, 0.0432799756526947, 0.009758977219462395, 0.046132925897836685, 0.022794712334871292, 0.010771787725389004, 0.028526851907372475, 0.0028609533328562975, -0.05403454601764679, 0.015227755531668663, -0.044434912502765656, -0.011868190951645374, 0.016679374501109123, -0.021607881411910057, 0.016789589077234268, -0.012596133165061474, -0.01961221918463707, -0.028223341330885887, 0.022296356037259102, -0.06268590688705444, 0.008423367515206337, 0.026244165375828743, -0.013104699552059174, -0.04410583898425102, 0.012499887496232986, 0.04654766246676445, -0.015370829962193966, 0.03332802280783653, 0.03190602362155914, -0.025313906371593475, -0.008425213396549225, -0.026579705998301506, 0.008175323717296124, 0.03092879056930542, 0.049224019050598145, 0.02566464990377426, -0.006325417198240757, -0.04284593090415001, 0.013552004471421242, 0.008023817092180252, 0.04005102068185806, 0.020009515807032585, -0.02073870785534382, -0.028097301721572876, -0.010667335242033005, -0.037039708346128464, 0.016876868903636932, 0.041544634848833084, 0.02189185842871666, 0.017360098659992218, 0.04737574979662895, 0.009449946694076061, -0.04600807651877403, 0.01846887916326523, 0.04473692923784256, -0.01879911683499813, -0.024298274889588356, -0.003226203378289938, -0.01596061885356903, 0.029232626780867577, -0.00294489529915154, -0.011942582204937935, -0.026185544207692146, 0.011954642832279205, 0.02412419021129608, 0.00829645711928606, -0.0281300637871027, 0.005327765364199877, -0.03139358386397362, 0.016180936247110367, 0.010000703856348991, 0.03778364509344101, -0.006400465499609709, 0.017065444961190224, 0.038718558847904205, 0.04391923174262047, 0.04657936096191406, -0.01171542052179575, -0.11789226531982422, 0.01120925135910511, 0.06811685115098953, 0.019347643479704857, 0.012327651493251324, -0.02550380676984787, -0.03957167640328407, -0.00939337257295847, 0.04091056063771248, -0.0076605589129030704, 0.029399588704109192, 0.00786509644240141, -0.01715075969696045, -0.027387749403715134, 0.0002751947904471308, 0.003308448940515518, 0.002150528831407428, -0.03672308847308159, 0.04646967723965645, -0.0011557230027392507, -0.03673134371638298, -0.06587044149637222, 0.026599004864692688, 0.021030811592936516, 0.022849084809422493, 0.008287964388728142, -0.011469329707324505, -0.01182200014591217, 0.030273690819740295, -0.03893450275063515, -0.053086742758750916, -0.005591831635683775, 0.03674113005399704, 0.008727575652301311, 0.03212790563702583, 0.008508925326168537, -0.013210982084274292, -0.01701175794005394, -0.03814327344298363, 0.020083729177713394, -0.03443530946969986, -0.020240845158696175, 0.023209160193800926, 0.03184114396572113, 0.0028044318314641714, 0.03879787400364876, 0.05127334222197533, 0.030657147988677025, -0.008205928839743137, 0.03974083438515663, 0.053627535700798035, -0.05138213559985161, 0.005049074534326792, -0.008058787323534489, -0.014606572687625885, -0.014864664524793625, 0.022095007821917534, -0.013502427376806736, 0.0526706725358963, -0.01330354530364275, -0.013849803246557713, -0.016749104484915733, 0.05920968949794769, -0.010112022049725056, -0.032861799001693726, 0.006193623878061771, 0.039632853120565414, -0.0335734523832798, -0.024708732962608337, 0.02112187072634697, -0.006901563610881567, -0.004044469445943832, 0.04210982099175453, -0.016167690977454185, 0.010792404413223267, -0.025045067071914673, -0.016164934262633324, 0.042655784636735916, 0.012600312009453773, 0.03568108752369881, -0.03126398101449013, 0.010852840729057789, 0.013033498078584671, -0.03599684685468674, 0.017110731452703476, 0.017568737268447876, -0.03674578294157982, 0.053004514425992966, -0.055264998227357864, 0.013120319694280624, -0.028890125453472137, 0.008050658740103245, -0.07574792206287384, -0.06443411856889725, 0.07546481490135193, -0.006400108803063631, -0.02471849136054516, -0.02373994141817093, 0.005946699529886246, -0.018908826634287834, -0.008233172819018364, -0.003136357059702277, 0.05957620590925217, -0.003424718976020813, -0.013162204995751381, 0.009808930568397045, 0.004022602923214436, 0.10587472468614578, 0.012854689732193947, 0.022713536396622658, 0.021829335018992424, -0.014596929773688316, -0.03283100575208664, -0.024929553270339966, 0.045367684215307236, -0.055639322847127914, 0.009182515554130077, -0.016494490206241608, 0.016006212681531906, 0.01713031902909279, -0.046823132783174515, -0.014648311771452427, 0.03670297563076019, 0.023853011429309845, 0.03321196511387825, -0.06340059638023376, 0.0252450592815876, -0.023840460926294327, 0.000554557831492275, -0.03814167156815529, -0.012256222777068615, 0.0008849216974340379, -0.013435818254947662, -0.00822494551539421, 0.0029041592497378588, -0.005442729219794273, 0.02873111516237259, -0.007585429586470127, -0.00992802157998085, -0.021497244015336037, 0.018557310104370117, -0.04025794193148613, 0.02649165317416191, 0.0030878563411533833, 0.009610123001039028, 0.014841345138847828, 0.024294499307870865, -0.022718600928783417, -0.047612447291612625, -0.005103628616780043, -0.028809068724513054, 0.07334106415510178, -0.009030306711792946, 0.030639484524726868, 0.029359426349401474, -0.043376773595809937, -0.03157447651028633, -0.024663254618644714, -0.019394902512431145, -0.011786920949816704, -0.0047674765810370445, 0.022689493373036385, 0.0006313860649242997, 0.0335058756172657, -0.010380644351243973, 0.026578187942504883, 0.015645215287804604, 0.06801281869411469, -0.0028409177903085947, 0.008842701092362404, 0.035924941301345825, 0.010294371284544468, -0.045174844563007355, 0.0048185959458351135, -0.020626461133360863, 0.014132936485111713, -0.017885230481624603, 0.017737945541739464, 0.06915216892957687, 0.058265797793865204, 0.03794914111495018, -0.020039932802319527, -0.0005741655477322638, -0.03325873985886574, 0.02378333918750286, 0.039997000247240067, -0.016207652166485786, 0.06867307424545288, -0.007413790561258793, 0.019211765378713608, 0.006297830026596785, 0.021523883566260338, -0.004005829803645611, -0.03023204393684864, -0.012834141030907631, -0.03582660108804703, -0.05754388868808746, 0.0582590214908123, 0.013664821162819862, -0.04858434200286865, -0.018492575734853745, 0.010574000887572765, 0.04908958449959755, 0.03198850527405739, 0.02852894552052021, 0.02544304169714451, 0.06553913652896881, -0.0038414201699197292, 0.01940559223294258, -0.012234610505402088, -0.03143865615129471, 0.09110308438539505, 0.049975816160440445, 0.04705630987882614, -0.052619900554418564, -0.008439706638455391, -0.028694214299321175, 0.009436611086130142, -0.04524761438369751, 0.044619131833314896, 0.01680309697985649, -0.028635574504733086, -0.020161038264632225, 0.03273211419582367, 0.01861104741692543, -0.0032770554535090923, 0.05215081945061684, -0.02645678073167801, -0.012652435339987278, 0.01391695998609066, 0.008307527750730515, 0.01795150339603424, -0.0249716117978096, -0.07341054826974869, 0.010392123833298683, -0.011760469526052475, -0.03860543668270111, -0.031674887984991074, -0.026244359090924263, -0.005817665718495846, -0.014869805425405502, -0.053991325199604034, 0.009923660196363926, 0.021604379639029503, 0.014358079992234707, -0.016497505828738213, 0.01003536581993103, -0.01782919093966484, -0.021246394142508507, 0.016901487484574318, 0.031747426837682724, 0.04691101238131523, -0.02460545301437378, -0.00855044461786747, -0.03167123720049858, -0.040377285331487656, 0.020548302680253983, -0.02064940705895424, 0.008990793488919735, -0.028910182416439056, 0.009726518765091896, -0.01202105637639761, -0.004318383987993002, 0.025493018329143524, -0.035729266703128815, -0.02631940320134163, -0.006281138863414526, 0.03561539947986603, -0.005855585914105177, -0.03193109855055809, 0.004167035222053528, 0.012346888892352581, -0.016992397606372833, 0.039875712245702744, -0.01672729291021824, -0.013589059002697468, -0.0006349582108668983, -0.01763557456433773, 0.04210042208433151, -0.04100848361849785, -0.0437852181494236, 0.0037969520781189203, 0.005236608907580376, -0.016590267419815063, -0.003197820158675313, 0.013683474622666836, -0.012246666476130486, 0.01240493357181549, -0.007939185947179794, -0.03689855709671974, -0.0296015664935112, -0.049868445843458176, 0.0074583496898412704, -0.030294332653284073, -0.011812129989266396, -0.03566521778702736, 0.008880704641342163, 0.0703519806265831, 0.0021542294416576624, -0.004257500637322664, 0.01732371188700199, -0.036514367908239365, 0.01574050262570381, 0.01638452149927616, -0.023174967616796494, -0.006023138761520386, -0.01694202981889248, 0.010067361406981945, -0.008996992371976376, -0.012914120219647884, 0.06271053850650787, 0.03493615612387657, -0.00042696529999375343, -0.02352181449532509, 0.014631900936365128, -0.012592555955052376, 0.007953076623380184, 0.017558807507157326, -0.02931477501988411, 0.0075833662413060665, 0.0038043505046516657, 0.0007919853087514639, -0.04550444707274437, -0.019528495147824287, -0.015110878273844719, 0.019872402772307396, -0.034031227231025696, -0.005283170845359564, -0.05291660130023956, -0.006663856096565723, -0.021900329738855362, 0.039269328117370605, -0.012312718667089939, 0.0012636369792744517, -0.05039496347308159, 0.01876317895948887, -0.04167429730296135, -0.00650248397141695, 0.012541699223220348, 0.01608733832836151, -0.0004303799069020897, 0.005948545411229134, 0.03576880320906639, 0.03308390453457832, -0.0016130654839798808, -0.0009983821073547006, 0.023526158183813095, -0.038839444518089294, 0.015542430803179741, -0.05065535008907318, -0.029278477653861046, 0.04131972789764404, -0.027403585612773895, -0.011475253850221634, 0.042653877288103104, -0.013957923278212547, 0.008473833091557026, -0.017314564436674118, -0.009330068714916706, 0.012715178541839123, 0.042211104184389114, -0.015181371942162514, 0.0014953569043427706, -0.002573874080553651, 0.007676701061427593, 0.021094515919685364, -0.0017375994939357042, 0.010664582252502441, -0.003266878193244338, -0.03138147294521332, -0.004362121690064669, 0.05496179312467575, 0.027565905824303627, 0.009659434668719769, 0.03160501644015312, -0.01688917726278305, 0.04891344904899597, 0.00025861701578833163, -0.010424579493701458, 0.07080293446779251, 0.04572445899248123, -0.009904689155519009, -0.013760322704911232, -0.0034271206241101027, -0.024213548749685287, -0.07171808928251266, 0.014686859212815762, 0.024526068940758705, -0.000898296944797039, 0.05615221709012985, -0.05382451042532921, -0.006163551472127438, 0.017113298177719116, -0.0363273061811924, 0.016053903847932816, -0.01138074416667223, -0.02297663688659668, -0.00426632072776556, 0.0013837278820574284, -0.01256980374455452, 0.037095807492733, 0.037658754736185074, 0.007971705868840218, 0.05125540867447853, 0.004353731404989958, -0.0069534992799162865, -0.030300380662083626, -0.0025092081632465124, 0.0025532229337841272, 0.05006391182541847, -0.04178682714700699, 0.03543882071971893, -0.061452265828847885, -0.03994155302643776, 0.01285613514482975, -0.025942061096429825, 0.013084663078188896, -0.008547022938728333, 0.02104100212454796, 0.014469471760094166, 0.027142735198140144, 0.02276700921356678, -0.03735480457544327, 0.010396059602499008, 0.0000758096284698695, -0.0012813499197363853, 0.032983239740133286, -0.009817477315664291, 0.004221559967845678, -0.01762090064585209, -0.017471157014369965, 0.00037653313484042883, 0.018363339826464653, -0.0015532640973106027, -0.03223015367984772, 0.0041373311541974545, -0.03171857073903084, 0.022075187414884567, -0.003952247090637684, 0.04363777115941048, 0.001771015115082264, -0.0014631031081080437, 0.046337950974702835, 0.005958428606390953, 0.002581310225650668, 0.03832084685564041, -0.012129772454500198, -0.07951846718788147, 0.008449471555650234, -0.01165526732802391, -0.028991756960749626, -0.047721024602651596, -0.007573542185127735, 0.011035636998713017, -0.018780846148729324, -0.04029354080557823, 0.03970171511173248, -0.010727793909609318, 0.0527835413813591, -0.0017447791760787368, 0.024272968992590904, 0.04300055652856827, -0.053808100521564484, -0.013062404468655586, -0.05529564991593361, 0.0940902829170227, -0.004631826654076576, -0.0424514040350914, -0.03893975913524628, 0.0033556243870407343, -0.022624418139457703, -0.005378091707825661, 0.0645054280757904, -0.032010674476623535, 0.027328507974743843, -0.001565464655868709, 0.012620585039258003, 0.01692293770611286, -0.02492249757051468, 0.01256541907787323, -0.04027728736400604, -0.03923587501049042, 0.03173751011490822, -0.04059083014726639, -0.057346295565366745, -0.0026755756698548794, 0.010521057061851025, -0.007067452184855938, 0.005897292867302895, 0.040664635598659515, 0.0018230994464829564, 0.032609011977910995, 0.04890222102403641, -0.004063132684677839, 0.02826741710305214, -0.026914693415164948, 0.007814621552824974, -0.004149970598518848, -0.019544634968042374, -0.05626848340034485, 0.01571071334183216, -0.04570358991622925, -0.04036581888794899, -0.013158224523067474, 0.009531211107969284, 0.006377090234309435, -0.05123138427734375, -0.026517154648900032, 0.011984944343566895, -0.0008141244179569185, 0.04285256937146187, 0.04486645385622978, 0.016140205785632133, -0.0010349689982831478, -0.008666159585118294, 0.010706585831940174, 0.04953932762145996, 0.039089955389499664, 0.004344359505921602, 0.015296675264835358, 0.024904387071728706, -0.028430713340640068, 0.00044922411325387657, -0.002986821113154292, -0.00911706406623125, 0.0091901496052742, -0.016292819753289223, 0.010715865530073643, -0.03199879452586174, -0.014841222204267979, 0.012949616648256779, -0.022136393934488297, -0.009033997543156147, 0.026197466999292374, -0.03474839776754379, 0.08656790852546692, -0.0095201525837183, 0.014685324393212795, -0.02579537034034729, -0.023852048441767693, 0.010807652026414871, 0.004845975432544947, -0.008932354860007763, -0.002517983317375183, -0.03448886796832085, 0.02479548752307892, 0.020898310467600822, -0.00020287538063712418, 0.03295894339680672, -0.0463155098259449, 0.005072564352303743, -0.029135001823306084, 0.0065039596520364285, -0.016993815079331398, -0.03474470227956772, -0.04988250136375427, -0.041736237704753876, 0.04642019420862198, 0.026271985843777657, 0.05241988226771355, -0.009389755316078663, -0.025545649230480194, -0.006389445625245571, 0.007731625344604254, -0.09998559951782227, -0.0024358313530683517, -0.06276369094848633, 0.031272415071725845, -0.0043758004903793335, -0.017815101891756058 ]
<p>Several texts (both online and published books) have been reviewed prior to asking this.</p> <p>What diagnostics are accepted as best practise for a generalised linear mixed-effects model fitted in R using glmmPQL. I am modelling mortality incidence (count data) using repeated measures, longitudinal survival data. The response is either 0 (alive) or 1 (death). Therefore when plotting residuals, a random scatter is difficult to observe as the residuals cluster around the observed values of 0 or 1. How can I plot residuals that are easy to interpret when fitting a glmmPQL model? Is there a way to get one residual per unique subject as opposed to 1 residual per observation of a given subject?</p> <p>What are the other goodness-of-fit measures/tests to apply to a glmmPQL model. E.g. it appears that AIC and BIC can not be obtained from a glmmPQL.</p> <p>I would greatly appreciate any help, even if direction to certain texts.</p> <p>Thanks</p>
36,722
[ -0.024068264290690422, -0.005296959076076746, 0.013006878085434437, -0.005602262448519468, 0.04180317744612694, 0.030025040730834007, -0.016482368111610413, -0.024042943492531776, 0.038328617811203, -0.029502907767891884, 0.029978571459650993, 0.044598761945962906, 0.05740218237042427, 0.026529712602496147, 0.031583208590745926, -0.010920386761426926, 0.007009757217019796, -0.02897200547158718, 0.00724840210750699, 0.0010398209560662508, -0.028150437399744987, 0.010385192930698395, 0.05010635405778885, 0.003649948863312602, -0.05088237300515175, 0.0518340989947319, 0.0015938814030960202, -0.008727330714464188, 0.0018555383430793881, 0.039429984986782074, -0.048525191843509674, -0.025309311226010323, -0.012192419730126858, 0.01191738247871399, 0.021693522110581398, 0.0055006989277899265, -0.031065622344613075, -0.03051205910742283, -0.010139724239706993, 0.04226932302117348, -0.022697487846016884, -0.04543833062052727, 0.012821564450860023, 0.008189573884010315, 0.008855007588863373, -0.02384667657315731, -0.0008261660113930702, -0.051348086446523666, 0.08001809567213058, -0.06406004726886749, 0.06345605105161667, 0.014122170396149158, 0.05199728161096573, 0.004324357956647873, 0.003613858250901103, 0.007691337261348963, 0.03623628988862038, 0.055064618587493896, -0.01736181043088436, -0.06159598380327225, -0.0057011195458471775, -0.030395595356822014, 0.051745351403951645, 0.001329211750999093, -0.026158548891544342, 0.02747952938079834, 0.018828248605132103, -0.051454320549964905, 0.06857772171497345, 0.0005619687726721168, 0.018385859206318855, 0.021847978234291077, 0.017092062160372734, -0.024560753256082535, 0.05547882243990898, -0.012990093789994717, -0.028480684384703636, -0.018579185009002686, 0.06831525266170502, 0.04974154755473137, -0.030287591740489006, -0.003082121489569545, -0.008376844227313995, 0.017553946003317833, 0.017214437946677208, -0.019301865249872208, 0.06281919032335281, -0.0224627498537302, 0.01479838602244854, 0.04169413447380066, -0.026378782466053963, 0.019239649176597595, 0.030368801206350327, 0.049860235303640366, -0.07517816126346588, 0.029934221878647804, -0.025999197736382484, 0.04775053262710571, -0.005437561310827732, 0.01988448202610016, -0.01796303689479828, -0.07017173618078232, 0.02536870911717415, 0.03812163695693016, -0.03633226454257965, -0.01226362306624651, -0.02565704844892025, -0.010091270320117474, 0.012613145634531975, -0.027909114956855774, -0.010022676549851894, 0.01985810697078705, 0.03429755941033363, -0.024936005473136902, -0.00815619993954897, -0.019285470247268677, 0.005696791224181652, -0.024771910160779953, 0.03578980267047882, 0.07084378600120544, 0.05835398659110069, 0.006247357930988073, 0.021967492997646332, -0.03925104811787605, -0.05551536753773689, -0.033191096037626266, 0.005861499346792698, -0.031631164252758026, -0.05585641413927078, 0.09504485875368118, 0.022575434297323227, -0.021568939089775085, 0.0494699664413929, -0.006096196360886097, 0.04713046923279762, -0.027007320895791054, -0.06075805798172951, -0.04680189862847328, 0.017008237540721893, -0.03353659063577652, 0.01812032423913479, -0.025011176243424416, -0.001357699860818684, 0.013418748043477535, 0.044294994324445724, 0.015000331215560436, 0.02600906603038311, -0.0215854924172163, 0.014794737100601196, 0.004711974412202835, -0.009199896827340126, 0.007153545506298542, -0.009197420440614223, -0.011956312693655491, -0.03150457143783569, -0.09780003875494003, 0.026778561994433403, 0.01842145435512066, -0.01996280997991562, -0.016779176890850067, 0.044269315898418427, 0.03915246203541756, -0.008032784797251225, 0.022561293095350266, 0.006522100884467363, 0.02891535498201847, 0.0630042627453804, 0.015812966972589493, 0.032407790422439575, 0.05177963897585869, -0.0037242176476866007, 0.016659969463944435, 0.01204148679971695, 0.05991855636239052, 0.012965402565896511, -0.01655748300254345, 0.03710218518972397, -0.028988055884838104, 0.010875497944653034, 0.06290281563997269, -0.0565590038895607, 0.006654046475887299, -0.03080713376402855, -0.034501418471336365, 0.006632875185459852, -0.001115033752284944, -0.010949056595563889, 0.011359713971614838, 0.06800471991300583, -0.022708972916007042, -0.03948064520955086, -0.0608011893928051, -0.010763036087155342, 0.0205894373357296, -0.024965839460492134, -0.00041134507046081126, -0.008155771531164646, 0.014705672860145569, -0.0014304353389889002, 0.014140397310256958, -0.020406628027558327, -0.0029658623971045017, 0.00939065683633089, -0.05296353995800018, -0.023704975843429565, -0.012277485802769661, 0.048587698489427567, -0.023052478209137917, 0.03064911626279354, -0.045337628573179245, -0.01647205464541912, -0.005893954541534185, -0.03707371652126312, 0.01703849993646145, -0.026867225766181946, -0.01425062958151102, 0.00750271650031209, 0.02353803999722004, -0.036140695214271545, 0.02513207495212555, -0.03510632738471031, 0.06137287989258766, 0.0765155553817749, -0.008055209182202816, -0.0012789095053449273, 0.012905895709991455, 0.015933584421873093, -0.020687052980065346, -0.048540107905864716, 0.0026123172137886286, -0.058335091918706894, -0.027180669829249382, 0.02687813714146614, -0.011090845800936222, -0.005326719488948584, 0.041193582117557526, 0.05894249677658081, 0.013224639929831028, 0.012152111157774925, 0.011589671485126019, -0.02313036285340786, -0.023517251014709473, 0.038352154195308685, 0.033627767115831375, -0.01563892513513565, 0.0005254641873762012, 0.03467077761888504, -0.017068909481167793, 0.022449256852269173, -0.02561447210609913, -0.019405880942940712, 0.06477466225624084, -0.008553690277040005, -0.009271405637264252, -0.02988368645310402, -0.01866960898041725, 0.03580568730831146, -0.0024642623029649258, 0.0032016488257795572, 0.05669010803103447, 0.036903850734233856, -0.02355583757162094, 0.0026652063243091106, 0.00737187173217535, 0.021391533315181732, 0.024577012285590172, -0.03454966098070145, -0.009944353252649307, -0.006677487399429083, -0.01797071099281311, 0.014882533811032772, -0.031515661627054214, -0.04632974788546562, -0.03279231861233711, -0.0034288044553250074, 0.015435870736837387, 0.0037641434464603662, 0.03043482080101967, -0.018615037202835083, -0.013185881078243256, 0.0029598837718367577, -0.0021819183602929115, 0.01974830962717533, 0.005286873318254948, -0.05802365764975548, 0.004673497751355171, -0.0441238135099411, -0.007236812729388475, -0.0006417857366614044, -0.012738397344946861, -0.017501695081591606, -0.011260435916483402, -0.01240185834467411, -0.029838087037205696, -0.035723015666007996, -0.03449789062142372, -0.0217593926936388, -0.022115768864750862, 0.005282218102365732, 0.036872901022434235, 0.004043240565806627, -0.03180970251560211, -0.0016871111001819372, -0.03419331833720207, 0.009484631009399891, -0.015844164416193962, 0.009892192669212818, 0.05152750387787819, 0.008883575908839703, 0.00579492375254631, 0.017657894641160965, -0.04472518339753151, 0.00898122601211071, -0.07337336987257004, -0.05607481673359871, 0.050309665501117706, -0.00813969224691391, 0.028443261981010437, 0.0035040860529989004, -0.034980520606040955, 0.06304515898227692, 0.053319890052080154, 0.0017492924816906452, -0.03833233565092087, -0.0011845198459923267, 0.007865644060075283, -0.03163301199674606, 0.013099294155836105, 0.00846356526017189, -0.004270829726010561, 0.04689506068825722, -0.007032083347439766, 0.012528368271887302, 0.04515111446380615, 0.018323929980397224, -0.03541257604956627, 0.03048265352845192, 0.005653369706124067, -0.00615457259118557, 0.007600416895002127, 0.0287740770727396, -0.00449706194922328, 0.0259510837495327, 0.006885274779051542, -0.009279987774789333, 0.0006130993133410811, -0.03849290683865547, -0.00008860421075951308, 0.0034394324757158756, -0.0028465730138123035, -0.018017826601862907, 0.035230666399002075, 0.006709926296025515, -0.04953997954726219, -0.004219788126647472, 0.014255853369832039, 0.03525557741522789, -0.031681548804044724, 0.009848030284047127, 0.038629721850156784, 0.02037789486348629, -0.0025765292812138796, -0.0046330890618264675, -0.010627693496644497, -0.010253011249005795, -0.0006998403696343303, -0.053245581686496735, 0.006693699862807989, 0.02483433298766613, 0.024224216118454933, 0.03857089951634407, -0.038567982614040375, -0.033867206424474716, -0.026914527639746666, -0.06364452838897705, -0.018547914922237396, -0.017383717000484467, 0.048739783465862274, -0.014936049468815327, 0.0015298753278329968, 0.04061722755432129, -0.029242031276226044, -0.005070962943136692, 0.00046747681335546076, -0.0698975920677185, 0.05664348229765892, -0.028552895411849022, -0.010990875773131847, 0.03970500826835632, -0.012361622415482998, 0.019942261278629303, -0.0157100111246109, -0.02269737608730793, 0.005221830680966377, 0.02947247214615345, -0.029020383954048157, 0.0018092654645442963, -0.024378493428230286, -0.023762470111250877, -0.020173920318484306, 0.001999136060476303, -0.007350292056798935, -0.0012734098127111793, -0.01716078445315361, 0.049599967896938324, -0.004252593964338303, -0.02638508751988411, -0.022032761946320534, 0.0038027416449040174, 0.01657513529062271, 0.03589099645614624, 0.020629581063985825, 0.012163669802248478, -0.052354540675878525, 0.023094719275832176, 0.01646414026618004, 0.02918267622590065, 0.018255015835165977, -0.008654476143419743, -0.001997328130528331, -0.03167138621211052, -0.028092363849282265, 0.015855267643928528, 0.009253879077732563, 0.0004935453762300313, -0.008572174236178398, 0.06842684745788574, 0.009031549096107483, -0.05082843825221062, 0.02405671402812004, 0.05435615032911301, 0.0005940700648352504, 0.005814436823129654, -0.0026609410997480154, 0.0003329176106490195, 0.02694043703377247, 0.010947276838123798, 0.018402107059955597, 0.020574402064085007, 0.028742600232362747, 0.023144390434026718, 0.04267368093132973, -0.02833976037800312, -0.012479891069233418, -0.02685156650841236, 0.013242275454103947, 0.026346545666456223, 0.018751170486211777, -0.0518643781542778, 0.006904053967446089, 0.013181950896978378, 0.05353272706270218, 0.06721743941307068, -0.005826217122375965, -0.09920446574687958, 0.009230568073689938, 0.04654495418071747, 0.033981237560510635, 0.0030370799358934164, -0.012619391083717346, -0.026789655908942223, -0.0306148249655962, 0.019884174689650536, -0.033118586987257004, -0.008900920860469341, 0.002931277034804225, 0.007718893699347973, -0.022241229191422462, -0.02869359403848648, -0.04371726140379906, 0.027075929567217827, -0.024770313873887062, 0.04576371610164642, -0.01571386121213436, 0.001141942455433309, -0.04278253763914108, 0.02486437000334263, -0.032931748777627945, 0.035822365432977676, -0.026766998693346977, -0.006255884654819965, 0.04569283500313759, 0.006879888009279966, -0.03620993718504906, -0.03521474078297615, 0.02583988569676876, -0.03263647109270096, 0.01836111955344677, 0.030533794313669205, -0.002433524001389742, -0.016745133325457573, 0.017985424026846886, 0.04180402681231499, -0.0144584309309721, -0.008848093450069427, -0.017861971631646156, 0.018193142488598824, -0.005518744233995676, -0.013920160941779613, 0.06328650563955307, 0.014170201495289803, 0.035677921026945114, -0.012987391091883183, -0.005726717412471771, -0.013199219480156898, -0.04370319843292236, -0.07259435951709747, -0.05089737847447395, -0.0013730822829529643, -0.03968263790011406, 0.02454504743218422, -0.015785181894898415, 0.027863308787345886, -0.035425815731287, -0.013904446735978127, 0.0397600382566452, 0.058502160012722015, 0.030101416632533073, 0.020040543749928474, 0.02524496614933014, 0.03197738900780678, -0.00026905417325906456, -0.005728143732994795, 0.04410943388938904, -0.027815913781523705, -0.01047885324805975, -0.005190511699765921, -0.03353853523731232, 0.03066401369869709, 0.003756451653316617, 0.015567558817565441, -0.005507040303200483, 0.002061475533992052, 0.02807355299592018, -0.00231807678937912, 0.043736763298511505, -0.006133639253675938, -0.03117089532315731, -0.005135258659720421, 0.029025305062532425, -0.00400152150541544, 0.05646863579750061, -0.005479674786329269, 0.03188337758183479, -0.012996439822018147, 0.018336987122893333, -0.08857540041208267, -0.027716973796486855, 0.021022522822022438, -0.006900493986904621, -0.014520317316055298, 0.0007841454353183508, -0.013742935843765736, 0.0008898993255570531, -0.01934891939163208, 0.0053328643552958965, 0.04620567709207535, -0.050769634544849396, -0.008707242086529732, -0.023402012884616852, 0.0468713603913784, 0.057347219437360764, -0.00013115399633534253, -0.03485270217061043, 0.026946015655994415, -0.03888317570090294, -0.022694192826747894, 0.011827808804810047, 0.022134242579340935, -0.035734932869672775, 0.006205814890563488, -0.06474481523036957, 0.00005198964572628029, 0.04628235846757889, 0.015909545123577118, -0.02325970120728016, 0.0010128928115591407, 0.0016074370360001922, 0.011641766875982285, -0.04754316806793213, -0.004067653324455023, -0.016613243147730827, 0.0009890991495922208, -0.032997261732816696, 0.007106530945748091, 0.00797863770276308, -0.02652125246822834, 0.0479108951985836, -0.027814630419015884, -0.011263531632721424, 0.011232027783989906, 0.05031635984778404, 0.01064581423997879, -0.00591819966211915, 0.01249772310256958, -0.02572951838374138, 0.03781183809041977, -0.0008658875594846904, -0.006794507149606943, 0.008596108295023441, 0.047945279628038406, -0.030708521604537964, -0.00578528456389904, -0.017148490995168686, -0.015847982838749886, 0.04064999148249626, 0.021509040147066116, 0.03266182914376259, 0.04949484393000603, -0.03721236810088158, -0.0028916101437062025, -0.022423764690756798, -0.010733054019510746, -0.006950828712433577, 0.0002810260630212724, 0.08122289180755615, -0.05307965353131294, -0.018610971048474312, 0.031805384904146194, 0.03866574913263321, -0.002285899594426155, 0.03388508781790733, 0.018106063827872276, -0.003245263360440731, 0.05076061934232712, -0.009314428083598614, -0.05195869505405426, 0.06630830466747284, -0.03477291762828827, 0.04885430261492729, -0.014397894963622093, -0.030743181705474854, 0.033041030168533325, 0.07827644050121307, 0.011655852198600769, -0.021209334954619408, -0.05686507374048233, -0.05737646296620369, 0.026270320639014244, 0.0604301318526268, -0.015969229862093925, 0.02333173155784607, 0.007658794056624174, 0.05201399698853493, 0.005431450437754393, 0.03522101044654846, -0.02878677472472191, -0.06486929208040237, -0.016209997236728668, -0.0018313108012080193, -0.046164099127054214, 0.00940198078751564, -0.02186300791800022, -0.017750637605786324, -0.01547672227025032, -0.04154236987233162, 0.016708673909306526, 0.005311859771609306, 0.04114234820008278, -0.013740061782300472, 0.0544610470533371, -0.028456363826990128, -0.029086392372846603, -0.011704117991030216, -0.004965834319591522, 0.10717335343360901, 0.07963886111974716, 0.049429796636104584, -0.0862593725323677, 0.0016889183316379786, 0.034456927329301834, 0.008741620928049088, -0.008702917024493217, 0.018741851672530174, -0.0051834434270858765, 0.017689455300569534, 0.06842329353094101, 0.056086305528879166, 0.0007372359395958483, -0.00221199169754982, 0.06368155032396317, -0.013422524556517601, -0.03876149654388428, -0.024178985506296158, 0.02784370444715023, -0.011486286297440529, 0.015609001740813255, -0.03771902248263359, 0.04809432849287987, 0.020939452573657036, -0.05740738287568092, -0.02523365430533886, -0.00115735933650285, -0.040565043687820435, 0.010868166573345661, -0.0017934824572876096, -0.009437660686671734, 0.0061956895515322685, 0.013625805266201496, -0.005993816070258617, -0.015312815085053444, 0.02619047462940216, -0.0053507923148572445, 0.03151456266641617, 0.058787595480680466, -0.00857485644519329, -0.0443572923541069, 0.04362328723073006, 0.026633206754922867, -0.04780454933643341, -0.039281658828258514, 0.0037384643219411373, 0.07511794567108154, -0.032787635922431946, -0.037850454449653625, -0.018240980803966522, -0.02218632958829403, 0.0017526923911646008, -0.05609165132045746, -0.01458332221955061, 0.03627229481935501, 0.050000254064798355, -0.023988477885723114, -0.03133757784962654, -0.029361991211771965, 0.012971850112080574, -0.019584184512495995, 0.010166328400373459, 0.03053487464785576, -0.04283088445663452, -0.0437089242041111, -0.07359671592712402, 0.026938384398818016, -0.021050065755844116, 0.0324828177690506, 0.02449084259569645, -0.03598318248987198, -0.03528181463479996, -0.006761465221643448, 0.018158629536628723, 0.004820937290787697, 0.04781905934214592, -0.025181803852319717, -0.004084842279553413, -0.02579437755048275, -0.058246418833732605, 0.044441189616918564, -0.02293291687965393, -0.023658718913793564, -0.026622887700796127, -0.032844316214323044, 0.03220941871404648, 0.02458399534225464, -0.012372113764286041, 0.027257272973656654, -0.018699821084737778, 0.03745463863015175, -0.02131803333759308, -0.04758307710289955, -0.002436392940580845, 0.013201436959207058, -0.04037519916892052, -0.016239752992987633, -0.004011152777820826, 0.021003374829888344, 0.005657572764903307, 0.033341582864522934, -0.014135603792965412, 0.04647354781627655, 0.0014459347585216165, 0.026850523427128792, 0.015633301809430122, -0.061926115304231644, -0.00030049358610995114, 0.010915456339716911, 0.01060241088271141, 0.0023490251041948795, -0.043399639427661896, -0.03627099096775055, -0.04683735594153404, 0.018516680225729942, 0.007134956307709217, -0.028850264847278595, 0.008087622933089733, -0.02974478155374527, 0.007844147272408009, -0.039477959275245667, 0.0006374332006089389, -0.04456130042672157, -0.006663067732006311, 0.016950685530900955, -0.025326741859316826, 0.02214333601295948, -0.01962864212691784, -0.010771670378744602, 0.0190809927880764, 0.046029794961214066, -0.012546299025416374, -0.027104495093226433, 0.00915560219436884, 0.014939560554921627, -0.009750734083354473, 0.038614097982645035, -0.00048618498840369284, 0.006052018143236637, 0.03339458629488945, -0.047902919352054596, -0.002283642068505287, 0.019098743796348572, 0.016446728259325027, 0.002443266101181507, 0.019740326330065727, -0.0006671490846201777, -0.0300127100199461, 0.04511116072535515, 0.0002755916502792388, -0.003003758378326893, -0.043177857995033264, 0.02706267312169075, -0.0009940053569152951, 0.016117122024297714, -0.007746949791908264, -0.017520586028695107, -0.0225543063133955, 0.038348764181137085, 0.04144947975873947, 0.016888173297047615, 0.017275109887123108, 0.015489846467971802, -0.03729584440588951, 0.019861621782183647, 0.027782009914517403, -0.0007999489898793399, 0.038633670657873154, 0.03317831829190254, 0.007924674078822136, 0.028302928432822227, -0.026301762089133263, 0.0417863167822361, -0.0727139413356781, -0.03284526616334915, -0.0218509454280138, 0.04326885566115379, 0.025275511667132378, -0.04499022290110588, -0.01177819725126028, 0.04979216307401657, -0.02783472090959549, -0.017098715528845787, -0.006549945566803217, -0.03242946043610573, -0.03280317410826683, 0.02538895793259144, -0.010194209404289722, 0.027251753956079483, 0.01312763337045908, 0.023661956191062927, 0.004698240198194981, 0.026097800582647324, -0.0023184274323284626, -0.021785035729408264, 0.03432700037956238, 0.018100351095199585, 0.02550383470952511, -0.05466992035508156, 0.04553666710853577, -0.035589538514614105, 0.006659107282757759, 0.03418955206871033, -0.006249968893826008, 0.04289204627275467, 0.05197633430361748, 0.04614555835723877, -0.01901288330554962, 0.04557569697499275, 0.02080046385526657, -0.0030975795816630125, 0.008719456382095814, -0.02772573195397854, 0.01897813379764557, 0.03935181722044945, -0.03170188143849373, 0.06449512392282486, 0.019568679854273796, -0.008618103340268135, -0.02218933030962944, 0.002073155017569661, -0.008726335130631924, -0.040387801826000214, -0.01350210327655077, 0.001040167873725295, 0.020448926836252213, -0.028407182544469833, 0.03523242473602295, -0.04422127455472946, 0.030246181413531303, 0.035931296646595, 0.04837101697921753, 0.0005408244905993342, 0.030771728605031967, -0.03707542270421982, -0.010590077377855778, 0.0000628581692581065, -0.016868414357304573, 0.0014412773307412863, -0.0643194168806076, -0.029265016317367554, -0.026297327131032944, 0.03796953335404396, -0.02379118651151657, 0.01503503043204546, -0.028529003262519836, 0.027302319183945656, -0.025128506124019623, -0.002491324208676815, 0.01958450861275196, 0.008977829478681087, 0.005878991447389126, -0.06959596276283264, 0.05744512751698494, 0.02335219457745552, 0.007328632287681103, -0.04497578740119934, -0.030738579109311104, -0.03583284839987755, 0.029660193249583244, 0.051184896379709244, -0.00026844360399991274, 0.02724589966237545, 0.0003402235161047429, 0.02427562139928341, -0.0046518039889633656, -0.03083520382642746, 0.038009170442819595, -0.009064418263733387, -0.03467707708477974, -0.051114946603775024, 0.03150184825062752, 0.014516901224851608, -0.003845604369416833, 0.022356240078806877, -0.030268261209130287, 0.016546525061130524, -0.006740950047969818, -0.02930249273777008, 0.04435889795422554, 0.032341670244932175, -0.032073765993118286, 0.02046867460012436, -0.031680840998888016, 0.016652334481477737, 0.047148555517196655, -0.011348288506269455, -0.05309472233057022, 0.06114437058568001, -0.0038614149671047926, -0.029743921011686325, 0.047639522701501846, -0.004992786794900894, -0.02420937828719616, -0.06881555169820786, 0.02661624364554882, 0.003312617540359497, -0.018879294395446777, 0.003677832894027233, -0.005212435964494944, 0.042757511138916016, 0.0672600045800209, -0.021749157458543777, -0.012791506946086884, 0.022562826052308083, 0.006042749620974064, 0.014434189535677433, 0.027381470426917076, 0.013863734900951385, -0.002718629315495491, -0.01997874490916729, 0.010264319367706776, -0.0022180071100592613, 0.026924744248390198, -0.011816543526947498, 0.005174897611141205, -0.021332258358597755, 0.01637708581984043, 0.017573432996869087, 0.0024950315710157156, 0.0065885246731340885, -0.00123303453437984, -0.02271469309926033, 0.045801155269145966, -0.04018738865852356, 0.008415167219936848, -0.017471978440880775, -0.07066426426172256, -0.025368070229887962, -0.012066075578331947, 0.011038358323276043, 0.04205287992954254, 0.008924316614866257, 0.02132454141974449, -0.021980900317430496, -0.03213690593838692, 0.002883243141695857, -0.030360737815499306, 0.017391664907336235, -0.001849620370194316, 0.009149172343313694, -0.04090080037713051, -0.03617951273918152, -0.046968694776296616, -0.020868638530373573, 0.02980763278901577, 0.02476414106786251, 0.006362301763147116, -0.05778051167726517, -0.048644859343767166, -0.00332106021232903, 0.046184416860342026, -0.08000244200229645, -0.03633757308125496, -0.04467976838350296, 0.0028853933326900005, -0.004335047211498022, 0.02306339144706726 ]
<p>Hello: I am a computer science student working as a research assistant in an undergrad IR lab, feeling spectacularly out of my element.</p> <p>Given an input of a single continuous value and a vector of several dozen boolean values, I must estimate the expected value of a single continuous value and output it. I have several thousand training examples where I have <em>both</em> the full input and the actual output. I suspect there is some sort of machine learning algorithm that will produce a function mapping the input to the output, but I'm unsure enough of the terminology involved that I'm not sure how best to seek these resources.</p> <p>What I am looking for reminds me of classic IR classifiers such as the naive Bayesian classifier, but classifiers give you the probability of a sample belonging to a discrete class, not an expected continuous variable. Is this a form of regression? If so, what type?</p> <p>Does anybody have any insight? Any webpages to help fill in the gaps in my knowledge? Or even any helpful search terms? Also, if this is an inappropriate question for stats.stackexchange.com, is there a more appropriate community based QA site you could direct me to?</p> <p>Thanks.</p>
38,179
[ -0.028608182445168495, -0.054045096039772034, 0.004407563712447882, 0.005810488946735859, 0.009784200228750706, 0.00540360389277339, 0.014889920130372047, 0.027043409645557404, 0.02260802686214447, -0.027109624817967415, 0.027538584545254707, 0.043847471475601196, 0.05013895034790039, 0.010680418461561203, -0.008049225434660912, 0.06362895667552948, -0.010590845718979836, 0.003067192854359746, -0.0015606577508151531, -0.0029016088228672743, 0.007411586586385965, 0.030691513791680336, 0.033728405833244324, -0.016750413924455643, 0.0011321171186864376, 0.041041988879442215, 0.04197165369987488, -0.007658608723431826, 0.016985883936285973, 0.07784067839384079, -0.02788558229804039, -0.036390773952007294, -0.0008659733575768769, 0.05925942212343216, 0.021807663142681122, 0.0011983929434791207, -0.010146011598408222, -0.00962353590875864, -0.020465360954403877, 0.06729812920093536, -0.07529386878013611, 0.00036460362025536597, -0.00032506464049220085, 0.0381605327129364, -0.02931804768741131, -0.0021845512092113495, -0.020674774423241615, -0.04105905815958977, 0.0006004193564876914, -0.07188263535499573, 0.08633112907409668, -0.012420905753970146, 0.05202075466513634, 0.03080116957426071, -0.0038188036996871233, 0.010520475916564465, 0.060646478086709976, 0.07326183468103409, -0.00537939602509141, -0.05859099701046944, 0.019505687057971954, -0.041110310703516006, -0.030840519815683365, -0.001950697973370552, -0.008578894659876823, 0.01700935699045658, 0.013550322502851486, -0.02602570690214634, 0.02066025882959366, -0.014029446057975292, 0.026158826425671577, 0.025491267442703247, 0.05461724102497101, 0.012027433142066002, 0.041103772819042206, -0.029705481603741646, -0.00700673833489418, 0.029401199892163277, 0.010315272957086563, 0.01947912760078907, -0.024340519681572914, -0.0006272582104429603, 0.010349450632929802, 0.07508395612239838, 0.0037990068085491657, -0.02781333029270172, 0.07988589257001877, -0.02937699295580387, 0.023839036002755165, -0.006620235741138458, -0.054486051201820374, 0.011111412197351456, 0.017265642061829567, 0.028642231598496437, -0.07399603724479675, 0.057082124054431915, 0.010084214620292187, 0.05816292017698288, -0.00487202312797308, -0.039699964225292206, 0.03862796351313591, 0.012379840016365051, 0.018291877582669258, 0.05889418348670006, -0.052672382444143295, 0.027816995978355408, -0.019075078889727592, -0.022629832848906517, -0.026550956070423126, 0.005434822291135788, -0.023901276290416718, 0.037225961685180664, 0.026554828509688377, 0.03905091434717178, 0.012704472057521343, -0.006629650481045246, 0.006150128319859505, -0.015246866270899773, 0.056100811809301376, 0.07149693369865417, 0.010847402736544609, -0.06448177248239517, 0.03698405995965004, -0.01434253714978695, -0.03736116364598274, 0.014584355056285858, 0.010741791687905788, -0.010751514695584774, -0.03996977210044861, 0.06495608389377594, -0.012096703052520752, -0.03638133779168129, 0.02979336865246296, -0.004861778579652309, -0.002384200692176819, -0.024165933951735497, -0.0794612392783165, -0.06179792806506157, 0.0128089664503932, -0.03170681744813919, -0.03449726104736328, -0.06167471408843994, 0.004937436897307634, 0.03252243250608444, 0.023246662691235542, 0.03696589916944504, 0.05302760377526283, 0.01444086991250515, 0.0218629390001297, 0.007397350389510393, -0.02443225309252739, 0.0038637814577668905, -0.030693452805280685, -0.0045534949749708176, -0.009063581936061382, -0.043494317680597305, -0.003971980884671211, -0.004220691975206137, -0.006939414888620377, 0.00422297278419137, 0.017033644020557404, 0.029847411438822746, -0.036009903997182846, 0.00414828909561038, 0.03575558215379715, -0.02018127031624317, 0.10783258825540543, 0.007523694075644016, 0.001795058837160468, -0.00782095082104206, 0.020870579406619072, 0.005681086331605911, 0.0386369489133358, 0.030482523143291473, 0.060862377285957336, -0.03881775215268135, -0.012201520614326, -0.06897204369306564, 0.03565525263547897, 0.009702613577246666, -0.02041313424706459, -0.03133304789662361, -0.0006498795701190829, -0.004064347594976425, 0.001674282131716609, 0.024738386273384094, 0.007292244117707014, -0.05020945146679878, 0.023566965013742447, -0.04895366355776787, -0.04578240588307381, -0.06064516305923462, 0.018382128328084946, -0.023319624364376068, -0.016980493441224098, 0.01840023882687092, 0.014653043821454048, 0.020851166918873787, -0.04152505844831467, -0.03618859499692917, -0.05268099904060364, -0.029357999563217163, 0.03270915895700455, -0.004542287439107895, -0.007671019062399864, 0.0627492368221283, 0.05004547908902168, -0.03340785205364227, 0.020603643730282784, -0.05004869028925896, -0.08381851017475128, -0.0332346186041832, -0.030939631164073944, 0.050994791090488434, -0.02098279446363449, -0.01047839317470789, 0.017150182276964188, 0.017627686262130737, -0.02373252995312214, 0.0002249585377285257, -0.04934127628803253, 0.03525470569729805, 0.059568196535110474, 0.032947078347206116, -0.009381115436553955, 0.0033550364896655083, 0.015381896868348122, -0.008944534696638584, -0.03891938552260399, -0.023391302675008774, -0.057233814150094986, 0.01986449770629406, 0.04876140132546425, -0.012780998833477497, -0.02257203869521618, 0.0011852867901325226, 0.01789424568414688, 0.04308784008026123, 0.03969137370586395, 0.02637317404150963, -0.04199019819498062, 0.025321856141090393, 0.009786609560251236, 0.004574988037347794, -0.014565245248377323, -0.0003012763918377459, 0.017849119380116463, 0.03241458535194397, 0.0405290424823761, 0.03598887100815773, 0.037120968103408813, 0.04349599406123161, -0.02935611456632614, -0.0016536267939954996, -0.02194938063621521, -0.011662912555038929, 0.04478903114795685, -0.045026764273643494, -0.008427493274211884, 0.015361706726253033, -0.0017754611326381564, -0.011633911170065403, 0.003702573711052537, -0.015010611154139042, 0.015304350294172764, 0.03897994011640549, -0.033518873155117035, 0.00688089057803154, 0.040359415113925934, -0.02006405033171177, 0.02627166360616684, -0.00461451755836606, -0.026553582400083542, -0.04440126568078995, 0.03646938502788544, -0.0029472368769347668, 0.0106150321662426, 0.024776389822363853, -0.046960070729255676, 0.0013152477331459522, -0.0010488680563867092, -0.04005014896392822, 0.016592547297477722, 0.02027151733636856, -0.024601634591817856, 0.005072366446256638, -0.01845034398138523, -0.0498555488884449, 0.03359830752015114, -0.020354196429252625, -0.04040176793932915, 0.04989699646830559, -0.02776782587170601, -0.09401175379753113, -0.0007458225591108203, -0.03365898132324219, 0.029743880033493042, -0.03338684141635895, 0.009729506447911263, 0.029520079493522644, -0.011904183775186539, -0.04117230698466301, 0.020211568102240562, -0.03576015681028366, -0.011821262538433075, -0.059606462717056274, -0.036417171359062195, -0.0011335215531289577, 0.01225502509623766, 0.0268701259046793, 0.04230206087231636, -0.004228903446346521, -0.019160833209753036, -0.08014077693223953, -0.07251718640327454, 0.005463734734803438, 0.0035977617371827364, 0.0027359952218830585, 0.01733930967748165, 0.025944653898477554, 0.06459313631057739, -0.006164683494716883, -0.07033509016036987, -0.019803546369075775, 0.0014654794940724969, 0.009540718980133533, 0.002178600523620844, 0.004617308732122183, 0.00476735970005393, 0.005638353060930967, -0.002036342164501548, -0.042836908251047134, 0.0032982835546135902, 0.021432556211948395, 0.009488329291343689, -0.009007072076201439, 0.02768740989267826, -0.021878238767385483, -0.00207271846011281, 0.030335044488310814, 0.041790690273046494, -0.042966585606336594, 0.0226544588804245, 0.0018420967971906066, 0.03801019862294197, 0.025538479909300804, -0.03418177366256714, 0.006631333380937576, -0.017490452155470848, -0.008358456194400787, -0.048977188766002655, 0.019259745255112648, -0.01580393686890602, -0.03216881304979324, 0.006094095762819052, 0.02499104104936123, 0.024967718869447708, -0.0202433280646801, 0.01262519508600235, 0.03769608587026596, 0.053655341267585754, 0.001311927568167448, -0.01566225104033947, -0.02524290792644024, -0.007540605030953884, -0.013178913854062557, -0.028861476108431816, 0.018806731328368187, 0.06355246901512146, 0.04852638766169548, 0.021382002159953117, 0.020091615617275238, -0.032889217138290405, 0.003220166312530637, -0.05324653163552284, -0.004208728671073914, -0.012903474271297455, 0.060819439589977264, 0.013359319418668747, 0.02561328373849392, 0.021930882707238197, 0.005871422588825226, 0.04994341358542442, 0.013727281242609024, -0.09089076519012451, 0.007948027923703194, 0.003517319681122899, -0.0051278723403811455, -0.02833726815879345, -0.027752777561545372, 0.06550652533769608, -0.003819309175014496, -0.037510424852371216, -0.006324620917439461, 0.02950124815106392, -0.022129464894533157, -0.013855254277586937, -0.015478601679205894, -0.006585006136447191, -0.00414168369024992, 0.007267545443028212, 0.031231814995408058, -0.046607762575149536, 0.014045652002096176, -0.010457341559231281, -0.005525214597582817, -0.03804272785782814, -0.004251684062182903, 0.018943289294838905, 0.0016075217863544822, 0.04255867376923561, 0.0032885007094591856, 0.03668517619371414, -0.025003064423799515, 0.03163794428110123, -0.01337618287652731, 0.06325782090425491, 0.023751933127641678, -0.02769489958882332, -0.009423689916729927, -0.029675228521227837, 0.008596562780439854, -0.008309210650622845, 0.012847223319113255, 0.012354063801467419, 0.04166729375720024, 0.04606816917657852, 0.03800458088517189, -0.07307981699705124, 0.021388038992881775, 0.07172121852636337, 0.0011793624144047499, 0.0021366174332797527, 0.011776256375014782, 0.026354707777500153, -0.014804280363023281, -0.00011014645860996097, 0.039097145199775696, 0.025571823120117188, 0.016208698973059654, -0.0005814910982735455, 0.03515206277370453, 0.004784883465617895, -0.023727472871541977, -0.04062885418534279, 0.007899537682533264, 0.06183468550443649, -0.02505403570830822, -0.04185899347066879, 0.026725029572844505, 0.0740501657128334, 0.03412092104554176, 0.007675623055547476, 0.02095695212483406, -0.11214353889226913, 0.012448376044631004, 0.015291867777705193, 0.0402248315513134, -0.03160422667860985, -0.03449903801083565, -0.03535599261522293, 0.01743021421134472, 0.05150739103555679, -0.042967092245817184, -0.01018550805747509, -0.0030915974639356136, 0.01779131405055523, -0.02941216342151165, 0.017791585996747017, -0.03610417991876602, 0.0011871204478666186, -0.026370568200945854, 0.04613928124308586, 0.009502210654318333, -0.02617582492530346, -0.04838496446609497, 0.020252013579010963, 0.020021820440888405, 0.0513141006231308, -0.004421898629516363, -0.008574857376515865, 0.022087281569838524, 0.03339117765426636, -0.0027691193390637636, -0.030006852000951767, 0.021706169471144676, 0.008586370386183262, 0.006494902539998293, 0.036578718572854996, -0.021455027163028717, -0.0365278385579586, 0.006042026914656162, -0.017989156767725945, -0.0221871305257082, 0.0013523951638489962, -0.0491001158952713, 0.015530248172581196, 0.017675772309303284, 0.01778782717883587, 0.045354943722486496, 0.033882986754179, 0.024671602994203568, -0.028808116912841797, -0.012318872846662998, 0.015071835368871689, -0.02130347304046154, -0.059530939906835556, -0.03327855095267296, -0.012933159247040749, 0.0017377684125676751, 0.031270697712898254, 0.010664830915629864, 0.025547021999955177, -0.013140514492988586, -0.012435096316039562, -0.013245492242276669, 0.02411647140979767, -0.024047665297985077, -0.011243960820138454, -0.016899429261684418, -0.003386927302926779, -0.034824438393116, -0.0090522775426507, 0.021903133019804955, -0.0068862964399158955, -0.01065728347748518, 0.014801859855651855, -0.0613694041967392, 0.04197064787149429, -0.05147190019488335, -0.027377735823392868, 0.030190614983439445, -0.037726473063230515, 0.06621717661619186, -0.006489962805062532, 0.0420653335750103, 0.013098780997097492, -0.046302709728479385, -0.031449973583221436, -0.004275142680853605, 0.033515289425849915, 0.032249853014945984, -0.030648797750473022, 0.037840649485588074, -0.04381820186972618, -0.001478924648836255, -0.03972354531288147, -0.06241898611187935, -0.0016622889088466763, 0.011382825672626495, -0.01946205645799637, -0.06904641538858414, 0.012685086578130722, 0.004840329755097628, 0.0037068179808557034, 0.0030889385379850864, 0.009986260905861855, -0.007116314955055714, 0.002261142013594508, -0.018710052594542503, 0.01219930686056614, 0.0382269062101841, 0.024461403489112854, -0.017572004348039627, 0.030011672526597977, 0.029393594712018967, -0.023110460489988327, 0.008032767102122307, 0.02298678830265999, -0.03797416016459465, 0.0037433907855302095, -0.0333854965865612, -0.004185792990028858, 0.043380167335271835, -0.0031469683162868023, 0.03642932325601578, 0.01255352795124054, -0.0037995176389813423, -0.011597917415201664, -0.030488502234220505, -0.016958266496658325, 0.007283056154847145, -0.013049555942416191, -0.005370792467147112, -0.009981086477637291, -0.020569661632180214, 0.018230142071843147, 0.0386812798678875, 0.013160927221179008, -0.0018646157113835216, 0.009204836562275887, 0.05956798791885376, 0.0006020683795213699, 0.017361322417855263, -0.007574524264782667, -0.030563827604055405, 0.005365717690438032, -0.014854608103632927, 0.005182919558137655, 0.009087089449167252, 0.011240643449127674, -0.05582839623093605, -0.03064926527440548, -0.046358443796634674, -0.019729580730199814, 0.029090305790305138, -0.028204593807458878, 0.06160026416182518, 0.04684631526470184, 0.032089006155729294, -0.02831895835697651, -0.0010738681303337216, -0.000805073999799788, -0.01973510906100273, 0.030391085892915726, 0.0012360973050817847, 0.0006649632705375552, -0.009226743131875992, -0.007689248770475388, 0.030078917741775513, -0.0018173831049352884, 0.05583588778972626, -0.0043158745393157005, 0.0616060309112072, 0.028524555265903473, -0.032663408666849136, -0.02295391634106636, 0.04483971744775772, -0.04707867652177811, -0.0010902920039370656, 0.008675618097186089, -0.02910543419420719, 0.031079938635230064, 0.028759611770510674, -0.008452617563307285, -0.09244774281978607, -0.013028670102357864, -0.03600246459245682, 0.03798813372850418, 0.026307543739676476, -0.03819065913558006, 0.021995026618242264, 0.009368347004055977, -0.009426982142031193, 0.00614802585914731, 0.020869972184300423, -0.046471938490867615, -0.07259967923164368, -0.012021833099424839, -0.061880286782979965, -0.056112393736839294, 0.02297251857817173, -0.0014191885711625218, -0.036197710782289505, 0.033820606768131256, -0.04227371886372566, 0.00642144912853837, -0.01946844346821308, 0.025454081594944, -0.02610209956765175, 0.055098265409469604, -0.02428104169666767, 0.03082009218633175, -0.01660548895597458, 0.015869326889514923, 0.10711653530597687, 0.09465181082487106, 0.037750083953142166, -0.0950334444642067, -0.023453613743185997, -0.02036955952644348, 0.013994896784424782, -0.014398666098713875, 0.019475845620036125, 0.014320804737508297, -0.016757020726799965, 0.03308594226837158, 0.04318762198090553, 0.027250617742538452, 0.020959381014108658, 0.046825509518384933, -0.004838509019464254, 0.008924718014895916, 0.008070793934166431, 0.023736201226711273, 0.0006460085278376937, -0.015377744100987911, -0.031604520976543427, 0.023897090926766396, 0.0052874088287353516, -0.010442101396620274, -0.017956743016839027, -0.007966085337102413, -0.007110224105417728, 0.011975887231528759, -0.04486711695790291, -0.0012538678711280227, 0.027553830295801163, 0.004653381649404764, 0.012188445776700974, -0.00761770224198699, 0.021738259121775627, 0.005861795973032713, -0.019268149510025978, 0.021255232393741608, 0.04372207820415497, -0.0009425410535186529, 0.021992826834321022, -0.008232716470956802, -0.02877950482070446, -0.033607933670282364, -0.05570922791957855, 0.035100728273391724, -0.03426462039351463, -0.022921962663531303, -0.029017271474003792, 0.008539659902453423, -0.03122507967054844, -0.026741506531834602, -0.004875914193689823, 0.02072925493121147, 0.025119120255112648, -0.023742495104670525, -0.03922770917415619, -0.013225506991147995, 0.03553168103098869, -0.023612622171640396, 0.023976895958185196, 0.030240638181567192, -0.04562944546341896, -0.01360215526074171, -0.01890764944255352, 0.06629497557878494, 0.020969556644558907, -0.04133033752441406, -0.0048038107343018055, -0.03708312287926674, -0.008406765758991241, -0.0034063004422932863, 0.014098191633820534, -0.044278405606746674, 0.010319064371287823, -0.021743040531873703, 0.01637345366179943, 0.008657773956656456, -0.025499949231743813, 0.013114809058606625, -0.024070292711257935, 0.012596887536346912, -0.028174178674817085, -0.010820344090461731, 0.015389610081911087, 0.01563519984483719, 0.02958648093044758, 0.017666544765233994, 0.01771337166428566, 0.03323398530483246, 0.028892718255519867, -0.0395936481654644, -0.009405777789652348, 0.015160569921135902, -0.03007662668824196, 0.03354684263467789, -0.00037256194627843797, 0.07358696311712265, 0.021112937480211258, 0.061420880258083344, -0.014507896266877651, 0.035153988748788834, -0.012216135859489441, 0.011706838384270668, 0.0059784757904708385, -0.06399762630462646, 0.005971385631710291, -0.006266752257943153, -0.004062175750732422, -0.021769974380731583, -0.04169745370745659, -0.020589830353856087, -0.021325385197997093, -0.006739818025380373, -0.03471069410443306, -0.06320152431726456, 0.019749391824007034, -0.02808775193989277, 0.006085996516048908, -0.014523821882903576, 0.004909561015665531, -0.0349026694893837, -0.0155078936368227, -0.0012164649087935686, -0.01474380400031805, -0.022356893867254257, 0.002255151979625225, 0.004900607280433178, -0.01889631152153015, 0.022260595113039017, 0.027592819184064865, 0.0029176834505051374, 0.035673145204782486, 0.028104905039072037, -0.00982486642897129, 0.031533561646938324, -0.02851042151451111, -0.025961795821785927, 0.02579139545559883, -0.016436409205198288, 0.010847779922187328, 0.03965819254517555, 0.010676328092813492, 0.04743435978889465, 0.01337429042905569, -0.0269717276096344, 0.010151343420147896, 0.034655652940273285, -0.00021026853937655687, 0.003224700689315796, -0.02054482325911522, 0.011900738812983036, 0.015417409129440784, 0.010224509984254837, 0.006732446141541004, 0.02848305180668831, -0.01926063932478428, -0.00545888114720583, 0.018748831003904343, -0.008299249224364758, -0.0105541180819273, 0.017468849197030067, 0.01303134299814701, -0.0073222932405769825, 0.03132213279604912, 0.008739025332033634, 0.004616881720721722, 0.021494220942258835, -0.028444787487387657, 0.03455619886517525, -0.005377050023525953, 0.03802483156323433, -0.0949229896068573, -0.016907287761569023, 0.010388635098934174, 0.00926885288208723, 0.0025755921378731728, -0.06888026744127274, -0.013551227748394012, 0.04372416064143181, -0.03371402621269226, -0.009381555952131748, 0.003914870787411928, -0.027193481102585793, -0.022976499050855637, -0.008518901653587818, 0.0010001969058066607, 0.026444539427757263, 0.016315003857016563, 0.005307935178279877, 0.04545115306973457, 0.0416434071958065, -0.02570044994354248, -0.02154766581952572, -0.0005638017901219428, 0.03344378620386124, 0.032869912683963776, -0.01742386817932129, 0.07594744116067886, -0.04918184131383896, -0.03391103819012642, 0.04079452157020569, 0.0070464955642819405, 0.04632669314742088, 0.03491508588194847, 0.024951057508587837, 0.010530862957239151, 0.06808982789516449, 0.03879036754369736, -0.022023240104317665, -0.0060196490958333015, -0.0039191520772874355, 0.022866351529955864, 0.01532373670488596, -0.023559287190437317, -0.0008699215832166374, 0.03622511401772499, -0.008559014648199081, -0.022123469039797783, 0.015359267592430115, -0.00926988571882248, -0.014465050771832466, 0.015979444608092308, -0.012632152996957302, 0.005276020150631666, -0.04341210797429085, 0.05022922158241272, -0.06141750514507294, 0.010630973614752293, 0.010053140111267567, -0.0034254733473062515, -0.013282569125294685, -0.027704034000635147, -0.0006069306400604546, -0.05255405977368355, 0.017945880070328712, 0.006319043692201376, -0.022614410147070885, -0.05980858579277992, 0.0006893807440064847, 0.019224466755986214, -0.016122253611683846, -0.013378210365772247, -0.04874628782272339, -0.04811101034283638, 0.035913966596126556, 0.002199810231104493, 0.0038129009772092104, 0.016926974058151245, -0.027750490233302116, 0.0014285101788118482, -0.053973566740751266, 0.08277478069067001, -0.0025000046007335186, 0.019717678427696228, -0.02055109292268753, -0.003262670710682869, -0.023829307407140732, -0.04980980604887009, 0.04236399754881859, -0.007337718736380339, 0.0029146058950573206, -0.004921635612845421, 0.011899523437023163, 0.014128845185041428, -0.05171537399291992, -0.002236166037619114, -0.018104158341884613, -0.021816356107592583, -0.023319080471992493, -0.007556974422186613, 0.020826363936066628, -0.02805923856794834, 0.028828086331486702, 0.01020236499607563, 0.00688691483810544, -0.013707573525607586, -0.011426463723182678, 0.007116726133972406, 0.03165378049015999, 0.037669118493795395, 0.04963798448443413, 0.0027846244629472494, 0.022198643535375595, 0.019162844866514206, 0.023881813511252403, -0.030578849837183952, 0.05687393993139267, -0.006255644839257002, 0.003758447477594018, -0.02537471428513527, 0.03124428167939186, -0.0022486005909740925, -0.08285678178071976, -0.003623848082497716, 0.03362799063324928, -0.024618098512291908, 0.014146257191896439, 0.017188256606459618, 0.007810761220753193, 0.051588889211416245, -0.024349868297576904, 0.024335874244570732, 0.010201798751950264, -0.014439679682254791, 0.003263236954808235, 0.010201911441981792, 0.07309594750404358, -0.013966800644993782, 0.016576875001192093, 0.026753369718790054, -0.03019450418651104, 0.021976355463266373, -0.030367640778422356, -0.00654490664601326, -0.05104725435376167, -0.01053555402904749, 0.008190260268747807, 0.017449647188186646, 0.019686399027705193, 0.006175869610160589, -0.005813198629766703, 0.04959021881222725, -0.01125812903046608, -0.007356753572821617, -0.05462327226996422, 0.004162400495260954, -0.002167964354157448, -0.00813620537519455, 0.012285315431654453, 0.00932043045759201, 0.031000349670648575, 0.005709556862711906, -0.01694893091917038, 0.022380711510777473, 0.046820227056741714, -0.03255841135978699, -0.008724279701709747, -0.01590828038752079, -0.01454149279743433, -0.009147479198873043, -0.014082317240536213, -0.004914536606520414, -0.02552885003387928, -0.013916656374931335, 0.044887010008096695, 0.01456664502620697, 0.00689027551561594, -0.018044671043753624, -0.004448063671588898, 0.051107168197631836, -0.07598350942134857, 0.0015387459425255656, -0.05947084724903107, 0.02248625084757805, 0.0016268824692815542, -0.04128637909889221 ]
<p>I am doing a permutation to know if two datasets are significantly different. These datasets, both, have a median of 1 (in fast, 60% of observations in one datasets and 80% of the other dataset are the same observation).</p> <p>Said that, my permutation test gives me a p-value of 1 (they are the same distribution). I use the difference between medians, because my data is extremely skewed. Nevertheless, I've done a Fisher test and says they are significantly different.</p> <p>Do permutations tests inflate type-II errors in these cases where vast majority of observations are the same, when using a median?</p>
29,195
[ -0.04669177904725075, -0.007900728844106197, -0.027410347014665604, -0.007131160702556372, 0.04266609624028206, 0.01577519066631794, 0.0227953027933836, 0.014409088529646397, 0.022864898666739464, -0.034071218222379684, -0.006409896072000265, 0.0035311609972268343, 0.047260627150535583, -0.022718166932463646, 0.03900805115699768, -0.004903031047433615, -0.015449599362909794, 0.01795286126434803, -0.0028263397980481386, 0.032833632081747055, -0.008947488851845264, 0.0055321077816188335, 0.04894665628671646, -0.017388487234711647, -0.03711890056729317, 0.024808647111058235, -0.012805964797735214, -0.05079801753163338, 0.01754225790500641, 0.0675588846206665, -0.06836967915296555, -0.008905662223696709, 0.018427731469273567, 0.042560260742902756, 0.02096611075103283, -0.009580601006746292, 0.00018014571105595678, -0.03733416274189949, -0.001001135678961873, 0.026803486049175262, -0.0480533204972744, -0.0019746278412640095, -0.05064372718334198, 0.027568433433771133, 0.008053935132920742, 0.026915287598967552, -0.01321479119360447, -0.03956567868590355, 0.019551023840904236, -0.04401103034615517, 0.07715997844934464, 0.003894207766279578, 0.018923528492450714, 0.050126444548368454, -0.01375095546245575, 0.012963782995939255, 0.0702468752861023, 0.06669646501541138, -0.04045607149600983, -0.029514946043491364, 0.0015969701344147325, -0.03509218618273735, 0.02478596940636635, -0.031326260417699814, -0.03590795397758484, 0.007975524291396141, -0.01662430912256241, -0.048205360770225525, 0.018618237227201462, 0.004476715344935656, 0.04791783168911934, 0.027695059776306152, 0.05110462009906769, -0.03197828680276871, 0.03237200528383255, -0.048494208604097366, 0.03602304309606552, -0.003952591214329004, 0.04884236305952072, 0.03500090911984444, 0.0033334344625473022, 0.010698935016989708, 0.043606363236904144, 0.050442468374967575, 0.02318868227303028, -0.003387591103091836, 0.05661209672689438, -0.030794959515333176, 0.004589511547237635, 0.03349040076136589, -0.03749629855155945, -0.045025892555713654, 0.02344239316880703, -0.001917144749313593, -0.0232863649725914, 0.015553616918623447, -0.027733711525797844, 0.04812084510922432, 0.00021720616496168077, -0.004332869779318571, -0.017917055636644363, -0.023173917084932327, 0.023953160271048546, 0.032089732587337494, -0.0005606768536381423, 0.0045988839119672775, -0.031889233738183975, 0.019862305372953415, -0.024411482736468315, 0.006404941435903311, 0.01290867943316698, 0.023823345080018044, -0.016671739518642426, 0.0031503026839345694, 0.004543220158666372, -0.022100968286395073, -0.006254918873310089, -0.022058779373764992, 0.026242967694997787, 0.05973636358976364, 0.06922635436058044, -0.03763967007398605, 0.011979073286056519, -0.038791872560977936, 0.022366760298609734, 0.02803129144012928, -0.006586258765310049, -0.01904747076332569, -0.05908862501382828, 0.042260922491550446, -0.010198530741035938, 0.015038656070828438, 0.030646122992038727, -0.018374867737293243, 0.035089198499917984, -0.012746717780828476, -0.10221932083368301, -0.04973813518881798, 0.030272793024778366, -0.003523110644891858, -0.009669180028140545, -0.057139500975608826, 0.011656336486339569, 0.03978802263736725, 0.018483495339751244, -0.011739944107830524, 0.03191500902175903, 0.016759591177105904, 0.044427745044231415, 0.0263640359044075, -0.024461885914206505, -0.020655017346143723, 0.00311861140653491, -0.02927246503531933, 0.032880399376153946, -0.1038936898112297, -0.011316698975861073, -0.006553237792104483, 0.00996460672467947, -0.0021948933135718107, 0.005667973309755325, -0.004769255872815847, 0.017706308513879776, -0.005348673090338707, 0.04378203675150871, 0.029086612164974213, 0.0712655633687973, 0.000439747964264825, 0.062185049057006836, 0.019947079941630363, 0.004747272469103336, 0.019638167694211006, 0.010352322831749916, 0.04202983155846596, 0.02733234502375126, -0.033120036125183105, 0.003275503870099783, -0.04249367117881775, 0.05328237637877464, -0.007092587184160948, -0.026211559772491455, -0.0017005546251311898, -0.03806736692786217, -0.007808511145412922, 0.016342582181096077, 0.042745549231767654, -0.002132587367668748, -0.014441431500017643, 0.04297174513339996, -0.03597625717520714, -0.01973145641386509, -0.04045382887125015, -0.017967311665415764, 0.01125128474086523, -0.05823098123073578, 0.04248003661632538, 0.017514843493700027, 0.041480522602796555, -0.0074150292202830315, -0.02606997638940811, -0.023970279842615128, -0.011882415041327477, 0.04022907838225365, -0.06976757943630219, -0.0027054131496697664, 0.048869337886571884, 0.026426780968904495, -0.023632220923900604, 0.035533204674720764, -0.03400002792477608, -0.051810383796691895, 0.045398611575365067, -0.02192937582731247, 0.020783348008990288, 0.007148724049329758, -0.01664239726960659, 0.012712419033050537, 0.0035177981480956078, -0.025485344231128693, 0.08364886045455933, -0.05340748652815819, 0.0874047800898552, 0.05681569129228592, -0.009620162658393383, 0.015889087691903114, 0.017741288989782333, 0.014046098105609417, 0.003883541328832507, -0.02020587958395481, -0.01027855183929205, -0.0548064187169075, -0.006485316436737776, 0.03639243543148041, -0.004575212020426989, -0.04268041253089905, 0.03205184265971184, 0.043287575244903564, -0.0006786321173422039, -0.00012636571773327887, 0.006860437337309122, 0.0033122291788458824, -0.05557787045836449, 0.02042309381067753, 0.045561306178569794, 0.02776038460433483, 0.015580174513161182, 0.01894066110253334, -0.031296804547309875, 0.0451691597700119, 0.030032850801944733, 0.04144234582781792, 0.018143383786082268, 0.004402135964483023, 0.021507548168301582, 0.005104237236082554, -0.001837854622863233, 0.01920013688504696, -0.023120788857340813, -0.000161288509843871, 0.04947924613952637, 0.015226725488901138, 0.016377774998545647, 0.013184710405766964, 0.007849213667213917, 0.022602612152695656, 0.028972087427973747, -0.018667085096240044, -0.02088097296655178, 0.030575381591916084, -0.04231330379843712, 0.0035885486286133528, -0.03063906729221344, -0.035466354340314865, -0.008769734762609005, 0.0594329871237278, 0.004918038845062256, -0.019003817811608315, 0.026604104787111282, -0.02960793487727642, -0.0013301807921379805, -0.0026818448677659035, -0.015516676940023899, -0.008398694917559624, -0.00269462657161057, -0.05860959738492966, 0.02771703526377678, -0.037856027483940125, -0.0164413470774889, 0.008798021823167801, -0.0304338950663805, -0.010225535370409489, 0.04615948721766472, -0.004025555681437254, -0.02461163140833378, -0.011640205979347229, -0.06319724023342133, 0.0176991019397974, -0.020399419590830803, -0.05740262567996979, 0.03902989998459816, -0.017508240416646004, -0.036220528185367584, 0.04065391421318054, -0.011984743177890778, -0.033755261451005936, -0.03996969386935234, 0.0165701936930418, 0.04162738844752312, 0.011716695502400398, -0.021915050223469734, 0.03969096764922142, -0.013939831405878067, -0.03181697055697441, -0.03316541016101837, -0.04950060695409775, 0.022473115473985672, -0.0014424545224756002, 0.03204473853111267, -0.008611872792243958, -0.04880344122648239, 0.060804303735494614, 0.026263346895575523, -0.013433288782835007, -0.006334338802844286, -0.02454017847776413, -0.05635795369744301, -0.020959820598363876, 0.04762045666575432, 0.009148704819381237, 0.0024899602867662907, 0.017869148403406143, 0.019907251000404358, 0.04179266840219498, 0.043501388281583786, -0.021428121253848076, -0.03201645612716675, 0.0231118556112051, 0.025703204795718193, -0.017791427671909332, 0.04288366809487343, 0.044788382947444916, -0.004681362304836512, -0.004420723766088486, 0.006586554925888777, 0.013817263767123222, -0.006068941671401262, -0.04147076979279518, 0.03717523440718651, -0.006702035199850798, 0.007232156582176685, -0.05911930277943611, 0.05644191429018974, 0.05078534036874771, -0.01849665492773056, -0.01918611489236355, 0.02864096499979496, 0.03842318058013916, -0.019003963097929955, 0.016452616080641747, 0.05956755951046944, 0.050830066204071045, -0.02754189446568489, 0.0032905139960348606, -0.00017684799968264997, -0.020883671939373016, 0.01949336752295494, -0.020229661837220192, 0.000850682205054909, 0.037561941891908646, 0.034286774694919586, 0.0013340744189918041, -0.00483795115724206, -0.023711347952485085, 0.03699967637658119, -0.03982560709118843, 0.018334442749619484, -0.019282378256320953, 0.008950033225119114, -0.014983432367444038, 0.042950455099344254, 0.008038604632019997, -0.02128852903842926, -0.0063598621636629105, -0.01455665472894907, 0.015046085231006145, 0.02979191765189171, -0.005518177058547735, -0.012944241985678673, 0.0019005901413038373, -0.0638379454612732, -0.008198591880500317, -0.05343122407793999, 0.04346505180001259, -0.0014425748959183693, 0.037646230310201645, -0.025860579684376717, 0.02000742219388485, -0.02133197896182537, -0.014319561421871185, 0.022780295461416245, 0.029949411749839783, 0.006625759415328503, -0.028823809698224068, 0.02341904677450657, 0.025562820956110954, -0.004972547292709351, 0.013780562207102776, -0.009198128245770931, 0.0077958679758012295, 0.00801883451640606, 0.03280575945973396, -0.001638708752579987, 0.018874753266572952, -0.027759626507759094, 0.022500844672322273, -0.005600301083177328, 0.04271732643246651, 0.04195040091872215, -0.02029142528772354, -0.01249602809548378, -0.024323534220457077, -0.045524295419454575, -0.03392498940229416, 0.04489981383085251, -0.039716754108667374, -0.003047933802008629, 0.01171138882637024, 0.028307143598794937, -0.040809519588947296, 0.0035326459910720587, 0.05773678049445152, 0.011873366311192513, -0.0053267041221261024, -0.04110036417841911, -0.014008337631821632, -0.015512683428823948, -0.04085644334554672, 0.0005015694187022746, 0.005734386388212442, -0.02363601326942444, 0.02089829184114933, 0.04433979094028473, -0.005632222630083561, -0.05321810394525528, 0.001074806903488934, 0.016139209270477295, 0.04413711279630661, 0.0009769769385457039, 0.01269057672470808, 0.026360003277659416, 0.05663001537322998, 0.03873833641409874, 0.01912986859679222, 0.019801180809736252, -0.07235707342624664, 0.03399452567100525, 0.06523588299751282, 0.0431300550699234, -0.011825356632471085, 0.012914561666548252, -0.03916781768202782, 0.0028702463023364544, 0.012583008036017418, -0.052913960069417953, 0.024861693382263184, -0.03639986366033554, -0.01850106194615364, -0.04884425550699234, -0.029807239770889282, -0.043409693986177444, 0.008071521297097206, 0.0055675869807600975, 0.026229407638311386, 0.007046950049698353, -0.014360511675477028, -0.06058904901146889, -0.011034701019525528, 0.030514368787407875, 0.01718597300350666, -0.0469219833612442, -0.015173524618148804, -0.004660648759454489, 0.023722713813185692, -0.023240908980369568, -0.06435230374336243, 0.010895946063101292, -0.03973426669836044, -0.01304368581622839, 0.07139768451452255, -0.013560794293880463, -0.017635084688663483, 0.016945557668805122, -0.03716263920068741, -0.022816969081759453, -0.024138664826750755, -0.0019612079486250877, 0.03958848491311073, 0.03967060521245003, 0.029208296909928322, 0.044831860810518265, 0.016910981386899948, -0.004706669598817825, 0.02112623117864132, -0.028129130601882935, 0.021478455513715744, -0.028310086578130722, -0.027308641001582146, -0.03422670438885689, -0.03508773446083069, -0.03849787637591362, 0.00996694527566433, 0.032548803836107254, 0.0610010027885437, -0.002270558150485158, -0.0013872836716473103, 0.02290353551506996, 0.022590868175029755, 0.04024949669837952, 0.007754663471132517, -0.043164610862731934, 0.015024186111986637, -0.0016467069508507848, -0.014542492106556892, 0.04089679941534996, -0.022987911477684975, -0.018673565238714218, 0.030986305326223373, -0.02970000170171261, 0.032606422901153564, -0.04553551971912384, -0.027187597006559372, -0.006242777220904827, 0.0011949645122513175, -0.007850260473787785, 0.002355786506086588, 0.002979588694870472, 0.026545429602265358, -0.03439350798726082, -0.01787627674639225, 0.020608842372894287, -0.013504918664693832, 0.016002705320715904, -0.02213008515536785, 0.05789534002542496, -0.022974971681833267, 0.0001907737459987402, -0.07811134308576584, -0.03030683845281601, 0.0013652638299390674, -0.005109225399792194, -0.013152293860912323, -0.04832812398672104, -0.03100479766726494, 0.015794787555933, -0.007775770500302315, -0.014141569845378399, 0.05679246038198471, -0.006878513377159834, -0.030065787956118584, -0.042913708835840225, -0.008781327866017818, 0.11276683211326599, -0.03743615001440048, 0.007446762640029192, 0.012239610776305199, -0.03183886781334877, 0.0021351450122892857, 0.01714564487338066, 0.03707621991634369, -0.01866513304412365, -0.02110080048441887, -0.007480734959244728, 0.0037594931200146675, 0.012987666763365269, -0.007709996309131384, -0.007149589713662863, 0.03209691494703293, -0.013293622061610222, 0.0479862205684185, 0.003301187651231885, 0.0027574363630264997, -0.022803017869591713, 0.0028486510273069143, -0.023250378668308258, 0.05817298963665962, -0.021603897213935852, -0.007445787079632282, 0.038240909576416016, 0.004670214373618364, -0.020454302430152893, 0.01519906334578991, 0.08295691013336182, -0.036087602376937866, 0.0211095679551363, -0.008259830996394157, -0.07223722338676453, 0.026983102783560753, 0.03283177688717842, -0.020584657788276672, -0.02010209858417511, 0.020445644855499268, -0.010564246214926243, 0.014001321978867054, -0.010843850672245026, 0.004506575409322977, 0.040920257568359375, 0.008733788505196571, 0.04271053150296211, 0.033542193472385406, 0.01604059897363186, -0.0005691531696356833, -0.005782942287623882, 0.0190241951495409, 0.004258168861269951, -0.01143552828580141, 0.05768768489360809, 0.01708013005554676, 0.008444060571491718, 0.05009877681732178, 0.02757052332162857, 0.011731005273759365, 0.028304696083068848, 0.04863420128822327, 0.012399629689753056, 0.019587617367506027, -0.00345933367498219, -0.04585757106542587, 0.050261881202459335, -0.03620576485991478, 0.02695677988231182, -0.05104472115635872, -0.036899715662002563, 0.05789424106478691, 0.045900244265794754, -0.006918357685208321, -0.04680223390460014, -0.049057479947805405, -0.01752360537648201, 0.005078186746686697, 0.0068256426602602005, -0.0015461875591427088, 0.020445261150598526, 0.0031646876595914364, 0.04647253453731537, -0.012640798464417458, -0.009715425781905651, -0.023319661617279053, -0.08630764484405518, -0.04552232846617699, -0.012642676010727882, -0.05452113226056099, 0.02666999027132988, -0.030879611149430275, -0.0029980819672346115, -0.006504777353256941, -0.021258337423205376, 0.022697655484080315, -0.007997991517186165, 0.027206389233469963, -0.06497287005186081, 0.05880181863903999, -0.010538702830672264, 0.031919557601213455, 0.024623889476060867, -0.032153598964214325, 0.10777757316827774, 0.07592563331127167, 0.02945036254823208, -0.055070582777261734, 0.027572985738515854, -0.03933482989668846, 0.01578308641910553, -0.00725683756172657, 0.012089405208826065, 0.03437916561961174, -0.002559559652581811, 0.049400217831134796, 0.08110678941011429, 0.014910688623785973, -0.007542342878878117, 0.0659085214138031, -0.04052697494626045, 0.0033675720915198326, 0.028391392901539803, 0.03290621563792229, 0.015891551971435547, -0.011362745426595211, -0.005121360532939434, -0.014825871214270592, -0.00495542585849762, 0.025220222771167755, -0.011847532354295254, -0.027022678405046463, 0.018229229375720024, 0.01695801317691803, -0.0384487621486187, 0.0035216454416513443, 0.021883616223931313, -0.02739087864756584, -0.025471514090895653, -0.043364960700273514, 0.007084989454597235, -0.044364187866449356, 0.03185494244098663, 0.04907742887735367, -0.003453967859968543, 0.013761831447482109, -0.0034268489107489586, 0.017535921186208725, -0.037229377776384354, -0.0227268785238266, -0.009028458036482334, 0.031235555186867714, -0.006185175385326147, -0.00810923706740141, -0.015365460887551308, -0.013044901192188263, -0.029355503618717194, -0.04131642356514931, -0.03173615783452988, 0.004154010210186243, 0.01595180109143257, -0.03333155810832977, -0.022404083982110023, -0.04642290249466896, 0.027710169553756714, -0.00842797290533781, 0.055709321051836014, 0.017066655680537224, -0.0268542617559433, -0.01053384505212307, 0.007493681274354458, 0.044850751757621765, 0.02381330356001854, -0.0006571608828380704, -0.020338376984000206, -0.01938484236598015, -0.029399799183011055, -0.0021478007547557354, 0.0018955671694129705, -0.0056862179189920425, 0.02820644900202751, -0.026427237316966057, -0.038657717406749725, 0.006121902260929346, -0.02529054507613182, -0.001932833925820887, -0.03379030525684357, -0.0029207433108240366, -0.05717950686812401, -0.0008163935854099691, 0.07515694946050644, 0.0067350189201533794, 0.013652058318257332, 0.05036978796124458, -0.004155456088483334, 0.04916029050946236, -0.016595598310232162, -0.06667792052030563, 0.0013563266256824136, -0.006315008737146854, -0.03537560626864433, 0.010277977213263512, -0.052858322858810425, 0.03501010313630104, 0.02742576040327549, 0.03675459697842598, 0.0033077627886086702, -0.03906652331352234, 0.008024116046726704, 0.03307986259460449, 0.02616640366613865, -0.04416115954518318, -0.010724290274083614, 0.009786310605704784, 0.009093787521123886, -0.018517443910241127, -0.025327950716018677, -0.0532650388777256, -0.006213586311787367, -0.004961349070072174, 0.006169064436107874, -0.03200190141797066, -0.03594452515244484, -0.024415241554379463, 0.0069747199304401875, -0.022543950006365776, 0.010129308328032494, -0.04478626698255539, -0.011348892003297806, -0.01695571094751358, 0.0269435066729784, -0.0028054958675056696, 0.0060609569773077965, -0.028631651774048805, 0.0034213585313409567, 0.06572595983743668, 0.008439307101070881, -0.01156900729984045, 0.004383539780974388, 0.028406677767634392, 0.018171362578868866, 0.025673720985651016, -0.008442799560725689, -0.0190564151853323, 0.05762286111712456, -0.0334571972489357, -0.056131623685359955, 0.058004483580589294, -0.015087157487869263, 0.019455980509519577, 0.005819801241159439, -0.004493913147598505, -0.0432688370347023, 0.04915463179349899, -0.03823349252343178, -0.024279823526740074, -0.017424168065190315, 0.0076385620050132275, -0.0031926892697811127, -0.01284351758658886, 0.015028377994894981, -0.0023351237177848816, -0.02002408541738987, 0.017812365666031837, 0.018162131309509277, 0.00107830879278481, -0.012289048172533512, 0.004916641395539045, 0.02669542096555233, 0.031456805765628815, 0.0029094419442117214, -0.01516871526837349, 0.0366571806371212, 0.051894549280405045, -0.037536200135946274, 0.031191386282444, -0.03777097910642624, 0.004975424613803625, -0.08029330521821976, -0.015591029077768326, 0.01667140983045101, 0.018165772780776024, 0.05190872400999069, -0.044805530458688736, -0.021931281313300133, 0.031328387558460236, -0.037790827453136444, 0.022847892716526985, -0.011832092888653278, -0.019968463107943535, -0.05887855216860771, 0.00004758472277899273, -0.00814544502645731, 0.027760477736592293, 0.05458188056945801, -0.017718179151415825, 0.04091901704668999, 0.017125071957707405, 0.016474386677145958, 0.015403486788272858, 0.010388500057160854, 0.04190117120742798, 0.013346172869205475, -0.06358776241540909, 0.033455848693847656, -0.03513194993138313, -0.035285577178001404, 0.03416740149259567, 0.0071922591887414455, 0.008709308691322803, 0.0012914211256429553, 0.012826123274862766, -0.0011312848655506968, 0.029856843873858452, 0.03178272023797035, 0.02616972103714943, -0.04820454120635986, 0.0002356004115426913, 0.01744782365858555, 0.032984234392642975, -0.02893587201833725, -0.027927080169320107, 0.032255787402391434, -0.020681122317910194, -0.008261650800704956, 0.004752225708216429, -0.01572433114051819, -0.02706705406308174, 0.005567665211856365, 0.011392174288630486, 0.008927046321332455, 0.022645791992545128, 0.04888109490275383, -0.031594641506671906, 0.02173178270459175, 0.06279788911342621, 0.014667188748717308, -0.021644314751029015, 0.04339892417192459, -0.007116055116057396, -0.016435381025075912, -0.016538506373763084, 0.0027454975061118603, -0.0207865908741951, -0.07386461645364761, -0.014413207769393921, -0.01849311962723732, -0.0023926205467432737, -0.00598390307277441, -0.040545497089624405, -0.03194314241409302, 0.06622253358364105, -0.02512526512145996, 0.008028194308280945, 0.016455551609396935, 0.02108033560216427, -0.027981966733932495, -0.08348970860242844, 0.05863676965236664, 0.0041543603874742985, 0.0015738989459350705, -0.04887673631310463, -0.01659681834280491, -0.06275564432144165, 0.021524609997868538, 0.04306318238377571, 0.06152486801147461, 0.003533650189638138, -0.00843473058193922, -0.0018388780299574137, 0.026880864053964615, -0.09027424454689026, 0.008782360702753067, -0.020141808316111565, -0.02469257265329361, -0.009789388626813889, -0.0018326238496229053, 0.021414224058389664, -0.0047066714614629745, -0.0011605023173615336, -0.03532176464796066, 0.04420126974582672, 0.04025646671652794, 0.00020576146198436618, 0.030457986518740654, -0.0352514274418354, -0.004179195500910282, 0.013099417090415955, -0.017388006672263145, 0.01818804256618023, 0.021626802161335945, -0.020650789141654968, -0.061427198350429535, 0.03772797808051109, -0.035826463252305984, -0.0210246779024601, 0.03202957659959793, 0.0013238487299531698, -0.013839314691722393, -0.04961417242884636, 0.029734259471297264, -0.007954053580760956, -0.07475250959396362, 0.003645165590569377, -0.0018794052302837372, 0.01960470713675022, 0.023838240653276443, -0.03427163511514664, 0.051191914826631546, 0.0038962143007665873, -0.020409630611538887, 0.0062284753657877445, 0.02695852890610695, -0.035064131021499634, 0.018850086256861687, 0.006578843574970961, 0.009884065948426723, -0.016598911955952644, 0.023707907646894455, -0.009423298761248589, 0.04704800993204117, 0.008161031641066074, -0.036157846450805664, -0.005143909249454737, -0.01940654218196869, 0.004427060019224882, -0.012320904061198235, -0.0182694923132658, 0.009764434769749641, -0.02313290350139141, 0.020333992317318916, -0.01126145850867033, -0.029090924188494682, -0.03528354689478874, -0.02873350866138935, 0.020080309361219406, -0.0013205285649746656, -0.004242371767759323, 0.020859448239207268, -0.014218169264495373, 0.01627110317349434, 0.029322026297450066, -0.04340125620365143, 0.020247209817171097, -0.010577843524515629, -0.0033105697948485613, -0.03442397341132164, 0.003497723024338484, -0.05283890664577484, -0.0330764539539814, -0.0037966673262417316, 0.024804655462503433, 0.0350707545876503, -0.030632715672254562, -0.02124183624982834, 0.030175402760505676, 0.029354365542531013, -0.05402790755033493, -0.0024533800315111876, -0.043097179383039474, 0.024209225550293922, -0.024320261552929878, -0.032465677708387375 ]
<p>I am familiar with the debate surrounding Bates's decision to exclude p-values for mixed effects regression coefficients in lmer. However, I operate in a very p-value-focused discipline and am trying to clear something up. </p> <p>What are the degrees of freedom for group-level predictors in a two-level model? I can use pvals.fnc() to obtain p-values for these coefficients but something tells me it is way overestimating the degrees of freedom for the tests, using the individual-level sample size and not the group-level sample size. Any help would be greatly appreciated. </p>
44,232
[ -0.037105727940797806, -0.01590804196894169, -0.03362619876861572, -0.0009405109449289739, 0.019909711554646492, 0.03690211847424507, -0.024927865713834763, -0.011178206652402878, 0.011635949835181236, -0.04562662914395332, 0.0012684034882113338, 0.04401085525751114, 0.05934805050492287, 0.009158928878605366, -0.0005713276332244277, -0.010555102489888668, -0.002164986915886402, -0.00232887570746243, 0.01825634017586708, -0.018223905935883522, -0.04066212847828865, -0.0019089312991127372, -0.0006421301513910294, -0.016291268169879913, -0.04251706972718239, 0.07069530338048935, 0.019669601693749428, -0.04101171717047691, -0.013350926339626312, 0.032100576907396317, -0.020810404792428017, -0.0373314693570137, 0.0029327746015042067, 0.0008531512576155365, 0.006775402929633856, -0.026646940037608147, -0.04320347309112549, -0.0071312254294753075, -0.012622097507119179, 0.058492377400398254, -0.02137443795800209, -0.009065281599760056, 0.0022310903295874596, 0.0171018298715353, -0.004414423368871212, 0.015216628089547157, 0.005001685116440058, -0.006739419419318438, 0.04977960139513016, -0.015499941073358059, 0.07074666768312454, 0.002706778235733509, 0.019966725260019302, 0.031807318329811096, -0.05482388287782669, 0.0031187382992357016, 0.048602066934108734, 0.033103544265031815, -0.025218673050403595, -0.032051749527454376, -0.029391804710030556, -0.02812078595161438, 0.01636669971048832, -0.026803281158208847, -0.060090843588113785, -0.0076234666630625725, 0.025557976216077805, -0.033760420978069305, 0.026326943188905716, -0.00014416927297133952, 0.04724916070699692, 0.0014265056233853102, 0.07537835836410522, -0.025343410670757294, 0.035363540053367615, -0.03086639940738678, 0.055226873606443405, 0.024090973660349846, 0.027561375871300697, 0.05564388260245323, -0.025559283792972565, 0.024193698540329933, 0.048486728221178055, 0.021444378420710564, 0.01209503784775734, -0.049655716866254807, 0.04508666694164276, -0.017752986401319504, 0.000027987971407128498, 0.03478565067052841, -0.040813203901052475, -0.008169424720108509, 0.04240333288908005, 0.021292811259627342, -0.08253657817840576, 0.031064432114362717, -0.013695173896849155, 0.03931595757603645, 0.011336655355989933, -0.0017300932668149471, -0.02629902958869934, -0.06647468358278275, 0.0206805057823658, 0.07943397760391235, -0.016627155244350433, 0.01945139653980732, -0.02838933654129505, -0.008214201778173447, 0.014216527342796326, -0.015445566736161709, 0.005725806578993797, 0.02802114747464657, -0.029012251645326614, 0.0004435242444742471, 0.03214225172996521, -0.003301715711131692, -0.040650591254234314, -0.021683016791939735, 0.033637724816799164, 0.0530809685587883, 0.03877020999789238, -0.014998050406575203, 0.024262748658657074, -0.03327256441116333, -0.05543196201324463, 0.011951185762882233, 0.018937543034553528, -0.005361813586205244, -0.06209462136030197, 0.04887108877301216, 0.045147933065891266, -0.0026342282071709633, 0.037264514714479446, -0.007990213111042976, -0.013043110258877277, -0.03886687010526657, -0.05397011712193489, -0.049511685967445374, 0.01969004049897194, 0.000037411522498587146, 0.01407694723457098, -0.0597790889441967, -0.035668063908815384, -0.009013690054416656, 0.07580877840518951, -0.010335505940020084, 0.039723820984363556, 0.00305768521502614, 0.03328830748796463, -0.008577173575758934, -0.03650500252842903, 0.006497683469206095, -0.03940034657716751, -0.0174355898052454, -0.01372185256332159, -0.09862739592790604, 0.07633734494447708, 0.032828252762556076, -0.02163226716220379, 0.039187781512737274, 0.02969515696167946, -0.03356869891285896, -0.015985790640115738, -0.0186644047498703, -0.0014635694678872824, 0.016477398574352264, 0.04759730026125908, 0.010932610370218754, 0.03528013080358505, 0.012411115691065788, 0.01662062481045723, 0.02756255492568016, 0.002039416693150997, 0.056376680731773376, 0.025662565603852272, -0.0053565423004329205, 0.00976007990539074, -0.02792230248451233, 0.025622734799981117, 0.030627131462097168, -0.07424544543027878, 0.0023761428892612457, -0.002116582589223981, -0.014144491404294968, -0.006663482170552015, 0.022588612511754036, 0.010939167812466621, -0.021151289343833923, 0.03279180824756622, -0.048403386026620865, -0.03719480335712433, -0.07193451374769211, 0.012870894744992256, 0.006176120135933161, -0.04416463524103165, 0.011150644160807133, 0.007623318117111921, 0.027255486696958542, 0.00865846686065197, -0.008350805379450321, -0.04152356833219528, 0.011341437697410583, 0.024708876386284828, -0.06944767385721207, 0.029244106262922287, 0.04799425229430199, 0.06881088018417358, 0.0015624914085492492, 0.042979177087545395, -0.04069242998957634, -0.05656198412179947, 0.049773648381233215, -0.032323382794857025, 0.010300062596797943, 0.0069427634589374065, -0.018450988456606865, -0.008979149162769318, 0.007316151633858681, -0.02968372404575348, 0.013144860975444317, -0.05671811103820801, 0.04458681493997574, 0.07243688404560089, 0.0020711456891149282, 0.0019110450521111488, 0.014853222295641899, 0.005170473363250494, -0.018672749400138855, -0.05038635805249214, 0.007579439785331488, -0.03253255784511566, -0.019006308168172836, 0.02786116488277912, -0.0020921991672366858, -0.03406069055199623, 0.051100172102451324, 0.057386450469493866, 0.0013360626762732863, 0.013303299434483051, 0.006677087862044573, 0.0037843065802007914, -0.039129797369241714, 0.018800314515829086, 0.04186088591814041, 0.014537136070430279, 0.009326210245490074, 0.04130363091826439, 0.02910824678838253, 0.022877458482980728, 0.002346519147977233, -0.019812466576695442, 0.0276371780782938, 0.011148256249725819, 0.015292315743863583, -0.03436683490872383, -0.015746640041470528, 0.039830271154642105, -0.04754427447915077, 0.006369482725858688, 0.04699888825416565, 0.031079476699233055, -0.009353111498057842, -0.00747018214315176, -0.02925354801118374, 0.015063549391925335, 0.0401107519865036, -0.02851990796625614, -0.0037763689178973436, 0.03126902878284454, -0.014399498701095581, -0.016284190118312836, -0.029940253123641014, -0.015866456553339958, -0.05259100720286369, 0.0009202359360642731, 0.016578860580921173, -0.04291588068008423, 0.009940492920577526, -0.013094482943415642, -0.008746183477342129, -0.005818977020680904, 0.0205893162637949, 0.0355846993625164, -0.04123039171099663, -0.06206604465842247, -0.0010200435062870383, 0.0039522647857666016, -0.0024607242085039616, 0.010653465054929256, 0.010210689157247543, -0.010765633545815945, 0.010294325649738312, -0.022045163437724113, -0.06464174389839172, -0.03728930279612541, 0.007611140608787537, 0.001084313029423356, -0.013332605361938477, -0.020164048299193382, -0.009629365988075733, 0.008160391822457314, -0.004505599848926067, 0.010921373963356018, -0.03820498660206795, 0.007700072601437569, -0.03712073713541031, -0.0075217136181890965, -0.013203534297645092, 0.010536771267652512, -0.011037072166800499, 0.01015389896929264, -0.029316969215869904, 0.0006193246808834374, -0.04061047360301018, -0.06080862134695053, 0.023689428344368935, 0.019407831132411957, 0.026780102401971817, -0.012935508042573929, 0.012115990743041039, 0.09987330436706543, 0.007460413966327906, -0.008775953203439713, -0.04121251404285431, -0.0407237634062767, -0.022282466292381287, 0.01634153537452221, 0.03801334276795387, 0.008298730477690697, 0.0505736768245697, 0.037823449820280075, -0.06917331367731094, 0.00635877437889576, 0.0366843044757843, -0.01636875793337822, 0.007610563188791275, 0.0357985720038414, -0.0003022606251761317, -0.009602989070117474, 0.018545109778642654, 0.015155525878071785, 0.005307456012815237, 0.04394607990980148, 0.006037053652107716, 0.02913554385304451, -0.026026731356978416, -0.039377763867378235, -0.0065705846063792706, -0.007104287855327129, 0.007236857898533344, -0.0391654372215271, 0.020527489483356476, -0.0038344557397067547, -0.01403100322932005, 0.0031618664506822824, 0.006998108234256506, 0.05451083928346634, -0.015380463562905788, -0.026701726019382477, 0.014675135724246502, 0.0222945474088192, 0.023836174979805946, -0.005116073880344629, 0.036583032459020615, 0.010133696720004082, 0.05992060899734497, -0.01876288838684559, -0.015714414417743683, 0.03644481301307678, 0.035702865570783615, 0.006292241625487804, 0.004499420057982206, -0.06781961023807526, 0.023945245891809464, -0.04281563684344292, 0.027348432689905167, -0.04606512188911438, 0.04725894331932068, -0.04415612667798996, 0.04156012088060379, 0.045694153755903244, -0.01768866553902626, -0.020330220460891724, 0.0024191932752728462, -0.009160584770143032, 0.027398671954870224, 0.000271931552561, -0.0017871919553726912, -0.008846597746014595, 0.027730576694011688, 0.023059871047735214, -0.03897661715745926, 0.00852105114609003, -0.0023424478713423014, 0.03479620814323425, 0.026706334203481674, 0.011970647610723972, -0.01981303282082081, -0.005543675273656845, -0.00513039343059063, 0.03152657672762871, 0.010715324431657791, 0.013959343545138836, 0.02819633297622204, 0.0627766102552414, -0.015254756435751915, -0.004802239593118429, -0.017951849848031998, -0.0015905250329524279, 0.0056938109919428825, 0.047491829842329025, 0.042582280933856964, -0.018963636830449104, -0.05227068439126015, 0.021455762907862663, -0.0039002534467726946, 0.02578459121286869, 0.05051722750067711, -0.016993429511785507, -0.03361204266548157, 0.00277550402097404, -0.015776926651597023, 0.032221753150224686, 0.011103146709501743, -0.009598013944923878, 0.024249130859971046, 0.06694985926151276, 0.02181258425116539, -0.058262210339307785, 0.025712737813591957, 0.07002779841423035, 0.018777966499328613, 0.008601340465247631, -0.04426382854580879, 0.01151392050087452, 0.035280343145132065, -0.016682924702763557, 0.023486021906137466, -0.02239292487502098, 0.025458326563239098, -0.009158817119896412, 0.05579192936420441, -0.002143197925761342, -0.044361378997564316, -0.014867743477225304, 0.01624111644923687, 0.013076969422399998, -0.008480096235871315, -0.009018654003739357, 0.02342810481786728, 0.05101458728313446, 0.037085045129060745, 0.04174724221229553, 0.010955413803458214, -0.06846980005502701, 0.014418750070035458, 0.016972394660115242, 0.046237558126449585, -0.02218426577746868, -0.00023844311363063753, -0.00020707254589069635, 0.0033670631237328053, 0.001886927057057619, -0.021038521081209183, 0.014815461821854115, 0.002445081016048789, -0.00005974154555588029, -0.018921613693237305, -0.07279909402132034, -0.057469792664051056, 0.002533160150051117, -0.01980924792587757, 0.007926390506327152, -0.026020335033535957, -0.03720216825604439, -0.019793204963207245, 0.011542733758687973, -0.008987979032099247, 0.03505031019449234, -0.03253152221441269, -0.00764582771807909, -0.004761621821671724, 0.026563478633761406, -0.022148067131638527, -0.0369989387691021, 0.03377893939614296, -0.019417528063058853, 0.04495341330766678, 0.07974463701248169, -0.01259177178144455, -0.007365812547504902, 0.012990396469831467, 0.024283306673169136, -0.008331174030900002, -0.016127360984683037, -0.00895654410123825, 0.059482038021087646, 0.03669004887342453, 0.031914543360471725, 0.0883023589849472, 0.023036761209368706, -0.009075041860342026, 0.0033663695212453604, -0.03445737436413765, 0.039995282888412476, -0.012784767895936966, -0.044184133410453796, -0.05621208995580673, -0.013870298862457275, -0.0027634205762296915, 0.04096658155322075, 0.015581448562443256, 0.03348314389586449, -0.025536656379699707, -0.04604960232973099, 0.0023994070943444967, 0.04202970489859581, 0.01905902847647667, -0.013398630544543266, 0.018803264945745468, 0.04694531112909317, -0.0014006488490849733, -0.01987985149025917, 0.06237586960196495, -0.046795085072517395, 0.0045000468380749226, 0.011131496168673038, -0.050716038793325424, 0.013685090467333794, -0.00983348023146391, -0.06141069158911705, -0.01680343598127365, -0.03211129829287529, 0.022943906486034393, 0.007902974262833595, 0.03163173794746399, -0.03767281398177147, -0.032141875475645065, 0.006915943697094917, 0.008653542026877403, -0.002755188848823309, 0.03934630751609802, -0.03237651661038399, 0.0193859301507473, 0.005104226525872946, -0.0081090796738863, -0.10449893027544022, -0.04588855430483818, 0.00905095785856247, 0.025304540991783142, -0.01690899394452572, -0.044841889292001724, 0.00690269423648715, -0.04523559659719467, 0.0012242740485817194, 0.02917053923010826, 0.09173914790153503, -0.011899073608219624, 0.004994004964828491, -0.027707427740097046, 0.03873085975646973, 0.07906968146562576, 0.014370357617735863, -0.02336513064801693, 0.030356796458363533, -0.0233219712972641, 0.007500705774873495, 0.010050460696220398, 0.009769383817911148, -0.03949057683348656, 0.03187121823430061, -0.01539386622607708, -0.0015772165497764945, 0.05470104143023491, -0.017407873645424843, -0.07043662667274475, 0.018692201003432274, -0.0014524842845275998, -0.0017069460591301322, -0.009678374975919724, -0.002659208606928587, -0.04625597968697548, 0.010047614574432373, 0.0028682525735348463, 0.03840894624590874, -0.02908528596162796, -0.01552695780992508, 0.008042532950639725, -0.005039997398853302, -0.022623227909207344, 0.013079050928354263, 0.06823357939720154, 0.004782236181199551, 0.0308406800031662, -0.012358062900602818, -0.006838723551481962, 0.03308466076850891, 0.01916051283478737, 0.0024844538420438766, -0.0081019327044487, 0.04244324564933777, -0.017666850239038467, -0.049495503306388855, -0.00587806012481451, 0.011183053255081177, 0.04543678089976311, 0.014652942307293415, 0.036076270043849945, 0.025514913722872734, 0.0061523341573774815, -0.0052922917529940605, -0.033444344997406006, -0.005701122805476189, 0.024516697973012924, 0.020868053659796715, 0.04629460349678993, -0.04776671901345253, -0.02872835472226143, 0.015558254905045033, 0.018665840849280357, 0.013008910231292248, 0.0028572282753884792, 0.03660548850893974, 0.00038397079333662987, 0.013216190971434116, -0.05798496678471565, -0.028976188972592354, 0.05008460581302643, -0.03345432132482529, -0.005045831669121981, -0.03357473388314247, -0.00023002106172498316, 0.03545709699392319, 0.03740530088543892, 0.02881639264523983, -0.04297512397170067, -0.045697856694459915, -0.04459930956363678, -0.0029694230761379004, 0.02734527550637722, -0.015925893560051918, 0.024644378572702408, -0.05423790588974953, 0.04738600552082062, 0.012245012447237968, 0.0030692836735397577, -0.016481054946780205, -0.061197057366371155, -0.031119080260396004, -0.019691774621605873, -0.0023046969436109066, 0.012314513325691223, -0.00983893871307373, -0.003789298702031374, 0.007648130878806114, -0.03163072466850281, 0.014759006910026073, -0.022757064551115036, 0.046293776482343674, -0.01867135427892208, 0.03350218012928963, -0.009917969815433025, 0.03563185781240463, -0.025682279840111732, -0.05096498131752014, 0.10771004855632782, 0.0506480447947979, 0.0371256023645401, -0.08526146411895752, 0.02107793092727661, 0.015031656250357628, -0.01841406151652336, 0.02628321759402752, -0.0014573140069842339, -0.0023341048508882523, -0.013909799978137016, 0.034598927944898605, 0.08615685254335403, 0.04234003648161888, -0.003817835124209523, 0.061399903148412704, -0.029302923008799553, 0.008761581964790821, -0.0015696837799623609, 0.006535688880831003, 0.0022450212854892015, -0.034205980598926544, -0.02562953345477581, -0.03904504328966141, 0.018605787307024002, -0.011808057315647602, 0.002680288627743721, -0.003740956075489521, 0.01901596412062645, -0.011723325587809086, -0.028263097628951073, -0.027164120227098465, 0.004213318694382906, 0.0009597955504432321, -0.017828045412898064, -0.011152088642120361, -0.013026823289692402, -0.016425466164946556, 0.0044996063224971294, 0.05457621440291405, -0.03557421267032623, -0.029633130878210068, -0.0059203533455729485, 0.0011209668591618538, -0.04120461642742157, -0.04373324662446976, 0.008283755742013454, 0.03251110762357712, -0.04727671667933464, -0.022792771458625793, 0.004830488003790379, -0.002842867746949196, -0.01380730327218771, -0.031981877982616425, -0.013060715980827808, 0.02812938019633293, 0.03139982372522354, 0.003509090980514884, -0.007168726064264774, -0.033735137432813644, 0.00860165897756815, -0.004359204787760973, 0.029738081619143486, 0.022328412160277367, -0.02835049480199814, -0.019939320161938667, 0.003904009237885475, 0.03350609168410301, 0.008282452821731567, 0.012154401279985905, 0.006476262118667364, -0.015558548271656036, -0.052673399448394775, -0.013767426833510399, 0.015063765458762646, 0.024930724874138832, 0.02154676429927349, -0.011650124564766884, -0.0003344748984090984, -0.07363566011190414, -0.04326091334223747, 0.022818446159362793, -0.06063753738999367, -0.0129019133746624, -0.02300366200506687, 0.00886384304612875, 0.0586157888174057, 0.021555889397859573, -0.000540845503564924, 0.013199357315897942, -0.013345316052436829, 0.02752520702779293, 0.0022887710947543383, -0.07813158631324768, -0.01219768077135086, 0.004985248204320669, -0.04287150874733925, 0.014928825199604034, 0.02844453975558281, 0.0607166588306427, -0.021137043833732605, 0.010731641203165054, -0.02223510667681694, 0.014123153872787952, -0.009916853159666061, -0.0020451867021620274, 0.03493048995733261, -0.03855559602379799, -0.003970709629356861, 0.04809318482875824, -0.004560105502605438, 0.006056658457964659, -0.013159706257283688, -0.05733628198504448, -0.042886316776275635, 0.023127730935811996, -0.049196161329746246, -0.03587329015135765, 0.012942332774400711, 0.00039377299253828824, -0.0036168121732771397, -0.009939923882484436, 0.002767727244645357, -0.012997396290302277, -0.04481836035847664, 0.03604169562458992, -0.009201946668326855, 0.0008927853778004646, 0.030919475480914116, -0.02164551243185997, 0.005420437548309565, 0.01543622836470604, 0.038804225623607635, 0.03505557030439377, -0.013197598047554493, 0.026713088154792786, -0.009112671948969364, 0.05891907587647438, 0.027720468118786812, -0.0487666092813015, 0.005603890400379896, -0.029352502897381783, -0.05247628316283226, 0.007937162183225155, 0.02272788994014263, 0.019315168261528015, 0.02756764553487301, -0.0035656180698424578, -0.010767851024866104, 0.020945733413100243, -0.06195945665240288, -0.045859016478061676, -0.033292487263679504, 0.013907023705542088, 0.027776140719652176, -0.012652197852730751, -0.010454190894961357, -0.03048633225262165, -0.009893715381622314, 0.04137307405471802, 0.04454154148697853, -0.0032875200267881155, -0.022886278107762337, -0.02253584749996662, -0.03297213092446327, 0.06273447722196579, 0.03139396384358406, 0.0035183855798095465, 0.028429027646780014, 0.007905660197138786, -0.0024451441131532192, 0.026264937594532967, 0.018202876672148705, 0.023208703845739365, -0.08596829324960709, -0.06468852609395981, 0.0030307970009744167, 0.04132051393389702, 0.002703191712498665, -0.03391159698367119, -0.006632860749959946, 0.025561530143022537, -0.07064644992351532, -0.013521958142518997, -0.011783365160226822, -0.010271388106048107, -0.03213942050933838, -0.016247771680355072, -0.046663492918014526, 0.015546845272183418, -0.020173950120806694, 0.005136549472808838, 0.02690686285495758, -0.01884450390934944, 0.014224156737327576, -0.03423687443137169, 0.0006124392966739833, -0.020279495045542717, 0.02362918108701706, -0.056131407618522644, 0.026632491499185562, -0.05718427151441574, -0.059499844908714294, 0.03244595602154732, 0.012354668229818344, 0.028521530330181122, -0.0030830767937004566, 0.035387445241212845, 0.032990362495183945, 0.04769672080874443, 0.04626494646072388, 0.013309909030795097, -0.027885036543011665, 0.0038024408277124166, -0.008945230394601822, 0.040056370198726654, -0.01970990188419819, -0.023326348513364792, -0.031291890889406204, 0.0009951813844963908, 0.0028688486199826, -0.00028202339308336377, -0.028245722874999046, -0.01029107067734003, 0.00512229697778821, -0.019298821687698364, -0.044266477227211, -0.01117667742073536, 0.026770364493131638, -0.036590978503227234, -0.017305027693510056, 0.040711384266614914, 0.06067507714033127, -0.029514260590076447, 0.0022339418064802885, 0.008672493509948254, -0.04756162315607071, -0.0038809736724942923, -0.007868251763284206, -0.010322283953428268, -0.031383223831653595, 0.006612387485802174, 0.0073617976158857346, 0.012140241451561451, -0.026354657486081123, 0.019932780414819717, -0.0564379021525383, 0.003644772106781602, -0.034584593027830124, 0.028052592650055885, -0.023618826642632484, -0.0009308271110057831, 0.04124144837260246, -0.07252303510904312, 0.053591132164001465, -0.007346939295530319, 0.015396233648061752, -0.024134185165166855, -0.006620714906603098, -0.014504990540444851, 0.032908160239458084, 0.054017674177885056, 0.010418569669127464, 0.02011723257601261, -0.005784795619547367, 0.00442541716620326, 0.005319636780768633, -0.03045819140970707, 0.03157701715826988, -0.0035519537050276995, 0.01196560263633728, -0.05026895925402641, -0.014596243388950825, -0.008885974064469337, -0.03645262122154236, 0.04468327388167381, -0.0007336928974837065, 0.0031652634497731924, -0.022191746160387993, 0.008376268669962883, 0.05251019075512886, -0.001235007424838841, -0.012044348753988743, 0.05592081695795059, 0.02707919292151928, 0.023692235350608826, 0.032192934304475784, 0.015496811829507351, -0.03403661772608757, 0.03419969603419304, 0.0041718389838933945, -0.017200786620378494, 0.0386539101600647, 0.06175554171204567, -0.008773106150329113, -0.037086620926856995, 0.044013384729623795, 0.013001902028918266, -0.05391642078757286, 0.0021987895015627146, 0.044321347028017044, 0.024576827883720398, 0.009144608862698078, 0.0021703566890209913, 0.027804389595985413, 0.04474461451172829, -0.030697504058480263, 0.01461525447666645, 0.014240783639252186, 0.06445208936929703, 0.016079669818282127, 0.0000045922720346425194, 0.04265723377466202, -0.018138078972697258, 0.03296701982617378, -0.006986788008362055, 0.03536553308367729, -0.028301896527409554, -0.022509843111038208, 0.015592856332659721, 0.02248968370258808, 0.04649606719613075, 0.010763294994831085, -0.006637603044509888, 0.05771363899111748, -0.038992881774902344, 0.003883760655298829, -0.06470207124948502, -0.023773962631821632, 0.004903482273221016, -0.014699586667120457, 0.04200543090701103, 0.019841032102704048, 0.004928897134959698, 0.010475343093276024, -0.012496854178607464, -0.07483259588479996, 0.02028641477227211, -0.01655322127044201, 0.01129516027867794, -0.005531893577426672, -0.0031582375522702932, -0.017168372869491577, 0.0037854856345802546, -0.02044081874191761, -0.018052658066153526, 0.007942733354866505, 0.004281109664589167, 0.02063947543501854, -0.043496157974004745, -0.01036619208753109, 0.007353918626904488, 0.03365473449230194, -0.03398705646395683, -0.03143761307001114, -0.0337284579873085, 0.028884684666991234, -0.019815197214484215, -0.0050201136618852615 ]
<h3>Context</h3> <p>I have two processes that each emit an event at various times:</p> <pre><code>Times that event A occurs: 1, 15, 47, 73, 108 Times that event B occurs: 2, 18, 75, 90, 112, 140 </code></pre> <p>I suspect that there is a weak causal relationship from A to B</p> <ul> <li>Process B is sometimes triggered by process A (note B-2 after A-1, B-18 after A-15, B-75 after A-73 ...). </li> <li>But not always (note that A-47 is not followed by an event in B)</li> <li>And B also has its own independent events (like B-90 and B-140)</li> </ul> <h3>Question</h3> <p>What are some principled ways to model this relationship? Note that I want to capture both the delay (about 1-3 time units in this case) and a strength of connection (B usually follows A somewhat strongly here). Actual event streams may be far less strongly connected. </p>
74,070
[ -0.011244057677686214, -0.02129405178129673, -0.000625705171842128, 0.013550685718655586, 0.0138826509937644, -0.0027854223735630512, 0.01556927990168333, 0.018289925530552864, 0.05265241488814354, 0.015016633085906506, 0.029624246060848236, 0.038567908108234406, 0.01842018961906433, -0.006127283442765474, 0.0017442567041143775, -0.005776409991085529, 0.024742959067225456, -0.00919722206890583, 0.009899353608489037, -0.03593311458826065, 0.006506439298391342, -0.001396946026943624, 0.025272192433476448, -0.014642531983554363, -0.03692513331770897, 0.05227786302566528, 0.023419415578246117, -0.00804842822253704, -0.017387334257364273, 0.036471206694841385, -0.018958359956741333, -0.055850397795438766, -0.011992319487035275, 0.050426580011844635, 0.011571892537176609, 0.009765413589775562, -0.03592110797762871, -0.03796596825122833, -0.0010786005295813084, 0.010571865364909172, -0.043649036437273026, 0.014185803011059761, -0.04341417923569679, 0.05839291960000992, -0.06790095567703247, 0.0049619828350842, -0.014751751907169819, -0.009391333907842636, 0.024287182837724686, -0.01661067269742489, 0.040723007172346115, -0.02770593762397766, 0.06798063218593597, -0.011352412402629852, -0.03917253762483597, -0.020372943952679634, 0.08812009543180466, 0.05950874835252762, 0.014723855070769787, -0.04511823132634163, -0.01131446473300457, -0.028788074851036072, 0.012382527813315392, 0.00816152524203062, -0.014750570058822632, 0.007838062010705471, -0.01657172292470932, -0.04186897352337837, 0.008274414576590061, -0.019619125872850418, 0.03142491728067398, -0.014436167664825916, 0.05925998464226723, -0.008351484313607216, 0.02647765353322029, -0.0354582704603672, 0.016883814707398415, 0.018787335604429245, 0.046581465750932693, 0.04764828458428383, -0.031115086749196053, 0.005657809786498547, 0.01729671284556389, 0.012358338572084904, 0.015597858466207981, -0.0429893396794796, 0.08901810646057129, -0.03087065927684307, -0.004471490625292063, 0.007711608894169331, -0.049036648124456406, 0.0025093911681324244, 0.014853124506771564, 0.008139883168041706, -0.025048628449440002, 0.030340641736984253, -0.013364734128117561, 0.03630908951163292, 0.02391216903924942, -0.00965937227010727, -0.04123810678720474, -0.07518235594034195, 0.020177308470010757, 0.07100050896406174, -0.015941958874464035, 0.021162124350667, -0.034852996468544006, -0.00222294544801116, -0.030197421088814735, -0.0084596648812294, -0.03584602475166321, 0.015200330875813961, 0.019711555913090706, -0.0037739260587841272, 0.0015971139073371887, -0.01582701876759529, -0.032845575362443924, -0.013275670818984509, 0.0160222165286541, 0.04947876185178757, 0.07398246228694916, -0.0651586502790451, 0.0043398127891123295, -0.020319845527410507, -0.03949377313256264, -0.015751469880342484, 0.015473050996661186, -0.031844861805438995, -0.021877720952033997, 0.05606914311647415, 0.021408800035715103, -0.022126883268356323, 0.016867173835635185, -0.02579422853887081, 0.029610466212034225, 0.011596639640629292, -0.0890902504324913, -0.06851454824209213, 0.04098393768072128, -0.010860719718039036, -0.03964562714099884, -0.05019332841038704, 0.0014851063024252653, 0.0620926097035408, 0.0853118970990181, 0.0020684711635112762, -0.005841367412358522, -0.0064153773710131645, 0.001885057776235044, 0.006915670353919268, -0.00951085239648819, 0.0053254091180861, 0.004083211068063974, 0.0013459048932418227, -0.021728184074163437, -0.04263740032911301, 0.00789804756641388, 0.03547126054763794, -0.03595107048749924, 0.0013767116470262408, 0.06611105799674988, 0.03358741104602814, 0.010630267672240734, 0.007903083227574825, 0.04790126904845238, -0.06775747984647751, 0.06545165181159973, -0.013332939706742764, -0.0165938101708889, 0.00724209938198328, 0.03176325559616089, 0.026217879727482796, 0.03337197005748749, 0.0334739163517952, 0.026321452111005783, -0.006253191269934177, 0.0055717043578624725, 0.03141675144433975, -0.02173176221549511, 0.02413873001933098, -0.03032899834215641, -0.045898694545030594, -0.037458911538124084, 0.012553658336400986, 0.01557105965912342, 0.026947172358632088, -0.0007373444968834519, 0.007326820399612188, 0.045335859060287476, -0.008509855717420578, -0.03320655599236488, -0.05603878200054169, 0.031304240226745605, 0.009745582938194275, -0.034933336079120636, 0.041598279029130936, -0.018979713320732117, 0.016486046835780144, 0.007685680408030748, -0.03835533559322357, -0.019436806440353394, -0.021113716065883636, 0.039484862238168716, -0.03977540507912636, -0.00794109795242548, 0.05608154088258743, 0.053532056510448456, -0.007233182899653912, 0.03424688056111336, -0.014286844059824944, -0.05555872991681099, -0.006602213252335787, -0.0215193722397089, -0.0011540238047018647, -0.026378208771348, -0.034209273755550385, -0.012670110911130905, -0.051223672926425934, -0.033368661999702454, 0.0033684498630464077, -0.07330651581287384, 0.09099368005990982, 0.05090063810348511, 0.022658858448266983, -0.01510097086429596, 0.029903806746006012, 0.07156161218881607, 0.01344151608645916, -0.02719900570809841, -0.04340869560837746, -0.040425725281238556, -0.027961082756519318, 0.02341557666659355, 0.014802863821387291, -0.02386273443698883, 0.014514586888253689, 0.011616900563240051, 0.035674870014190674, -0.02037961594760418, 0.03360164538025856, -0.011171071790158749, 0.01182112842798233, 0.011513096280395985, 0.023702170699834824, 0.02622923254966736, 0.0019231977639719844, 0.02621978148818016, -0.006695872638374567, 0.015459555201232433, -0.029669400304555893, -0.006652046460658312, 0.01899103634059429, 0.012301101349294186, -0.01826883852481842, -0.006264091935008764, -0.003157507861033082, 0.06103213503956795, -0.008125643245875835, 0.031262289732694626, 0.009606723673641682, -0.010568871162831783, 0.017973333597183228, 0.032402653247117996, -0.027116086333990097, 0.02442152239382267, 0.004357259254902601, -0.031457845121622086, 0.015052184462547302, 0.03318973258137703, -0.01670036092400551, 0.019196540117263794, -0.028863705694675446, -0.011464763432741165, -0.027835648506879807, 0.006643136031925678, 0.007858186028897762, 0.018855400383472443, 0.03643336892127991, -0.05572700500488281, -0.02563633769750595, -0.007539310492575169, -0.011760631576180458, -0.0029604369774460793, 0.005748318042606115, -0.029357891529798508, 0.026724813506007195, 0.04123568534851074, 0.006608896888792515, 0.003384074429050088, -0.007161106448620558, -0.023005880415439606, -0.00755451712757349, -0.014869042672216892, -0.04550850763916969, -0.04202503710985184, 0.0007140421075746417, 0.01888369582593441, -0.035656508058309555, -0.020626649260520935, 0.06313887238502502, 0.01654784567654133, -0.07356494665145874, 0.03160291537642479, -0.02120278589427471, 0.005168144591152668, -0.0047841458581388, 0.00860658660531044, 0.011619925498962402, -0.02622295543551445, 0.0034338373225182295, 0.027590448036789894, -0.05258939787745476, -0.014103075489401817, -0.048810698091983795, -0.08690893650054932, 0.024256931617856026, -0.02085462212562561, 0.029670145362615585, 0.027734125033020973, -0.044780466705560684, 0.048338744789361954, 0.027426181361079216, -0.005989846307784319, -0.04565137252211571, -0.015092520974576473, -0.014338965527713299, -0.02877742238342762, 0.022689789533615112, 0.025584274902939796, 0.0048017376102507114, -0.016713207587599754, 0.019148094579577446, 0.014347671531140804, 0.066256083548069, 0.01923309825360775, -0.017857586964964867, 0.026476923376321793, 0.013874133117496967, -0.023267611861228943, -0.0016299823764711618, 0.03344348073005676, -0.012889073230326176, 0.016853000968694687, -0.042526908218860626, 0.007910400629043579, 0.03132258355617523, -0.030003657564520836, -0.0075285607017576694, 0.020552299916744232, -0.005578680895268917, -0.012266786769032478, -0.008046429604291916, -0.03997710347175598, -0.020551735535264015, -0.034250445663928986, 0.03813199698925018, 0.039325498044490814, -0.01677493005990982, 0.000003677372887977981, 0.06698033958673477, 0.03844462335109711, -0.01564701274037361, -0.051001813262701035, -0.02394169382750988, -0.03559436276555061, 0.018326014280319214, 0.0008218142902478576, 0.027202581986784935, 0.024015355855226517, 0.013057452626526356, 0.015660211443901062, 0.005422680173069239, -0.034758370369672775, -0.05447418987751007, -0.07394920289516449, 0.016398731619119644, -0.03931593894958496, 0.034868430346250534, -0.005915607791393995, 0.03852815926074982, 0.014525029808282852, -0.010207480750977993, 0.02773704007267952, -0.010836617089807987, -0.07190843671560287, 0.016828268766403198, -0.006638680584728718, -0.020736144855618477, 0.016353977844119072, -0.0068396516144275665, 0.005233619827777147, -0.04155157878994942, 0.012853337451815605, -0.03202792629599571, 0.017951544374227524, -0.04995531961321831, -0.015185053460299969, -0.030768323689699173, -0.008646541275084019, -0.023312564939260483, -0.04561666026711464, 0.03304360434412956, -0.0036274909507483244, 0.04061628878116608, 0.04865662753582001, -0.017508354038000107, -0.02566748484969139, -0.025112491101026535, -0.021454032510519028, -0.008252287283539772, 0.02877647802233696, 0.013496991246938705, 0.03849629685282707, -0.04221614450216293, 0.018174005672335625, 0.014247488230466843, 0.01773068495094776, 0.05916370451450348, 0.0039466796442866325, 0.007145804353058338, -0.038165148347616196, -0.02042665146291256, 0.035244300961494446, 0.0793892964720726, 0.018902214244008064, -0.017999544739723206, 0.01597627066075802, 0.00007347631617449224, -0.04576335847377777, 0.021556353196501732, 0.05978770554065704, 0.02677125670015812, -0.02904585748910904, -0.03745661675930023, 0.009649708867073059, 0.03351360186934471, -0.004862704314291477, -0.0018249335698783398, 0.023876473307609558, 0.015021673403680325, -0.01323869451880455, 0.004399504046887159, 0.006679294165223837, -0.003338227514177561, -0.009380697272717953, 0.016083447262644768, 0.04311566799879074, 0.016873208805918694, -0.039365775883197784, 0.018423892557621002, 0.06719381362199783, 0.029697077348828316, 0.0458102822303772, 0.01983301341533661, -0.11377813667058945, -0.007045787293463945, 0.04077047482132912, 0.024610603228211403, 0.016159269958734512, -0.006126112770289183, -0.041017401963472366, -0.010386592708528042, 0.03961530700325966, -0.004952619783580303, 0.037649691104888916, -0.002921267179772258, 0.017818689346313477, -0.026256658136844635, -0.052824147045612335, -0.004516559187322855, 0.04064200446009636, -0.01780279353260994, 0.03240415081381798, -0.020443206652998924, -0.046993739902973175, -0.03696000576019287, 0.019262338057160378, 0.00941943097859621, 0.042649947106838226, 0.0014899602392688394, -0.03490731865167618, -0.02762538567185402, 0.01225390937179327, 0.00002001240136451088, -0.04997245594859123, 0.02103397063910961, -0.0014839343493804336, -0.0035208554472774267, 0.034393247216939926, -0.008092917501926422, 0.014381054788827896, -0.004675743635743856, -0.008769492618739605, 0.005296975374221802, -0.0016732750227674842, 0.00155545340385288, 0.08633103966712952, 0.02237887494266033, 0.011180124245584011, 0.03031962364912033, 0.026294102892279625, -0.019139600917696953, -0.012728694826364517, 0.00011174949031556025, 0.005362648516893387, -0.023661896586418152, -0.001024506171233952, -0.022156737744808197, -0.000046921650209696963, -0.03052341938018799, 0.04005875438451767, 0.01914958283305168, 0.00029091292526572943, 0.008804569952189922, -0.014226808212697506, -0.0038299683947116137, 0.023859988898038864, -0.024380216374993324, 0.023507922887802124, -0.010395051911473274, 0.0077196513302624226, 0.001488304347731173, 0.006626378279179335, 0.017604101449251175, -0.026894349604845047, 0.01143677905201912, 0.013530610129237175, -0.027689745649695396, -0.006842753849923611, -0.05053320154547691, -0.00802325364202261, 0.018877767026424408, -0.032315902411937714, 0.02308918535709381, -0.004176433198153973, 0.017991499975323677, 0.02468874864280224, -0.027314506471157074, 0.011636903509497643, 0.01811600849032402, -0.0035230836365371943, 0.021490294486284256, -0.05466906726360321, 0.03390247002243996, 0.003762675216421485, -0.015315575525164604, -0.06548258662223816, -0.0509028397500515, 0.036564964801073074, -0.02021263912320137, -0.005504949018359184, -0.06618638336658478, 0.00011544477456482127, -0.028274022042751312, -0.020666517317295074, -0.017930379137396812, 0.07411031424999237, -0.008596828207373619, -0.017338164150714874, 0.024754058569669724, 0.0009117409354075789, 0.051541924476623535, 0.021850086748600006, 0.01791524514555931, -0.0008530679624527693, -0.002863892586901784, -0.05422895774245262, -0.00768860150128603, 0.006067169364541769, -0.032566897571086884, -0.00835348665714264, -0.00020255433628335595, -0.023107513785362244, 0.03735197335481644, -0.043041929602622986, 0.0032822967041283846, -0.026993123814463615, 0.013744035735726357, -0.009220905601978302, -0.027715353295207024, 0.024869656190276146, 0.006374975200742483, 0.001573403598740697, 0.01590440794825554, 0.00914384238421917, -0.01766575500369072, -0.02974594198167324, 0.01046279352158308, 0.016090460121631622, -0.054724037647247314, 0.01883903332054615, 0.004498570691794157, 0.036675386130809784, 0.015183133073151112, 0.01930166780948639, 0.005683812312781811, 0.06825847178697586, -0.0607999749481678, -0.010015984065830708, 0.04131102189421654, -0.007685225922614336, -0.05775342881679535, -0.0107748256996274, -0.03595443442463875, -0.03564951568841934, 0.04397972300648689, 0.012338918633759022, 0.07593663036823273, 0.017605768516659737, -0.0014738963218405843, 0.0016809222288429737, 0.007686489727348089, 0.00917153898626566, 0.00002797999513859395, 0.0202588252723217, 0.047911982983350754, -0.05079501122236252, -0.004905784502625465, 0.02667495794594288, 0.026055455207824707, 0.010300811380147934, -0.0011717190500348806, -0.02872820384800434, 0.008981789462268353, 0.045702528208494186, -0.030763903632760048, -0.024105627089738846, 0.019196845591068268, -0.03580928221344948, -0.013168863952159882, -0.039450693875551224, -0.01900826208293438, 0.04561929777264595, 0.04150373116135597, -0.013073976151645184, -0.05133110284805298, -0.025715358555316925, -0.05347881466150284, -0.033132702112197876, 0.02787698060274124, -0.01405017264187336, 0.022313067689538002, 0.01386448834091425, 0.031811099499464035, 0.03440287709236145, 0.020832283422350883, -0.024565262719988823, -0.10128094255924225, -0.033095017075538635, -0.01663525588810444, -0.015493720769882202, 0.059727296233177185, -0.01815055124461651, -0.03770891949534416, 0.018473008647561073, -0.007703686133027077, 0.02879949100315571, 0.014910968951880932, 0.038932379335165024, -0.015386775135993958, 0.07593024522066116, -0.0037796557880938053, -0.010595807805657387, 0.01540544256567955, -0.012534663081169128, 0.10824326425790787, 0.06947271525859833, 0.010574745014309883, -0.07753858715295792, 0.028972292318940163, 0.03832090646028519, -0.003080571535974741, -0.0053511373698711395, 0.022139810025691986, 0.029145674780011177, 0.0054478454403579235, 0.06396768242120743, 0.014459230937063694, 0.04309671372175217, 0.003944091964513063, 0.07405995577573776, -0.03279021009802818, 0.0022515603341162205, 0.0071482169441878796, 0.009352766908705235, 0.002955237403512001, -0.010752447880804539, -0.03860048949718475, -0.00022894618450663984, -0.013661864213645458, -0.024425964802503586, -0.024067595601081848, 0.01222926564514637, 0.00929875485599041, -0.006426726933568716, -0.013341356068849564, 0.016818435862660408, 0.04738564044237137, 0.0029062232933938503, 0.01851254515349865, 0.005413782317191362, 0.004270096775144339, -0.0010850266553461552, 0.03289476037025452, -0.003548863111063838, -0.0007543983520008624, -0.010696613229811192, -0.006624655798077583, 0.03656888008117676, -0.04558970779180527, -0.03738003596663475, -0.024204598739743233, 0.035063739866018295, 0.0171689223498106, -0.01323657389730215, -0.0022745332680642605, 0.000012491046618379187, 0.04276694729924202, -0.023881342262029648, -0.026428792625665665, -0.017460942268371582, 0.003374442458152771, -0.040499527007341385, -0.005266502965241671, -0.030391227453947067, 0.05304347351193428, -0.013927515596151352, 0.010047691874206066, 0.0008768393308855593, -0.01872442476451397, -0.00880257599055767, -0.021668916568160057, 0.04602827504277229, 0.017226120457053185, -0.002168529899790883, -0.013484965078532696, 0.01208146009594202, -0.012409855611622334, -0.011308880522847176, 0.06322862207889557, -0.005821379832923412, 0.016858864575624466, 0.032928284257650375, 0.008195724338293076, -0.04289611056447029, -0.016474906355142593, 0.011698281392455101, -0.013251985423266888, -0.012263132259249687, -0.03469780460000038, -0.01313741598278284, 0.019582165405154228, 0.06629570573568344, 0.029178645461797714, 0.009849081747233868, -0.02644204907119274, 0.03763088583946228, 0.04922448843717575, -0.06738030910491943, -0.004094462841749191, -0.0066974530927836895, -0.02574922889471054, -0.024615967646241188, 0.003052530810236931, 0.07452386617660522, -0.03047344833612442, -0.007043816614896059, 0.017414135858416557, 0.049336619675159454, -0.010712310671806335, -0.023144083097577095, 0.018549153581261635, -0.023811226710677147, -0.04447486624121666, -0.015439195558428764, 0.025774294510483742, 0.00013376680726651102, 0.002681465819478035, -0.009116867557168007, 0.0012053493410348892, 0.006179398857057095, -0.005220193415880203, -0.04538661986589432, 0.00426682410761714, 0.002159862546250224, 0.035512834787368774, -0.035451289266347885, 0.05182977393269539, -0.03172656521201134, -0.03206866979598999, -0.03463359549641609, -0.02178524062037468, 0.0031195369083434343, 0.005396467167884111, -0.0059626041911542416, -0.012751143425703049, -0.00836980901658535, 0.010639017447829247, 0.008333323523402214, -0.012235387228429317, 0.036955222487449646, -0.04041668400168419, 0.024571212008595467, -0.020366672426462173, -0.05720165744423866, 0.035255540162324905, -0.056443508714437485, 0.012707141228020191, 0.04956553876399994, -0.008959740400314331, 0.020964154973626137, 0.002802448347210884, -0.022291677072644234, 0.029388053342700005, 0.04647047072649002, 0.001815148163586855, -0.028345007449388504, 0.022001372650265694, 0.001721612294204533, -0.018806787207722664, 0.004506062250584364, 0.015852071344852448, 0.008985225111246109, -0.01423360500484705, -0.0035117848310619593, 0.010665005072951317, -0.0025531284045428038, 0.014543155208230019, -0.004682995844632387, 0.017642030492424965, 0.058942705392837524, -0.022897277027368546, -0.004834332969039679, 0.05483691766858101, 0.016219692304730415, -0.042692601680755615, 0.013801823370158672, 0.005787836387753487, 0.005729012656956911, -0.07978203892707825, 0.008037625811994076, 0.0023413626477122307, -0.00311575410887599, 0.0484277606010437, -0.036382440477609634, 0.012057281099259853, 0.02897343598306179, -0.03503049165010452, 0.0026141249109059572, 0.011250152252614498, 0.011529038660228252, -0.044024158269166946, -0.0022537109907716513, -0.04811564087867737, 0.042342595756053925, 0.012095808982849121, 0.056855157017707825, 0.030558256432414055, 0.02106235921382904, 0.012060782872140408, -0.04820306599140167, -0.05644262582063675, -0.027959758415818214, 0.02121702954173088, -0.023779302835464478, 0.05680425465106964, -0.03860211372375488, -0.01595444791018963, 0.020171362906694412, -0.02660161629319191, 0.014449508860707283, 0.0083913030102849, 0.036791592836380005, 0.04720024764537811, 0.03485068306326866, 0.0029409665148705244, -0.057301416993141174, 0.03321833908557892, -0.02920808643102646, -0.00149456353392452, 0.03208848461508751, -0.05181363970041275, 0.006388853304088116, 0.01806468702852726, 0.007774839177727699, -0.032584745436906815, -0.010750132612884045, -0.0046608950942754745, -0.04464312270283699, 0.015482858754694462, -0.02047060802578926, -0.001707229996100068, -0.028799906373023987, -0.018857667222619057, -0.019806677475571632, 0.025632040575146675, 0.06931297481060028, 0.024348454549908638, -0.06387557089328766, -0.03597024828195572, -0.040924686938524246, -0.024895627051591873, 0.01527096051722765, 0.016195587813854218, 0.014836539514362812, -0.00953602883964777, -0.03871285170316696, 0.0001683144801063463, 0.023894958198070526, -0.04035179689526558, -0.03216145932674408, -0.004454224836081266, 0.05370312184095383, -0.035199813544750214, 0.026640744879841805, 0.006121609825640917, -0.050978075712919235, 0.021404365077614784, -0.04225120320916176, 0.014160402119159698, 0.03178345412015915, 0.03527063503861427, -0.06644245982170105, -0.02519582398235798, 0.007574149407446384, 0.011778748594224453, 0.08358510583639145, 0.015933116897940636, -0.03136727958917618, 0.028162917122244835, 0.024379784241318703, 0.0007588439621031284, -0.014224141836166382, 0.023442789912223816, -0.01249777339398861, 0.010878356173634529, -0.01691885106265545, -0.04159799963235855, -0.011640705168247223, 0.03698526322841644, -0.006091530900448561, 0.013194169849157333, -0.0174699854105711, 0.004574578255414963, -0.04372076317667961, 0.07071969658136368, 0.004550008103251457, 0.02397020347416401, 0.08286388218402863, 0.014467722736299038, -0.008303564973175526, 0.03969576209783554, -0.03923942148685455, -0.05129116028547287, 0.022334543988108635, -0.00843135081231594, -0.006266063544899225, -0.005172853358089924, 0.0023568386677652597, -0.009744570590555668, -0.06966689974069595, -0.043772339820861816, -0.007744808681309223, -0.0595155730843544, 0.03805632144212723, 0.061006154865026474, 0.01453052181750536, 0.03550651669502258, 0.010123495943844318, 0.03312322124838829, 0.0072757708840072155, 0.02702590823173523, 0.0019913988653570414, 0.03382061421871185, 0.050344232469797134, -0.01076760794967413, 0.010272546671330929, 0.019880007952451706, -0.01588769070804119, 0.032392777502536774, -0.04473431780934334, 0.016204053536057472, 0.024010686203837395, -0.03086378425359726, 0.05190613493323326, 0.008852067403495312, -0.0012300952803343534, 0.05122877657413483, 0.014772380702197552, 0.05882656201720238, -0.044896628707647324, 0.022851809859275818, -0.04825102910399437, 0.007713268976658583, -0.018925903365015984, 0.043529629707336426, 0.0016907391836866736, -0.013981933705508709, -0.001180625637061894, 0.011565405875444412, -0.002081657061353326, -0.04329841583967209, 0.026140226051211357, -0.0181906558573246, -0.008792590349912643, 0.00863638985902071, -0.01027950644493103, 0.01421375758945942, -0.02706674486398697, -0.03980362415313721, -0.05649992823600769, 0.02111000195145607, 0.05321910232305527, 0.023895423859357834, -0.022865548729896545, 0.010869760066270828, -0.0020128560718148947, 0.039006564766168594, -0.09008508175611496, 0.002631318522617221, -0.02828064188361168, 0.04262101277709007, -0.05557505041360855, -0.002298092469573021 ]
<p>The standard error of an estimator is defined as the square root of the the estimator variance (or mean squared error, MSE, for unbiased estimators). More specifically, if we wanted to get the standard error of the sample mean $\bar{X}$, we would divide the variance of the sample used to calculate $\bar{X}$ by the square root of $n$:<br> $$ {\rm MSE}(\bar{X}) = \frac{s^2}{n}, \\ {\rm and,} \\ ~ \\ {\rm S.E.} (\bar{X}) = \sqrt\frac{s^2}{n} = \frac{s}{\sqrt{n}} $$ where $s^2$ is the sample variance for the sample of $X$s.</p> <p>However, in OLS regressions, the standard error of the regression is defined as: $$ \sqrt\frac{SSR}{n - K} $$ where SSR is the sum of squared residuals.</p> <p><strong>My question is: does this not need to be corrected again by dividing by the sample size $n$?</strong></p> <p>Surely $\sqrt{^{SSR}/_{n - K}}$ is just the sample estimate of the population variance and, according to the formula above, it needs to be corrected. I understand that in both cases the standard error is the square root of the MSE but in the first case the MSE is the sample variance that the estimator came from divided by $n$ and in the second example the MSE is just the sample variance. Does anyone have an explanation?</p>
74,071
[ -0.022298790514469147, 0.006586906034499407, -0.014094304293394089, -0.00469179404899478, 0.029702281579375267, 0.01859690435230732, -0.011975876986980438, -0.03887061029672623, 0.029174495488405228, -0.03275558724999428, 0.05845445767045021, 0.011594153009355068, 0.12377854436635971, 0.0010438928147777915, 0.017672276124358177, 0.013649537228047848, -0.015443110838532448, 0.035884957760572433, -0.006578556261956692, -0.03447344899177551, -0.005735491402447224, 0.04445777088403702, -0.016952000558376312, -0.013695146888494492, -0.04387940838932991, 0.018515340983867645, 0.0592786967754364, 0.035510800778865814, 0.023792745545506477, 0.07893103361129761, -0.03502141684293747, -0.00921852607280016, 0.015688227489590645, 0.057496942579746246, 0.013989808037877083, -0.0014955665683373809, -0.015755578875541687, -0.06246507912874222, -0.006756595801562071, 0.04866097494959831, -0.03838137909770012, 0.003257219446823001, -0.00931523647159338, -0.0051177185960114, -0.0015197134343907237, 0.025814300402998924, -0.020388571545481682, -0.0728517696261406, 0.03192597255110741, -0.03235660493373871, 0.07394951581954956, -0.0014047378208488226, 0.03694221377372742, 0.018464604392647743, -0.03485476225614548, 0.012885840609669685, 0.05032116174697876, 0.01836285926401615, -0.015963302925229073, -0.011482862755656242, 0.0008896076469682157, 0.00011822189117083326, 0.023724684491753578, -0.01666165702044964, -0.018105654045939445, -0.01661699451506138, -0.017847444862127304, -0.010169297456741333, 0.02649829536676407, -0.030495047569274902, 0.024428976699709892, 0.026051752269268036, 0.013224818743765354, 0.014080683700740337, 0.005354272201657295, -0.03738817572593689, -0.0244771596044302, 0.010150459595024586, 0.058710429817438126, 0.02847480960190296, 0.020706329494714737, 0.0208747535943985, 0.06894540786743164, 0.03860792890191078, 0.020413348451256752, 0.005151467397809029, 0.05874836444854736, 0.011240940541028976, 0.04271082580089569, 0.006508463993668556, 0.035814039409160614, 0.028851782903075218, 0.07664793729782104, -0.08001379668712616, -0.01827811449766159, 0.029606416821479797, -0.04044786095619202, 0.04989080876111984, -0.015165280550718307, -0.015030206181108952, -0.015123317018151283, -0.05355706065893173, 0.01681353524327278, 0.04368245229125023, -0.0322442464530468, -0.050925176590681076, 0.00755263539031148, 0.028537394478917122, 0.014443399384617805, -0.013459620997309685, -0.005893297027796507, 0.003984841518104076, -0.027005096897482872, 0.0013514722231775522, 0.019953155890107155, 0.003131126519292593, -0.015454357489943504, 0.01780482567846775, 0.05044732615351677, 0.06673317402601242, 0.033360280096530914, -0.011655591428279877, 0.010082203894853592, 0.00041521943057887256, -0.056179944425821304, 0.07100861519575119, 0.014361074194312096, -0.03206493332982063, -0.05760509520769119, 0.019205262884497643, 0.011152529157698154, -0.02420853078365326, 0.036125246435403824, 0.0007757151615805924, 0.016844915226101875, 0.02204974740743637, -0.08536174148321152, -0.07528793066740036, 0.02567294053733349, 0.0022375972475856543, 0.023127270862460136, -0.07288367301225662, 0.0012488157954066992, 0.024109510704874992, 0.05537037178874016, 0.03974597528576851, 0.04207639768719673, 0.012020996771752834, -0.006353334058076143, 0.030667932704091072, -0.05181199312210083, -0.009742110036313534, -0.007774903438985348, -0.020894750952720642, 0.0021852999925613403, -0.050374820828437805, 0.0096949003636837, 0.016499890014529228, -0.01904229074716568, -0.04697927460074425, 0.032923948019742966, -0.005334766581654549, -0.0053217485547065735, 0.0064231520518660545, 0.041507113724946976, -0.034229081124067307, 0.06852670013904572, 0.008841208182275295, 0.032573264092206955, 0.016901442781090736, -0.0019634997006505728, 0.01762934774160385, 0.0016159714432433248, 0.03024822100996971, 0.04674113541841507, -0.03343025967478752, -0.0030736830085515976, -0.033246930688619614, 0.0031385677866637707, 0.03749256953597069, -0.08695206791162491, -0.006524439435452223, 0.008479640819132328, -0.016012033447623253, -0.0006369365146383643, 0.08148448169231415, 0.02318790927529335, 0.005360042210668325, 0.029374491423368454, -0.047105103731155396, -0.024121882393956184, -0.08078945428133011, 0.013111324049532413, -0.010232262313365936, -0.04526602849364281, -0.006450248882174492, 0.006063696928322315, 0.035585030913352966, -0.03998716175556183, -0.022088672965765, 0.02312598191201687, 0.028701895847916603, 0.006925643887370825, -0.03552889823913574, 0.01827317290008068, 0.04575105383992195, 0.03188755735754967, -0.0031391840893775225, 0.020321326330304146, -0.008164097554981709, -0.05141180008649826, 0.02729013003408909, -0.056185729801654816, 0.017838874831795692, -0.013752978295087814, -0.035342082381248474, -0.00105896289460361, -0.027498086914420128, -0.009246701374650002, 0.05622512102127075, -0.02428574487566948, 0.06111467629671097, 0.051551856100559235, 0.010298951528966427, 0.026769712567329407, -0.001599991461262107, 0.02917293645441532, 0.008643584325909615, -0.05219931900501251, -0.01819014735519886, -0.048072051256895065, -0.006018464453518391, 0.04770565405488014, 0.014914264902472496, -0.025934070348739624, -0.01912412978708744, 0.05370933935046196, -0.01413981057703495, 0.01384798251092434, -0.00007665369048481807, -0.02116396278142929, -0.01897365041077137, -0.0027854708023369312, -0.017875129356980324, 0.00801477674394846, 0.04743218421936035, -0.01629837602376938, 0.011865328997373581, 0.03453582152724266, 0.02818204276263714, 0.034637656062841415, 0.031888820230960846, -0.018270697444677353, 0.0038341337349265814, 0.021136850118637085, -0.02072635479271412, 0.005632186308503151, -0.024587780237197876, 0.006427834741771221, 0.05719304084777832, -0.00047813914716243744, 0.0011982213472947478, -0.005975066218525171, 0.02182692661881447, 0.014667312614619732, -0.0197429396212101, -0.025237038731575012, 0.00858819205313921, 0.011283655650913715, -0.04601691663265228, -0.000620724109467119, -0.03953227028250694, -0.02597590535879135, 0.0035115843638777733, -0.005942000076174736, 0.022654863074421883, -0.005896960385143757, 0.00763528561219573, -0.01601051539182663, -0.010757955722510815, -0.0401349700987339, -0.00435589300468564, 0.0037253564223647118, -0.0062214965000748634, -0.05873089283704758, 0.0051668379455804825, -0.009272162802517414, -0.041981860995292664, 0.030677054077386856, 0.006086195353418589, -0.01718614064157009, 0.0254758782684803, -0.006216499023139477, -0.03623395040631294, -0.03042859025299549, -0.03820432722568512, -0.010561743751168251, 0.005622265860438347, -0.016353793442249298, 0.050805799663066864, -0.003796149278059602, 0.000531997880898416, 0.0455099418759346, -0.02559300698339939, -0.03303789719939232, -0.07855971902608871, -0.005137830041348934, 0.02339971996843815, -0.021448640152812004, 0.011398126371204853, 0.04151007905602455, 0.013898734003305435, -0.03957559913396835, -0.04217974469065666, -0.05244873836636543, -0.012597240507602692, -0.002124989638105035, 0.04208984598517418, 0.03502006083726883, -0.03595319017767906, 0.0902385488152504, 0.01673300564289093, 0.0049920352175831795, 0.010428986512124538, 0.01258060522377491, -0.008136131800711155, -0.03598862513899803, 0.004629709757864475, -0.017544575035572052, 0.017467916011810303, 0.02499414049088955, -0.018582308664917946, 0.02874550223350525, 0.04439707472920418, 0.01066589541733265, -0.0077240546233952045, -0.0337977334856987, -0.024059463292360306, -0.014986464753746986, 0.055520959198474884, 0.008603953756392002, -0.021310992538928986, 0.011658208444714546, 0.01809539832174778, 0.02673107199370861, 0.007497761398553848, -0.04805988445878029, 0.03926431015133858, -0.03279181942343712, -0.015313456766307354, -0.012794234789907932, 0.04055587202310562, 0.055507659912109375, -0.004757429473102093, 0.009391904808580875, 0.0175227839499712, -0.0037368922494351864, -0.01253268588334322, 0.00029746163636446, 0.01311686635017395, 0.047465164214372635, -0.011193578131496906, -0.023439522832632065, -0.0019013957353308797, -0.02483925223350525, -0.011205851100385189, -0.003916350658982992, -0.01733018085360527, 0.04001795873045921, 0.046806640923023224, 0.019149765372276306, -0.0328347310423851, -0.029401293024420738, -0.0026582267601042986, -0.04945674166083336, 0.0065789595246315, -0.01053097378462553, 0.03864910081028938, -0.006508647929877043, 0.03760978579521179, -0.005714974366128445, 0.007258138153702021, 0.005612988956272602, -0.003835455747321248, -0.030891451984643936, 0.015929799526929855, -0.02839702181518078, -0.05137636885046959, 0.012592889368534088, -0.004787818994373083, 0.00471572345122695, -0.025320637971162796, 0.04251536726951599, -0.01981920748949051, -0.004180694930255413, -0.01645301654934883, -0.0009740949026308954, -0.017333541065454483, 0.0009506646892987192, 0.013956195674836636, 0.002253859769552946, -0.008588333614170551, -0.041381970047950745, -0.004201566334813833, 0.0417434386909008, -0.0030902274884283543, -0.021763628348708153, -0.04720466583967209, 0.01496132556349039, 0.0003682111855596304, 0.04478130489587784, 0.06010120362043381, -0.009505641646683216, -0.053426723927259445, 0.038149431347846985, 0.02013077773153782, 0.04254264757037163, 0.016040096059441566, -0.0019494268344715238, -0.028856204822659492, -0.05000196024775505, -0.029515525326132774, 0.002276221988722682, 0.03359869495034218, -0.010545671917498112, 0.006813602522015572, 0.0651470497250557, 0.021031426265835762, -0.057923540472984314, 0.01486537791788578, 0.05416600778698921, 0.0035839653573930264, 0.029023362323641777, -0.0397002287209034, 0.0077727483585476875, -0.0029419728089123964, -0.02645741030573845, 0.021334512159228325, 0.012195117771625519, 0.00759859848767519, -0.024777360260486603, 0.036963120102882385, -0.026251353323459625, -0.03550833836197853, 0.013881557621061802, 0.05055476725101471, 0.05013308301568031, 0.0014303222997114062, -0.009923042729496956, 0.027043575420975685, 0.04327104240655899, 0.048990730196237564, 0.0023906249552965164, -0.010725208558142185, -0.05435383692383766, 0.012965859845280647, -0.007570021320134401, 0.030676139518618584, -0.03869851678609848, 0.007151394616812468, -0.04968700930476189, -0.02542218565940857, -0.013169650919735432, -0.029036790132522583, 0.029117701575160027, -0.025250008329749107, 0.035303838551044464, -0.020078172907233238, -0.012532505206763744, -0.04209781438112259, 0.02482394315302372, 0.00340496888384223, 0.03616773337125778, -0.014079487882554531, -0.011897509917616844, -0.04525274038314819, -0.0005451726610772312, 0.028576210141181946, 0.06730202585458755, -0.04936840757727623, -0.023181527853012085, -0.002252286998555064, 0.07865625619888306, -0.04719381406903267, -0.0704270526766777, 0.0014818289782851934, -0.00832511205226183, -0.02488958276808262, 0.01829914003610611, -0.0008615314727649093, -0.06999456137418747, 0.028358858078718185, 0.052565883845090866, -0.02218266949057579, -0.027302565053105354, 0.015330866910517216, 0.015366359613835812, 0.06852090358734131, 0.04515949636697769, 0.09169938415288925, -0.002566599054262042, 0.02457980439066887, 0.0014083251589909196, -0.015302767977118492, -0.0020103987772017717, -0.0456601046025753, -0.045412495732307434, -0.023852644488215446, -0.0035892173182219267, -0.004726135637611151, 0.034795284271240234, -0.006251606158912182, 0.045516885817050934, -0.04558197036385536, -0.01853439398109913, 0.027711935341358185, 0.01389459241181612, 0.028575770556926727, 0.020347656682133675, 0.012551777064800262, 0.028347013518214226, 0.0007286260952241719, 0.00036774433101527393, 0.033372242003679276, 0.013812568038702011, -0.014551191590726376, 0.011551269330084324, -0.024721158668398857, 0.02131979912519455, -0.05525185912847519, -0.03804871439933777, 0.011643731035292149, -0.006438028067350388, 0.03774741291999817, -0.02492983639240265, 0.025324998423457146, -0.0353681817650795, -0.03387421369552612, -0.018307780846953392, 0.01957724615931511, -0.013096019625663757, -0.018864436075091362, -0.046122681349515915, 0.01892141066491604, 0.040844064205884933, 0.007420099340379238, -0.10066427290439606, -0.019549820572137833, 0.000898052763659507, -0.02316318452358246, 0.009266349487006664, 0.0017416387563571334, -0.029978957027196884, -0.020875412970781326, -0.03993651270866394, -0.03122067078948021, 0.05615135282278061, -0.029486918821930885, -0.05390750244259834, -0.022883011028170586, 0.04352312535047531, 0.07658994197845459, -0.020057693123817444, -0.0019041831837967038, -0.009952357970178127, -0.03648719936609268, -0.026962652802467346, 0.012430836446583271, 0.06485097855329514, -0.028072835877537727, -0.010298601351678371, -0.030525069683790207, -0.03780439496040344, 0.025505458936095238, -0.00107452436350286, -0.042065832763910294, 0.027728896588087082, 0.0042475368827581406, 0.03292277827858925, 0.008512912318110466, 0.018059544265270233, 0.02497543767094612, 0.03231404349207878, -0.014958322048187256, -0.01477387547492981, -0.016010010614991188, 0.01202329806983471, 0.026881320402026176, 0.029492054134607315, -0.015463256277143955, 0.01862913742661476, 0.09521523118019104, -0.053325142711400986, 0.010530349798500538, 0.024208832532167435, -0.030584340915083885, 0.0548211969435215, 0.014224092476069927, -0.0020977358799427748, 0.023802341893315315, 0.018681533634662628, -0.014340413734316826, -0.061294227838516235, -0.01957114227116108, 0.06413393467664719, 0.07245462387800217, -0.02815444953739643, 0.020713862031698227, 0.04057249426841736, -0.009201932698488235, 0.01415589451789856, -0.07802525907754898, -0.02833346650004387, -0.016892636194825172, -0.02755500189960003, 0.0376557856798172, 0.009608500637114048, 0.006746345199644566, 0.031785156577825546, 0.021300088614225388, 0.010064413771033287, 0.012514175847172737, 0.0192378219217062, 0.04076438769698143, -0.0007232570205815136, -0.022943608462810516, -0.04198722541332245, 0.04210173711180687, -0.03529209643602371, 0.0257865097373724, -0.028091715648770332, -0.0009373648790642619, 0.049087848514318466, 0.0036810538731515408, 0.003415795974433422, -0.04977547377347946, -0.011820677667856216, -0.04281657561659813, -0.01547985803335905, -0.00039436688530258834, -0.01770053058862686, 0.0061696432530879974, -0.016310956329107285, 0.018693309277296066, -0.01147106196731329, 0.02608339861035347, -0.02080361172556877, -0.09042613953351974, -0.05782856047153473, -0.00027319471701048315, -0.020839214324951172, 0.026190554723143578, -0.015484140254557133, -0.02439793199300766, 0.03961150720715523, -0.03564245626330376, 0.021284282207489014, 0.011778926476836205, 0.024209771305322647, -0.01752268709242344, 0.07341732084751129, 0.0010246761376038194, 0.0187421552836895, -0.009546629153192043, 0.012394906021654606, 0.09777606278657913, 0.09448521584272385, 0.01714252308011055, -0.022361816838383675, 0.009125666692852974, -0.029990304261446, 0.0027851765044033527, 0.034563951194286346, -0.01720254309475422, -0.013570919632911682, 0.006834606174379587, -0.006610470358282328, 0.05882692709565163, 0.03125637397170067, -0.03814563900232315, -0.011432496830821037, -0.016764311119914055, -0.017916684970259666, 0.013325659558176994, 0.03287902846932411, -0.0011139597045257688, 0.015605613589286804, -0.03509794548153877, 0.0006346231093630195, -0.02617705427110195, -0.004244059789925814, -0.021603336557745934, 0.008195390924811363, -0.00775254238396883, 0.00402451166883111, -0.03498062491416931, 0.01973092369735241, 0.003462086897343397, 0.0014767235843464732, -0.03885632008314133, -0.0006753932684659958, 0.011921921744942665, -0.03554004803299904, 0.02889590710401535, 0.05481662601232529, -0.026818620041012764, -0.0075341807678341866, 0.011195119470357895, 0.004871750716120005, -0.04483052343130112, -0.007137546315789223, -0.04896581918001175, 0.023019183427095413, 0.00553236436098814, 0.023978369310498238, -0.009497888386249542, -0.016273021697998047, -0.0004836786538362503, -0.044889576733112335, 0.003526444314047694, 0.048186954110860825, -0.012430203147232533, -0.03374256566166878, -0.0063056014478206635, -0.029501480981707573, 0.02073206752538681, -0.010855084285140038, -0.0070558288134634495, 0.03368256241083145, -0.03489960357546806, -0.010224797762930393, 0.01931496150791645, -0.0053349630907177925, -0.004774405155330896, 0.012767906300723553, -0.01904994063079357, 0.0016193153569474816, -0.0483899787068367, -0.005071960389614105, 0.0415552519261837, 0.03035123646259308, 0.05604402720928192, -0.01470088865607977, 0.022319188341498375, -0.0022947643883526325, -0.06562112271785736, 0.033939115703105927, -0.03585716336965561, -0.025890331715345383, -0.05920739099383354, 0.003880016040056944, 0.023599913343787193, 0.011704866774380207, -0.0055741663090884686, 0.005299669690430164, 0.007209987845271826, 0.03887174278497696, -0.0021365773864090443, -0.08289788663387299, -0.019510693848133087, 0.04236449673771858, -0.01590162143111229, 0.024593064561486244, -0.015640027821063995, 0.04116712138056755, 0.039635609835386276, 0.05179290100932121, -0.025036189705133438, 0.031584274023771286, 0.0005542760482057929, 0.01854020543396473, 0.009510132484138012, -0.019583510234951973, 0.019620342180132866, 0.04438682645559311, 0.00001977069587155711, 0.004049891605973244, -0.016465233638882637, -0.04300810396671295, -0.03559624403715134, 0.019864089787006378, -0.005824425723403692, -0.02267944999039173, 0.041753511875867844, -0.017244510352611542, 0.015385821461677551, -0.01942545175552368, -0.021191010251641273, -0.006695124786347151, -0.015392935834825039, -0.002463111886754632, -0.029573051258921623, -0.029502129182219505, 0.00796266458928585, 0.0028594115283340216, -0.0024691668804734945, 0.02881760336458683, 0.01796797290444374, 0.029757993295788765, -0.025883765891194344, -0.01801907643675804, 0.00369835807941854, 0.01823328621685505, -0.026218311861157417, -0.012098842300474644, 0.02389219030737877, -0.06677093356847763, -0.05243731290102005, 0.0061388458125293255, 0.014172266237437725, 0.03512875363230705, 0.032863013446331024, 0.014837999828159809, -0.01814563386142254, 0.010526985861361027, -0.06579118221998215, 0.004482117947191, -0.023499349132180214, 0.0009169517434202135, 0.004243155010044575, -0.01578364148736, 0.04321647062897682, 0.001448312890715897, -0.002178914612159133, 0.04557126387953758, 0.023703183978796005, -0.016336776316165924, 0.0032395466696470976, 0.028681522235274315, -0.011980568058788776, -0.022897154092788696, 0.0004093347233720124, 0.035528674721717834, -0.005553613882511854, 0.04394248127937317, -0.053629908710718155, 0.021224549040198326, -0.023146986961364746, 0.007874442264437675, -0.09137852489948273, -0.03479475900530815, 0.02751012332737446, 0.03130371496081352, 0.010924720205366611, -0.03837605193257332, 0.007096399087458849, 0.04127686098217964, -0.02809983678162098, -0.010160807520151138, -0.02506549097597599, -0.029566550627350807, -0.04482056573033333, -0.004125005565583706, 0.0009205219685100019, 0.041038647294044495, 0.026533393189311028, -0.00036885481677018106, 0.011236855760216713, 0.03146791830658913, 0.02598378248512745, -0.007982871495187283, -0.02742931805551052, -0.004028931260108948, -0.006216119509190321, -0.07630652189254761, 0.02001926861703396, -0.05026800557971001, 0.016210468485951424, 0.0511513315141201, 0.005519213154911995, 0.0237895417958498, 0.00668173236772418, 0.006517340429127216, -0.017941582947969437, 0.032085124403238297, 0.008638007566332817, -0.02437199465930462, -0.007573138922452927, -0.0011365143582224846, 0.014590836130082607, 0.039970673620700836, -0.02091274969279766, 0.0011860314989462495, 0.03349528834223747, -0.013827413320541382, -0.00911733042448759, 0.006055420730262995, -0.025437571108341217, -0.032432571053504944, -0.004139790777117014, 0.007148542441427708, -0.000042242492781952024, -0.02556934766471386, 0.07555117458105087, -0.040010493248701096, 0.013926266692578793, 0.03817223757505417, 0.01600407436490059, -0.018692024052143097, 0.021211156621575356, 0.02343013510107994, -0.026675546541810036, 0.025635158643126488, 0.01025882363319397, -0.02446257323026657, -0.06617333739995956, -0.013928956352174282, 0.024906033650040627, -0.03848543018102646, -0.01258910819888115, -0.019419703632593155, -0.022801367565989494, 0.050407495349645615, -0.019613642245531082, 0.004814614541828632, 0.020506059750914574, -0.007461246103048325, 0.005093449726700783, -0.06010088324546814, 0.05101959407329559, 0.025293568149209023, 0.013828394934535027, -0.024987513199448586, -0.00960933230817318, -0.029717855155467987, -0.001362436800263822, 0.06299638003110886, 0.010436786338686943, -0.0012790268519893289, 0.03568924590945244, 0.026939494535326958, 0.01410178653895855, -0.06251499801874161, 0.03466527909040451, -0.0055124652571976185, -0.02312033623456955, -0.03144114837050438, -0.017713025212287903, -0.009188885800540447, 0.00044259801506996155, -0.0018740916857495904, -0.0121145723387599, 0.02291708067059517, 0.015961410477757454, 0.030429022386670113, 0.031157800927758217, 0.021309148520231247, -0.0033701567444950342, 0.0358811691403389, -0.008539126254618168, 0.012182537466287613, 0.06973626464605331, -0.0003168079419992864, -0.06345165520906448, 0.003449423238635063, -0.028899015858769417, -0.00988516304641962, -0.022020086646080017, -0.016416629776358604, 0.013835691846907139, -0.035688336938619614, -0.017477232962846756, 0.027113765478134155, -0.03171350806951523, -0.008628184907138348, 0.044112592935562134, 0.0148228220641613, 0.025488870218396187, -0.018355945125222206, -0.013500459492206573, 0.028040830045938492, -0.013238218612968922, 0.022384250536561012, 0.012274381704628468, 0.009864745661616325, 0.035376641899347305, 0.021673232316970825, 0.026924312114715576, -0.012273585423827171, 0.04094751924276352, -0.0024003766011446714, 0.03298923000693321, -0.042551059275865555, -0.03556341305375099, 0.02719348855316639, -0.022483859211206436, 0.01736452616751194, -0.004312058910727501, -0.04309898987412453, 0.06588088721036911, -0.029114359989762306, 0.0012306106509640813, -0.0205975454300642, -0.0033968756906688213, -0.017295395955443382, -0.0534730888903141, -0.012587858363986015, 0.014029961079359055, 0.004290376789867878, -0.012253722175955772, 0.009228390641510487, 0.011367876082658768, 0.05282481387257576, -0.020740119740366936, 0.013288536109030247, -0.01128876768052578, -0.029713399708271027, -0.06986016035079956, -0.039639782160520554, -0.016449186950922012, 0.00001061962939274963, 0.052226245403289795, 0.02811732515692711, 0.012755829840898514, 0.00766459945589304, -0.04500172659754753, 0.006805827375501394, 0.038834359496831894, -0.08481797575950623, -0.016870688647031784, -0.01609097793698311, 0.0026906991843134165, 0.01872011460363865, -0.04764677584171295 ]
<p>On page 10 of <a href="http://www.chicagobooth.edu/jar/conference/docs/DoMarketsUnder-Kumar.pdf" rel="nofollow">this paper</a> the author states that </p> <blockquote> <p>In this section, I use monthly Fama and MacBeth (1973) logit regression [...]</p> </blockquote> <p>to examine the type of forecast. My question(s) are: </p> <ol> <li>what does this mean,</li> <li>is it even remotely justified by the typical conditions making normal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fama%E2%80%93MacBeth_regression" rel="nofollow">Fama-MacBeth procedure</a> (namely, that asset returns are approximately serially uncorrelated), and</li> <li>how does the nonlinearity of error in the coefficient estimate affect the aggregation of the cross-sectional estimates?</li> </ol> <p>My take is that </p> <ol> <li>it means that he runs a single cross-sectional regression each month and forms the point estimates and standard errors from the time series of these estimates,</li> <li>probably not exactly, but this is not so important (people use Fama-MacBeth in many contexts where the individual estimates are not independent), and</li> <li>I have no idea.</li> </ol> <p>Any insight or other interpretations of this would be much appreciated. I would also welcome references to other papers applying a similar methodology (<a href="http://www.bauer.uh.edu/departments/finance/documents/Religion.pdf" rel="nofollow">here is one</a>). A fully rigorous argument (or pointer towards one) justifying (or showing it to be incorrect) such a procedure would be optimal. </p>
74,072
[ -0.060663316398859024, -0.014803147874772549, 0.020091941580176353, -0.01688924804329872, 0.04363219067454338, 0.013189908117055893, -0.031827595084905624, 0.0034970270935446024, 0.03181308135390282, -0.029844069853425026, 0.03204358369112015, 0.04621659964323044, 0.08684486895799637, 0.04573214054107666, 0.01471343170851469, -0.00018807631568051875, -0.019490821287035942, 0.008781500160694122, -0.0035953770857304335, -0.05018291994929314, 0.0233920868486166, 0.0543731227517128, -0.032372426241636276, -0.030493732541799545, 0.006987693253904581, 0.01461386401206255, -0.006952245254069567, 0.015279397368431091, 0.05123203992843628, 0.04526406526565552, -0.05189216509461403, -0.017716502770781517, 0.026300465688109398, 0.03405270352959633, -0.013955903239548206, 0.016613829880952835, 0.014607424847781658, -0.04615640267729759, -0.008172053843736649, 0.02724020555615425, -0.013305827975273132, -0.027879100292921066, -0.007119235582649708, 0.01933949626982212, -0.03569188714027405, 0.017060164362192154, 0.011689476668834686, -0.017451966181397438, 0.05562784522771835, -0.022660136222839355, 0.07842747867107391, -0.006443290039896965, 0.01927291229367256, 0.03206334263086319, -0.01843431033194065, 0.00040037333383224905, 0.02452324517071247, 0.039704497903585434, -0.02561936527490616, -0.040751196444034576, -0.0005548828048631549, -0.013086318969726562, 0.00897130649536848, 0.03680635243654251, -0.016970360651612282, 0.020762868225574493, -0.01256670244038105, -0.04191328585147858, 0.031404074281454086, -0.06329140812158585, -0.006053023040294647, -0.017759107053279877, 0.017954323440790176, 0.0004633151984307915, -0.0013315087417140603, -0.009013728238642216, -0.0014997427351772785, 0.036151595413684845, 0.040325798094272614, -0.004488309845328331, 0.011855263262987137, 0.02218790538609028, 0.057029783725738525, 0.035040196031332016, 0.053215861320495605, 0.027628157287836075, 0.05555491894483566, -0.04374517500400543, 0.043566297739744186, 0.011743699200451374, 0.0018744152039289474, -0.009745032526552677, 0.013916798867285252, -0.01157430000603199, -0.0592285580933094, 0.03599916771054268, 0.012810125015676022, 0.0358058400452137, 0.016626514494419098, -0.008281934075057507, -0.011551875621080399, -0.0570727176964283, 0.016791412606835365, 0.019106805324554443, 0.021654481068253517, -0.01813030056655407, -0.02418101765215397, -0.002930345246568322, -0.011256865225732327, -0.053361427038908005, -0.0172943826764822, 0.00612167501822114, -0.0029667557682842016, -0.011567621491849422, 0.0024099061265587807, 0.021349895745515823, 0.023545198142528534, -0.01063320878893137, 0.06287749856710434, 0.043898116797208786, 0.003954112064093351, -0.007778994273394346, 0.03040563128888607, -0.011810393072664738, -0.08028610795736313, 0.03376930207014084, 0.018239278346300125, -0.030469371005892754, -0.08042121678590775, 0.06860050559043884, 0.03812173381447792, -0.02158944681286812, 0.02114356867969036, 0.015900764614343643, -0.011198282241821289, 0.029855098575353622, -0.09835729748010635, -0.06915246695280075, 0.05994274839758873, 0.006272596772760153, 0.04681824892759323, -0.07948806881904602, -0.014436699450016022, 0.03494562953710556, 0.06553428620100021, -0.03281832113862038, 0.05309329181909561, 0.012073169462382793, 0.052180156111717224, 0.016483908519148827, -0.03362931311130524, -0.02767741121351719, -0.014485037885606289, -0.04815313220024109, -0.038848571479320526, -0.09526581317186356, -0.01205312367528677, 0.03790678828954697, -0.029098395258188248, -0.0034718033857643604, 0.05070357397198677, 0.046916816383600235, -0.049705978482961655, 0.01934739761054516, -0.01600186713039875, -0.033006004989147186, 0.02898275852203369, 0.011673969216644764, 0.013163234107196331, 0.041586924344301224, -0.020424313843250275, 0.02131796069443226, 0.0046563465148210526, 0.06206462159752846, 0.01123143546283245, -0.04345737397670746, 0.059413060545921326, -0.017202649265527725, 0.004499170929193497, 0.014066776260733604, -0.0447789691388607, -0.006664728280156851, -0.027133533731102943, 0.00018170529801864177, 0.03381873294711113, 0.04461012780666351, -0.002740191062912345, 0.011821061372756958, 0.013695072382688522, -0.08222663402557373, -0.06363831460475922, -0.024601290002465248, 0.0035599786788225174, -0.059222087264060974, -0.013795164413750172, 0.022350026294589043, -0.0408492386341095, 0.04625997319817543, -0.0004412485286593437, -0.02275230921804905, 0.005128694232553244, -0.0020257430151104927, 0.0697363093495369, -0.04283524304628372, 0.03272707760334015, -0.003951827064156532, 0.024718493223190308, 0.02436901442706585, -0.003600900759920478, -0.04040062054991722, -0.040390994399785995, 0.03155714273452759, -0.04858553409576416, 0.02163911610841751, -0.03310556337237358, -0.047838419675827026, 0.033474043011665344, -0.03065350651741028, -0.009306412190198898, 0.007367411628365517, -0.028234992176294327, 0.010140016674995422, 0.04266711696982384, -0.02980264090001583, -0.0024317577481269836, 0.04644380882382393, 0.03782717138528824, 0.018517350777983665, -0.02620585821568966, -0.037705373018980026, -0.07461357861757278, -0.012942750006914139, 0.029732191935181618, 0.022564101964235306, -0.0007064704550430179, 0.021143639460206032, 0.07678480446338654, 0.0165109783411026, -0.042193420231342316, 0.042652200907468796, -0.007704537827521563, 0.005876882933080196, 0.00014922056288924068, 0.0005489927134476602, 0.01518049743026495, -0.0017139615956693888, 0.03251853585243225, -0.004851193632930517, 0.04362327232956886, 0.011569670401513577, 0.029337577521800995, 0.053811799734830856, -0.03876909613609314, 0.009858169592916965, -0.011356379836797714, -0.004466613754630089, 0.04867011308670044, -0.04302193596959114, 0.030687963590025902, 0.022692814469337463, 0.010053141973912716, 0.00545959547162056, -0.017754124477505684, -0.023343466222286224, 0.022513149306178093, 0.027381977066397667, -0.026642555370926857, -0.028774218633770943, 0.019697558134794235, -0.02739902213215828, -0.008399038575589657, -0.02561657316982746, 0.03951925039291382, -0.019034260883927345, -0.02265980653464794, 0.0225573368370533, 0.017049606889486313, 0.020403200760483742, -0.028150949627161026, -0.027489587664604187, -0.02328583598136902, 0.027368294075131416, 0.004370504524558783, -0.014893078245222569, -0.030448896810412407, -0.00223862798884511, 0.015174517408013344, -0.0080799525603652, 0.04149775207042694, -0.004956896882504225, 0.005755167454481125, 0.05609079450368881, 0.003916258458048105, -0.05453341826796532, -0.05284099653363228, -0.027727754786610603, 0.0244772806763649, -0.04746134206652641, -0.0501544289290905, 0.0278126522898674, 0.005327443592250347, -0.030727988108992577, 0.012796187773346901, -0.051372822374105453, 0.005071135703474283, -0.030310099944472313, -0.023990953341126442, 0.00035080593079328537, -0.04414237290620804, 0.010229761712253094, 0.008570992387831211, -0.006296336185187101, -0.0038183899596333504, -0.1012943759560585, -0.06637982279062271, -0.018502624705433846, -0.023598289117217064, 0.01797841489315033, 0.005070863291621208, -0.05330727994441986, 0.048791561275720596, 0.016144530847668648, -0.0722469761967659, -0.05156036838889122, 0.030776211991906166, -0.02670055814087391, -0.04332529008388519, 0.014839129522442818, 0.04431818425655365, 0.02751181833446026, 0.036309849470853806, -0.027475522831082344, 0.019278645515441895, 0.05080697312951088, 0.015338335186243057, 0.013760700821876526, -0.02562451921403408, -0.027576614171266556, -0.01802445389330387, -0.005739852786064148, 0.025225862860679626, 0.011274282820522785, -0.02040369249880314, 0.01729501411318779, 0.0027411270420998335, 0.010662341490387917, -0.02423834055662155, 0.019234608858823776, -0.011685491539537907, -0.033350735902786255, -0.04751898720860481, 0.01728147640824318, -0.03425542637705803, -0.030506489798426628, -0.029534773901104927, -0.005231256131082773, 0.01187248807400465, -0.004784721415489912, 0.013579702004790306, 0.027820847928524017, 0.03273874893784523, -0.008486474864184856, -0.01511416770517826, -0.029740000143647194, 0.025406451895833015, 0.04787144437432289, -0.03165872395038605, 0.0029596472159028053, 0.04547904431819916, 0.03273947536945343, -0.015303423628211021, 0.00004534633262665011, -0.036203522235155106, 0.0024220554623752832, -0.059042010456323624, -0.007782233878970146, -0.019178062677383423, 0.03539997339248657, 0.008972899056971073, 0.012915480881929398, 0.014210950583219528, 0.004043456166982651, 0.021457748487591743, -0.02028096839785576, -0.0966673418879509, -0.002429185900837183, -0.012010224163532257, -0.0012770176399499178, 0.013779466971755028, -0.013654530048370361, 0.00737722497433424, -0.004593825899064541, 0.01928126998245716, -0.010774645954370499, 0.020033325999975204, -0.043733373284339905, -0.0022975464817136526, -0.008196508511900902, -0.02423083409667015, 0.01029422227293253, -0.030351411551237106, 0.03276904672384262, -0.013841181993484497, 0.02431977540254593, 0.02277843840420246, -0.012232180684804916, -0.04169047623872757, -0.05572187155485153, 0.016163276508450508, 0.03803219273686409, 0.03966152295470238, -0.00031761894933879375, -0.0028464235365390778, -0.06356782466173172, 0.06444822251796722, 0.028595387935638428, 0.06530173122882843, 0.0314210020005703, -0.010276628658175468, -0.02165696583688259, -0.006202667020261288, -0.022149210795760155, 0.05777978524565697, -0.042149413377046585, 0.00018793725757859647, 0.00991862453520298, 0.08933258801698685, 0.04114830493927002, -0.011918213218450546, 0.03112151473760605, 0.06660429388284683, -0.018495099619030952, 0.050040509551763535, -0.039449531584978104, -0.01710798777639866, 0.012908946722745895, -0.005361838266253471, 0.042595136910676956, 0.023608963936567307, -0.021500220522284508, -0.019531555473804474, 0.029374985024333, -0.020305586978793144, -0.04145107418298721, -0.01910335384309292, 0.04033413156867027, 0.008934840559959412, -0.009878626093268394, -0.03805464133620262, 0.05187874287366867, 0.031072426587343216, 0.05191204696893692, 0.025703754276037216, 0.003151576966047287, -0.0861758217215538, 0.016269175335764885, 0.036744873970746994, 0.020296350121498108, -0.01398045476526022, 0.017851635813713074, -0.031028175726532936, -0.014119795523583889, -0.011118206195533276, -0.014375364407896996, 0.041963666677474976, -0.0035253181122243404, 0.020335819572210312, 0.0033468070905655622, -0.03666910529136658, -0.03962433338165283, -0.0012630861019715667, -0.011730154976248741, 0.04335510730743408, -0.009014446288347244, -0.030099492520093918, -0.042780034244060516, 0.024763982743024826, 0.01988283172249794, 0.04740842059254646, -0.015754330903291702, -0.02872411347925663, 0.005627437029033899, 0.02878630720078945, -0.01758742891252041, -0.06998953968286514, 0.004275492392480373, -0.004385245032608509, -0.017773112282156944, 0.016015103086829185, 0.011217428371310234, -0.03719235956668854, 0.021434439346194267, 0.02550402842462063, 0.0026163558941334486, 0.0179655309766531, -0.035923879593610764, 0.03266933187842369, 0.0023372338619083166, 0.04683065414428711, 0.03844267502427101, -0.0029304709751158953, 0.006545226089656353, 0.027062606066465378, -0.03600803762674332, -0.0073498310521245, 0.002780450042337179, -0.0011640522861853242, -0.037192877382040024, 0.009897730313241482, -0.04435672610998154, 0.001909276470541954, 0.01629800535738468, 0.0014368427218869328, -0.0019538505002856255, 0.00034650767338462174, 0.02433670125901699, -0.010464852675795555, 0.0053626783192157745, -0.007808630354702473, -0.02177831530570984, 0.030695630237460136, -0.004995088558644056, -0.009864609688520432, 0.02514130063354969, -0.04323485866189003, -0.004439153242856264, 0.044087886810302734, -0.021773317828774452, -0.009870464913547039, -0.003979654982686043, 0.00164004263933748, 0.030429163947701454, -0.0340057909488678, 0.03568826988339424, -0.003719333093613386, 0.03213512897491455, -0.005271652713418007, -0.03698441758751869, 0.009299824014306068, 0.007036479189991951, -0.004200564231723547, 0.02798866480588913, -0.010936529375612736, 0.026408933103084564, -0.00524888513609767, -0.04190145805478096, -0.05027901753783226, -0.06991724669933319, 0.032557711005210876, -0.017102116718888283, -0.06863996386528015, -0.017374657094478607, 0.035778529942035675, -0.050864361226558685, 0.017694668844342232, -0.012198279611766338, 0.0628914162516594, 0.011322559788823128, -0.025068676099181175, -0.00020171153300907463, 0.05486450716853142, 0.052581917494535446, -0.008136496879160404, -0.042453158646821976, 0.021144408732652664, -0.025274429470300674, -0.0007900361088104546, -0.02689427323639393, -0.0001878248731372878, -0.02970840409398079, -0.019068440422415733, -0.05738894268870354, -0.011176214553415775, 0.017432188615202904, -0.024290304630994797, -0.0066168042831122875, 0.023841984570026398, -0.002541051246225834, 0.00851073395460844, 0.0035763035994023085, 0.026278937235474586, -0.0039945198222994804, 0.0030307334382086992, -0.023688441142439842, -0.019770465791225433, -0.0037661734968423843, -0.028656119480729103, 0.001337146502919495, -0.009545132517814636, -0.06421368569135666, 0.048321228474378586, 0.06564965099096298, 0.02296329475939274, 0.011694640852510929, 0.022353023290634155, 0.006370724178850651, 0.04134939983487129, 0.03884812071919441, -0.003398912725970149, 0.01829877309501171, 0.018142763525247574, -0.012472947128117085, -0.05243614315986633, -0.011142234317958355, 0.06318669766187668, 0.04913689196109772, -0.009722034446895123, 0.03944164887070656, 0.042111657559871674, 0.04638385772705078, 0.001463853637687862, -0.02983454056084156, -0.005484944675117731, -0.008646059781312943, -0.004017369821667671, 0.07225558161735535, -0.013644637539982796, -0.016110405325889587, 0.029148107394576073, 0.011965195648372173, -0.0002211397368228063, 0.006824692245572805, 0.025943877175450325, 0.0463508777320385, -0.01147451251745224, -0.0000626863184152171, -0.014404473826289177, 0.05135902017354965, -0.039443887770175934, 0.005171061959117651, -0.02044600062072277, -0.010182025842368603, 0.021230027079582214, 0.029948877170681953, 0.01960000768303871, -0.05747878924012184, -0.03266622871160507, -0.024958046153187752, 0.01959909498691559, 0.008047990500926971, -0.008967103436589241, 0.048215560615062714, -0.01978660188615322, 0.03155225142836571, 0.014856756664812565, 0.06710737943649292, 0.009530818089842796, -0.05146625638008118, -0.02328064665198326, -0.025704892352223396, -0.006757006049156189, 0.038406454026699066, -0.03445148468017578, -0.0164318960160017, 0.03737708181142807, -0.07834850996732712, -0.024088019505143166, -0.00775555893778801, 0.01740100421011448, 0.016632290557026863, 0.07725882530212402, -0.006003469228744507, 0.013977300375699997, -0.01657775044441223, -0.013238425366580486, 0.14147163927555084, 0.04855824261903763, 0.01880192756652832, -0.07610800862312317, 0.0393901951611042, 0.006423255894333124, 0.03807184845209122, -0.035651564598083496, -0.014889540150761604, 0.01303143985569477, 0.026126528158783913, 0.0422164723277092, 0.08160974085330963, -0.015656130388379097, -0.014351418241858482, 0.03879261016845703, -0.03709514066576958, 0.013609101064503193, 0.01676725596189499, 0.0033183905761688948, 0.0396113395690918, -0.0026571713387966156, -0.014859396032989025, 0.023924317210912704, -0.003671293379738927, -0.016969943419098854, 0.0023278554435819387, -0.014333439990878105, -0.0015087459469214082, -0.008157373405992985, -0.0015114502748474479, 0.008819264359772205, 0.025085432454943657, 0.0030339458025991917, 0.028089143335819244, -0.006561857182532549, -0.010963620617985725, -0.05427708849310875, 0.01650071330368519, 0.030241746455430984, -0.02632715180516243, -0.02658073976635933, 0.03698880225419998, 0.025745997205376625, -0.01968936249613762, -0.02711515687406063, -0.036585770547389984, 0.028842730447649956, -0.013080548495054245, -0.025792431086301804, -0.04543391987681389, 0.005649470258504152, -0.006814489606767893, -0.006766247563064098, -0.002849918557330966, 0.004138842690736055, 0.017619341611862183, -0.0036773625761270523, -0.029063517227768898, -0.01538301445543766, -0.011971394531428814, 0.007025104947388172, 0.01822006329894066, 0.011368840001523495, -0.0458211675286293, -0.007505276706069708, 0.021522032096982002, 0.028232792392373085, -0.024713341146707535, 0.00813967827707529, -0.040083833038806915, 0.008879612199962139, -0.0633094534277916, -0.009189944714307785, -0.0069725229404866695, -0.0355469211935997, 0.03518364205956459, 0.02475842274725437, 0.0288693867623806, -0.011779218912124634, -0.04323247820138931, 0.010577172040939331, -0.02918306551873684, -0.031411170959472656, -0.04854987934231758, 0.015419530682265759, 0.01665366441011429, 0.00008112863724818453, -0.014417161233723164, -0.029385654255747795, 0.011110387742519379, 0.042151156812906265, -0.002288275631144643, 0.007378012407571077, -0.016092270612716675, -0.009061153046786785, -0.017641261219978333, -0.0055730571039021015, 0.014184537343680859, 0.04608656093478203, 0.04414435476064682, 0.013543902896344662, -0.003997772932052612, 0.035238515585660934, 0.01074441522359848, 0.00560440868139267, 0.015595774166285992, -0.03660953417420387, -0.009038757532835007, 0.030659647658467293, -0.02723725326359272, -0.03388519212603569, 0.01633632741868496, 0.006520514842122793, -0.009135802276432514, 0.012781767174601555, -0.005281359422951937, -0.05301548168063164, 0.030308203771710396, 0.007015799637883902, 0.06053899973630905, -0.04005961865186691, -0.013897276483476162, -0.010703287087380886, -0.01015029102563858, -0.026182247325778008, -0.021367358043789864, -0.038399647921323776, 0.02783823385834694, -0.04433244839310646, -0.003843555925413966, 0.08482315391302109, 0.009616268798708916, 0.0029747297521680593, 0.008753920905292034, 0.008365186862647533, 0.00025360906147398055, 0.003257384756579995, -0.020867114886641502, -0.03416455537080765, 0.0015979750314727426, -0.012757849879562855, -0.04508308693766594, 0.020445559173822403, 0.00780322914943099, 0.0334755964577198, -0.0004704287857748568, -0.01140517182648182, -0.005735426675528288, 0.03619038313627243, -0.0544840469956398, 0.022767478600144386, -0.0157565176486969, 0.008880898356437683, 0.024879716336727142, -0.022654378786683083, 0.011817029677331448, 0.011210642755031586, -0.018831921741366386, -0.008307702839374542, 0.06850615888834, -0.0011967226164415479, 0.006469631101936102, -0.0036987371277064085, -0.009950830601155758, -0.021595986559987068, -0.026608087122440338, 0.01304557640105486, 0.023458030074834824, 0.03189558908343315, 0.007733463775366545, 0.01749381422996521, -0.040616199374198914, -0.001753641408868134, -0.05876559019088745, -0.0067096431739628315, 0.014556176960468292, 0.026497967541217804, 0.014191235415637493, -0.015826789662241936, -0.02493656985461712, 0.012848545797169209, -0.029380133375525475, 0.0008272743434645236, 0.009856604970991611, -0.015050025656819344, -0.05424780026078224, -0.01206450629979372, -0.0035045023541897535, 0.01640174351632595, 0.04720994457602501, -0.020761540159583092, 0.02403680980205536, 0.030964320525527, -0.01157889049500227, -0.0307020153850317, 0.03079555556178093, 0.013093804940581322, 0.0021290797740221024, -0.04069456458091736, 0.0500057190656662, -0.0142573406919837, -0.055278196930885315, 0.028192924335598946, -0.021283209323883057, 0.026979180052876472, 0.04357803612947464, 0.049761928617954254, -0.010053385980427265, 0.029712313786149025, -0.013813875615596771, 0.010071287862956524, 0.015425494872033596, -0.0035053447354584932, 0.06189713999629021, 0.01859292946755886, -0.015701698139309883, 0.004749789834022522, 0.0073206680826842785, 0.0003956329601351172, -0.017290646210312843, -0.01601232960820198, -0.016213638707995415, -0.009756220504641533, -0.02342165634036064, 0.008512821048498154, -0.009224489331245422, -0.01604641042649746, 0.02554677054286003, -0.026324694976210594, -0.036315929144620895, 0.016949957236647606, 0.05846094712615013, -0.01962496154010296, 0.04368891939520836, 0.0038025989197194576, -0.018997566774487495, 0.06327509880065918, -0.01707172580063343, -0.011488756164908409, -0.030495302751660347, -0.012498283758759499, 0.03012608177959919, -0.011655328795313835, -0.04983018711209297, 0.038183391094207764, -0.005334574729204178, 0.03937707096338272, -0.020704485476017, 0.019998611882328987, 0.015933716669678688, -0.054925866425037384, 0.024540821090340614, -0.07442127913236618, 0.07878477871417999, 0.019723879173398018, 0.0006173792644403875, 0.0006908057257533073, -0.019206393510103226, -0.011792110279202461, -0.02874278463423252, 0.010376960039138794, -0.031984370201826096, 0.002164976904168725, 0.02847972884774208, 0.020203720778226852, -0.024542653933167458, -0.025104938074946404, 0.025200383737683296, -0.03230755031108856, -0.0022033019922673702, -0.006549803540110588, -0.053690794855356216, -0.00389311695471406, -0.01410385686904192, 0.04844764620065689, -0.03998183831572533, 0.0022485204972326756, 0.004307194147258997, 0.007531169336289167, 0.027698727324604988, 0.010196077637374401, 0.002691187895834446, 0.028233559802174568, 0.019787169992923737, 0.019396407529711723, 0.020711692050099373, -0.003019539173692465, -0.09173131734132767, 0.00843661930412054, -0.018484732136130333, -0.03787946701049805, -0.016679469496011734, 0.013133915141224861, 0.0414038822054863, -0.024089019745588303, -0.0031622201204299927, 0.035269614309072495, 0.0250730961561203, 0.014157411642372608, 0.0460474006831646, 0.025245120748877525, 0.025079933926463127, -0.006524635013192892, 0.011233623139560223, 0.037463683634996414, -0.004301717970520258, -0.03162328526377678, 0.005265096668154001, 0.04633517563343048, 0.035982560366392136, -0.003745120484381914, 0.0032021773513406515, 0.012693007476627827, 0.06561270356178284, -0.026617692783474922, 0.060625772923231125, -0.04417822137475014, -0.0350990928709507, 0.0238545760512352, 0.014714707620441914, 0.0002856587525457144, 0.011937933973968029, 0.0029933664482086897, 0.06019733101129532, 0.0038712506648153067, -0.013943435624241829, 0.005537722259759903, 0.004664761945605278, -0.0417182557284832, 0.002382849110290408, 0.022736424580216408, 0.037451595067977905, -0.006976173724979162, 0.007737514562904835, 0.022185247391462326, -0.010733946226537228, 0.017821229994297028, -0.03528771921992302, -0.01183248683810234, -0.01489245891571045, -0.010871694423258305, 0.0025707196909934282, -0.050508711487054825, -0.03668316453695297, -0.022736109793186188, 0.0224857609719038, 0.013407915830612183, -0.032428205013275146, -0.010406313464045525, -0.012145326472818851, -0.020384766161441803, 0.08044343441724777, -0.06992138177156448, -0.02091781049966812, -0.04389602318406105, -0.019598662853240967, 0.007519015576690435, -0.013190793804824352 ]
<p>I just went through the following work <a href="http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1199&amp;context=ijbf" rel="nofollow">http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1199&amp;context=ijbf</a> and was wondering what is the difference between model (9) on page 12 which models volatility as a function of past volatility and past error and model (10) which is the GARCH(1,1) model. Both seem to be of the same nature to me, please correct me if i'm wrong.</p>
74,073
[ -0.03064931370317936, -0.014268958941102028, 0.012115194462239742, -0.021728357300162315, 0.0572684071958065, 0.00870478618890047, -0.018774403259158134, 0.009240924380719662, 0.05529332906007767, -0.011701760813593864, 0.03820294514298439, 0.05403340235352516, 0.05493716150522232, 0.0027753205504268408, 0.03191259503364563, 0.03901331499218941, 0.0018929630750790238, -0.00032953504705801606, 0.025557376444339752, 0.013725483790040016, 0.015921421349048615, 0.024974098429083824, -0.02282535843551159, 0.017081595957279205, -0.014681592583656311, 0.013477745465934277, 0.0428624302148819, -0.012131369672715664, 0.03642580658197403, 0.03044307790696621, -0.03751645237207413, -0.012318795546889305, -0.020420057699084282, 0.026489851996302605, -0.0187507476657629, 0.018002638593316078, 0.0028930483385920525, -0.06786291301250458, -0.041666608303785324, 0.03974949195981026, -0.03835850581526756, 0.0063959816470742226, -0.021515224128961563, 0.055688582360744476, -0.019830504432320595, 0.013890278525650501, -0.030332831665873528, -0.010975765064358711, 0.05011138692498207, -0.04059000313282013, 0.07188840210437775, -0.019728627055883408, 0.009482811205089092, 0.04576479643583298, 0.03996017202734947, 0.032334376126527786, 0.054778240621089935, 0.06067851558327675, -0.012507953681051731, -0.06986969709396362, -0.033726874738931656, -0.00006557157030329108, 0.028094328939914703, -0.017716171219944954, -0.015124130062758923, 0.020308872684836388, 0.0012021169532090425, -0.057249363511800766, 0.024342382326722145, 0.0039459276013076305, 0.01915145106613636, 0.014421382918953896, 0.004525075666606426, -0.007027859333902597, 0.05541468784213066, -0.02696988172829151, -0.03166627138853073, 0.0465085506439209, 0.029333733022212982, -0.004386315122246742, 0.026888329535722733, 0.014669626951217651, 0.03601308912038803, 0.005564678926020861, 0.01683235913515091, 0.004997340030968189, 0.04564690217375755, -0.014726011082530022, 0.04870011284947395, 0.03660254552960396, -0.0381958894431591, 0.03894763067364693, 0.0022583522368222475, 0.004574516322463751, -0.051604632288217545, 0.045785415917634964, 0.018359795212745667, 0.007048274390399456, -0.015585224144160748, -0.04026723653078079, -0.0038712897803634405, -0.05708333104848862, 0.00296312989667058, 0.03413810208439827, -0.010356896556913853, -0.00513210566714406, 0.0014986485475674272, -0.05359511077404022, -0.0193613413721323, -0.06541901081800461, -0.056158844381570816, 0.010950165800750256, -0.026309847831726074, -0.024262655526399612, 0.004018294624984264, -0.011211973614990711, 0.01379132829606533, -0.02024075761437416, 0.057896003127098083, 0.05479251593351364, 0.013148455880582333, -0.012625373899936676, 0.017899882048368454, -0.014694174751639366, -0.05420203134417534, -0.018198121339082718, 0.05545716732740402, -0.019506003707647324, -0.044396866112947464, 0.07226352393627167, 0.014953234232962132, -0.026751866564154625, 0.04176278039813042, 0.043956637382507324, 0.027758602052927017, -0.019563300535082817, -0.08462782204151154, -0.03548820689320564, 0.058068566024303436, -0.029922351241111755, 0.03205181658267975, -0.04641502723097801, 0.013232225552201271, 0.016415057703852654, 0.052308499813079834, 0.050800077617168427, 0.04699285700917244, -0.005948470439761877, 0.02425616979598999, 0.015378196723759174, -0.02219996601343155, 0.001371509744785726, -0.003629447193816304, 0.00950840674340725, -0.029375948011875153, -0.0689874216914177, 0.012385394424200058, 0.025944767519831657, -0.034056998789310455, -0.0168745219707489, 0.05155462399125099, -0.01161644421517849, -0.0064576794393360615, 0.011103278025984764, -0.004528501536697149, -0.015760691836476326, 0.03879769146442413, -0.002295847749337554, 0.028594179078936577, 0.03844352811574936, -0.0034549098927527666, -0.016817860305309296, -0.007365276105701923, 0.026089297607541084, 0.019642554223537445, -0.013597310520708561, -0.00014185016334522516, -0.03129936009645462, -0.005746498238295317, 0.004550962708890438, -0.026874102652072906, -0.01245367992669344, -0.032698728144168854, -0.004175998270511627, -0.013094618916511536, 0.05145446956157684, 0.008962079882621765, -0.002777573186904192, 0.015707561746239662, -0.03801305964589119, -0.02429487742483616, -0.05765032768249512, 0.009276769123971462, -0.021912336349487305, -0.003239622339606285, 0.02444978803396225, -0.04800603538751602, 0.02385512925684452, 0.006043034605681896, -0.004325476009398699, 0.005293525289744139, 0.008195302449166775, 0.021922452375292778, -0.03806624189019203, -0.002469937317073345, 0.031022129580378532, 0.027700630947947502, -0.008653788827359676, 0.03215601667761803, -0.02023000828921795, -0.03380119428038597, 0.010037386789917946, -0.02712325006723404, 0.03305758535861969, 0.0077866376377642155, -0.06525857746601105, 0.02153363637626171, -0.010919309221208096, 0.002082627732306719, 0.0001601232070242986, -0.03858647495508194, 0.03519034385681152, 0.06294713169336319, -0.009457207284867764, -0.027434280142188072, 0.049815960228443146, 0.018806282430887222, 0.04124487563967705, -0.05175170302391052, -0.012385581620037556, -0.030007576569914818, -0.00978745985776186, 0.03581428900361061, 0.04435534402728081, -0.0039277891628444195, 0.006618058774620295, 0.0805521085858345, 0.009784930385649204, -0.008179869502782822, 0.015756387263536453, -0.01460990123450756, -0.04618576169013977, 0.02752404473721981, 0.04528789967298508, 0.04048058018088341, 0.010197204537689686, 0.025341788306832314, -0.004230815917253494, 0.036801498383283615, -0.020440634340047836, -0.0043384418822824955, 0.07236001640558243, -0.03829234838485718, 0.00002304078225279227, 0.011201946996152401, -0.012468894943594933, 0.05278601497411728, -0.02557717077434063, 0.0054993582889437675, 0.012676372192800045, -0.038781750947237015, -0.0029296264983713627, 0.030380960553884506, 0.009323474019765854, 0.02307722344994545, 0.008579228073358536, -0.020673196762800217, -0.01511530950665474, 0.010600205510854721, -0.03296547755599022, -0.023480944335460663, -0.0041914647445082664, -0.02700074389576912, -0.014157681725919247, 0.01199551671743393, 0.017517371103167534, 0.008517594076693058, 0.031106257811188698, 0.0012553108390420675, -0.03271368518471718, 0.020000187680125237, -0.013264923356473446, 0.046904098242521286, -0.0034653146285563707, -0.0680008977651596, 0.022148536518216133, -0.008833191357553005, 0.010044298134744167, 0.03755917772650719, 0.0027242437936365604, 0.027834296226501465, 0.005739014130085707, 0.0030150446109473705, -0.029321448877453804, -0.036239273846149445, -0.04019896313548088, 0.010494944639503956, 0.007864348590373993, -0.044308263808488846, 0.026970183476805687, -0.00003170641866745427, 0.009924814105033875, 0.02436179667711258, -0.03234286978840828, -0.029352843761444092, -0.03533695638179779, 0.008046598173677921, -0.0037412336096167564, -0.018207963556051254, 0.030300673097372055, 0.04213309660553932, -0.006182784214615822, -0.014502367936074734, -0.06718616187572479, -0.05292008817195892, 0.012634307146072388, -0.021470418199896812, 0.002418454270809889, 0.0004578256339300424, -0.000969196087680757, 0.06618383526802063, 0.018871132284402847, -0.014841818250715733, -0.020634841173887253, 0.012150983326137066, -0.036875709891319275, -0.0392288863658905, -0.015228481963276863, 0.025233270600438118, 0.008728114888072014, 0.024239826947450638, -0.011874520219862461, 0.029898274689912796, 0.07371479272842407, -0.018337523564696312, 0.01569282077252865, 0.012763048522174358, -0.0007212409982457757, 0.003919750917702913, 0.016871651634573936, 0.00946106668561697, 0.038632165640592575, -0.019136270508170128, -0.00887220073491335, 0.04000060260295868, 0.01549492683261633, -0.047729384154081345, 0.04175955429673195, 0.014139575883746147, -0.022112200036644936, -0.026712488383054733, 0.02911565639078617, -0.01062817219644785, -0.03386584669351578, -0.028355468064546585, 0.015286547131836414, 0.03265264630317688, -0.013294536620378494, 0.00469241663813591, 0.02774856612086296, 0.0024849935434758663, 0.016581658273935318, -0.021208925172686577, -0.017031008377671242, -0.011852051131427288, 0.04676389694213867, -0.006524760741740465, -0.01525263860821724, 0.03656064718961716, 0.04882185533642769, -0.003798571415245533, -0.013465817086398602, -0.05185559764504433, -0.014771748334169388, -0.0407528392970562, 0.020175086334347725, 0.006000114604830742, 0.05592475086450577, 0.04020799696445465, 0.03391408547759056, 0.001155752339400351, -0.010960773564875126, 0.025797657668590546, 0.0036044062580913305, -0.05932097136974335, 0.025587040930986404, 0.013994562439620495, -0.006765841506421566, -0.0058079734444618225, 0.02450147643685341, 0.028053032234311104, -0.013836167752742767, 0.006874173879623413, 0.00461916346102953, -0.008101473562419415, -0.04845772683620453, 0.01750897988677025, -0.033578261733055115, 0.017651168629527092, 0.00011584749154280871, 0.004027825780212879, 0.019169829785823822, -0.009164190851151943, 0.0631013736128807, 0.0401865616440773, 0.008745266124606133, -0.021895993500947952, -0.003121031215414405, 0.04658417031168938, 0.03686371445655823, 0.0020106243900954723, 0.05255961790680885, 0.004374995362013578, -0.03625737130641937, 0.07013501971960068, 0.0340581089258194, 0.05107591301202774, 0.06523735821247101, 0.013612260110676289, -0.019829103723168373, -0.04702362045645714, -0.02244941145181656, 0.005509998183697462, 0.00940385926514864, 0.010765362530946732, -0.00787232257425785, 0.06466765701770782, 0.003527412423864007, -0.004364315420389175, -0.00003411593570490368, 0.0624227300286293, -0.010590567253530025, 0.008734077215194702, -0.01950853504240513, 0.006590994540601969, 0.02031227946281433, -0.02709869109094143, 0.06214955821633339, -0.01849338598549366, -0.028271477669477463, -0.007551912683993578, 0.0515952929854393, -0.014070704579353333, -0.034108299762010574, 0.011084732599556446, 0.04783591255545616, 0.0476110503077507, 0.05496545135974884, -0.06201077252626419, 0.021610135212540627, 0.03767650946974754, 0.056555189192295074, 0.03629705309867859, 0.007111905142664909, -0.08080548793077469, -0.018586602061986923, 0.017707690596580505, 0.0030644217040389776, -0.06263310462236404, -0.02163895219564438, -0.04988723248243332, -0.017737533897161484, 0.015626557171344757, -0.03631315007805824, 0.031005866825580597, 0.006111240480095148, 0.01525326631963253, -0.011237560771405697, -0.04736064001917839, -0.0073008169420063496, 0.016656048595905304, -0.0033890751656144857, 0.025194698944687843, -0.01864946261048317, -0.015784787014126778, -0.012862348929047585, -0.0135126281529665, -0.009510533884167671, 0.05523189902305603, -0.04256845638155937, 0.008970420807600021, -0.013988225720822811, 0.03522012010216713, -0.041518986225128174, -0.08443247526884079, -0.009155389852821827, -0.032236628234386444, -0.00845563318580389, 0.04882471263408661, 0.011607682332396507, -0.03294989839196205, 0.013865379616618156, 0.009038399904966354, -0.0021897442638874054, -0.009851155802607536, -0.011709880083799362, 0.053361859172582626, 0.0053117950446903706, -0.041113145649433136, 0.050512365996837616, 0.02077118121087551, 0.019933240488171577, 0.01061177533119917, -0.014360442757606506, 0.008787741884589195, -0.0545157752931118, 0.0028129613492637873, -0.05980032682418823, 0.0010448393877595663, -0.03172048553824425, 0.03574993461370468, 0.02045801654458046, 0.038766175508499146, -0.03222651407122612, 0.004781467840075493, 0.036295946687459946, 0.029943453148007393, -0.004188662860542536, -0.015889737755060196, -0.004499098751693964, 0.028557876124978065, -0.03375698998570442, -0.007050866261124611, -0.011585700325667858, -0.0373222790658474, -0.04480968788266182, 0.01230098120868206, -0.024172168225049973, 0.014726325869560242, -0.00364494021050632, -0.026384014636278152, 0.0028397522401064634, -0.0048414431512355804, 0.02671837992966175, 0.005873071029782295, 0.01470020692795515, 0.021554309874773026, -0.03195417299866676, -0.014321458525955677, -0.0018170757684856653, 0.017816858366131783, 0.028515655547380447, -0.03418077528476715, 0.007434249855577946, 0.002165535232052207, -0.05074467882514, -0.07012030482292175, -0.03857097029685974, 0.059996023774147034, -0.012098778039216995, -0.07762505859136581, -0.0014666439965367317, -0.008752196095883846, -0.036679644137620926, 0.0010163747938349843, -0.02828254923224449, 0.04881379380822182, 0.012026925571262836, -0.04131976515054703, 0.012510165572166443, 0.030543748289346695, 0.03913760185241699, -0.013255634345114231, -0.020596861839294434, 0.00535890506580472, -0.03575781732797623, -0.004229644313454628, 0.0061921910382807255, 0.046567633748054504, -0.041708510369062424, 0.02736477367579937, -0.029930785298347473, -0.0144615164026618, 0.03886375576257706, -0.037985604256391525, 0.01106933318078518, 0.00500331399962306, 0.02353263460099697, 0.03440087288618088, 0.0040851617231965065, 0.009832567535340786, -0.026182714849710464, 0.03600301221013069, -0.015702862292528152, 0.002250128658488393, -0.014617337845265865, -0.0040946234948933125, 0.048954226076602936, -0.029784714803099632, -0.01823432557284832, 0.04376330226659775, 0.10005214810371399, -0.03392636775970459, 0.02109922096133232, 0.019851697608828545, 0.006893721409142017, 0.03364884480834007, -0.029086899012327194, 0.05710447207093239, 0.027223894372582436, 0.009368070401251316, -0.04525207355618477, -0.03559744730591774, -0.01888240873813629, 0.0177466981112957, 0.08749270439147949, -0.03607292100787163, 0.044656287878751755, -0.019201958552002907, 0.009092988446354866, 0.003934710286557674, -0.0565854087471962, -0.023267511278390884, 0.02018665336072445, -0.038403067737817764, 0.06433198601007462, -0.02228740230202675, -0.013172648847103119, 0.04327883571386337, -0.01307221781462431, 0.030255012214183807, 0.037907980382442474, 0.033438790589571, 0.007113225758075714, -0.04393072798848152, 0.021823009476065636, -0.01300795003771782, 0.044132132083177567, -0.02714068442583084, 0.037994105368852615, -0.051187071949243546, -0.01826700009405613, 0.048004165291786194, 0.06126900762319565, 0.0037403814494609833, -0.050172869116067886, -0.014451663009822369, -0.0700126439332962, 0.023229273036122322, 0.0448882170021534, 0.008717103861272335, -0.017344996333122253, 0.027289889752864838, 0.03382333740592003, 0.01033372525125742, 0.05618617311120033, -0.03047199547290802, -0.10073697566986084, -0.02903059497475624, 0.01925322785973549, -0.030659213662147522, 0.03742135316133499, -0.014964881353080273, -0.03996141999959946, 0.01264537125825882, -0.04879368841648102, -0.0033210653346031904, 0.013356664218008518, -0.004095999989658594, -0.00828482210636139, 0.10944587737321854, 0.006759626790881157, 0.023126808926463127, -0.005406229291111231, 0.011634578928351402, 0.1112278550863266, 0.08584804087877274, 0.010350855067372322, -0.07854057103395462, 0.0012780933175235987, -0.008772886358201504, 0.006818578578531742, -0.03357819467782974, 0.0011451882310211658, 0.008904458954930305, -0.023099780082702637, 0.031061677262187004, 0.0389588437974453, -0.019207926467061043, -0.052841946482658386, 0.020496390759944916, -0.00026099057868123055, -0.017622148618102074, -0.008342656306922436, -0.007191138342022896, 0.01200245600193739, 0.0017644853796809912, -0.029559878632426262, 0.029769469052553177, 0.014155897311866283, -0.034915514290332794, -0.027909208089113235, -0.03260444849729538, -0.005735401995480061, 0.019110824912786484, -0.0003151927376165986, 0.00732795475050807, 0.007789554074406624, 0.005690424237400293, -0.03321877866983414, 0.0018885877216234803, -0.011975874193012714, -0.007888004183769226, 0.0314275361597538, 0.02386392094194889, -0.013369294814765453, -0.014119375497102737, 0.031926270574331284, 0.02369508519768715, -0.0445873998105526, -0.03989434987306595, -0.03837071731686592, 0.030161406844854355, -0.012235848233103752, -0.004438882227987051, -0.0046647414565086365, -0.007483743596822023, -0.005899270065128803, -0.04569445177912712, -0.049334824085235596, 0.029774613678455353, 0.022559931501746178, -0.044159356504678726, -0.014542931690812111, -0.06791401654481888, 0.003053450956940651, -0.012608432210981846, 0.04060561954975128, 0.013038006611168385, -0.05274756997823715, 0.013616427779197693, -0.03799319267272949, 0.03897394239902496, -0.04756133630871773, 0.0304856076836586, -0.002117557218298316, 0.004838133230805397, -0.04745287075638771, -0.014007166028022766, 0.04384912922978401, 0.02533889375627041, 0.03139578923583031, -0.007213950622826815, -0.021743569523096085, -0.0002979002892971039, -0.040922749787569046, 0.014870149083435535, 0.009743990376591682, -0.00905416626483202, -0.04272241145372391, -0.0008371729636564851, 0.026871174573898315, -0.00798830110579729, 0.008233753964304924, 0.041665006428956985, -0.029415413737297058, 0.022885015234351158, 0.012742270715534687, -0.056793347001075745, -0.032292526215314865, 0.02605629153549671, -0.01412105094641447, -0.04390008747577667, -0.025989552959799767, 0.02502538077533245, 0.030167050659656525, 0.03818139806389809, -0.04332597926259041, 0.044749900698661804, 0.007124219089746475, 0.024773864075541496, 0.012212280184030533, -0.04262079298496246, 0.0005686807562597096, 0.01786547340452671, 0.014798810705542564, -0.025471189990639687, -0.013204887509346008, -0.0038063263054937124, -0.0007041742210276425, 0.020814567804336548, 0.004578405991196632, -0.04148142412304878, 0.011887668631970882, -0.005736930295825005, 0.008215694688260555, -0.04646741598844528, -0.01740475930273533, -0.008157411590218544, 0.020028943195939064, -0.003240529913455248, 0.0037471246905624866, 0.00976543128490448, 0.008236375637352467, -0.021872563287615776, -0.017930563539266586, 0.05095257610082626, 0.005618807394057512, 0.0019266374874860048, -0.03988537937402725, 0.024733109399676323, -0.014432710595428944, 0.04035373777151108, -0.04588763043284416, -0.06114795804023743, 0.025189287960529327, -0.023894909769296646, -0.011970088817179203, 0.026360662654042244, 0.053551383316516876, 0.004536278545856476, 0.001104063936509192, 0.008000148460268974, -0.053782764822244644, 0.040709417313337326, -0.011025490239262581, -0.004074732773005962, 0.015303820371627808, -0.010750992223620415, -0.022769903764128685, -0.04684612154960632, -0.012539345771074295, 0.00844209548085928, 0.03182469680905342, 0.028330104425549507, 0.04892013221979141, 0.01749226078391075, -0.029342954978346825, -0.003481220221146941, -0.017807800322771072, -0.008310389705002308, -0.0015440522693097591, -0.0019010364776477218, 0.0123268011957407, 0.032177504152059555, -0.015987372025847435, 0.012456575408577919, -0.0058705974370241165, -0.0013418082380667329, -0.041788335889577866, -0.012391511350870132, 0.025621134787797928, 0.018826669082045555, 0.023084070533514023, -0.029904711991548538, 0.020822258666157722, 0.016277197748422623, -0.02328510582447052, -0.03186853229999542, 0.019929012283682823, 0.034885771572589874, -0.020327355712652206, 0.008584327064454556, -0.05815811827778816, 0.05233178660273552, 0.015031022019684315, 0.004422641824930906, 0.03520941361784935, 0.040457338094711304, 0.008520534262061119, -0.04388244077563286, -0.008256878703832626, 0.062103040516376495, -0.001177444588392973, -0.05365306884050369, 0.03222588077187538, -0.026467174291610718, -0.056698791682720184, 0.04273696616292, 0.020159414038062096, 0.015817657113075256, 0.014339196495711803, 0.03229984641075134, 0.010584657080471516, 0.02195822261273861, 0.026098718866705894, 0.016856873407959938, 0.004035238176584244, -0.008242464624345303, 0.01349031925201416, -0.0025917435996234417, 0.022689921781420708, 0.02274937368929386, 0.012797709554433823, -0.034977514296770096, 0.004928979557007551, -0.007306624203920364, -0.014668601565063, -0.014708060771226883, -0.016094565391540527, -0.0015240032225847244, 0.02625410258769989, -0.03742920234799385, 0.008059445768594742, -0.026109768077731133, -0.03964678943157196, 0.04426965489983559, 0.0074681383557617664, -0.034683652222156525, 0.041131049394607544, -0.03410348296165466, -0.03386273607611656, 0.019777698442339897, 0.03171449154615402, -0.018034398555755615, -0.04008394852280617, -0.007752374745905399, 0.023226406425237656, -0.03822627663612366, -0.018257981166243553, -0.02205468900501728, -0.04132837802171707, 0.028026264160871506, -0.032150495797395706, 0.0055453721433877945, 0.024898596107959747, -0.0153209762647748, 0.020340317860245705, -0.0800640732049942, 0.07439139485359192, -0.022174468263983727, -0.08278955519199371, 0.006345792207866907, -0.03272959589958191, -0.03698309510946274, -0.020404184237122536, 0.041807398200035095, -0.024414435029029846, -0.025198526680469513, 0.01677730306982994, 0.01945638656616211, -0.013865265063941479, -0.0325939878821373, 0.0598507821559906, -0.008120969869196415, 0.015675973147153854, 0.008966811001300812, -0.03002488985657692, -0.02136056125164032, 0.031092418357729912, 0.03228089585900307, -0.0375174842774868, -0.0067710974253714085, -0.010635728016495705, -0.041280243545770645, 0.01842501200735569, 0.023725779727101326, -0.010618839412927628, 0.05703933537006378, -0.003834649920463562, 0.007462905719876289, 0.043623048812150955, 0.021090829744935036, -0.046880144625902176, 0.017743758857250214, -0.018827546387910843, 0.0024981482420116663, -0.022204255685210228, 0.01012385543435812, 0.034643013030290604, -0.04621680825948715, -0.03901481628417969, 0.0312708280980587, -0.04229319840669632, 0.018304521217942238, 0.026387928053736687, 0.005193112418055534, 0.021597154438495636, -0.01921658031642437, 0.0042356448248028755, 0.014940093271434307, -0.031558409333229065, -0.009612459689378738, -0.008494630455970764, 0.05792829766869545, 0.023656146600842476, 0.012208622880280018, 0.01432782132178545, -0.052014876157045364, 0.03364260867238045, -0.03941982612013817, 0.015421824529767036, -0.07336457818746567, -0.023715857416391373, -0.00735944090411067, -0.007147772703319788, -0.026162512600421906, 0.011638348922133446, -0.020834792405366898, 0.051477331668138504, -0.05497700348496437, 0.0051012649200856686, 0.026261722669005394, 0.004603785928338766, -0.028076255694031715, -0.004287073388695717, 0.026219720020890236, 0.004103000275790691, 0.009267768822610378, -0.026516608893871307, -0.0041082436218857765, 0.015071474015712738, 0.014145893044769764, -0.04730886593461037, -0.003209463320672512, -0.0017089226748794317, -0.028394214808940887, -0.04384947568178177, -0.03714647889137268, -0.051138270646333694, 0.014478420838713646, 0.024756627157330513, -0.023767059668898582, 0.009295666590332985, -0.06316328048706055, -0.017825407907366753, 0.00019223552953917533, 0.07296103239059448, -0.09930337220430374, 0.005719305481761694, -0.01624882034957409, -0.004846012219786644, -0.011234917677938938, -0.007737745065242052 ]
<p>In an experiment several measurements are taken using similar but different measuring instruments. (The number of measurement tools used in a single experiment could range from 2 to 500 instruments, but most have a low number (~2 - 3) of instruments used.) Since all the instruments are measuring the same effect, it is expected that they produce similar measurements, but possibly with difference sources and levels of noise. Some of the measuring tools may unknowingly be malfunctioning and produce erroneous data altogether. This means most of the measurements are somewhat correlated (> 0.8), but some could be uncorrelated or even inversely correlated. How can one summarize the measurements of the instruments in such a way as to best represent the real value of the quantity being measured?</p> <p>Possible approaches to this problem might include using:</p> <p>(1) a regression model to fit the measurements and then interpolate the measurement's summarized value, (2) the first component of a principle component analysis, (3) or the scores from a factor analysis.</p> <p>Which method is most appropriate for dealing with the task or is another approach better for doing this summarization?</p>
74,074
[ -0.044550102204084396, 0.03864390775561333, -0.026831163093447685, -0.017899487167596817, 0.034965451806783676, 0.031496502459049225, 0.0022402815520763397, -0.01476618554443121, 0.0408606193959713, 0.0007192608900368214, 0.01791658066213131, 0.04559523984789848, 0.042200732976198196, 0.013245997950434685, 0.009990320540964603, -0.015020759776234627, -0.010408674366772175, 0.031803641468286514, -0.00014538911636918783, -0.04263616353273392, 0.005341233219951391, 0.01426302082836628, 0.0020261299796402454, -0.01835852488875389, -0.027896573767066002, 0.0641743615269661, 0.01908724755048752, -0.03322964534163475, 0.014616819098591805, 0.019333692267537117, -0.040168002247810364, 0.006538654211908579, -0.01108373049646616, 0.03786550089716911, 0.015137125737965107, -0.023764409124851227, 0.010252765379846096, 0.000940163095947355, 0.0037523407954722643, 0.047851577401161194, -0.031072864308953285, -0.026374733075499535, 0.0002496841480024159, 0.0015822640853002667, -0.006669948343187571, -0.015667172148823738, -0.02587711252272129, -0.046239033341407776, 0.014430402778089046, -0.041414305567741394, 0.0692225843667984, 0.030298959463834763, 0.044258661568164825, 0.04129846394062042, -0.05753375589847565, 0.019681891426444054, 0.04690317064523697, 0.06495217233896255, -0.007033315021544695, -0.06466204673051834, -0.017864475026726723, -0.0204884335398674, 0.03883407637476921, 0.013316556811332703, -0.029374029487371445, 0.06295780092477798, -0.013207471929490566, -0.014488445594906807, 0.04895484074950218, 0.0023392552975565195, 0.017134664580225945, 0.00781476590782404, 0.048209793865680695, -0.020260918885469437, 0.006684528663754463, -0.03665366396307945, 0.026364311575889587, 0.0426977314054966, 0.06628880649805069, 0.04750838503241539, -0.004466525744646788, -0.014748607762157917, -0.0032691338565200567, 0.03301379084587097, 0.030730238184332848, -0.009831826202571392, 0.06509330868721008, -0.05889304727315903, -0.004234441556036472, 0.019274253398180008, 0.01604127511382103, -0.0008761762292124331, 0.02807038091123104, 0.027072357013821602, -0.023319061845541, 0.028791967779397964, -0.0074271950870752335, 0.040259428322315216, 0.0160275399684906, 0.0003139528853353113, 0.015017344616353512, -0.031809285283088684, 0.023632396012544632, 0.03130560368299484, -0.006630189251154661, 0.0034614072646945715, -0.025055700913071632, 0.00343529530800879, -0.024937529116868973, -0.037836793810129166, 0.03258822485804558, -0.007512641604989767, 0.03066830337047577, 0.0232900008559227, 0.03889784216880798, 0.011464142240583897, -0.03057895600795746, -0.0303889662027359, 0.06239262595772743, 0.07782331109046936, 0.01937691681087017, -0.05219830572605133, 0.0026643811725080013, -0.030866198241710663, -0.04292701929807663, 0.025198474526405334, -0.009063919074833393, -0.019253769889473915, -0.038673192262649536, 0.04878905788064003, 0.003713382175192237, -0.03814075514674187, 0.05597758665680885, -0.01883879490196705, 0.021746719256043434, -0.0092008076608181, -0.10088448971509933, -0.07484085112810135, 0.026080351322889328, -0.027911297976970673, -0.014765837229788303, -0.0595870167016983, -0.027499614283442497, 0.005936802830547094, 0.05939815193414688, 0.020199840888381004, 0.016583789139986038, 0.022046629339456558, 0.039107780903577805, 0.016748547554016113, -0.02102643996477127, -0.040162745863199234, 0.010187874548137188, -0.02872898057103157, -0.02372337318956852, -0.048677340149879456, -0.00009660222713137046, 0.054015252739191055, -0.029556263238191605, 0.05384492129087448, 0.016226960346102715, 0.03244010731577873, -0.027455979958176613, 0.03479774296283722, 0.03624182194471359, -0.009196809493005276, 0.04113519564270973, -0.019747303798794746, 0.01289085578173399, 0.03778466209769249, 0.004769017919898033, 0.004011271987110376, 0.019653083756566048, 0.02754046581685543, 0.056140363216400146, -0.004331940785050392, 0.02006996050477028, 0.008743682876229286, 0.008678501471877098, 0.018822869285941124, -0.04376688227057457, -0.05319998413324356, 0.002698503667488694, 0.00217216438613832, 0.07101467996835709, 0.05758465453982353, -0.013591153547167778, -0.03388470783829689, 0.03799638897180557, -0.05020217224955559, -0.05042232573032379, -0.06680929660797119, 0.017577314749360085, -0.01952305994927883, -0.026535602286458015, 0.048402901738882065, -0.014514736831188202, 0.031087327748537064, -0.00443999981507659, -0.014423594810068607, -0.014294866472482681, -0.00539533281698823, 0.06260185688734055, -0.02872570790350437, 0.005110451951622963, 0.020416129380464554, 0.06530293077230453, -0.034172676503658295, 0.0395362414419651, -0.012792238965630531, -0.0675363764166832, -0.014335304498672485, -0.029809601604938507, 0.006131966132670641, 0.01268814317882061, -0.010194440372288227, 0.015095443464815617, -0.017764516174793243, -0.03664806857705116, 0.01074127946048975, -0.06112620607018471, 0.05935058742761612, 0.03693225234746933, -0.031905170530080795, -0.009360780008137226, 0.012237847782671452, 0.019556017592549324, 0.038803908973932266, -0.02087351679801941, -0.004856734070926905, -0.04433789104223251, -0.00506398594006896, 0.021644964814186096, 0.04972919076681137, -0.052634112536907196, 0.011248422786593437, 0.05753166601061821, 0.038093194365501404, 0.01339473482221365, -0.003697254927828908, 0.009653542190790176, 0.012593232095241547, 0.007039003074169159, 0.018826551735401154, -0.0026070321910083294, -0.011840855702757835, -0.007591992616653442, 0.007498713675886393, 0.01655321568250656, 0.011804723180830479, 0.04431824013590813, 0.04650353267788887, 0.028329236432909966, 0.026555802673101425, -0.0286322720348835, -0.030397038906812668, 0.026953645050525665, -0.015530242584645748, 0.030737658962607384, -0.005197781138122082, -0.004525350872427225, -0.014876792207360268, 0.01996099390089512, -0.024206025525927544, 0.009481226094067097, 0.024208486080169678, -0.03460812568664551, 0.008648835122585297, 0.01306922733783722, -0.03287163004279137, 0.017057476565241814, -0.06861762702465057, -0.019953705370426178, -0.03883194178342819, 0.03069169446825981, 0.03934744372963905, -0.031657956540584564, 0.028444457799196243, -0.03452605754137039, -0.029513832181692123, -0.01906617358326912, -0.011713500134646893, -0.009665289893746376, 0.03021625056862831, -0.05718200281262398, -0.012065180577337742, -0.03098169155418873, -0.0010288209887221456, 0.011024154722690582, -0.015976475551724434, -0.004963833838701248, 0.047775574028491974, 0.016438256949186325, -0.053188256919384, 0.003374581690877676, -0.01611444167792797, 0.034206368029117584, 0.010569339618086815, -0.02182011492550373, 0.015984922647476196, -0.007833288982510567, -0.007384533528238535, 0.013703897595405579, -0.045690588653087616, -0.00798903126269579, 0.027850370854139328, -0.027680575847625732, 0.010411658324301243, 0.0043694754131138325, -0.02224450558423996, 0.018634749576449394, -0.029166096821427345, -0.026412520557641983, -0.06629161536693573, -0.08809293806552887, 0.031983762979507446, 0.03664203733205795, 0.03953460231423378, 0.008791165426373482, -0.013882100582122803, 0.06964340806007385, 0.018566878512501717, -0.04278187081217766, -0.032590318471193314, 0.013020392507314682, 0.008513464592397213, -0.027546148747205734, 0.0009773937053978443, -0.008099298924207687, -0.0020263968035578728, 0.033145684748888016, -0.008208608254790306, 0.0041250986978411674, 0.03461337462067604, 0.027306975796818733, -0.012771173380315304, 0.015264012850821018, 0.01645420677959919, -0.008061685599386692, 0.004032375756651163, 0.05274882912635803, -0.02461014688014984, 0.009325812570750713, 0.029604651033878326, 0.02869359962642193, 0.006837992463260889, -0.061264052987098694, 0.0025357375852763653, -0.00626717135310173, 0.002723558573052287, -0.0503871887922287, -0.01026587188243866, 0.03721702843904495, -0.008824596181511879, -0.03148901090025902, 0.035304438322782516, 0.00024867441970855, -0.02447471208870411, 0.009942959994077682, 0.06042337045073509, 0.03522977605462074, -0.010500442236661911, -0.029056677594780922, -0.034373071044683456, -0.023045672103762627, 0.024621283635497093, -0.010307732969522476, -0.008824620395898819, 0.03388460353016853, 0.02954791858792305, 0.0097422506660223, -0.012261060997843742, -0.048427242785692215, 0.031667888164520264, -0.10705091059207916, -0.019572623074054718, -0.056283723562955856, 0.04926161468029022, 0.0063141509890556335, 0.035207126289606094, 0.030362417921423912, -0.0345425009727478, -0.021197810769081116, -0.009661231189966202, -0.07276454567909241, 0.009970900602638721, -0.008689207024872303, 0.009442090056836605, 0.018109966069459915, -0.011318438686430454, 0.013134748674929142, -0.040182843804359436, 0.03407919406890869, 0.0016270620981231332, 0.06089401990175247, -0.034593723714351654, -0.019665246829390526, -0.0023044967092573643, -0.020970920100808144, -0.014640461653470993, 0.009992044419050217, 0.03935310244560242, -0.014837284572422504, 0.01792089454829693, 0.0026598384138196707, -0.019463706761598587, -0.03320816904306412, -0.034424830228090286, 0.003266260726377368, -0.007570258341729641, 0.03786966949701309, -0.01176914107054472, 0.03601432964205742, -0.002600032137706876, 0.06356047093868256, -0.0010752801317721605, 0.05023261904716492, 0.005197741091251373, -0.027221905067563057, -0.0058327023871243, -0.008046288974583149, 0.0031861092429608107, -0.009266136214137077, 0.04684479162096977, 0.02538887970149517, -0.03467345982789993, 0.028478484600782394, 0.05432365834712982, -0.023230010643601418, 0.04553209990262985, 0.017288779839873314, 0.024898884817957878, -0.019568707793951035, -0.027508210390806198, -0.008928436785936356, -0.0010456618620082736, -0.009638014249503613, 0.029362980276346207, 0.008945115841925144, 0.030748233199119568, -0.027621077373623848, 0.038628142327070236, 0.006003424990922213, -0.031661100685596466, 0.010227597318589687, 0.039735376834869385, 0.036993082612752914, -0.0060530249029397964, -0.021504968404769897, 0.02497623860836029, 0.07489018142223358, 0.011739430949091911, 0.03469295799732208, -0.014881959185004234, -0.07405468821525574, 0.025402743369340897, 0.026480071246623993, 0.012456206604838371, -0.033280085772275925, 0.01954219862818718, -0.030175916850566864, -0.0170492772012949, 0.013974222354590893, -0.030424535274505615, 0.010084017179906368, -0.02734982594847679, 0.033064380288124084, -0.03765792399644852, -0.026296118274331093, -0.038488686084747314, -0.007053046952933073, -0.0065687792375683784, 0.03798908740282059, 0.004758318420499563, -0.01436799205839634, -0.04028936102986336, 0.017069576308131218, 0.012686372734606266, 0.05636129528284073, 0.012968717142939568, 0.016707107424736023, 0.03569182753562927, 0.026159146800637245, -0.010544913820922375, -0.048630136996507645, 0.007144636008888483, -0.003259476972743869, -0.024265868589282036, 0.0355999618768692, -0.0010433928109705448, -0.03788520395755768, 0.007105350494384766, -0.00981124397367239, 0.008552566170692444, 0.0018444400047883391, -0.02085566520690918, 0.05591960996389389, 0.04406525194644928, 0.02370409294962883, 0.05309426039457321, -0.0059542106464505196, 0.011855273507535458, 0.024946384131908417, -0.034094326198101044, -0.0021601258777081966, -0.024442007765173912, -0.028309322893619537, -0.018951788544654846, -0.003802571212872863, 0.010583315044641495, 0.038769591599702835, -0.009974746964871883, 0.07215544581413269, -0.005546064581722021, -0.0036931794602423906, -0.01858002133667469, 0.01622636243700981, -0.03177309408783913, -0.019991273060441017, 0.019306816160678864, 0.012193562462925911, 0.025175180286169052, -0.023978661745786667, 0.0068847667425870895, -0.0038663672748953104, 0.008668013848364353, 0.019258495420217514, -0.031970903277397156, 0.036863043904304504, -0.05365616828203201, -0.0019963462837040424, 0.036384645849466324, -0.04005131497979164, 0.04170486703515053, -0.03671814128756523, 0.0416422039270401, 0.021279774606227875, -0.031074846163392067, -0.052525125443935394, 0.024868687614798546, 0.019022634252905846, 0.05344671756029129, -0.03910604491829872, 0.005613434128463268, -0.03727499768137932, -0.024616530165076256, -0.06652837246656418, -0.03985728323459625, 0.03194965422153473, 0.02708614431321621, 0.020732460543513298, 0.0011532672215253115, 0.004452848341315985, -0.010097131133079529, -0.006174858659505844, -0.020886341109871864, 0.06180783361196518, -0.030636195093393326, -0.024857008829712868, -0.010115320794284344, 0.05618952214717865, 0.08977903425693512, -0.05253121256828308, -0.03748878091573715, 0.004545493517071009, -0.022448694333434105, -0.031320616602897644, 0.008531985804438591, -0.000983621459454298, -0.04765438660979271, 0.000827750947792083, -0.036644820123910904, 0.02189968340098858, 0.03133738785982132, -0.007375873159617186, 0.028544936329126358, -0.004166571889072657, -0.009405824355781078, -0.02535446546971798, -0.03402414545416832, 0.010047020390629768, -0.029270190745592117, 0.013950053602457047, 0.00302719883620739, 0.0028224883135408163, -0.02754879742860794, 0.0022165579721331596, 0.006371352821588516, 0.00769756268709898, -0.06838541477918625, 0.008620009757578373, 0.0488085076212883, 0.009349699132144451, 0.021488485857844353, 0.01239240262657404, -0.022176753729581833, 0.03973768278956413, 0.015866726636886597, 0.02320484071969986, 0.009961316362023354, 0.03298179805278778, -0.005769752431660891, -0.024363992735743523, -0.015137526206672192, -0.029289310798048973, 0.07286334782838821, 0.023877233266830444, 0.040465347468853, 0.12102793157100677, -0.004713255912065506, 0.010929843410849571, -0.03435176983475685, 0.010258374735713005, 0.007239574566483498, 0.008850363083183765, 0.08689869195222855, -0.048614613711833954, -0.03683238476514816, -0.000008663860171509441, 0.02370302937924862, -0.00001605432407814078, 0.019667884334921837, -0.029688769951462746, 0.05225393548607826, -0.010762780904769897, -0.028145981952548027, -0.06001810356974602, 0.013290694914758205, -0.056501906365156174, 0.004531042650341988, -0.0035416337195783854, -0.040123894810676575, 0.01958940550684929, 0.021115271374583244, -0.017554040998220444, -0.03457534313201904, -0.024498602375388145, -0.05172599107027054, -0.012279164977371693, 0.023252859711647034, 0.000017785761883715168, 0.025025561451911926, -0.02179783023893833, 0.051959920674562454, -0.008641825057566166, 0.0383436493575573, -0.05612462759017944, -0.05844220146536827, -0.031189309433102608, 0.01421806775033474, -0.0032741581089794636, 0.030760176479816437, -0.02215750142931938, -0.024610072374343872, 0.043131109327077866, -0.022274216637015343, 0.019381802529096603, -0.0012586311204358935, 0.023936215788125992, -0.0391339436173439, 0.011160842142999172, -0.00011076844384660944, 0.017935695126652718, -0.008645383641123772, -0.02411598153412342, 0.10875352472066879, 0.06860622763633728, 0.037694014608860016, -0.05223457142710686, 0.037974461913108826, 0.02034870907664299, 0.021895775571465492, 0.005076289176940918, 0.020332153886556625, 0.0033012647181749344, 0.0006879426073282957, 0.031431280076503754, 0.06501533836126328, -0.018035590648651123, 0.03863644227385521, 0.05982021242380142, -0.011704361997544765, 0.0011753418948501348, 0.01437290571630001, 0.012746739201247692, 0.0350269190967083, -0.019250379875302315, -0.025002602487802505, 0.027982613071799278, 0.0006083904299885035, -0.03926325589418411, -0.01147703267633915, -0.020459698513150215, -0.020845212042331696, 0.028997449204325676, 0.00301327183842659, 0.04130137711763382, 0.018522080034017563, 0.0230011697858572, 0.012397613376379013, 0.014758587814867496, 0.03867131844162941, -0.03380236029624939, 0.024939613416790962, -0.010857672430574894, 0.007918911054730415, 0.00033115941914729774, 0.015454123727977276, 0.03712267056107521, -0.046449076384305954, -0.025327038019895554, -0.018722690641880035, 0.03410277143120766, 0.0024981459137052298, -0.016846144571900368, -0.06843134760856628, -0.009339957498013973, -0.04662346839904785, -0.04994788020849228, -0.0463101863861084, 0.016670286655426025, 0.01672571711242199, -0.049276746809482574, -0.02424071542918682, -0.029490696266293526, 0.006844102405011654, -0.03993277624249458, 0.03690298646688461, -0.01641613431274891, -0.009738458320498466, -0.020928965881466866, -0.027245355769991875, 0.05835003778338432, 0.01819760538637638, -0.018684769049286842, -0.02798622101545334, -0.026673071086406708, -0.007739562075585127, -0.006779457908123732, 0.020307054743170738, 0.023322943598031998, 0.06806772947311401, 0.0041609457693994045, 0.014096872881054878, -0.03763897716999054, -0.05606359243392944, 0.0274241603910923, -0.012523256242275238, -0.010081642307341099, -0.025814328342676163, -0.023427508771419525, 0.02359887771308422, 0.03617006540298462, 0.007860946469008923, 0.01502859778702259, 0.005994508042931557, 0.058081574738025665, 0.008401229977607727, -0.01805117353796959, 0.015176101587712765, -0.010549172759056091, -0.004460368305444717, -0.0032549991738051176, -0.0026885445695370436, 0.039330583065748215, 0.05309861898422241, -0.012190227396786213, 0.0031679985113441944, 0.048286933451890945, -0.018353596329689026, -0.0033593105617910624, 0.030112961307168007, -0.02066275104880333, -0.008521669544279575, 0.017284978181123734, 0.008168024010956287, -0.04272668436169624, -0.007817788049578667, -0.013007286936044693, -0.04176272824406624, 0.001034021726809442, 0.0014935354702174664, -0.01673567108809948, 0.00885362271219492, 0.007217101287096739, 0.00815344788134098, -0.038866449147462845, 0.029653942212462425, -0.08856242150068283, 0.0081148287281394, -0.02356998808681965, -0.01945924386382103, 0.0037685949355363846, 0.030425148084759712, -0.02474983222782612, -0.022391458973288536, 0.04824431240558624, 0.00020265384227968752, 0.03264762833714485, -0.012091039679944515, -0.028482528403401375, -0.003225233405828476, 0.051329176872968674, -0.03773146867752075, -0.01956027001142502, -0.002642503008246422, -0.03951556235551834, -0.014670765027403831, 0.03535540774464607, -0.00859324261546135, 0.007829776965081692, 0.02040686644613743, 0.012694032862782478, -0.031193280592560768, 0.01060781255364418, -0.051283515989780426, -0.007823396474123001, -0.018481705337762833, 0.02926548570394516, 0.0004978069337084889, -0.0105813667178154, 0.022875243797898293, 0.0102615337818861, -0.05632093548774719, 0.01964634284377098, 0.05054145306348801, 0.03269631043076515, 0.013561501167714596, 0.027550937607884407, 0.0007541778613813221, -0.006618180312216282, -0.004555526655167341, -0.001875345828011632, 0.032318636775016785, 0.04315371811389923, -0.04168165847659111, -0.00014164896856527776, 0.0026304773055016994, 0.015334222465753555, -0.06378068774938583, -0.02953333780169487, -0.027666166424751282, 0.00943813193589449, 0.0013370270607993007, -0.036932334303855896, 0.014202461577951908, 0.03449440747499466, -0.04682588949799538, 0.029466042295098305, -0.019397716969251633, -0.03448812663555145, 0.008546841330826283, 0.014897922985255718, -0.01925588771700859, 0.014569287188351154, 0.020171796903014183, 0.014307145960628986, -0.0016409045783802867, 0.02231801673769951, 0.015220602974295616, -0.042175598442554474, -0.03653354570269585, -0.0011364773381501436, 0.002876575803384185, -0.06399814039468765, 0.04794856160879135, -0.06575469672679901, -0.03912726789712906, 0.03220069408416748, -0.02369011752307415, 0.04114247113466263, -0.00839833915233612, 0.022077638655900955, -0.00623845960944891, 0.04507347568869591, -0.027518369257450104, -0.012013842351734638, -0.018681876361370087, -0.03515243157744408, 0.03090999647974968, 0.028990551829338074, 0.00824061967432499, 0.01145261526107788, 0.051654547452926636, -0.00563462171703577, -0.03388253599405289, -0.00031567082623951137, 0.0032676414120942354, -0.039023205637931824, -0.005275437608361244, 0.018938647583127022, 0.01079036109149456, -0.012496649287641048, -0.00722831767052412, -0.03870498016476631, -0.012120978906750679, 0.05250352621078491, -0.01522448193281889, -0.04042724147439003, -0.0058494266122579575, 0.015538489446043968, -0.005688025150448084, 0.010185565799474716, 0.0062886509113013744, -0.006063009612262249, -0.06502442806959152, -0.036558497697114944, 0.03235494717955589, -0.033649854362010956, -0.016705378890037537, -0.018909798935055733, -0.008144952356815338, 0.03460337966680527, -0.02339799515902996, -0.010172422043979168, -0.016093386337161064, -0.036266762763261795, 0.011459746398031712, -0.07527504861354828, 0.021167408674955368, 0.054272186011075974, -0.02211359329521656, -0.028860846534371376, -0.005078536923974752, -0.0038188269827514887, 0.05984334275126457, 0.06160985678434372, 0.010552722960710526, -0.010652483440935612, 0.0016478636534884572, 0.00499691953882575, 0.035637516528367996, -0.05481991916894913, 0.05067906901240349, -0.0120028555393219, -0.014363531954586506, -0.03031131997704506, -0.01691589131951332, 0.0034454127307981253, -0.0274091437458992, 0.0028263514395803213, -0.013461194932460785, 0.010233668610453606, -0.007842730730772018, 0.008833182975649834, 0.04989457130432129, 0.0020286613143980503, -0.04760640114545822, 0.03505758196115494, -0.01594310998916626, 0.023476744070649147, 0.05480683594942093, -0.027253923937678337, -0.07020798325538635, 0.005798885598778725, 0.0019731365609914064, -0.03790416195988655, 0.017958790063858032, 0.03110041469335556, -0.008623680099844933, -0.05848110839724541, 0.02270621247589588, 0.013520906679332256, -0.02544231154024601, -0.008437824435532093, 0.07577556371688843, 0.011094918474555016, 0.01973731443285942, 0.005508196074515581, 0.007578070275485516, 0.04160763695836067, -0.021007362753152847, -0.018125630915164948, 0.026637334376573563, 0.04944717511534691, 0.04153764992952347, -0.03483782336115837, 0.012297398410737514, -0.05095209553837776, 0.02565973997116089, -0.021470556035637856, 0.02396412193775177, -0.020550036802887917, -0.020233552902936935, 0.023493364453315735, -0.008285194635391235, 0.02479403093457222, 0.013637878000736237, -0.043224383145570755, 0.033018454909324646, -0.04787199944257736, -0.002623246517032385, -0.05143202468752861, 0.0003469354414846748, -0.0007850578986108303, -0.0031493199057877064, -0.030683444812893867, 0.05410756170749664, 0.0008231296087615192, 0.008165011182427406, -0.050747230648994446, -0.009659581817686558, -0.017873549833893776, -0.027288123965263367, 0.023046977818012238, -0.0335610955953598, -0.03346538916230202, 0.006204718723893166, -0.025307727977633476, -0.06634172797203064, -0.0025258809328079224, 0.048233360052108765, 0.03663685545325279, 0.026951991021633148, -0.02832704782485962, -0.033701177686452866, 0.00670670997351408, 0.043975621461868286, -0.05355727672576904, -0.017507778480648994, -0.016892019659280777, 0.022292032837867737, -0.007475178223103285, -0.015488037839531898 ]
<p>What are the main ideas, that is, concepts related to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes%27_theorem">Bayes' theorem</a>? I am not asking for any derivations of complex mathematical notation.</p>
36,728
[ -0.022418906912207603, -0.03083961270749569, 0.016070129349827766, -0.05383045971393585, 0.0426303967833519, 0.007208587601780891, 0.005428615026175976, -0.019787797704339027, 0.02327987179160118, -0.05306427925825119, 0.039469026029109955, 0.03719228878617287, 0.05640058591961861, 0.041009701788425446, 0.03396457061171532, 0.017993813380599022, 0.01570611447095871, -0.00788186490535736, -0.03348701447248459, -0.007405589800328016, 0.04292301461100578, 0.006794045679271221, 0.03949236869812012, 0.004946830682456493, -0.02634396031498909, 0.025682056322693825, 0.028458939865231514, -0.013949236832559109, 0.043261267244815826, 0.08909404277801514, -0.038418959826231, -0.018855540081858635, 0.0026587476022541523, 0.035582199692726135, -0.014756829477846622, -0.016017388552427292, -0.022197935730218887, 0.010809130035340786, 0.01214924082159996, 0.014451227150857449, -0.028981443494558334, -0.039936091750860214, -0.009482134133577347, 0.040495336055755615, -0.039435192942619324, -0.01804567500948906, 0.026401370763778687, -0.07399360090494156, 0.005569900386035442, -0.06790386885404587, 0.06813196837902069, -0.0064954194240272045, 0.03255429118871689, 0.036001358181238174, 0.0007188085583038628, -0.004882423207163811, 0.03380606696009636, 0.07634413242340088, -0.014215645380318165, -0.07887635380029678, -0.007576277945190668, -0.02107248827815056, 0.034457977861166, -0.02959238551557064, -0.03993901610374451, 0.038365285843610764, -0.014892653562128544, -0.03973718360066414, 0.035181675106287, 0.019980425015091896, -0.0036826899740844965, 0.027232740074396133, 0.03802609443664551, -0.008731790818274021, 0.014223126694560051, -0.026836540549993515, -0.009007294662296772, 0.009113817475736141, 0.024818535894155502, 0.0176765825599432, 0.010602972470223904, -0.0017894875491037965, 0.019606977701187134, 0.0488603450357914, -0.013768907636404037, 0.0068848044611513615, 0.0623646043241024, -0.025852102786302567, 0.01878136210143566, -0.0021257183980196714, -0.04040408506989479, 0.0082627534866333, 0.012530531734228134, -0.019780956208705902, -0.07037238776683807, 0.05093989148736, -0.026477275416254997, 0.058067940175533295, 0.00865450594574213, -0.022511916235089302, 0.03873372822999954, -0.003451151540502906, 0.027485426515340805, 0.04345490783452988, -0.06630466133356094, -0.030482156202197075, -0.04569511115550995, 0.04189445078372955, -0.009066840633749962, -0.00876283273100853, -0.03592459112405777, 0.054190948605537415, 0.02911282889544964, 0.04874114692211151, 0.005965677555650473, -0.019950583577156067, 0.022662291303277016, -0.021445881575345993, 0.05034159496426582, 0.06566354632377625, 0.03855709359049797, -0.017684737220406532, 0.036692485213279724, -0.004980185534805059, -0.07540345191955566, 0.022075150161981583, 0.014945647679269314, -0.008894536644220352, -0.01576237753033638, 0.05257628485560417, -0.0009317541844211519, -0.029620621353387833, 0.028071792796254158, 0.040401555597782135, 0.030691659078001976, -0.01656508445739746, -0.09735821187496185, -0.028093252331018448, 0.06925736367702484, -0.0009959388989955187, -0.012740232981741428, -0.057264141738414764, 0.04024835303425789, 0.03545991703867912, 0.03178824111819267, -0.009234443306922913, 0.020117439329624176, -0.006345897447317839, 0.016032442450523376, 0.00645351642742753, -0.03205375000834465, -0.03069731779396534, 0.004721365869045258, 0.009015049785375595, -0.02287472039461136, -0.07590938359498978, -0.0069994875229895115, 0.012159095145761967, -0.023303495720028877, -0.06949643790721893, 0.05479403957724571, -0.03234156221151352, -0.026524459943175316, -0.0285771656781435, 0.006812171079218388, -0.02964814193546772, 0.08801155537366867, 0.02778909169137478, 0.004360752180218697, 0.05895860865712166, 0.0007832655101083219, 0.05077805742621422, 0.02480262517929077, 0.035370972007513046, 0.020266331732273102, -0.029725508764386177, -0.03341875225305557, 0.01529879029840231, 0.03609494864940643, 0.005091486498713493, -0.022466981783509254, -0.004317408427596092, -0.0042331828735768795, 0.02133798785507679, -0.014217045158147812, 0.0071186586283147335, -0.0040058265440166, -0.03291723132133484, 0.038958653807640076, -0.0471634678542614, 0.0007067886181175709, -0.0752672404050827, -0.005844350904226303, -0.05122440308332443, -0.029768479987978935, 0.017529834061861038, 0.022681957110762596, -0.010122207924723625, -0.04670773074030876, -0.02710956707596779, -0.05242162570357323, 0.011217396706342697, 0.015734726563096046, -0.02793595939874649, 0.019466586410999298, 0.038528844714164734, 0.016229376196861267, -0.0020393691956996918, 0.004768936429172754, -0.03900553658604622, -0.015774887055158615, 0.002624207641929388, -0.02993684448301792, 0.009342962875962257, -0.009741438552737236, 0.009894246235489845, 0.009615452960133553, -0.02474401146173477, -0.0067331502214074135, 0.0070326728746294975, -0.05933910608291626, 0.0555696114897728, 0.05744719132781029, 0.05172528699040413, -0.0029154790099710226, 0.03686259314417839, 0.026240229606628418, 0.015410924330353737, -0.00007799272134434432, -0.0147666335105896, -0.04513770714402199, 0.009542862884700298, 0.046521689742803574, 0.03888358548283577, -0.03972844406962395, 0.05035100132226944, 0.00987157505005598, 0.03233911469578743, 0.0328231118619442, 0.021531810984015465, -0.0048798550851643085, -0.01977633312344551, -0.014910713769495487, 0.012846669182181358, -0.019393403083086014, 0.011862811632454395, 0.019993798807263374, 0.023806067183613777, 0.007849326357245445, -0.007506318390369415, -0.04627092182636261, 0.0374152809381485, -0.04149124026298523, 0.04040402173995972, -0.019848935306072235, -0.006487995386123657, 0.006207569036632776, -0.04155215248465538, -0.002536442829295993, 0.014786231331527233, -0.003275154158473015, 0.003893035463988781, -0.004652739968150854, -0.03516266122460365, 0.01157976221293211, 0.02876310795545578, -0.04827509820461273, 0.012748118489980698, 0.023190438747406006, -0.018570926040410995, 0.007259107660502195, 0.0006986229564063251, -0.03866812214255333, -0.05053503438830376, 0.0026859159115701914, 0.02048003114759922, -0.03726264461874962, 0.03073917329311371, -0.01228057686239481, -0.0676097646355629, -0.012452789582312107, -0.03983116149902344, -0.016775786876678467, -0.005984919145703316, -0.0708686038851738, 0.009096864610910416, -0.024574313312768936, -0.046935826539993286, 0.0404362753033638, -0.028308620676398277, -0.01394746359437704, -0.00030399797833524644, -0.01988239400088787, -0.03754625469446182, 0.0034376911353319883, -0.02036898210644722, 0.02228260599076748, -0.027004113420844078, -0.013678234070539474, 0.04347197338938713, -0.01512651052325964, 0.006651903968304396, 0.020334497094154358, -0.024570634588599205, -0.04537184163928032, -0.039175473153591156, -0.012879513204097748, -0.018857356160879135, 0.006304610520601273, 0.02940252237021923, 0.03615825995802879, -0.0822867900133133, 0.016631396487355232, -0.03724364563822746, -0.09961465001106262, 0.015834994614124298, 0.005001202691346407, 0.03372621536254883, -0.026689967140555382, -0.027646120637655258, 0.06355926394462585, 0.02239912562072277, -0.06018224358558655, -0.0044583482667803764, 0.013220014050602913, -0.011668745428323746, 0.02176082693040371, -0.0008813646854832768, 0.012103363871574402, -0.0055744340643286705, 0.03425762802362442, 0.029866470023989677, 0.00587776955217123, 0.06855354458093643, 0.036738839000463486, -0.0029948048759251833, 0.013524260371923447, -0.01823500171303749, -0.00009847747423918918, 0.037603624165058136, 0.02696038968861103, -0.07082296907901764, 0.008258277550339699, 0.004231737460941076, 0.033627163618803024, 0.007342315278947353, -0.013889853842556477, 0.028386417776346207, 0.014729924499988556, 0.006808183155953884, -0.03792298212647438, 0.03561718016862869, 0.009078890085220337, 0.002432619920000434, 0.03686622157692909, 0.00018084727344103158, 0.02514345571398735, -0.040872931480407715, 0.008697282522916794, 0.021565686911344528, 0.05385024845600128, -0.0596645213663578, -0.028343049809336662, -0.026896892115473747, 0.0002196362183894962, 0.034728825092315674, -0.010951466858386993, 0.00398847134783864, 0.06111205369234085, 0.03358585759997368, 0.025813236832618713, 0.006796940695494413, -0.02161221019923687, -0.009612059220671654, -0.06053144857287407, -0.020381655544042587, -0.013159140944480896, 0.03352590650320053, 0.00563407689332962, 0.04260757565498352, 0.033729325979948044, -0.02545272186398506, 0.028155947104096413, 0.03495382145047188, -0.08047878742218018, -0.008039028383791447, -0.039466094225645065, -0.016083236783742905, -0.01758914813399315, -0.01031937263906002, 0.029645495116710663, -0.0400681234896183, -0.042799290269613266, -0.026584958657622337, 0.028372224420309067, -0.0739128366112709, 0.0192312803119421, -0.03437415510416031, -0.04285537824034691, -0.007618460338562727, 0.03138401731848717, 0.0010698537807911634, 0.026593897491693497, 0.02088078111410141, 0.05289945751428604, -0.025224994868040085, -0.005746869836002588, 0.01732592284679413, -0.006958459969609976, 0.039133235812187195, 0.010891000740230083, 0.03222060203552246, 0.02635366842150688, -0.034346405416727066, 0.034099120646715164, -0.003210801398381591, 0.07873073220252991, 0.03190545737743378, -0.013745656237006187, -0.004228962119668722, -0.04058435186743736, -0.00011095706577179953, -0.0021926704794168472, -0.0037072410341352224, 0.009126368910074234, 0.01635110378265381, 0.054612159729003906, 0.008995577692985535, -0.05907034873962402, 0.03595087677240372, 0.06751827895641327, 0.01313557755202055, -0.04102114588022232, 0.0031087854877114296, 0.00034519750624895096, -0.021326282992959023, -0.008541509509086609, 0.031370267271995544, 0.003507018554955721, -0.029192207381129265, 0.0016935631865635514, 0.021883364766836166, -0.03020097315311432, -0.021517010405659676, -0.022384589537978172, -0.012759614735841751, 0.018604349344968796, 0.019851887598633766, -0.054932791739702225, 0.017315460368990898, 0.028831513598561287, 0.03306220471858978, 0.03381366655230522, -0.00990317016839981, -0.08642657101154327, 0.031328052282333374, 0.042956192046403885, 0.030674010515213013, -0.03579696640372276, 0.034751176834106445, -0.0618765652179718, -0.013773312792181969, 0.04095690697431564, -0.0012395585654303432, -0.0024106958881020546, -0.03927560895681381, -0.004415646195411682, -0.030024169012904167, 0.004744353238493204, -0.01246632356196642, 0.015349391847848892, 0.005641741678118706, 0.04300080984830856, -0.020191358402371407, 0.005634079221636057, -0.04315677657723427, -0.0187944695353508, 0.04603574052453041, 0.0464300662279129, -0.003090249840170145, -0.01236791629344225, -0.02342909388244152, 0.043365009129047394, -0.000612294243182987, -0.059104882180690765, 0.02328985556960106, -0.004508817568421364, -0.016590792685747147, 0.025784121826291084, -0.02019880712032318, -0.055777132511138916, -0.006565370596945286, 0.027061088010668755, -0.06292468309402466, 0.013041484169661999, -0.016470015048980713, 0.002874960657209158, 0.038221269845962524, -0.0025642476975917816, 0.02969076856970787, 0.01713445596396923, -0.009893808513879776, -0.001299983006902039, -0.011920923367142677, 0.005476036574691534, -0.03557957336306572, 0.04325119033455849, -0.04624937102198601, 0.0006915635312907398, -0.056448180228471756, 0.041123513132333755, 0.029331406578421593, -0.01480226218700409, -0.036902546882629395, -0.03682027384638786, -0.03647110238671303, 0.02368331141769886, 0.009050052613019943, 0.014779239892959595, 0.012758386321365833, 0.04341065511107445, 0.023149751126766205, 0.005742143839597702, 0.033267226070165634, -0.00455763004720211, 0.009561730548739433, -0.0037118876352906227, -0.016684453934431076, 0.05004839599132538, -0.056991539895534515, -0.0030545981135219336, 0.05189573019742966, -0.04495815932750702, 0.03885633498430252, 0.015149065293371677, 0.018369479104876518, 0.020742017775774002, -0.06519883126020432, -0.053439706563949585, 0.00029713494586758316, 0.003364730393514037, 0.06376057118177414, -0.03894572705030441, 0.03837885707616806, -0.0281719658523798, -0.009983398951590061, -0.0590248629450798, -0.041622452437877655, 0.03227062150835991, 0.017021825537085533, -0.0314020998775959, -0.025820652022957802, 0.0076361969113349915, -0.032051898539066315, -0.020310167223215103, -0.01890617422759533, 0.032255060970783234, -0.0047856587916612625, -0.022535307332873344, 0.018471039831638336, -0.014619647525250912, 0.07728298753499985, 0.022335322573781013, 0.008019408211112022, 0.024242697283625603, 0.006515399552881718, 0.02524700202047825, 0.011984018608927727, 0.024632565677165985, -0.03279033675789833, -0.014877061359584332, -0.014498571865260601, 0.03235434740781784, 0.024200141429901123, -0.053714949637651443, -0.019180335104465485, -0.028763817623257637, 0.0449175126850605, -0.006395319942384958, -0.013559889979660511, -0.01063445582985878, -0.007391601800918579, 0.011294292286038399, 0.0060895574279129505, -0.0018933647079393268, 0.000023200458599603735, -0.03204977139830589, 0.027148108929395676, -0.008679697290062904, -0.0065781413577497005, 0.0028308043256402016, 0.02216351218521595, -0.0006429118802770972, -0.01776033267378807, 0.004812242463231087, 0.002244169358164072, 0.03140741586685181, 0.0034787964541465044, 0.00045417898218147457, 0.018162766471505165, 0.008465331979095936, -0.005851199850440025, -0.01851082593202591, -0.05800231173634529, -0.002379575278609991, 0.08062420040369034, -0.031021634116768837, 0.0719914361834526, 0.032007161527872086, -0.004618267994374037, -0.0007346203783527017, 0.0036870220210403204, 0.0039023892022669315, -0.014969336800277233, 0.01396950799971819, 0.014276361092925072, -0.035625357180833817, 0.026108374819159508, 0.040961854159832, 0.02539239637553692, -0.01964135281741619, 0.008599501103162766, 0.020953256636857986, 0.04517282173037529, 0.035818375647068024, -0.028797905892133713, -0.05044521763920784, 0.05517290532588959, -0.030338061973452568, 0.014399265870451927, 0.0033837282098829746, -0.03448956459760666, 0.04392111301422119, 0.006649973336607218, -0.0187222920358181, -0.04211854562163353, -0.024057583883404732, -0.03759360685944557, 0.038488686084747314, 0.013402367942035198, 0.034061700105667114, 0.019293056800961494, -0.01734481379389763, 0.018272394314408302, 0.0033008598256856203, -0.002308665309101343, 0.002771237166598439, -0.05519559979438782, -0.043180570006370544, -0.020126938819885254, -0.04260270297527313, 0.012637412175536156, 0.009995833970606327, -0.028547003865242004, -0.02391507476568222, -0.01789150945842266, 0.018697746098041534, 0.03338133171200752, 0.03437149524688721, -0.03541814908385277, 0.07132421433925629, 0.00156730180606246, 0.03196394443511963, -0.01839628256857395, -0.009104927070438862, 0.09434650838375092, 0.05070983245968819, 0.010729881934821606, -0.06919661164283752, 0.031875889748334885, 0.012271109037101269, 0.01799936220049858, -0.024542314931750298, 0.046470802277326584, 0.02001740224659443, 0.02313634194433689, 0.046657878905534744, 0.03629135340452194, 0.004341823048889637, -0.007596756797283888, 0.04037610813975334, -0.050456564873456955, -0.05584000423550606, 0.003892892738804221, 0.006300660781562328, -0.025639789178967476, 0.009011330083012581, -0.058762483298778534, -0.014574697241187096, -0.023113174363970757, -0.05295101925730705, -0.0062127443961799145, -0.026114249601960182, 0.005147686693817377, 0.010165105573832989, -0.005334516521543264, -0.04401732236146927, 0.016532693058252335, -0.016040878370404243, -0.021850623190402985, -0.012536298483610153, 0.02246234007179737, -0.02451813779771328, -0.0005845251143909991, 0.025470731779932976, 0.029082851484417915, -0.02993146888911724, -0.001370950834825635, 0.01675829291343689, -0.021000433713197708, -0.042520228773355484, -0.0004901032079942524, 0.04026149958372116, -0.02906934730708599, 0.012834480963647366, -0.02473156340420246, -0.014504908584058285, -0.0004080153885297477, -0.04560277983546257, -0.00522204115986824, 0.011308505199849606, 0.01506840344518423, -0.035509198904037476, -0.037183359265327454, 0.0027997836004942656, 0.04315590113401413, -0.03688172250986099, 0.057596251368522644, 0.012660575099289417, -0.0175338014960289, -0.013837043195962906, -0.015436799265444279, 0.020872095599770546, -0.011636650189757347, -0.030894294381141663, -0.04695552587509155, -0.007121475413441658, -0.022622177377343178, 0.0028676586225628853, 0.0031854251865297556, 0.006416821852326393, -0.0038406343664973974, -0.011175837367773056, 0.010455549694597721, 0.03271796926856041, 0.013773094862699509, 0.02017061784863472, -0.03743775188922882, -0.014203405007719994, -0.02804422751069069, 0.016518117859959602, 0.058108147233724594, 0.04305757209658623, 0.007969634607434273, 0.014012040570378304, -0.02976168505847454, 0.01963648572564125, 0.00975846964865923, -0.041226234287023544, 0.0028271537739783525, -0.00016187202709261328, -0.0081460727378726, -0.01151171512901783, -0.012139974161982536, 0.04635883495211601, 0.05209539085626602, 0.012296722270548344, -0.012274724431335926, 0.025078244507312775, -0.00003697897773236036, 0.022334568202495575, -0.024795634672045708, -0.04249950498342514, -0.015612876042723656, 0.00879580993205309, 0.013513060286641121, -0.014776009134948254, -0.040615811944007874, 0.0006162659265100956, -0.0037118312902748585, -0.000808837590739131, 0.013748805969953537, -0.015092200599610806, 0.0029127963352948427, 0.016085049137473106, 0.017033308744430542, -0.0203547403216362, 0.036350514739751816, -0.022175297141075134, 0.0005866967840120196, -0.0010617627995088696, -0.029822101816534996, 0.000264305854216218, 0.01699959672987461, -0.003653289284557104, -0.04795737937092781, 0.031125646084547043, 0.027190417051315308, -0.0038307104259729385, 0.0025970758870244026, 0.0212864987552166, -0.008505036123096943, 0.06810176372528076, -0.027754871174693108, -0.004299503285437822, 0.013556226156651974, -0.06123868748545647, -0.03634967654943466, 0.01653180457651615, 0.004242475610226393, 0.011642083525657654, 0.03653305768966675, 0.0052965665236115456, -0.014609825797379017, 0.03762182965874672, 0.013054815120995045, -0.0026286006905138493, 0.024488262832164764, 0.006544371601194143, -0.028813688084483147, 0.0017676661955192685, 0.03338328003883362, 0.002251889556646347, -0.013130095787346363, -0.01497709285467863, 0.05051180720329285, 0.010022999718785286, -0.015819843858480453, 0.05318666249513626, -0.015866709873080254, -0.0021923123858869076, 0.006007562391459942, -0.011671825312077999, 0.041612908244132996, 0.05180817097425461, -0.037625137716531754, 0.05740935355424881, -0.0023992175702005625, 0.03745400905609131, -0.08951255679130554, 0.0010401332983747125, 0.05865924432873726, 0.011141370050609112, 0.03471316024661064, -0.05080457404255867, -0.000498992798384279, 0.03433767706155777, -0.039456166326999664, 0.041770681738853455, -0.015412372536957264, -0.007480747532099485, -0.026393666863441467, 0.015352621674537659, -0.007234511431306601, 0.08682175725698471, 0.001519654761068523, 0.009472512640058994, 0.05455690994858742, 0.017735334113240242, -0.009302845224738121, -0.02305004931986332, -0.010449088178575039, 0.026086855679750443, -0.006343042943626642, -0.037467021495103836, 0.0591149628162384, -0.0300843995064497, -0.03454753756523132, 0.05378922075033188, 0.02947709709405899, 0.032260723412036896, 0.02548268996179104, 0.0018547215731814504, 0.000055217496992554516, 0.0160334762185812, 0.022585006430745125, -0.023980917409062386, 0.011960428208112717, 0.02343340776860714, 0.013704336248338223, 0.04646679759025574, 0.02518358640372753, 0.015038728713989258, 0.005967649165540934, -0.024868745356798172, -0.02959429658949375, 0.026901626959443092, 0.006885818671435118, -0.04841234162449837, 0.003400389803573489, 0.007401435170322657, -0.010692034848034382, -0.02074350230395794, 0.03805932030081749, -0.05245115980505943, -0.02572973072528839, 0.033221613615751266, 0.019211525097489357, 0.003176405094563961, 0.006166208069771528, -0.017701437696814537, -0.0517854169011116, 0.02837720885872841, -0.001106896554119885, -0.004656732548028231, -0.056733738631010056, 0.017183134332299232, 0.01087215356528759, -0.0063212839886546135, -0.028741946443915367, -0.03246895596385002, -0.0383305624127388, 0.022006114944815636, -0.005113059654831886, 0.001075369887985289, 0.006253527477383614, -0.007858042605221272, -0.009138301014900208, -0.06822068989276886, 0.0662979930639267, -0.016067517921328545, -0.003057436551898718, -0.06431814283132553, -0.004141562152653933, -0.027017531916499138, 0.007625638507306576, 0.03383127227425575, -0.015415195375680923, -0.011367102153599262, -0.023169519379734993, 0.01687418296933174, 0.03605912625789642, -0.0273037850856781, 0.028167935088276863, -0.022723054513335228, -0.021769165992736816, -0.03609759733080864, -0.02473614178597927, 0.01355754118412733, -0.0016439997125416994, 0.019689884036779404, -0.0005392428138293326, 0.0002827936550602317, -0.02094275690615177, -0.0016635088250041008, 0.03388040512800217, 0.02895461954176426, -0.02538752369582653, 0.04373500868678093, -0.03965352103114128, 0.011314286850392818, 0.004634507931768894, -0.033856432884931564, -0.023346705362200737, 0.020175449550151825, -0.01823536492884159, -0.0303549375385046, 0.022219683974981308, 0.006153743714094162, 0.015830768272280693, -0.059485409408807755, -0.03905775398015976, 0.028495987877249718, -0.04197492077946663, -0.004053764510899782, 0.06994504481554031, 0.01233647670596838, 0.04257087782025337, -0.003217080608010292, -0.016882693395018578, 0.013489936478435993, -0.03130101040005684, -0.020604897290468216, 0.03310833126306534, 0.030408618971705437, -0.012353921309113503, 0.048874855041503906, 0.034350890666246414, 0.011020018719136715, 0.004269563127309084, 0.02609463408589363, 0.019718771800398827, -0.047952234745025635, 0.009083523415029049, -0.013883190229535103, -0.005921289324760437, 0.00361027754843235, 0.022083686664700508, -0.009283104911446571, 0.08149383962154388, -0.016847334802150726, 0.007789724972099066, -0.033528782427310944, 0.016968589276075363, -0.05276201292872429, -0.026539815589785576, 0.01211280096322298, 0.041985154151916504, 0.0168140921741724, 0.016341373324394226, 0.02740921638906002, 0.0045980908907949924, 0.025799982249736786, -0.027929121628403664, 0.0026249706279486418, -0.02626349963247776, -0.012336223386228085, -0.012466689571738243, -0.007790532894432545, -0.021615933626890182, -0.002887226641178131, 0.0164132472127676, 0.05293138697743416, 0.05772867798805237, 0.0211232528090477, -0.0246109776198864, -0.03436017036437988, 0.04635797068476677, -0.07655714452266693, 0.018524646759033203, -0.04706745222210884, 0.0380016453564167, -0.0016820667078718543, -0.03106369450688362 ]
<p>I am looking for a list of modeling algorithms (as a package in <code>R</code>) that can accept: </p> <ol> <li>Continuous or categorical predictors </li> <li>Continuous response </li> <li>Can effectively treat missing values. For example, <code>glm</code> and <code>randomForest</code> discard records with missing values and thus, it is not in my final list. I do not want to perform imputation either. </li> </ol> <p>So far, I have the following list: </p> <ol> <li>GBM (<code>gbm</code> package in R)</li> <li>RPART (<code>rpart</code> package)</li> <li>Bagging with rpart (<code>ipred</code>)</li> <li>Tree (<code>tree</code>)</li> </ol>
74,075
[ -0.020990341901779175, 0.009583519771695137, 0.02039511129260063, 0.003947853576391935, 0.005657332018017769, -0.042596060782670975, -0.03426891565322876, -0.023153556510806084, 0.049841780215501785, -0.0015745124546810985, 0.03227267786860466, 0.00968264602124691, 0.03161260858178139, 0.006399677135050297, -0.005780551582574844, 0.008744694292545319, -0.01996487006545067, -0.012187530286610126, -0.005491640884429216, 0.021580694243311882, -0.02642959915101528, 0.022917287424206734, 0.009817583486437798, 0.00944079551845789, -0.013176032342016697, 0.04549505561590195, 0.03524470701813698, 0.022483844310045242, -0.03151260316371918, 0.033341120928525925, -0.06421516090631485, -0.010343296453356743, -0.031437624245882034, 0.07117771357297897, -0.03992060199379921, -0.004818520974367857, -0.010136018507182598, -0.015860408544540405, -0.019571147859096527, 0.007211820222437382, -0.007597980089485645, -0.03463895618915558, -0.008548940531909466, 0.01432202197611332, 0.029502280056476593, 0.030727194622159004, -0.021949389949440956, 0.005775368772447109, 0.03528977930545807, 0.00241749151609838, 0.04737026244401932, -0.009601653553545475, 0.03903143107891083, 0.010069387033581734, -0.020767871290445328, -0.0015956895658746362, 0.06413399428129196, 0.07159747928380966, 0.003170883050188422, -0.06076798960566521, -0.02247898280620575, -0.008887718431651592, 0.009072855114936829, -0.0024294948671013117, -0.02403309755027294, 0.04281897470355034, 0.007458792999386787, -0.017121050506830215, 0.02294359728693962, -0.014075539074838161, 0.0098978066816926, -0.012601700611412525, 0.019697554409503937, 0.013012762181460857, 0.043441418558359146, -0.011453292332589626, -0.030314425006508827, 0.012675962410867214, 0.01815139688551426, 0.010174140334129333, -0.01848301663994789, -0.0047882734797894955, 0.024603290483355522, 0.01480455044656992, -0.006995524279773235, -0.04361330717802048, 0.060681167989969254, -0.02584097906947136, 0.005271971691399813, 0.001366203767247498, -0.016110766679048538, -0.025601068511605263, 0.03737061470746994, 0.028937330469489098, -0.03217891976237297, 0.05600997805595398, 0.007570161018520594, 0.027544336393475533, -0.003690968034788966, 0.026080718263983727, -0.0002976525283884257, -0.02033369056880474, 0.00957468245178461, 0.05143307149410248, -0.05456037074327469, 0.009965303353965282, -0.04064295440912247, -0.015649842098355293, -0.017720449715852737, 0.002697334159165621, -0.013836425729095936, 0.04371773824095726, 0.0002554655948188156, 0.0037789384368807077, 0.019278738647699356, -0.03016379103064537, 0.0005917887319810688, -0.04447342827916145, 0.04277187958359718, 0.07908353954553604, 0.04791703075170517, -0.052818167954683304, 0.012441680766642094, -0.019371088594198227, -0.0705723911523819, -0.0576956570148468, 0.011614479124546051, -0.029670467600226402, -0.04562259837985039, 0.04552937299013138, 0.029667042195796967, -0.04284631833434105, 0.06128201261162758, 0.008592198602855206, 0.062017329037189484, 0.004173116758465767, -0.07021921128034592, -0.036335255950689316, -0.00828177947551012, -0.03158016502857208, 0.020916258916258812, -0.02219734527170658, -0.005607644096016884, 0.00885714590549469, 0.032995618879795074, 0.017579762265086174, 0.034249987453222275, 0.024660181254148483, 0.034049663692712784, -0.00028582080267369747, -0.037379488348960876, -0.0026628184132277966, -0.019058866426348686, 0.001448506023734808, -0.029959358274936676, -0.06504260003566742, 0.03369269520044327, 0.01270014327019453, -0.0003928116348106414, 0.01265953853726387, 0.019608227536082268, -0.009035526774823666, -0.0254971906542778, -0.020662974566221237, 0.01715957000851631, -0.0058042267337441444, 0.028116174042224884, 0.008816833607852459, 0.05247610807418823, -0.003436660161241889, -0.004041379317641258, 0.0022323932498693466, 0.024127760902047157, 0.012135371565818787, 0.04273499548435211, -0.031236501410603523, -0.02131481282413006, -0.019744643941521645, 0.018124740570783615, 0.060209453105926514, -0.023012446239590645, -0.029770156368613243, -0.003108019009232521, -0.009539768099784851, 0.014620876871049404, 0.0031844833865761757, 0.008999221958220005, -0.03032281994819641, 0.08757897466421127, -0.04439183324575424, -0.04341665655374527, -0.03699219599366188, 0.0023928701411932707, -0.019230177626013756, 0.013374265283346176, 0.033273592591285706, 0.05404564365744591, 0.03136545792222023, -0.019864700734615326, 0.0006163074285723269, -0.03994237631559372, -0.017312007024884224, 0.019533447921276093, 0.00644062040373683, -0.031205087900161743, 0.05112633854150772, 0.03968298062682152, -0.029412003234028816, 0.04502885416150093, -0.019986990839242935, -0.07954230159521103, -0.01707063615322113, -0.04807937890291214, 0.013146989978849888, -0.059616975486278534, -0.030803855508565903, 0.018956739455461502, -0.01092468947172165, -0.016588326543569565, 0.03570854291319847, -0.0678243339061737, 0.05715147405862808, 0.07444994151592255, 0.030316881835460663, 0.008055776357650757, 0.021855980157852173, -0.017992474138736725, 0.02769179455935955, -0.06683759391307831, -0.005491312593221664, -0.036968715488910675, -0.0060887411236763, 0.047270700335502625, -0.0014095255173742771, -0.03848645091056824, 0.04325651004910469, 0.039560120552778244, 0.03439544513821602, 0.04073893278837204, 0.02224106714129448, -0.020163295790553093, -0.03330971673130989, 0.012416607700288296, -0.017456592991948128, 0.039088062942028046, 0.015417941845953465, 0.00885842740535736, -0.024903075769543648, 0.020663795992732048, 0.0030256572645157576, 0.01494072750210762, 0.03155825287103653, 0.0286320298910141, -0.023820213973522186, -0.01921612210571766, -0.062009524554014206, 0.06331589072942734, -0.004908324684947729, -0.006073513999581337, 0.04758603870868683, 0.0075366138480603695, 0.004245919641107321, 0.016690516844391823, -0.007433608639985323, -0.0016302058938890696, 0.0371176116168499, -0.053603027015924454, -0.0030791135504841805, 0.01904890686273575, -0.05445937439799309, 0.016001669690012932, -0.03532533347606659, -0.025649385526776314, -0.10185236483812332, 0.022416958585381508, 0.026665400713682175, 0.010391494259238243, 0.019042037427425385, -0.005313006229698658, 0.0067526716738939285, 0.0093303844332695, -0.026163199916481972, 0.030162645503878593, 0.02161252684891224, -0.026200098916888237, -0.026595186442136765, -0.036694880574941635, 0.004292147234082222, 0.030176600441336632, 0.009270702488720417, -0.061232492327690125, 0.024039912968873978, -0.00009348410821985453, -0.055528219789266586, -0.003528192173689604, -0.001484272419475019, 0.040689773857593536, -0.010327458381652832, -0.026025936007499695, 0.02816018834710121, 0.03545626997947693, -0.036901284009218216, -0.012706239707767963, -0.07599695771932602, 0.007742689456790686, -0.028047580271959305, -0.01966436579823494, 0.03842008113861084, 0.004847784526646137, -0.02212761715054512, 0.025138605386018753, -0.034400105476379395, 0.013014762662351131, -0.08803004026412964, -0.04006306454539299, -0.003056512214243412, -0.00955649558454752, 0.0020358727779239416, 0.030160313472151756, 0.020703360438346863, 0.05992088094353676, 0.0439491905272007, -0.058583058416843414, -0.052622415125370026, -0.0027071021031588316, -0.009025009348988533, -0.019569257274270058, 0.004040848463773727, -0.015207854099571705, 0.03737293556332588, -0.02672068402171135, -0.006886307615786791, -0.007332082837820053, 0.028425220400094986, 0.005827982444316149, 0.006282992660999298, 0.0180828757584095, 0.00518382852897048, -0.013431641273200512, 0.029794039204716682, 0.013126948848366737, -0.02285141311585903, -0.018028825521469116, -0.053329162299633026, -0.01043985690921545, -0.005040464457124472, -0.058087803423404694, -0.026605473831295967, -0.01356546487659216, 0.02811828814446926, -0.020909588783979416, -0.016374314203858376, 0.02341526933014393, -0.07210902869701385, -0.0066544977016747, 0.030011052265763283, 0.032239675521850586, 0.001272796536795795, -0.024816224351525307, 0.019090646877884865, 0.013645622879266739, -0.03259866312146187, 0.01868966408073902, 0.007959863170981407, -0.030110880732536316, 0.03734073415398598, -0.02475602738559246, 0.02205413021147251, 0.053139396011829376, 0.04800977185368538, 0.004518531262874603, -0.005556061398237944, -0.026483546942472458, 0.03332022204995155, -0.052439723163843155, 0.0375928096473217, -0.03466493636369705, 0.08405842632055283, 0.0024978299625217915, 0.037539590150117874, 0.008809409104287624, 0.014846261590719223, 0.041779715567827225, 0.029192544519901276, -0.06185914948582649, 0.014464691281318665, 0.018973298370838165, 0.009335418231785297, 0.013971091248095036, -0.0017521753907203674, 0.03606746345758438, 0.03743867576122284, 0.0032556888181716204, -0.01136335451155901, 0.0025191758759319782, -0.01989169232547283, -0.0211983323097229, -0.009238425642251968, -0.03260314092040062, 0.032008301466703415, -0.016631808131933212, -0.011675112880766392, -0.034149013459682465, 0.016255460679531097, 0.042964786291122437, 0.03012809343636036, -0.04248670116066933, -0.02456667833030224, -0.0058265491388738155, 0.016121283173561096, 0.06192294880747795, 0.058721642941236496, 0.027859538793563843, -0.06856807321310043, 0.021841613575816154, 0.006032040808349848, 0.022916432470083237, 0.018855269998311996, 0.019342051818966866, -0.0029134780634194613, -0.045531343668699265, -0.0023702657781541348, -0.011659767478704453, 0.022133177146315575, 0.023170264437794685, -0.018777651712298393, 0.06090545281767845, 0.05772550031542778, -0.03414423391222954, 0.00846103671938181, 0.03786906599998474, 0.040305208414793015, -0.018459152430295944, 0.028597164899110794, -0.01306549645960331, -0.004869761411100626, 0.01013495959341526, 0.036468472331762314, 0.03715626150369644, 0.015663685277104378, 0.018976807594299316, 0.011254265904426575, -0.002474779263138771, -0.044530391693115234, -0.03920716047286987, 0.06124159321188927, 0.04461585730314255, -0.03283025696873665, -0.008835194632411003, -0.005360979121178389, 0.05520489066839218, 0.027373695746064186, 0.011037342250347137, 0.03089432790875435, -0.10900276154279709, 0.038118332624435425, 0.05155666545033455, 0.021426156163215637, -0.023261617869138718, -0.0493382029235363, -0.0655442476272583, -0.022002050653100014, 0.01304570771753788, -0.014590593054890633, -0.002519226400181651, -0.02303621917963028, 0.012954814359545708, 0.018963953480124474, -0.02828529290854931, 0.0021188438404351473, -0.02230563573539257, -0.02521534636616707, 0.009176711551845074, -0.002669683890417218, -0.028192846104502678, 0.004499125760048628, 0.0064063542522490025, -0.023966465145349503, 0.060641732066869736, -0.0008618886349722743, -0.0068529569543898106, 0.06401636451482773, 0.01513605285435915, -0.023762501776218414, -0.00441640242934227, -0.015258978120982647, 0.01502139586955309, -0.006900484208017588, 0.06039511412382126, 0.00376102514564991, -0.050973616540431976, 0.011472353711724281, 0.023099767044186592, -0.070023313164711, -0.02924986183643341, -0.04243403673171997, 0.01759403385221958, 0.012753952294588089, -0.00460092956200242, 0.058020129799842834, 0.05331346020102501, -0.01504692155867815, -0.009147140197455883, -0.07675331085920334, -0.017745347693562508, -0.02903061732649803, -0.021292833611369133, -0.06747128814458847, -0.03873518854379654, -0.036029621958732605, -0.013583902269601822, 0.013833652250468731, 0.012533341534435749, -0.018399188295006752, 0.004902159329503775, 0.007618295960128307, 0.02199685201048851, -0.030713411048054695, 0.023942872881889343, 0.005213719792664051, -0.008061483502388, -0.0010595574276521802, 0.013271558098495007, 0.06334704160690308, 0.01851370558142662, -0.02751253917813301, 0.0158159788697958, -0.03312136232852936, 0.014209490269422531, -0.008787250146269798, 0.011281370185315609, 0.012967356480658054, 0.015143660828471184, 0.03022010251879692, 0.014033962041139603, 0.07977595180273056, -0.014683219604194164, -0.037908464670181274, -0.03542018681764603, 0.022181926295161247, -0.014467119239270687, 0.01233678124845028, -0.03252743184566498, 0.025654753670096397, -0.0373835563659668, -0.009031943045556545, -0.04117236286401749, -0.05719436705112457, 0.027889052405953407, -0.0057929386384785175, -0.035736456513404846, -0.044338494539260864, 0.013597567565739155, -0.002384719206020236, -0.0031207657884806395, 0.004586293827742338, 0.05722959712147713, -0.026672687381505966, 0.004634973127394915, 0.015302200801670551, 0.013187920674681664, 0.033635858446359634, 0.04442199692130089, 0.01191377267241478, 0.04751385375857353, -0.0055298032239079475, -0.03740508854389191, 0.012765966355800629, 0.005396776366978884, -0.03400767967104912, -0.0031046865042299032, -0.021711057052016258, 0.007630233187228441, 0.04070688411593437, 0.0075686015188694, 0.000887558504473418, 0.027337556704878807, -0.01606850139796734, -0.022328920662403107, -0.05801902711391449, 0.01076982170343399, -0.02443672902882099, -0.01146881002932787, -0.0703650489449501, 0.011586766690015793, -0.02257048897445202, -0.01719224452972412, 0.032446905970573425, -0.021334197372198105, -0.009612388908863068, 0.04538394883275032, 0.0696246325969696, 0.0010265873279422522, 0.03406786546111107, 0.0259063970297575, -0.026686793193221092, 0.06039184704422951, -0.012027624063193798, 0.017970364540815353, -0.014622335322201252, 0.021556032821536064, -0.05731881037354469, -0.05614757165312767, 0.010591424070298672, -0.015428349375724792, 0.007999471388757229, -0.007522781379520893, 0.030208583921194077, 0.05156126990914345, -0.016308732330799103, 0.01687910035252571, -0.029792342334985733, -0.004657877143472433, 0.027832090854644775, 0.042004674673080444, 0.04901733249425888, 0.016963504254817963, 0.009552991017699242, 0.044192567467689514, 0.0015370302135124803, 0.03314511477947235, 0.04192616418004036, -0.03806883469223976, 0.014539305120706558, -0.011572834104299545, -0.029259782284498215, -0.050951335579156876, 0.011394991539418697, -0.060065701603889465, 0.02064184844493866, -0.006647656671702862, -0.06066944822669029, 0.04862040653824806, 0.039608851075172424, 0.023526616394519806, -0.0012261164374649525, -0.015079624950885773, -0.06315625458955765, 0.03756733238697052, 0.011370128020644188, -0.01805669628083706, 0.015584181994199753, 0.0029611107893288136, 0.0357566736638546, -0.005002833437174559, 0.04194905236363411, -0.0449107363820076, -0.08958107978105545, -0.030783817172050476, -0.02190380170941353, -0.02130185440182686, 0.030593980103731155, 0.014687896706163883, 0.003306084545329213, -0.0009131395490840077, -0.01772141456604004, -0.0036688356194645166, 0.0037100298795849085, 0.052421070635318756, -0.002506677061319351, 0.032901957631111145, -0.025613728910684586, -0.013202640227973461, -0.02978384494781494, -0.033413879573345184, 0.13279080390930176, 0.0663272961974144, 0.07579264789819717, -0.07928871363401413, 0.01598118245601654, 0.029671115800738335, -0.01160279382020235, -0.004143479745835066, -0.01584368757903576, 0.003031704807654023, -0.034771282225847244, 0.015937814489006996, 0.019657576456665993, 0.01399456337094307, -0.002553660189732909, 0.03524370118975639, -0.020090701058506966, -0.017104506492614746, -0.009105963632464409, -0.012016958557069302, 0.012067921459674835, -0.007991117425262928, -0.061847981065511703, 0.018942462280392647, 0.02845020964741707, -0.026483578607439995, -0.009394661523401737, -0.0038002668879926205, 0.0071850186213850975, 0.017987007275223732, -0.022828401997685432, 0.01310885138809681, 0.009120168164372444, 0.023986607789993286, 0.0366361103951931, -0.008757145144045353, 0.013204524293541908, -0.010001255199313164, 0.011768525466322899, 0.012088952586054802, 0.0023279841989278793, 0.008694032207131386, 0.0024907428305596113, 0.015724575147032738, -0.03466704487800598, 0.0003015859401784837, -0.03872537612915039, 0.03195957466959953, -0.004523905459791422, 0.009868418797850609, -0.01895710453391075, 0.011002330109477043, -0.001277782255783677, -0.01599903590977192, -0.023837050423026085, 0.03959552198648453, 0.029751021414995193, -0.019652534276247025, -0.02550629898905754, -0.007011194713413715, 0.014398702420294285, -0.00674949586391449, 0.01151356566697359, 0.008571156300604343, -0.0341612733900547, -0.02294011600315571, -0.026167433708906174, 0.033373069018125534, -0.0116803590208292, 0.017591584473848343, 0.01181825716048479, -0.014420606195926666, 0.0028333463706076145, 0.02550082840025425, 0.023192135617136955, 0.021393725648522377, 0.03578558936715126, -0.018105635419487953, 0.0073556965216994286, -0.017255939543247223, -0.038443826138973236, -0.012587834149599075, -0.004157636314630508, -0.01809944212436676, -0.057019755244255066, -0.017087360844016075, -0.00525650754570961, 0.020433153957128525, 0.02007860317826271, -0.0047541288658976555, -0.031683895736932755, 0.07354044914245605, 0.0038982448168098927, -0.042528893798589706, -0.042003996670246124, -0.015776105225086212, -0.04148254543542862, 0.01036763284355402, -0.005099835339933634, 0.08203660696744919, 0.037262577563524246, 0.006455870810896158, -0.035084307193756104, 0.04373319447040558, 0.005974647589027882, -0.003185479436069727, -0.016853386536240578, -0.03710383549332619, 0.015119588002562523, -0.003453338285908103, 0.031092636287212372, -0.03653654456138611, -0.007473532576113939, 0.0034808244090527296, -0.026685314252972603, 0.012488598003983498, -0.052142612636089325, -0.05381705239415169, 0.01326215360313654, -0.009661482647061348, 0.0009265686385333538, -0.05011999234557152, -0.0010145999258384109, -0.0462348610162735, -0.028031425550580025, -0.016855422407388687, -0.04712194949388504, 0.0007920674397610128, 0.010548754595220089, -0.026902304962277412, 0.0015429869526997209, 0.04127470776438713, 0.003407107898965478, 0.00608450872823596, 0.04755300283432007, -0.004859304055571556, 0.0030297362245619297, 0.047305963933467865, -0.004226802382618189, -0.009461148642003536, 0.029925541952252388, -0.030081573873758316, -0.02831054851412773, -0.002130938693881035, -0.019023938104510307, 0.029993019998073578, -0.03015834279358387, -0.03272096440196037, -0.036571700125932693, 0.04566187784075737, -0.03170387074351311, 0.023695655167102814, -0.025200987234711647, 0.03245445340871811, -0.022378917783498764, -0.021364977583289146, 0.009665877558290958, 0.02937193587422371, -0.02883528545498848, 0.0003751821059267968, 0.051857829093933105, 0.01979268342256546, -0.004710037261247635, 0.03817467391490936, -0.014405705966055393, -0.0033699607010930777, 0.01958596520125866, 0.022965403273701668, 0.01058528758585453, 0.04227712005376816, -0.016451800242066383, 0.06823373585939407, 0.02702145464718342, 0.04473499581217766, -0.09426238387823105, -0.031857818365097046, 0.02933635003864765, 0.026509225368499756, 0.02885798178613186, -0.061706069856882095, 0.012081827037036419, 0.011539578437805176, -0.03917995095252991, 0.007510848343372345, 0.01728971302509308, 0.000022376836568582803, 0.0009580922196619213, 0.0035456751938909292, -0.03283873200416565, -0.03401631861925125, 0.04454322159290314, 0.010989838279783726, 0.013640052638947964, 0.013130556792020798, 0.023444006219506264, -0.02006685733795166, -0.02722608856856823, -0.010207410901784897, 0.006177358794957399, -0.04986874386668205, -0.003944104537367821, -0.02235589548945427, -0.012024465948343277, 0.013019722886383533, 0.007617981173098087, 0.010010738857090473, 0.056047797203063965, 0.00789621751755476, -0.018163267523050308, 0.0796162411570549, 0.01625073328614235, -0.024832719936966896, 0.0034083938226103783, -0.022450806573033333, 0.008541525341570377, 0.021097199991345406, -0.02739807590842247, 0.0355452336370945, 0.03591801971197128, -0.02412896230816841, -0.004141637589782476, 0.012514342553913593, -0.006362500600516796, -0.00838386919349432, -0.0006082630134187639, 0.004249913152307272, -0.02796395681798458, -0.012165690772235394, -0.04341733828186989, -0.0498218834400177, 0.023882374167442322, 0.01432928629219532, -0.012645913287997246, 0.008456787094473839, 0.007955767214298248, -0.024408778175711632, -0.004686188884079456, 0.004050322342664003, 0.018260329961776733, 0.005871686153113842, -0.04474880173802376, 0.011657488532364368, 0.018125247210264206, -0.019899263978004456, -0.04192659258842468, 0.010641674511134624, -0.03420053422451019, 0.07609549909830093, -0.06695046275854111, -0.009416401386260986, 0.03780822828412056, 0.0023156548850238323, 0.045203857123851776, -0.08484111726284027, 0.06815934926271439, 0.020407913252711296, 0.04765549674630165, -0.022382739931344986, 0.041443195194005966, -0.007324132602661848, 0.0031429326627403498, 0.06238803640007973, -0.04360988363623619, 0.004840705078095198, -0.0036800308153033257, 0.038793060928583145, 0.009640701115131378, -0.03285710886120796, 0.025505948811769485, -0.0017781900241971016, -0.012100590392947197, -0.03858180716633797, -0.022980298846960068, 0.01696755364537239, 0.0016569218132644892, 0.013648072257637978, -0.023941954597830772, 0.027313988655805588, 0.02072424627840519, -0.027664557099342346, 0.028613096103072166, 0.0072405519895255566, 0.007088371552526951, 0.03830597922205925, -0.025771792978048325, 0.007537149824202061, 0.03444237262010574, -0.02069002389907837, -0.022482121363282204, 0.04256293550133705, -0.041127823293209076, -0.04627382382750511, -0.015307705849409103, -0.0014787532854825258, 0.0021642721258103848, -0.030785437673330307, 0.004956733901053667, 0.029822610318660736, -0.0065529840067029, 0.025167135521769524, 0.0327969454228878, 0.018006864935159683, 0.09495877474546432, -0.01580929569900036, -0.004498416557908058, 0.03954511135816574, -0.011902730911970139, 0.02256462164223194, 0.0052301911637187, 0.0244914498180151, 0.02139057219028473, -0.029163509607315063, -0.0028418481815606356, -0.015541985630989075, 0.029292991384863853, -0.0020877833012491465, 0.02816026844084263, -0.033638082444667816, -0.010963399894535542, 0.011178867891430855, -0.0019697544630616903, 0.027879944071173668, -0.015602967701852322, 0.008007264696061611, 0.048314258456230164, -0.04802750423550606, -0.017906554043293, -0.05377151444554329, -0.0063565392047166824, -0.010675943456590176, 0.018091799691319466, -0.04207939654588699, 0.014225835911929607, 0.043279021978378296, 0.047496601939201355, 0.014552608132362366, -0.0021277128253132105, 0.030968021601438522, -0.024545904248952866, 0.0015714317560195923, 0.0026932568289339542, -0.013074681162834167, 0.020375605672597885, -0.03748095780611038, 0.03213370963931084, -0.020198751240968704, 0.02187860570847988, 0.05960480123758316, 0.00985473208129406, -0.04259983077645302, 0.013034348376095295, -0.02562742307782173, 0.03160632774233818, -0.05788881704211235, 0.004134324379265308, -0.0299233291298151, -0.03536849841475487, -0.007476556580513716, 0.007725650444626808 ]
<p>I have a set of samples, for which I know the "true groups". For this samples I have about 200 binary variables, I would like to know a method to select the subset of variables, that gives me a clustering as closer as possible of my known groups.</p> <pre><code># sample labels labelColors2 &lt;-c("black", "black","black","black","black","black", "blue","blue","blue","blue","green", "green", "red","red","red","red","red","red","red","red","red","red","red","red") # data matrix library(RCurl) x &lt;- getURL("https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/10712588/binMatrix") tab3 &lt;- read.table(text = x) colLab &lt;- function(n) { if(is.leaf(n)) { a &lt;- attributes(n) #clusMember a vector designating leaf grouping #labelColors &lt;- colors # a vector of colors for the above grouping labCol &lt;- labelColors2[clusMember[which(names(clusMember) == a$label)]] attr(n, "nodePar") &lt;- c(a$nodePar, list(lab.col = labCol,lab.cex=0.8)) } n } mclust &lt;- hclust(dist(tab3, method ="binary")) dhc &lt;- as.dendrogram(mclust) clusMember &lt;- cutree(mclust, k=24) clusDendro &lt;- dendrapply(dhc, colLab) plot(clusDendro) </code></pre> <p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/CBNQq.png" alt="example of the true groups given by colours"> </p> <p>The colors should be grouped, this is my actual way to access the goodness of clustering, visually, but I would like to know a feature selection technique.</p> <p>thks in advance... </p> <p>updating the question, I found the <strong>klaR::stepclass</strong> function, that should to what I want, or some similar implementation, but I did not find a work around yet.</p> <pre><code>fac &lt;- as.factor(labelColors2) mylda &lt;- function(x, grouping) { clust &lt;- pam(dist(x, method="binary"), k=4, cluster.only = TRUE) posterior &lt;- matrix(0, 24, 4) colnames(posterior) &lt;- c("black", "blue", "green", "red") for(i in 1:nrow(posterior)) posterior[i, clust[i]] &lt;- 1 l &lt;- list(class=grouping, posterior=posterior) class(l) &lt;- "foo" return(l) } </code></pre> <p>With the function above I can reproduce an output of my classification, similar to what <strong>klaR::ucpm</strong> needs, but I can't manage to run the function</p> <pre><code>sc_obj &lt;- stepclass(x=tab3, grouping=fac, method="mylda", direction="forward") Error in parse(text = x) : &lt;text&gt;:2:0: unexpected end of input 1: fac ~ ^ </code></pre> <p>Well, I think I had some improvement, I established a "fitness function", and with a random search (it is still running, I found a better clustering already</p> <pre><code>predict.foo &lt;- function(x) x for(i in 1:1000000) { s &lt;- sample(1:ncol(tab3),sample(68:200,1)) cr &lt;- ucpm(predict(mylda(tab3[,s], fac))$posterior, fac)$CR write.table(matrix(c(cr, s), nrow=1), "randonSearch.txt", append=TRUE, row.names=FALSE, col.names=FALSE) } </code></pre> <p>With this I'm monitoring the <strong>randonSearch.txt</strong> file with:</p> <pre><code>cut -d " " -f1 ../randonSearch.txt | grep 0.8 </code></pre> <p>I already found a "Correctness Rate" of 0.833, check it out</p> <p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/a9kgV.png" alt="enter image description here"></p> <p>I think there is still room for improvement, I'm thinking in a genetic algorithm... </p>
36,729
[ -0.008020488545298576, 0.014284412376582623, 0.03227267786860466, -0.0281174685806036, 0.01637089066207409, -0.014390499331057072, -0.061940986663103104, -0.02822444774210453, 0.01075612660497427, -0.04163205996155739, 0.030470112338662148, 0.021295325830578804, 0.00786573439836502, 0.07294420897960663, 0.010182701982557774, 0.014791209250688553, -0.0276650283485651, -0.03721684589982033, 0.006216275040060282, -0.009576590731739998, 0.0043009486980736256, 0.012537281960248947, 0.022356586530804634, -0.03188921883702278, 0.006929156836122274, 0.05907484143972397, 0.025805488228797913, 0.00830932054668665, -0.014638545922935009, 0.03951738029718399, -0.02711089700460434, -0.055513400584459305, 0.03881382197141647, 0.020901167765259743, 0.018905101343989372, -0.01737280562520027, -0.010301071219146252, 0.0016180356033146381, -0.016326550394296646, 0.017484134063124657, -0.038715459406375885, -0.023603366687893867, 0.02690771408379078, 0.04542144387960434, -0.011971155181527138, 0.02598976157605648, 0.020729493349790573, -0.01675327681005001, 0.06407403200864792, -0.046140387654304504, 0.08834231644868851, -0.005259917117655277, 0.02148386836051941, 0.040177397429943085, -0.04311063140630722, -0.0013278431724756956, 0.011674470268189907, 0.06548279523849487, -0.008582845330238342, -0.017643028870224953, -0.010059934109449387, -0.01245836541056633, -0.019335811957716942, 0.0039609139785170555, -0.050164978951215744, -0.03217164799571037, 0.006147074047476053, 0.024495095014572144, 0.03325631842017174, 0.015692371875047684, -0.03316493332386017, -0.0012128592934459448, -0.01089255791157484, -0.031887251883745193, 0.01924029551446438, -0.012701255269348621, -0.02471238747239113, 0.011420014314353466, 0.053551409393548965, 0.01736321859061718, 0.0014013978652656078, 0.057212281972169876, -0.06027531251311302, -0.020445087924599648, 0.06709926575422287, -0.028618905693292618, 0.058386094868183136, -0.06378161907196045, 0.011338439770042896, 0.015472954139113426, -0.009927300736308098, -0.0005878599477000535, 0.014322099275887012, 0.027072003111243248, -0.026472393423318863, 0.02321222983300686, -0.03291822969913483, -0.0036038467660546303, -0.011079058982431889, -0.002769719110801816, -0.03959880396723747, -0.029193490743637085, 0.015864787623286247, 0.05969316139817238, -0.04275159910321236, 0.00969630666077137, -0.04533609375357628, -0.016915734857320786, 0.00420113280415535, 0.015223502181470394, -0.020896228030323982, 0.020908042788505554, 0.03181764855980873, -0.02101350948214531, 0.00764570664614439, -0.0351545587182045, -0.044941406697034836, 0.00047560231178067625, 0.05070308968424797, 0.0658528134226799, 0.04749144986271858, -0.009720351547002792, 0.05365026742219925, -0.02521658129990101, -0.043462350964546204, 0.009452505968511105, 0.007487517315894365, 0.010366139002144337, -0.003961427137255669, -0.03234133496880531, -0.011460564099252224, -0.0073407297022640705, 0.03348755091428757, -0.013527994975447655, -0.005573908798396587, -0.018567049875855446, -0.093352772295475, -0.047531940042972565, 0.011941525153815746, -0.01775205507874489, 0.031040586531162262, -0.03731226548552513, -0.0020662504248321056, 0.0004614780191332102, 0.022620365023612976, -0.016155105084180832, 0.01668061502277851, 0.0059884656220674515, 0.0024154954589903355, -0.00469691539183259, -0.019920699298381805, -0.006717226002365351, -0.021185528486967087, -0.019295692443847656, 0.004662626888602972, -0.055764324963092804, 0.021690115332603455, 0.02486991509795189, -0.0359765961766243, -0.004504954908043146, 0.025870271027088165, -0.03217197582125664, 0.014528193511068821, -0.02458571083843708, 0.0027090152725577354, -0.002858096035197377, 0.09792915731668472, -0.01820930652320385, 0.029617127031087875, 0.027991171926259995, -0.06437098234891891, 0.011144480668008327, 0.026377256959676743, 0.03262129798531532, 0.020074404776096344, 0.029323723167181015, 0.006799989379942417, -0.03388630226254463, 0.021720372140407562, 0.008142715319991112, -0.029991231858730316, -0.02884802594780922, 0.0243834238499403, 0.02468530647456646, 0.05507733300328255, 0.010949458926916122, -0.001990571850910783, -0.07464949786663055, 0.04921910539269447, -0.024634776636958122, -0.04387659206986427, -0.05770444869995117, -0.02074499800801277, -0.003542359219864011, -0.05174669623374939, 0.008918958716094494, 0.04037381336092949, -0.018301956355571747, 0.06763719022274017, -0.008635979145765305, -0.02123143896460533, -0.00018867185281123966, 0.08173494040966034, -0.01694575324654579, -0.01711820624768734, -0.009176166728138924, 0.029330406337976456, -0.024391012266278267, 0.06513182073831558, -0.042420394718647, -0.0552157461643219, -0.0145135298371315, -0.021128514781594276, 0.0191176850348711, -0.02102191373705864, 0.0020068325102329254, 0.046692024916410446, 0.04132958501577377, -0.01228804886341095, 0.04740790277719498, -0.0027790633030235767, 0.029902253299951553, 0.02402426302433014, 0.028127791360020638, 0.015919726341962814, -0.02133389748632908, -0.013282748870551586, -0.0025513560976833105, -0.03338159993290901, 0.015707729384303093, -0.04077620059251785, 0.018483629450201988, 0.00936376303434372, 0.05036072060465813, -0.03853193297982216, -0.024452533572912216, 0.0024659684859216213, 0.008761274628341198, 0.020206941291689873, 0.010835697874426842, -0.0015956173883751035, 0.03159232810139656, 0.029638171195983887, 0.024550344794988632, 0.0054923659190535545, 0.009525027126073837, 0.06344059854745865, 0.0019970685243606567, 0.0686250627040863, 0.00042713063885457814, -0.024172304198145866, 0.052965302020311356, 0.00324829388409853, -0.021170342341065407, -0.00006056825441191904, -0.02423550747334957, 0.03993227705359459, 0.007416434586048126, 0.00286874920129776, 0.05093294382095337, 0.034222494810819626, -0.0003646803379524499, 0.0000468313810415566, -0.04272625222802162, 0.027805155143141747, 0.0314643457531929, -0.05736029893159866, -0.007931618951261044, 0.017656691372394562, -0.02474384754896164, 0.010549243539571762, 0.009340398013591766, -0.028767699375748634, -0.04732847213745117, 0.024909989908337593, 0.04358748346567154, -0.003309652442112565, 0.011558969505131245, -0.024479810148477554, -0.01997245103120804, 0.0003152966091874987, 0.0032110961619764566, 0.05961908772587776, 0.019421566277742386, -0.02732142247259617, 0.0215706005692482, -0.020864717662334442, -0.0033848390448838472, -0.008605580776929855, 0.00030785665148869157, -0.061927374452352524, 0.027436604723334312, 0.00631758663803339, -0.04632639139890671, -0.013069587759673595, 0.026642097160220146, 0.018295584246516228, -0.028699494898319244, -0.024289198219776154, 0.02507650852203369, 0.01575651951134205, -0.043230053037405014, 0.009042004123330116, -0.03757559135556221, -0.029886912554502487, 0.010811195708811283, 0.007268932648003101, -0.010723929852247238, 0.00296870619058609, 0.010900821536779404, 0.00869322195649147, -0.02470547705888748, 0.011745446361601353, -0.047832589596509933, -0.04633704945445061, -0.013894114643335342, 0.0042201136238873005, 0.01746409386396408, 0.0046898978762328625, 0.04395896568894386, 0.07307349145412445, 0.05812115967273712, -0.04587157443165779, -0.04356607794761658, -0.0023602715227752924, -0.04969131574034691, -0.003975613042712212, 0.06747770309448242, 0.02318645641207695, 0.0219868253916502, -0.0008919720421545208, -0.00792024191468954, 0.04481694474816322, 0.0466567724943161, -0.014142706990242004, -0.003290485590696335, 0.026446770876646042, -0.022457756102085114, -0.04120137169957161, 0.03992704302072525, 0.027069782838225365, -0.022952333092689514, 0.0346248522400856, 0.0073278844356536865, -0.001502378610894084, 0.03203744441270828, -0.04031958803534508, -0.0009374697110615671, -0.010264456272125244, 0.0522640086710453, -0.009344836696982384, -0.01486192736774683, 0.05603836104273796, -0.01996895857155323, 0.0019779663998633623, 0.0013696562964469194, 0.04275790974497795, -0.037004996091127396, -0.046584099531173706, 0.07118984311819077, 0.03812936320900917, -0.014755722135305405, 0.016707520931959152, 0.003080844646319747, -0.03793918341398239, 0.008835184387862682, -0.051029838621616364, 0.002152928849682212, 0.01858431100845337, 0.06540469825267792, 0.017573893070220947, 0.018813272938132286, 0.008856178261339664, 0.011825836263597012, -0.05700506642460823, 0.009576178155839443, -0.04270326346158981, 0.02985861897468567, 0.01559840701520443, 0.07980471104383469, 0.0142722949385643, 0.024308113381266594, -0.0015856062527745962, 0.021748051047325134, -0.07745427638292313, 0.028447668999433517, 0.02060454525053501, -0.014897775836288929, -0.0069877165369689465, -0.030103687196969986, 0.026611287146806717, 0.01809029094874859, -0.0048543778248131275, -0.008191749453544617, 0.026131493970751762, -0.04660047963261604, 0.01961466670036316, 0.0019063027575612068, -0.021940376609563828, -0.04646012559533119, 0.04415304958820343, 0.038410574197769165, 0.023404663428664207, 0.0277317576110363, 0.008044264279305935, -0.014895551837980747, 0.007947376929223537, 0.024099985137581825, -0.01238172221928835, 0.0005135999526828527, 0.045847825706005096, 0.02436213754117489, 0.04277017340064049, -0.013187797740101814, -0.017307182773947716, -0.02758297324180603, 0.05866185203194618, 0.011891943402588367, -0.03491567075252533, 0.005453514866530895, -0.030677540227770805, -0.010875721462070942, -0.028494596481323242, 0.047786399722099304, -0.039120692759752274, 0.01355995237827301, 0.044982343912124634, 0.017758674919605255, -0.024183908477425575, -0.005693796090781689, 0.07037155330181122, 0.04293470084667206, -0.03973325714468956, -0.0217153187841177, -0.0027078865095973015, -0.006051075644791126, -0.0009367740130983293, 0.022539393976330757, 0.006375141907483339, 0.0028020236641168594, -0.0048815603367984295, 0.019970262423157692, 0.015049896202981472, -0.03244249150156975, -0.01581774838268757, 0.0034389584325253963, 0.007239863742142916, -0.021761098876595497, -0.04332499951124191, -0.004187860060483217, 0.033583514392375946, -0.0032525123097002506, -0.013870546594262123, -0.03927883878350258, -0.11832068115472794, -0.03499281778931618, 0.07142578065395355, 0.07543974369764328, 0.00030065327882766724, -0.02360275201499462, -0.0512380450963974, -0.011068214662373066, 0.01344282366335392, -0.04065864160656929, 0.03302552551031113, -0.018010679632425308, 0.03615200147032738, -0.0347527377307415, -0.016451476141810417, -0.03401203826069832, -0.006640047300606966, -0.045689646154642105, 0.011306410655379295, -0.04415370151400566, -0.039296478033065796, -0.007092000916600227, 0.03293926268815994, 0.0118906544521451, 0.020557861775159836, -0.011244175024330616, -0.0308847576379776, 0.005532402545213699, -0.015722842887043953, -0.020368754863739014, -0.029810428619384766, 0.04323897138237953, 0.02313738875091076, 0.005466865841299295, 0.07340933382511139, 0.006554595194756985, -0.009593016467988491, 0.030693911015987396, -0.009761699475347996, 0.009912598878145218, 0.014094148762524128, -0.004113596398383379, 0.03628838434815407, 0.029306095093488693, -0.018609898164868355, 0.0402718149125576, -0.0025826068595051765, -0.01476601418107748, 0.03653844818472862, -0.06367391347885132, 0.01740061491727829, -0.016429606825113297, -0.04007849097251892, -0.01620902307331562, -0.02989940717816353, -0.005083912517875433, 0.025377944111824036, -0.03780360892415047, 0.06139753386378288, -0.015822123736143112, -0.029278304427862167, 0.01310186181217432, 0.03547699749469757, -0.009821121580898762, 0.02654656581580639, -0.023862961679697037, 0.0001480437786085531, 0.003487858921289444, 0.02032509259879589, 0.05678117647767067, -0.014484439045190811, 0.002905750647187233, 0.03259848803281784, -0.07993480563163757, -0.0059034815058112144, -0.003017486073076725, 0.02346007339656353, 0.028386294841766357, -0.002679999452084303, 0.0014041331596672535, -0.02058270201086998, 0.07271730154752731, -0.020511070266366005, -0.008085979148745537, -0.024263057857751846, 0.03552514314651489, -0.0503251813352108, -0.038082338869571686, 0.001173847122117877, 0.03906434401869774, -0.001128105795942247, -0.0012548135127872229, -0.03690863028168678, -0.028013939037919044, -0.019101429730653763, 0.02837022766470909, -0.018795587122440338, -0.06688323616981506, -0.013535289093852043, 0.034003689885139465, -0.0073358286172151566, 0.005265099462121725, 0.047268327325582504, -0.029055992141366005, 0.02228257991373539, -0.013706037774682045, 0.008547536097466946, 0.03564702346920967, 0.02132558636367321, -0.021259570494294167, -0.004354420118033886, -0.0025648116134107113, -0.008139470592141151, 0.032711245119571686, -0.020212840288877487, -0.04458950459957123, 0.019532546401023865, -0.018642760813236237, 0.006040739361196756, 0.059129152446985245, -0.03247033804655075, -0.0005242722691036761, -0.025454264134168625, 0.0016970218857750297, 0.00935308076441288, -0.04522966593503952, -0.006093770265579224, -0.026952270418405533, -0.012563670985400677, -0.03401091694831848, -0.012289710342884064, -0.0013836786383762956, -0.0283894632011652, -0.019014066085219383, 0.005734642036259174, -0.026156369596719742, 0.055041082203388214, 0.08334335684776306, -0.011206386610865593, 0.019924385473132133, -0.0013995104236528277, -0.03359066694974899, 0.047305770218372345, -0.0008968704496510327, 0.02117449976503849, 0.009376725181937218, 0.008929522708058357, 0.00019232173508498818, 0.006184237543493509, -0.05141926929354668, -0.0063484651036560535, 0.039166077971458435, 0.03432580083608627, 0.035609882324934006, 0.04096052423119545, 0.02154885232448578, 0.0009596932213753462, -0.013521646149456501, 0.005911403801292181, -0.010744521394371986, 0.014441865496337414, 0.07396554201841354, 0.013553154654800892, -0.06616491079330444, 0.051061179488897324, -0.032534658908843994, -0.01715536043047905, 0.04958728700876236, 0.008054624311625957, -0.024013811722397804, 0.02064422145485878, -0.048126332461833954, -0.02837897650897503, -0.004124663304537535, -0.035220950841903687, 0.02840544655919075, -0.01889669895172119, -0.11502806842327118, -0.004849594552069902, 0.01570858247578144, -0.03198343515396118, -0.006753109395503998, -0.028885144740343094, -0.054336320608854294, 0.00922941230237484, 0.012802028097212315, -0.02125909924507141, 0.020878585055470467, 0.01706528477370739, -0.028776593506336212, -0.004055690951645374, 0.05330131575465202, -0.03629070520401001, -0.010519466362893581, 0.010936076752841473, -0.015885354951024055, -0.06521384418010712, 0.03840844705700874, 0.0059235249646008015, -0.025928882881999016, 0.015726445242762566, -0.013694400899112225, 0.03240890055894852, 0.00599572341889143, 0.028853796422481537, 0.03508039563894272, 0.029788309708237648, -0.003216130193322897, 0.038106586784124374, 0.01466708816587925, -0.0304400697350502, 0.1436174511909485, 0.08921466767787933, 0.01964845322072506, -0.03564225509762764, 0.038578715175390244, 0.0353810116648674, -0.01447451114654541, -0.003266502171754837, -0.03929257020354271, -0.01236699614673853, -0.010414267890155315, 0.03942519798874855, 0.02069101855158806, -0.006900859996676445, 0.037797264754772186, 0.022388868033885956, -0.021051615476608276, -0.03475407510995865, 0.011810203082859516, 0.012357307597994804, -0.015518342144787312, -0.0017435960471630096, -0.07467056810855865, 0.010112471878528595, 0.08123000711202621, 0.01822674088180065, -0.019902586936950684, -0.0038399226032197475, 0.025557808578014374, 0.024851838126778603, 0.0005556469550356269, 0.007001700345426798, 0.011946923099458218, -0.01982758566737175, 0.04566909745335579, -0.016772698611021042, 0.017535541206598282, -0.07026372849941254, 0.047905344516038895, -0.01301124133169651, 0.014616889879107475, -0.0067211720161139965, -0.03681677579879761, -0.002225305885076523, -0.014847353100776672, -0.02285570465028286, -0.049172453582286835, 0.01094338484108448, 0.0005892000044696033, -0.03981323167681694, 0.008311597630381584, 0.009873107075691223, -0.018330484628677368, -0.030474279075860977, -0.022237960249185562, 0.009302221238613129, 0.04198142886161804, -0.013464047573506832, -0.04337463900446892, -0.03885520249605179, 0.00476792361587286, 0.0025974102318286896, 0.01804519258439541, -0.007348951417952776, 0.012268243357539177, 0.009597418829798698, -0.05760253593325615, 0.045086201280355453, -0.023156894370913506, 0.008603109046816826, 0.021092263981699944, -0.04507119953632355, -0.015456289052963257, -0.014736433513462543, 0.005356207024306059, 0.02783343754708767, 0.02936752513051033, 0.004196065943688154, -0.048117898404598236, 0.007868594489991665, -0.040937237441539764, -0.0021410505287349224, -0.02276269719004631, -0.040960732847452164, -0.012489832006394863, 0.04052041098475456, 0.03700889274477959, 0.03479182720184326, 0.013952570967376232, 0.0026744084898382425, 0.013079386204481125, 0.040720440447330475, 0.029199667274951935, -0.019047753885388374, -0.032149482518434525, -0.008706108666956425, -0.024731364101171494, -0.008236154913902283, 0.007510020863264799, 0.04565190523862839, -0.010186067782342434, -0.019813645631074905, -0.014694112353026867, 0.023353418335318565, -0.008764025755226612, 0.013943559490144253, 0.00468858378008008, -0.04851487651467323, 0.03331495448946953, -0.006507649552077055, -0.016332605853676796, -0.06633128225803375, -0.003960523288697004, -0.021507296711206436, -0.0674283429980278, 0.006622379645705223, -0.04369651898741722, -0.03080294467508793, -0.023422177881002426, 0.03525109961628914, -0.001150593743659556, -0.02066715992987156, -0.003412962192669511, -0.04297832027077675, -0.022207248955965042, -0.03358568996191025, -0.018346432596445084, 0.01645597070455551, 0.021674180403351784, -0.029980747029185295, 0.024271590635180473, 0.09140785038471222, 0.02334955520927906, 0.03907331824302673, -0.01859525591135025, -0.009856156073510647, 0.021722422912716866, 0.031075531616806984, 0.024150820448994637, 0.03113807737827301, 0.02711481973528862, -0.06596462428569794, -0.007290195673704147, -0.041966963559389114, 0.01339274737983942, 0.016836736351251602, 0.007458638399839401, 0.00738872867077589, -0.025911567732691765, 0.012912423349916935, -0.05003643408417702, -0.03980153053998947, 0.041083090007305145, 0.014295061118900776, -0.007433468475937843, -0.010324290953576565, 0.0005575832328759134, -0.007953561842441559, 0.0014601347502321005, 0.014408642426133156, 0.000997849041596055, 0.03190646693110466, -0.04909510165452957, -0.01270737312734127, -0.021380538120865822, 0.002817759057506919, 0.015323491767048836, -0.03607109561562538, 0.006158232688903809, 0.04788585007190704, -0.037717305123806, 0.04936136305332184, 0.008004233241081238, 0.021868987008929253, -0.09057854861021042, -0.0009503865148872137, 0.012557012028992176, 0.00536864111199975, 0.030278995633125305, -0.051253706216812134, 0.06614159792661667, 0.03005244955420494, -0.03285326436161995, 0.01968267560005188, -0.024891236796975136, -0.007617550436407328, -0.031106317415833473, 0.07509030401706696, -0.04577115923166275, 0.008658302947878838, 0.05737767741084099, 0.027428511530160904, 0.0653284341096878, 0.004370424430817366, -0.0005147416959516704, -0.037183940410614014, -0.013589637354016304, -0.00002927256718976423, 0.009129670448601246, -0.05658559128642082, -0.007798528764396906, -0.013794486410915852, -0.015707919374108315, 0.014528900384902954, -0.038407471030950546, 0.006425776518881321, 0.023812459781765938, 0.040656205266714096, 0.03314657509326935, 0.04644618555903435, 0.008761744014918804, 0.012699397280812263, -0.026218419894576073, -0.026332451030611992, -0.003377484390512109, -0.010903503745794296, 0.00732946302741766, 0.0021963994950056076, 0.001536344992928207, -0.016214516013860703, -0.02184581570327282, 0.02282325178384781, -0.031135059893131256, -0.03355705738067627, -0.0432538203895092, -0.024728428572416306, 0.0183968935161829, -0.003509923815727234, 0.002539311535656452, -0.03918306902050972, -0.001171381794847548, 0.016636451706290245, 0.01617131009697914, 0.009237938560545444, 0.023709872737526894, -0.00878929067403078, -0.06379597634077072, -0.004242094233632088, 0.01311565563082695, -0.008882922120392323, -0.04125059396028519, -0.012163807637989521, -0.004774715751409531, 0.03822145611047745, -0.008961496874690056, 0.02706613391637802, 0.0002597300335764885, 0.026560617610812187, -0.030494652688503265, 0.028874779120087624, -0.0070007662288844585, -0.027054397389292717, 0.03774471953511238, -0.07989124208688736, 0.054091840982437134, -0.00006405167368939146, 0.01862828992307186, -0.0037211687304079533, 0.018103113397955894, -0.03679007664322853, 0.04987623170018196, 0.03747455030679703, 0.02004408650100231, 0.016206638887524605, 0.0028348546475172043, 0.011538245715200901, 0.016938025131821632, -0.03321569785475731, 0.03358247131109238, -0.01283714734017849, 0.0036237069871276617, -0.008264181204140186, -0.000561869761440903, 0.007267255801707506, 0.010306550189852715, -0.010800533927977085, 0.005883135367184877, -0.03856639564037323, 0.03366991877555847, -0.02963031642138958, -0.009197027422487736, -0.05665575712919235, -0.018785616382956505, 0.04839828237891197, -0.022215988487005234, -0.016062062233686447, 0.04835951700806618, 0.025320373475551605, -0.005886506289243698, -0.016901109367609024, -0.0017466149292886257, -0.01604096032679081, 0.028157446533441544, -0.0073851109482347965, 0.02166297286748886, -0.028043486177921295, 0.055617693811655045, -0.03324415534734726, -0.035888101905584335, -0.005987750831991434, 0.04685511440038681, -0.029165878891944885, 0.03989056870341301, 0.014476412907242775, 0.03715583309531212, -0.012521985918283463, -0.04090606048703194, 0.028554128482937813, -0.0014337844913825393, -0.024190088734030724, -0.016955267637968063, 0.014770961366593838, 0.010299596935510635, 0.003946951124817133, 0.027926446869969368, -0.0037038330920040607, 0.01861521787941456, -0.01956102065742016, -0.017321597784757614, 0.028253432363271713, -0.057873014360666275, 0.010547860525548458, 0.005358399357646704, 0.019325263798236847, 0.04102885350584984, -0.035088952630758286, 0.00877593457698822, -0.02637418359518051, -0.03533153235912323, 0.006161691155284643, 0.0463397391140461, -0.05169512704014778, 0.036873798817396164, -0.028441624715924263, 0.06290122121572495, 0.011116782203316689, 0.0043340339325368404, 0.010587944649159908, 0.00671279476955533, 0.039794888347387314, -0.020887810736894608, -0.0021852573845535517, 0.05141434073448181, 0.026997877284884453, -0.009857183322310448, -0.02220390923321247, -0.0073262169025838375, 0.03769081085920334, 0.0033366328570991755, 0.010087581351399422, 0.006605863571166992, -0.011954914778470993, 0.027554379776120186, -0.026734551414847374, -0.02733488939702511, -0.010544594377279282, -0.012432442978024483, 0.0060290084220469, -0.00759999779984355 ]
<p>The EM algorithm roughly has two steps.<br> E-Step:<br> Calculate the conditional expectation of the likelihood function given the data $x_1, . . . , x_n $ and the current estimates of parameters $\Theta^{[k]}$. So the objective function would be $Q(\Theta, \Theta^{[k]})=E[\ln(\Theta,x_1, . . . , x_n)|x_1, . . . , x_n,\Theta^{[k]}]$<br> M-step:<br> Maximize the objective function with respect to $\Theta $ to obtain the next set of estimates $\Theta^{[k+1]}$.</p> <p>Now does the EM algorithm require i.i.d data to estimate the parameters? Is that possible to use EM algorithm even in the case of non i.i.d data?</p>
19,095
[ -0.020100677385926247, -0.019935347139835358, 0.00851038284599781, -0.04040524736046791, -0.008374098688364029, 0.01595894992351532, -0.03074098937213421, -0.0029993399512022734, 0.019054587930440903, -0.03859061002731323, 0.02650557830929756, 0.03528453782200813, 0.07244264334440231, 0.007637756876647472, 0.004833657760173082, 0.017690079286694527, -0.019975438714027405, 0.0373229943215847, -0.003101225709542632, 0.001747476402670145, -0.012386549264192581, 0.07165714353322983, 0.01597573421895504, -0.01005088072270155, -0.04100019857287407, 0.020332464948296547, 0.047568727284669876, -0.004471050575375557, -0.0022758368868380785, 0.0583590567111969, -0.03633061423897743, -0.019433775916695595, 0.0053134034387767315, 0.04752416908740997, -0.025439077988266945, -0.00235373480245471, -0.055397164076566696, -0.026041481643915176, 0.003031895961612463, 0.025345196947455406, -0.028918908908963203, -0.030603623017668724, -0.013540712185204029, 0.006272901780903339, -0.01901307888329029, 0.03671928867697716, -0.017502378672361374, -0.05059545859694481, -0.019674088805913925, -0.026570143178105354, 0.07849523425102234, -0.0006386098684743047, 0.01161239668726921, 0.021766861900687218, -0.02030198648571968, -0.02242080494761467, 0.043201033025979996, 0.06467345356941223, 0.032063085585832596, -0.0507611408829689, -0.027889057993888855, -0.015656646341085434, 0.02414562925696373, -0.011719023808836937, -0.03751223906874657, 0.04034742712974548, 0.04133929684758186, 0.009655706584453583, 0.03528226539492607, 0.010164209641516209, 0.0036007019225507975, 0.024305231869220734, 0.050582222640514374, 0.01854684390127659, -0.007214091718196869, 0.007979159243404865, 0.006833515129983425, 0.021069878712296486, 0.038887329399585724, 0.02510717324912548, 0.01841452345252037, -0.013897355645895004, 0.0408756323158741, 0.044756095856428146, 0.00718420185148716, 0.004289072472602129, 0.0860271230340004, -0.028699137270450592, 0.004364774562418461, -0.01712900772690773, -0.007079056929796934, 0.01975713111460209, 0.04246100038290024, -0.06758418679237366, -0.04773923009634018, 0.03753747045993805, -0.012097513303160667, 0.014717460609972477, 0.01921616680920124, -0.027096467092633247, 0.008485784754157066, -0.016024746000766754, -0.014067011885344982, 0.013346714898943901, -0.011624084785580635, 0.01596146821975708, 0.00010757778363768011, 0.005688231438398361, -0.008775318041443825, -0.012012068182229996, -0.0004936587647534907, 0.021305806934833527, 0.006164663936942816, 0.012038752436637878, 0.02187998965382576, -0.009529856964945793, -0.010395778343081474, -0.018549958243966103, 0.04103001579642296, 0.08497023582458496, -0.002355600008741021, -0.033068861812353134, 0.0012884433381259441, -0.026239028200507164, -0.0609775073826313, -0.013890338130295277, 0.006344107910990715, -0.016863925382494926, -0.052343204617500305, 0.05003632232546806, -0.014277235604822636, 0.000018584236386232078, 0.08542934060096741, 0.008068881928920746, 0.02982572466135025, 0.01834631711244583, -0.06823261827230453, -0.017352817580103874, 0.018852537497878075, -0.04289793595671654, 0.03469929099082947, -0.07103752344846725, -0.004359179176390171, 0.046309199184179306, 0.027928851544857025, 0.012174217030405998, 0.08262604475021362, 0.027215324342250824, 0.020156588405370712, 0.03591945022344589, -0.02535296231508255, -0.014706803485751152, -0.02829076163470745, 0.001339319278486073, -0.010657154954969883, -0.07068859785795212, 0.029432887211441994, 0.035576097667217255, -0.03334793448448181, -0.021977009251713753, 0.044164713472127914, 0.02089238539338112, -0.035215023905038834, -0.006189360748976469, -0.012722724117338657, -0.030307915061712265, 0.05651339888572693, 0.03467318415641785, 0.053076375275850296, 0.018545599654316902, 0.0078781982883811, 0.04366966336965561, 0.01064531784504652, 0.024559887126088142, 0.056604500859975815, -0.031402211636304855, -0.03408638760447502, -0.04442872852087021, 0.05392007902264595, 0.03901755437254906, -0.012227153405547142, -0.018357038497924805, 0.01911962777376175, -0.027362557128071785, 0.017879843711853027, 0.03896430879831314, 0.005303621292114258, -0.02424783632159233, 0.01785561442375183, -0.03687157854437828, -0.017578953877091408, -0.04844978451728821, 0.03882550448179245, 0.0057428572326898575, -0.007001872174441814, 0.035521913319826126, -0.02144010365009308, -0.010204714722931385, -0.006521525327116251, -0.02523650974035263, -0.018170133233070374, -0.020907869562506676, 0.008489503525197506, -0.02269364707171917, 0.005042208358645439, 0.04565875604748726, 0.018959369510412216, 0.005818148143589497, 0.04591631144285202, -0.06365518271923065, -0.06673365831375122, -0.0015925549669191241, -0.043782349675893784, 0.02457418292760849, 0.02392423152923584, -0.019196758046746254, 0.009407385252416134, -0.012400126084685326, -0.018483443185687065, 0.0016443911008536816, -0.03480850160121918, 0.0746452733874321, 0.06833618879318237, 0.0138122932985425, 0.0019469809485599399, 0.004107993561774492, 0.03666681796312332, 0.030009524896740913, 0.012397244572639465, -0.0135055435821414, -0.052995119243860245, -0.0178980715572834, 0.02867642417550087, 0.018750673159956932, -0.07015513628721237, 0.04164738580584526, 0.03794820234179497, 0.03281288221478462, 0.003269017208367586, 0.02287401258945465, -0.049800533801317215, -0.005219734739512205, 0.044479724019765854, 0.007957628928124905, -0.03724600374698639, 0.015042254701256752, 0.013035322539508343, -0.015744904056191444, 0.010980086401104927, -0.011759856715798378, 0.010171059519052505, 0.03948143124580383, -0.020374756306409836, -0.032324038445949554, -0.009626079350709915, -0.02097260393202305, 0.03357329219579697, -0.06200661137700081, 0.04243425279855728, -0.03622695803642273, -0.02256973274052143, 0.007754002697765827, -0.005093312822282314, -0.006514545530080795, 0.029262922704219818, 0.02466246485710144, -0.017208749428391457, 0.018155282363295555, 0.030547548085451126, -0.046610500663518906, 0.025873703882098198, -0.024190256372094154, -0.038728874176740646, -0.014398327097296715, 0.034611351788043976, 0.035387273877859116, -0.00878957286477089, 0.007974926382303238, -0.02996228262782097, -0.056539468467235565, -0.029040740802884102, -0.0393761470913887, 0.03278312832117081, 0.04010803997516632, -0.027147822082042694, -0.018864139914512634, -0.014534490182995796, -0.01961476542055607, 0.03987117111682892, 0.008539360016584396, 0.028010036796331406, 0.02616134099662304, 0.0018318848451599479, -0.0657365545630455, 0.00008425243868259713, -0.01828901283442974, 0.008339686319231987, -0.017147066071629524, -0.018992185592651367, 0.04502984136343002, 0.037712905555963516, -0.002229396952316165, 0.0192247424274683, -0.036745309829711914, -0.033490341156721115, -0.04063042998313904, 0.00019194242486264557, 0.013074969872832298, 0.006934788078069687, 0.05152003839612007, 0.05146757513284683, -0.03014901652932167, 0.0041318489238619804, -0.10799868404865265, -0.06538589298725128, 0.046685606241226196, -0.03024410642683506, 0.007326415274292231, 0.005190754309296608, -0.05092143639922142, 0.03899078816175461, 0.04195447266101837, -0.06291088461875916, -0.014055345207452774, 0.0018237672047689557, -0.03235330060124397, -0.05088864266872406, -0.004424763843417168, 0.026993028819561005, 0.0076195355504751205, 0.013655235059559345, 0.0015012903604656458, -0.019019052386283875, 0.028487199917435646, -0.0010457057505846024, 0.007874530740082264, 0.04504532366991043, 0.04601665958762169, 0.008179825730621815, 0.05293009430170059, 0.01961459591984749, -0.007678493857383728, 0.030121492221951485, 0.005636971909552813, 0.01670915074646473, 0.01019779872149229, -0.009013197384774685, 0.0312875434756279, -0.06963728368282318, -0.004199319984763861, -0.052190251648426056, 0.03382262960076332, 0.013809982687234879, -0.01231759786605835, 0.0013042761711403728, 0.01504818256944418, 0.015081052668392658, -0.021364660933613777, -0.004192655440419912, 0.022646330296993256, -0.009337621740996838, -0.03575748950242996, 0.003754334058612585, -0.005118621047586203, -0.0159818883985281, 0.001501173246651888, -0.022756874561309814, -0.01592172682285309, -0.0020528079476207495, 0.03960894048213959, -0.00836370512843132, -0.014522655867040157, -0.03398733586072922, -0.011738727800548077, -0.046787865459918976, 0.014695074409246445, -0.0026946193538606167, 0.04122199863195419, 0.011048593558371067, 0.046777866780757904, 0.019225675612688065, -0.0202017929404974, 0.00319489324465394, 0.016477294266223907, -0.10688126087188721, -0.007622967474162579, -0.0007832364644855261, 0.009124412201344967, 0.0089783426374197, -0.03895731642842293, 0.04743625596165657, -0.03971532732248306, 0.017237620428204536, 0.012299307622015476, 0.006312554236501455, -0.03033468686044216, 0.005848470143973827, -0.04344342648983002, -0.008045580238103867, -0.004919811617583036, 0.02512935735285282, 0.051167260855436325, -0.02405652590095997, 0.024684026837348938, 0.049903713166713715, -0.01290660910308361, -0.0213550366461277, 0.008913866244256496, 0.008201546967029572, -0.035062845796346664, 0.038452763110399246, 0.01375066302716732, 0.016738835722208023, -0.027237815782427788, 0.03641103580594063, 0.006148603744804859, 0.08084787428379059, 0.061053354293107986, -0.015223829075694084, -0.027255503460764885, -0.05183548107743263, -0.035132911056280136, -0.006962089333683252, 0.018312206491827965, 0.025011247023940086, -0.01839412935078144, 0.08403802663087845, 0.001917530200444162, -0.04035624861717224, 0.00637404527515173, 0.07803157716989517, 0.03760646656155586, -0.012863261625170708, -0.02845366857945919, -0.02990068309009075, -0.015212594531476498, 0.01379553321748972, 0.02891893871128559, -0.003740718588232994, 0.003364534117281437, 0.016253771260380745, 0.039690952748060226, -0.01448590774089098, 0.0005867612781003118, 0.004165755119174719, 0.06481689214706421, 0.0453684963285923, -0.0014244714984670281, -0.02751891128718853, 0.044784799218177795, 0.04377666115760803, 0.03691968694329262, 0.0042272466234862804, 0.00722440704703331, -0.08692306280136108, 0.024021122604608536, 0.008547729812562466, 0.06019661948084831, -0.03805573284626007, -0.011751282028853893, -0.10208481550216675, 0.0012705629924312234, 0.009523192420601845, -0.019289551302790642, 0.013963451609015465, -0.01665494032204151, -0.0039892313070595264, -0.049631375819444656, -0.015882860869169235, -0.033485058695077896, -0.006314115133136511, -0.00469330744817853, -0.0005596421542577446, -0.018439453095197678, -0.021896572783589363, -0.020101556554436684, -0.005308866035193205, 0.023850325495004654, 0.06984838843345642, -0.006624576169997454, -0.004945683293044567, 0.026477115228772163, 0.014047833159565926, -0.023952631279826164, -0.06098330393433571, 0.027189714834094048, -0.009945203550159931, -0.009933819994330406, -0.007791449315845966, -0.035179588943719864, -0.057305511087179184, 0.030738160014152527, 0.02750839665532112, -0.001780842081643641, 0.0025393329560756683, 0.0072294264100492, 0.029561864212155342, 0.007337723392993212, -0.0004938370548188686, 0.0788089707493782, 0.00676211342215538, -0.00014614310930483043, 0.013961473479866982, -0.05069954693317413, 0.008983995765447617, -0.03676403686404228, -0.018754515796899796, -0.008410266600549221, 0.03372839838266373, -0.00006927002687007189, 0.013919331133365631, 0.006399720907211304, 0.0300674419850111, -0.034079410135746, 0.007488169241696596, -0.03047366812825203, 0.033785950392484665, -0.00008043414709391072, -0.026996297761797905, 0.021102027967572212, 0.036191631108522415, -0.0058701480738818645, 0.0012100297026336193, 0.009716115891933441, -0.04266328737139702, 0.008522417396306992, -0.01483098790049553, -0.035072583705186844, -0.0026514697819948196, -0.04420321434736252, -0.027714697644114494, 0.01578477770090103, 0.02153559774160385, 0.03550073131918907, -0.030005628243088722, 0.0161588117480278, 0.009913913905620575, -0.05441099405288696, 0.017076216638088226, -0.022878266870975494, -0.042070161551237106, 0.027011143043637276, -0.03273874521255493, 0.006817937828600407, 0.01789284124970436, -0.006191696971654892, -0.05725210905075073, -0.003864503465592861, 0.012771790847182274, -0.04171950742602348, -0.026002073660492897, -0.0177242960780859, -0.02323017455637455, -0.010269718244671822, -0.059459030628204346, 0.0028967070393264294, 0.04446382820606232, 0.012886930257081985, 0.00006588762335013598, -0.009032554924488068, 0.049102477729320526, 0.044855836778879166, 0.005313568282872438, -0.003679512068629265, 0.0574096255004406, -0.033264923840761185, 0.0278949998319149, 0.013415941968560219, 0.026022812351584435, -0.017580483108758926, 0.013018625788390636, -0.03057471476495266, -0.006896057166159153, 0.02952236868441105, 0.0031514903530478477, -0.03713175654411316, 0.033603981137275696, 0.004591695498675108, -0.012475049123167992, -0.015491223894059658, -0.011872665956616402, -0.02507939375936985, 0.0000853858218761161, -0.02428516559302807, 0.014486543834209442, -0.021599359810352325, -0.013810391537845135, 0.05579989776015282, -0.005306730046868324, 0.021296782419085503, 0.0047420114278793335, 0.08371112495660782, -0.02715560980141163, -0.019322488456964493, 0.024755937978625298, -0.014522490091621876, 0.030978458002209663, -0.02881063148379326, 0.0077590071596205235, -0.005321126896888018, 0.03197496756911278, -0.057264894247055054, -0.051048167049884796, -0.021810324862599373, 0.01748214103281498, 0.040435731410980225, 0.02674053981900215, 0.057698674499988556, 0.01947089098393917, -0.0033656382001936436, -0.026351429522037506, -0.03925247862935066, -0.018283866345882416, 0.0025801928713917732, -0.016667954623699188, 0.03344053775072098, 0.01300729252398014, -0.006192146334797144, 0.034715984016656876, 0.000538242922630161, 0.010003464296460152, 0.01029227301478386, 0.016221266239881516, 0.02037886157631874, 0.008794493973255157, -0.016312384977936745, -0.033020175993442535, 0.034678537398576736, -0.06378619372844696, 0.01235144678503275, -0.03417417034506798, -0.01959865726530552, 0.03924066573381424, 0.01916959322988987, 0.020358728244900703, -0.039837002754211426, 0.003169891657307744, -0.060865528881549835, 0.0405508391559124, 0.023661095649003983, -0.0011474990751594305, 0.04405755549669266, -0.010862219147384167, 0.010688640177249908, -0.01107883732765913, 0.03643302619457245, 0.0048928759060800076, -0.076603464782238, -0.056313443928956985, 0.006571859586983919, -0.012646338902413845, 0.051138829439878464, 0.0221809484064579, 0.009428877383470535, 0.01315303798764944, -0.015739617869257927, 0.04337095096707344, -0.011351353488862514, 0.03354322910308838, -0.04909142106771469, 0.0843881219625473, 0.020840512588620186, 0.008452942594885826, -0.03742282837629318, -0.021961499005556107, 0.12438251078128815, 0.07308125495910645, 0.051148783415555954, -0.05165538936853409, 0.013432551175355911, -0.01884935423731804, -0.01519413199275732, -0.013734733685851097, 0.011147217825055122, 0.015716025605797768, 0.0011448855511844158, -0.0009085495839826763, 0.023754119873046875, -0.0005058294045738876, -0.003579717827960849, 0.03769763931632042, -0.04590839892625809, -0.06372593343257904, 0.006775015499442816, -0.015986105427145958, -0.004344408866018057, 0.01586257480084896, -0.04249776527285576, 0.018035627901554108, -0.02206672541797161, -0.04006025567650795, -0.0010253385407850146, -0.0351913720369339, 0.00680156797170639, -0.020851552486419678, -0.055786456912755966, -0.009647892788052559, -0.011139714159071445, -0.0047691380605101585, 0.0038962371181696653, 0.031077977269887924, -0.027655214071273804, 0.0031765284948050976, 0.004086548928171396, 0.040373995900154114, 0.029743507504463196, -0.023600520566105843, -0.01044502668082714, -0.01257338933646679, -0.037522148340940475, -0.010633319616317749, -0.03511209413409233, 0.04827362298965454, -0.01804182305932045, 0.02538204938173294, -0.00619916059076786, -0.01977439410984516, -0.008076825179159641, -0.03820645809173584, -0.0032015431206673384, 0.022062400355935097, 0.03467048704624176, -0.018687229603528976, 0.003570704022422433, -0.03330071642994881, 0.023371148854494095, -0.009690594859421253, 0.038385774940252304, 0.021000070497393608, -0.0638161227107048, -0.005201317369937897, -0.020896125584840775, 0.0574946291744709, 0.003256633412092924, 0.0014483894919976592, -0.023834235966205597, -0.02482425421476364, -0.015860330313444138, -0.023993881419301033, -0.00912178959697485, -0.004439059644937515, 0.016013726592063904, -0.029380997642874718, 0.011384504847228527, -0.017610151320695877, 0.005277399439364672, -0.017423685640096664, -0.010828384198248386, -0.007373868487775326, -0.057154372334480286, 0.007230682764202356, 0.03712603077292442, 0.03877212852239609, 0.01115818414837122, 0.023170627653598785, 0.01844489388167858, 0.032775018364191055, 0.002938168356195092, -0.037405773997306824, -0.026663238182663918, -0.0231004785746336, -0.005874674767255783, 0.030515743419528008, -0.01723192073404789, 0.05353561043739319, 0.01159854419529438, 0.047253113240003586, -0.008813847787678242, 0.037186745554208755, -0.0007533578318543732, 0.012919451110064983, -0.02197984792292118, -0.030384112149477005, 0.016683215275406837, -0.010314338840544224, 0.00715203071013093, -0.019609235227108, 0.015030145645141602, -0.03449168801307678, 0.019881388172507286, 0.01816578209400177, -0.04039173945784569, -0.03862471505999565, 0.027771716937422752, -0.021772952750325203, 0.028673527762293816, -0.011712556704878807, 0.0002927580790128559, 0.034749943763017654, 0.0015418175607919693, -0.052957143634557724, 0.013826638460159302, -0.016452835872769356, -0.016386892646551132, -0.03862426057457924, -0.02920626662671566, 0.01182154193520546, 0.013195967301726341, 0.034586984664201736, 0.01084177102893591, 0.021613148972392082, 0.004725281614810228, 0.05207142233848572, -0.034643545746803284, -0.039477765560150146, 0.03562001511454582, -0.06040041521191597, -0.02799617499113083, 0.028414763510227203, -0.002749454928562045, 0.03381167724728584, 0.057226814329624176, -0.014997848309576511, -0.024478688836097717, 0.018106674775481224, -0.04663122445344925, -0.011676141992211342, -0.006369870156049728, -0.015295406803488731, -0.005070890765637159, -0.004968888126313686, 0.0067780581302940845, 0.0006068472284823656, 0.0016738169360905886, 0.021738415583968163, 0.014723317697644234, 0.027692144736647606, -0.04847542569041252, 0.056643709540367126, 0.01882956549525261, 0.024819886311888695, 0.031822118908166885, -0.00911225751042366, 0.02287892997264862, 0.0763859674334526, -0.007346554659307003, 0.04371831938624382, -0.014305952936410904, -0.019908012822270393, -0.0808166116476059, -0.007936984300613403, 0.01778411492705345, 0.01810777373611927, 0.033436890691518784, -0.05190930515527725, -0.012798256240785122, 0.027743564918637276, -0.06949437409639359, 0.022750264033675194, -0.02201172709465027, -0.012000005692243576, -0.04902595281600952, 0.04082191735506058, -0.01419041771441698, -0.00031576098990626633, 0.04651288688182831, 0.0472303181886673, 0.03708244487643242, -0.0004678569093812257, 0.007679560221731663, -0.006103052757680416, -0.02539181150496006, 0.026370376348495483, 0.024092568084597588, -0.03780920058488846, 0.04553087428212166, -0.06398948282003403, -0.05031835287809372, -0.009384970180690289, 0.04586929827928543, 0.03785186633467674, 0.010578859597444534, 0.008134708739817142, 0.014185532927513123, 0.04880116134881973, 0.036419209092855453, -0.01229363214224577, 0.012945611029863358, 0.0187991913408041, 0.0019801429007202387, 0.031169328838586807, -0.029626887291669846, 0.016337338835000992, 0.020206060260534286, 0.019578518345952034, 0.009263589978218079, 0.01613122783601284, -0.004408072214573622, -0.046487804502248764, -0.004951604176312685, -0.018080633133649826, -0.009042151272296906, -0.03615758195519447, 0.010614247061312199, -0.011973255313932896, -0.02029077708721161, 0.010263156145811081, 0.013894236646592617, -0.0081341452896595, -0.011690600775182247, 0.009199744090437889, -0.06100333854556084, 0.0066925762221217155, 0.03264976292848587, -0.007697811350226402, -0.08233946561813354, 0.02136005088686943, 0.0032804268412292004, -0.005770497489720583, -0.023628942668437958, 0.008759220130741596, -0.04263734817504883, 0.02964320033788681, 0.00426636403426528, 0.023451581597328186, 0.03946257382631302, -0.02831627056002617, -0.031240591779351234, -0.07436108589172363, 0.0957140326499939, -0.014578940346837044, -0.030524136498570442, -0.012746882624924183, -0.02568119950592518, -0.021202700212597847, -0.0066858818754553795, 0.07001839578151703, -0.008471821434795856, -0.014565663412213326, 0.018044428899884224, 0.020447444170713425, 0.0023430148139595985, -0.050051476806402206, 0.014115766622126102, -0.03544354438781738, -0.0332498662173748, -0.025239843875169754, 0.008487232029438019, 0.01625492423772812, 0.014856287278234959, -0.0053766085766255856, 0.00047368265222758055, 0.034863315522670746, -0.003959922585636377, 0.025636155158281326, 0.014829031191766262, 0.009587415494024754, 0.0038038939237594604, 0.03683825582265854, 0.005734942387789488, 0.026046259328722954, -0.007897523231804371, -0.007235370576381683, -0.05832849442958832, 0.04416387528181076, -0.03873523324728012, -0.022858085110783577, -0.013316708616912365, 0.019044028595089912, 0.02036047913134098, -0.03530162200331688, -0.028560511767864227, 0.038607142865657806, -0.01795971766114235, 0.012287725694477558, 0.029366454109549522, 0.0016846874495968223, 0.04529017210006714, 0.01690901815891266, 0.03953869640827179, 0.0338243767619133, -0.00434848153963685, 0.013294113799929619, 0.02056276611983776, 0.03380105644464493, -0.04204176366329193, 0.022881191223859787, 0.029821062460541725, -0.03343144804239273, 0.0066629378125071526, -0.028654925525188446, 0.037673987448215485, -0.020580396056175232, -0.06695181876420975, 0.0004457516479305923, 0.004748670384287834, -0.0026407435070723295, -0.02162596397101879, -0.042002271860837936, 0.08985178172588348, -0.030324852094054222, 0.01471579261124134, -0.003592409659177065, -0.0042556291446089745, -0.02169412188231945, 0.004904984962195158, -0.027910269796848297, 0.00010917538747889921, 0.017856856808066368, -0.02166455239057541, 0.0068306573666632175, -0.001433784607797861, 0.009230646304786205, -0.013569130562245846, 0.03096291422843933, 0.02541152574121952, -0.028712762519717216, -0.0018430727068334818, -0.027103668078780174, -0.04813878610730171, -0.04067380726337433, -0.012253244407474995, 0.03415144234895706, 0.04433400183916092, -0.026574524119496346, -0.012648113071918488, -0.014232215471565723, 0.05889425426721573, -0.04964118450880051, 0.02005537785589695, -0.02501554600894451, -0.01772957108914852, 0.014767763204872608, -0.03870358318090439 ]
<p>Let $D$ be a data set containing $n$ instances of two variables $x_1$ and $x_2$. Further let $x_1$, $x_2$ be independent according to some measure like linear correlation or mutual information etc.</p> <p>How do we find a reordering of the values of $x_2$ that results in some predetermined (achievable) correlation coefficient against $x_1$? </p> <p>I guess that a simple way to achieve (close to?) maximum correlation would be to order both in increasing order (independently) and then reorder row-wise into $x_1$'s original positions.</p> <p>Thanks</p>
49,925
[ -0.02768690139055252, 0.0320691280066967, -0.011129489168524742, 0.0262654609978199, 0.013701471500098705, 0.011101550422608852, 0.007749995216727257, 0.02041386440396309, 0.035811107605695724, -0.04114822670817375, 0.01724904589354992, 0.0412760004401207, 0.051509659737348557, 0.03480953723192215, 0.04494239762425423, -0.0005149177741259336, -0.00826578214764595, 0.023971864953637123, 0.021241413429379463, -0.004046807065606117, -0.021077295765280724, 0.0326290987432003, 0.027871621772646904, -0.008957098238170147, -0.03539252653717995, 0.06509807705879211, 0.03069104626774788, -0.025068053975701332, 0.003982383292168379, 0.07991398870944977, -0.04455557093024254, -0.04122471436858177, 0.007568342611193657, 0.07064468413591385, 0.01931563951075077, -0.017237136140465736, -0.0021509795915335417, -0.01144015695899725, 0.028178926557302475, 0.013107959181070328, -0.05002615600824356, -0.07136771827936172, -0.011331283487379551, 0.04377236217260361, 0.00357731431722641, 0.023741044104099274, -0.00024216905876528472, -0.04047955572605133, 0.008412504568696022, -0.05099019035696983, 0.10877998918294907, -0.014715995639562607, 0.02118702419102192, 0.008305919356644154, -0.02046184614300728, 0.027873126789927483, 0.04556987062096596, 0.05616116151213646, 0.021304290741682053, -0.040693704038858414, -0.01257209200412035, -0.030558988451957703, -0.02006593532860279, -0.0008584728348068893, -0.028745833784341812, 0.01859520561993122, -0.0069755190052092075, 0.025386707857251167, 0.023225126788020134, -0.009032441303133965, -0.029364654794335365, 0.03919248282909393, 0.060188718140125275, -0.04365193471312523, 0.006908411160111427, -0.04477553442120552, 0.026568884029984474, -0.01717577502131462, 0.0026915688067674637, 0.01848113350570202, 0.02669082209467888, 0.028315283358097076, 0.0309281162917614, 0.039504650980234146, 0.00007381014438578859, -0.006238390691578388, 0.05859193950891495, -0.030403202399611473, 0.010808725841343403, 0.049421526491642, -0.026910996064543724, 0.0005146338371559978, 0.05005146563053131, -0.007573934271931648, -0.032196588814258575, -0.02686365880072117, -0.006467632483690977, 0.058640092611312866, 0.0009932750836014748, -0.0408775694668293, 0.00006369340553646907, -0.022956237196922302, -0.014339462853968143, 0.0647430494427681, -0.022793658077716827, 0.002537798834964633, -0.025223126634955406, 0.05359509959816933, 0.00394087377935648, -0.01835172064602375, 0.005009461659938097, 0.015949219465255737, 0.009598517790436745, -0.012784579768776894, 0.03426474705338478, -0.016943782567977905, -0.005852630827575922, 0.0010529464343562722, 0.05010508373379707, 0.06945785135030746, 0.009677127003669739, -0.038905464112758636, 0.03099643625319004, -0.001433385070413351, -0.012593363411724567, 0.006090145092457533, 0.025060033425688744, -0.009728564880788326, -0.03723818063735962, 0.04924947768449783, -0.013903249055147171, -0.019458245486021042, 0.04164639487862587, 0.008440145291388035, 0.004474911838769913, 0.012417036108672619, -0.10010377317667007, -0.04052213206887245, 0.044807642698287964, -0.04093804582953453, 0.016583207994699478, -0.08004610240459442, 0.015294844284653664, 0.04247407987713814, 0.06365374475717545, -0.004080465063452721, 0.01879073865711689, 0.006361705716699362, 0.026183076202869415, 0.024394338950514793, 0.014854617416858673, -0.030478347092866898, -0.00517461309209466, -0.02787594124674797, -0.028833139687776566, -0.054994985461235046, 0.003044754033908248, 0.0339377261698246, -0.011157581582665443, -0.007023206911981106, 0.022933704778552055, 0.016466310247778893, -0.027540139853954315, -0.03007449209690094, 0.033361900597810745, 0.006879753898829222, 0.06825298815965652, -0.0004064682871103287, 0.025693701580166817, 0.013286241330206394, -0.012860316783189774, 0.02766456827521324, 0.02516111172735691, 0.06873472779989243, 0.05153600871562958, -0.004490668419748545, -0.035497888922691345, 0.0010929919080808759, 0.018716497346758842, -0.004184897057712078, -0.002524695824831724, -0.03931713104248047, -0.013607349246740341, 0.001181904342956841, 0.014237988740205765, 0.020829714834690094, -0.04019876942038536, 0.0032729192171245813, 0.013082318007946014, -0.029574064537882805, -0.0150154372677207, -0.07072170078754425, 0.005985309835523367, 0.013921719044446945, -0.013077878393232822, 0.04803614690899849, 0.041718579828739166, 0.0149603933095932, -0.01036667637526989, -0.06175651401281357, -0.0339658297598362, -0.018040798604488373, 0.05582427233457565, -0.021336998790502548, 0.018349552527070045, 0.0619940422475338, 0.05547747388482094, -0.019232122227549553, 0.04106304422020912, -0.045148421078920364, -0.027321891859173775, 0.024544227868318558, -0.007595036644488573, 0.02600855380296707, -0.030017178505659103, -0.012359696440398693, 0.04072052985429764, 0.008899757638573647, -0.0020179084967821836, -0.005619354080408812, -0.04088924080133438, 0.06461697816848755, 0.04214197397232056, 0.024558747187256813, -0.010005051270127296, 0.009338559582829475, 0.03328298032283783, 0.003700707107782364, -0.02268078178167343, -0.026092035695910454, -0.059847600758075714, -0.017897866666316986, 0.021182622760534286, 0.05711342766880989, -0.06519757211208344, 0.01716000959277153, 0.06497706472873688, 0.06678041815757751, 0.02233024500310421, 0.04322527348995209, -0.03079746663570404, -0.014850622974336147, -0.0037106601521372795, 0.00313106388784945, 0.007336397655308247, 0.002625735243782401, 0.005140101071447134, 0.01473765354603529, 0.02664857916533947, 0.02909075655043125, -0.026673031970858574, 0.025461910292506218, 0.007642379961907864, 0.007236029487103224, -0.005719851702451706, -0.0499349907040596, 0.03114856779575348, -0.02221371792256832, 0.020560041069984436, 0.025884898379445076, -0.010342116467654705, 0.021358998492360115, 0.014534443616867065, 0.0142127750441432, 0.01904192939400673, 0.006693151313811541, -0.0465988852083683, 0.030958227813243866, 0.01794678531587124, -0.05827009677886963, 0.018922748044133186, -0.02509232796728611, -0.03003913350403309, -0.027931271120905876, 0.010476098395884037, 0.0466277152299881, -0.0048804557882249355, 0.014925302006304264, 0.007019542157649994, 0.01620398834347725, -0.02545655332505703, -0.029384421184659004, 0.029229355975985527, 0.011487353593111038, -0.04411425068974495, -0.016346212476491928, 0.00014298067253548652, -0.052506133913993835, 0.02380511723458767, 0.009436878375709057, 0.005487089976668358, 0.023629436269402504, -0.019880322739481926, -0.08228632807731628, -0.019969381392002106, -0.03000771254301071, 0.02846481464803219, -0.048706572502851486, -0.013389943167567253, 0.034753572195768356, 0.006876783445477486, -0.05355571582913399, -0.020054833963513374, -0.04852965846657753, -0.018393445760011673, -0.026949243620038033, -0.015801770612597466, 0.027960553765296936, -0.01600738987326622, 0.011019106023013592, 0.012089535593986511, -0.0035413040313869715, -0.016236916184425354, -0.053149815648794174, -0.0748811587691307, 0.04471856355667114, 0.01324319839477539, 0.0492868609726429, -0.0012888119090348482, -0.021980727091431618, 0.04434141889214516, 0.029486721381545067, -0.02517949789762497, -0.03723401576280594, 0.000712807581294328, 0.003241610014811158, -0.008526405319571495, 0.059776149690151215, 0.04419214278459549, 0.011489607393741608, 0.04504946991801262, 0.015246775932610035, 0.0073359012603759766, 0.0571712851524353, -0.04093252867460251, -0.005317782051861286, 0.02667359448969364, 0.034495145082473755, 0.010004209354519844, 0.0007033288711681962, 0.008475534617900848, -0.03352755308151245, 0.02959008328616619, 0.037050966173410416, 0.0021690335124731064, -0.006030390504747629, 0.006267626769840717, 0.019626906141638756, 0.004309135023504496, 0.013029762543737888, -0.02672833576798439, 0.01196519285440445, 0.02124747447669506, -0.011854460462927818, -0.03377660736441612, 0.029752090573310852, 0.016717810183763504, -0.017351871356368065, -0.010279973968863487, 0.0572713166475296, 0.02422363869845867, -0.015394617803394794, 0.017001353204250336, -0.018611203879117966, -0.028103318065404892, 0.028254149481654167, -0.04274832829833031, -0.0038916131015866995, 0.02963927760720253, 0.002027509268373251, 0.004465839359909296, 0.010922728106379509, -0.0428052693605423, 0.039060741662979126, -0.06665491312742233, -0.004017774015665054, -0.015355996787548065, 0.05507747456431389, -0.004831824917346239, 0.06350414454936981, 0.03362628445029259, -0.007068981416523457, 0.007042465265840292, 0.020305447280406952, -0.08205809444189072, 0.03914246708154678, -0.018119167536497116, 0.03206967934966087, 0.02612840011715889, -0.046118203550577164, 0.048361796885728836, -0.03526748716831207, 0.004262203816324472, -0.014857148751616478, 0.024065213277935982, -0.04245605692267418, -0.006238757167011499, -0.04583778232336044, -0.008410823531448841, 0.024837395176291466, 0.04897303134202957, -0.007369552738964558, -0.05525314807891846, 0.04220842942595482, 0.05268827825784683, -0.011657400988042355, 0.00964097585529089, 0.002649944042786956, 0.015231626108288765, 0.028418591246008873, 0.02534952200949192, -0.0084403520449996, 0.012669822201132774, -0.03569495677947998, -0.015124541707336903, -0.04147753119468689, 0.04068752005696297, 0.02172347903251648, -0.01688750833272934, 0.010210617445409298, 0.012677588500082493, 0.005217794794589281, -0.04169774800539017, 0.03390089049935341, -0.018175454810261726, 0.010714750736951828, 0.06069589778780937, 0.028262663632631302, -0.0696408674120903, 0.02798185870051384, 0.07988828420639038, 0.037927836179733276, -0.019879912957549095, -0.022084634751081467, -0.027088724076747894, -0.009645725600421429, 0.01552384253591299, 0.03566507622599602, 0.005823730491101742, -0.004614018369466066, -0.012813462875783443, 0.03398236259818077, -0.010851479135453701, -0.014766287989914417, -0.019220156595110893, 0.004269500728696585, 0.06290590018033981, -0.000614312244579196, -0.014589463360607624, -0.028498521074652672, 0.011995268985629082, 0.022445514798164368, 0.030798520892858505, 0.024100378155708313, -0.07855880260467529, 0.004215152468532324, 0.008201499469578266, 0.04422174021601677, -0.04058706387877464, 0.03595017269253731, -0.04565220698714256, -0.023384645581245422, 0.04745900258421898, -0.016517944633960724, 0.03065124712884426, -0.01480040792375803, -0.03763088211417198, -0.016210563480854034, 0.013993950560688972, -0.0654647946357727, 0.0076848710887134075, 0.005684272386133671, 0.04639338329434395, 0.004643261432647705, -0.021918540820479393, -0.06073341146111488, -0.0178034957498312, 0.027856389060616493, 0.07871676236391068, -0.0020148504991084337, 0.02028331719338894, 0.02720857970416546, 0.025081166997551918, -0.006380788516253233, -0.04100145772099495, 0.05737105756998062, 0.030351102352142334, -0.026948442682623863, 0.02268042601644993, -0.01528453454375267, 0.000500289723277092, 0.004629057366400957, -0.0020233571995049715, -0.00717128487303853, 0.021224211901426315, 0.025398459285497665, 0.08186814188957214, 0.023004932329058647, -0.0024320376105606556, 0.04820461943745613, 0.04039717838168144, -0.006038408260792494, -0.025522101670503616, -0.010639160871505737, 0.032638367265462875, -0.04261127486824989, -0.01880778931081295, -0.042706966400146484, 0.02232390269637108, -0.04738152399659157, 0.02527642250061035, -0.0035643887240439653, 0.042908087372779846, -0.001531786285340786, -0.005494227632880211, -0.030451949685811996, 0.0435614250600338, 0.001987001160159707, 0.0014074542559683323, -0.0023699006997048855, 0.03086869604885578, 0.010157509706914425, -0.04706956073641777, 0.021351266652345657, -0.022833162918686867, -0.004802266601473093, 0.01815471053123474, -0.057325150817632675, 0.013328294269740582, -0.04119846224784851, -0.03881290182471275, -0.02876836434006691, -0.015359972603619099, 0.040022991597652435, -0.009341232478618622, 0.026848170906305313, 0.012712396681308746, -0.047566741704940796, -0.013573301024734974, 0.04948945343494415, -0.001046374556608498, 0.033384911715984344, -0.041423723101615906, 0.005621772725135088, -0.004377007484436035, -0.004436864517629147, -0.06618496775627136, -0.07432916015386581, 0.023145876824855804, 0.009319606237113476, -0.0064414916560053825, -0.07079622149467468, 0.0257132388651371, -0.00039880056283436716, -0.004620371852070093, -0.03474585711956024, 0.04207377880811691, 0.028291163966059685, -0.024108728393912315, 0.006463421043008566, 0.017186924815177917, 0.03659546747803688, -0.039592526853084564, -0.009486687369644642, 0.017446499317884445, -0.01965191401541233, -0.025171324610710144, 0.008236907422542572, 0.01388052199035883, -0.030841635540127754, -0.0012410148046910763, -0.0417582243680954, 0.006508027669042349, 0.044698748737573624, -0.01099665742367506, -0.00711632426828146, -0.022585172206163406, -0.013135232962667942, -0.010108753107488155, -0.03374474495649338, -0.012264475226402283, -0.025980301201343536, 0.009731072932481766, -0.003856837283819914, 0.024938704445958138, -0.004351512528955936, -0.04358816146850586, 0.007459329906851053, 0.015117392875254154, -0.0016909841215237975, 0.005132217891514301, 0.047545745968818665, -0.0023969511967152357, -0.02157505601644516, -0.015778034925460815, -0.012685378082096577, 0.03348923102021217, 0.0047186873853206635, 0.017273444682359695, -0.0073379832319915295, 0.012005118653178215, -0.03838010132312775, -0.03431640937924385, -0.0043182047083973885, -0.0019036243902519345, 0.08075983077287674, -0.042886193841695786, 0.06944484263658524, 0.06568185985088348, 0.0067325131967663765, -0.016866333782672882, 0.006506389006972313, -0.01346022542566061, -0.0046953847631812096, -0.013225194066762924, 0.05374780669808388, -0.00934212189167738, -0.021045496687293053, 0.02320598065853119, 0.021474815905094147, 0.02728942409157753, 0.01596628874540329, 0.008733303286135197, 0.017024150118231773, 0.03625354915857315, -0.0384342260658741, -0.033595409244298935, 0.026107581332325935, -0.06186186149716377, -0.00823700986802578, -0.020329028367996216, -0.02307664230465889, 0.024346498772501945, 0.0022120950743556023, -0.013835830613970757, -0.04361404851078987, -0.058006566017866135, -0.05380163714289665, -0.003910531289875507, 0.0011273089330643415, -0.015396657399833202, 0.04631050303578377, -0.004647955764085054, 0.018404817208647728, -0.019744398072361946, 0.0017882643733173609, -0.02280915156006813, -0.05273071676492691, -0.0015403814613819122, -0.02015930972993374, -0.039809949696063995, 0.047283872961997986, 0.02278042770922184, -0.02618129551410675, 0.0013341563753783703, -0.010176069103181362, -0.007202625274658203, 0.021655460819602013, 0.035933297127485275, -0.02764991857111454, 0.09098543971776962, 0.03344520926475525, 0.03267451748251915, 0.008728206157684326, -0.03350638225674629, 0.08007866144180298, 0.06509280949831009, 0.03284589946269989, -0.0992787554860115, 0.026737065985798836, 0.015144197270274162, -0.009561342187225819, -0.040357135236263275, 0.03112596832215786, 0.009403066709637642, 0.00452102767303586, 0.04322328791022301, 0.038242340087890625, 0.03370552882552147, -0.01502233650535345, 0.05795739218592644, -0.022786177694797516, -0.02998543344438076, 0.0010290337959304452, 0.006548830308020115, -0.0004048470000270754, -0.014284281060099602, -0.05499005317687988, 0.004675190895795822, -0.01581326499581337, -0.027231937274336815, -0.03574978560209274, -0.02840735763311386, -0.005826016888022423, -0.0021277437917888165, -0.02101142890751362, 0.017291808500885963, 0.016036424785852432, 0.023317886516451836, -0.03463548421859741, 0.019297422841191292, 0.01774446666240692, 0.004076311364769936, 0.00506781879812479, 0.0031771468929946423, -0.0013593927724286914, 0.024490734562277794, 0.01737324148416519, -0.010248685255646706, -0.042134035378694534, -0.026624426245689392, -0.021700827404856682, 0.0211382694542408, -0.02787579968571663, -0.024295084178447723, -0.0024457755498588085, 0.009582731872797012, -0.030368950217962265, -0.03767068311572075, -0.031622644513845444, 0.05914008989930153, 0.036795735359191895, -0.011001578532159328, -0.008445680141448975, 0.002241146517917514, 0.039695680141448975, -0.011023548431694508, 0.0370921865105629, 0.02539093978703022, -0.005746602080762386, -0.01303408294916153, -0.052976977080106735, 0.07643932104110718, 0.03220014274120331, -0.016372349113225937, -0.011696705594658852, -0.02463727630674839, 0.0035713010001927614, -0.010085544548928738, 0.012409214861690998, 0.0026326379738748074, -0.008861632086336613, 0.009443413466215134, -0.015633849427103996, -0.021899664774537086, -0.008225489407777786, -0.005870537832379341, -0.043217916041612625, -0.010343063622713089, -0.05120517686009407, -0.026099618524312973, 0.05006270483136177, 0.037683844566345215, 0.020144911482930183, 0.0012741903774440289, 0.016522236168384552, 0.02662978135049343, 0.027028391137719154, -0.035831063985824585, -0.023345304653048515, -0.023756178095936775, -0.028678491711616516, -0.014903921633958817, -0.00446414714679122, 0.04796845465898514, 0.04818224534392357, 0.000809726188890636, 0.003775419667363167, 0.020215747877955437, -0.019829442724585533, 0.01607823371887207, 0.012318836525082588, -0.036747999489307404, -0.007354441098868847, 0.005608154460787773, -0.0171651728451252, -0.01717543788254261, -0.02403017319738865, -0.009889718145132065, 0.0024848259054124355, -0.0260009765625, 0.0077798147685825825, -0.0004669872869271785, -0.031178556382656097, -0.02094859816133976, 0.020357171073555946, -0.029544318094849586, -0.01140651386231184, -0.05373404547572136, 0.022791028022766113, -0.016939153894782066, 0.020331857725977898, -0.03414646536111832, 0.02333969436585903, -0.01593024469912052, 0.005250683054327965, 0.024454360827803612, 0.007018911186605692, 0.006439689546823502, -0.013399644754827023, -0.016286712139844894, -0.013816027902066708, 0.0619170218706131, -0.05221068486571312, -0.04742531105875969, 0.026277394965291023, -0.059135355055332184, -0.032628465443849564, 0.013498802669346333, -0.013236820697784424, 0.01807396113872528, 0.002070388291031122, -0.007263399660587311, -0.030139433220028877, 0.026850253343582153, -0.03702481836080551, -0.020954051986336708, -0.014006302691996098, 0.008215530775487423, -0.001285369275137782, 0.0034758702386170626, -0.012166357599198818, -0.02802865020930767, -0.025570223107933998, 0.025229955092072487, 0.04284757003188133, 0.0051503716967999935, 0.007197356782853603, 0.023374592885375023, 0.026456132531166077, 0.04847181215882301, -0.0022227130830287933, -0.020930448547005653, 0.04004881903529167, 0.06877943128347397, -0.04863720387220383, 0.028581133112311363, 0.031479015946388245, -0.004656239878386259, -0.08189862966537476, -0.00036538837593980134, 0.0195766668766737, -0.02800043858587742, 0.05409838259220123, -0.07310732454061508, -0.006255487911403179, 0.01833309233188629, -0.045590098947286606, 0.05916960909962654, -0.00013041432248428464, 0.005991488229483366, -0.014209454879164696, 0.01524305623024702, -0.04762151464819908, 0.02907775156199932, 0.04210515692830086, 0.04031066969037056, 0.025031113997101784, 0.011630645953118801, -0.017021454870700836, -0.00867273099720478, -0.03550468385219574, -0.0046797581017017365, 0.023277059197425842, -0.08165352046489716, 0.025295207276940346, -0.04175319895148277, -0.038217317312955856, 0.05207740515470505, -0.015213084407150745, 0.007079686038196087, 0.008389315567910671, 0.01906268671154976, -0.014875401742756367, 0.03643614426255226, -0.001106250798329711, -0.030441436916589737, 0.014027618803083897, -0.009839093312621117, 0.04331594705581665, 0.034409649670124054, -0.02085898257791996, -0.017139190807938576, 0.038281917572021484, 0.01471402682363987, -0.027326032519340515, 0.004197797272354364, -0.02772456966340542, -0.011320051737129688, 0.006321019493043423, 0.008281995542347431, 0.01076756976544857, -0.030037732794880867, 0.009465229697525501, -0.04021172970533371, -0.05860840529203415, 0.02020879089832306, 0.02365022711455822, -0.02220413275063038, 0.005530255846679211, 0.0012701719533652067, -0.022880403324961662, 0.0006792803760617971, 0.004001862835139036, 0.01016927044838667, -0.0802566409111023, -0.026609832420945168, -0.0076624546200037, -0.03149166703224182, -0.021219613030552864, -0.03578668087720871, -0.03881398215889931, 0.06118426099419594, -0.0139761408790946, 0.009819230996072292, 0.006783762015402317, -0.04310831055045128, -0.007540044374763966, -0.05696096271276474, 0.036580052226781845, 0.022137798368930817, -0.012465531006455421, -0.03485872596502304, -0.012729804962873459, -0.019001586362719536, 0.0007729670032858849, 0.04864509776234627, 0.021955128759145737, 0.03126935288310051, -0.017173081636428833, 0.0335063673555851, 0.04195130616426468, -0.032151930034160614, 0.03356266766786575, -0.014337806962430477, -0.026160018518567085, 0.006765482481569052, -0.020691486075520515, 0.02638847380876541, 0.00000267848304247309, -0.037617843598127365, -0.04097805544734001, 0.007221579551696777, 0.011916816234588623, 0.0007758707506582141, 0.013899602927267551, -0.026106564328074455, -0.014415400102734566, 0.030307253822684288, -0.001372542348690331, 0.012454844079911709, 0.018934378400444984, -0.003107907250523567, -0.06758014857769012, -0.001154848258011043, -0.053906042128801346, -0.04766729474067688, -0.011473527178168297, 0.045238200575113297, -0.020790208131074905, -0.05588466301560402, 0.01659117080271244, 0.02276911772787571, -0.0393354631960392, 0.005238444544374943, 0.03607388213276863, 0.02362939342856407, 0.030860871076583862, 0.026156190782785416, 0.040826741605997086, 0.0002928381145466119, -0.01654393970966339, 0.018915299326181412, 0.026176298037171364, 0.03998271003365517, 0.002766776131466031, 0.031173348426818848, 0.05364479497075081, 0.006332242861390114, 0.02490570768713951, -0.03289765119552612, 0.002234127139672637, 0.00970555655658245, -0.027496885508298874, 0.03164205327630043, -0.04526276886463165, 0.013589969836175442, -0.013250071555376053, -0.00725620798766613, 0.04041404277086258, -0.056920476257801056, 0.028108196333050728, -0.03253621235489845, -0.016288533806800842, -0.022249741479754448, -0.01788278855383396, -0.006766915787011385, 0.01952924020588398, -0.02804589457809925, 0.016973888501524925, 0.027955764904618263, -0.02153857983648777, 0.020512720569968224, 0.013406552374362946, 0.04167213290929794, -0.012937244027853012, -0.005662153009325266, -0.010344693437218666, -0.03951411321759224, -0.04497270658612251, -0.05329452082514763, 0.0065655759535729885, 0.036778103560209274, -0.0007938837516121566, 0.019801504909992218, -0.02876080758869648, -0.030114805325865746, 0.04792790114879608, -0.04911951720714569, -0.05033928155899048, -0.07345318049192429, 0.01190583873540163, -0.02143744006752968, -0.0027747247368097305 ]
<p>I draw following figure using the <code>DLNM</code> package in <strong>R</strong>.</p> <p>Datasheet a has variables <code>y</code> and <code>x1</code>. I assume that the continuous dependent variable <code>y</code> has gaussian distribution and that continuous independent variable <code>x1</code> has a relationship with <code>y</code> with a normal spline of $df=3$ (two knots).</p> <p>I used following <strong>R</strong> code</p> <pre><code>x1.bs &lt;- crossbasis(a$x1, lag=c(0,16), argvar=list(fun="ns", knots=c(55,75), int=FALSE, cen=48), arglag=list(fun="ns", df=3)) model &lt;- glm(y~x1.bs, data=a, family=gaussian()) pred.bs &lt;- crosspred(x1.bs, model, cumul=TRUE) plot(pred.bs, "contour", xlim=c(40,80), xlab="independent x", ylab="lag (weeks)", main="Contour graph") plot(pred.bs, "overall", ylab="Unit", lwd = 1.5, main = "Overall effect", ci.level = 0.95, ci.arg = list(density = 20, col = grey(0.7))) </code></pre> <p><strong>Question 1.</strong> How can I interpret following Contour Figure? <img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/TD1ct.png" alt="Countour"></p> <p>For example, <code>x1</code>=75 and <code>lag</code>=6 gives <code>0.04</code>. What does 0.04 means?</p> <p><strong>Question 2.</strong> How can I interpret following Overall Figure? <img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/dqEwK.png" alt="Overall"></p> <p>For example, <code>x1</code>=70 and <code>lag</code>=6 gives overall effect=0.4. What does overall effect 0.4 means?</p>
74,076
[ -0.010360117070376873, -0.02159547060728073, 0.00748341204598546, -0.014782882295548916, 0.028126465156674385, 0.01967877708375454, -0.046982042491436005, -0.014872697181999683, 0.012739187106490135, -0.03742320463061333, 0.03753840550780296, 0.043427444994449615, 0.025745220482349396, 0.0407959446310997, 0.019157545641064644, 0.030956953763961792, 0.014140005223453045, -0.036283597350120544, -0.011513730511069298, 0.024251680821180344, -0.007594690658152103, -0.011131891049444675, 0.020151246339082718, -0.019757308065891266, -0.010534029453992844, 0.060056690126657486, -0.008903858251869678, -0.03385555371642113, -0.002452450804412365, 0.07905959337949753, -0.03520074859261513, -0.037304095923900604, -0.005209254566580057, 0.019962014630436897, 0.01660631038248539, 0.02989909239113331, 0.005987122654914856, -0.026683250442147255, -0.005460764747112989, 0.02492458000779152, -0.0016507902182638645, -0.018421577289700508, -0.011325179599225521, 0.055283691734075546, -0.020203830674290657, 0.024256190285086632, 0.0251202043145895, -0.024751275777816772, 0.0988193154335022, -0.001045281533151865, 0.06611130386590958, -0.04959692806005478, 0.04180582985281944, 0.029421702027320862, 0.012071090750396252, -0.009573090821504593, 0.07397417724132538, -0.004429927561432123, -0.01465501356869936, -0.06226002424955368, -0.030307088047266006, -0.0021304457914084196, -0.0401056632399559, 0.01330939494073391, -0.011118215508759022, -0.031691212207078934, 0.0027056431863456964, -0.005258530378341675, 0.024426592513918877, -0.019668957218527794, -0.00026014208560809493, 0.011939183808863163, 0.0036582595203071833, -0.037707384675741196, 0.014377696439623833, -0.0228793453425169, -0.02486392669379711, -0.009099266491830349, 0.016234882175922394, 0.03999942168593407, -0.0006089573143981397, 0.021344352513551712, -0.030680755153298378, 0.015517088584601879, 0.02732459083199501, -0.0018163382774218917, 0.061794083565473557, -0.03356359899044037, 0.037548985332250595, 0.03510182350873947, -0.02570119872689247, 0.027289429679512978, 0.030737947672605515, 0.01177176646888256, -0.05022306740283966, 0.07323580980300903, 0.00806510355323553, 0.008767221122980118, -0.02638823166489601, 0.020439157262444496, -0.030608993023633957, -0.05289725214242935, 0.023631034418940544, 0.025325912982225418, -0.02867530845105648, 0.023614441975951195, -0.012447377666831017, 0.018126603215932846, -0.008484561927616596, -0.044144514948129654, -0.03659084066748619, 0.01184600405395031, 0.04226867854595184, -0.0021283540409058332, 0.019584432244300842, -0.021723929792642593, 0.027625136077404022, 0.03244519606232643, 0.022854521870613098, 0.03924988955259323, 0.07686994224786758, -0.00792649481445551, 0.02862512692809105, 0.004291027318686247, -0.06167438626289368, -0.014413777738809586, 0.041383296251297, 0.0014213711256161332, -0.024045510217547417, 0.056313496083021164, 0.005115133244544268, -0.004214367363601923, 0.020986558869481087, 0.001761921914294362, 0.011554315686225891, 0.02536238357424736, -0.07473356276750565, -0.06055527552962303, 0.05586414411664009, -0.012617615982890129, 0.05808473005890846, -0.038533587008714676, -0.04583575949072838, 0.01418213453143835, 0.04106144979596138, -0.025906501337885857, 0.020138680934906006, -0.02837138995528221, 0.008813612163066864, -0.03441424295306206, -0.021170511841773987, -0.02544385939836502, 0.015204960480332375, -0.04940208047628403, -0.02823733724653721, -0.08944854885339737, 0.005187044385820627, 0.01660081185400486, -0.026124218478798866, -0.019822746515274048, 0.025423523038625717, 0.00894810538738966, 0.007170155644416809, 0.000945588166359812, 0.0011598119745031, -0.03312975913286209, 0.045748572796583176, -0.021228568628430367, 0.029997097328305244, 0.05847201123833656, -0.03335360065102577, 0.011618606746196747, 0.007718443870544434, 0.0239344984292984, 0.009095374494791031, -0.0019213322084397078, -0.009417622350156307, -0.005179342348128557, -0.012265716679394245, 0.02348344400525093, -0.04741552472114563, -0.008033866994082928, -0.03202470391988754, 0.004663766361773014, 0.04266474395990372, 0.029924744740128517, -0.021048612892627716, -0.023460110649466515, 0.04682525619864464, -0.04620099812746048, -0.07699143141508102, -0.04292456433176994, 0.006082046777009964, -0.001393115147948265, -0.042722783982753754, 0.0028790601063519716, 0.018050188198685646, 0.032708436250686646, 0.014181702397763729, -0.010717571713030338, -0.05862179026007652, -0.0006113182753324509, 0.03815177083015442, -0.02259865775704384, 0.0025111327413469553, 0.02837105095386505, 0.015799041837453842, -0.011860201135277748, 0.027895964682102203, -0.03890327364206314, -0.006617033388465643, 0.012908190488815308, -0.022814208641648293, 0.015878135338425636, -0.026648616418242455, -0.02558951824903488, -0.008489669300615788, 0.016763731837272644, -0.03738538548350334, 0.07344935089349747, -0.06513319164514542, 0.018932363018393517, 0.0868772491812706, -0.0012259457726031542, -0.00021300508524291217, 0.00300537864677608, 0.0009331721230410039, 0.06758792698383331, -0.016435880213975906, -0.007935830391943455, -0.05460382252931595, -0.038488466292619705, 0.024294791743159294, 0.027056576684117317, 0.006888416595757008, -0.02859479933977127, 0.04861888289451599, 0.0014660432934761047, 0.0034589243587106466, 0.036344580352306366, 0.004468648228794336, 0.0011124479351565242, -0.002818124135956168, 0.01856103166937828, 0.02302452176809311, 0.007665091659873724, 0.012139061465859413, 0.02308208867907524, 0.04833480715751648, -0.018059151247143745, 0.021145997568964958, 0.08331847190856934, -0.02825528383255005, 0.010411771014332771, -0.01897544041275978, 0.02674678899347782, 0.05251535028219223, -0.011000062339007854, 0.006590303499251604, 0.04297655075788498, 0.0019697274547070265, -0.01724352315068245, -0.0011113403597846627, -0.0056543839164078236, 0.005557970609515905, 0.01923498325049877, -0.04079899191856384, -0.03445626050233841, 0.01802959106862545, -0.021401023492217064, 0.028734756633639336, -0.020358674228191376, -0.04802829399704933, -0.035876695066690445, 0.016077842563390732, 0.004050431307405233, 0.03141731023788452, 0.03421385958790779, -0.027570685371756554, -0.050091084092855453, 0.026417752727866173, -0.0002677656593732536, 0.05185801163315773, 0.0005096904933452606, -0.046392668038606644, -0.027109740301966667, -0.01859104260802269, 0.029018448665738106, 0.0515141598880291, -0.01945984736084938, -0.05756687745451927, 0.033337563276290894, -0.009780019521713257, -0.0457976758480072, -0.058578744530677795, -0.014456880278885365, 0.04321938380599022, -0.015961594879627228, -0.034698422998189926, 0.03748134523630142, -0.0012932847021147609, -0.03470314294099808, 0.009109440259635448, -0.0495692603290081, 0.0438862182199955, 0.00658847251906991, -0.006086908280849457, 0.01913416013121605, 0.039680998772382736, 0.02989773266017437, -0.011898621916770935, -0.03300149366259575, 0.0012113660341128707, -0.05693750083446503, -0.048563361167907715, 0.03057866543531418, 0.003233083290979266, -0.00277309725061059, -0.02906903624534607, -0.000008796521797194146, 0.08184345066547394, 0.023424915969371796, -0.024499399587512016, -0.046161625534296036, -0.018339311704039574, -0.03564711660146713, -0.036967795342206955, 0.038662295788526535, 0.047869130969047546, 0.033512648195028305, 0.006232027895748615, 0.012407098896801472, 0.0466938242316246, 0.03393217548727989, -0.0295102596282959, 0.011966869235038757, 0.03459842503070831, -0.041976846754550934, -0.008154436014592648, 0.04703785106539726, 0.02803194150328636, -0.00804086122661829, 0.028515737503767014, -0.011927515268325806, 0.0029524643905460835, 0.01640435867011547, -0.012575659900903702, 0.023377271369099617, 0.008632955141365528, 0.026241905987262726, -0.049577828496694565, 0.033308301120996475, 0.028315696865320206, -0.038148920983076096, -0.021831920370459557, -0.01047760434448719, 0.0611734613776207, -0.030361127108335495, -0.028997352346777916, 0.03028307855129242, 0.020029518753290176, -0.003051681909710169, 0.025142529979348183, -0.009550640359520912, -0.03464360907673836, -0.004169970750808716, -0.06556937843561172, -0.0071021802723407745, 0.01972009800374508, 0.045759446918964386, 0.003818926867097616, 0.001360581023618579, -0.025075338780879974, 0.013602043502032757, -0.05570652708411217, -0.020207718014717102, -0.009953473694622517, 0.013835758902132511, 0.029131541028618813, 0.08096291869878769, 0.008544829674065113, -0.0222439207136631, 0.03767764940857887, -0.015285706147551537, -0.047093991190195084, 0.0425492525100708, 0.0033364687114953995, 0.02468361333012581, 0.010160200297832489, -0.0395812951028347, 0.07199152559041977, 0.009494664147496223, 0.006854706443846226, 0.013464503921568394, 0.01759207807481289, -0.05284813418984413, 0.0046453592367470264, -0.0105691934004426, -0.01578584685921669, -0.03954334929585457, 0.009894667193293571, 0.022838493809103966, -0.02517130598425865, 0.018101602792739868, 0.007096548564732075, -0.009099720977246761, -0.014111802913248539, -0.022668153047561646, -0.027317628264427185, 0.026150353252887726, 0.0367177352309227, 0.02083190344274044, 0.031838271766901016, -0.00928494893014431, 0.02845100872218609, 0.016057372093200684, 0.03465965390205383, 0.05695941299200058, -0.03799228370189667, -0.0026106471195816994, -0.039987243711948395, -0.007050455082207918, 0.0037127917166799307, 0.014264967292547226, 0.0074226432479918, -0.005161044653505087, 0.03622129186987877, -0.00833175890147686, -0.03512031212449074, 0.028213202953338623, 0.021439913660287857, 0.037779320031404495, -0.022722892463207245, -0.02896890416741371, 0.00019190616148989648, -0.03445523604750633, 0.0058243172243237495, 0.015534085221588612, -0.005146874114871025, 0.009374918416142464, 0.01217663288116455, 0.028211019933223724, 0.014304443262517452, -0.012312568724155426, -0.026616521179676056, 0.022004371508955956, 0.023394783958792686, 0.00361231598071754, -0.052393361926078796, 0.008972017094492912, 0.027490414679050446, 0.012561957351863384, -0.0008398271747864783, -0.015490434132516384, -0.09532497823238373, -0.020504126325249672, 0.04378030076622963, 0.023493656888604164, -0.01969640888273716, -0.033367641270160675, -0.04927154257893562, 0.012426708824932575, 0.02032301016151905, -0.025136416777968407, 0.021459564566612244, -0.023920472711324692, 0.02133863978087902, -0.046191297471523285, -0.012947836890816689, -0.04903967306017876, 0.013097085058689117, -0.027147527784109116, 0.023079875856637955, -0.04858468100428581, -0.035316068679094315, -0.021339500322937965, 0.0023372017312794924, 0.0044949110597372055, 0.026246849447488785, -0.04622151702642441, -0.04428699612617493, 0.018608108162879944, 0.056377485394477844, 0.027564745396375656, -0.03042708709836006, 0.035035017877817154, 0.004115995019674301, 0.02322934940457344, 0.06335853785276413, 0.031611599028110504, 0.0023255792912095785, -0.03365565091371536, 0.033591609448194504, -0.005837726406753063, 0.024397671222686768, -0.015468631871044636, 0.06586095690727234, 0.01666170172393322, -0.0233257208019495, 0.015505123883485794, 0.007957891561090946, -0.00004217956302454695, -0.017761778086423874, -0.06471272557973862, 0.03353162109851837, -0.003963958006352186, -0.0059499917551875114, -0.08404040336608887, -0.02683466672897339, -0.05242800712585449, -0.005207501817494631, -0.029005909338593483, 0.014382025226950645, -0.02600172907114029, -0.014147428795695305, 0.035187892615795135, 0.03754812479019165, 0.0006797121604904532, 0.0035443648230284452, -0.017090003937482834, -0.020153163000941277, 0.0053871143609285355, -0.018118903040885925, 0.026689425110816956, -0.04465186595916748, -0.00033901113783940673, 0.0022149363067001104, -0.047655947506427765, 0.011257837526500225, 0.016500774770975113, -0.0232927855104208, 0.0309895072132349, -0.05782407894730568, -0.03158588707447052, 0.021645136177539825, 0.05364912375807762, -0.0123734837397933, -0.0383591502904892, -0.01803319714963436, 0.020092491060495377, -0.013218582607805729, 0.007591521833091974, -0.005094348918646574, 0.021442444995045662, -0.024736499413847923, -0.013942199759185314, -0.029263896867632866, -0.069882832467556, 0.03873139247298241, -0.0172747615724802, 0.002867134055122733, -0.009848479181528091, 0.0019985381513834, 0.0012393840588629246, -0.004406007006764412, 0.0036535393446683884, 0.02836783602833748, -0.047512296587228775, -0.00864190049469471, 0.001984335482120514, 0.01458535436540842, 0.053958434611558914, 0.032386332750320435, 0.01934822089970112, 0.0177338644862175, 0.013924731872975826, -0.04236692190170288, 0.005024358164519072, -0.02036900818347931, -0.010543790645897388, 0.0014850551960989833, 0.003242728067561984, 0.0051240683533251286, 0.04858933389186859, -0.007403749506920576, -0.042326558381319046, -0.02259761467576027, 0.021534809842705727, 0.011471479199826717, -0.018910598009824753, -0.018214130774140358, -0.004967575892806053, 0.012872067280113697, -0.0493549220263958, -0.01941728964447975, -0.030934792011976242, -0.041857510805130005, 0.02216259017586708, -0.004717499017715454, -0.03500059247016907, 0.04546206071972847, 0.08276520669460297, 0.01392367109656334, 0.011203226633369923, -0.01051347516477108, -0.0002975088427774608, 0.014670884236693382, 0.04029589891433716, 0.020432554185390472, -0.008368444629013538, 0.014142468571662903, -0.020546188578009605, 0.01720353029668331, -0.044646669179201126, 0.01452622376382351, 0.05737795680761337, -0.011815229430794716, 0.06075424328446388, 0.05084504932165146, -0.015340431593358517, -0.032742392271757126, 0.0038250917568802834, -0.004397184122353792, -0.01725959964096546, 0.014327004551887512, 0.03993963077664375, -0.05491848662495613, -0.03605935722589493, 0.020029693841934204, -0.006076670717447996, 0.020774565637111664, 0.027386559173464775, -0.016880793496966362, -0.004975000862032175, -0.00006920439773239195, -0.013401015661656857, -0.03034432977437973, 0.07032396644353867, 0.011655799113214016, 0.022580625489354134, -0.03263406455516815, -0.013055063784122467, 0.03379109129309654, 0.06423751264810562, -0.04071083664894104, -0.03765496239066124, -0.03089057467877865, -0.01567707024514675, -0.008202924393117428, 0.023774348199367523, -0.054347917437553406, 0.018412096425890923, -0.023513568565249443, -0.022522075101733208, -0.029968082904815674, 0.05396180599927902, -0.06240174546837807, -0.04169522225856781, -0.002429994521662593, -0.0314805768430233, -0.03604350984096527, 0.05535363033413887, -0.035703420639038086, -0.03461300581693649, 0.0006874803802929819, -0.05061277002096176, 0.010160546749830246, 0.014414738863706589, 0.0005500836996361613, 0.007528883405029774, 0.08866986632347107, -0.012134354561567307, 0.03693026676774025, -0.0353301540017128, -0.004563744179904461, 0.14129701256752014, 0.026864077895879745, 0.01476015243679285, -0.06858715415000916, -0.0005220898892730474, 0.015922578051686287, 0.029028886929154396, -0.02617352083325386, -0.008161491714417934, 0.03814925625920296, -0.027537429705262184, 0.043068598955869675, 0.041006382554769516, 0.05321849137544632, 0.007960380986332893, 0.04687080532312393, -0.01759355701506138, -0.011778229847550392, -0.031186075881123543, 0.00479748984798789, -0.019188685342669487, -0.01679750718176365, -0.048996031284332275, -0.028517546132206917, 0.004785277880728245, -0.007160255219787359, -0.03491772711277008, -0.0033264076337218285, 0.015291391871869564, -0.0014138278784230351, -0.027084460482001305, 0.015378604643046856, 0.007646716665476561, -0.0020685826893895864, -0.005494862794876099, -0.007754236925393343, 0.049817249178886414, -0.026990724727511406, 0.02703094109892845, 0.02311326190829277, -0.014531833119690418, 0.0184953510761261, -0.016853831708431244, 0.010530715808272362, -0.028667444363236427, -0.014038699679076672, -0.01001441664993763, 0.0044163186103105545, 0.02208542264997959, -0.023717990145087242, -0.05009455978870392, 0.0269539263099432, 0.016967585310339928, -0.027390411123633385, -0.005565063562244177, 0.011825768277049065, -0.00008037048246478662, -0.020053258165717125, -0.04209190234541893, -0.036212388426065445, -0.014558788388967514, 0.016193252056837082, 0.01674237661063671, 0.060351695865392685, -0.040852684527635574, 0.02081896737217903, -0.0436265729367733, 0.07315215468406677, -0.010328073054552078, -0.005855371244251728, 0.015307433903217316, 0.0323585607111454, -0.015419275499880314, -0.01413701195269823, -0.015413255430758, 0.020916221663355827, 0.009726200252771378, -0.009107843041419983, -0.012849779799580574, -0.01557755097746849, 0.0027415091171860695, 0.04453915357589722, -0.018947182223200798, -0.0018368978053331375, 0.00035464190295897424, 0.0022769554052501917, 0.02847358025610447, 0.03206583485007286, 0.029830753803253174, -0.0031567837577313185, 0.01737334206700325, 0.060427919030189514, 0.013994961977005005, -0.04089975729584694, -0.02986803837120533, 0.030715694651007652, -0.043344806879758835, -0.00623792689293623, -0.0032362642232328653, 0.08031594753265381, 0.02088720165193081, 0.029448162764310837, -0.03784787654876709, 0.05442323535680771, -0.00506612379103899, -0.02924622967839241, -0.01308107003569603, -0.08824258297681808, 0.055647265166044235, 0.01338467188179493, -0.021486420184373856, -0.021503709256649017, 0.015220188535749912, 0.00172423233743757, -0.054253965616226196, 0.004530096426606178, 0.003704305272549391, -0.01801704242825508, -0.008059247396886349, 0.03599261865019798, -0.0035641957074403763, 0.012517593801021576, -0.0010637770174071193, -0.035192474722862244, -0.024294517934322357, -0.018412288278341293, -0.03703794255852699, 0.007579350844025612, 0.03267105668783188, -0.0027137610595673323, 0.003514842363074422, 0.020054398104548454, 0.014444601722061634, 0.035340845584869385, 0.00508249131962657, -0.007923342287540436, 0.002481283852830529, 0.03668718785047531, 0.030743947252631187, -0.019796574488282204, 0.026257576420903206, -0.008633180521428585, -0.0042584361508488655, -0.024581415578722954, 0.004409791436046362, 0.03648088499903679, -0.020251348614692688, -0.0026632840745151043, -0.04482797160744667, 0.042488645762205124, 0.010250594466924667, 0.02374556101858616, -0.017934901639819145, -0.02188611589372158, -0.0028016222640872, -0.03778107836842537, -0.040775176137685776, 0.02970782294869423, 0.021913034841418266, -0.010097331367433071, 0.024010291323065758, -0.02409067377448082, -0.025444744154810905, 0.011714610271155834, -0.02272145450115204, -0.015506346710026264, -0.028776779770851135, -0.010003039613366127, 0.06700626015663147, 0.026853393763303757, 0.006394399330019951, -0.0021002183202654123, -0.008428409695625305, 0.01879061572253704, -0.0908440425992012, -0.025258252397179604, 0.0049446565099060535, 0.03761034086346626, 0.04082581028342247, -0.0280915480107069, -0.014475250616669655, 0.022049175575375557, -0.04285284876823425, 0.028735598549246788, -0.012646415270864964, 0.019346579909324646, -0.05185730755329132, 0.0046382746659219265, -0.016839541494846344, 0.02229560725390911, 0.05800391733646393, 0.03324224799871445, 0.055294640362262726, 0.05337918922305107, 0.0217403843998909, -0.022178437560796738, -0.024160856381058693, -0.018977699801325798, 0.027705924585461617, -0.039594583213329315, 0.019348924979567528, -0.02009379304945469, 0.016949018463492393, 0.03209536895155907, -0.01407713908702135, 0.01749151386320591, 0.021990813314914703, 0.03493369370698929, 0.037233006209135056, 0.019373971968889236, 0.0096665034070611, 0.014494922943413258, -0.013805829919874668, -0.011508804745972157, 0.056778792291879654, 0.008507336489856243, -0.029368234798312187, 0.0182995293289423, -0.0028842026367783546, -0.014415404759347439, -0.017981242388486862, 0.019796311855316162, -0.00950158853083849, -0.006447094026952982, 0.006005779840052128, -0.007270928006619215, 0.012666190043091774, -0.053923480212688446, -0.005179652478545904, -0.039727356284856796, 0.027156613767147064, 0.042743802070617676, 0.020217567682266235, -0.01749388687312603, -0.016122639179229736, -0.02114786207675934, -0.05284261703491211, 0.012201573699712753, -0.031125901266932487, 0.008244906552135944, -0.05253976956009865, -0.0007757120183669031, -0.038924168795347214, 0.0011035969946533442, -0.004260863643139601, 0.03965923190116882, -0.04031209275126457, 0.05839311331510544, -0.0055523831397295, -0.02351200021803379, -0.0011976914247497916, -0.032576125115156174, 0.010608229786157608, -0.06987209618091583, 0.0681665763258934, -0.005570568144321442, -0.03503796085715294, -0.0692448616027832, -0.018712004646658897, -0.005670800805091858, 0.055794306099414825, 0.024479921907186508, 0.01726418547332287, 0.0431341715157032, 0.00013401577598415315, 0.06368529051542282, -0.03622093051671982, -0.04395980387926102, 0.055187977850437164, 0.037763576954603195, 0.0033451560884714127, -0.023905189707875252, 0.015310374088585377, -0.021082011982798576, 0.045622311532497406, 0.019346144050359726, 0.03411783650517464, 0.02081853710114956, -0.0015315613709390163, -0.05591032654047012, 0.01693865656852722, 0.019278544932603836, -0.0335584431886673, 0.04124198853969574, 0.00352617260068655, -0.007095722481608391, 0.044905561953783035, -0.03701809421181679, -0.03226767107844353, 0.0010292879305779934, -0.05927867814898491, -0.005717399995774031, 0.012602291069924831, -0.0038801762275397778, 0.03508198633790016, -0.06121087819337845, 0.011267967522144318, 0.01150560937821865, -0.043525341898202896, -0.0014379729982465506, 0.031398069113492966, 0.0227009616792202, 0.031649231910705566, -0.045863375067710876, 0.0034774299710989, -0.014018550515174866, -0.019890425726771355, 0.05615200474858284, 0.012008112855255604, 0.03373747318983078, -0.012836232781410217, -0.024897076189517975, 0.006797466427087784, -0.014115266501903534, 0.025919927284121513, -0.014238948002457619, 0.0373329222202301, 0.012036873959004879, -0.019230956211686134, 0.03160839527845383, -0.001824108650907874, 0.004742222372442484, 0.010286790318787098, 0.01025036908686161, 0.009965484961867332, -0.06994801759719849, 0.017771020531654358, 0.014029094018042088, -0.00979709904640913, -0.04880974069237709, 0.0211603045463562, 0.039513859897851944, 0.013398546725511551, 0.032817989587783813, 0.030547866597771645, 0.03311387822031975, -0.011682900600135326, 0.000267492956481874, 0.01129936147481203, 0.009439472109079361, -0.018953220918774605, -0.013896544463932514, 0.056062374264001846, -0.005372602492570877, 0.009792239405214787, -0.02126193419098854, 0.06312759965658188, 0.009690191596746445, -0.031977277249097824, -0.0550900399684906, -0.023103000596165657, -0.005330986808985472, 0.05244631692767143, -0.07104743272066116, -0.026359183713793755, -0.014269995503127575, 0.048085182905197144, 0.008557885885238647, -0.0441330187022686 ]
<p>I have a sample of about 1000 values​​. These data are obtained from the product of two independent random variables $\xi \ast \psi $. The first random variable has a uniform distribution $\xi \sim U(0,1)$. The distribution of the second random variable is not known. How can I estimate the distribution of the second ($ \psi $) random variable?</p>
74,077
[ -0.0120239844545722, -0.020688196644186974, 0.014416277408599854, -0.000136909366119653, 0.011689284816384315, -0.0185936838388443, -0.03021536022424698, -0.01023563276976347, 0.012804599478840828, -0.03847092017531395, 0.07560978084802628, 0.043771252036094666, 0.05173598602414131, 0.028265532106161118, 0.030502142384648323, 0.016254335641860962, -0.02785673178732395, 0.03188072144985199, 0.0022297976538538933, -0.01991911418735981, 0.01951460726559162, -0.0017319238977506757, 0.020853644236922264, 0.0006575410370714962, -0.026613513007760048, 0.0656636580824852, -0.0054951743222773075, -0.03143888711929321, 0.01746799424290657, 0.0807749554514885, -0.042281605303287506, -0.04629126936197281, 0.015451284125447273, 0.06130614131689072, 0.025764595717191696, -0.023044759407639503, -0.06776073575019836, -0.041908930987119675, -0.022346142679452896, 0.01989172399044037, -0.056613024324178696, -0.013503449968993664, 0.0005684461211785674, 0.036379918456077576, 0.006754832807928324, -0.010396033525466919, 0.005235292483121157, -0.06875970959663391, 0.010513166896998882, -0.024887992069125175, 0.08218943327665329, 0.022376537322998047, 0.03769873082637787, 0.0022444077767431736, -0.021798092871904373, -0.01276920735836029, 0.05390743911266327, 0.09227882325649261, 0.007212047465145588, -0.05078224837779999, 0.0035149354953318834, -0.03181011974811554, -0.049575820565223694, -0.030249251052737236, -0.05235268548130989, 0.015945250168442726, -0.06254773586988449, -0.047846000641584396, -0.01307558361440897, -0.01695745810866356, 0.06832567602396011, 0.0366567000746727, 0.04161664843559265, -0.022217825055122375, 0.015184317715466022, -0.0166527908295393, 0.010945006273686886, 0.017556995153427124, 0.05855656415224075, 0.021410729736089706, 0.01957104168832302, 0.022886477410793304, 0.03530815616250038, 0.018394891172647476, 0.012943090870976448, -0.02496154233813286, 0.10419481992721558, -0.007719038054347038, 0.019519628956913948, 0.02694610133767128, -0.01770778000354767, -0.0235749501734972, 0.040104277431964874, 0.02468748390674591, -0.036434024572372437, 0.030191997066140175, -0.0349896140396595, 0.05476509407162666, 0.020161505788564682, -0.030304783955216408, 0.010919647291302681, -0.020335104316473007, 0.03962337598204613, 0.0637725368142128, -0.007464657071977854, -0.015002405270934105, -0.014769784174859524, 0.009658199734985828, -0.018718089908361435, -0.02263539284467697, -0.004632812459021807, 0.03943395987153053, -0.0003302228287793696, 0.003860033582895994, 0.041763875633478165, 0.032028425484895706, -0.017445804551243782, -0.020715605467557907, 0.04065829887986183, 0.06020650267601013, 0.05593103542923927, -0.02196899801492691, 0.006940151564776897, -0.013758421875536442, -0.023187605664134026, 0.03198310360312462, 0.027886083349585533, -0.0031138763297349215, -0.07979677617549896, 0.06275598704814911, -0.011807258240878582, 0.011015954427421093, 0.03639289364218712, 0.015488832257688046, 0.004965930245816708, 0.004595033824443817, -0.09858790040016174, -0.04629179835319519, 0.0030149149242788553, -0.030679212883114815, 0.004589432384818792, -0.060093168169260025, 0.037224020808935165, 0.05893252417445183, 0.05535413324832916, 0.006133738439530134, 0.05852774530649185, -0.008231326937675476, 0.04592812806367874, 0.0276340264827013, -0.005669170059263706, -0.034296177327632904, -0.015954885631799698, -0.028325403109192848, 0.056972358375787735, -0.06486974656581879, 0.005812373012304306, 0.002651072572916746, -0.047476593405008316, -0.04028642922639847, 0.028883516788482666, 0.02248375490307808, -0.00975421816110611, -0.029211856424808502, 0.006800825707614422, -0.05096690356731415, 0.09828708320856094, 0.0018107295036315918, 0.02105584554374218, 0.019574476405978203, -0.04089561849832535, 0.018032101914286613, 0.020303433761000633, 0.028956657275557518, 0.02977883629500866, -0.0035460456274449825, -0.012345516122877598, 0.004584840498864651, 0.023591868579387665, 0.019383622333407402, 0.0002713398716878146, -0.020086610689759254, -0.0026459444779902697, -0.0054889945313334465, 0.02263769507408142, 0.008197537623345852, 0.02357121743261814, -0.045006316155195236, 0.008800809271633625, -0.059345606714487076, -0.03486916422843933, -0.04215182363986969, 0.016600845381617546, 0.03334445133805275, -0.027636364102363586, 0.04189625754952431, 0.004863147158175707, 0.010045042261481285, 0.016265343874692917, -0.050859853625297546, -0.025876132771372795, -0.00563144451007247, 0.02801458165049553, -0.04395421966910362, -0.008334836922585964, 0.07625184953212738, 0.04088360816240311, -0.008983800187706947, 0.06989891082048416, -0.016516096889972687, -0.05966900661587715, -0.005257403012365103, -0.030094973742961884, 0.01979140006005764, -0.03360547497868538, -0.001737424056045711, 0.019215978682041168, -0.013234889134764671, -0.0009797378443181515, 0.011189754121005535, -0.020710676908493042, 0.04632744565606117, 0.04474582523107529, 0.019010234624147415, -0.026300808414816856, 0.008623369969427586, 0.028220733627676964, -0.012268352322280407, 0.0031424101907759905, -0.031483110040426254, -0.05693035200238228, 0.05047588422894478, 0.05025734007358551, 0.006568805780261755, -0.028531033545732498, 0.006738056428730488, 0.026250414550304413, 0.02556091733276844, 0.04347427934408188, 0.003942455165088177, 0.002358699683099985, -0.02342762053012848, 0.021121615543961525, 0.01020282506942749, 0.014070441946387291, 0.004036629106849432, 0.004345448222011328, 0.02120581828057766, 0.020904429256916046, -0.0008436907082796097, -0.014569367282092571, 0.031902015209198, -0.032799433916807175, 0.001974934944882989, -0.03600235655903816, 0.0013641812838613987, 0.038504570722579956, -0.012554377317428589, -0.008773334324359894, 0.019004933536052704, 0.007685213349759579, -0.011979429051280022, 0.017191842198371887, -0.031542979180812836, 0.04136848822236061, 0.028037281706929207, -0.040983203798532486, -0.0016251455526798964, 0.019226163625717163, -0.06569290161132812, 0.0031331328209489584, -0.00410764804109931, -0.016296498477458954, -0.010066238231956959, 0.01050393097102642, 0.010337471961975098, 0.04440530017018318, -0.008170302025973797, -0.015853656455874443, -0.04753359407186508, 0.03339523822069168, -0.02578411065042019, -0.007691558916121721, -0.0011605073232203722, -0.05241045355796814, 0.031642187386751175, -0.013328035362064838, -0.024748072028160095, 0.016035066917538643, 0.009274223819375038, -0.0030156406573951244, 0.013750245794653893, -0.03862074762582779, -0.059055134654045105, -0.004991348832845688, -0.05199181288480759, 0.02857637032866478, -0.045144498348236084, -0.026239901781082153, 0.008138319477438927, 0.019045952707529068, -0.02385578863322735, 0.016363048925995827, -0.04969773441553116, -0.007864100858569145, -0.03851547837257385, 0.018745964393019676, 0.007175426464527845, -0.013971371576189995, 0.0321437232196331, 0.00926892552524805, 0.030470484867691994, -0.00869150273501873, -0.05782673880457878, -0.05218418315052986, 0.0029974926728755236, 0.028152884915471077, 0.00791157502681017, 0.011221750639379025, -0.03407704830169678, 0.07781978696584702, 0.014318323694169521, -0.03853048011660576, 0.0011955663794651628, 0.0014838019851595163, 0.004849259741604328, -0.006387446541339159, 0.015753380954265594, -0.0073844981379806995, -0.024364005774259567, 0.02546093612909317, -0.012015534564852715, 0.015084300190210342, 0.03246559202671051, 0.017475083470344543, -0.0010081323562189937, 0.030760150402784348, 0.013187018223106861, -0.0009379109251312912, 0.029180927202105522, -0.009333851747214794, -0.0014804735546931624, 0.012963980436325073, 0.013612525537610054, 0.011116720736026764, 0.00611982261762023, -0.013205570168793201, 0.007385408040136099, -0.015339413657784462, 0.010048683732748032, -0.017602283507585526, 0.04843391478061676, -0.0013377417344599962, -0.036670759320259094, -0.009888776578009129, 0.021562809124588966, 0.0412198081612587, -0.031562622636556625, 0.013190599158406258, 0.03614119067788124, 0.018590418621897697, -0.015259495936334133, -0.009026529267430305, -0.0399201475083828, 0.000049943660997087136, 0.019589519128203392, -0.039109647274017334, -0.03194038197398186, 0.01808803528547287, 0.06859947741031647, 0.028058476746082306, -0.022753490135073662, -0.039486050605773926, -0.007186207454651594, -0.041086647659540176, -0.0008719947072677314, 0.0008796111214905977, 0.06378225982189178, 0.016714921221137047, 0.04497646167874336, 0.02520717866718769, -0.01901063323020935, 0.0024889230262488127, 0.009813223034143448, -0.04468642920255661, 0.026719659566879272, -0.001711360877379775, -0.0032442694064229727, -0.02243427187204361, -0.022353993728756905, 0.019745223224163055, -0.016896147280931473, 0.014036600477993488, -0.013589329086244106, -0.006803079042583704, -0.02902250923216343, 0.015096212737262249, -0.019726747646927834, -0.021748922765254974, -0.027615036815404892, 0.03535309433937073, -0.024740416556596756, -0.01645534671843052, 0.039185523986816406, 0.014275014400482178, 0.0024278967175632715, -0.005501917097717524, -0.02655612677335739, 0.0040052505210042, -0.009486475959420204, 0.021850265562534332, -0.002820173744112253, 0.010048359632492065, -0.027759481221437454, 0.020931946113705635, -0.016787182539701462, 0.0803317278623581, 0.039904557168483734, -0.017173288390040398, 0.000516185536980629, -0.030193477869033813, -0.04170247167348862, -0.004637916572391987, 0.05352098494768143, -0.012530540116131306, 0.008128976449370384, 0.0587858110666275, 0.020291313529014587, -0.04923965409398079, 0.019005494192242622, 0.07887927442789078, 0.002056034281849861, 0.015843337401747704, 0.005146396812051535, 0.013251335360109806, -0.010442167520523071, -0.018070697784423828, 0.013988694176077843, 0.002226851647719741, -0.00970170833170414, -0.03481180965900421, 0.004682416561990976, 0.01643424481153488, -0.03886580467224121, -0.013297779485583305, 0.009243623353540897, 0.03334084525704384, 0.014140205457806587, -0.08043354004621506, 0.020314013585448265, 0.06356198340654373, 0.012184792198240757, 0.002159982454031706, 0.00868521723896265, -0.06874456256628036, 0.01206500269472599, 0.03078952431678772, 0.018050312995910645, -0.05019248276948929, 0.011472775600850582, -0.050851546227931976, -0.01897714100778103, 0.01596844382584095, -0.02781388722360134, 0.016214001923799515, 0.013500981964170933, 0.01449874509125948, 0.03507036715745926, -0.008234355598688126, -0.047112882137298584, 0.0016626367578282952, -0.027302119880914688, 0.019184472039341927, -0.03226626291871071, -0.004231164697557688, -0.06137252226471901, 0.051375411450862885, 0.01846197620034218, 0.06903195381164551, 0.004819559399038553, -0.0012017792323604226, -0.007370497565716505, 0.05179479718208313, -0.0036057340912520885, -0.038647715002298355, 0.052771665155887604, -0.02792273461818695, -0.02042698860168457, 0.0571683794260025, -0.022066747769713402, -0.048239558935165405, 0.02498946152627468, -0.01484682410955429, -0.003644583746790886, -0.012393488548696041, 0.024532752111554146, 0.03935630992054939, 0.03820362314581871, 0.03978900983929634, 0.04982640966773033, 0.004464785102754831, 0.00791558064520359, -0.016084089875221252, -0.005658401176333427, 0.037587277591228485, -0.04650277644395828, -0.013097277842462063, -0.010245188139379025, 0.017110327258706093, -0.0018955800915136933, 0.03880181908607483, -0.0050067235715687275, 0.050803042948246, -0.020806599408388138, -0.039650361984968185, -0.003861747682094574, 0.037659648805856705, -0.022783596068620682, 0.030911626294255257, -0.01679326593875885, 0.017744634300470352, -0.03061744011938572, -0.03025270812213421, 0.00042428061715327203, -0.015587924048304558, 0.007176166865974665, -0.017963839694857597, -0.03930506855249405, 0.03843480348587036, -0.05857834592461586, -0.03439795598387718, 0.010342885740101337, -0.03992987051606178, 0.046449847519397736, -0.00617252429947257, 0.0703510269522667, 0.016059648245573044, -0.052921976894140244, -0.017704065889120102, 0.0006167304236441851, 0.005624489393085241, 0.056590672582387924, -0.06856415420770645, 0.05461694300174713, -0.026529844850301743, 0.024674737825989723, -0.08731251209974289, -0.058065012097358704, 0.035549383610486984, 0.026041004806756973, -0.01155716273933649, -0.044439010322093964, 0.047315508127212524, -0.0003198167833033949, 0.0034700289834290743, -0.0586552694439888, 0.017433438450098038, 0.012420134618878365, -0.017790362238883972, -0.01227579265832901, 0.03988352045416832, 0.05175858736038208, -0.021595092490315437, -0.021367277950048447, 0.031439751386642456, -0.0110630439594388, -0.023778175935149193, 0.006182954180985689, -0.003501754254102707, -0.03583667799830437, -0.00845312513411045, -0.006628573872148991, -0.017145702615380287, 0.043798431754112244, -0.05903167650103569, 0.003825113642960787, 0.020716598257422447, 0.06045014411211014, 0.005045257043093443, -0.011776763014495373, -0.012644276022911072, 0.011739558540284634, -0.004081845283508301, -0.013396820984780788, -0.027122411876916885, -0.019278308376669884, 0.010138062760233879, 0.03597414866089821, 0.005297801457345486, -0.0008607577183283865, 0.004162706900388002, 0.0633416622877121, 0.00469459593296051, -0.00959892850369215, -0.023471679538488388, 0.008344676345586777, -0.003101533045992255, 0.009375210851430893, 0.005063768941909075, 0.06477095931768417, 0.007544067222625017, -0.03746985271573067, -0.005326555110514164, -0.047765038907527924, -0.012238852679729462, 0.07721975445747375, -0.026157382875680923, 0.07279717177152634, 0.0357329435646534, 0.02030166983604431, 0.005208481568843126, -0.015447868965566158, -0.02635287120938301, 0.022864358499646187, 0.029491716995835304, 0.018040601164102554, 0.007315380033105612, 0.012812236323952675, -0.012607152573764324, -0.0006558333989232779, 0.006370166782289743, 0.046197548508644104, -0.017571577802300453, 0.03697558119893074, 0.041008204221725464, -0.03248075395822525, -0.021493013948202133, 0.02317911572754383, -0.059522245079278946, -0.0025051189586520195, -0.014985589310526848, -0.004088190849870443, 0.023317618295550346, 0.01900523155927658, 0.013417702168226242, -0.027449846267700195, -0.0427839495241642, -0.058757275342941284, -0.012154021300375462, 0.020229624584317207, 0.017780696973204613, 0.025598734617233276, 0.00042986564221791923, -0.005399645306169987, 0.025993172079324722, 0.021768521517515182, -0.001461932435631752, -0.07686054706573486, -0.028328312560915947, -0.001359283458441496, -0.05402358993887901, 0.023508308455348015, 0.01994856633245945, 0.010074807330965996, 0.06101243570446968, -0.010735784657299519, 0.0004843704227823764, -0.006033560261130333, 0.031468261033296585, 0.008435998111963272, 0.10313747078180313, 0.015660149976611137, 0.023922180756926537, -0.013809632509946823, 0.007402983494102955, 0.10061172395944595, 0.044042445719242096, 0.054445408284664154, -0.04447517544031143, 0.0035055542830377817, -0.051767684519290924, -0.012181472964584827, -0.036723848432302475, -0.007203461602330208, 0.024985305964946747, -0.007520453073084354, 0.06349598616361618, 0.04505914822220802, -0.0163083728402853, 0.02283410355448723, 0.04916158318519592, -0.013996192254126072, -0.007097634021192789, 0.00721151614561677, 0.03911411762237549, 0.0048523154109716415, -0.009048014879226685, -0.03167703002691269, 0.04938353970646858, -0.01362168975174427, -0.021273614838719368, -0.04695362597703934, -0.03590419143438339, 0.012188314460217953, -0.004375955555588007, 0.006793992593884468, 0.020344536751508713, 0.035876818001270294, 0.004606322385370731, -0.0001275426329812035, -0.00743207847699523, 0.025606438517570496, -0.0614754743874073, 0.010249554179608822, 0.014537518844008446, 0.013155216351151466, 0.018600745126605034, 0.00008644615445518866, 0.030649837106466293, -0.05170636251568794, -0.03076000139117241, -0.020374294370412827, 0.04454442113637924, -0.036593034863471985, -0.005852683912962675, -0.05201961472630501, 0.006503256503492594, -0.024740366265177727, -0.03181755542755127, -0.013892725110054016, 0.010442332364618778, 0.012020932510495186, -0.042401619255542755, -0.014748610556125641, -0.04240616038441658, 0.027042411267757416, -0.0016339650610461831, 0.04157452657818794, 0.013775156810879707, -0.03629773482680321, -0.020998694002628326, 0.017623094841837883, 0.05280749499797821, 0.005801094695925713, -0.018982041627168655, -0.030301809310913086, -0.04876745119690895, -0.024027632549405098, -0.020162126049399376, 0.05358725041151047, -0.028568154200911522, 0.05377513915300369, 0.021204594522714615, -0.023452753201127052, -0.0211433544754982, -0.05140157788991928, 0.015217645093798637, -0.025307318195700645, 0.028920404613018036, -0.027239374816417694, -0.00739311333745718, 0.022745737805962563, 0.032424960285425186, -0.0037921848706901073, -0.014900876209139824, 0.020967459306120872, 0.04306614771485329, 0.020239615812897682, -0.03466396778821945, -0.014862170442938805, -0.019872397184371948, -0.010154143907129765, 0.014575736597180367, -0.019265156239271164, 0.037636496126651764, 0.028557755053043365, 0.0055160606279969215, -0.0016795070841908455, 0.016462957486510277, -0.03710576519370079, 0.011434219777584076, 0.01136342715471983, -0.05458490923047066, -0.011285730637609959, 0.011528082191944122, 0.001490896102041006, -0.004106721840798855, -0.008884582668542862, -0.00899958424270153, -0.004634168930351734, -0.006776248570531607, -0.021647514775395393, -0.022044429555535316, 0.004141096957027912, -0.005181528627872467, 0.0073690591380000114, 0.02433577924966812, 0.0006526284851133823, 0.0028556305915117264, -0.01320970244705677, 0.010889376513659954, -0.02950054034590721, -0.037894055247306824, -0.0025147367268800735, 0.007988814264535904, -0.021423371508717537, 0.024886202067136765, -0.002474900335073471, 0.00887330062687397, -0.00227752816863358, 0.011740097776055336, -0.0192424263805151, 0.038915254175662994, -0.032202042639255524, -0.011406727135181427, 0.05195237323641777, -0.05498465895652771, -0.009853959083557129, 0.06057329103350639, -0.005536557640880346, 0.048620544373989105, 0.041787248104810715, -0.009406298398971558, -0.007490402087569237, 0.025866804644465446, -0.04909680038690567, -0.03223072364926338, -0.017188536003232002, 0.0003357659443281591, 0.023685075342655182, 0.028046848252415657, -0.022168168798089027, -0.015377574600279331, -0.01670626364648342, 0.01961015909910202, 0.04668214172124863, 0.015651745721697807, 0.0022067853715270758, 0.014102409593760967, 0.03662334755063057, 0.04646033048629761, 0.02846500650048256, 0.000399931421270594, 0.04048978164792061, 0.051925137639045715, -0.049330808222293854, 0.010057871229946613, -0.0006521496106870472, -0.006464025471359491, -0.09850785881280899, -0.056473858654499054, 0.016289139166474342, -0.027329105883836746, 0.04434618353843689, -0.05206536501646042, -0.01642380654811859, 0.026747068390250206, -0.026482611894607544, 0.00006318711530184373, -0.030846640467643738, -0.025683846324682236, -0.010644389316439629, -0.005896047223359346, -0.05359731987118721, 0.028861379250884056, 0.015676196664571762, 0.026765890419483185, 0.0582895427942276, 0.033102236688137054, 0.04130269214510918, -0.021280523389577866, -0.02628190442919731, -0.025371383875608444, 0.03698477894067764, -0.023839008063077927, 0.0359458290040493, -0.06642581522464752, -0.032426681369543076, 0.04737340658903122, -0.025685587897896767, 0.015705004334449768, -0.005900915712118149, -0.011811986565589905, -0.002885572612285614, 0.030260032042860985, 0.020632673054933548, -0.01703493669629097, 0.028382765129208565, -0.015750326216220856, 0.038507651537656784, -0.01660280115902424, -0.026964668184518814, 0.0077241514809429646, 0.03925188258290291, 0.0050440337508916855, -0.032562337815761566, 0.04594743996858597, 0.01412094384431839, -0.039958566427230835, -0.005997995380312204, -0.001225101761519909, 0.011107208207249641, -0.030622875317931175, 0.013955989852547646, -0.052643097937107086, 0.0020674956031143665, 0.03189845755696297, 0.021652892231941223, -0.02226066403090954, 0.022628644481301308, -0.039341412484645844, -0.043404292315244675, 0.02378351427614689, 0.008727489039301872, -0.021189803257584572, -0.057533085346221924, -0.030645156279206276, 0.00022534759773407131, -0.0019306107424199581, 0.010600130073726177, -0.039140041917562485, -0.033603835850954056, 0.035710640251636505, 0.006519570481032133, 0.007088915444910526, 0.00489695044234395, 0.00940774753689766, -0.023335110396146774, -0.05444992706179619, 0.031485628336668015, 0.013985078781843185, -0.03236645087599754, -0.008914131671190262, -0.009380653500556946, -0.022311469539999962, -0.008795528672635555, 0.044364944100379944, 0.026380306109786034, -0.006391551811248064, 0.0013261791318655014, 0.02423846162855625, 0.028949908912181854, -0.046040214598178864, 0.0009719716035760939, -0.04919326305389404, -0.04127456247806549, -0.04202747717499733, -0.02506403438746929, 0.026025477796792984, 0.016553569585084915, 0.009719779714941978, -0.013554885983467102, -0.02150595560669899, -0.0010108225978910923, 0.005273196380585432, 0.013607376255095005, -0.011832253076136112, 0.01064308825880289, 0.03899575397372246, -0.011388985440135002, 0.0035829523112624884, -0.018032286316156387, 0.01607760228216648, -0.0794755220413208, 0.031325653195381165, -0.016140861436724663, -0.032365832477808, -0.003494268748909235, 0.03763112053275108, -0.03172589838504791, -0.06328833848237991, -0.03431989252567291, -0.0074523575603961945, -0.06325681507587433, 0.01560310460627079, 0.005127924960106611, -0.012497542425990105, 0.029341761022806168, 0.012858431786298752, -0.006715245079249144, 0.019214652478694916, 0.001086376141756773, 0.01343342661857605, 0.0071356575936079025, 0.0002965141902677715, -0.013257607817649841, 0.008425118401646614, 0.040807079523801804, -0.03212703764438629, 0.036071836948394775, -0.01266350969672203, 0.04968678206205368, -0.019363339990377426, -0.026538588106632233, 0.002046598121523857, -0.03102867677807808, 0.00021556952560786158, 0.009997927583754063, -0.05224410817027092, 0.06736601144075394, -0.0187765471637249, 0.007035018410533667, -0.07188724726438522, 0.0053092604503035545, -0.00898398831486702, 0.01721629686653614, 0.049622923135757446, 0.047747962176799774, 0.003238910809159279, 0.005584018304944038, -0.008207179605960846, 0.005447910167276859, 0.000337475910782814, -0.016984425485134125, -0.007773795630782843, -0.015195461921393871, 0.01570899598300457, -0.036490291357040405, -0.04369786009192467, 0.009043863974511623, -0.022014210000634193, 0.020739616826176643, 0.03188794106245041, 0.03042619302868843, -0.027564123272895813, -0.01095989067107439, 0.006736240815371275, 0.06275356560945511, -0.07221702486276627, -0.013562912121415138, 0.0035436192993074656, -0.012439435347914696, -0.028606606647372246, -0.013601795770227909 ]
<p>I am trying to learn the difference between the three approaches and their applications.</p> <p>a) As I understand,</p> <pre><code>AIC = -LL+K BIC = -LL+(K*logN)/2 </code></pre> <p>Unless I am missing something, shouldn't the K that minimizes the AIC minimize BIC as well since N is constant. </p> <p>I looked at this <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/577/is-there-any-reason-to-prefer-the-aic-or-bic-over-the-other/767#767">thread</a> but couldn't find a satisfactory answer. </p> <p>b) According to Witten's book on Data Mining (pg 267) the definition of MDL for evaluating the quality of network is the same as BIC. Is there a difference between BIC and MDL?</p> <p>c) What are the different approaches to compute MDL? I am looking for its application in Clustering, Time Series Analysis (ARIMA and Regime Switching) and Attribute Selection. While almost all commonly used packages in R report AIC and BIC, I couldn't find any that implements MDL and I wanted to see if I can write it myself.</p> <p>Thank you.</p>
74,078
[ -0.03596637025475502, 0.0056053888984024525, -0.03204915300011635, 0.008668673224747181, 0.018558474257588387, 0.019749121740460396, 0.00314403441734612, -0.02996850199997425, 0.03397462144494057, -0.030075091868638992, 0.032426655292510986, 0.04935505986213684, 0.06624636799097061, 0.07112602889537811, 0.016417579725384712, -0.000890602299477905, -0.01804734393954277, 0.003408039454370737, -0.002140730619430542, -0.022429728880524635, -0.009671377018094063, 0.00313765206374228, 0.09013368934392929, 0.029026318341493607, -0.03182384744286537, 0.041207343339920044, 0.01446782611310482, -0.014396258629858494, -0.018655460327863693, 0.031145989894866943, -0.04403579235076904, -0.011234301142394543, 0.018474727869033813, 0.04097071662545204, 0.024384547024965286, 0.04283428192138672, -0.03858744353055954, 0.0016612530453130603, -0.017381176352500916, 0.019629957154393196, -0.0005770266288891435, -0.051618728786706924, 0.01622898131608963, 0.00010641605331329629, 0.009990162216126919, -0.0029571857303380966, 0.016615960747003555, -0.02397444099187851, 0.0239033792167902, -0.040712837129831314, 0.03499419987201691, -0.02887381613254547, -0.009737060405313969, 0.01245702151209116, -0.025706779211759567, -0.021971961483359337, 0.04372238740324974, 0.07318627089262009, -0.0055338176898658276, -0.06015568599104881, 0.013721599243581295, -0.00764190498739481, 0.023212125524878502, -0.016542773693799973, -0.010112411342561245, 0.06003650277853012, 0.020871132612228394, -0.00821075588464737, 0.04950825870037079, 0.0005032535991631448, 0.009628824889659882, -0.01847902685403824, 0.020794453099370003, -0.055231012403964996, 0.02728302776813507, -0.03257311135530472, -0.01800449751317501, -0.027480795979499817, 0.05278277397155762, 0.05597369372844696, 0.011370781809091568, 0.034707654267549515, 0.03262771666049957, 0.01233209390193224, 0.05465273931622505, -0.012174692004919052, 0.08707336336374283, -0.04018665477633476, -0.0005585278267972171, 0.022954165935516357, -0.023540174588561058, -0.005293397232890129, 0.030885713174939156, 0.03041323460638523, -0.034055665135383606, 0.006628213915973902, -0.02849867194890976, 0.023193296045064926, 0.01589847169816494, -0.000933979928959161, -0.020624134689569473, -0.029623743146657944, 0.001379795023240149, 0.02598077990114689, -0.004692999180406332, 0.006511099636554718, -0.010562191717326641, -0.02086750604212284, -0.012824230827391148, -0.011071798391640186, -0.06850632280111313, -0.004327352624386549, 0.0038121750112622976, 0.01732683554291725, 0.014587882906198502, -0.005548479035496712, -0.04388124868273735, 0.0016658965032547712, 0.019674478098750114, 0.0905747190117836, 0.01269542332738638, 0.01227150484919548, 0.02608337067067623, -0.06300793588161469, -0.05366695299744606, -0.02365749143064022, 0.0038696432020515203, -0.02053467184305191, -0.04356959089636803, 0.038770001381635666, -0.018199635669589043, 0.01261814683675766, 0.042588233947753906, -0.007704276125878096, 0.020499086007475853, -0.006092783063650131, -0.07630083709955215, -0.006923162844032049, 0.05854493007063866, -0.0120687335729599, 0.01632246933877468, -0.03773341700434685, -0.010387729853391647, 0.03919586166739464, 0.05483343452215195, 0.05173639953136444, 0.03879798948764801, 0.007050113752484322, 0.009426906704902649, 0.02005521021783352, -0.057533275336027145, -0.007267546374350786, -0.023116808384656906, -0.007895800285041332, -0.018326088786125183, -0.08587202429771423, 0.03573089838027954, 0.046917062252759933, -0.013380252756178379, 0.0017094468930736184, 0.047029417008161545, 0.005890711676329374, -0.052008889615535736, -0.01810871623456478, -0.03697622939944267, 0.03923679515719414, 0.06744794547557831, 0.026127886027097702, 0.036447782069444656, -0.008564197458326817, 0.0005198413855396211, 0.028675394132733345, -0.02443550154566765, 0.04397767409682274, 0.045724060386419296, -0.008866507560014725, -0.0045037902891635895, -0.01626415178179741, 0.04267682507634163, 0.03161086142063141, -0.04659200832247734, -0.007853439077734947, -0.02777024731040001, -0.03973520174622536, 0.0004849896358791739, 0.04087959975004196, -0.002176272450014949, 0.005854113958775997, 0.0586121529340744, -0.06248052418231964, -0.04428527504205704, -0.05890638753771782, -0.00669013150036335, -0.03158021718263626, -0.037302326411008835, -0.0017038171645253897, 0.004533563740551472, 0.011079811491072178, -0.013626839965581894, -0.020943518728017807, -0.004930080380290747, -0.02074413374066353, 0.042069800198078156, -0.013267286121845245, 0.02103002928197384, 0.021830664947628975, 0.025721170008182526, -0.02343105524778366, 0.036053985357284546, -0.06513144075870514, -0.04282253235578537, 0.019068406894803047, -0.04952137544751167, 0.013597535900771618, 0.013490832410752773, -0.011495701968669891, 0.050132326781749725, -0.002898505888879299, -0.019555991515517235, 0.012734289281070232, -0.05594004690647125, 0.07804897427558899, 0.07254006713628769, 0.008768334984779358, 0.01286543719470501, 0.025921542197465897, 0.011273486539721489, 0.0061852834187448025, -0.035872362554073334, 0.015430300496518612, -0.05440928786993027, -0.019102169200778008, 0.04770461842417717, -0.005867945961654186, -0.0420866385102272, 0.012568239122629166, 0.036028508096933365, 0.030197883024811745, 0.014372493140399456, 0.046980734914541245, -0.019456708803772926, 0.00540993781760335, 0.0404650904238224, 0.041518718004226685, -0.021482542157173157, 0.009296625852584839, 0.02479567937552929, -0.021450286731123924, 0.04337254911661148, -0.03701043501496315, -0.012292668223381042, 0.07118568569421768, -0.013241695240139961, 0.010489297099411488, -0.01780632510781288, -0.03102646768093109, 0.07332241535186768, -0.026869207620620728, -0.00503389211371541, 0.021181883290410042, 0.005344676785171032, -0.002664495725184679, 0.00775034399703145, 0.011685092002153397, 0.03672618046402931, 0.005102848634123802, -0.015860050916671753, -0.013061737641692162, -0.004825631622225046, -0.024235377088189125, 0.03151319921016693, 0.015004315413534641, -0.008992706425487995, -0.03879205137491226, 0.011053439229726791, 0.017431749030947685, -0.02333596907556057, 0.015522184781730175, 0.009183033369481564, 0.006474295165389776, 0.001136552426032722, -0.009776664897799492, 0.008103487081825733, 0.0011872194008901715, -0.019902335479855537, 0.01019933633506298, 0.015331029891967773, 0.003353437641635537, 0.019749445840716362, -0.028839528560638428, -0.028465094044804573, -0.008822156116366386, 0.021553929895162582, -0.07130575180053711, -0.024269938468933105, -0.009262394160032272, 0.01787698082625866, -0.014445214532315731, -0.021804265677928925, 0.042736127972602844, 0.01005630660802126, -0.04063451662659645, 0.026704521849751472, -0.03545788675546646, -0.018893536180257797, -0.04982529580593109, -0.033337317407131195, 0.023790983483195305, -0.01164347305893898, -0.018644576892256737, 0.036244336515665054, -0.02893393114209175, 0.007423140108585358, -0.06395460665225983, -0.07278332859277725, 0.039085812866687775, -0.0286641214042902, 0.02065005712211132, 0.02146448940038681, -0.02402862347662449, 0.030966170132160187, 0.07546622306108475, -0.04100978747010231, -0.049260661005973816, -0.011048362590372562, -0.027044646441936493, -0.018145672976970673, 0.013162593357264996, 0.035906996577978134, 0.006401349790394306, 0.01805301010608673, 0.013262519612908363, 0.015657939016819, 0.04521295428276062, -0.007200762163847685, 0.017370492219924927, 0.028767408803105354, -0.0168771855533123, -0.017392730340361595, 0.05039838328957558, 0.027393875643610954, -0.042599670588970184, 0.018438374623656273, -0.0059934863820672035, 0.006544440984725952, 0.029834061861038208, -0.032433804124593735, 0.006368469912558794, 0.007915392518043518, 0.005710182711482048, -0.05164722353219986, 0.022295663133263588, 0.013012574054300785, -0.04108504578471184, 0.0049597397446632385, 0.011547327041625977, 0.01842089556157589, -0.05044100433588028, -0.017347516492009163, 0.051705412566661835, 0.03374040871858597, 0.0033150112722069025, 0.00018016828107647598, -0.013802657835185528, -0.019709913060069084, -0.013846974819898605, -0.0723835825920105, -0.022258492186665535, 0.04222167283296585, 0.029292628169059753, 0.007561390288174152, -0.02415013313293457, -0.04652894288301468, 0.017385829240083694, -0.091081902384758, 0.0040114875882864, -0.07980087399482727, 0.09378786385059357, 0.0033164294436573982, 0.028078723698854446, -0.008730738423764706, -0.021486790850758553, 0.04601196199655533, -0.020570673048496246, -0.06598936021327972, 0.029494399204850197, -0.04449228197336197, 0.005784404929727316, 0.02240697294473648, -0.034806229174137115, 0.042175423353910446, -0.029069557785987854, -0.020751724019646645, 0.009765734896063805, 0.024422237649559975, -0.04948919266462326, 0.004554398823529482, -0.022775499150156975, -0.007611773442476988, 0.006756431423127651, -0.01651936024427414, 0.06519144773483276, 0.007800757419317961, 0.05153988301753998, 0.057564474642276764, -0.00175011670216918, -0.02777404896914959, -0.005044709891080856, 0.017087751999497414, -0.0014793473528698087, 0.030830778181552887, 0.010608860291540623, 0.021411104127764702, -0.01762416958808899, 0.014029915444552898, 0.012626527808606625, 0.014400338754057884, 0.030547434464097023, -0.0392942950129509, -0.04019138962030411, -0.023530833423137665, -0.016289429739117622, 0.007117833010852337, 0.03009401261806488, 0.012445912696421146, -0.012480906210839748, 0.04183954745531082, 0.010502604767680168, -0.026389768347144127, 0.04999325051903725, 0.048189032822847366, -0.00294463150203228, -0.011166024953126907, -0.037772487848997116, -0.0046386015601456165, 0.036428052932024, -0.019843654707074165, 0.03881349787116051, 0.006297484040260315, 0.0014764828374609351, 0.0027933274395763874, 0.03567216917872429, -0.034134987741708755, -0.0010938221821561456, 0.00823286734521389, 0.03906802460551262, 0.023952769115567207, 0.025319064036011696, -0.0364309661090374, -0.003628095146268606, 0.03804551064968109, 0.016071753576397896, 0.04562466964125633, 0.021528448909521103, -0.0825396254658699, -0.023648593574762344, 0.01663954369723797, 0.04011870175600052, -0.017364496365189552, -0.01743466593325138, -0.06212964281439781, -0.02138516679406166, 0.005621002521365881, -0.03566615656018257, 0.06922843307256699, -0.019624782726168633, 0.035217057913541794, -0.04145950824022293, -0.03295624628663063, -0.03765347972512245, -0.011436471715569496, -0.00018290744628757238, 0.06905155628919601, -0.009965972974896431, -0.01079888828098774, -0.045803043991327286, -0.00820027943700552, -0.005231112241744995, 0.05371527373790741, -0.03684474527835846, -0.03183121979236603, 0.03471628949046135, 0.0052104732021689415, 0.0022419856395572424, -0.04097812995314598, 0.009746648371219635, 0.023950576782226562, 0.01357195619493723, 0.038724761456251144, -0.0053605446591973305, -0.014360385946929455, 0.028147859498858452, 0.04390229657292366, -0.03837541863322258, 0.007690862752497196, 0.003947997931391001, 0.044242605566978455, 0.052917152643203735, -0.01776694320142269, 0.05238940194249153, -0.00842019822448492, -0.02687663771212101, -0.008504734374582767, -0.02825109101831913, 0.01806330308318138, 0.0015169280814006925, -0.029907213523983955, -0.020170720294117928, 0.011088124476373196, -0.019079817458987236, 0.01913449540734291, 0.013764828443527222, 0.05067376419901848, -0.048564016819000244, -0.0021343741100281477, 0.005714146886020899, 0.02025477960705757, -0.017058543860912323, -0.026907900348305702, 0.027023574337363243, 0.0031699819955974817, 0.014426438137888908, -0.015756085515022278, 0.02165156602859497, -0.02238060161471367, -0.0182417593896389, 0.042009104043245316, -0.03680754825472832, 0.0005402745446190238, -0.030926892533898354, -0.03446432575583458, -0.0066510820761322975, 0.035069387406110764, 0.0013190682511776686, 0.02133580856025219, 0.01801399327814579, 0.011338265612721443, -0.011705650947988033, 0.01267689187079668, -0.016818927600979805, -0.008087349124252796, 0.024820854887366295, -0.017809618264436722, 0.04601738229393959, -0.01847049780189991, -0.026006897911429405, -0.08031054586172104, -0.02275010757148266, -0.002163045108318329, -0.0294918455183506, -0.06981618702411652, -0.02800814062356949, 0.01658284291625023, 0.006072542630136013, -0.04414629563689232, 0.024679912254214287, 0.026832865551114082, -0.02720242366194725, -0.02200564555823803, 0.007728733588010073, 0.038526684045791626, 0.052572425454854965, 0.03221271559596062, -0.03368917852640152, 0.0011625501792877913, -0.01281510666012764, -0.004893243778496981, -0.0019424206111580133, 0.05963865667581558, -0.02088676020503044, -0.00234085856936872, -0.04140952229499817, -0.0076844110153615475, 0.04343113303184509, 0.0037975634913891554, -0.02197672240436077, -0.010121801868081093, 0.0015376710798591375, -0.02094050496816635, -0.05294669792056084, 0.0016501889331266284, -0.03418795391917229, 0.035902585834264755, -0.008034058846533298, -0.0036184072960168123, -0.026381762698292732, -0.022448895499110222, 0.00038313926779665053, -0.0037678477820008993, -0.02739149145781994, 0.031000744551420212, 0.06188153848052025, -0.012654762715101242, 0.01710856892168522, -0.011535059660673141, -0.0309017114341259, 0.05032149329781532, -0.033763185143470764, 0.025203507393598557, -0.0032258068677037954, 0.010855789296329021, -0.0279088094830513, -0.04629660025238991, -0.031128596514463425, 0.0366278812289238, 0.07011090964078903, 0.004517852328717709, 0.03806565701961517, 0.04450330138206482, -0.012580138631165028, -0.0035484081599861383, -0.05016640946269035, -0.025999074801802635, -0.03192909061908722, -0.0008309705881401896, 0.05834518000483513, -0.03621290251612663, -0.019636912271380424, 0.028968261554837227, 0.006415572948753834, -0.029039043933153152, 0.017651570960879326, 0.021143607795238495, 0.03114536590874195, 0.004595614969730377, -0.04212379828095436, -0.04913085326552391, 0.0289478600025177, -0.027686873450875282, 0.02080678381025791, -0.026987168937921524, -0.02398577891290188, 0.036286864429712296, 0.04674164950847626, -0.007338081486523151, -0.07882144302129745, -0.004740270785987377, -0.04172511398792267, -0.010679002851247787, 0.029888294637203217, -0.020829148590564728, 0.029989026486873627, 0.022086046636104584, 0.023672299459576607, 0.010785333812236786, 0.0224667489528656, 0.02627711184322834, -0.05212749168276787, -0.016916649416089058, -0.0045426045544445515, -0.052895914763212204, 0.04089311137795448, 0.015892650932073593, -0.06079602614045143, 0.0061080846935510635, -0.028584834188222885, 0.04175904020667076, 0.026695014908909798, 0.029215630143880844, 0.019314521923661232, 0.09114083647727966, -0.039722200483083725, 0.009773924946784973, -0.0025808874052017927, -0.002089576330035925, 0.12299887835979462, 0.07757805287837982, 0.03556689992547035, -0.10541174560785294, -0.00249218731187284, 0.025254936888813972, -0.009905993938446045, -0.0252323467284441, -0.0019610559102147818, 0.013458972796797752, 0.008596308529376984, 0.06867173314094543, 0.04345555603504181, 0.027145730331540108, 0.007983708754181862, 0.04375172778964043, -0.03348565846681595, -0.02801317162811756, 0.013338601216673851, 0.02104361169040203, 0.01426026038825512, -0.0025868378579616547, -0.052384063601493835, 0.03021104261279106, 0.03231494128704071, -0.04586763679981232, -0.006536572240293026, 0.00704902783036232, 0.041334860026836395, -0.0061372737400233746, 0.017522824928164482, -0.0057109082117676735, 0.027788648381829262, -0.008654512465000153, 0.023027151823043823, 0.004021533764898777, 0.020299352705478668, -0.04708573967218399, 0.02846652828156948, 0.03291042149066925, 0.026254137977957726, -0.06479001045227051, 0.005445609334856272, 0.01003187894821167, -0.0670238807797432, -0.021904686465859413, -0.0533207543194294, 0.014186505228281021, -0.016073523089289665, -0.018220826983451843, 0.011713162995874882, -0.010707621462643147, 0.014689919538795948, -0.01702989637851715, -0.026798712089657784, 0.015161833725869656, 0.06807303428649902, -0.03633251413702965, 0.0015191009733825922, -0.04325241595506668, 0.0016273363726213574, -0.013926716521382332, 0.03440903127193451, -0.008910071104764938, -0.04113949090242386, -0.03981933370232582, -0.018449733033776283, 0.05771615356206894, -0.016779610887169838, 0.007182217203080654, 0.0048844884149730206, 0.008487873710691929, -0.03368757292628288, -0.009433659724891186, 0.005288797430694103, 0.00018553742847871035, 0.03149361535906792, -0.004265566822141409, -0.014376935549080372, -0.0054097408428788185, -0.01382417045533657, -0.002283345442265272, -0.02334153838455677, -0.016469156369566917, -0.016511056572198868, 0.008781570009887218, 0.02635132521390915, 0.005673913285136223, 0.03827498480677605, 0.034754008054733276, -0.03274378553032875, 0.04079052805900574, -0.006296427454799414, -0.048820994794368744, 0.001667396747507155, -0.02190629206597805, -0.048962321132421494, 0.015684571117162704, -0.022310685366392136, 0.04604767635464668, 0.015423683449625969, -0.006028643809258938, -0.031252484768629074, 0.03242945671081543, -0.009858881123363972, 0.010959469713270664, 0.020326880738139153, -0.028830494731664658, 0.034681059420108795, 0.019755855202674866, 0.012780608609318733, -0.034420114010572433, -0.019329475238919258, -0.02807401865720749, -0.019369758665561676, 0.02838335745036602, -0.03315633907914162, -0.011207982897758484, 0.007711114827543497, 0.020547237247228622, 0.011735683307051659, -0.06477119028568268, -0.011725218035280704, -0.04870237410068512, 0.007976619526743889, -0.0482025109231472, 0.054601091891527176, 0.013256112113595009, 0.022275244817137718, -0.029728153720498085, 0.01926397904753685, 0.03667605668306351, 0.024797692894935608, -0.016155773773789406, 0.012429401278495789, -0.010906148701906204, -0.01492112036794424, 0.05864772945642471, -0.0159299336373806, -0.02562997303903103, 0.028320662677288055, -0.03432058170437813, -0.010465816594660282, 0.021113749593496323, -0.021215738728642464, -0.004331714939326048, 0.006578686647117138, -0.019154630601406097, -0.007095720618963242, 0.0475090853869915, 0.003352623898535967, -0.0312348622828722, -0.02459343709051609, -0.02114129066467285, 0.012412257492542267, 0.008076854981482029, -0.037393976002931595, -0.0031165892723947763, -0.005081727169454098, -0.006532450206577778, 0.024066844955086708, 0.0016820450546219945, -0.006791716441512108, 0.01060100831091404, -0.003364959266036749, 0.006441530771553516, 0.009225456975400448, -0.014085711911320686, 0.015166196040809155, 0.03285158425569534, -0.0014202685561031103, 0.013483558781445026, -0.017031285911798477, -0.002251305617392063, -0.06153535470366478, -0.024194398894906044, 0.016990870237350464, 0.004556489642709494, 0.03357086330652237, -0.07422248274087906, 0.009860976599156857, 0.0027691111899912357, -0.026667021214962006, 0.004899219144135714, -0.009267550893127918, 0.022534726187586784, -0.03200593218207359, 0.015469851903617382, -0.03262448310852051, 0.025576096028089523, 0.03873085603117943, 0.01010532584041357, 0.04940536618232727, 0.020094726234674454, -0.03586345165967941, 0.03232959285378456, -0.021804150193929672, -0.019233714789152145, 0.02357524260878563, -0.06625494360923767, 0.057173509150743484, -0.041570551693439484, -0.03140002489089966, 0.042672108858823776, -0.021812932565808296, 0.012401155196130276, 0.023046202957630157, 0.0026485577691346407, 0.011304771527647972, 0.04522432014346123, 0.025283874943852425, -0.03355458378791809, 0.0005086842575110495, -0.00011500372784212232, 0.02348865196108818, 0.02160520665347576, 0.00040400156285613775, 0.025217972695827484, 0.008430495858192444, 0.00772121362388134, -0.00732095493003726, 0.020556345582008362, -0.02568320743739605, -0.04443822056055069, -0.04298534244298935, -0.00164786574896425, 0.03732184320688248, -0.004866072908043861, -0.01241358183324337, -0.002888124668970704, -0.02299654483795166, 0.06167960911989212, 0.021044369786977768, 0.03139318525791168, -0.0014529243344441056, -0.013028307817876339, -0.07750014215707779, 0.028995312750339508, -0.017570026218891144, 0.0020650688093155622, -0.07316741347312927, -0.01300303265452385, 0.019640466198325157, 0.02759404294192791, -0.04030510410666466, 0.01772497221827507, -0.018144307658076286, 0.032022688537836075, -0.014044096693396568, 0.024026328697800636, 0.013600601814687252, -0.034719545394182205, 0.023707056418061256, -0.059063687920570374, 0.04558538272976875, 0.0019456975860521197, -0.0003616583999246359, -0.014205887913703918, -0.010988433845341206, -0.06518607586622238, 0.007833702489733696, 0.06494702398777008, 0.011988471262156963, 0.005352923646569252, -0.030491463840007782, 0.028912147507071495, 0.00819599349051714, -0.040978074073791504, 0.044562917202711105, -0.023579515516757965, -0.030177390202879906, 0.0026565585285425186, -0.023875419050455093, -0.004118928220123053, 0.023840460926294327, 0.0017133236397057772, -0.002376610180363059, 0.022149214521050453, 0.02739119902253151, 0.0038394902367144823, 0.035737212747335434, -0.031129634007811546, -0.02058010920882225, 0.026721052825450897, -0.018903428688645363, 0.023961948230862617, 0.01788131333887577, 0.025474200025200844, -0.04715372994542122, 0.08006907254457474, -0.020551927387714386, -0.019505761563777924, 0.02713347040116787, -0.018957650288939476, -0.025766750797629356, -0.028947774320840836, 0.0003513135598041117, 0.02079707197844982, 0.015497035346925259, 0.016375279054045677, 0.016300784423947334, 0.008280988782644272, 0.08544085919857025, 0.003114327322691679, 0.036663200706243515, 0.006059576291590929, -0.015085818246006966, 0.018852191045880318, 0.01168518140912056, 0.03287544846534729, 0.016152555122971535, -0.014347579330205917, 0.003154379315674305, -0.025962870568037033, 0.03489257022738457, -0.030107425525784492, 0.02158772200345993, -0.0259160865098238, -0.03301700949668884, 0.034848812967538834, -0.021202770993113518, -0.004069745074957609, 0.023699836805462837, 0.009633025154471397, 0.05100272223353386, -0.03055781126022339, 0.00047041429206728935, -0.0017311739502474666, -0.05305784195661545, -0.0064003742299973965, 0.0029618246480822563, -0.027985654771327972, 0.03285236284136772, 0.013210431672632694, 0.03954687342047691, 0.02650572918355465, -0.021743597462773323, 0.039873380213975906, -0.029392443597316742, 0.024822579696774483, -0.02087237872183323, 0.009365729987621307, 0.001502451952546835, -0.02831994742155075, -0.031580131500959396, -0.01855107955634594, 0.008446628227829933, 0.0199919231235981, 0.002965045627206564, 0.0023748918902128935, -0.049442242830991745, 0.006662755273282528, 0.03121974691748619, -0.07635514438152313, 0.009057870134711266, -0.046525340527296066, -0.006876328028738499, -0.013378539122641087, -0.003971488680690527 ]
<p>I have a dataset:</p> <pre><code>y = array([ 4460000., 2100000., 938000., 500000., 204000., 130000., 124000., 118000., 106000., 100000., 98000., 98000., 97000., 99000.]) x = array([ 470., 955., 1700., 2900., 5520., 7000., 8500., 9700., 14600., 22000., 27000., 33000., 37500., 42200.]) </code></pre> <p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/G5bIG.png" alt="loglogplot"></p> <p>which I need to fit using an arbitrary function. Unfortunately I have no further (useful) information for that data. </p> <p>Is there some kind of function that can fit this data?</p>
74,079
[ -0.04372711479663849, 0.03569941595196724, 0.010252160020172596, 0.01785944029688835, 0.03586498275399208, 0.03358271345496178, -0.016741475090384483, -0.043490372598171234, 0.007642015349119902, -0.028285017237067223, 0.0579293854534626, 0.08042554557323456, 0.013979616574943066, 0.03898153454065323, 0.03889159858226776, -0.005323381163179874, -0.023393681272864342, 0.024823565036058426, -0.017603857442736626, -0.03122778609395027, 0.004555743187665939, 0.016719110310077667, 0.00984403770416975, 0.019019465893507004, -0.008985067717730999, 0.04123343899846077, 0.026923280209302902, -0.0023939763195812702, 0.010613914579153061, 0.07915524393320084, -0.044959794729948044, -0.03914162144064903, 0.0282523725181818, 0.026833126321434975, 0.03270605579018593, 0.0021515379194170237, -0.0032014537137001753, -0.02343321405351162, -0.010114316828548908, 0.03973016142845154, -0.0009151384001597762, 0.03339274600148201, 0.04107305034995079, 0.03490250185132027, 0.018227800726890564, 0.057152822613716125, -0.02007371559739113, -0.000934512703679502, 0.02597627602517605, -0.03623053431510925, 0.10171499103307724, -0.016531147062778473, 0.035963114351034164, 0.008328122086822987, -0.04606075957417488, -0.018601570278406143, 0.05981256812810898, 0.050966400653123856, -0.04734526947140694, -0.06064726412296295, -0.011491227895021439, -0.012500172480940819, 0.010002756491303444, -0.0033601918257772923, 0.0027453035581856966, 0.033656951040029526, -0.02522047981619835, -0.015359160490334034, 0.06180082634091377, -0.010221848264336586, 0.015307818539440632, 0.0407046340405941, 0.06589899212121964, -0.04006897658109665, 0.015334589406847954, -0.04861538112163544, 0.02154151163995266, 0.04177180305123329, 0.02909988723695278, 0.025103231891989708, 0.02096138522028923, 0.028804682195186615, 0.007178209722042084, 0.00018881424330174923, 0.040404461324214935, 0.0017432855674996972, 0.06291011720895767, -0.014318043366074562, 0.03433547914028168, 0.03563367575407028, -0.01019592210650444, 0.02665850892663002, 0.0849195346236229, 0.02541838027536869, -0.012390336953103542, 0.02094309590756893, 0.021978260949254036, 0.03740416094660759, 0.012171905487775803, -0.016905615106225014, 0.0018915130058303475, -0.03506029024720192, -0.016494732350111008, 0.036096155643463135, -0.013287496753036976, 0.0149566400796175, -0.01804918609559536, -0.01769436150789261, -0.0039517842233181, -0.009185057133436203, 0.016498463228344917, 0.013846244663000107, 0.009216628037393093, -0.009601025842130184, 0.021556660532951355, -0.024201417341828346, -0.011679604649543762, 0.0025212690234184265, 0.03356689214706421, 0.010609565302729607, -0.007634480483829975, -0.02415606938302517, 0.026144759729504585, -0.01342749409377575, -0.04644213616847992, 0.00718530872836709, -0.011991134844720364, -0.005451267119497061, -0.022836901247501373, 0.03144436702132225, -0.04348628222942352, -0.02268952503800392, 0.053897395730018616, -0.017058931291103363, 0.048639990389347076, -0.01833512634038925, -0.06091246008872986, -0.049422189593315125, 0.020991377532482147, 0.012030516751110554, 0.010752720758318901, -0.01996268704533577, -0.0024421708658337593, 0.046283185482025146, 0.054340660572052, 0.02168271876871586, 0.022458232939243317, -0.0029924253467470407, 0.0008985491003841162, -0.015764232724905014, -0.0384729728102684, 0.002623799256980419, -0.020506488159298897, -0.031621303409338, 0.01195660699158907, -0.06072436645627022, -0.012860354967415333, 0.008265862241387367, -0.04003467038273811, -0.0030499696731567383, 0.01902604289352894, 0.003975802566856146, -0.03224233537912369, -0.04335043579339981, -0.027491802349686623, -0.052306339144706726, 0.061921127140522, -0.011968471109867096, 0.02335154265165329, 0.009388227015733719, -0.038888704031705856, 0.01243039034307003, 0.005965677555650473, 0.011783557943999767, 0.050033535808324814, 0.014743464067578316, -0.006771217565983534, -0.008514504879713058, 0.044383857399225235, 0.052761830389499664, -0.00637820502743125, -0.05369502678513527, -0.005726041737943888, -0.017323723062872887, 0.034866902977228165, 0.04225441813468933, 0.03635825589299202, -0.028876760974526405, 0.05164174735546112, -0.04385494440793991, -0.04488249123096466, -0.05039336159825325, 0.007755340542644262, -0.005179911386221647, 0.01224497053772211, -0.01065443642437458, 0.006655118428170681, 0.002622122410684824, 0.03221246227622032, -0.0454171858727932, -0.00031565394601784647, -0.032192762941122055, 0.05895506218075752, 0.0075995102524757385, -0.010545091703534126, 0.045372575521469116, 0.04351186379790306, -0.020583152770996094, 0.05043119937181473, -0.02355187013745308, 0.006654812954366207, 0.007927662692964077, -0.03357251361012459, 0.01284648384898901, -0.010436479933559895, -0.019673503935337067, -0.002010488649830222, 0.012183607555925846, -0.011424497701227665, 0.01939326897263527, -0.029622837901115417, 0.05623163655400276, 0.04892958700656891, 0.02052965760231018, -0.004072767216712236, -0.02336829900741577, -0.023550687357783318, 0.029412658885121346, -0.02985054813325405, -0.06548919528722763, -0.0412592776119709, -0.004080267623066902, 0.02200816571712494, 0.02706955000758171, -0.009448952041566372, -0.01584642007946968, 0.07610594481229782, -0.005776005797088146, 0.01272575557231903, 0.05096541717648506, -0.04712098464369774, -0.004223607946187258, -0.0011989292688667774, -0.00048764419625513256, 0.04891045391559601, -0.031824976205825806, 0.001873401808552444, 0.03692765533924103, 0.04643445461988449, -0.0025394102558493614, -0.022138234227895737, 0.00898497924208641, 0.0047384402714669704, 0.026695050299167633, -0.02545338124036789, -0.028244921937584877, 0.048884231597185135, -0.010292238555848598, -0.0022094224113970995, 0.03789815306663513, 0.02891233190894127, -0.0049874447286129, -0.002238031942397356, -0.02884000726044178, 0.008927467279136181, 0.05703934654593468, -0.026849547401070595, -0.03366139531135559, 0.018839949741959572, -0.012311913073062897, 0.012254730798304081, -0.02096664533019066, -0.02944248355925083, -0.056979499757289886, 0.030722375959157944, 0.03843773528933525, 0.022433064877986908, 0.018799269571900368, -0.04086952283978462, -0.02659488283097744, 0.004265697672963142, -0.012371636927127838, 0.008148628287017345, -0.008207841776311398, -0.012974325567483902, -0.027006492018699646, 0.0205672774463892, -0.0034376473631709814, -0.007730579003691673, -0.01606210134923458, -0.007991396822035313, 0.035878412425518036, -0.055292390286922455, -0.009348804131150246, -0.005594740156084299, -0.030391398817300797, 0.017197633162140846, 0.006040614563971758, -0.0014867244753986597, 0.05187465250492096, -0.047924235463142395, -0.04123026505112648, 0.00033788211294449866, -0.05271667614579201, -0.025439724326133728, -0.03194188326597214, -0.008238525129854679, -0.000451158732175827, -0.0014843118842691183, 0.01734515093266964, 0.0049465131014585495, -0.04134981334209442, 0.01551565621048212, -0.05612919479608536, -0.06854179501533508, 0.0007976499618962407, 0.0006490066880360246, 0.004970354959368706, -0.0016561802476644516, -0.01329135149717331, 0.05970325320959091, -0.00654845405369997, -0.03259161487221718, -0.09273935109376907, -0.023544084280729294, -0.00296921213157475, -0.02539580874145031, 0.043456289917230606, 0.013261237181723118, 0.014064455404877663, 0.0024387144949287176, 0.004736465867608786, 0.014177544042468071, 0.04453819617629051, 0.007662190590053797, 0.013553841970860958, 0.008397619239985943, 0.01802084781229496, -0.0123671879991889, 0.031298935413360596, 0.015195995569229126, 0.010772095993161201, 0.04958599805831909, -0.026513904333114624, -0.013784559443593025, -0.00003494846896501258, -0.04021422937512398, 0.013109979219734669, 0.0003875980619341135, 0.025211257860064507, -0.03231707215309143, 0.02528320625424385, 0.011487159878015518, -0.055236175656318665, -0.00019053978030569851, 0.043111518025398254, 0.026176251471042633, 0.015125852078199387, -0.0007804988417774439, 0.021917328238487244, 0.04138863459229469, -0.022271107882261276, -0.004215375520288944, -0.025209683924913406, -0.015257779508829117, -0.005805078893899918, -0.03678150847554207, -0.023745577782392502, 0.059559259563684464, 0.05308551341295242, 0.046934183686971664, -0.003527591237798333, -0.03166979178786278, 0.041949912905693054, -0.054906781762838364, -0.011553056538105011, -0.028595754876732826, 0.06444409489631653, 0.05013290420174599, 0.03880686312913895, 0.04130614921450615, 0.016561545431613922, 0.04587416350841522, 0.03515053167939186, -0.07572805881500244, 0.04806046187877655, 0.013621749356389046, 0.011420037597417831, -0.0010613080812618136, -0.015389752574265003, 0.03236354887485504, -0.02795782871544361, 0.02393663302063942, 0.023959524929523468, 0.0213805940002203, -0.041774459183216095, -0.03316521272063255, 0.004909313749521971, 0.009223335422575474, -0.00812179408967495, 0.013453656807541847, 0.03682783618569374, -0.006898079067468643, 0.01835811324417591, 0.014515560120344162, 0.019702069461345673, -0.014874276705086231, 0.009170403704047203, 0.03203389421105385, -0.0019417142029851675, 0.004183728247880936, 0.020997479557991028, 0.023743577301502228, -0.055599644780159, -0.013541131280362606, -0.03754737228155136, 0.015223453752696514, 0.05344806984066963, -0.023243263363838196, -0.0033568507060408592, -0.035076044499874115, 0.04170846566557884, -0.02066967822611332, 0.01385977678000927, -0.01864895410835743, 0.013235565274953842, 0.014441312290728092, 0.01441105268895626, -0.026446234434843063, 0.024318212643265724, 0.10509007424116135, 0.01844615675508976, -0.005891986191272736, -0.020185574889183044, -0.006970597431063652, -0.009051021188497543, 0.013687406666576862, -0.009470696561038494, -0.00320496316999197, -0.009112260304391384, 0.0005688808741979301, 0.020506512373685837, -0.003925793804228306, -0.030282137915492058, -0.008404399268329144, 0.05738203972578049, 0.07432695478200912, 0.003670184873044491, -0.031073685735464096, 0.042191892862319946, 0.03860842436552048, 0.026902232319116592, -0.014331537298858166, -0.03288397565484047, -0.09549710899591446, 0.024531802162528038, 0.03510039672255516, 0.03304266557097435, -0.018783409148454666, -0.03676469624042511, -0.016920151188969612, -0.010358801111578941, 0.03362107649445534, -0.04397692531347275, 0.01103375107049942, -0.013985730707645416, 0.025461165234446526, -0.015318222343921661, -0.012894864194095135, -0.07129625231027603, 0.006213867571204901, -0.04274057224392891, 0.012281889095902443, -0.033565811812877655, -0.062336813658475876, -0.031006434932351112, 0.028182905167341232, -0.0024128975346684456, 0.050703149288892746, 0.0009645844693295658, -0.02677915059030056, 0.03505686670541763, 0.00744482409209013, -0.008291443809866905, -0.0465342178940773, -0.012514528818428516, 0.015529485419392586, -0.027085425332188606, 0.04550933837890625, 0.03065001592040062, -0.01906963624060154, 0.03713339567184448, -0.0041798255406320095, -0.00276717240922153, 0.01938239112496376, -0.034060269594192505, 0.0267175305634737, 0.047603294253349304, 0.005058636423200369, 0.013819688931107521, 0.05611348897218704, -0.01155239250510931, -0.007740315981209278, -0.04964720457792282, -0.0029944595880806446, 0.0003596956958062947, -0.014591428451240063, -0.06567704677581787, 0.015721125528216362, -0.007843456231057644, -0.017611393705010414, -0.01051882840692997, 0.0028342274017632008, -0.03961719572544098, 0.002763619413599372, -0.0009123027557507157, 0.04338018596172333, -0.0008220688905566931, -0.011620172299444675, 0.015698878094553947, 0.024934954941272736, -0.005289197899401188, -0.01333050150424242, 0.010956761427223682, -0.009321103803813457, -0.01116938516497612, 0.031028101220726967, -0.03494628891348839, 0.017369568347930908, 0.007375265471637249, -0.004464584402740002, 0.013571360148489475, -0.023961009457707405, 0.007761829532682896, -0.005652384366840124, 0.011134089902043343, 0.0373617522418499, -0.029738247394561768, 0.023152949288487434, 0.026316693052649498, 0.015573577024042606, 0.04995998367667198, -0.050471145659685135, 0.047314129769802094, -0.026147162541747093, -0.015616510063409805, -0.0712214782834053, -0.03142852708697319, 0.02952340617775917, 0.005152237601578236, -0.03600208833813667, -0.0709993913769722, -0.034425023943185806, -0.01570679061114788, 0.011851858347654343, 0.006114277057349682, 0.0036308621056377888, -0.014856945723295212, 0.02291986532509327, -0.012665214948356152, -0.009975860826671124, 0.07659056782722473, -0.017278289422392845, 0.02611875720322132, 0.04290533810853958, 0.016898395493626595, -0.02576303482055664, 0.04216993600130081, 0.00973774865269661, -0.03267832100391388, -0.018771570175886154, -0.0017981199780479074, 0.016665270552039146, 0.03720023110508919, -0.03446135297417641, -0.010259758681058884, -0.025986455380916595, 0.022092804312705994, 0.01779520884156227, -0.007916541770100594, 0.01983513869345188, -0.009151282720267773, -0.02088560350239277, -0.03931882977485657, -0.010343944653868675, -0.022412125021219254, -0.019282298162579536, 0.01745893992483616, -0.0012485142797231674, 0.01915317215025425, 0.03181856870651245, 0.06721732765436172, 0.0005204429035075009, -0.02431042678654194, -0.018629567697644234, 0.0027413752395659685, 0.04304352402687073, 0.01081760972738266, -0.008884879760444164, 0.02035696990787983, 0.02255934663116932, -0.05656279996037483, -0.035988837480545044, -0.03133203834295273, -0.042978040874004364, 0.03375649079680443, -0.025123827159404755, 0.048286743462085724, 0.01772896572947502, 0.019632423296570778, 0.003663267008960247, -0.02490612491965294, -0.0066653345711529255, 0.03667834401130676, 0.03569640591740608, 0.03984793275594711, 0.006151542998850346, -0.0180287417024374, 0.002615902340039611, 0.012696306221187115, 0.054894667118787766, 0.055329784750938416, -0.020080242305994034, 0.005860534962266684, 0.017152639105916023, -0.041316643357276917, -0.03585967421531677, 0.004515805281698704, 0.01437348872423172, 0.010720409452915192, -0.01665409654378891, -0.036963824182748795, 0.03394358605146408, 0.016327280551195145, 0.010962487198412418, -0.009921638295054436, -0.01844708062708378, -0.056191928684711456, -0.052411969751119614, 0.028189126402139664, -0.0035278049763292074, 0.029004966840147972, 0.01477150246500969, 0.00268333638086915, -0.002934743883088231, 0.03336241841316223, -0.03233496844768524, -0.06784118711948395, -0.015719793736934662, -0.0087061682716012, -0.03784811869263649, 0.016239257529377937, -0.0029981175903230906, -0.019520746544003487, 0.01323089562356472, -0.040573444217443466, 0.03311740607023239, -0.004293476231396198, 0.03729095682501793, 0.008544298820197582, 0.06150708347558975, -0.006883637979626656, -0.013852465897798538, -0.019957931712269783, -0.01214327197521925, 0.12090730667114258, 0.06860216706991196, 0.04204419255256653, -0.08382146805524826, -0.009132889099419117, -0.007121092174202204, -0.056373804807662964, -0.0317474827170372, -0.007696608547121286, 0.018589170649647713, -0.01218747440725565, 0.034927550703287125, 0.03866998106241226, 0.005087117198854685, 0.006347086280584335, 0.025608062744140625, -0.029800832271575928, -0.01901516504585743, 0.02491828426718712, 0.010493493638932705, -0.015187651850283146, -0.029085807502269745, -0.0666012316942215, 0.025342408567667007, 0.009402051568031311, -0.03909558430314064, -0.04815493896603584, -0.026088587939739227, -0.0016087004914879799, 0.01621299609541893, -0.029957052320241928, 0.0002909228496719152, -0.011761379428207874, 0.017947010695934296, 0.0025531125720590353, 0.017008008435368538, 0.028675613924860954, 0.006682262290269136, -0.008604933507740498, 0.037086714059114456, -0.0021776752546429634, -0.01016245037317276, -0.006280513014644384, -0.010843543335795403, -0.015421687625348568, -0.05091763660311699, -0.044460080564022064, 0.03924296796321869, 0.02165175974369049, -0.007304368540644646, 0.030360018834471703, 0.0253850519657135, -0.01933373138308525, -0.0202875304967165, 0.0003309393650852144, 0.04227493330836296, 0.029145684093236923, 0.006282099522650242, -0.018102172762155533, -0.010324090719223022, 0.02312801033258438, -0.004163756966590881, 0.03828057274222374, 0.026001691818237305, -0.020815052092075348, 0.0009600708726793528, -0.016964834183454514, 0.06853324919939041, -0.022353678941726685, -0.005162125453352928, 0.043336473405361176, -0.03702063858509064, -0.013859258033335209, -0.04483896121382713, 0.038428403437137604, -0.0002584554604254663, -0.010200806893408298, 0.004302062559872866, -0.024684874340891838, -0.010922183282673359, -0.03288519009947777, 0.0159061960875988, -0.04529571160674095, -0.01722993142902851, -0.06669405847787857, 0.01556459441781044, 0.05659714713692665, 0.03342755511403084, 0.04026070982217789, 0.008170048706233501, -0.033308569341897964, 0.030495284125208855, -0.0038337206933647394, -0.07675137370824814, -0.0733385980129242, 0.012987513095140457, -0.03516620025038719, 0.004184591118246317, 0.02057419717311859, 0.08357477933168411, 0.013886851258575916, 0.023355193436145782, 0.012755917385220528, 0.017998000606894493, -0.01714538224041462, 0.002094518393278122, -0.03091416507959366, -0.017154093831777573, -0.01262446865439415, -0.007524574641138315, -0.0108562633395195, -0.07411352545022964, 0.014626243151724339, -0.057651061564683914, -0.04453282058238983, 0.016247795894742012, -0.005938895978033543, -0.014820300973951817, 0.03862461447715759, -0.004314812365919352, -0.03740188479423523, -0.06626149266958237, 0.03380296379327774, -0.01288608368486166, -0.03119760937988758, -0.060877688229084015, -0.049702830612659454, -0.01374721061438322, -0.03728696331381798, -0.05119932442903519, 0.009449617937207222, 0.06026236712932587, 0.022137142717838287, 0.027708830311894417, -0.007536743767559528, 0.005964937154203653, -0.005992460064589977, 0.042701926082372665, -0.06783030927181244, -0.021838868036866188, 0.021727249026298523, -0.061495933681726456, -0.035838883370161057, 0.0088988421484828, -0.01994776912033558, 0.0224224254488945, -0.0040310523472726345, 0.037079181522130966, -0.023321501910686493, 0.07252456992864609, -0.013646627776324749, 0.014018578454852104, -0.0376797579228878, -0.006616171915084124, 0.02342456765472889, 0.008281019516289234, -0.01963651552796364, 0.01719651371240616, -0.006033345125615597, 0.05440244451165199, 0.03984130918979645, -0.009542250074446201, 0.00957789272069931, 0.02702753245830536, -0.006210620980709791, 0.0064474232494831085, -0.00042832817416638136, -0.021540271118283272, 0.040315721184015274, 0.03388172760605812, -0.026298100128769875, 0.0022381674498319626, -0.024101564660668373, 0.022942455485463142, -0.06830846518278122, -0.0006067409412935376, -0.030265547335147858, -0.009523939341306686, 0.027179285883903503, -0.059410210698843, 0.02125542052090168, 0.01631024293601513, -0.014266609214246273, -0.01259156595915556, 0.012393592856824398, -0.00022161849483381957, -0.005572498310357332, 0.03220324218273163, -0.0007584957056678832, 0.020141828805208206, 0.05646891891956329, 0.04271472617983818, 0.045423153787851334, -0.02404756471514702, 0.009219802916049957, -0.05037502199411392, -0.009584387764334679, 0.022983616217970848, -0.0099290506914258, -0.062488313764333725, 0.030696481466293335, -0.04109622910618782, -0.018032256513834, 0.020437439903616905, -0.03865379840135574, 0.038996871560811996, 0.031554870307445526, 0.02921757660806179, -0.00812151376157999, 0.06673020124435425, 0.013680118136107922, -0.024366730824112892, -0.02377612516283989, 0.033071670681238174, -0.001961313420906663, 0.031385768204927444, -0.017052555456757545, 0.06838944554328918, 0.005532270297408104, -0.0007316481787711382, 0.0022777945268899202, -0.013857507146894932, 0.003218907630071044, 0.005751574877649546, -0.005979589186608791, -0.017094645649194717, 0.011968163773417473, -0.035998858511447906, 0.005249861162155867, -0.03939156234264374, 0.016672730445861816, 0.038028936833143234, 0.027423473075032234, -0.028542805463075638, -0.014972354285418987, 0.00972041953355074, -0.037697240710258484, -0.019968181848526, 0.011721127666532993, 0.015424237586557865, -0.020929384976625443, -0.04161206632852554, -0.020478123798966408, -0.025099320337176323, 0.011511612683534622, 0.0046260724775493145, -0.012459110468626022, 0.044190213084220886, -0.030388351529836655, -0.009143850766122341, 0.05972190946340561, 0.005241330247372389, 0.007807966321706772, -0.09282179921865463, 0.08178699761629105, -0.011305954307317734, -0.013709019869565964, -0.02554970234632492, -0.03420260176062584, -0.02651418372988701, 0.02395755611360073, 0.04316972941160202, -0.01772955432534218, -0.0006859413697384298, -0.05112779885530472, 0.027870262041687965, -0.009791577234864235, -0.04143018275499344, 0.03358365222811699, -0.0004770777595695108, -0.04650913178920746, 0.026446256786584854, 0.008753389120101929, -0.014285446144640446, 0.008357305079698563, 0.021508285775780678, -0.005936458241194487, -0.0024098206777125597, -0.013379694893956184, -0.060928456485271454, 0.00355201936326921, 0.009544851258397102, -0.03486053645610809, 0.029759086668491364, 0.0204267967492342, -0.013226345181465149, 0.06562698632478714, 0.007572021801024675, -0.060469191521406174, -0.010563208721578121, -0.054324209690093994, -0.011844053864479065, -0.0053330836817622185, -0.025405794382095337, 0.028659773990511894, -0.06639167666435242, 0.0007583122351206839, 0.019751541316509247, -0.020786045119166374, -0.045267824083566666, 0.023853527382016182, 0.04177563264966011, 0.04237791523337364, -0.027195299044251442, 0.02430148795247078, 0.012921007350087166, -0.013612481765449047, 0.00968081597238779, -0.02898845076560974, 0.01876804232597351, 0.007757204119116068, 0.012561926618218422, 0.027898471802473068, 0.006928291637450457, 0.026133539155125618, -0.02351544424891472, 0.060616809874773026, -0.00026779138715937734, -0.025274058803915977, 0.003971804399043322, -0.031892236322164536, 0.025076694786548615, 0.01061378326267004, -0.026538060978055, 0.06298869848251343, -0.042787790298461914, -0.0029326609801501036, -0.029928194358944893, -0.04171982780098915, -0.01962561160326004, 0.012613167054951191, -0.02009245567023754, 0.01679919846355915, -0.03146876022219658, -0.0031351917423307896, 0.025857942178845406, -0.011833219788968563, 0.040418367832899094, -0.0005848580040037632, -0.016474999487400055, -0.015033836476504803, 0.010342702269554138, 0.019092239439487457, -0.016148032620549202, -0.01604415476322174, 0.02087593637406826, 0.04981765151023865, 0.03659943863749504, -0.009693548083305359, -0.042911674827337265, 0.0047028325498104095, -0.031038016080856323, 0.060963768512010574, -0.0905226543545723, 0.002907139016315341, -0.0521334744989872, -0.004876589402556419, 0.003352452302351594, -0.04541310667991638 ]
<p>If one-third of the persons donating blood at a clinic have a O+ blood, find the probability that the 5th O+ donor is the fourth donor of the day.</p>
74,080
[ -0.03043912537395954, -0.04800007864832878, 0.018193917348980904, 0.008058492094278336, 0.06771127134561539, 0.0015366297448053956, 0.006973524112254381, -0.0033839771058410406, 0.020547041669487953, 0.013660736382007599, 0.054455555975437164, 0.011622334830462933, 0.039128728210926056, 0.025754710659384727, 0.010097328573465347, 0.001069361693225801, -0.0035028825514018536, 0.0021060120780020952, -0.006145380437374115, 0.017793193459510803, 0.015743756666779518, 0.008981125429272652, 0.036859724670648575, -0.019337525591254234, -0.062440529465675354, 0.04045945778489113, 0.025411684066057205, -0.02082797884941101, 0.012439558282494545, 0.078279510140419, -0.062340326607227325, -0.036534685641527176, 0.051319170743227005, 0.07733148336410522, 0.03396730497479439, 0.03604147955775261, -0.012859650887548923, 0.011923723854124546, -0.01771310344338417, 0.020774299278855324, -0.03671262040734291, -0.0058685606345534325, -0.038673244416713715, 0.005463707260787487, -0.004079089500010014, 0.032017096877098083, -0.0009898003190755844, -0.02281779982149601, 0.026448359712958336, -0.05089559406042099, 0.08157370239496231, -0.03560636192560196, 0.029554901644587517, -0.02478902041912079, -0.017532311379909515, -0.011696145869791508, 0.029422996565699577, 0.09504622220993042, 0.02906927652657032, -0.01720326766371727, -0.020100252702832222, 0.006706464570015669, 0.005032672081142664, 0.0038276128470897675, -0.014771714806556702, 0.008442423306405544, -0.005662417039275169, -0.0026878772769123316, 0.03403822332620621, -0.005689449142664671, 0.01098412461578846, 0.0376305915415287, 0.049780428409576416, -0.01740073412656784, -0.004286746494472027, 0.0027080595027655363, -0.00046022352762520313, -0.021728137508034706, 0.05235933139920235, 0.013631299138069153, -0.017756439745426178, -0.0015351733891293406, 0.03822317346930504, 0.028598077595233917, 0.03194281831383705, -0.07589584589004517, 0.0496116578578949, -0.007809269241988659, 0.0039470866322517395, 0.01624300703406334, -0.029432859271764755, 0.013216017745435238, 0.027393963187932968, 0.002421466400846839, -0.04000729322433472, 0.047993484884500504, -0.031453315168619156, 0.037618815898895264, -0.0015030287904664874, 0.023692835122346878, 0.012909681536257267, -0.04593472555279732, -0.02304700016975403, 0.06931641697883606, -0.02947297692298889, -0.016387850046157837, -0.038443248718976974, -0.016795670613646507, -0.0029041203670203686, 0.015934964641928673, -0.02220664918422699, 0.008936189115047455, 0.0468161404132843, -0.015480178408324718, -0.0016141944797709584, -0.03664347156882286, -0.002890873234719038, -0.0025680435355752707, 0.058049291372299194, 0.038341157138347626, 0.021342668682336807, -0.013309489004313946, 0.0193167831748724, -0.009784772992134094, -0.021030467003583908, -0.006494445726275444, 0.00043830162030644715, -0.012343090027570724, -0.004605419002473354, 0.027037447318434715, 0.0026492830365896225, -0.033684127032756805, 0.0269449632614851, 0.016730817034840584, 0.04961257427930832, -0.040964215993881226, -0.06789200007915497, -0.012506606057286263, 0.03892858698964119, -0.032762352377176285, -0.028703199699521065, -0.05326993390917778, -0.001935733831487596, 0.0042770495638251305, 0.017462914809584618, -0.005300718825310469, 0.019404303282499313, 0.02329660765826702, 0.018639493733644485, 0.030590351670980453, -0.011072688736021519, 0.019024422392249107, -0.04301609843969345, -0.019253509119153023, -0.005436329171061516, -0.08256112784147263, -0.00203014281578362, 0.0014642240712419152, -0.0045947483740746975, -0.045622389763593674, 0.04043719917535782, -0.008520929142832756, -0.020137475803494453, 0.020337684080004692, 0.0015555904246866703, -0.014856932684779167, 0.03290735185146332, -0.003750512609258294, -0.005377765279263258, 0.0206411425024271, -0.011977762915194035, 0.05017973110079765, 0.0019317669793963432, 0.03764927387237549, 0.029727421700954437, -0.03882649540901184, -0.02855304442346096, -0.025706101208925247, 0.0105829369276762, 0.0027737112250179052, 0.002398968208581209, 0.003480797866359353, -0.026638519018888474, 0.010167142376303673, 0.009682427160441875, -0.00910663977265358, 0.05026358738541603, -0.027019787579774857, 0.01395826879888773, -0.056116655468940735, -0.015653252601623535, -0.06065037474036217, -0.01175781525671482, 0.03746522590517998, -0.022244803607463837, -0.01909266784787178, 0.022575652226805687, 0.046576887369155884, -0.02250824309885502, -0.02796165831387043, -0.05105610936880112, 0.0004628119640983641, 0.04965469613671303, -0.031889449805021286, 0.012752452865242958, 0.09695126116275787, 0.06724125146865845, -0.007863332517445087, 0.029843058437108994, -0.04086802527308464, -0.02131398394703865, -0.003375605447217822, -0.010171346366405487, 0.05432852357625961, -0.04721710830926895, 0.024525023996829987, 0.011264842934906483, 0.016533954069018364, 0.0022708838805556297, 0.044315073639154434, -0.05355588346719742, 0.019268933683633804, 0.038319822400808334, 0.012912169098854065, 0.0012192624853923917, 0.00179221760481596, 0.014737900346517563, -0.01680057682096958, 0.026466187089681625, -0.05340127646923065, -0.05876613035798073, 0.017081134021282196, 0.048995036631822586, -0.003757376689463854, -0.027910053730010986, 0.016887376084923744, 0.044012341648340225, 0.046837542206048965, -0.009787236340343952, 0.020170049741864204, -0.005320409312844276, -0.01345880702137947, -0.033867090940475464, -0.005190449766814709, -0.006415233016014099, 0.015614708885550499, 0.003983097150921822, -0.04199323058128357, 0.026571426540613174, -0.007208928000181913, -0.03960087522864342, -0.001141630345955491, -0.010236932896077633, 0.03253014758229256, -0.00028860094607807696, -0.0010092059383168817, 0.033604979515075684, -0.009629221633076668, -0.015829551964998245, 0.053755685687065125, 0.006130771245807409, 0.029763219878077507, 0.022620759904384613, -0.05576450377702713, 0.011388870887458324, 0.001910036546178162, -0.04788997396826744, 0.0012498548021540046, 0.03359862416982651, -0.016887886449694633, -0.00011624403850873932, -0.029488209635019302, -0.0028037438169121742, 0.012412359938025475, 0.00937558151781559, -0.010944101959466934, -0.01234949380159378, 0.04846134036779404, -0.029197849333286285, -0.02807586081326008, 0.0031473911367356777, -0.005379084497690201, 0.00751121062785387, 0.008129246532917023, -0.08829931914806366, 0.012476841919124126, -0.01675763539969921, -0.04906843230128288, 0.020206205546855927, 0.005849182605743408, -0.018026523292064667, 0.04363810271024704, 0.03429689258337021, -0.014306505210697651, 0.0068467422388494015, 0.006585507187992334, 0.02691592648625374, -0.024085048586130142, 0.03561541438102722, 0.010961953550577164, 0.0006387689500115812, -0.042414452880620956, 0.012552211992442608, -0.042853303253650665, -0.023901019245386124, -0.00976052600890398, 0.004447575192898512, 0.0010219633113592863, -0.0261908657848835, 0.04024473577737808, -0.003314620116725564, -0.00623250612989068, 0.011682283133268356, -0.04117801785469055, -0.0523059219121933, -0.007342877797782421, -0.02819143608212471, 0.05143020674586296, 0.00077935861190781, -0.0036898974794894457, 0.010399906896054745, 0.0390995629131794, -0.06675830483436584, 0.003407825483009219, -0.007974877022206783, -0.0545312762260437, -0.002543528564274311, 0.052882589399814606, 0.024396121501922607, -0.0076277852058410645, 0.00431424705311656, 0.02420620433986187, 0.017434434965252876, 0.08073633164167404, 0.01978151500225067, -0.024276921525597572, 0.035797908902168274, -0.0001351696701021865, 0.009964831173419952, 0.005822381936013699, -0.006466757506132126, -0.042001452296972275, 0.027338681742548943, -0.019898317754268646, 0.013646752573549747, 0.01601152867078781, -0.02788226678967476, 0.022126514464616776, 0.008399819023907185, 0.006031278986483812, -0.02369745634496212, 0.05395153537392616, 0.022096067667007446, -0.01377691701054573, 0.00006775768270017579, 0.005483055487275124, 0.04634396731853485, -0.024567250162363052, 0.016934316605329514, 0.0560668483376503, 0.03624795004725456, -0.03552820533514023, -0.04574842005968094, -0.03694150969386101, -0.01836017146706581, -0.006545530632138252, -0.025283332914114, -0.0322832390666008, 0.0412716269493103, 0.06560226529836655, -0.021936867386102676, -0.008965649642050266, -0.026837386190891266, -0.010115580633282661, -0.07907935976982117, -0.026124347001314163, 0.00984926801174879, -0.0011389272985979915, 0.00505409762263298, 0.07142580300569534, 0.007585924584418535, 0.008215956389904022, -0.010300184600055218, 0.014550277963280678, -0.06757885962724686, 0.034324150532484055, -0.00035801809281110764, 0.03953380137681961, -0.003564060665667057, 0.010007853619754314, 0.0191465113312006, 0.006229225546121597, -0.04812956601381302, -0.02124178037047386, -0.007609794847667217, -0.008048112504184246, 0.027974389493465424, 0.010431080125272274, 0.0012072414392605424, -0.019761186093091965, 0.0035668788477778435, 0.03027361072599888, 0.0552922785282135, 0.07033783942461014, 0.0520482063293457, 0.024919135496020317, -0.0006371135241352022, -0.02888905070722103, 0.030689647421240807, 0.028957534581422806, 0.04052746295928955, -0.01184777356684208, 0.026597822085022926, -0.029832616448402405, 0.00787180196493864, -0.04115119203925133, 0.025492772459983826, 0.02765427529811859, 0.0074670640751719475, 0.0008244395721703768, -0.06708713620901108, -0.024005524814128876, 0.0069876196794211864, 0.017881490290164948, -0.02603309042751789, 0.034835267812013626, 0.05282213166356087, -0.006928801536560059, -0.03234713524580002, -0.002930870046839118, 0.08265193551778793, 0.0014201933518052101, -0.04915397986769676, -0.0375213548541069, 0.004304840229451656, -0.02717292122542858, -0.003000750904902816, -0.006803596392273903, 0.00895512755960226, -0.01563670113682747, -0.023515749722719193, 0.011000554077327251, 0.026466207578778267, 0.02391708455979824, -0.034665945917367935, -0.024428602308034897, 0.0014084238791838288, 0.012468869797885418, -0.021924497559666634, -0.009648029692471027, 0.0404314287006855, 0.029387982562184334, 0.02725592441856861, -0.009424773044884205, -0.06647331267595291, -0.0051751285791397095, 0.03750326856970787, 0.07507944107055664, -0.014242301695048809, 0.024778146296739578, -0.04369717836380005, 0.03633008524775505, 0.05631626769900322, -0.049451425671577454, 0.030432652682065964, -0.018727850168943405, 0.005410384852439165, -0.01394704170525074, -0.035329028964042664, -0.05299306660890579, 0.013235960155725479, -0.021775003522634506, -0.00646809209138155, 0.006015971302986145, 0.0021194678265601397, -0.06583665311336517, 0.02207764983177185, 0.035564590245485306, 0.06044229865074158, -0.009347449988126755, -0.01696173846721649, -0.014147017151117325, 0.039817653596401215, -0.06653281301259995, -0.05447276681661606, -0.00030309573048725724, 0.0015852573560550809, -0.023536941036581993, 0.0114144841209054, -0.03384493291378021, -0.03336956724524498, -0.0330357551574707, -0.021147599443793297, -0.026383766904473305, 0.004384635481983423, -0.04803340882062912, 0.017941152676939964, 0.020624356344342232, -0.011351529508829117, 0.0834287479519844, 0.04550475627183914, -0.01255718618631363, -0.008836949244141579, -0.016748659312725067, 0.01508540753275156, 0.025983884930610657, 0.02299809269607067, 0.03445425257086754, -0.007587939966470003, -0.0017434481997042894, 0.006068147718906403, -0.030614107847213745, 0.012888171710073948, 0.009633809328079224, 0.007972459308803082, -0.03205793723464012, -0.024942243471741676, -0.03271254524588585, -0.0008243710617534816, -0.010685576125979424, -0.00581576069816947, 0.0019430838292464614, -0.004696324933320284, 0.06359712779521942, -0.028556087985634804, 0.0051427241414785385, -0.014962681569159031, -0.02564306929707527, -0.009421569295227528, -0.040848225355148315, -0.03481678292155266, 0.02203543856739998, -0.031789567321538925, 0.012903913855552673, -0.03000563010573387, 0.03148810192942619, 0.009377391077578068, -0.021937040612101555, -0.0641997754573822, 0.05405477434396744, -0.01678197830915451, 0.022113075479865074, 0.0028286513406783342, 0.04832161217927933, 0.0066165379248559475, -0.00039836554788053036, -0.09932464361190796, -0.030571330338716507, 0.020166516304016113, 0.013605955056846142, -0.04417043924331665, -0.05526633933186531, -0.025518124923110008, -0.01517584826797247, -0.04907577484846115, -0.02145303599536419, 0.048727184534072876, -0.025672225281596184, 0.005414655897766352, -0.041434936225414276, -0.016228199005126953, 0.07275417447090149, -0.004763111472129822, -0.0156630240380764, -0.012002679519355297, -0.028854714706540108, -0.01557101309299469, -0.04521705210208893, -0.017393000423908234, -0.03223130479454994, -0.010066451504826546, 0.033191267400979996, 0.018969150260090828, 0.0118173286318779, -0.043923910707235336, -0.030098136514425278, 0.04267866536974907, 0.01962369866669178, -0.00837572943419218, -0.023412303999066353, 0.022421978414058685, 0.02618943713605404, 0.05030384659767151, -0.0013112742453813553, 0.014574272558093071, -0.007323911413550377, -0.044661421328783035, -0.0014590708306059241, 0.022301185876131058, -0.0011335051385685802, 0.034355077892541885, 0.05088210105895996, -0.015285762026906013, 0.00497770681977272, 0.014457031153142452, -0.009717411361634731, 0.03295166790485382, -0.007383700925856829, -0.00638301856815815, -0.023157645016908646, 0.0008917002123780549, -0.04836900532245636, -0.025181986391544342, -0.02517104148864746, -0.018387166783213615, 0.013852342031896114, 0.0008219805895350873, 0.005804541986435652, 0.032002829015254974, 0.03280486539006233, -0.0088553661480546, 0.021706167608499527, -0.004891387652605772, 0.01284512598067522, -0.0029195756651461124, -0.00030587316723540425, -0.0010601634858176112, -0.00430148933082819, 0.040052175521850586, 0.028589781373739243, 0.004975724034011364, 0.054167892783880234, 0.0626668930053711, -0.008537326008081436, 0.04925330728292465, -0.013497627340257168, -0.051393620669841766, 0.008403685875236988, -0.03987007215619087, 0.03975815325975418, -0.03931678086519241, -0.05498528853058815, 0.0764511451125145, -0.04613322392106056, -0.019109278917312622, -0.03512701764702797, -0.014683684334158897, -0.020189758390188217, -0.019796479493379593, 0.01825474575161934, 0.024958156049251556, 0.011846501380205154, 0.01360559742897749, 0.04921046271920204, 0.007409227546304464, 0.015330594033002853, -0.025201596319675446, -0.0573267862200737, -0.015151155181229115, 0.01230123545974493, -0.06787747889757156, 0.01725948043167591, 0.003515213495120406, -0.029063105583190918, -0.01190100982785225, 0.013781988061964512, 0.017029916867613792, 0.023149145767092705, 0.06594312936067581, -0.005357039626687765, 0.03568616136908531, 0.03129952773451805, 0.0012090185191482306, -0.011371050961315632, 0.00003355368608026765, 0.1418025940656662, 0.08217357844114304, 0.021527282893657684, -0.06355426460504532, 0.02398870512843132, -0.029903827235102654, 0.024425314739346504, -0.021815892308950424, 0.038403529673814774, -0.020307429134845734, -0.02863364666700363, 0.0496983639895916, 0.0517292357981205, -0.009041549637913704, 0.02620302326977253, 0.04624404013156891, -0.03844616934657097, -0.07219129800796509, 0.011720909737050533, 0.019708989188075066, 0.007395994383841753, 0.018969597294926643, -0.0638662725687027, 0.03580317273736, 0.014673780649900436, -0.03295142576098442, -0.052705321460962296, -0.03842717036604881, 0.005752619821578264, -0.03442274034023285, -0.016308283433318138, 0.01244458369910717, 0.0031357172410935163, -0.006981634069234133, -0.030301261693239212, 0.0021925249602645636, 0.02639596536755562, -0.05896783992648125, 0.016332577913999557, 0.013511651195585728, 0.028553670272231102, 0.012064322829246521, 0.017556261271238327, 0.04248691722750664, -0.05665416270494461, -0.005524857901036739, -0.028192343190312386, -0.0072079915553331375, -0.017681056633591652, 0.00035350737744010985, -0.02457384578883648, 0.0018800076795741916, -0.006669594440609217, -0.06317052245140076, -0.07109156996011734, 0.008049283176660538, 0.031567610800266266, -0.018671849742531776, -0.022187039256095886, -0.0027162141632288694, 0.02798112854361534, 0.004601888824254274, 0.03266480565071106, 0.002589833689853549, 0.007821246981620789, -0.021121032536029816, -0.009623834863305092, 0.0033512648660689592, -0.005708609241992235, 0.0068238419480621815, -0.015395363792777061, 0.02728511579334736, -0.03020065277814865, 0.03983112797141075, -0.024882417172193527, -0.024248579517006874, 0.046275824308395386, -0.004103351850062609, -0.0151014793664217, 0.011655930429697037, -0.044930193573236465, -0.004467325285077095, 0.006524307187646627, -0.023053715005517006, -0.040085893124341965, 0.026344571262598038, 0.004992838948965073, 0.03404001146554947, 0.01888425648212433, 0.025827564299106598, -0.03225328400731087, 0.05869435891509056, 0.0014850758016109467, -0.041196588426828384, -0.02485533431172371, -0.02985844761133194, -0.013550653122365475, -0.03944092616438866, -0.022118069231510162, 0.05797829478979111, 0.009078086353838444, 0.02455180510878563, 0.023195533081889153, -0.005061753559857607, -0.01771053858101368, 0.03690065070986748, -0.011582976207137108, -0.0418415367603302, -0.0343843512237072, 0.007704318501055241, 0.009023820050060749, -0.04108550772070885, -0.023744232952594757, -0.002125950763002038, 0.005956076551228762, 0.03770763799548149, -0.03032735548913479, -0.05776410177350044, -0.039776552468538284, -0.008226706646382809, 0.0559273287653923, 0.03028687834739685, 0.013496370054781437, -0.013412980362772942, 0.017094001173973083, -0.018003379926085472, -0.015010342001914978, 0.0134524405002594, 0.03170093894004822, 0.016306106001138687, 0.03458420932292938, 0.010784945450723171, -0.017188280820846558, 0.013494251295924187, -0.010377234779298306, 0.05290817469358444, 0.018418990075588226, 0.03964466229081154, -0.0074450671672821045, 0.011913983151316643, 0.04046262428164482, -0.06996464729309082, -0.022159846499562263, 0.03486897423863411, 0.016041258350014687, 0.047794047743082047, 0.018385713919997215, -0.03238394483923912, 0.014579798094928265, 0.014719868078827858, -0.05937337502837181, -0.020973557606339455, 0.005699344910681248, 0.02506319433450699, 0.033263638615608215, 0.02586732991039753, -0.06304392218589783, 0.05212680995464325, -0.019728071987628937, 0.016287503764033318, 0.04578685015439987, -0.021128427237272263, -0.007963208481669426, 0.014746315777301788, 0.026051340624690056, 0.006863563321530819, 0.01796550117433071, 0.007938037626445293, 0.0070237061008811, 0.05561818554997444, -0.018632903695106506, 0.059051405638456345, -0.029557732865214348, -0.004045884124934673, -0.10150618851184845, -0.03595916926860809, -0.005095167085528374, -0.008486144244670868, 0.06981496512889862, -0.030141815543174744, -0.004529393278062344, 0.04591746628284454, -0.06401146203279495, 0.011561930179595947, 0.016508406028151512, -0.020183881744742393, -0.04876904934644699, 0.034166548401117325, -0.02362682670354843, 0.023674376308918, 0.043734144419431686, 0.007547952700406313, 0.017392145469784737, 0.00445109698921442, 0.007979145273566246, -0.05069028586149216, -0.018857726827263832, 0.052333008497953415, -0.005960032343864441, -0.0422825813293457, 0.04779960215091705, 0.005067031364887953, -0.018292846158146858, 0.032445259392261505, 0.015303068794310093, 0.027412770316004753, 0.007514494471251965, 0.013509580865502357, 0.020521482452750206, 0.05593973770737648, 0.004871675744652748, 0.0034144765231758356, -0.010123121552169323, 0.00942063145339489, 0.017308514565229416, 0.01879837177693844, -0.0157576072961092, 0.01027687732130289, 0.06814160197973251, -0.017371859401464462, -0.04320420324802399, 0.009045868180692196, 0.052733808755874634, -0.00542063545435667, -0.008080200292170048, -0.018125193193554878, 0.01241891086101532, -0.011515653692185879, 0.009164081886410713, -0.04481923580169678, 0.016125766560435295, 0.05993848666548729, -0.009710916317999363, 0.007255110889673233, -0.026019569486379623, -0.013460428453981876, -0.01279294304549694, -0.005817175842821598, -0.008497907780110836, -0.012271048501133919, -0.016978465020656586, 0.03239443153142929, -0.012206003069877625, -0.03693174943327904, 0.01938740909099579, -0.034786634147167206, -0.009987876750528812, 0.03082248382270336, 0.01952826976776123, 0.023830600082874298, 0.003750541480258107, 0.003507950808852911, -0.010379951447248459, -0.056925367563962936, 0.0589090920984745, 0.012650839984416962, 0.011861332692205906, -0.06968371570110321, -0.03016546368598938, -0.03247993066906929, 0.031959254294633865, 0.06394893676042557, 0.03975177928805351, -0.03166034072637558, -0.028644297271966934, 0.011057703755795956, 0.029593193903565407, -0.03446128964424133, 0.006858269218355417, 0.0059684766456484795, 0.019447851926088333, -0.03495293855667114, -0.0002816010673996061, 0.014462089166045189, -0.023365020751953125, -0.036675069481134415, -0.005755532532930374, -0.013409556820988655, -0.023069731891155243, 0.008799674920737743, -0.007525527384132147, 0.012678279541432858, -0.05278884992003441, 0.05727579444646835, -0.019480548799037933, -0.0025379604194313288, 0.013138977810740471, -0.010421407409012318, -0.07177159935235977, 0.013320136815309525, -0.03299017995595932, -0.011881859973073006, -0.000048376285121776164, -0.009589269757270813, 0.023181473836302757, -0.06796173751354218, -0.007075363304466009, 0.03817211836576462, -0.03877628222107887, 0.011838097125291824, 0.04625134915113449, 0.024775104597210884, 0.04131854325532913, -0.009472616016864777, -0.005424655042588711, -0.017506394535303116, -0.008274989202618599, -0.02639579214155674, -0.02331133559346199, -0.021051593124866486, -0.014084073714911938, 0.02500884421169758, 0.0019139297073706985, 0.02303403802216053, -0.006063001696020365, 0.029743053019046783, -0.018733736127614975, -0.024846075102686882, -0.020221741870045662, 0.017590707167983055, -0.024602670222520828, 0.04472794383764267, 0.024451788514852524, 0.023026535287499428, 0.0626162588596344, -0.04713880643248558, 0.028789283707737923, -0.03254247456789017, 0.0028022851329296827, -0.0438423678278923, -0.026737645268440247, 0.018801700323820114, 0.020042669028043747, -0.03206253796815872, -0.009482212364673615, -0.006694065872579813, 0.016612662002444267, 0.031638532876968384, -0.053525108844041824, 0.037049442529678345, 0.0019372861133888364, 0.004000057931989431, -0.015763992443680763, 0.009427318349480629, -0.004585607443004847, -0.0048828390426933765, -0.02330600470304489, 0.06331665813922882, 0.026934953406453133, 0.024418529123067856, 0.004195811692625284, -0.0046448661014437675, 0.05388256534934044, -0.023064512759447098, -0.023890694603323936, -0.0451502688229084, 0.03712591156363487, -0.005568989552557468, -0.01794469729065895 ]
<p>I am trying to fit the different variables types and measurement levels into some logic, like a tree diagram, and I am not sure about some things. On one hand, you have <strong>quantitative</strong> variable vs. <strong>qualitative</strong>. For a quantitative, you have <strong>continuous</strong> or <strong>discrete</strong>. On the other hand, you have <strong>nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio</strong>. It's easy to say that qualitative can be either nominal or ordinal. But what about quantitative ? Does interval and ratio must be continuous ? How do I classify ? Can I say for example that quantitative must be discrete or continuous and if continuous either interval or ratio ? what is the correct way to build this diagram ?</p>
36,732
[ -0.03029704838991165, -0.012063140980899334, -0.01484078448265791, -0.00017077104712370783, 0.03378570079803467, 0.04270728677511215, 0.02420204132795334, -0.02438000589609146, 0.026916490867733955, 0.0062278867699205875, 0.03455659747123718, 0.0021443332079797983, 0.03132043406367302, 0.01141765620559454, 0.023087862879037857, -0.0035275768022984266, 0.00809056032449007, -0.0060019283555448055, -0.014979027211666107, 0.009532749652862549, -0.015177415683865547, 0.020073208957910538, 0.034774769097566605, 0.002997147850692272, -0.015581462532281876, 0.04588645324110985, 0.012698309496045113, 0.014130791649222374, 0.019673587754368782, 0.01705172471702099, 0.014258749783039093, -0.043301403522491455, -0.011639955453574657, 0.014818607829511166, -0.00017008974100463092, -0.008413588628172874, -0.04085017740726471, 0.01903560757637024, -0.0454583503305912, -0.0037688857410103083, -0.04639634117484093, -0.005339395720511675, -0.014601115137338638, 0.034765686839818954, -0.04942429065704346, -0.011808384209871292, 0.02772499807178974, -0.018491460010409355, 0.03200950473546982, -0.046889591962099075, 0.06254503130912781, -0.012155954726040363, 0.0859021320939064, 0.07356757670640945, -0.008080371655523777, -0.014621335081756115, 0.0809810683131218, 0.06941074877977371, -0.06780430674552917, -0.026457400992512703, -0.03597617149353027, -0.041670359671115875, 0.023479029536247253, -0.01387470867484808, -0.0191376730799675, 0.04071423411369324, -0.007365068420767784, -0.015361517667770386, 0.017293594777584076, 0.023984430357813835, -0.012067057192325592, 0.02842058055102825, 0.0473606213927269, 0.002502969466149807, 0.014078465290367603, -0.03994009643793106, 0.04084034264087677, 0.02679135464131832, 0.06354381144046783, 0.03592633083462715, 0.016253815963864326, 0.025008266791701317, -0.016821764409542084, 0.01931556686758995, -0.0009442661539651453, -0.03814039006829262, 0.07005948573350906, -0.006161427590996027, -0.01669551432132721, 0.0019732678774744272, -0.019112886860966682, 0.006159302778542042, 0.003938399720937014, 0.012075111269950867, -0.03521663695573807, 0.03913494199514389, -0.007477409206330776, 0.010793632827699184, -0.0008493369678035378, 0.008604512549936771, 0.016794374212622643, -0.026784896850585938, 0.04877378046512604, 0.05949542671442032, -0.03742806240916252, 0.01915276236832142, -0.03159487619996071, 0.01387725118547678, -0.012343276292085648, -0.01081057358533144, -0.015655191615223885, 0.036831341683864594, 0.021611100062727928, 0.040143463760614395, -0.0038929248694330454, -0.03538275882601738, 0.004002127330750227, -0.0400114543735981, 0.05556979775428772, 0.06429925560951233, 0.04078945890069008, -0.05403010919690132, 0.06455148011445999, 0.012771198526024818, -0.08531130105257034, 0.030542774125933647, 0.001100836438126862, 0.012754902243614197, -0.011455514468252659, 0.03914482891559601, -0.031302474439144135, 0.0034586526453495026, 0.06043470278382301, -0.0316227562725544, 0.07322459667921066, -0.006807600613683462, -0.07662518322467804, -0.053931403905153275, 0.004863415379077196, 0.014694849029183388, 0.008420819416642189, -0.06707003712654114, 0.035391900688409805, 0.03206908330321312, 0.02405150793492794, 0.011093745008111, 0.014034604653716087, 0.03297377750277519, -0.023649873211979866, 0.029240626841783524, -0.058419886976480484, 0.017913904041051865, 0.023272452875971794, -0.03919025510549545, -0.006637469865381718, -0.04556303843855858, 0.016227247193455696, 0.03918987512588501, 0.008850952610373497, -0.020502828061580658, 0.029083620756864548, -0.01090303249657154, -0.034044764935970306, 0.03741466626524925, 0.009411525912582874, 0.004219479858875275, 0.057195018976926804, -0.0029693504329770803, 0.02894718199968338, 0.027364706620573997, 0.03770823776721954, 0.006818436086177826, 0.04081086069345474, 0.03693220019340515, 0.05466388538479805, 0.0009266235283575952, -0.026553669944405556, -0.001238920260220766, -0.006746125407516956, 0.03644580766558647, -0.04899004474282265, -0.044983141124248505, -0.0572357214987278, 0.01509297639131546, 0.004280271008610725, 0.0005169212236069143, -0.018609657883644104, -0.014459159225225449, 0.017966538667678833, -0.04203518480062485, -0.06730636954307556, -0.06252032518386841, 0.0015238976338878274, -0.048911627382040024, -0.018291136249899864, 0.030597291886806488, 0.017422761768102646, -0.010687431320548058, -0.010813496075570583, -0.013522680848836899, -0.02072807215154171, 0.014850875362753868, 0.041544780135154724, -0.046919092535972595, 0.02268780581653118, 0.06671183556318283, 0.007567504420876503, 0.0017536277882754803, 0.02441900037229061, -0.0332425981760025, -0.05542721226811409, -0.010025735013186932, -0.030547920614480972, 0.015952028334140778, -0.03142230585217476, -0.02628018520772457, 0.009347944520413876, 0.03274022415280342, -0.04690122604370117, 0.03806827589869499, -0.04577881470322609, 0.08294785022735596, 0.08013645559549332, -0.006137156393378973, -0.016435785219073296, 0.028135647997260094, 0.0010022477945312858, 0.02243323251605034, -0.023372413590550423, 0.011724843643605709, -0.037316884845495224, 0.030154617503285408, 0.001692094374448061, 0.03247107192873955, -0.03587394952774048, 0.03846774995326996, 0.009786845184862614, 0.07653354853391647, 0.007695755921304226, 0.02338225021958351, -0.02523151971399784, -0.005010240711271763, -0.007201656233519316, 0.0065522040240466595, 0.04490203782916069, 0.03618050739169121, -0.007542809937149286, 0.02354447916150093, 0.0026095453649759293, -0.018518049269914627, 0.01763083040714264, 0.04543326795101166, -0.015482780523598194, -0.00048359486390836537, 0.024478785693645477, -0.02745039202272892, 0.050144463777542114, -0.03638303279876709, 0.020114609971642494, 0.04582534357905388, -0.036692626774311066, -0.03593725711107254, 0.020819002762436867, -0.0026242840103805065, 0.028437158092856407, 0.08295972645282745, -0.028802119195461273, 0.010910800658166409, 0.027753159403800964, -0.0039218720048666, 0.02758597955107689, -0.03695795685052872, -0.03648371249437332, -0.0469714030623436, 0.002479749731719494, 0.02744624949991703, -0.009456021711230278, 0.05010005831718445, -0.011336053721606731, -0.033472299575805664, -0.03218359127640724, -0.01473793014883995, -0.0016723803710192442, -0.005638486240059137, -0.048012908548116684, -0.019963253289461136, -0.027966197580099106, -0.02801191806793213, 0.02560131810605526, -0.02398231066763401, -0.022116124629974365, 0.026328369975090027, 0.00685314554721117, -0.01652907207608223, -0.031798649579286575, 0.007376862224191427, 0.04503205418586731, 0.008312353864312172, -0.024829797446727753, 0.012919439002871513, 0.007949966005980968, 0.0009604604565538466, -0.012571481056511402, -0.04825904592871666, -0.042179714888334274, -0.03511441871523857, 0.016528857871890068, 0.021756136789917946, 0.0018913185922428966, 0.0037779042031615973, 0.027568694204092026, -0.055445004254579544, -0.01595749333500862, -0.057719435542821884, -0.06940517574548721, 0.03711267560720444, -0.0027733100578188896, 0.05125140771269798, 0.024688798934221268, -0.012682637199759483, 0.08822104334831238, 0.029552936553955078, -0.04148206487298012, -0.05740867555141449, 0.003303803037852049, -0.022901779040694237, 0.013946294784545898, -0.0008840252994559705, 0.014052849262952805, 0.016014842316508293, -0.005227148532867432, 0.05774107947945595, -0.0025995096657425165, 0.03934551402926445, -0.004705294035375118, -0.029439806938171387, 0.044463805854320526, 0.008887814357876778, -0.017281727865338326, 0.04504606872797012, 0.03885049372911453, -0.04779813438653946, 0.023518452420830727, -0.03052939660847187, 0.002869953867048025, 0.01263443287461996, -0.014465087093412876, 0.0003417879343032837, 0.005223969463258982, 0.0023904882837086916, -0.04220368340611458, 0.01727248914539814, 0.005804495420306921, -0.02195589989423752, 0.0046848407946527, 0.0055746277794241905, 0.038998380303382874, -0.03980362042784691, -0.02316889539361, 0.06275961548089981, 0.046707138419151306, -0.03835280239582062, -0.0018764793640002608, 0.01924760453402996, -0.03564915433526039, 0.04214034974575043, -0.034057825803756714, 0.015300421044230461, 0.04556697979569435, 0.02525557018816471, 0.05331280082464218, 0.014711818657815456, -0.038583338260650635, 0.009816737845540047, -0.04778500646352768, -0.0005022349650971591, -0.01086405385285616, 0.029336625710129738, 0.005812593270093203, 0.0765976756811142, 0.00803667213767767, -0.003518743673339486, 0.021288365125656128, 0.011826379224658012, -0.03327779471874237, -0.0036872494965791702, -0.03284713998436928, -0.013457528315484524, 0.014867830090224743, 0.0006915650446899235, 0.013199195265769958, -0.05444095656275749, -0.011636781506240368, 0.009902932681143284, -0.006535475607961416, -0.005104003474116325, -0.021636413410305977, -0.0350843220949173, -0.004979668650776148, 0.015548419207334518, 0.011152513325214386, 0.009122876450419426, -0.016904015094041824, 0.027299586683511734, 0.06188660115003586, 0.01080196350812912, -0.0064388602040708065, -0.03187980130314827, -0.05873829498887062, 0.02115209400653839, 0.05720602720975876, 0.022266387939453125, 0.010366840288043022, -0.01803634501993656, 0.026494070887565613, 0.01412924937903881, 0.0566079281270504, 0.03239795193076134, -0.03906172141432762, -0.027310485020279884, -0.031184067949652672, 0.001970131415873766, -0.007434725295752287, 0.040446687489748, 0.033720262348651886, -0.020724287256598473, 0.05285944789648056, -0.006054343190044165, -0.04651469364762306, 0.04141059145331383, 0.06532824784517288, 0.003605308011174202, -0.027117853984236717, 0.00041149588651023805, -0.007489584852010012, -0.029352668672800064, -0.008336396887898445, 0.04084297642111778, 0.026530254632234573, 0.0004562869144137949, 0.03546791523694992, 0.03318503126502037, -0.0007613329216837883, -0.04974082484841347, 0.019992981106042862, 0.002239727880805731, 0.014729226008057594, -0.015332566574215889, -0.05319681391119957, 0.019178105518221855, 0.02963963709771633, 0.014555886387825012, 0.017695477232336998, -0.027947692200541496, -0.12061386555433273, 0.0156344473361969, 0.021969784051179886, 0.00967433676123619, -0.003530769841745496, -0.024203164502978325, -0.01930161938071251, -0.018095433712005615, 0.030613575130701065, -0.02846037782728672, 0.060181427747011185, -0.017460277304053307, 0.0005894039641134441, -0.04310722276568413, -0.028216827660799026, 0.021231941878795624, 0.0026731076650321484, 0.001749522751197219, 0.03152219206094742, -0.011035974137485027, 0.012566284276545048, -0.023823965340852737, 0.0315178707242012, -0.015280608087778091, 0.03435080125927925, -0.03883269056677818, -0.047814685851335526, -0.006694298703223467, -0.009636607952415943, -0.02890968881547451, -0.06833907961845398, -0.007157088257372379, 0.05612656846642494, 0.03445122018456459, 0.04176405072212219, 0.002240616362541914, -0.03207681328058243, -0.024876097217202187, -0.0029170780908316374, -0.01613868586719036, 0.030579393729567528, -0.01794380508363247, 0.05826026573777199, -0.016749011352658272, -0.012540035881102085, 0.04241004213690758, 0.04096117988228798, -0.007116296794265509, 0.006724074482917786, -0.03726907819509506, 0.01566792093217373, -0.03376283496618271, -0.021396497264504433, -0.058973632752895355, -0.024408502504229546, -0.024875732138752937, 0.028882931917905807, 0.008353343233466148, -0.00839725136756897, -0.05010325834155083, -0.02316543646156788, -0.006674179807305336, 0.045992717146873474, 0.022811854258179665, 0.012498502619564533, -0.0159568190574646, 0.005592139437794685, -0.0060488758608698845, -0.014039149507880211, 0.015310386195778847, -0.00549211585894227, 0.016794070601463318, 0.026524607092142105, -0.024246608838438988, 0.0010068947449326515, -0.04419851303100586, -0.012606593780219555, 0.011045366525650024, -0.012019661255180836, 0.02198292873799801, 0.01439906470477581, 0.002847719704732299, 0.00798278208822012, -0.06333447992801666, -0.04756537824869156, 0.017773667350411415, 0.016689389944076538, 0.026422306895256042, -0.02709728479385376, 0.045484352856874466, -0.026986991986632347, -0.001653208746574819, -0.057068273425102234, -0.07014420628547668, -0.002842661691829562, 0.026690836995840073, -0.0312814898788929, 0.018592339009046555, 0.057026125490665436, 0.0019523755181580782, -0.033551812171936035, -0.004349713213741779, 0.06500338762998581, -0.01987658627331257, -0.030433116480708122, -0.005972476676106453, 0.01792370341718197, 0.04450783506035805, 0.004191734362393618, 0.0237879641354084, -0.014386764727532864, -0.0023215056862682104, 0.007823701947927475, 0.021564483642578125, -0.016312947496771812, -0.040510475635528564, -0.03322751820087433, -0.034605320543050766, 0.03011910244822502, 0.04563785344362259, -0.024052470922470093, -0.0025305303279310465, -0.012579208239912987, -0.021040964871644974, -0.03316828981041908, -0.03196735307574272, 0.025142449885606766, -0.003290351713076234, -0.0022838665172457695, -0.03251864016056061, 0.022247638553380966, -0.03601162135601044, -0.005328640341758728, 0.023852352052927017, -0.01057729497551918, -0.013973720371723175, 0.040261413902044296, 0.045022472739219666, -0.009956662543118, 0.033586595207452774, 0.018306979909539223, -0.037742357701063156, 0.03204876929521561, 0.007302351761609316, -0.030002860352396965, 0.028836045414209366, 0.014788812957704067, -0.028539510443806648, 0.004867242183536291, -0.020811082795262337, -0.033347874879837036, 0.03609544411301613, 0.019356146454811096, 0.048394881188869476, 0.045557670295238495, -0.011373617686331272, 0.007770343217998743, 0.0012698476202785969, -0.037906713783741, 0.004031724762171507, 0.02182149328291416, 0.04141917824745178, -0.018265094608068466, -0.0046030571684241295, 0.023594971746206284, 0.037591706961393356, -0.009479464963078499, 0.03296754136681557, 0.018392756581306458, 0.029931604862213135, -0.006135339383035898, -0.04242216795682907, -0.02377852238714695, 0.036783941090106964, -0.036054447293281555, 0.023212943226099014, -0.011327597312629223, -0.06142549216747284, 0.02045772783458233, 0.042175065726041794, -0.017095571383833885, -0.042797014117240906, -0.0008427085122093558, -0.044801149517297745, 0.012304732576012611, -0.007334691006690264, 0.021550633013248444, 0.018165908753871918, 0.0028648930601775646, 0.02927417680621147, -0.01663951389491558, 0.0006915248231962323, 0.00526458490639925, -0.0646899938583374, -0.05410197749733925, -0.008170999586582184, -0.050493255257606506, 0.04214916378259659, -0.017665857449173927, -0.041013721376657486, 0.006069562863558531, -0.026030786335468292, -0.010119535960257053, 0.027977002784609795, 0.01695963740348816, -0.023603646084666252, 0.01746036857366562, 0.0014339686604216695, 0.01460891030728817, 0.00394760025665164, -0.011743091978132725, 0.1101331114768982, 0.10731036216020584, 0.007423620671033859, -0.04336071386933327, 0.028501400724053383, 0.023276908323168755, 0.03713170811533928, 0.0012096889549866319, 0.03275436908006668, 0.02809741534292698, -0.007640301249921322, 0.020910726860165596, 0.027238277718424797, -0.0016154823824763298, 0.02232767641544342, 0.08031302690505981, -0.0092584528028965, -0.032889410853385925, -0.025948170572519302, 0.024406077340245247, -0.020052172243595123, -0.009997679851949215, -0.011016642674803734, 0.037025466561317444, 0.029767191037535667, -0.010624198243021965, -0.0013723924057558179, 0.009548231028020382, 0.0336860828101635, 0.003804295090958476, -0.036025386303663254, 0.001189062837511301, 0.034234363585710526, 0.0021727089770138264, -0.029495107010006905, -0.02225138060748577, -0.0037037699948996305, -0.03940171003341675, 0.010737485252320766, 0.031741321086883545, 0.013405483216047287, -0.030171679332852364, 0.011743264272809029, 0.03269968926906586, -0.061939455568790436, -0.023297054693102837, -0.022280411794781685, -0.006556338630616665, 0.03310249745845795, 0.007859212346374989, -0.04326361045241356, 0.013767502270638943, 0.009868199005723, -0.025721557438373566, -0.004884046036750078, 0.013875444419682026, 0.0639081597328186, -0.014413692057132721, -0.03336726129055023, -0.041420187801122665, 0.004254500847309828, -0.04824217036366463, -0.004178142175078392, 0.0005048228777013719, -0.04695911705493927, -0.007174250669777393, -0.034247126430273056, 0.00025821567396633327, -0.016021965071558952, -0.010820780880749226, -0.0009422429138794541, 0.00018117912986781448, -0.023890595883131027, 0.012044334784150124, -0.0060807825066149235, 0.03793185204267502, 0.019796350970864296, 0.014061711728572845, -0.0015887736808508635, -0.0007461447385139763, -0.010128624737262726, 0.005708442069590092, -0.017741959542036057, -0.02975158765912056, -0.04807185009121895, 0.015957318246364594, -0.014536082744598389, 0.03801313042640686, -0.003021079581230879, 0.06056181713938713, -0.010820470750331879, -0.014337247237563133, 0.022772198542952538, -0.07247723639011383, 0.01461069006472826, 0.012647737748920918, -0.02252669259905815, -0.011957384645938873, -0.01636352390050888, 0.061503708362579346, 0.017802292481064796, 0.035599734634160995, -0.006134146824479103, 0.026888180524110794, 0.006205623969435692, 0.044984351843595505, 0.018213754519820213, -0.04950558394193649, 0.0036955000832676888, 0.008837359957396984, 0.011165942065417767, -0.051994383335113525, -0.06119979918003082, -0.03522515669465065, -0.011810850352048874, -0.028362983837723732, -0.004154414404183626, -0.039536427706480026, -0.016376223415136337, -0.015578655526041985, 0.00743176368996501, -0.033053621649742126, -0.012886258773505688, -0.04163103178143501, -0.03979695588350296, 0.010981266386806965, -0.022890746593475342, -0.01336641889065504, 0.00752351526170969, -0.017487648874521255, -0.018228940665721893, 0.037631887942552567, 0.018599409610033035, -0.010504486970603466, 0.0016865568468347192, 0.006654840894043446, 0.0037098219618201256, 0.03840643912553787, -0.03401656076312065, 0.015025483444333076, 0.00965325627475977, -0.04911109805107117, 0.009260568767786026, 0.02574632316827774, -0.012960266321897507, 0.013089887797832489, 0.02187741920351982, -0.00459006242454052, -0.02648562379181385, 0.04780348390340805, -0.03292148932814598, -0.014536121860146523, -0.011721257120370865, -0.022572625428438187, -0.05074727535247803, -0.015775401145219803, 0.014869325794279575, 0.034602291882038116, -0.026017535477876663, 0.05587254837155342, 0.048558007925748825, 0.05693522468209267, -0.015857841819524765, 0.01299557276070118, 0.014915813691914082, 0.01625852659344673, 0.030293170362710953, 0.0016809122171252966, 0.039823636412620544, 0.022637885063886642, -0.0327436625957489, 0.022730303928256035, -0.0007617325754836202, 0.01005319133400917, -0.06636088341474533, 0.0021967946086078882, 0.03586539626121521, 0.009086438454687595, 0.02032109722495079, -0.03317941725254059, -0.0060617499984800816, 0.015319392085075378, -0.059614017605781555, -0.0017577247926965356, -0.020371893420815468, 0.008177762851119041, -0.011262343265116215, -0.014327257871627808, -0.014281672425568104, 0.02680308185517788, 0.012443720363080502, 0.04837418347597122, 0.009019674733281136, 0.016959575936198235, 0.008579232729971409, -0.03366227447986603, -0.03432334214448929, 0.003046490950509906, -0.01429819781333208, -0.08152654021978378, 0.05317091941833496, -0.0415952131152153, -0.024933112785220146, 0.051050372421741486, -0.018464600667357445, 0.06050538644194603, 0.07333409786224365, 0.020619016140699387, 0.012448370456695557, 0.02118578553199768, -0.00120381242595613, -0.012928499840199947, -0.0506056509912014, 0.013611260801553726, 0.005837814416736364, 0.05258148908615112, -0.008443791419267654, -0.01202827226370573, 0.05526807904243469, -0.04165356606245041, -0.043312832713127136, -0.009106644429266453, -0.02155386470258236, -0.01761774532496929, -0.00021832040511071682, -0.02015002816915512, 0.00024945964105427265, -0.009544516913592815, 0.013941177166998386, -0.03613818436861038, 0.001166792237199843, 0.04131198674440384, 0.013064536266028881, 0.023051826283335686, -0.03298874571919441, -0.007179514970630407, -0.0442148894071579, -0.022317856550216675, 0.020785892382264137, -0.005490827839821577, -0.04618086293339729, 0.0002188096405006945, 0.01389666274189949, -0.006941701751202345, 0.019267043098807335, 0.002957305172458291, -0.009017539210617542, 0.0640212893486023, -0.04851752147078514, -0.015867063775658607, 0.03075731359422207, -0.06061677634716034, 0.0037255659699440002, -0.0948297306895256, 0.04059392213821411, 0.02706645429134369, -0.005906024947762489, -0.04900219663977623, 0.02127254009246826, -0.07639021426439285, 0.006130943540483713, 0.04678630456328392, 0.015388762578368187, -0.0015881669241935015, -0.014584249816834927, 0.015511607751250267, 0.019292104989290237, -0.07269997149705887, -0.005235432647168636, -0.02681250311434269, -0.023932933807373047, -0.014321592636406422, -0.015806255862116814, -0.012837059795856476, 0.0037688964512199163, 0.03515319153666496, -0.01102731004357338, 0.030087776482105255, -0.020654408261179924, -0.02405180037021637, 0.013887371867895126, -0.03997621685266495, -0.016701381653547287, 0.029535451903939247, -0.03087618574500084, -0.014602440409362316, 0.04601297155022621, -0.014336716383695602, -0.0039786407724022865, 0.035688433796167374, 0.0007687850156798959, 0.01404775120317936, -0.019775044173002243, 0.01371237076818943, 0.025029100477695465, -0.07195116579532623, 0.0000538668900844641, 0.01639990508556366, -0.040917254984378815, -0.008588084951043129, 0.02525336667895317, 0.026432786136865616, 0.06052984669804573, 0.0016991832526400685, 0.007340781390666962, 0.014255832880735397, -0.034041766077280045, 0.021376486867666245, 0.039622966200113297, 0.04940290004014969, 0.009017186239361763, -0.01275936234742403, 0.026543844491243362, 0.008918068371713161, 0.01697535067796707, 0.004931681323796511, 0.053837403655052185, 0.011830354109406471, -0.00922117568552494, 0.004473270382732153, -0.008914582431316376, 0.03315366804599762, 0.04361148551106453, -0.026734409853816032, 0.04521700367331505, -0.023224128410220146, 0.005261636804789305, -0.047654904425144196, -0.008740605786442757, -0.035499803721904755, 0.03120317868888378, 0.01010333001613617, 0.01923983171582222, -0.009542259387671947, 0.04753884673118591, -0.03442109748721123, -0.014472628012299538, 0.01833600178360939, -0.010872796177864075, 0.013227509334683418, -0.019888674840331078, -0.015785306692123413, -0.009929765947163105, -0.017576143145561218, -0.03690989315509796, 0.003961552865803242, 0.057867202907800674, 0.02716451697051525, 0.04223175346851349, -0.01320935133844614, -0.042785223573446274, -0.023986181244254112, 0.010905390605330467, -0.0693422257900238, -0.01851114071905613, -0.05182213336229324, -0.01972569152712822, 0.010668965987861156, -0.02858184650540352 ]
<p>I am trying to make two plots next to one another using the R cookbook <code>multiplot</code> function, although I am getting the following error:</p> <blockquote> <p><code>Aesthetics must either be length one, or the same length as the dataProblems:v.x</code></p> </blockquote> <p>Can someone help? My code is below:</p> <pre><code>rm(list=ls()) library(ggplot2) library(grid) # Multiple plot function multiplot &lt;- function(..., plotlist=NULL, file, cols=1, layout=NULL) { require(grid) # Make a list from the ... arguments and plotlist plots &lt;- c(list(...), plotlist) numPlots = length(plots) # If layout is NULL, then use 'cols' to determine layout if (is.null(layout)) { # Make the panel # ncol: Number of columns of plots # nrow: Number of rows needed, calculated from # of cols layout &lt;- matrix(seq(1, cols * ceiling(numPlots/cols)), ncol = cols, nrow = ceiling(numPlots/cols)) } if (numPlots==1) { print(plots[[1]]) } else { # Set up the page grid.newpage() pushViewport(viewport(layout = grid.layout(nrow(layout), ncol(layout)))) # Make each plot, in the correct location for (i in 1:numPlots) { # Get the i,j matrix positions of the regions that contain this subplot matchidx &lt;- as.data.frame(which(layout == i, arr.ind = TRUE)) print(plots[[i]], vp = viewport(layout.pos.row = matchidx$row, layout.pos.col = matchidx$col)) } } } # Define beta binomial function dbb &lt;- function(x, N, u, v) { beta(x+u, N-x+v)/beta(u,v)*(gamma(N+1)/(gamma(x+1)*gamma(N-x+1))) } #Prior parameters a&lt;-1 b&lt;-1 #Data N1&lt;-100 X&lt;-10 #New sample N2 &lt;- 100 # Generate prior, likelihood, posterior and posterior predictive distribution v.theta &lt;- seq(0,1,length=1000) v.x &lt;-seq(0,100,length=100) v.prior &lt;- dbeta(v.theta,a,b) v.likelihood &lt;- choose(N1,X)*(v.theta^X)*(1-v.theta)^(N1-X); v.posterior &lt;- dbeta(v.theta,a+X,b+N1-X) v.posteriorPred &lt;- dbb(v.x,N2,a+X,b+N1-X) # Plot as a subplot p1&lt;-qplot(v.x,v.prior,geom = c("point", "line")) p2&lt;-qplot(v.x,v.likelihood,geom = c("point", "line")) multiplot(p1, p2) </code></pre>
74,081
[ -0.049485307186841965, -0.00021268727141432464, 0.029503827914595604, 0.029046300798654556, 0.023976821452379227, -0.03271357715129852, -0.04230954870581627, -0.022827882319688797, 0.0042236074805259705, -0.05841343477368355, 0.04978570714592934, 0.04842014238238335, 0.053172219544649124, 0.012600506655871868, -0.010582830756902695, -0.0026270998641848564, -0.006194366607815027, -0.013121545314788818, -0.00023300880275201052, -0.004211731255054474, -0.02102566510438919, 0.009858579374849796, 0.036925915628671646, 0.0026568924076855183, 0.01800798624753952, 0.060810960829257965, 0.04392830654978752, 0.028930464759469032, -0.022480962797999382, 0.06118805706501007, -0.04310120269656181, -0.014727991074323654, 0.031949061900377274, 0.001919021364301443, 0.002404882339760661, 0.017577337101101875, -0.005368775688111782, -0.026924042031168938, -0.04450810328125954, -0.005367215257138014, -0.020202763378620148, 0.012878671288490295, -0.013737027533352375, 0.02581370249390602, 0.0055917901918292046, 0.026561014354228973, -0.020191442221403122, 0.037815406918525696, 0.04859374836087227, -0.02743036113679409, 0.053760744631290436, 0.024674726650118828, 0.0408189557492733, 0.057508789002895355, -0.08222199231386185, -0.0030318712815642357, 0.05077375844120979, 0.08279843628406525, 0.02433832548558712, -0.016978919506072998, -0.004922837018966675, -0.06128520891070366, 0.015006160363554955, -0.027630098164081573, -0.054224513471126556, 0.034326907247304916, -0.03385719284415245, 0.04679558798670769, -0.042412590235471725, -0.038272470235824585, -0.009427261538803577, 0.015152490697801113, 0.008521491661667824, -0.08098134398460388, -0.005807437933981419, 0.017275718972086906, 0.0000714261332177557, 0.00005593347304966301, 0.04766494408249855, 0.01090116798877716, 0.01788906566798687, 0.0370173417031765, 0.0007015158189460635, 0.002859697910025716, 0.03013557754456997, 0.028789162635803223, 0.07279889285564423, -0.01944727636873722, 0.02354591153562069, 0.027181001380085945, -0.02088100276887417, 0.007116413675248623, 0.05189983919262886, 0.03192029148340225, 0.019644105806946754, 0.0107785789296031, -0.019794858992099762, 0.023143423721194267, -0.04736863449215889, -0.04285963624715805, -0.035807427018880844, -0.008040742948651314, 0.012059755623340607, 0.06244264170527458, -0.01243946049362421, -0.019088884815573692, -0.020737290382385254, 0.004070742055773735, 0.02590058743953705, -0.007398719433695078, -0.03793808072805405, 0.05727000907063484, -0.02108309045433998, -0.01895078644156456, -0.002158910036087036, -0.04732067510485649, -0.002823366317898035, 0.048344578593969345, 0.056299082934856415, 0.05706018954515457, 0.04196906089782715, -0.006807237397879362, 0.02448953129351139, -0.03962508589029312, -0.10210147500038147, 0.010062744840979576, -0.030292967334389687, -0.026516033336520195, -0.03684534132480621, 0.007343694567680359, 0.0028802526649087667, -0.00868726335465908, 0.010042758658528328, 0.017812931910157204, 0.04128987714648247, -0.02512199990451336, -0.03446343541145325, -0.07842837274074554, 0.04209134727716446, -0.041109345853328705, 0.0002558831765782088, -0.0334857814013958, -0.0210275799036026, -0.006152234971523285, 0.05608275532722473, -0.027607273310422897, -0.0021595796570181847, 0.026695406064391136, 0.03530624881386757, -0.025091502815485, -0.02977854013442993, 0.036948010325431824, -0.02381523884832859, -0.02256818301975727, -0.0013742726296186447, -0.036161236464977264, 0.03210126981139183, 0.03792928159236908, -0.024570472538471222, 0.011530941352248192, 0.013257748447358608, 0.0042145270854234695, -0.005658617243170738, -0.046475138515233994, 0.007147898897528648, -0.02666282467544079, 0.08024241030216217, -0.025147268548607826, 0.005537852179259062, 0.053074225783348083, -0.08167542517185211, 0.019342487677931786, -0.04218927398324013, 0.01570112816989422, 0.03389759734272957, 0.029319889843463898, 0.0056108394637703896, -0.025386419147253036, 0.00620956951752305, 0.06001899018883705, -0.001798526500351727, -0.05084635317325592, 0.011028471402823925, -0.04374520480632782, 0.030182983726263046, 0.010767390951514244, 0.012390656396746635, -0.025914713740348816, 0.026682736352086067, -0.04270084202289581, -0.019257646054029465, -0.08108033984899521, -0.03383168950676918, -0.007510819472372532, -0.03533046692609787, -0.020698431879281998, 0.017041122540831566, 0.03813878074288368, 0.048338633030653, -0.025029568001627922, -0.016517965123057365, 0.016820048913359642, 0.03777102380990982, -0.029988203197717667, -0.0646488219499588, 0.04930732026696205, 0.03600142151117325, -0.035034120082855225, 0.03094158135354519, -0.06133556738495827, 0.038852233439683914, 0.002881389344111085, -0.037015512585639954, -0.009683972224593163, -0.009303298778831959, -0.015851644799113274, 0.02251325733959675, 0.045501500368118286, -0.035727158188819885, 0.06499673426151276, -0.02441803552210331, 0.021655289456248283, 0.06700816750526428, 0.04877624660730362, 0.005285653751343489, -0.0035109303425997496, 0.015916654840111732, 0.03030833601951599, -0.03992191329598427, 0.010668603703379631, -0.04568939283490181, -0.009050515480339527, 0.058286361396312714, 0.018791403621435165, 0.005584621801972389, 0.013470051810145378, 0.027907123789191246, -0.026302766054868698, -0.0027455140370875597, 0.052403733134269714, 0.015947934240102768, -0.002928026020526886, -0.01513621024787426, 0.003798015881329775, 0.026668686419725418, 0.009460851550102234, 0.007468272000551224, -0.029209094122052193, 0.03995449095964432, -0.034165360033512115, -0.04005945101380348, 0.054871898144483566, 0.0240645594894886, -0.03159565106034279, 0.0044667040929198265, 0.00965936854481697, 0.029497385025024414, 0.009230890311300755, 0.008692068047821522, 0.026177510619163513, 0.034632205963134766, 0.003160668769851327, 0.014766312204301357, -0.011778708547353745, -0.018110308796167374, 0.04030945897102356, -0.022381283342838287, -0.007952019572257996, 0.038585856556892395, -0.05881386250257492, 0.025087185204029083, 0.004451114684343338, -0.039792388677597046, 0.0030322023667395115, 0.021710364148020744, -0.004093997646123171, 0.007865283638238907, 0.028155405074357986, -0.057907067239284515, -0.04024537280201912, 0.015779606997966766, -0.01854964718222618, 0.023478373885154724, -0.029169119894504547, -0.005122832488268614, 0.005120010115206242, -0.04878196492791176, 0.01968006044626236, -0.01361086219549179, 0.025028884410858154, -0.044705964624881744, 0.01392245665192604, 0.01466516312211752, -0.04934437945485115, -0.02039489336311817, -0.02740413323044777, 0.016237575560808182, -0.03885658457875252, -0.01719881221652031, 0.05140739306807518, 0.02352873794734478, -0.07134092599153519, 0.023302163928747177, 0.007557270582765341, 0.002038920996710658, 0.006389110814779997, 0.016640139743685722, -0.025179214775562286, 0.018601728603243828, 0.007326487451791763, 0.03076682612299919, -0.012057524174451828, -0.03395251929759979, -0.03131590411067009, -0.04495873302221298, -0.041707947850227356, 0.01442207582294941, 0.022535890340805054, 0.004658652935177088, 0.005799632519483566, 0.04168060049414635, 0.01965937577188015, -0.018437054008245468, -0.04948198422789574, -0.018692148849368095, -0.008425173349678516, -0.039299316704273224, 0.031206747516989708, 0.012707347050309181, 0.023557046428322792, 0.006804121658205986, 0.0089624198153615, 0.0324687585234642, 0.06769101321697235, -0.03671405464410782, 0.002585851587355137, -0.011474699713289738, 0.0038796786684542894, -0.049041908234357834, 0.030751504004001617, 0.004602491389960051, 0.01616477407515049, 0.011298837140202522, -0.016658468171954155, -0.010394378565251827, 0.009540673345327377, -0.03963121771812439, 0.007081383373588324, -0.04001623019576073, 0.06765139102935791, -0.05234691500663757, 0.02788177877664566, 0.06483486294746399, -0.035705409944057465, -0.00897433701902628, -0.023928333073854446, 0.08308527618646622, -0.028523746877908707, -0.007679528556764126, 0.05142006650567055, 0.0009928211802616715, -0.03655105456709862, 0.010917238891124725, -0.013841334730386734, -0.015427281148731709, -0.022514618933200836, -0.03879163786768913, -0.006350913550704718, 0.052651118487119675, 0.053016215562820435, -0.004168984014540911, 0.036900367587804794, -0.042763832956552505, 0.02844919078052044, -0.03439866751432419, 0.0015099147567525506, -0.046588584780693054, 0.022964783012866974, -0.007686528377234936, 0.03531447425484657, 0.025896117091178894, 0.011275866068899632, 0.01805277355015278, -0.03840796276926994, -0.06548629701137543, 0.008916015736758709, 0.024523437023162842, -0.016180241480469704, 0.005544452462345362, -0.025239065289497375, 0.009749035350978374, 0.01741885393857956, 0.019746163859963417, 0.010548925027251244, 0.0418364517390728, -0.056270454078912735, 0.031547702848911285, -0.017042899504303932, -0.0026540355756878853, -0.01827477477490902, 0.0235702246427536, 0.07156309485435486, -0.0022187535651028156, 0.022388679906725883, 0.04178810864686966, -0.03781387582421303, -0.013316759839653969, 0.011762010864913464, 0.013610178604722023, 0.007006039377301931, 0.03116840496659279, 0.016917724162340164, 0.02051713317632675, 0.003014319110661745, 0.005110069643706083, 0.01662246696650982, 0.05580063536763191, 0.02414965257048607, -0.03513159602880478, 0.018440503627061844, -0.011010264046490192, 0.000006683449555566767, -0.03846793249249458, 0.03859284892678261, -0.0390050895512104, -0.027960920706391335, 0.04957887530326843, 0.032154493033885956, -0.009169550612568855, 0.015551959164440632, 0.046640731394290924, 0.039198726415634155, -0.005853335838764906, -0.018403444439172745, -0.032721541821956635, -0.03128436580300331, -0.006396740674972534, 0.015493111684918404, -0.033246494829654694, -0.010502747260034084, -0.013845091685652733, 0.027439050376415253, -0.03671664372086525, -0.04149956628680229, 0.007432789076119661, 0.0010309097124263644, 0.03035532683134079, -0.0063384538516402245, -0.027525141835212708, -0.016504371538758278, 0.025800557807087898, 0.00943685695528984, 0.00889116432517767, -0.024110909551382065, -0.07201382517814636, -0.0033648309763520956, 0.05136243253946304, 0.011499318294227123, 0.005052732769399881, -0.0259917713701725, -0.02667156048119068, 0.01989072747528553, 0.013677035458385944, -0.009915640577673912, 0.039078231900930405, -0.02271278388798237, 0.009467759169638157, -0.04262402281165123, -0.013193377293646336, -0.035487305372953415, -0.0011483640410006046, -0.0444163903594017, 0.030236339196562767, 0.00021948263747617602, -0.016741853207349777, -0.03634479269385338, 0.03545797988772392, -0.015515820123255253, 0.02597726322710514, -0.036179319024086, -0.014424865134060383, 0.03633563220500946, -0.013499677181243896, -0.008558524772524834, -0.012105509638786316, 0.015833428129553795, -0.012406888417899609, 0.01053634937852621, 0.04395464062690735, -0.02445473149418831, -0.0013135697226971388, 0.02761136181652546, 0.01507785078138113, -0.010229681618511677, 0.0017307593952864408, 0.006277394015341997, 0.00851472094655037, 0.054155297577381134, -0.004405241925269365, 0.045100413262844086, 0.03112800419330597, -0.023276833817362785, 0.01814623549580574, -0.05794469267129898, -0.004985062405467033, -0.03796612471342087, -0.05782882496714592, -0.05625051259994507, -0.05498439073562622, -0.018466781824827194, -0.015342902392148972, -0.025503020733594894, 0.03829723596572876, -0.07426004856824875, -0.01932614855468273, 0.018228434026241302, 0.02896915003657341, 0.03304533660411835, -0.0030502185691148043, 0.010968429036438465, 0.03516107797622681, 0.005409894045442343, -0.03181561455130577, 0.015773480758070946, -0.018727576360106468, 0.0036307359114289284, 0.0017564637819305062, -0.02952207811176777, -0.005714076105505228, 0.0071582673117518425, 0.022527743130922318, -0.000003613834905991098, -0.026461077854037285, 0.023413313552737236, -0.029112305492162704, 0.02547580562531948, 0.01742713153362274, -0.057756613940000534, -0.04782084748148918, 0.046098820865154266, -0.01571226865053177, -0.005913079716265202, -0.007014123257249594, 0.05925316363573074, -0.018139997497200966, -0.01552748866379261, -0.04164214804768562, -0.014864353463053703, -0.016985084861516953, 0.03162108361721039, -0.018566157668828964, -0.049330081790685654, -0.05577977001667023, 0.015256743878126144, -0.013355476781725883, -0.02097039856016636, -0.016624050214886665, -0.022457947954535484, -0.0036984323523938656, -0.014346547424793243, -0.0003999902110081166, 0.02722810208797455, 0.01337811816483736, 0.014716805890202522, -0.01629466935992241, -0.03685932978987694, -0.01586066000163555, 0.004195960238575935, -0.019670944660902023, -0.024550797417759895, 0.038221098482608795, -0.002841691020876169, 0.023899145424365997, 0.04029882326722145, -0.011078338138759136, 0.014719323255121708, 0.003329166444018483, -0.008585809729993343, 0.019295739009976387, -0.057427410036325455, -0.035774990916252136, -0.011869147419929504, 0.011505546048283577, -0.022916259244084358, 0.021340833976864815, 0.0026497782673686743, 0.0028802594169974327, 0.006057799328118563, -0.0757075697183609, -0.017314152792096138, 0.03752049803733826, 0.06447568535804749, -0.016637638211250305, 0.02594706229865551, -0.016373520717024803, -0.035660527646541595, 0.006447304040193558, 0.01633082702755928, 0.004793165717273951, 0.017237311229109764, 0.028767811134457588, -0.030813753604888916, -0.01562967710196972, -0.014865022152662277, 0.03509730100631714, 0.021290672942996025, -0.017805669456720352, 0.009767964482307434, 0.03783368691802025, -0.044651277363300323, 0.02031211368739605, -0.040112726390361786, -0.034440599381923676, -0.03327801078557968, 0.05929011106491089, 0.06062650680541992, -0.00538912508636713, -0.028352180495858192, 0.07621514797210693, -0.018907740712165833, 0.03067047894001007, 0.03569916635751724, 0.010406337678432465, -0.04311486333608627, -0.020392820239067078, -0.0007743659080006182, -0.05073706805706024, 0.034206829965114594, -0.015877854079008102, 0.049227725714445114, -0.03625154122710228, -0.03786046802997589, 0.017488187178969383, 0.04325559362769127, -0.044571105390787125, 0.00797646027058363, -0.025958172976970673, -0.03829784318804741, -0.0021335375495254993, 0.04295983538031578, -0.023684801533818245, 0.01593584381043911, 0.009130156598985195, 0.03509991616010666, -0.017313648015260696, 0.029790710657835007, -0.04911286383867264, -0.020258257165551186, -0.04575305059552193, -0.036104895174503326, -0.017198698595166206, 0.04638035222887993, 0.009277045726776123, -0.005658791866153479, 0.005725181195884943, 0.014367813244462013, -0.012017893604934216, -0.003063511336222291, 0.01644873060286045, 0.03254478797316551, 0.0428323931992054, -0.025386376306414604, 0.017743932083249092, -0.0031998862978070974, -0.020322544500231743, 0.1403639018535614, 0.07671502232551575, 0.034995220601558685, -0.07281458377838135, 0.015197417698800564, 0.015274986624717712, -0.01817130669951439, -0.017322037369012833, 0.01169815007597208, 0.022177372127771378, 0.005518598482012749, 0.04758871719241142, 0.062453873455524445, -0.0006587733514606953, 0.03666107356548309, 0.02602427825331688, -0.03748980909585953, -0.05632166936993599, -0.019189201295375824, 0.022352823987603188, -0.010420627892017365, -0.022667167708277702, -0.06077301874756813, -0.016578037291765213, 0.03660665452480316, -0.022531647235155106, -0.03224445506930351, -0.010214798152446747, 0.03577885404229164, 0.04235795512795448, 0.0026629185304045677, 0.012484726496040821, -0.020262861624360085, -0.003998068161308765, 0.05256294831633568, 0.013081428594887257, 0.01774725876748562, -0.022538529708981514, 0.036499496549367905, 0.04907332733273506, 0.011791585013270378, 0.006341170985251665, -0.03115786984562874, 0.005345520097762346, -0.03579060360789299, -0.029117630794644356, -0.018982959911227226, 0.021727951243519783, -0.02418140321969986, -0.021921733394265175, 0.026925748214125633, 0.022407907992601395, 0.022804243490099907, -0.03048461489379406, -0.009746202267706394, 0.0161251500248909, 0.030285662040114403, -0.02546965889632702, -0.019544171169400215, -0.006618293933570385, 0.05043099820613861, 0.006867510266602039, 0.05028795078396797, 0.03322971239686012, -0.00223503727465868, -0.015354706905782223, -0.023662496358156204, 0.0827789455652237, -0.03448411077260971, 0.020948968827724457, 0.00037591479485854506, 0.0048357341438531876, -0.015372339636087418, -0.04929019883275032, 0.032339874655008316, 0.04976097494363785, 0.013029216788709164, 0.019213402643799782, -0.016145886853337288, 0.0024352087639272213, -0.04601301625370979, 0.03241731598973274, -0.046582188457250595, -0.0353228896856308, -0.018945643678307533, 0.018344325944781303, 0.07501661032438278, 0.0021737460047006607, 0.011129322461783886, -0.03388194739818573, -0.03544475510716438, 0.0494755357503891, 0.01897093653678894, -0.01676797680556774, -0.04051753506064415, 0.014990011230111122, -0.03628624975681305, -0.06052296236157417, -0.04478391259908676, 0.05463564768433571, 0.046370770782232285, 0.007743207272142172, 0.018246321007609367, 0.007887856103479862, 0.0032013021409511566, -0.02672073058784008, -0.0005407861899584532, -0.02990954928100109, 0.05138218402862549, 0.007074812427163124, -0.007508358918130398, -0.011869804002344608, 0.017888905480504036, -0.01944257877767086, -0.044712234288454056, 0.02808886207640171, -0.01683432050049305, -0.04056498780846596, -0.023934634402394295, 0.016609791666269302, 0.004234399180859327, -0.016063595190644264, -0.02189486287534237, -0.03383122384548187, 0.006580705288797617, -0.011290292255580425, -0.03361138328909874, 0.007343045901507139, 0.015551939606666565, -0.06424645334482193, 0.018084237352013588, 0.020922478288412094, 0.015065459534525871, 0.005155754741281271, -0.0003447546623647213, 0.028662968426942825, -0.013740812428295612, 0.029571140184998512, 0.009397748857736588, -0.023792678490281105, 0.029990991577506065, -0.04048450291156769, -0.07035260647535324, -0.02840057574212551, 0.0037457274738699198, 0.029545767232775688, 0.02769693173468113, 0.00110958656296134, -0.0546591654419899, 0.044468510895967484, -0.01770521141588688, -0.027130819857120514, -0.011535150930285454, -0.0040581985376775265, 0.00972585380077362, -0.004474888555705547, 0.013105769641697407, 0.0022649539168924093, 0.023561496287584305, 0.0307648666203022, 0.01830790750682354, 0.0032185546588152647, -0.008164199069142342, 0.0037013906985521317, -0.03622214123606682, 0.0460769459605217, -0.015425752848386765, -0.00992317870259285, 0.02107083797454834, 0.057561516761779785, -0.028242390602827072, 0.06552862375974655, -0.0049999733455479145, -0.0009515825659036636, -0.04599355161190033, 0.00024967838544398546, -0.006740577984601259, 0.014133034273982048, 0.039932236075401306, -0.02558588609099388, -0.006664612330496311, 0.050319962203502655, -0.010085132904350758, -0.05237351357936859, 0.020091593265533447, 0.007490694988518953, -0.017550582066178322, 0.04525424540042877, 0.005980747286230326, 0.012379668653011322, 0.04581061378121376, 0.015955470502376556, 0.025323715060949326, 0.018912164494395256, -0.013578333891928196, -0.03586924076080322, -0.01584249548614025, 0.007992289960384369, -0.02153598517179489, -0.0421273335814476, -0.020960498601198196, -0.011169694364070892, 0.029939064756035805, 0.01507705356925726, -0.004053433891385794, 0.01385539211332798, 0.02465859428048134, 0.01580042392015457, 0.03869415447115898, 0.07622569054365158, -0.02731194533407688, 0.02352306991815567, -0.041199035942554474, -0.01206826139241457, 0.007441086694598198, -0.00971903558820486, -0.04096059501171112, 0.0247868150472641, 0.015275206416845322, 0.00513423839583993, -0.014846105128526688, -0.013927089981734753, -0.044143278151750565, 0.000022701124180457555, -0.03337399661540985, 0.01784362457692623, 0.04568616300821304, -0.011867222376167774, 0.015823787078261375, -0.04671020805835724, -0.004544643219560385, 0.06266660243272781, -0.011477447114884853, -0.006314844824373722, -0.0203349981456995, 0.057979561388492584, -0.05247741565108299, 0.023378456011414528, 0.01680145040154457, -0.009906075894832611, -0.03860213980078697, -0.04798442870378494, -0.008542628027498722, 0.006388633046299219, 0.0025596485938876867, 0.024282557889819145, -0.033481698483228683, 0.01001995149999857, -0.01739535853266716, 0.03735494241118431, 0.004881564527750015, -0.008931312710046768, 0.01248199213296175, -0.052759282290935516, 0.032996442168951035, 0.008024939335882664, -0.006996024865657091, -0.04727046936750412, 0.000035808432585326955, -0.027309736236929893, 0.048039760440588, 0.0494704432785511, 0.03001469559967518, 0.012711863964796066, 0.004024617839604616, 0.024480147287249565, 0.04120675101876259, -0.02704191394150257, 0.05347626283764839, 0.025865962728857994, -0.031760141253471375, 0.03709417209029198, 0.0043630762957036495, 0.0067653171718120575, 0.013899614103138447, 0.0029593762010335922, -0.047630175948143005, -0.00946143176406622, 0.03217387571930885, -0.03844129294157028, 0.01026944350451231, -0.010008683428168297, -0.028549131006002426, 0.03204946964979172, 0.024489575996994972, 0.03958946838974953, 0.042565494775772095, 0.015053143724799156, -0.036834873259067535, 0.032358646392822266, -0.06175553798675537, -0.01770881377160549, 0.017548197880387306, -0.020673613995313644, 0.003904032986611128, -0.05681270360946655, 0.0066162338480353355, -0.002815578132867813, -0.025097010657191277, -0.01986919716000557, 0.03169797733426094, 0.005096769891679287, 0.027574628591537476, -0.011946196667850018, 0.013920466415584087, -0.0068487427197396755, -0.01990451291203499, 0.04777039587497711, -0.004759110510349274, -0.025044720619916916, -0.014573232270777225, -0.007467745337635279, 0.05484823137521744, 0.002336725825443864, 0.020440757274627686, -0.017983242869377136, 0.058279819786548615, 0.00047184276627376676, -0.010621725581586361, -0.005022883880883455, -0.025965144857764244, -0.027082808315753937, -0.0010338429128751159, 0.004105130210518837, 0.05260998383164406, -0.04628017917275429, 0.02708689123392105, -0.023739775642752647, -0.02405211329460144, -0.0395733080804348, 0.009239383041858673, -0.018695879727602005, 0.03456539288163185, -0.011909124441444874, 0.0407450869679451, 0.04605681076645851, -0.028207404538989067, 0.026868339627981186, -0.0003787931927945465, 0.018675226718187332, -0.022545287385582924, 0.014757503755390644, -0.022926701232790947, 0.031616196036338806, 0.0036043510772287846, -0.002687558066099882, 0.04114258289337158, 0.01697743497788906, -0.04478832334280014, -0.026905668899416924, 0.0371055006980896, 0.017247788608074188, 0.02251538261771202, -0.027045035734772682, -0.051515448838472366, -0.020903611555695534, 0.0120746660977602, 0.02673371508717537, 0.017551559954881668 ]
<p><strong>The scenario:</strong></p> <p>Consider that I have some 100 GB of raw data. When I extract features from it using the traditional, well-known approaches in my area, I get (say) <strong>100,00,000 instances</strong>. When I build supervised machine-learning models (using Decision tress and Bayesian Networks in particular) with this data, I get some <em>x</em> % classification accuracy.</p> <p>As a part of my research, I am working on an approach which is expected to give better accuracy. With my approach, parsing that same 100 GB of data results in fewer instances - lets say 10 times lesser. Which means I now have <strong>10,00,000</strong> instances with me. </p> <p><strong>The problem:</strong></p> <p>In order to show that my approach works better, I need to do a proper comparison with the traditional approach. </p> <p>I am not very clear that how should I evaluate my approach with the traditional approach. Given the same amount of raw data, the number of instances extracted by me are 10 times lesser. In order to compare the accuracy obtained by both the approaches, which is better? -</p> <ul> <li><strong>Keep the number of instances same.</strong> Take 10,00,000 instances of the data obtained from my algorithm, and <em>sample out</em> the same number of instances obtained from the traditional approach. Do a 70-30 split for training-testing data on each of them, and build my models. </li> <li><strong>Keep the raw input data same.</strong> Take 100 GB of raw data and extract features with both approaches. The size of training (and testing) datasets in both the cases will have a <em>huge</em> difference. Then, I can do a 70-30 split for training-testing, and build my models. </li> <li>Something else ??</li> </ul> <p><strong>updated to address comment by @ffriend</strong> In case it matters, I am dealing with network traces (pcap files). For traditional approaches I refer the reader to <a href="http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wn9n8kt.pdf" rel="nofollow">this</a> paper which is classic work employing that technique. For my approach, I can only link to <a href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2611318" rel="nofollow">my preliminary work</a></p> <p>p.s.: I don't feel the title of my question is very good. If someone can think of a better title, you are welcome to edit it.</p>
74,082
[ -0.007898518815636635, 0.022320207208395004, -0.006024641450494528, -0.0444566048681736, 0.01709016039967537, 0.005385112948715687, 0.00838838703930378, -0.017023397609591484, 0.0445401594042778, 0.018673943355679512, 0.030536474660038948, 0.038837309926748276, 0.002597004408016801, 0.008256868459284306, -0.005516212433576584, 0.02298492006957531, -0.011848393827676773, 0.001356853055767715, -0.014343352988362312, 0.005791162606328726, -0.0317208357155323, 0.01641993410885334, 0.03719918802380562, -0.0028285353910177946, -0.026336729526519775, 0.034399207681417465, 0.01030046958476305, -0.036508891731500626, 0.007856291718780994, 0.03822651132941246, -0.02914295718073845, -0.014695093035697937, 0.00409433338791132, 0.06053994223475456, 0.008298933506011963, 0.004123148042708635, -0.03342314064502716, -0.05983802303671837, -0.007235520053654909, 0.0330512598156929, -0.023646676912903786, 0.011639554053544998, -0.032332081347703934, 0.01773114502429962, -0.028104184195399284, 0.03913678228855133, -0.017302274703979492, -0.042515091598033905, -0.0013819169253110886, -0.02822241000831127, 0.024509059265255928, -0.04490846022963524, 0.031006254255771637, 0.05425507575273514, -0.01735544390976429, -0.0390283539891243, 0.06674783676862717, 0.040954601019620895, -0.025436827912926674, -0.05169866979122162, -0.00397147424519062, -0.0035072914324700832, 0.017513860017061234, -0.043810177594423294, -0.03057137131690979, 0.04238302633166313, 0.03624792769551277, -0.021282510831952095, 0.016702620312571526, -0.02272268943488598, 0.04351431876420975, -0.00034904960193671286, 0.017217084765434265, -0.006665744353085756, 0.016741983592510223, -0.013702391646802425, -0.015220776200294495, 0.04185262322425842, 0.045570164918899536, 0.012076763436198235, 0.009421076625585556, 0.008596444502472878, 0.032888416200876236, 0.04325499013066292, 0.042399462312459946, -0.020273512229323387, 0.0650719553232193, -0.0040099709294736385, -0.011676534079015255, 0.0002276057784911245, 0.012063081376254559, 0.003676734399050474, 0.06932186335325241, -0.009640083648264408, -0.018938438966870308, 0.00016370692173950374, 0.00932585634291172, -0.009464465081691742, 0.0069891116581857204, -0.00047569829621352255, -0.034720614552497864, -0.05946626141667366, -0.0011616304982453585, 0.07810578495264053, -0.010571490041911602, -0.006495039910078049, -0.009977414272725582, -0.0029712722171097994, -0.013020596466958523, -0.017189310863614082, -0.032368745654821396, 0.02732401341199875, 0.004555267281830311, 0.051103319972753525, -0.007989233359694481, -0.01670982874929905, 0.026854949072003365, -0.04014670103788376, 0.06592566519975662, 0.09885301440954208, 0.028810888528823853, -0.056127022951841354, 0.008088324218988419, -0.05279257893562317, -0.027355028316378593, 0.0022256034426391125, 0.016272002831101418, -0.02386118285357952, -0.04071803763508797, 0.0352029912173748, -0.04348859190940857, -0.023671280592679977, 0.03590672090649605, -0.018058890476822853, -0.0048697651363909245, 0.006789661478251219, -0.0950537621974945, -0.014184996485710144, 0.040693651884794235, 0.010647257789969444, 0.01834455318748951, -0.047637611627578735, 0.025624984875321388, 0.03876776620745659, 0.04517931863665581, 0.016900045797228813, 0.05444569140672684, 0.03255433216691017, -0.005214907228946686, -0.031354691833257675, -0.020630106329917908, -0.0043071783147752285, -0.026050835847854614, 0.010006711818277836, -0.06615561991930008, -0.05188406631350517, -0.005604002624750137, 0.025973349809646606, -0.030703820288181305, 0.026618335396051407, 0.010337091982364655, -0.0014649051008746028, -0.028263404965400696, -0.01885935850441456, -0.02336663380265236, -0.019538171589374542, 0.07866344600915909, 0.018843097612261772, 0.0526110976934433, 0.022894004359841347, -0.015931641682982445, -0.011883717961609364, 0.020375730469822884, -0.010791139677166939, 0.011984551325440407, -0.007172247860580683, 0.0003928857040591538, -0.0116537781432271, 0.011348618194460869, 0.0023708068765699863, -0.004261149559170008, -0.022035514935851097, -0.04176152125000954, 0.0013052938738837838, 0.01175218541175127, 0.05771468207240105, 0.04165809974074364, -0.02456296980381012, 0.04861762374639511, -0.05691974610090256, -0.055530648678541183, -0.04085869342088699, -0.003903328673914075, -0.025453168898820877, 0.010087836533784866, 0.003296751296147704, -0.017514565959572792, -0.021447040140628815, 0.012119997292757034, -0.027496231719851494, -0.02320798859000206, -0.0030919257551431656, 0.0410236157476902, -0.05600537732243538, -0.025704680010676384, 0.0622757188975811, -0.0027956569101661444, -0.03656657412648201, 0.033542487770318985, -0.04250149801373482, -0.07042872160673141, 0.008112320676445961, -0.044499028474092484, -0.0021976011339575052, 0.0152903376147151, -0.018175490200519562, 0.03579670190811157, 0.0059769065119326115, -0.04162338376045227, 0.0040421877056360245, -0.07365050166845322, 0.0809488520026207, 0.08653638511896133, 0.007846549153327942, -0.0343421995639801, -0.020980948582291603, -0.008678054437041283, 0.01957136020064354, 0.014584805816411972, 0.0358104407787323, -0.07283934205770493, -0.01755296252667904, 0.08399075269699097, -0.014525922946631908, -0.01818002574145794, 0.03314170986413956, 0.05298662930727005, -0.011168104596436024, 0.00884819496423006, 0.0011270885588601232, 0.0004593556222971529, -0.03966120630502701, 0.0557849258184433, 0.038238149136304855, 0.015474874526262283, 0.01138834748417139, 0.004862798377871513, -0.018255475908517838, 0.024018634110689163, 0.010968930087983608, 0.00806787982583046, 0.03014226071536541, 0.00805917289108038, -0.021945040673017502, 0.006347780115902424, -0.03411215543746948, 0.01667371205985546, -0.014882322400808334, -0.006328729912638664, 0.010819954797625542, -0.003084642579779029, 0.008250445127487183, -0.03804830089211464, -0.010849076323211193, 0.03466444090008736, 0.017865600064396858, -0.005322971381247044, 0.03853993862867355, 0.042692724615335464, -0.0829622894525528, 0.025505954399704933, -0.02034224383533001, -0.023420466110110283, -0.07071187347173691, 0.026736462488770485, 0.04068947210907936, -0.013630516827106476, 0.007233889307826757, -0.002790510654449463, 0.02828902006149292, 0.005886977072805166, -0.0027859758120030165, 0.004159602336585522, 0.02825409546494484, -0.04001579433679581, 0.03718249872326851, -0.011884127743542194, -0.01834235154092312, 0.04467666149139404, 0.014524788595736027, -0.03335265442728996, 0.0065844240598380566, 0.018316635861992836, -0.059573374688625336, -0.02327788807451725, -0.03604042902588844, -0.004659537225961685, -0.014757934026420116, -0.06318850070238113, 0.05643236264586449, 0.019011272117495537, -0.042865656316280365, 0.021797193214297295, -0.0006685400730930269, -0.023225244134664536, -0.030473630875349045, -0.032057955861091614, -0.03317303955554962, 0.0004278438282199204, -0.004367297515273094, 0.02682238630950451, 0.014460960403084755, -0.012908684089779854, -0.07912831008434296, -0.035868410021066666, -0.0025589740835130215, -0.014633387327194214, 0.022629888728260994, 0.002266290131956339, 0.021889427676796913, 0.07777482271194458, 0.049593448638916016, -0.0237288735806942, -0.030220305547118187, 0.016214735805988312, -0.04238598421216011, -0.0015011531068012118, -0.022102661430835724, 0.009068256244063377, -0.0000744868375477381, -0.03712182864546776, -0.005325804930180311, 0.02177952602505684, 0.048608552664518356, 0.011462775990366936, 0.005348688922822475, 0.03674126788973808, 0.008721510879695415, -0.04556659981608391, 0.03573727607727051, 0.010430822148919106, -0.057107098400592804, -0.004397571552544832, -0.007786897011101246, 0.008080010302364826, 0.020403455942869186, -0.06446991115808487, 0.01789075694978237, -0.0003050522063858807, 0.02147563174366951, -0.011936614289879799, 0.02946082316339016, -0.015698596835136414, -0.04518537595868111, 0.003257413860410452, 0.0190342478454113, 0.007435869891196489, -0.034620411694049835, -0.02377965673804283, 0.04279126971960068, 0.07920943945646286, 0.004228899255394936, -0.018648844212293625, -0.002798014087602496, -0.017334016039967537, 0.01744062826037407, 0.00800979696214199, 0.006716744042932987, 0.02641626074910164, 0.030749719589948654, 0.005061137955635786, 0.005403923336416483, -0.024312295019626617, -0.0239632036536932, -0.04686123505234718, 0.02868151105940342, -0.02493278682231903, 0.09064182639122009, 0.025682996958494186, -0.007125812117010355, 0.0020576308015733957, -0.028276978060603142, -0.025995073840022087, 0.0038005784153938293, -0.05816367641091347, -0.0012257867492735386, 0.021168425679206848, -0.05757667496800423, -0.012073008343577385, -0.04233626276254654, 0.022648602724075317, -0.02140337973833084, -0.006154841743409634, -0.027247922495007515, 0.01739766262471676, -0.03737368434667587, 0.028089383617043495, -0.013745574280619621, 0.0012465977342799306, -0.01613190397620201, 0.019139185547828674, 0.035274676978588104, 0.04095464199781418, 0.011967767030000687, 0.012813371606171131, 0.014763259328901768, 0.006124346982687712, -0.0021941238082945347, 0.02747015282511711, -0.013412580825388432, 0.014944483526051044, -0.02913801372051239, 0.05010782927274704, -0.03524468094110489, 0.021984390914440155, 0.0010092819575220346, 0.02661791630089283, -0.008287239819765091, -0.018328193575143814, -0.0017384045058861375, -0.013138452544808388, -0.01191288698464632, 0.0031354844104498625, 0.049380987882614136, -0.006360967177897692, -0.051540691405534744, 0.03295401483774185, 0.02542099915444851, -0.04849163815379143, 0.015581918880343437, 0.02313877083361149, -0.00473389308899641, -0.0037335148081183434, -0.033907096832990646, -0.006569215562194586, 0.00246499408967793, -0.019124681130051613, 0.05153901129961014, 0.003796943463385105, -0.005688878707587719, -0.0034172076266258955, 0.022871065884828568, -0.021498490124940872, -0.03514568880200386, 0.01031535305082798, 0.043627239763736725, 0.0014510687906295061, -0.006847389508038759, -0.01681387983262539, 0.019399520009756088, 0.05451807752251625, 0.024352896958589554, 0.027559272944927216, 0.009290091693401337, -0.09423089027404785, -0.030435601249337196, 0.03241126611828804, 0.017313538119196892, -0.027007197961211205, -0.03381658345460892, -0.053811680525541306, -0.01281971950083971, 0.014570916071534157, -0.013061771169304848, 0.04659125581383705, 0.017784200608730316, 0.032934680581092834, -0.060525160282850266, -0.01743609458208084, -0.021347319707274437, 0.011243544518947601, -0.031523630023002625, 0.08811795711517334, -0.025113653391599655, -0.03342748060822487, -0.03301801159977913, 0.002460111165419221, 0.0010248811449855566, 0.06502940505743027, -0.035285886377096176, -0.029298163950443268, -0.00900102499872446, 0.0109439417719841, -0.02869294211268425, -0.08075051009654999, 0.01652672328054905, -0.005854146089404821, -0.005786753725260496, 0.022273724898695946, -0.02565392479300499, -0.03595392778515816, 0.024524329230189323, -0.036569058895111084, -0.0487358421087265, -0.0074812318198382854, -0.0228714756667614, 0.04573947563767433, 0.01995583064854145, 0.010368109680712223, 0.07093051820993423, -0.001667962409555912, 0.019744250923395157, 0.025424059480428696, -0.026060452684760094, -0.0016428004018962383, -0.056923627853393555, -0.03706815838813782, -0.031645528972148895, 0.0017090694746002555, -0.030839744955301285, 0.035878945142030716, 0.0009688279242254794, 0.07073035091161728, 0.005886941682547331, -0.016147548332810402, 0.01075555570423603, 0.02838907204568386, -0.028517616912722588, -0.024538874626159668, -0.008975418284535408, 0.034490909427404404, -0.024431215599179268, 0.027190979570150375, 0.021160416305065155, 0.01130243856459856, 0.02110118418931961, 0.022349413484334946, -0.04100815951824188, 0.019575582817196846, -0.057832371443510056, -0.011949115432798862, 0.027744745835661888, -0.0009778715902939439, 0.046866126358509064, 0.024038102477788925, 0.05445059761404991, 0.009608941152691841, -0.03589751943945885, -0.009611900895833969, -0.00746573694050312, -0.003517576726153493, 0.0074778455309569836, -0.041769176721572876, 0.02226363681256771, -0.026571815833449364, -0.019094597548246384, -0.06959985196590424, -0.028342530131340027, 0.010399315506219864, -0.00031594285974279046, -0.039128273725509644, -0.05047287419438362, 0.01665755920112133, 0.015919383615255356, -0.024769069626927376, -0.0173176359385252, 0.047426458448171616, -0.021764235571026802, -0.017712771892547607, 0.0032249330542981625, 0.004010384436696768, 0.059533629566431046, -0.021846067160367966, 0.0331859365105629, -0.044181548058986664, -0.006208229809999466, 0.02569695934653282, 0.005339102819561958, -0.01818746328353882, -0.031115349382162094, -0.011587216518819332, -0.013994642533361912, 0.011289317160844803, 0.02974086068570614, -0.005380107555538416, -0.005130954086780548, 0.022021044045686722, -0.029570680111646652, -0.028391245752573013, -0.005123010370880365, -0.005675638560205698, 0.021406320855021477, -0.005720782559365034, -0.025614142417907715, 0.028083408251404762, 0.0310585405677557, -0.023810580372810364, 0.015116613358259201, -0.0032355801668018103, -0.014890875667333603, 0.006137317046523094, 0.04570593312382698, -0.026704372838139534, 0.025318559259176254, -0.007635676767677069, -0.034798700362443924, 0.05808284133672714, -0.020671799778938293, 0.01979292370378971, -0.031735826283693314, 0.02150898054242134, -0.030090898275375366, -0.007493527140468359, -0.037990834563970566, -0.015256757847964764, 0.04438750073313713, 0.04242672398686409, 0.0498066283762455, 0.041625529527664185, 0.010750326327979565, 0.01380585040897131, -0.06428844481706619, 0.002935352735221386, 0.0010102209635078907, -0.00992069486528635, 0.05572538077831268, -0.00015913376410026103, -0.04018493741750717, 0.05846061930060387, 0.0018682655645534396, 0.02555268630385399, 0.04323003441095352, -0.01365754660218954, 0.0039057692047208548, 0.04813345521688461, -0.040300603955984116, -0.014247598126530647, 0.026508362963795662, -0.07371317595243454, -0.015038512647151947, -0.0022502990905195475, 0.024597307667136192, 0.07423754781484604, 0.025160392746329308, 0.006763073615729809, -0.038512688130140305, 0.004324156790971756, -0.07528682053089142, -0.006907000206410885, 0.016209043562412262, -0.009277790784835815, 0.029392099007964134, -0.014710262417793274, 0.008601249195635319, 0.002410865854471922, 0.027627652511000633, 0.010476391762495041, -0.06243208050727844, -0.06278538703918457, -0.0019370970549061894, -0.017913881689310074, 0.052538689225912094, -0.006864237133413553, -0.02967224456369877, 0.042383722960948944, -0.028902621939778328, 0.04653824120759964, 0.03293655812740326, 0.04079236835241318, -0.03419532626867294, 0.019317075610160828, -0.025639567524194717, 0.017426295205950737, -0.017069261521100998, 0.005971126724034548, 0.14946791529655457, 0.07617813348770142, 0.05444115772843361, -0.03770598769187927, 0.04035410284996033, 0.006503451149910688, -0.00786550808697939, -0.014521290548145771, -0.008726201951503754, 0.021239876747131348, 0.014987980015575886, 0.038683436810970306, 0.008072968572378159, 0.021506616845726967, -0.016246113926172256, 0.029533768072724342, -0.04652617126703262, 0.015243642032146454, 0.018823694437742233, 0.04262343421578407, 0.000615542521700263, -0.005650617182254791, -0.03413626551628113, 0.01385214738547802, -0.0024471692740917206, -0.02452554926276207, 0.0008429691079072654, -0.010527699254453182, 0.02043287828564644, 0.004346595145761967, -0.013863025233149529, 0.014424098655581474, 0.014029192738234997, -0.029000459238886833, 0.03208789974451065, 0.003802026854828, 0.017716651782393456, -0.03313460946083069, -0.002667793771252036, 0.04675779864192009, 0.02791762910783291, -0.030709972605109215, -0.018750308081507683, 0.010967595502734184, -0.06367725878953934, -0.020815882831811905, -0.0758342519402504, 0.053721942007541656, 0.015263858251273632, -0.006915090139955282, 0.014278021641075611, -0.008837470784783363, 0.027365054935216904, -0.02628292143344879, -0.005682765506207943, 0.045651037245988846, 0.012136182747781277, 0.00036703399382531643, -0.024717986583709717, -0.01877153106033802, 0.04509815573692322, -0.008392072282731533, 0.022864894941449165, 0.00877908244729042, -0.02620863914489746, -0.043686360120773315, 0.024189671501517296, 0.027783256024122238, 0.019521169364452362, 0.01939324475824833, -0.02367018721997738, -0.026504507288336754, -0.014320296235382557, -0.006241489201784134, 0.013663196936249733, 0.005098375491797924, 0.012524423189461231, -0.02297387272119522, -0.01915559358894825, -0.030744453892111778, -0.018073895946145058, -0.0005260319449007511, -0.010270939208567142, 0.024633334949612617, -0.03082282841205597, 0.023270249366760254, -0.0284690223634243, 0.02470151148736477, 0.07946106791496277, 0.03101305104792118, 0.01584761217236519, 0.06007495895028114, 0.03212938830256462, -0.02758454717695713, -0.0444510355591774, -0.02321777306497097, -0.04908253997564316, 0.045164138078689575, 0.03209051489830017, 0.05549478530883789, 0.04976283758878708, -0.02009567990899086, -0.006754596717655659, 0.0032289037480950356, 0.025311928242444992, 0.020074134692549706, -0.019495952874422073, -0.009092571213841438, -0.025407513603568077, 0.024638952687382698, 0.021318692713975906, -0.046425171196460724, -0.0040963622741401196, -0.04805970564484596, -0.03356252983212471, 0.016139812767505646, 0.019273847341537476, -0.024504605680704117, 0.01785229705274105, -0.006727080792188644, 0.0633714348077774, -0.023919405415654182, -0.032145559787750244, -0.041027456521987915, -0.02394230291247368, -0.04153929650783539, -0.020252756774425507, -0.028617827221751213, 0.020564014092087746, 0.0014693413395434618, 0.0024004816077649593, 0.063711017370224, 0.007249028421938419, 0.019479159265756607, -0.00046238687355071306, 0.02014794759452343, -0.002926775487139821, 0.00993720255792141, -0.016431286931037903, -0.0036695306189358234, 0.01607499271631241, -0.025749104097485542, -0.01862284541130066, 0.03742637857794762, -0.006201336160302162, 0.05902958661317825, 0.005851340014487505, -0.02581324800848961, 0.0028523339424282312, 0.0488312765955925, -0.01874302141368389, -0.04886386916041374, -0.002220262074843049, 0.01993594318628311, 0.0005176264094188809, -0.0009579688194207847, 0.028801975771784782, 0.031502749770879745, -0.030688567087054253, -0.005941780284047127, -0.028038589283823967, 0.04181995615363121, -0.031719617545604706, 0.009288565255701542, -0.033698827028274536, 0.01054449938237667, 0.009217639453709126, 0.0077973040752112865, 0.02529100701212883, 0.03725136071443558, -0.027551541104912758, 0.0002436491340631619, -0.01769244112074375, 0.020774664357304573, -0.07217289507389069, -0.0188091229647398, 0.002645418280735612, 0.012796714901924133, 0.029945997521281242, -0.037144288420677185, 0.03583087772130966, 0.05944075435400009, -0.06172296404838562, 0.016491230577230453, -0.010625832714140415, 0.045039102435112, -0.047311194241046906, -0.00424128258600831, -0.036160264164209366, -0.003890911117196083, 0.0027523268945515156, 0.011775972321629524, 0.030329404398798943, 0.040342532098293304, -0.015608913265168667, -0.017328673973679543, -0.04301603138446808, -0.010004651732742786, -0.0124406972900033, -0.007574025075882673, 0.04089890792965889, -0.041687365621328354, -0.05244045332074165, 0.042582836002111435, -0.007123955991119146, 0.0025432424154132605, 0.0320780910551548, 0.02871902845799923, 0.02922694943845272, 0.012110058218240738, 0.030597010627388954, -0.0030024973675608635, 0.03032495826482773, -0.03349030017852783, -0.024527590721845627, -0.0006461690063588321, -0.010193540714681149, 0.016276871785521507, 0.03221180662512779, -0.013768136501312256, -0.01078402902930975, 0.010897120460867882, 0.003665814409032464, -0.0415211096405983, -0.010944008827209473, 0.028612658381462097, 0.013176138512790203, -0.003831080859526992, -0.01860285922884941, -0.036930445581674576, 0.01788780838251114, 0.031943146139383316, 0.00626729242503643, -0.04733515903353691, 0.044192612171173096, -0.013679317198693752, -0.04097357019782066, -0.00695133488625288, -0.0017561885761097074, 0.024545831605792046, -0.07619497179985046, 0.005888012237846851, 0.0218220092356205, -0.0034843755420297384, -0.03408508002758026, -0.006092020310461521, -0.02664877288043499, 0.03010733611881733, -0.032278481870889664, 0.03677219897508621, 0.0013597068609669805, -0.019820868968963623, 0.02153918705880642, -0.07960007339715958, 0.05925650894641876, 0.0026797386817634106, -0.05549171194434166, -0.01970691792666912, -0.01375756599009037, -0.037653930485248566, 0.0032323875930160284, 0.07184671610593796, 0.030942363664507866, 0.014917858876287937, -0.04372844099998474, 0.011863607913255692, -0.003414405044168234, -0.05181070789694786, 0.011996332556009293, -0.016851050779223442, -0.0009478313149884343, 0.02456260286271572, -0.0028334760572761297, -0.0032013326417654753, 0.04546071216464043, 0.03638134151697159, -0.0020268396474421024, 0.0018802997656166553, 0.009969866834580898, 0.013358952477574348, 0.01921449415385723, -0.018280675634741783, 0.02081652730703354, 0.021847693249583244, -0.00807101372629404, 0.0324120931327343, -0.004913512617349625, 0.004622235428541899, -0.05590539053082466, 0.02348083071410656, -0.030161645263433456, 0.020244736224412918, 0.01218496449291706, 0.0245446115732193, 0.03658130764961243, -0.04610283672809601, 0.010171908885240555, 0.02631801925599575, -0.019453056156635284, 0.02144811861217022, 0.015471529215574265, -0.004065223503857851, 0.03107529878616333, 0.010802549310028553, 0.0704093649983406, -0.00906420312821865, -0.030227987095713615, -0.019692404195666313, 0.020106030628085136, 0.023583969101309776, 0.007087941747158766, 0.07092861086130142, 0.021653061732649803, -0.018442686647176743, 0.021578993648290634, -0.02168039046227932, 0.06687463819980621, -0.05486235022544861, -0.01850888878107071, 0.01403915323317051, -0.016290361061692238, -0.0026660491712391376, 0.0346803292632103, -0.01481469627469778, 0.05777730420231819, -0.009141271933913231, 0.0015204405644908547, -0.02651980333030224, -0.026535367593169212, 0.004975530784577131, 0.03373199701309204, -0.025700101628899574, 0.049291010946035385, 0.02997436560690403, 0.004995737224817276, -0.03231307491660118, 0.009398454800248146, 0.03535202145576477, -0.021789880469441414, 0.007021317258477211, -0.002354684518650174, 0.03180282562971115, 0.004463261924684048, -0.020162779837846756, -0.0033965937327593565, -0.00636782543733716, 0.023200748488307, 0.04805790260434151, 0.014788745902478695, 0.013773678801953793, -0.040830742567777634, -0.025949792936444283, 0.0033997350838035345, -0.07508308440446854, 0.027302037924528122, -0.02783496119081974, 0.02599501423537731, -0.009400774724781513, -0.04091840609908104 ]
<p>How to Predict the Dependent variable in lmer? Do we have any Package or function already buit in R?</p>
74,083
[ -0.02593720704317093, -0.015767505392432213, -0.005949576385319233, 0.01738709583878517, 0.013565556146204472, -0.006850201636552811, -0.02626200206577778, -0.004420830402523279, 0.06371168792247772, -0.031468335539102554, 0.027628177776932716, 0.059766873717308044, 0.06120629981160164, 0.028167806565761566, 0.013912323862314224, -0.0244574174284935, 0.00829573068767786, -0.005448921583592892, 0.012377748265862465, 0.010923397727310658, 0.007470874115824699, 0.022972801700234413, 0.051491156220436096, 0.01644665189087391, -0.018003707751631737, 0.05390532687306404, 0.03402967005968094, -0.029889145866036415, 0.0032519425731152296, 0.050727780908346176, -0.017509859055280685, -0.04140899330377579, 0.030870720744132996, 0.04874841868877411, -0.002621837891638279, -0.021726813167333603, -0.016419224441051483, -0.029120173305273056, 0.0009401101269759238, 0.03144632279872894, -0.060744404792785645, -0.04378274455666542, 0.017580948770046234, 0.052058421075344086, -0.0020299337338656187, -0.01147523894906044, -0.01243966817855835, -0.05138910934329033, 0.07576535642147064, -0.02732277847826481, 0.08283583074808121, 0.004138775635510683, 0.018983932211995125, 0.008154825307428837, -0.05965040624141693, -0.014073178172111511, 0.08474156260490417, 0.08921022713184357, 0.016663482412695885, -0.04581887274980545, -0.006826482713222504, 0.006488424725830555, -0.0024911481887102127, -0.019131500273942947, -0.056995637714862823, -0.0027640056796371937, 0.0034533983562141657, -0.00316656194627285, 0.03079952485859394, -0.02308245375752449, 0.026426291093230247, 0.02337862178683281, 0.05551711842417717, 0.018365686759352684, 0.026939019560813904, 0.009595338255167007, -0.011404602788388729, -0.010357818566262722, 0.014009141363203526, 0.029003936797380447, 0.021023279055953026, -0.0013276998652145267, 0.034082770347595215, 0.047858163714408875, 0.0026604761369526386, -0.03341827169060707, 0.018158890306949615, 0.003504808060824871, 0.004021468572318554, 0.02125626429915428, -0.005155791994184256, 0.0056479875929653645, 0.05652185156941414, -0.014217655174434185, -0.050671517848968506, 0.044447459280490875, -0.030260328203439713, 0.01603214256465435, 0.011291219852864742, -0.021520620211958885, -0.0009761480614542961, -0.06510962545871735, -0.010103915818035603, 0.048197947442531586, -0.016309943050146103, -0.01932484842836857, -0.006919323932379484, -0.027620771899819374, 0.024170665070414543, -0.025223184376955032, -0.003128462703898549, 0.043816693127155304, -0.022889461368322372, -0.0221867673099041, 0.006713487207889557, -0.03534453362226486, -0.013513768091797829, -0.048085033893585205, 0.0169368926435709, 0.07770426571369171, 0.004855726845562458, -0.007044061552733183, 0.02841917611658573, -0.0023573508951812983, -0.03607126325368881, 0.0026721747126430273, 0.0479426272213459, -0.03404395282268524, -0.053138796240091324, 0.06510298699140549, 0.003185442415997386, -0.04648064449429512, 0.060289155691862106, 0.021585706621408463, 0.01699444279074669, 0.018465163186192513, -0.07496074587106705, -0.05544086545705795, 0.004293989390134811, -0.03174956142902374, 0.052377425134181976, -0.04144728183746338, -0.013699357397854328, 0.00808914378285408, 0.0613412968814373, 0.031297389417886734, 0.03204502910375595, 0.05437752231955528, 0.020214291289448738, -0.014158283360302448, -0.045397885143756866, -0.002392455702647567, 0.0012737603392452002, -0.016445698216557503, -0.03717853128910065, -0.07234610617160797, 0.015954576432704926, 0.030957886949181557, -0.03891346976161003, 0.02043147385120392, 0.028444917872548103, -0.0010450511472299695, 0.015611925162374973, -0.01133421715348959, 0.013940601609647274, -0.04465169832110405, 0.07842142879962921, 0.015212449245154858, 0.027252506464719772, -0.013381046243011951, -0.005256840959191322, 0.03348451852798462, 0.03257520869374275, 0.02442794293165207, 0.016809068620204926, -0.0024272985756397247, -0.00925358571112156, -0.01918957196176052, 0.022045157849788666, 0.0018274899339303374, -0.07716812193393707, -0.011838231235742569, -0.005207514390349388, -0.040620043873786926, -0.01810167357325554, 0.022422630339860916, 0.009936148300766945, -0.022276373580098152, 0.054620105773210526, -0.07107603549957275, -0.016357824206352234, -0.07018299400806427, 0.011139776557683945, 0.0037874195259064436, -0.0012005179887637496, 0.005702932830899954, 0.005764138884842396, 0.03655289113521576, -0.008377243764698505, -0.00407931674271822, -0.022854257375001907, 0.00046000556903891265, 0.03334261104464531, -0.024328911677002907, -0.005760537460446358, 0.013333593495190144, 0.05031783878803253, -0.024331849068403244, 0.05528118088841438, -0.030753282830119133, -0.04718628525733948, 0.027455244213342667, -0.04500617831945419, 0.004819719586521387, -0.03198694810271263, -0.05092325434088707, 0.03006850741803646, -0.001336327870376408, -0.01432495191693306, 0.012547331862151623, -0.04471495747566223, 0.022925617173314095, 0.06358484923839569, 0.05805392563343048, 0.01792655512690544, -0.019934693351387978, -0.00017811050929594785, 0.006084779277443886, -0.07313209027051926, -0.021408449858427048, -0.03276984021067619, -0.01689358986914158, 0.03681284934282303, 0.010800076648592949, -0.043230537325143814, 0.04046955332159996, 0.03600214421749115, -0.016008712351322174, 0.018563173711299896, 0.029004445299506187, -0.02284369245171547, 0.005011159926652908, 0.02729020081460476, 0.023852434009313583, 0.00666241766884923, -0.014506231062114239, 0.014258754439651966, 0.03703688457608223, 0.03729958087205887, -0.0147748664021492, -0.031012795865535736, 0.043579086661338806, -0.021825995296239853, -0.018752967938780785, -0.014089986681938171, -0.03578750044107437, 0.05759309604763985, -0.05439457669854164, -0.011135983280837536, 0.0045481533743441105, 0.043910831212997437, 0.007520746439695358, 0.014901939779520035, -0.03441289812326431, 0.008099147118628025, 0.052000779658555984, -0.04875166341662407, 0.027758397161960602, 0.0403730645775795, -0.03366664797067642, 0.04226337745785713, -0.014299461618065834, -0.009654234163463116, -0.04930117353796959, 0.0012413597432896495, 0.019222572445869446, -0.007291605230420828, -0.0016286884201690555, 0.0025291484780609608, -0.041165661066770554, 0.026016561314463615, 0.006646513938903809, 0.02401951514184475, -0.009024818427860737, -0.03684525191783905, -0.0025264471769332886, 0.013180477544665337, -0.042830001562833786, 0.01823418401181698, 0.01212445180863142, -0.013049721717834473, 0.04108899459242821, -0.014088401570916176, -0.07605791091918945, -0.06870124489068985, 0.009579095058143139, 0.010648341849446297, -0.03342708945274353, -0.0277948509901762, 0.0024574873968958855, -0.0009301076643168926, -0.0020118816755712032, -0.017854975536465645, -0.05460162088274956, 0.015883132815361023, -0.03430444374680519, -0.02332990989089012, 0.010621474124491215, -0.009120993316173553, 0.02193431183695793, 0.032684046775102615, -0.02114599198102951, -0.030367018654942513, -0.0800512284040451, -0.039854809641838074, 0.03633497655391693, 0.050148218870162964, 0.029203005135059357, 0.007375979330390692, 0.021669931709766388, 0.08975891768932343, -0.017890969291329384, -0.03121952898800373, -0.07052502036094666, -0.005340001545846462, -0.008403420448303223, -0.05302320048213005, -0.00010060963541036472, -0.010382615961134434, 0.03806009516119957, 0.02022545598447323, -0.008869473822414875, -0.03294937312602997, 0.04315514490008354, 0.03597087413072586, 0.0025055448058992624, 0.025273263454437256, -0.02524511329829693, 0.004463956691324711, 0.03258334845304489, -0.008244463242590427, -0.0009102388867177069, 0.0474267341196537, 0.016606610268354416, 0.01720692776143551, -0.010481138713657856, -0.0398324690759182, -0.0049326494336128235, -0.019591117277741432, 0.0058027952909469604, -0.0010944174136966467, 0.00607325742021203, -0.023363837972283363, -0.0313958041369915, -0.010321770794689655, 0.0011011615861207247, 0.04793413728475571, -0.008324547670781612, 0.013369905762374401, 0.017128875479102135, 0.023417336866259575, -0.03054622747004032, -0.0007483753142878413, -0.030085861682891846, -0.0457247830927372, 0.02613796480000019, -0.008432927541434765, 0.02105911448597908, 0.03882841393351555, 0.012917340733110905, -0.004084213171154261, 0.000285653950413689, -0.023179292678833008, 0.04034445434808731, -0.057978447526693344, -0.01755371317267418, -0.023920444771647453, 0.05835411697626114, 0.0028671626932919025, 0.04604330286383629, 0.03971083089709282, 0.024369820952415466, 0.03664553910493851, 0.02400321513414383, -0.06513726711273193, 0.033140890300273895, -0.04326336830854416, 0.019198492169380188, -0.0037023259792476892, 0.011053294874727726, 0.016545265913009644, 0.004716720897704363, 0.014272969216108322, -0.024948840960860252, 0.04587733745574951, -0.01821659505367279, -0.022737635299563408, -0.005398666486144066, -0.03053124062716961, -0.03519429266452789, 0.012026947923004627, 0.020549453794956207, -0.010874840430915356, 0.021780719980597496, 0.06690293550491333, -0.01860935054719448, -0.029409879818558693, -0.025339040905237198, -0.01656636781990528, 0.0036715520545840263, 0.059129778295755386, 0.042124729603528976, -0.004266358446329832, -0.044922973960638046, 0.025423070415854454, 0.01943502016365528, 0.018490253016352654, 0.04922458156943321, 0.022858865559101105, -0.01298507023602724, -0.016504943370819092, -0.019809892401099205, 0.0018163950880989432, -0.02112644910812378, 0.025415735319256783, -0.003936124965548515, 0.08543029427528381, 0.002351078437641263, -0.018810486420989037, -0.015531254932284355, 0.06671182811260223, 0.03602789714932442, -0.01116711925715208, -0.018578579649329185, 0.02453034743666649, 0.028735172003507614, 0.0044720047153532505, 0.0030389155726879835, 0.006339781917631626, 0.0007819223101250827, 0.011150856502354145, 0.013963171280920506, 0.022206535562872887, 0.0027701985090970993, -0.014252491295337677, 0.02186446264386177, 0.04907061532139778, -0.031528256833553314, -0.04319441318511963, 0.007571699097752571, 0.05747251212596893, 0.012321004644036293, 0.012321121990680695, -0.015005799010396004, -0.09602215141057968, 0.026238372549414635, 0.004919176455587149, 0.0335339792072773, -0.039657771587371826, -0.01999129354953766, -0.04511814936995506, -0.008643265813589096, 0.024973440915346146, -0.01511143147945404, -0.006064137443900108, 0.014805917628109455, -0.0011147427139803767, -0.02550491690635681, -0.016944346949458122, -0.05674862861633301, 0.026351049542427063, -0.02683272399008274, 0.01600431278347969, -0.0117495721206069, -0.03220626339316368, -0.013357341289520264, 0.03744722902774811, 0.020460331812500954, 0.06813646107912064, 0.009344689548015594, 0.0028947582468390465, -0.00669146329164505, 0.024316705763339996, -0.03653490170836449, -0.041223663836717606, 0.04600808024406433, -0.005714204162359238, 0.010156984440982342, 0.05152827128767967, -0.017035091295838356, -0.03845572471618652, 0.031826503574848175, 0.0338100828230381, -0.043721236288547516, -0.022460291162133217, -0.03592636436223984, 0.0033137432765215635, 0.006327090784907341, -0.005881824064999819, 0.08128990978002548, 0.007327011786401272, -0.0026181822177022696, 0.007492330390959978, -0.02379361353814602, 0.012764773331582546, -0.017939096316695213, -0.04030601307749748, -0.01965266838669777, -0.02233508601784706, -0.015987282618880272, -0.024460237473249435, -0.006331042852252722, 0.02802211232483387, -0.06222838535904884, -0.012979320250451565, 0.003297814168035984, 0.02116839587688446, 0.00398159958422184, -0.0005625148769468069, 0.0199294313788414, 0.027318445965647697, -0.022605156525969505, -0.008505173027515411, 0.01873348280787468, -0.016003509983420372, 0.0058308010920882225, 0.0028531644493341446, -0.048939336091279984, -0.007321106735616922, -0.015044617466628551, -0.016276201233267784, 0.0461166575551033, 0.017488308250904083, 0.047337304800748825, 0.01826256699860096, 0.004040122963488102, -0.0037557692267000675, -0.06260503828525543, -0.0037498760502785444, 0.039665766060352325, -0.021684907376766205, 0.03349906951189041, -0.03441575914621353, 0.0015623850049450994, -0.034483831375837326, -0.021743694320321083, -0.07686010003089905, -0.03958618640899658, 0.012493664398789406, -0.0033528064377605915, -0.0023374303709715605, -0.028671879321336746, -0.00830050092190504, -0.07592357695102692, -0.03981523588299751, -0.008420654572546482, 0.051436252892017365, -0.019379528239369392, 0.028762131929397583, -0.019351748749613762, -0.003626849502325058, 0.027971932664513588, 0.0248950757086277, -0.0005741338827647269, 0.01695438288152218, -0.0014490989269688725, -0.003334185341373086, 0.013914869166910648, -0.007013052701950073, -0.03623390942811966, 0.021081898361444473, -0.049170807003974915, 0.021075496450066566, 0.05817543342709541, -0.005790111143141985, -0.011286379769444466, -0.0019788399804383516, 0.0027532384265214205, -0.00414558919146657, -0.033586107194423676, -0.020449433475732803, -0.019363224506378174, 0.02246757782995701, -0.021790537983179092, 0.007656570989638567, -0.01518646627664566, -0.004309000913053751, 0.029580092057585716, 0.01053751539438963, 0.01361281331628561, 0.018728993833065033, 0.055676382035017014, 0.0029944207053631544, -0.000251574267167598, 0.0022077010944485664, 0.01511392556130886, -0.001308828010223806, -0.009578695520758629, 0.03886755555868149, 0.010567139834165573, 0.04461761191487312, -0.028305841609835625, -0.08120211213827133, -0.01899980939924717, -0.016301270574331284, 0.02415989153087139, -0.012580261565744877, 0.05563631281256676, 0.03516960144042969, -0.01710212416946888, -0.02451263554394245, -0.03047112561762333, -0.03642357140779495, 0.016655758023262024, 0.00728716142475605, 0.05686597526073456, 0.019005311653017998, 0.014755642972886562, 0.010458414442837238, 0.01881016045808792, 0.02783101797103882, 0.044303685426712036, 0.02504511922597885, 0.014959096908569336, 0.05171317979693413, -0.039656348526477814, -0.035519469529390335, 0.0409865565598011, -0.018487263470888138, 0.02292640320956707, -0.03179876506328583, -0.016107045114040375, 0.04147585481405258, 0.030811065807938576, 0.012005764991044998, -0.05636328086256981, -0.010319055989384651, -0.03858545795083046, 0.03195572644472122, 0.038476359099149704, 0.0022466701921075583, 0.028747159987688065, 0.02983677200973034, 0.021568773314356804, 0.010344987735152245, 0.04945095255970955, -0.01056034304201603, -0.08821985125541687, -0.01096349023282528, -0.036728743463754654, -0.02565060555934906, 0.03459092974662781, 0.008746670559048653, -0.009962547570466995, 0.03460196778178215, -0.010150368325412273, 0.014903402887284756, 0.005642599426209927, 0.04695707559585571, 0.015760377049446106, 0.08167468756437302, -0.022327985614538193, 0.026936255395412445, -0.010357909835875034, -0.004539364483207464, 0.1509442925453186, 0.08641857653856277, 0.039986997842788696, -0.11596877127885818, 0.02039918676018715, 0.011377242393791676, -0.023936579003930092, -0.029971236363053322, -0.036318376660346985, 0.013006218709051609, -0.011034395545721054, 0.00999605655670166, 0.04288342967629433, 0.00550118088722229, 0.020493431016802788, 0.03595392405986786, -0.04771055281162262, -0.010109851136803627, 0.019527627155184746, -0.012343543581664562, -0.010113357566297054, -0.0171953272074461, -0.04024307057261467, 0.025806957855820656, -0.007240575738251209, -0.033093251287937164, -0.021841280162334442, -0.02085896022617817, 0.02763139083981514, -0.04452904313802719, -0.02926649898290634, -0.029407862573862076, 0.015949364751577377, 0.024672776460647583, 0.022233113646507263, 0.00653642974793911, 0.02610534243285656, -0.015441511757671833, 0.032146960496902466, 0.020230228081345558, 0.0034510742407292128, 0.012217450886964798, -0.0376422218978405, 0.011159680783748627, -0.024568209424614906, -0.003595443442463875, -0.033476322889328, 0.03752709552645683, -0.016913173720240593, -0.0036242816131561995, -0.02261035516858101, 0.006444565486162901, 0.0050773280672729015, -0.017369432374835014, 0.0025577552150934935, 0.0325343944132328, 0.015332375653088093, -0.028577672317624092, -0.0008899560198187828, -0.0435878224670887, -0.009027950465679169, 0.00013072213914711028, 0.022718550637364388, -0.0033796082716435194, -0.03700443357229233, 0.022536423057317734, -0.021327225491404533, 0.02694007381796837, -0.01790437661111355, 0.019909877330064774, -0.01949102059006691, -0.01497887447476387, -0.025327401235699654, -0.029280437156558037, 0.023533659055829048, 0.014164075255393982, 0.01510713528841734, -0.03880438581109047, 0.014186792075634003, -0.047303684055805206, -0.06332425773143768, 0.02962806075811386, -0.03787772357463837, -0.0068522486835718155, -0.036010246723890305, 0.03363336622714996, 0.051555052399635315, 0.032663602381944656, 0.017866548150777817, -0.015474824234843254, -0.025845976546406746, 0.027768362313508987, 0.01814662106335163, -0.07778332382440567, 0.00015008897753432393, -0.001902347314171493, -0.0196156557649374, -0.004760118667036295, -0.0008800483774393797, 0.04959094896912575, 0.004006857052445412, 0.006665567867457867, -0.032630518078804016, 0.007334745954722166, -0.030191408470273018, -0.0029705774504691362, -0.004421894904226065, -0.01485447771847248, -0.02846888266503811, -0.01934492588043213, -0.022374093532562256, -0.027725419029593468, 0.00959356315433979, -0.029585372656583786, -0.04882218688726425, 0.03957820311188698, -0.050122130662202835, -0.04786892235279083, 0.034782130271196365, 0.01667778566479683, 0.013312495313584805, -0.007094630505889654, 0.009250045754015446, -0.025945046916604042, -0.04884220287203789, 0.020493021234869957, -0.047780174762010574, 0.0046316031366586685, -0.0012698678765445948, 0.004796714521944523, -0.009407903999090195, 0.02199345827102661, 0.007305522449314594, 0.044759128242731094, 0.002835182473063469, 0.011838926933705807, -0.025375880300998688, 0.05250610038638115, -0.03710421547293663, -0.039103057235479355, 0.00694282166659832, -0.030904928222298622, -0.01471726968884468, 0.006323762703686953, -0.0029333068523555994, 0.03288522735238075, 0.012515476904809475, -0.0061471471562981606, -0.008790138177573681, 0.012862415052950382, -0.044914767146110535, -0.001150128897279501, -0.007831512950360775, 0.017314450815320015, 0.0009289896697737277, 0.023349231109023094, 0.0312911756336689, -0.012477120384573936, -0.01290798094123602, 0.0375533252954483, 0.04588698595762253, 0.021590393036603928, -0.012948508374392986, 0.035723812878131866, -0.007795704063028097, 0.05777713656425476, 0.013277501799166203, 0.014031859114766121, 0.054886311292648315, 0.01554685179144144, -0.024335797876119614, 0.030137740075588226, -0.020410483703017235, 0.007026595529168844, -0.07018055766820908, -0.03399403393268585, -0.004769585095345974, -0.019300034269690514, 0.04792812839150429, -0.026171507313847542, 0.03280864655971527, 0.044594958424568176, -0.04902154579758644, -0.006447258871048689, 0.013397625647485256, 0.015542983077466488, -0.01700431853532791, 0.002892166143283248, -0.03812231495976448, 0.027136143296957016, 0.009416875429451466, 0.0021842047572135925, 0.03807283565402031, 0.042639054358005524, 0.03025827556848526, -0.028686316683888435, -0.013689183630049229, -0.014551792293787003, 0.042902279645204544, -0.06756627559661865, 0.03809381276369095, -0.05297150835394859, -0.038856372237205505, 0.013763663358986378, 0.024260247126221657, 0.020023604854941368, 0.017014801502227783, 0.01756002940237522, 0.007758118212223053, 0.059293173253536224, 0.026395926252007484, -0.04047714173793793, -0.005096535664051771, 0.0086201261729002, 0.03177551180124283, 0.019623631611466408, -0.03203096613287926, 0.0004058592312503606, -0.006715599913150072, 0.007699835114181042, -0.02079588733613491, 0.02902224473655224, -0.03584212437272072, -0.036353543400764465, -0.03697305917739868, -0.025479180738329887, -0.04379558935761452, -0.06050939857959747, 0.004153728019446135, -0.006942136213183403, -0.007193107157945633, 0.034759387373924255, 0.023579204455018044, -0.017373276874423027, -0.009795082733035088, -0.010206379927694798, -0.05383479967713356, 0.022231947630643845, -0.010118549689650536, -0.010029256343841553, -0.0330430269241333, 0.015771131962537766, 0.0011711858678609133, -0.012962652370333672, -0.0378311425447464, -0.012110607698559761, -0.046076513826847076, 0.024067021906375885, -0.023718545213341713, 0.029382050037384033, 0.04083360359072685, -0.014719826169312, 0.03008154034614563, -0.06904974579811096, 0.08339140564203262, -0.005027041304856539, -0.01706506870687008, -0.047848980873823166, -0.017581947147846222, -0.005997722968459129, -0.01892017014324665, 0.03761681541800499, -0.009076650254428387, -0.009669219143688679, 0.0003584526712074876, 0.06540687382221222, -0.009862538427114487, -0.024371137842535973, 0.022569039836525917, 0.003887511556968093, -0.007338430732488632, -0.043548762798309326, -0.005397722590714693, 0.016017915681004524, -0.01209324412047863, 0.0022979211062192917, 0.02609863691031933, -0.003475535660982132, 0.00002241840229544323, -0.01397035364061594, 0.008976811543107033, -0.005083022639155388, -0.00921714399009943, 0.06762002408504486, 0.003451770870015025, 0.037018321454524994, 0.005456084385514259, -0.0034752876963466406, -0.027054453268647194, 0.01895182579755783, -0.04934270679950714, -0.011993086896836758, -0.01892557553946972, 0.016460958868265152, -0.008354885503649712, -0.02901558019220829, 0.010631398297846317, 0.014705934561789036, -0.022704338654875755, 0.01438531931489706, 0.027336904779076576, -0.018723826855421066, 0.026243697851896286, -0.01728052832186222, 0.038342367857694626, 0.004306972026824951, 0.008336726576089859, -0.018373334780335426, 0.004257424268871546, 0.051046162843704224, -0.00898736622184515, 0.007303664926439524, 0.04364590346813202, -0.01025461032986641, 0.021166935563087463, -0.009472387842833996, 0.05498097464442253, -0.004033318255096674, -0.016277097165584564, 0.00616036169230938, 0.008869187906384468, 0.046763449907302856, 0.04326152428984642, -0.023832926526665688, 0.037798523902893066, -0.07424373179674149, 0.00785926915705204, -0.03348163887858391, -0.024889258667826653, 0.005687901750206947, 0.01626308634877205, 0.02195071429014206, 0.02649131789803505, 0.03767745941877365, 0.034855227917432785, 0.024448702111840248, -0.028657035902142525, 0.023836854845285416, 0.0010550739243626595, -0.05295947194099426, 0.008635119535028934, -0.011136497370898724, -0.007208988070487976, -0.015434029512107372, -0.011188880540430546, -0.03743770718574524, 0.02176767773926258, 0.037556007504463196, 0.069945327937603, -0.03823991119861603, 0.005835365038365126, -0.002970447763800621, 0.06255677342414856, -0.06496203690767288, -0.01434700284153223, -0.03934163227677345, -0.0019360830774530768, -0.0038687230553478003, -0.008262895978987217 ]
<p>The likelihood could be defined by several ways, for instance :</p> <ul> <li><p>the function $L$ from $\Theta\times{\cal X}$ which maps $(\theta,x)$ to $L(\theta \mid x)$</p></li> <li><p>the random function $L(\cdot \mid X)$</p></li> <li><p>we could also consider that the likelihood is only the "observed" likelihood $L(\cdot \mid x^{\text{obs}})$</p></li> <li><p>in practice the likelihood brings information on $\theta$ only up to a multiplicative constant, hence we could consider the likelihood as an equivalence class of functions rather than a function</p></li> </ul> <p>Another question occurs when considering change of parametrization: if $\phi=\theta^2$ is the new parameterization we commonly denote by $L(\phi \mid x)$ the likelihood on $\phi$ and this is not the evaluation of the previous function $L(\cdot \mid x)$ at $\theta^2$ but at $\sqrt{\theta}$. This is an abusive but useful notation which could cause difficulties to beginners if it is not emphasized.</p> <p>What is your favorite rigorous definition of the likelihood ? </p> <p>In addition how do you call $L(\theta \mid x)$ ? I usually say something like "the likelihood on $\theta$ when $x$ is observed".</p> <p>EDIT: In view of some comments below, I realize I should have precised the context. I consider a statistical model given by a parametric family $\{f(\cdot \mid \theta), \theta \in \Theta\}$ of densities with respect to some dominating measure, with each $f(\cdot \mid \theta)$ defined on the observations space ${\cal X}$. Hence we define $L(\theta \mid x)=f(x \mid \theta)$ and the question is "what is $L$ ?" (the question is not about a general definition of the likelihood)</p>
36,735
[ -0.03985581919550896, 0.01085508894175291, 0.019027093425393105, -0.046759966760873795, -0.03391708806157112, 0.04607023671269417, -0.015979664400219917, -0.01245597843080759, 0.002743006916716695, -0.028164932504296303, 0.03543674200773239, 0.05222492665052414, 0.08740942180156708, 0.005289954598993063, 0.0238766111433506, 0.021269163116812706, -0.023872483521699905, 0.028375132009387016, -0.04009796306490898, 0.0007193866767920554, 0.032388631254434586, 0.03819926455616951, 0.0003745048597920686, -0.015028067864477634, -0.019230682402849197, 0.03253721445798874, 0.03532044216990471, -0.03444265201687813, -0.006084289867430925, 0.07519540935754776, -0.03872131556272507, -0.0058134691789746284, 0.03759130835533142, 0.007119547110050917, 0.014717631042003632, -0.009075076319277287, -0.01044383179396391, -0.0034379467833787203, 0.02184455655515194, 0.06038388982415199, -0.07416567951440811, -0.015157587826251984, 0.011478123255074024, 0.05131840705871582, -0.002598815131932497, 0.03736104816198349, -0.01103235688060522, -0.007359655573964119, 0.011219203472137451, -0.046748872846364975, 0.06273260712623596, 0.005908317398279905, -0.00792716909199953, 0.05756090581417084, -0.027063552290201187, -0.0052935779094696045, 0.02365904115140438, 0.05175415426492691, -0.012095221318304539, -0.05247093364596367, -0.062744140625, -0.03638617321848869, 0.05805535614490509, -0.01947633922100067, 0.009335224516689777, 0.04173118248581886, 0.015909705311059952, -0.021803103387355804, 0.04862150549888611, -0.023771805688738823, -0.011964335106313229, 0.016516992822289467, 0.046548061072826385, -0.012369618751108646, 0.0037870074156671762, -0.005364725366234779, -0.0077199446968734264, 0.03314127027988434, 0.040553685277700424, 0.011107875034213066, 0.027416463941335678, 0.015696227550506592, 0.019177960231900215, 0.03354703262448311, -0.007858840748667717, 0.02397281676530838, 0.09359488636255264, 0.0069986386224627495, 0.024485575035214424, 0.02271205373108387, -0.028014598414301872, 0.04387308657169342, 0.008775047957897186, -0.0656389445066452, -0.030132103711366653, 0.03270233795046806, -0.008258931338787079, 0.002211363986134529, 0.004093562718480825, 0.003198055550456047, -0.01076450850814581, -0.047490693628787994, -0.017323371022939682, 0.04691476374864578, -0.03189904987812042, -0.014223149977624416, 0.008510833606123924, -0.026366496458649635, -0.03849421441555023, -0.021535057574510574, 0.0019210433820262551, 0.03404536843299866, 0.020583072677254677, 0.06650373339653015, -0.032054055482149124, -0.011595247313380241, -0.005700263194739819, 0.011839667335152626, 0.06384998559951782, 0.03294830769300461, 0.028901292011141777, -0.03282814845442772, -0.003049170132726431, -0.021223492920398712, -0.06606903672218323, 0.04130852222442627, 0.00941177736967802, -0.015664905309677124, -0.04844331741333008, 0.024392399936914444, 0.01089656725525856, -0.0233515202999115, 0.038098398596048355, 0.018216999247670174, 0.005386398173868656, -0.014020279049873352, -0.05896923691034317, -0.05154161527752876, 0.052656639367341995, 0.020710190758109093, 0.013255028054118156, -0.023798584938049316, -0.000025406527129234746, 0.048721086233854294, 0.01640419103205204, 0.008873730897903442, 0.04446900263428688, 0.01721479557454586, 0.006219019647687674, -0.01516806147992611, -0.014833991415798664, -0.01897307299077511, -0.0019727186299860477, -0.025600017979741096, -0.005617831367999315, -0.012455353513360023, 0.014385447837412357, 0.02298116497695446, -0.016521522775292397, -0.0263304952532053, 0.06633155792951584, -0.054067131131887436, -0.04724658653140068, 0.0035496875643730164, 0.017661061137914658, -0.020681725814938545, 0.06283904612064362, 0.007687963079661131, 0.024774374440312386, 0.014580939896404743, -0.023343052715063095, 0.003684355178847909, -0.0044555277563631535, 0.031682614237070084, 0.062316637486219406, -0.04626885801553726, -0.04998168721795082, -0.049371130764484406, -0.00045657341252081096, 0.009738010354340076, -0.03597765043377876, 0.0028495825827121735, -0.005666754208505154, 0.008767046965658665, 0.014477073214948177, 0.014041817747056484, 0.02829676680266857, -0.03471655771136284, 0.02980128861963749, -0.057562053203582764, -0.00421795342117548, -0.04669485241174698, -0.0007978287758305669, -0.03902493044734001, -0.004931408446282148, 0.053642407059669495, -0.016114162281155586, -0.01989792287349701, -0.00899842195212841, -0.005536740180104971, -0.02292810194194317, -0.0022674035280942917, 0.018042072653770447, -0.021963639184832573, 0.041467055678367615, 0.04928326606750488, 0.0351727269589901, -0.0055396961979568005, 0.014169953763484955, -0.019417643547058105, -0.004506699275225401, -0.016618315130472183, -0.0064704278483986855, 0.032471396028995514, -0.012263027019798756, -0.029165811836719513, -0.05004269257187843, -0.03153027966618538, -0.023033486679196358, 0.04741287976503372, -0.05700575187802315, 0.03581741079688072, 0.09227262437343597, 0.009432563558220863, 0.020593583583831787, 0.04385816678404808, 0.0024623493663966656, -0.004430378321558237, 0.004955916665494442, -0.013352600857615471, -0.03187837824225426, -0.007471209391951561, 0.06951926648616791, 0.04005810618400574, -0.013086146675050259, 0.017256688326597214, 0.04631553217768669, 0.017175043001770973, -0.0010137755889445543, -0.0077192094177007675, -0.02698342129588127, -0.04851481691002846, 0.009499112144112587, -0.02426244132220745, -0.006033780984580517, 0.0047838808968663216, 0.026745973154902458, -0.036855969578027725, 0.028773322701454163, 0.016474422067403793, 0.020736614242196083, 0.06916043907403946, 0.04149721562862396, -0.012653160840272903, -0.03047366254031658, -0.0009193080477416515, 0.01151969376951456, -0.011997472494840622, 0.047167129814624786, 0.010419548489153385, -0.005384983494877815, -0.024035945534706116, -0.005734266247600317, 0.026260247454047203, 0.012849290855228901, 0.00911414809525013, 0.01656660996377468, 0.010512713342905045, 0.03972242772579193, -0.02598143368959427, 0.010572290048003197, -0.0028025577776134014, -0.057402387261390686, 0.011484242975711823, -0.020343609154224396, -0.011347904801368713, -0.01146253664046526, -0.014033672399818897, -0.02768847346305847, -0.04476282000541687, 0.01625584438443184, 0.0037139945197850466, 0.06054029241204262, 0.022922534495592117, -0.005148967262357473, -0.01165737584233284, -0.03157185763120651, -0.028645090758800507, -0.0045776767656207085, -0.018388938158750534, -0.013653130270540714, 0.01207551546394825, -0.018654465675354004, -0.04119720309972763, -0.034887950867414474, -0.0009242313681170344, -0.012628046795725822, -0.008373995311558247, -0.011439844965934753, 0.037965286523103714, -0.015336881391704082, -0.024930456653237343, -0.008541682735085487, -0.04499885067343712, -0.019795427098870277, -0.03624342381954193, 0.010794829577207565, 0.021746713668107986, 0.012177878059446812, 0.050884369760751724, 0.03978513181209564, -0.03498777374625206, 0.0025206292048096657, -0.08424262702465057, -0.02346397191286087, -0.009305213578045368, -0.022570427507162094, 0.035063132643699646, 0.008626356720924377, -0.03846598044037819, 0.042597755789756775, 0.03765681013464928, 0.004981889855116606, -0.023380473256111145, 0.04162812978029251, -0.0011695867870002985, -0.0347101129591465, 0.010903747752308846, -0.014440527185797691, -0.014887049794197083, 0.012866190634667873, 0.013530964031815529, -0.007561094593256712, 0.008149578236043453, 0.02028590254485607, 0.025999924167990685, 0.04093353822827339, -0.0008251918479800224, -0.03896325081586838, 0.025138409808278084, 0.06146787479519844, 0.008196335285902023, 0.002749070292338729, -0.030934525653719902, 0.029195468872785568, 0.027937814593315125, -0.051946740597486496, 0.03266367316246033, 0.02508528158068657, -0.03413305804133415, -0.0333590991795063, 0.051527705043554306, 0.044969405978918076, -0.06605933606624603, -0.008959860540926456, 0.006324506364762783, -0.005265655927360058, -0.017825156450271606, -0.015536895021796227, -0.0016087171388790011, 0.03071759082376957, -0.04587983340024948, -0.007083629723638296, -0.015465984120965004, -0.004803705494850874, 0.020783787593245506, -0.015950769186019897, -0.04594796895980835, -0.0028890541289001703, 0.03280169889330864, -0.022123754024505615, -0.026131965219974518, -0.02395634911954403, -0.028997406363487244, -0.036191828548908234, -0.005771748721599579, -0.006242194678634405, 0.02197333425283432, 0.029772309586405754, 0.04330570250749588, 0.006060509942471981, -0.012487158179283142, 0.01104525662958622, 0.0044401101768016815, -0.08169964700937271, -0.0020104777067899704, -0.021781038492918015, 0.000219431531149894, -0.015384675934910774, -0.015547294169664383, 0.04389934986829758, -0.014684571884572506, -0.0037071648985147476, -0.055196139961481094, -0.007844961248338223, -0.013607831671833992, 0.026282550767064095, 0.003240288468077779, -0.041711561381816864, -0.0062672533094882965, 0.03709294646978378, 0.06507979333400726, -0.007032055873423815, 0.03238145262002945, 0.05090376362204552, 0.014863962307572365, -0.011426730081439018, -0.030475705862045288, -0.005746577866375446, 0.009140313602983952, 0.0036542080342769623, -0.01765531115233898, -0.017145724967122078, -0.025554737076163292, 0.061159852892160416, 0.03135453909635544, 0.07532061636447906, 0.05061336234211922, -0.02648620866239071, 0.005189689341932535, -0.024137556552886963, -0.010491526685655117, -0.02769598737359047, 0.050040632486343384, 0.027279071509838104, -0.02024402655661106, 0.07064508646726608, 0.03038901276886463, 0.01349900383502245, 0.01517428271472454, 0.0063613951206207275, -0.029214752838015556, -0.00221795286051929, 0.010257277637720108, 0.010353975929319859, -0.007855158299207687, 0.002361988415941596, 0.010555967688560486, 0.004601956345140934, 0.03361465409398079, 0.01171670388430357, 0.016425881534814835, -0.016248153522610664, -0.02197076380252838, -0.01372821070253849, 0.012658891268074512, 0.0004732452507596463, -0.005065400619059801, -0.016673918813467026, 0.022245561704039574, 0.0340215228497982, 0.028474347665905952, 0.038501352071762085, 0.0016834422713145614, -0.05749167129397392, 0.008464070037007332, 0.031501978635787964, 0.03060775250196457, -0.03027990832924843, -0.002951100468635559, 0.002090135822072625, -0.023458149284124374, 0.018222453072667122, 0.008005747571587563, 0.009085286408662796, -0.06372731924057007, -0.01032787561416626, -0.032950401306152344, -0.030347593128681183, -0.03455951064825058, 0.008827520534396172, 0.006424604915082455, 0.011314570903778076, -0.031312793493270874, 0.026755280792713165, -0.03126911818981171, 0.002976110903546214, 0.0020610063802450895, 0.04617011174559593, -0.003846628125756979, -0.05374499037861824, 0.017266754060983658, -0.001292590401135385, -0.008344322443008423, -0.055809177458286285, 0.02815672755241394, 0.006831142585724592, -0.022992251440882683, -0.016510389745235443, -0.015705198049545288, -0.04808872565627098, 0.02783043310046196, -0.014675991609692574, -0.03569125011563301, 0.048919834196567535, -0.014856994152069092, 0.060778770595788956, 0.0624256357550621, 0.054013941437006, 0.08215280622243881, 0.024754926562309265, 0.004703182727098465, 0.001565914019010961, -0.04224429652094841, -0.024266721680760384, -0.04632795602083206, -0.048528410494327545, -0.0528891459107399, 0.0030154227279126644, -0.04775833338499069, 0.026409054175019264, 0.010822413489222527, 0.018409783020615578, -0.04164782539010048, -0.027533894404768944, -0.01703903079032898, 0.04646531492471695, -0.011789290234446526, 0.006417376920580864, 0.0009469147189520299, 0.013299203477799892, 0.03441957011818886, 0.01666000671684742, -0.013246797025203705, -0.06049781292676926, 0.028775226324796677, 0.013942472636699677, 0.005383695941418409, 0.009273039177060127, -0.024790501222014427, -0.009926285594701767, 0.0363965779542923, -0.006952162366360426, 0.04920932278037071, 0.00915374793112278, -0.011563857086002827, -0.00285200122743845, -0.07138101756572723, -0.06122904643416405, -0.00037578702904284, -0.01295593474060297, 0.019023120403289795, -0.02761100046336651, -0.00628772284835577, -0.0023561022244393826, -0.01366775669157505, -0.03674084693193436, 0.018249206244945526, -0.015415260568261147, -0.02246466651558876, -0.012694980017840862, 0.0036397073417901993, 0.006567173637449741, -0.003473428077995777, -0.046666864305734634, -0.028698910027742386, 0.044602684676647186, -0.004679674748331308, 0.01191063690930605, -0.06311102956533432, 0.02521033212542534, 0.05830242112278938, -0.006518216338008642, -0.006680229678750038, 0.027955256402492523, -0.0008149017812684178, 0.022845424711704254, 0.039497729390859604, 0.018703514710068703, -0.029670627787709236, 0.0028685631696134806, -0.016926493495702744, -0.014308392070233822, -0.011970982886850834, -0.008309490978717804, -0.04713159799575806, 0.020847229287028313, 0.027465127408504486, -0.02252167835831642, 0.005840219557285309, -0.04055783897638321, -0.02397971600294113, 0.029523618519306183, -0.00018542255565989763, -0.007614457979798317, 0.016035152599215508, -0.010870087891817093, 0.04938136041164398, -0.0261523500084877, -0.026535656303167343, 0.005382256582379341, 0.06511841714382172, -0.04071662947535515, -0.0018849547486752272, 0.025565357878804207, 0.02339288964867592, 0.02834245190024376, 0.015622241422533989, 0.032958440482616425, 0.014113958925008774, 0.016529588028788567, -0.0303961168974638, 0.004654563032090664, -0.07524770498275757, -0.025818755850195885, 0.0640954002737999, 0.003947391174733639, 0.028905315324664116, 0.02046867460012436, -0.037068307399749756, 0.02171242982149124, -0.07018175721168518, -0.026289548724889755, -0.06661122292280197, 0.011165443807840347, 0.0465141236782074, -0.056851647794246674, -0.02301332913339138, 0.03101031668484211, 0.002166967373341322, -0.01639438606798649, 0.031333670020103455, -0.009558755904436111, 0.02642199769616127, 0.006221183575689793, -0.04082783684134483, -0.047227587550878525, 0.06479422003030777, -0.05083448067307472, -0.004442841745913029, -0.044408053159713745, -0.013553191907703876, 0.03255682438611984, 0.014623004011809826, 0.02816157042980194, -0.046150125563144684, 0.04280117526650429, -0.07470987737178802, 0.020144186913967133, 0.031417082995176315, 0.011569865979254246, 0.043283767998218536, -0.022114383056759834, 0.054944273084402084, -0.02786460518836975, -0.0075353169813752174, -0.02029549889266491, -0.0465501993894577, -0.03462262824177742, -0.01851290464401245, -0.03489404544234276, 0.02155659906566143, -0.04230419918894768, -0.017619553953409195, -0.011709854938089848, -0.025143781676888466, 0.013194938190281391, -0.008849612437188625, 0.0449860505759716, -0.07097790390253067, 0.06441986560821533, -0.016440030187368393, 0.012538510374724865, -0.035049304366111755, -0.04193141311407089, 0.15652862191200256, 0.033662669360637665, 0.02099819853901863, -0.023961402475833893, 0.02289397083222866, -0.00611339695751667, -0.000721658521797508, -0.011323484592139721, -0.018212655559182167, 0.018779689446091652, -0.011371060274541378, 0.019293995574116707, 0.04929903894662857, -0.009913084097206593, -0.0179232656955719, 0.032410115003585815, -0.022231951355934143, -0.04871252551674843, -0.028221318498253822, -0.014185993932187557, -0.0324556827545166, 0.057896487414836884, -0.03232736513018608, -0.03493082895874977, 0.004955813754349947, 0.00012251346197444946, -0.004058408085256815, -0.010783159174025059, 0.009385325945913792, -0.004300429951399565, -0.045649658888578415, -0.008846981450915337, 0.029102617874741554, 0.014410779811441898, 0.021857449784874916, -0.0008052815683186054, 0.01828189380466938, 0.019270116463303566, 0.013759834691882133, 0.08991894870996475, 0.009192338213324547, 0.023223156109452248, -0.010379182174801826, -0.004488485865294933, -0.038272738456726074, -0.032598525285720825, -0.02432333678007126, 0.04476502537727356, -0.03540927916765213, 0.03031904064118862, -0.017634054645895958, 0.02383275516331196, -0.01600027084350586, -0.02333753928542137, 0.017968351021409035, 0.013240735046565533, 0.044710103422403336, -0.008233458735048771, 0.004506811033934355, -0.00878754910081625, 0.03943031653761864, -0.002136579481884837, 0.04381050914525986, 0.023797910660505295, -0.025302445515990257, -0.00952452514320612, -0.00041718062129803, 0.025669071823358536, -0.010317787528038025, 0.00381039478816092, -0.015489419922232628, -0.002644551685079932, -0.03939508646726608, -0.015831613913178444, 0.009838382713496685, -0.010115829296410084, 0.04489509016275406, -0.016099801287055016, 0.0336461067199707, -0.022563165053725243, -0.06979180872440338, 0.000718451221473515, 0.0029812611173838377, 0.005002066493034363, -0.04950202628970146, -0.00029052866739220917, 0.012416333891451359, 0.03918693959712982, 0.014235013164579868, 0.002658233279362321, 0.014646965079009533, 0.06294520199298859, 0.015401521697640419, -0.047061290591955185, -0.009530097246170044, 0.03492554649710655, 0.01975797489285469, -0.014817623421549797, 0.004261491820216179, 0.018948128446936607, 0.049055956304073334, 0.03567812964320183, -0.03277517110109329, 0.024732617661356926, 0.021312056109309196, 0.02739148773252964, 0.011174609884619713, 0.007136890199035406, 0.00782130379229784, 0.024619020521640778, 0.02939695678651333, 0.015266871079802513, -0.020410042256116867, -0.02444964088499546, 0.017362749204039574, -0.00056312489323318, -0.00431714067235589, -0.051654186099767685, 0.023060357198119164, -0.010794001631438732, -0.0034094909206032753, -0.001263149781152606, -0.013297969475388527, -0.012386507354676723, -0.029532061889767647, -0.007256548386067152, -0.01546813640743494, 0.033436961472034454, 0.008871713653206825, -0.020633455365896225, -0.03515257686376572, 0.02793649584054947, -0.0021911473013460636, 0.0007291317451745272, -0.0319136418402195, 0.009378423914313316, -0.033614300191402435, 0.029895048588514328, -0.008614757098257542, -0.015476839616894722, 0.020488634705543518, -0.030848896130919456, -0.06911011785268784, 0.030287666246294975, 0.025339098647236824, 0.04606732353568077, 0.037400711327791214, 0.027480538934469223, -0.012404725886881351, -0.04153407737612724, -0.028559863567352295, -0.009460988454520702, -0.02410278469324112, -0.019203465431928635, -0.007335100322961807, -0.0062096817418932915, 0.02474270574748516, 0.022778019309043884, 0.02921881340444088, 0.02355930767953396, 0.03937915712594986, 0.009624021127820015, -0.0034810008946806192, 0.028936704620718956, 0.01646951213479042, 0.012866166420280933, -0.02677929401397705, 0.0004365305358078331, 0.03373466804623604, 0.03096376359462738, -0.03675694391131401, 0.038669489324092865, 0.0003799258265644312, -0.0032331710681319237, -0.1002601757645607, -0.04077531397342682, 0.01717280223965645, 0.04224701598286629, 0.03015093319118023, -0.07094849646091461, -0.0034096224699169397, 0.024694137275218964, -0.024008948355913162, 0.008643275126814842, -0.004293173085898161, 0.0014884569682180882, 0.0011163081508129835, -0.0032519339583814144, -0.009956629015505314, 0.04520108923316002, 0.03959265351295471, 0.03866826742887497, 0.01016745250672102, 0.015490967780351639, 0.016343727707862854, -0.023272544145584106, -0.008620540611445904, 0.024929547682404518, -0.002781079849228263, -0.044059041887521744, 0.05366192013025284, -0.021180959418416023, 0.010308006778359413, 0.03686875104904175, 0.05070864036679268, 0.030497483909130096, -0.009417842142283916, 0.018483545631170273, 0.02376716583967209, 0.031087955459952354, 0.0316583476960659, -0.02476254664361477, -0.04547988250851631, 0.03274112567305565, 0.0299114678055048, 0.0450197234749794, -0.040565282106399536, -0.0597902275621891, -0.0060346429236233234, 0.004622910171747208, -0.03523228317499161, 0.024555938318371773, 0.0015797389205545187, -0.011827708221971989, 0.0038707887288182974, -0.05012825131416321, -0.008415439166128635, -0.019415168091654778, 0.011310020461678505, -0.0008973094518296421, 0.01390253659337759, 0.023065825924277306, 0.01214240025728941, -0.02800692245364189, 0.007864763960242271, -0.017998507246375084, -0.021893681958317757, 0.020982004702091217, 0.0014488330343738198, -0.00804984476417303, -0.02384030632674694, -0.04777689278125763, -0.007252183742821217, -0.002598161343485117, 0.012539587914943695, 0.0350886769592762, -0.05295955017209053, 0.03341936692595482, -0.0440974086523056, -0.002385023282840848, -0.0063885231502354145, -0.011827347800135612, 0.000463572156149894, -0.0762256383895874, 0.0706503689289093, 0.01880425401031971, 0.0012947929790243506, -0.03217422589659691, -0.001816532458178699, 0.013836905360221863, 0.018377022817730904, 0.07318566739559174, 0.045668963342905045, -0.026774760335683823, -0.018294882029294968, 0.0642857775092125, 0.06692264974117279, -0.05555170774459839, -0.006288121920078993, -0.01983407884836197, 0.018350372090935707, -0.01269516535103321, -0.028782324865460396, 0.0015711180167272687, 0.009726069867610931, 0.04205654188990593, 0.009425373747944832, -0.006835107691586018, -0.00748862698674202, -0.02349686808884144, 0.036040980368852615, 0.015537120401859283, -0.06174493208527565, 0.04770238324999809, 0.01338435709476471, 0.003395277075469494, 0.026396168395876884, -0.03640814125537872, -0.047554269433021545, -0.014548449777066708, -0.04908031225204468, -0.059263817965984344, 0.002066875109449029, -0.012091186828911304, -0.00080676848301664, -0.04343758523464203, -0.051847126334905624, 0.054396647959947586, -0.04875868931412697, -0.019679496064782143, 0.047499880194664, 0.01467036735266447, 0.0890488401055336, 0.018051164224743843, -0.00011991245264653116, 0.003331267973408103, -0.0007703684386797249, -0.007433063350617886, -0.028203869238495827, 0.047273654490709305, -0.02446458861231804, 0.010956546291708946, -0.0026616528630256653, -0.03232266753911972, 0.009807742200791836, -0.005782752297818661, 0.056778304278850555, -0.044348448514938354, -0.002579721389338374, 0.015964306890964508, 0.001319737872108817, 0.005670165177434683, -0.001028149388730526, -0.0157987792044878, 0.08510653674602509, -0.011970637366175652, -0.02443525940179825, -0.05351871997117996, 0.04478249326348305, -0.04304143413901329, 0.01928381249308586, 0.024042075499892235, 0.011454415507614613, 0.03424592688679695, 0.021451570093631744, -0.03396039083600044, -0.024243341758847237, 0.052016571164131165, -0.02327801287174225, -0.0009187722462229431, 0.02140449360013008, -0.013457594439387321, -0.02351532131433487, -0.003792201168835163, -0.03159276023507118, -0.01347022969275713, 0.026909861713647842, 0.00401426013559103, 0.08216983824968338, 0.006044827401638031, -0.025601502507925034, -0.024711869657039642, 0.00021105408086441457, -0.04536492004990578, -0.019390061497688293, -0.038339875638484955, -0.03088008053600788, 0.041748106479644775, -0.049718357622623444 ]
<p>Does the pdf of an mvn variable even exist when there is high correlation?</p> <p>I want to use an algorithm (actually it is the cross-entropy method for estimating a rare-event probability) that needs the pdf value of the mvn distribution, that is mvnpdf(x,mu,Sigma). </p> <p>However, my Sigma is close to singular, meaning there is a high correlation between the variables in the vector, so it is of course difficult/impossible to find the inverse of Sigma. Is there any way to overcome this problem?</p> <p>Is it not true that for instance a vector [a,b,c,d] with covariance matrix [1,1,0,0;1,1,0,0;0,0,1,1;0,0,1,1] (singular!) will behave in the exact same way as the vector [a,c] with covariance matrix [1,0;0,1] (now non-singular!), while ignoring b and c? Does this mean that I can approximate the pdf value of [a,b,c,d] by the pdf of [a,c]?</p> <p>Sorry if this is answered before, I've really tried to search for it.</p> <p>Thank you.</p> <p>EDIT: The thing is that I want to simulate samples from a multivariate normal distribution, $x \sim N(\mu,\sigma)$, in order to find the probability that ${r(x) &lt; 1}$, where $r(x)$ returns a positive real number based on the vector $x$. So I simulate $x_i \sim N(\mu,\Sigma), i = 1 ,..., M$, and I estimate the probability by the Monte Carlo estimate $p = (1/M)\sum_i I(r(x_i)&lt;1)$. No problems so far. However, since ${r(x_i)&lt;1}$ is a very rare event, I want to try importance sampling instead, simulating from the distr $N(\mu_2,\Sigma_2)$ so I need the pdf value to estimate $p = (1/M)\sum{I(r(x_i)&lt;1) pdf_1(x_i)/pdf_2(x_i)}$.</p>
74,084
[ 0.005221204366534948, -0.004206527024507523, 0.026104889810085297, -0.041263461112976074, 0.045728735625743866, 0.021294094622135162, -0.03730219230055809, -0.00457168510183692, 0.01984095387160778, -0.07891356199979782, 0.04006640985608101, 0.04537691920995712, 0.09567489475011826, 0.035577915608882904, 0.017975877970457077, -0.0003425191098358482, -0.006962897721678019, 0.00862311664968729, 0.0069840652868151665, -0.01599878817796707, 0.013153469190001488, 0.05173732340335846, 0.024873366579413414, -0.027409549802541733, -0.02053970657289028, 0.032746732234954834, 0.00182755955029279, -0.05214864760637283, -0.018466142937541008, 0.06174088269472122, -0.09104862064123154, -0.01409656461328268, 0.036953654140233994, 0.0630597174167633, -0.01259259320795536, 0.0331697016954422, -0.016568997874855995, -0.04221173748373985, 0.022267259657382965, 0.028551295399665833, -0.02033422142267227, -0.049015216529369354, 0.006199075374752283, 0.03171291947364807, 0.0008693702984601259, 0.04277060925960541, -0.007124586030840874, -0.042049590498209, 0.05597022548317909, -0.02290177531540394, 0.07317814230918884, 0.01036788523197174, 0.03232419863343239, 0.02245890349149704, -0.026860175654292107, -0.03762563318014145, 0.033376242965459824, 0.06360779702663422, 0.02096397988498211, -0.07212598621845245, 0.021247437223792076, -0.006022049114108086, -0.002139660296961665, -0.026264961808919907, -0.005491606891155243, 0.015886807814240456, 0.009946689940989017, -0.0003845588071271777, 0.027713380753993988, -0.014309381134808064, 0.02309289574623108, -0.012173916213214397, -0.008657216094434261, -0.0006276413914747536, 0.027769440785050392, 0.01364773977547884, 0.002353958087041974, -0.016239775344729424, 0.04388349875807762, 0.034255944192409515, 0.010143985040485859, 0.013718323782086372, 0.0033321192022413015, -0.025297041982412338, 0.010002762079238892, -0.03195970132946968, 0.0768524631857872, -0.017776696011424065, 0.025663146749138832, -0.0042321034707129, -0.041292306035757065, -0.015842141583561897, 0.03684694319963455, -0.003920278046280146, -0.09330649673938751, 0.009471570141613483, -0.02952772006392479, 0.01229172945022583, -0.002634670352563262, -0.033564403653144836, -0.06215572729706764, -0.01881621591746807, 0.0058609130792319775, 0.04093867167830467, -0.017206046730279922, 0.01619262993335724, -0.008857334963977337, -0.03290312737226486, -0.030252089723944664, -0.031902775168418884, -0.04376799613237381, 0.0055389790795743465, 0.006649870425462723, 0.012892965227365494, 0.04150380939245224, 0.02074342779815197, -0.005933988839387894, -0.010478697717189789, 0.03753434866666794, 0.08064433187246323, 0.03613630309700966, 0.003509443486109376, 0.010967986658215523, -0.05616338551044464, -0.05001930519938469, 0.027571655809879303, 0.04083958640694618, 0.027803262695670128, -0.0548822246491909, 0.05709412321448326, 0.021039610728621483, -0.014502362348139286, 0.0301242396235466, 0.020115841180086136, 0.010323788970708847, 0.0003271251916885376, -0.1057322770357132, -0.026742365211248398, 0.03861156478524208, -0.020511748269200325, -0.02391158975660801, -0.0597868338227272, 0.004364166408777237, 0.02038952149450779, 0.051781486719846725, 0.01911662146449089, 0.060727182775735855, 0.005338994320482016, 0.040073540061712265, 0.025178778916597366, -0.008836489170789719, -0.025934945791959763, -0.019639693200588226, -0.01524718664586544, -0.01430897694081068, -0.06258053332567215, 0.0367671363055706, 0.014770003035664558, -0.03383416309952736, -0.001994019141420722, 0.012934834696352482, 0.02317904494702816, -0.016954198479652405, 0.010837186127901077, 0.01118338480591774, -0.03273884579539299, 0.041075438261032104, 0.00807670596987009, 0.04999837651848793, -0.0060215238481760025, -0.04704306274652481, -0.015509532764554024, -0.018071146681904793, 0.06802532076835632, 0.07760706543922424, -0.032540470361709595, -0.02101556956768036, 0.015140117146074772, 0.005691163707524538, 0.00962192565202713, -0.024299582466483116, -0.0007114089094102383, -0.018189111724495888, -0.02289609983563423, 0.006500339135527611, 0.018702631816267967, 0.03385036438703537, -0.04663591459393501, -0.011623158119618893, -0.024243198335170746, -0.023925459012389183, -0.019583741202950478, -0.005571724381297827, 0.026607012376189232, -0.03818773478269577, 0.028952082619071007, -0.005319633986800909, 0.007198766339570284, 0.01797633245587349, -0.013637367635965347, -0.0645281970500946, -0.006789602804929018, 0.003759372979402542, -0.03411959111690521, -0.020973296836018562, 0.018803954124450684, 0.033906541764736176, -0.020950336009263992, 0.03401799872517586, 0.010191641747951508, -0.037830423563718796, -0.046722911298274994, -0.05127120390534401, 0.024427196010947227, 0.001518267672508955, -0.013073237612843513, 0.056198421865701675, -0.024149516597390175, -0.0002865672286134213, 0.010166320018470287, -0.038543425500392914, 0.002324405824765563, 0.05541881546378136, -0.0032012048177421093, -0.03115670196712017, 0.0108940489590168, 0.01760071888566017, 0.0021381238475441933, -0.010345308110117912, -0.012229133397340775, -0.03999484330415726, -0.006653314456343651, 0.032215993851423264, 0.04282277449965477, -0.05228804051876068, 0.027750639244914055, 0.06892950087785721, 0.03549538180232048, 0.03618453070521355, 0.033235158771276474, 0.011238323524594307, -0.04186781868338585, 0.03689718246459961, 0.005108982790261507, 0.0028898483142256737, -0.025017479434609413, -0.017767054960131645, -0.01327394600957632, 0.0434638112783432, -0.009159945882856846, -0.031027330085635185, 0.017237601801753044, 0.008422354236245155, -0.010761837475001812, -0.03174474835395813, 0.010316374711692333, 0.03614180535078049, 0.0025509148836135864, 0.009496952407062054, 0.02172834798693657, 0.014843129552900791, 0.01556114200502634, 0.02044943906366825, -0.07299263030290604, 0.013281263411045074, 0.0367775596678257, -0.024500707164406776, -0.014112603850662708, 0.023394091054797173, -0.0333542637526989, 0.005261458922177553, -0.008271829225122929, -0.01916774921119213, 0.013722699135541916, 0.028950674459338188, 0.011132319457828999, -0.007192936260253191, 0.0021883680019527674, 0.010317101143300533, 0.020506935194134712, 0.012670081108808517, 0.021058816462755203, 0.004496052395552397, 0.03481017053127289, -0.0513756163418293, 0.027150876820087433, -0.019151929765939713, -0.029609324410557747, 0.00241673830896616, 0.006907257251441479, -0.007736583240330219, 0.04093071073293686, 0.016159983351826668, -0.08952995389699936, -0.012436982244253159, -0.015051409602165222, -0.016558310016989708, -0.05415625125169754, -0.01632673293352127, 0.02463541552424431, -0.0038442141376435757, -0.09226039052009583, 0.010150838643312454, -0.0276393610984087, -0.026974814012646675, -0.07295946031808853, -0.00681700324639678, -0.0007030615233816206, -0.02054663747549057, 0.008631565608084202, 0.041828688234090805, 0.018579047173261642, 0.00550429243594408, -0.05868260934948921, -0.05617399513721466, 0.03645091876387596, -0.008004974573850632, 0.024712273851037025, -0.012351825833320618, -0.006275396794080734, 0.04406222701072693, 0.00625061709433794, -0.016733253374695778, -0.018721507862210274, 0.012994891032576561, 0.006136681884527206, -0.023960797116160393, 0.02711329609155655, 0.025132127106189728, -0.02587253786623478, 0.05509224906563759, -0.008230254054069519, -0.004690247587859631, 0.02594411000609398, -0.016514820978045464, 0.017084600403904915, 0.0597006231546402, -0.02871398814022541, 0.004940658807754517, 0.04179095849394798, -0.03218847140669823, -0.015403338707983494, -0.0047253831289708614, 0.039697546511888504, 0.005907615181058645, 0.04493433237075806, -0.03687170892953873, 0.022871773689985275, -0.024238016456365585, 0.02261338382959366, -0.055820684880018234, 0.02571393921971321, 0.02756451442837715, -0.04673157259821892, 0.0007222989806905389, 0.051670122891664505, 0.04485364258289337, -0.01990930363535881, 0.004370979033410549, 0.058704037219285965, 0.02714873105287552, -0.020348764955997467, 0.005395487416535616, -0.021375734359025955, 0.013566561974585056, -0.01301566045731306, -0.038041356950998306, 0.028315046802163124, 0.017945371568202972, 0.060599204152822495, -0.003963583614677191, 0.007628923282027245, -0.018999874591827393, -0.02008708193898201, -0.001418059691786766, 0.0023109624162316322, -0.05493911728262901, 0.04499564692378044, 0.004155856091529131, 0.04882550984621048, -0.008929425850510597, -0.016374381259083748, -0.009935276582837105, -0.0014880179660394788, -0.07283230125904083, 0.0057571763172745705, 0.0021876327227801085, -0.04802104830741882, -0.023861363530158997, -0.04848451539874077, 0.03296518698334694, 0.024951277300715446, 0.011932260356843472, -0.014631114900112152, 0.00774499261751771, -0.03874858841300011, -0.011943904682993889, -0.024124326184391975, -0.03557103872299194, -0.0029648991767317057, 0.03248630091547966, 0.029507258906960487, -0.028015900403261185, 0.012323618866503239, 0.03366796299815178, -0.014256873168051243, -0.012714128009974957, 0.007943721488118172, 0.022334998473525047, -0.0022347820922732353, 0.05154503881931305, 0.016133327037096024, 0.02780868485569954, -0.036169879138469696, -0.004368108697235584, 0.020856482908129692, 0.05720878764986992, 0.04918665066361427, 0.006961937993764877, 0.008568932302296162, -0.03323419392108917, -0.03289533779025078, -0.006134958937764168, 0.021073829382658005, -0.022046759724617004, 0.010777859948575497, 0.05290459841489792, 0.036182157695293427, -0.046857841312885284, 0.01776198297739029, 0.03748340532183647, 0.011933942325413227, 0.009698865935206413, -0.005392544437199831, -0.0013234287034720182, 0.008298470638692379, -0.004110419191420078, 0.01640048250555992, -0.009979143738746643, -0.04128720983862877, -0.005495637189596891, 0.03813054785132408, 0.005016873590648174, -0.010663649067282677, 0.003272953676059842, 0.03424684330821037, 0.015958193689584732, 0.010928704403340816, -0.003969751764088869, -0.013427313417196274, 0.01895948126912117, 0.020571265369653702, 0.05186305567622185, 0.03557921200990677, -0.04347794130444527, -0.016312992200255394, 0.021249791607260704, 0.03800598159432411, -0.0551971010863781, 0.0076478272676467896, -0.07377099990844727, -0.0077680260874331, 0.06201443821191788, -0.017333606258034706, -0.017094343900680542, -0.014439267106354237, 0.005933326203376055, -0.017598522827029228, -0.027691269293427467, -0.07220904529094696, 0.0009721873793751001, -0.02200564742088318, 0.021597838029265404, -0.056605588644742966, -0.020055627450346947, -0.05343806371092796, 0.001138550229370594, 0.04714552313089371, 0.10094939172267914, -0.022188423201441765, -0.0005072797066532075, -0.008703695610165596, 0.03310152515769005, 0.0227921474725008, -0.07955832779407501, 0.021848639473319054, -0.012935084290802479, -0.022263575345277786, 0.04359229654073715, -0.008922363631427288, -0.03545704111456871, 0.03895445913076401, -0.027182571589946747, 0.021624745801091194, 0.016265619546175003, 0.006578232627362013, 0.05664721503853798, 0.0106890257447958, 0.004541454371064901, 0.03080127388238907, 0.004182668402791023, -0.001935022883117199, 0.022078245878219604, -0.03489495441317558, -0.006903735920786858, -0.02805107831954956, -0.020596932619810104, -0.029240978881716728, -0.007224570494145155, 0.01755429059267044, 0.03440431132912636, -0.014025764539837837, 0.03113870695233345, 0.010875782929360867, -0.007730610202997923, 0.014314956031739712, 0.028471490368247032, 0.0046818796545267105, -0.015892628580331802, -0.02769581973552704, -0.01216271985322237, 0.0015581503976136446, -0.0046075559221208096, 0.008923269808292389, 0.006875452119857073, -0.013279265724122524, 0.02507205307483673, -0.05681571364402771, -0.03489328548312187, -0.053345244377851486, -0.01863548718392849, -0.01767776533961296, -0.02134985476732254, 0.05492948740720749, 0.008210812695324421, 0.03753641992807388, -0.013927745632827282, -0.03858743607997894, 0.015350155532360077, 0.03353884071111679, -0.016099968925118446, 0.04034826159477234, -0.022834213450551033, -0.0005454540951177478, -0.03640671819448471, 0.006818059366196394, -0.05889393761754036, -0.024090850725769997, -0.004956824705004692, -0.0014939712127670646, -0.041120775043964386, -0.031564049422740936, -0.021698009222745895, 0.0035799385514110327, -0.01930832304060459, -0.009416787885129452, 0.05002160370349884, 0.006644305773079395, -0.022103512659668922, -0.004958283621817827, 0.022970357909798622, 0.048589907586574554, -0.05625006929039955, -0.0014882293762639165, 0.019485408440232277, -0.019480625167489052, -0.011258918792009354, 0.010907910764217377, 0.007741017732769251, -0.024114904925227165, 0.02141076698899269, -0.002794142346829176, -0.030438752844929695, 0.028541315346956253, -0.009212416596710682, -0.028342504054307938, 0.047812819480895996, -0.014584838412702084, -0.002985964762046933, 0.003922364208847284, -0.026746507734060287, 0.03239345923066139, 0.028000257909297943, -0.015813635662198067, -0.002883198903873563, -0.03914889693260193, -0.007787162903696299, 0.017071979120373726, 0.0048597767017781734, 0.008819354698061943, 0.029942907392978668, 0.07536063343286514, -0.01221252791583538, 0.005092089995741844, -0.02032535895705223, -0.006432137452065945, 0.024474812671542168, -0.022896133363246918, 0.01827821508049965, -0.005936252884566784, 0.007963520474731922, -0.010616602376103401, -0.05290936678647995, -0.06574233621358871, 0.0007314297836273909, 0.02534453570842743, 0.016881439834833145, 0.01539413258433342, 0.005687829572707415, 0.011412391439080238, -0.01147934328764677, -0.009328464046120644, -0.02152259647846222, 0.03800520300865173, -0.017004268243908882, 0.032859671860933304, -0.010719279758632183, -0.02928045578300953, 0.022012747824192047, 0.03455672040581703, 0.004176801070570946, 0.0492698960006237, -0.035569168627262115, 0.01974882185459137, 0.054104648530483246, -0.007132436614483595, -0.041986607015132904, 0.05562644451856613, -0.052324049174785614, 0.01764891855418682, -0.011829494498670101, -0.0015433757798746228, 0.016601353883743286, 0.06303118914365768, -0.0209514070302248, -0.028274543583393097, -0.03148821368813515, -0.021564289927482605, 0.0214733574539423, 0.005511417519301176, -0.028717882931232452, 0.034054793417453766, -0.03823943808674812, 0.019209779798984528, -0.03630230575799942, 0.0383521243929863, -0.02367822453379631, -0.08515682071447372, -0.05287624150514603, -0.0058100963942706585, -0.028982045128941536, 0.04891762137413025, 0.024936549365520477, -0.022837555035948753, 0.029326004907488823, 0.0014479940291494131, 0.07835280895233154, -0.015906022861599922, 0.01584533043205738, -0.01860853098332882, 0.07829795032739639, -0.011499322019517422, 0.039965737611055374, -0.02379952371120453, -0.005701142363250256, 0.11962215602397919, 0.04636663198471069, 0.05704110488295555, -0.03643915057182312, -0.018970878794789314, -0.022736219689249992, 0.02437541075050831, -0.03086460940539837, 0.015255395323038101, 0.028256375342607498, -0.007965526543557644, 0.025740431621670723, 0.04849890619516373, 0.006941901985555887, 0.02139344997704029, 0.023285364732146263, -0.02858755551278591, -0.012920189648866653, -0.0071142734959721565, 0.008882002905011177, -0.013244177214801311, -0.02744804322719574, -0.03045954555273056, 0.01278416346758604, -0.02346925064921379, -0.008137584663927555, -0.04579593241214752, -0.029950086027383804, 0.003913494758307934, -0.031990159302949905, -0.029348745942115784, 0.026409003883600235, 0.037161409854888916, 0.0048058549873530865, 0.0051063308492302895, -0.005550780799239874, 0.024870384484529495, -0.021474475041031837, 0.026783935725688934, 0.002899330807849765, 0.001122400863096118, 0.030751576647162437, 0.0029374947771430016, -0.02802632749080658, -0.06382900476455688, -0.03584803640842438, -0.020917385816574097, 0.06679811328649521, -0.0377444252371788, -0.01594494841992855, -0.017232540994882584, 0.0029905573464930058, -0.0016341675072908401, -0.012101875618100166, 0.032674457877874374, -0.01579032652080059, 0.03172173723578453, -0.03369762375950813, -0.02425471507012844, -0.0022441516630351543, 0.03765864670276642, 0.003928136080503464, 0.045182738453149796, -0.003579370677471161, -0.06648193299770355, -0.032273970544338226, -0.011298216879367828, 0.05033314228057861, 0.006830636877566576, 0.004386714659631252, -0.006806278135627508, -0.0049680923111736774, -0.014526035636663437, -0.031328026205301285, 0.016105135902762413, -0.02110402099788189, 0.02300012856721878, 0.020030315965414047, -0.018286123871803284, 0.0007144103874452412, -0.054035212844610214, 0.020207155495882034, -0.03412257507443428, -0.0032160556875169277, -0.011879796162247658, -0.021207379177212715, 0.017978399991989136, 0.028409482911229134, 0.07034509629011154, -0.017197739332914352, -0.010530490428209305, 0.047466449439525604, 0.025048257783055305, -0.037255097180604935, -0.01394761074334383, -0.028423339128494263, -0.023431269451975822, 0.011507374234497547, 0.009910084307193756, -0.014045704156160355, 0.004375128075480461, 0.00905919261276722, -0.009377647191286087, 0.02019990235567093, -0.01632245071232319, 0.00351472245529294, 0.02288626693189144, -0.07404779642820358, 0.005256835836917162, -0.0015030414797365665, 0.012320621870458126, -0.004203200340270996, 0.022842032834887505, -0.02534392848610878, 0.0057187327183783054, -0.007688682526350021, -0.013685254380106926, -0.04484498128294945, -0.053901076316833496, -0.01726655475795269, 0.03164029121398926, 0.010627455078065395, -0.032137829810380936, 0.01647976040840149, 0.027841180562973022, -0.026792988181114197, 0.04048599302768707, -0.030732380226254463, -0.010437100194394588, -0.023893197998404503, 0.04361917823553085, 0.025051135569810867, 0.032807957381010056, -0.008874621242284775, -0.005585162900388241, 0.018091833218932152, 0.0429699681699276, 0.0358528271317482, -0.011360237374901772, -0.023225698620080948, 0.05743527039885521, -0.0577240027487278, -0.03622781112790108, 0.03800699859857559, 0.03499273583292961, 0.061679739505052567, 0.013174171559512615, 0.015693610534071922, -0.0538848415017128, 0.07134206593036652, -0.057485517114400864, 0.02566443383693695, -0.016438573598861694, 0.019254418089985847, 0.01456694956868887, -0.006524897180497646, 0.0015453139785677195, -0.0075221313163638115, 0.01627352647483349, 0.02044212631881237, 0.016656311228871346, -0.03673095256090164, -0.014069107361137867, 0.06391420215368271, -0.019401051104068756, 0.016528237611055374, 0.008044170215725899, 0.020401636138558388, 0.026384767144918442, 0.07481411099433899, -0.013650131411850452, 0.02957644686102867, -0.0016811846289783716, 0.003791650291532278, -0.10642429441213608, -0.05839476361870766, 0.013991386629641056, 0.013189336284995079, 0.06496858596801758, -0.040956199169158936, -0.01790909469127655, 0.04676667973399162, -0.062029581516981125, 0.000698135350830853, 0.027419501915574074, -0.0010047024115920067, -0.02643541619181633, 0.011445839889347553, -0.021131601184606552, 0.026250019669532776, 0.03195971995592117, 0.00832261424511671, 0.052343204617500305, 0.036373335868120193, -0.049577973783016205, -0.02341354452073574, -0.009266986511647701, 0.016827285289764404, -0.003477388760074973, -0.04325157403945923, 0.04135621339082718, -0.04706299304962158, -0.030737102031707764, 0.021666407585144043, 0.01706681028008461, -0.010156706906855106, -0.003939391113817692, 0.030307119712233543, -0.016769567504525185, 0.0436951108276844, 0.07221246510744095, -0.01835423707962036, 0.04232335463166237, -0.021146384999155998, 0.030036894604563713, -0.002857363782823086, -0.018260085955262184, 0.0030130029190331697, 0.029485121369361877, 0.01415949035435915, -0.01704941689968109, 0.01259488333016634, 0.0038135999348014593, -0.04221304506063461, -0.01159808412194252, -0.01599632017314434, -0.00695165665820241, -0.037386637181043625, 0.04556070268154144, -0.04080088064074516, 0.019714420661330223, 0.01691497303545475, 0.03394452854990959, 0.010984047316014767, 0.010340851731598377, -0.018873553723096848, -0.06152120977640152, 0.035848259925842285, 0.002607169561088085, -0.040206629782915115, -0.06728030741214752, -0.03986465930938721, -0.003584593068808317, 0.031261514872312546, -0.025801891461014748, -0.03387034684419632, -0.04171900823712349, 0.009633040986955166, 0.024948619306087494, 0.03625011071562767, 0.004628338851034641, -0.018157735466957092, -0.003808951936662197, -0.06435330212116241, 0.047084107995033264, 0.007525905035436153, -0.009320636279881, -0.007561520207673311, 0.01541181094944477, -0.0026454878970980644, -0.006750712636858225, 0.030975082889199257, 0.0007630772888660431, 0.013911308720707893, 0.028987156227231026, 0.040746238082647324, 0.031249670311808586, -0.028531840071082115, 0.013773247599601746, -0.03409050777554512, -0.03693969547748566, -0.0059916116297245026, 0.02122350037097931, 0.02023143507540226, -0.023313580080866814, 0.012094966135919094, -0.03276490047574043, 0.009078745730221272, 0.01688249222934246, 0.024967623874545097, 0.03361982852220535, 0.012419073842465878, -0.025241445749998093, 0.050742000341415405, -0.0010781041346490383, -0.0009204953094013035, -0.0008078067330643535, -0.006354754325002432, -0.04676074534654617, 0.015205682255327702, 0.00207269168458879, -0.07728302478790283, 0.001305825891904533, 0.024438612163066864, -0.016579901799559593, -0.067958302795887, -0.014748567715287209, 0.06155353784561157, -0.03089589625597, 0.01334988884627819, 0.03466922417283058, 0.029091738164424896, 0.030193476006388664, 0.035635218024253845, 0.05057520419359207, 0.008691400289535522, -0.005490069277584553, 0.006335713434964418, 0.025606703013181686, 0.017802419140934944, -0.04494604095816612, -0.0037324868608266115, 0.0061994693242013454, -0.021477697417140007, 0.0015766244614496827, -0.014469287358224392, 0.034320682287216187, -0.02134748548269272, -0.02671055495738983, 0.0452570877969265, -0.008739393204450607, 0.031606994569301605, -0.002684902399778366, -0.002008038805797696, 0.09063535928726196, -0.02596805989742279, 0.015390557236969471, -0.03282508999109268, -0.00018718908540904522, -0.036855299025774, -0.013770789839327335, -0.00908708106726408, 0.04459471255540848, -0.014308374375104904, 0.006707394029945135, 0.004400184378027916, -0.0004580631502903998, 0.024045486003160477, -0.035667285323143005, 0.015763774514198303, 0.01989341713488102, 0.037964046001434326, -0.01993633061647415, 0.006345139816403389, -0.009881761856377125, -0.058966320008039474, 0.012408347800374031, 0.0028614471666514874, 0.03195619583129883, -0.007342410273849964, -0.031701698899269104, 0.02438143827021122, 0.041977059096097946, -0.02870628423988819, -0.004667407367378473, -0.03258364647626877, 0.010009382851421833, -0.00904818344861269, 0.014541830867528915 ]
<p>I get from a specific experiment 3 outputs. Each is the information of some physical quantity in the direction x,y or z. The way we extract the information from those signals is by fitting.</p> <p>In the data extracted from fitting, some parameters depend only on the direction of the physical quantity we want to measure, and some others depend on the whole system or on the scalar value of the physical quantity (common attributes). Statistically, it's preferred to do a simultaneous fit for all the directions. This is what my boss told me.</p> <p>What he said sounds right, but technically, it's pretty hard to fit the 3 data sets together, because the function is already pretty complicated with 7 parameters in each direction, and combining the 3 together will just complicate stuff, and my fit doesn't converge when doing them simultaneously. I'm using Levenberg-Marquardt's algorithm.</p> <p>The question is, is there anything I could do in the individual results of the fit, to obtain the result of a simultaneous fit? In other words, how can I avoid simultaneous fitting and obtain its statistical advantage?</p> <p>And if simultaneous fitting is the only solution I have, what does taking 3 data sets to a simultaneous fit entail? how will that scale the fitting parameters (Chi^2, weighting, tolerance ...etc)?</p> <p>I'm fitting using a program I wrote myself with C++.</p> <p>Thank you for any efforts.</p>
36,736
[ -0.030315261334180832, 0.0212171021848917, -0.03495834022760391, 0.002195923589169979, 0.03940371423959732, 0.03303932771086693, 0.0027791818138211966, -0.0154437106102705, 0.0017634059768170118, 0.0034169091377407312, 0.018857406452298164, 0.029896216467022896, 0.05595828592777252, -0.017513904720544815, 0.010581334121525288, -0.013388215564191341, -0.010821644216775894, -0.005171980708837509, -0.02378075383603573, -0.03080100379884243, -0.0030245259404182434, 0.05003216117620468, -0.01783849485218525, 0.004928217735141516, -0.013728339225053787, 0.01975448615849018, 0.027971312403678894, -0.008550003170967102, 0.026018908247351646, 0.04524293169379234, -0.023495137691497803, -0.05698276311159134, -0.0026128380559384823, 0.03566844388842583, 0.021003050729632378, 0.005497983656823635, -0.003928910940885544, 0.0036612297408282757, -0.04858358949422836, 0.06808710098266602, -0.0463058240711689, 0.04905442148447037, -0.033671192824840546, 0.026642750948667526, 0.01354889664798975, 0.034398965537548065, -0.02016211487352848, -0.013115501031279564, 0.0276146549731493, -0.050902292132377625, 0.1080993190407753, -0.011178035289049149, 0.012660009786486626, 0.00598673801869154, -0.028930457308888435, -0.019079050049185753, 0.09629310667514801, 0.0693315714597702, 0.0018009903142228723, -0.03325817361474037, -0.010143584571778774, -0.0030196818988770247, 0.02897055447101593, 0.005510442424565554, -0.022771641612052917, 0.0016598048387095332, -0.010533780790865421, -0.018202975392341614, 0.010675913654267788, -0.021481625735759735, 0.020491814240813255, 0.022528046742081642, 0.08815093338489532, -0.029895050451159477, 0.008585621602833271, -0.028116077184677124, 0.0032210075296461582, 0.03383902460336685, 0.04600168764591217, 0.02362852357327938, -0.031301066279411316, 0.015144974924623966, -0.017281681299209595, 0.0667615458369255, 0.012926206924021244, -0.023137763142585754, 0.06715849041938782, -0.037797559052705765, -0.0015769836027175188, 0.008255017921328545, 0.0006825359305366874, 0.023291075602173805, 0.05839912220835686, 0.01766163296997547, -0.029265305027365685, 0.022058585658669472, -0.02055291458964348, 0.025038128718733788, 0.006863133050501347, 0.006755725480616093, 0.000968794571235776, -0.03948289155960083, -0.012405133806169033, 0.05703956261277199, 0.0010070432908833027, 0.027140693739056587, -0.010365537367761135, -0.00019055543816648424, -0.019508671015501022, 0.0005619971198029816, 0.007615106645971537, 0.010302952490746975, 0.01614183932542801, -0.004422740079462528, 0.010163887403905392, -0.00005133929880685173, -0.01593497395515442, -0.024036049842834473, 0.06588198989629745, 0.08365097641944885, 0.04638712480664253, -0.07270102947950363, -0.01122067216783762, -0.022199371829628944, -0.056017354130744934, 0.01857909932732582, -0.013827888295054436, -0.008713052608072758, -0.04274510592222214, 0.052087582647800446, 0.017605334520339966, -0.014830459840595722, 0.025785425677895546, -0.006351054646074772, 0.005839984863996506, -0.010385614819824696, -0.09592071920633316, -0.05361776798963547, -0.003499524900689721, -0.007568940985947847, -0.021736862137913704, -0.05818105489015579, -0.000922373728826642, 0.03039475902915001, 0.06632185727357864, 0.025212973356246948, -0.007395263761281967, 0.00034900527680292726, 0.04853585734963417, 0.0027217755559831858, -0.025700226426124573, -0.012999498285353184, -0.027586933225393295, -0.014745266176760197, -0.01574126072227955, -0.05037194490432739, 0.013501420617103577, 0.02785399556159973, -0.027007663622498512, -0.010372494347393513, 0.061828650534152985, 0.027042387053370476, -0.00524059496819973, 0.002701754914596677, -0.01022650208324194, -0.020800987258553505, 0.038427602499723434, -0.03312733396887779, -0.019541531801223755, 0.01308436319231987, -0.006546352989971638, 0.009023254737257957, 0.021481342613697052, 0.03902851417660713, 0.0764777809381485, -0.007707842160016298, -0.00869708601385355, 0.00017340398335363716, 0.019576381891965866, 0.0008866082062013447, -0.022108647972345352, -0.0840303972363472, -0.011909357272088528, -0.01571296714246273, 0.010678748600184917, 0.04147366061806679, 0.016885779798030853, -0.045422375202178955, 0.02794322744011879, -0.05528763309121132, -0.0031489140819758177, -0.05201426148414612, -0.007379012182354927, -0.01571706496179104, -0.0439269132912159, 0.032325830310583115, 0.015043472871184349, 0.03300448879599571, 0.02526814676821232, -0.04695723205804825, -0.005478688050061464, -0.011954373680055141, 0.06041437387466431, 0.017365461215376854, 0.01376547385007143, 0.06994394212961197, 0.026889340952038765, -0.041379787027835846, 0.03685684874653816, -0.014800296165049076, -0.027778146788477898, 0.04103229194879532, -0.03160330653190613, -0.009718937799334526, 0.0015050284564495087, 0.024299131706357002, -0.03298596292734146, 0.020241983234882355, 0.003347661579027772, -0.0032669391948729753, -0.03516851365566254, 0.09554026275873184, 0.049314528703689575, -0.022039752453565598, -0.009181773290038109, 0.011748929508030415, -0.008502703160047531, 0.042802274227142334, -0.016976740211248398, -0.016354279592633247, -0.06242956966161728, -0.0009635670576244593, 0.022921698167920113, 0.007521260529756546, -0.057920731604099274, 0.015889884904026985, 0.023378701880574226, 0.002038131235167384, 0.022301163524389267, 0.03354285657405853, -0.025738144293427467, 0.019699353724718094, 0.012408866547048092, 0.009396543726325035, 0.014735167846083641, -0.0037235773634165525, 0.007885555736720562, 0.06099240109324455, 0.028499051928520203, -0.022806979715824127, 0.012700018472969532, 0.05604473128914833, 0.011435186490416527, -0.005311508197337389, -0.0015372874913737178, -0.027873575687408447, 0.013962997123599052, 0.0036259538028389215, 0.040951505303382874, 0.022452451288700104, -0.02088402397930622, -0.002045165514573455, 0.01573983021080494, -0.003070459235459566, 0.00995913241058588, 0.037622369825839996, -0.006407691165804863, 0.009950879029929638, 0.016537271440029144, -0.052937526255846024, -0.005715011619031429, -0.029889902099967003, -0.012733728624880314, -0.012735223397612572, -0.009884546510875225, 0.022062724456191063, 0.01021652203053236, 0.06291753798723221, -0.07521843165159225, -0.01691460609436035, -0.008941927924752235, -0.008481976576149464, 0.018444666638970375, 0.021214526146650314, -0.03503242880105972, 0.01232072152197361, -0.034454572945833206, -0.035754140466451645, 0.016440697014331818, -0.014344160445034504, 0.0013511371798813343, 0.03354271501302719, -0.027043180540204048, -0.05284145101904869, -0.022875510156154633, 0.005147521384060383, 0.011955670081079006, 0.006418731529265642, 0.003258136799558997, 0.04539779946208, 0.008601854555308819, -0.059576377272605896, 0.013478477485477924, -0.017778661102056503, 0.001953774830326438, 0.001816928735934198, -0.012921739369630814, 0.0011854522163048387, 0.01787898875772953, -0.010157376527786255, 0.022623134776949883, -0.03801397606730461, -0.005734859500080347, -0.03294423222541809, -0.05904020741581917, 0.02902311272919178, 0.022389229387044907, 0.04009378328919411, 0.012737531214952469, -0.014158128760755062, 0.0586642250418663, 0.016164343804121017, -0.02819233201444149, -0.03406481817364693, 0.02778240106999874, -0.048419106751680374, 0.005263385828584433, 0.0475628487765789, 0.02159092202782631, 0.004950421396642923, 0.031701598316431046, 0.002670971443876624, 0.014121163636446, 0.042705237865448, 0.01614437624812126, -0.0005950119229964912, 0.0249145720154047, 0.021306894719600677, -0.04290106147527695, 0.023743344470858574, 0.008563816547393799, -0.023927928879857063, 0.021698713302612305, 0.008292263373732567, -0.01092090830206871, 0.00112047023139894, -0.04985503852367401, 0.0011313740396872163, 0.0074946461245417595, 0.008702284656465054, -0.08051200211048126, -0.002494232961907983, 0.012077893130481243, -0.03559882938861847, 0.003677235683426261, 0.026098350062966347, 0.04680141434073448, -0.005942182615399361, -0.0008466046419925988, 0.043216392397880554, 0.0046687135472893715, -0.01389240100979805, -0.04235508665442467, -0.03255245462059975, 0.0026181077118963003, 0.01989714987576008, -0.007521365769207478, -0.017219074070453644, 0.028292696923017502, 0.044958923012018204, 0.025460300967097282, -0.011145335622131824, -0.010790578089654446, -0.004717275034636259, -0.0735459104180336, 0.0062136282213032246, -0.028229329735040665, 0.06034432351589203, 0.02841990999877453, 0.0863858014345169, 0.03233818709850311, -0.01747829280793667, 0.0159362331032753, -0.016354186460375786, -0.07696744799613953, 0.04526146128773689, 0.017754795029759407, 0.0019230579491704702, -0.01590428315103054, -0.017401939257979393, 0.023261938244104385, -0.047209158539772034, 0.001419126521795988, 0.011148915626108646, 0.03219884634017944, -0.02325155958533287, 0.0037343089934438467, -0.015034083276987076, -0.010962883941829205, -0.0021477583795785904, 0.06512083113193512, 0.027346065267920494, -0.03635171055793762, 0.03329630568623543, 0.024711357429623604, -0.032114990055561066, -0.021235179156064987, -0.008790879510343075, 0.0323086716234684, -0.013257976621389389, 0.05526956915855408, 0.011801456101238728, 0.04991086944937706, -0.017629824578762054, 0.01874646544456482, -0.005302147474139929, 0.04151896759867668, 0.03091530315577984, -0.017224572598934174, -0.010019383393228054, -0.03920956328511238, -0.014721285551786423, 0.025699380785226822, 0.03162856772542, 0.016589036211371422, -0.010270637460052967, 0.05613769590854645, 0.05011505261063576, -0.08318214118480682, 0.02800135873258114, 0.048780374228954315, 0.00606644107028842, -0.01783084310591221, -0.03804576024413109, -0.02678334340453148, 0.009578795172274113, -0.01264180801808834, -0.010022350586950779, 0.008649168536067009, -0.008242551237344742, -0.018368346616625786, 0.013211769051849842, -0.0018747770227491856, -0.012481308542191982, 0.007465507369488478, 0.046235378831624985, 0.07032525539398193, -0.030311929062008858, -0.012750407680869102, -0.005056219175457954, 0.09273513406515121, 0.019765902310609818, 0.03496946766972542, -0.015139077790081501, -0.07001879066228867, 0.026650279760360718, 0.027438858523964882, 0.038823168724775314, -0.05748593062162399, -0.003373749554157257, -0.010782985016703606, -0.015415115281939507, 0.03309449553489685, -0.02177446335554123, 0.02679053507745266, 0.012598270550370216, -0.02966529130935669, -0.04362461715936661, -0.03699927404522896, -0.068960040807724, 0.03945319727063179, -0.06200527399778366, -0.007876060903072357, -0.05103366822004318, -0.04353814199566841, -0.004640576895326376, 0.03073701076209545, 0.03129119798541069, 0.009689941070973873, -0.010169165208935738, -0.006394510623067617, 0.01617599092423916, 0.0034512742422521114, -0.006659321952611208, -0.07822235673666, 0.012100966647267342, 0.005572644993662834, -0.0012654154561460018, 0.04864094778895378, -0.01843220740556717, -0.016357863321900368, 0.022241821512579918, 0.0038951667957007885, -0.010536962188780308, -0.0027861008420586586, -0.0036967345513403416, 0.03424297273159027, 0.051387909799814224, 0.030343186110258102, 0.052629437297582626, -0.011949487961828709, -0.030456755310297012, -0.024023350328207016, -0.024875905364751816, 0.010761594399809837, -0.0015178885078057647, -0.010569348931312561, -0.02060900628566742, 0.03323805704712868, -0.025680799037218094, 0.027952050790190697, 0.006352147087454796, 0.019750656560063362, -0.01946304924786091, -0.018122106790542603, -0.003428339259698987, 0.012776505202054977, -0.055680952966213226, -0.0013128615682944655, 0.04304952546954155, 0.021945547312498093, 0.0030945863109081984, -0.043395042419433594, -0.014368683099746704, 0.01889652945101261, -0.013221051543951035, 0.0009558171150274575, -0.04982095584273338, 0.0009160721674561501, -0.032589804381132126, -0.016716042533516884, 0.02277122437953949, -0.035077325999736786, 0.00595296174287796, -0.03208962082862854, 0.03204112499952316, 0.011383682489395142, -0.03310520574450493, 0.0010982297826558352, 0.016265088692307472, 0.009469463489949703, 0.029400227591395378, -0.05228084325790405, 0.01633930765092373, -0.041577816009521484, 0.019250186160206795, -0.057694703340530396, -0.02492656372487545, 0.015071633271872997, 0.02891058661043644, -0.009007655084133148, -0.02516401931643486, -0.022520266473293304, 0.004144987091422081, -0.04186427593231201, -0.014319326728582382, 0.006265078205615282, -0.00480108056217432, -0.01914769597351551, -0.015016298741102219, 0.04901386424899101, 0.05914930999279022, -0.002349891932681203, 0.026284050196409225, 0.01859338767826557, -0.00005427858195616864, 0.0018411073833703995, 0.001553078880533576, -0.010273043066263199, -0.013124247081577778, -0.005267790984362364, -0.013537711463868618, -0.009620301425457, 0.0689271092414856, -0.015074002556502819, -0.015598060563206673, -0.012009254656732082, 0.009009312838315964, -0.046595942229032516, -0.011685488745570183, 0.02761329710483551, -0.01935148797929287, -0.016374722123146057, 0.004358333069831133, 0.0012568151578307152, -0.03741629049181938, -0.019782893359661102, 0.02676524966955185, 0.016885031014680862, -0.04590943828225136, 0.007107721175998449, 0.04082988202571869, 0.036245197057724, -0.01994525082409382, -0.0011250805109739304, 0.012328890152275562, 0.03190205246210098, -0.009939966723322868, 0.0059435004368424416, 0.00717764999717474, 0.051314033567905426, -0.007169640623033047, -0.017216356471180916, -0.02745707705616951, -0.034345343708992004, 0.05111877992749214, -0.01547703705728054, 0.09674668312072754, 0.06035211309790611, 0.007789295166730881, -0.03095567785203457, -0.0328175313770771, -0.022722123190760612, -0.014534112997353077, 0.023006921634078026, 0.07019529491662979, -0.001972297439351678, -0.035824548453092575, 0.02648298814892769, 0.023914415389299393, -0.014523552730679512, 0.004469362087547779, 0.0019171431194990873, 0.03875310719013214, -0.0005262672202661633, -0.03345741331577301, -0.03251326456665993, 0.020849384367465973, -0.03857885301113129, 0.03195034712553024, 0.007952006533741951, -0.007799264509230852, 0.02437150478363037, 0.061104096472263336, 0.0010806925129145384, -0.04079432040452957, -0.011647631414234638, -0.05695251002907753, 0.005998069886118174, 0.01861729845404625, -0.015207072719931602, 0.03273431211709976, 0.03675707429647446, 0.05991349369287491, 0.025543998926877975, 0.02803744748234749, -0.02965213917195797, -0.06595230102539062, -0.048931702971458435, -0.022953219711780548, -0.014373408630490303, 0.05515846237540245, -0.011144699528813362, -0.030202623456716537, 0.0232374407351017, -0.007893981412053108, 0.06194484233856201, -0.006197049748152494, 0.06331780552864075, -0.011899173259735107, 0.04865085333585739, 0.01133045181632042, -0.017893679440021515, -0.018355458974838257, -0.019239742308855057, 0.11819252371788025, 0.06654532998800278, 0.05456550791859627, -0.04448404535651207, 0.03150885924696922, -0.026823317632079124, -0.0023254393599927425, -0.015400384552776814, 0.02959773689508438, 0.03683090582489967, 0.03775251656770706, 0.011136353947222233, 0.01693432591855526, 0.010495772585272789, -0.0007671272032894194, 0.06973540782928467, -0.028830163180828094, -0.036228880286216736, -0.00985583197325468, 0.04277888685464859, 0.013713991269469261, -0.004421912599354982, -0.036483533680438995, 0.02014872618019581, -0.055421050637960434, -0.028242817148566246, 0.007575477473437786, -0.035923976451158524, 0.03490181639790535, 0.008570537902414799, -0.03537464886903763, 0.008440722711384296, 0.00600359495729208, 0.024731604382395744, -0.03100661002099514, 0.017762066796422005, -0.004578576888889074, -0.03948582336306572, -0.0028767865151166916, 0.014065850526094437, 0.01766684651374817, -0.000022063968572183512, -0.009254333563148975, -0.030188320204615593, -0.03988293930888176, -0.025588609278202057, -0.030016429722309113, 0.06331341713666916, 0.026922741904854774, -0.021121473982930183, -0.0010929293930530548, 0.021235249936580658, 0.01234795805066824, -0.048354245722293854, -0.012427863664925098, 0.01606934145092964, 0.020409556105732918, -0.04401301220059395, 0.02799215540289879, -0.00946518499404192, 0.03188445791602135, -0.017194105312228203, -0.008997916243970394, 0.022890832275152206, -0.02639741078019142, 0.0034006196074187756, -0.014996374025940895, 0.07473035901784897, 0.014899138361215591, -0.0632852092385292, 0.0233712550252676, -0.0237616878002882, -0.01884840987622738, 0.0015967001672834158, -0.00629413640126586, 0.004312565084546804, 0.019775718450546265, -0.005547715350985527, -0.00024428110918961465, -0.0358772948384285, -0.04307287186384201, 0.018934017047286034, -0.015468763187527657, 0.009498142637312412, -0.016469726338982582, -0.005904164165258408, 0.02549384906888008, 0.06260450929403305, -0.002970599802210927, -0.01704096980392933, -0.01184490043669939, 0.024169806391000748, 0.024956870824098587, -0.05592705309391022, -0.060278553515672684, 0.02609146572649479, -0.04544248804450035, 0.03470645099878311, -0.002335847821086645, 0.07310084998607635, -0.029433585703372955, 0.04256053641438484, 0.010358438827097416, 0.026993228122591972, -0.01124177873134613, -0.004968362394720316, 0.018399223685264587, -0.036254335194826126, 0.014201748184859753, -0.006310911849141121, -0.01792467013001442, -0.039356205612421036, -0.004958634730428457, -0.062117815017700195, -0.006086408626288176, 0.014862705953419209, -0.0025269081816077232, -0.026142315939068794, 0.01311656553298235, -0.01524438988417387, 0.02217872440814972, -0.027463704347610474, 0.033477552235126495, -0.02286563254892826, -0.027467695996165276, -0.03453062102198601, -0.027999646961688995, -0.009057420305907726, -0.0022090510465204716, -0.06476302444934845, 0.0022953397128731012, 0.05417950823903084, -0.00018726244161371142, 0.04173894226551056, -0.02827695943415165, 0.02138574607670307, -0.0037745970766991377, 0.03537693992257118, -0.007313094567507505, -0.007369756232947111, 0.03626684844493866, -0.04373279586434364, -0.029892774298787117, -0.006237207446247339, -0.03348890319466591, 0.02500963769853115, 0.028715694323182106, 0.003162957960739732, -0.023339228704571724, 0.05123777687549591, -0.0167875774204731, -0.005668993573635817, -0.009765105322003365, 0.002821414265781641, 0.011907271109521389, 0.01365603506565094, 0.0420646145939827, 0.0025528003461658955, -0.025103401392698288, 0.03709849715232849, 0.02541566826403141, 0.012084506452083588, 0.008992125280201435, -0.023419944569468498, 0.002248790580779314, 0.03187251091003418, 0.01973387598991394, -0.01580112800002098, 0.05873677134513855, 0.057963550090789795, -0.029964979737997055, 0.029897524043917656, -0.0005419823573902249, 0.03202309086918831, -0.08493006229400635, -0.007307179272174835, -0.028565846383571625, 0.0065017640590667725, -0.008968297392129898, -0.04885696619749069, 0.010906662791967392, 0.020557276904582977, -0.050450440496206284, 0.016558686271309853, -0.03309156745672226, -0.01472241710871458, -0.02432943321764469, 0.0005379730719141662, -0.01129999104887247, -0.003665114054456353, 0.0485931932926178, 0.02153376303613186, 0.029464995488524437, 0.001507469336502254, -0.03385356441140175, -0.025966007262468338, -0.03524095192551613, 0.01977880857884884, 0.027537237852811813, -0.01202791091054678, 0.041573211550712585, -0.05267292261123657, -0.044136177748441696, 0.014407472684979439, -0.026860764250159264, 0.028190024197101593, -0.019948607310652733, 0.025596007704734802, 0.01226746290922165, 0.05774741619825363, 0.02272794395685196, 0.01566557213664055, 0.014081379398703575, -0.03776261582970619, 0.010143738240003586, 0.0252218060195446, -0.025377148762345314, 0.027522610500454903, 0.023763637989759445, -0.030440758913755417, -0.02226797491312027, -0.0018657747423276305, -0.016091402620077133, -0.020471207797527313, -0.010928979143500328, -0.011598476208746433, -0.011807083152234554, -0.05686642974615097, 0.015446008183062077, -0.020534759387373924, 0.004610288422554731, 0.02768770605325699, 0.06501726806163788, -0.02610403299331665, -0.008365035057067871, -0.023365408182144165, -0.014191470108926296, -0.007223828230053186, -0.001563789788633585, 0.0023502951953560114, -0.061854083091020584, -0.02936939336359501, 0.019182303920388222, -0.02966824360191822, -0.028177056461572647, -0.036982037127017975, -0.0152891231700778, 0.050890445709228516, -0.030495982617139816, 0.0009579682955518365, 0.007469457108527422, -0.057838913053274155, -0.03473421186208725, -0.1056896522641182, 0.05355751886963844, -0.0017862296663224697, -0.008985867723822594, -0.05462602525949478, -0.026799475774168968, -0.013231096789240837, 0.027564529329538345, 0.0311714019626379, 0.015234063379466534, -0.007775570265948772, -0.011999111622571945, 0.005702072288841009, 0.011486239731311798, -0.04272327199578285, 0.03999793529510498, -0.021664747968316078, -0.008706477470695972, 0.00466739060357213, -0.028438212350010872, 0.008327110670506954, -0.02458544634282589, 0.01811991073191166, -0.012462801299989223, 0.018593423068523407, 0.00262822094373405, -0.024748461320996284, 0.03192560374736786, -0.012892751954495907, -0.029690194875001907, 0.05009952560067177, 0.003897197777405381, 0.028770413249731064, 0.04301176220178604, -0.018659640103578568, -0.03514418378472328, 0.021838117390871048, -0.004888495430350304, -0.03273557499051094, -0.008947436697781086, 0.007336203940212727, 0.04453955218195915, -0.06729339808225632, -0.0021926406770944595, 0.0023163759615272284, -0.04789619520306587, -0.012101834639906883, 0.05996932089328766, 0.017788687720894814, 0.012936851009726524, -0.028339803218841553, 0.004511453211307526, 0.02255709283053875, -0.016661258414387703, 0.018472090363502502, 0.004229965154081583, 0.04861690476536751, 0.035208068788051605, -0.006496801506727934, 0.05750522017478943, -0.007834451273083687, 0.026922814548015594, -0.015954654663801193, 0.026029005646705627, -0.01947007142007351, -0.001602978678420186, -0.008231814019382, -0.004522082395851612, -0.011827771551907063, -0.015098216012120247, -0.012410793453454971, 0.06739229708909988, -0.0514645017683506, -0.0026507589500397444, -0.07409074902534485, -0.0023323872592300177, 0.010166129097342491, 0.027944417670369148, -0.009488232433795929, 0.045317552983760834, -0.02654646337032318, -0.0011341681238263845, -0.010073320008814335, -0.02429075725376606, 0.0214636642485857, -0.03839906305074692, 0.0016745341708883643, -0.004758711438626051, 0.006181351374834776, 0.010408027097582817, -0.01705099642276764, -0.044390469789505005, -0.04611928388476372, 0.051809173077344894, 0.031931985169649124, -0.005185614340007305, -0.019911473616957664, -0.027725590392947197, 0.0016584473196417093, 0.069122813642025, -0.07126845419406891, -0.032196514308452606, -0.04086364060640335, 0.0007844404899515212, 0.020693384110927582, -0.014020301401615143 ]
<p>Hello and thanks for looking at my questions.</p> <p>I'm sure this is a very simple question but I just cant seem to understand it</p> <p>A committee of three is selected from a pool of five individuals : two females (A and B) and three males (C,D,E)</p> <p>If the committee is selected at random, what is the probability that contains both females?</p> <p>(i figured for this one it would be P=(2/5)*(1/4) because the first one selected has a 2/5 chance of being a women, and the second one has a 1/4 chance but I was told that was not correct)</p> <p>and</p> <p>If instead, the committee is selected by randomly selecting one of the two females, one of the three males, and then one of the remaining three individuals, what is the probability it contains both females</p>
74,085
[ -0.00320699205622077, -0.053718697279691696, 0.0011740109184756875, 0.0144077492877841, 0.02495829574763775, 0.01234188862144947, -0.028980426490306854, -0.032227229326963425, 0.03855821117758751, 0.016989419236779213, 0.04649435728788376, 0.05162734165787697, 0.045016899704933167, 0.036987386643886566, 0.014756017364561558, 0.020197859033942223, 0.008682763203978539, 0.0028938488103449345, 0.003525698324665427, -0.003341336501762271, -0.013459773734211922, 0.03234068676829338, 0.018170475959777832, -0.016849208623170853, -0.05364064499735832, 0.04658888280391693, 0.023088157176971436, -0.00716054392978549, 0.06146412342786789, 0.06949569284915924, -0.06126640737056732, -0.018808970227837563, 0.03592151403427124, 0.011956555768847466, 0.04072483256459236, 0.0045706541277468204, -0.030865076929330826, -0.019902082160115242, 0.0013437866000458598, 0.0216944869607687, 0.00524666765704751, -0.008119489066302776, -0.020907677710056305, 0.008228451944887638, -0.020535631105303764, 0.018326403573155403, 0.01775973103940487, -0.022091064602136612, 0.032880350947380066, -0.08808466792106628, 0.06078871339559555, -0.008984198793768883, 0.03043069876730442, 0.008900376968085766, 0.013504444621503353, 0.005072478670626879, 0.04178798943758011, 0.05963661149144173, 0.0007598535157740116, -0.030486129224300385, -0.002438473980873823, -0.002905331552028656, 0.03250995650887489, -0.010785614140331745, -0.028008272871375084, -0.007059973198920488, -0.019189933314919472, -0.02118205465376377, -0.0006058496073819697, 0.0021642264910042286, 0.01028527319431305, 0.027851125225424767, 0.06205707788467407, -0.01717631332576275, 0.0166286900639534, -0.029340490698814392, 0.045082416385412216, -0.0035391293931752443, 0.04143405333161354, 0.02104959636926651, -0.010626009665429592, 0.05210695043206215, 0.01976906508207321, 0.00414420897141099, -0.002337879966944456, -0.05218055099248886, 0.05204673483967781, 0.007996217347681522, 0.01307813823223114, -0.024004168808460236, -0.037002671509981155, 0.013962862081825733, 0.0280800461769104, 0.010370706208050251, -0.044612329453229904, 0.025063158944249153, -0.01099039800465107, 0.05670107528567314, 0.02847876586019993, -0.012788956984877586, -0.035702306777238846, -0.022717716172337532, 0.034599725157022476, 0.05946030095219612, -0.04108073189854622, 0.006159135606139898, -0.04429054632782936, 0.009285375475883484, 0.021072521805763245, -0.008408376947045326, -0.025252725929021835, 0.019268551841378212, 0.027983076870441437, -0.020406782627105713, 0.0178996529430151, -0.003979307599365711, -0.009117006324231625, 0.011441648006439209, 0.06164673715829849, 0.06561337411403656, 0.013905782252550125, -0.04100444167852402, 0.03930897265672684, -0.02379770390689373, -0.058372028172016144, -0.010815601795911789, 0.001836185809224844, 0.014431523159146309, -0.005120234563946724, 0.08712227642536163, -0.0018667795229703188, 0.00825608242303133, 0.029444903135299683, 0.0023078368976712227, 0.013027922250330448, -0.05268585681915283, -0.08287110924720764, -0.059037722647190094, 0.025269968435168266, -0.02531661093235016, -0.02867855690419674, -0.07951173186302185, 0.04546602442860603, 0.04320663958787918, 0.06073974072933197, -0.02495015598833561, 0.03327494114637375, -0.019818773493170738, 0.008779199793934822, 0.023426318541169167, -0.004541304428130388, -0.02211030013859272, -0.03955554589629173, -0.02091626264154911, -0.003906323574483395, -0.07462520897388458, 0.02587832696735859, -0.004484536126255989, -0.01189797930419445, -0.03108569048345089, 0.015502807684242725, 0.02665051259100437, -0.009418617002665997, 0.011787571012973785, -0.008754149079322815, -0.014465615153312683, 0.07679705321788788, 0.022170662879943848, 0.01012626476585865, 0.01899546943604946, 0.005310892127454281, 0.024913961067795753, -0.03347148001194, 0.04688844457268715, 0.034369781613349915, -0.020978493615984917, -0.029760360717773438, -0.0051128757186234, 0.02737431600689888, -0.011139118112623692, -0.04040822386741638, 0.01918746903538704, -0.021243218332529068, 0.022601203992962837, 0.004104594700038433, 0.002427805447950959, 0.05248386040329933, -0.03894137591123581, -0.02212449349462986, -0.040718503296375275, -0.06707048416137695, -0.08647098392248154, -0.03459255024790764, -0.01445578783750534, -0.036052405834198, -0.012700101360678673, 0.023379884660243988, 0.014819767326116562, -0.02000938355922699, -0.008204209618270397, -0.06467411667108536, 0.03839173913002014, 0.004480524454265833, -0.0323505736887455, -0.013272661715745926, 0.09064776450395584, 0.05032749101519585, -0.0064485929906368256, 0.04319176450371742, -0.014634178020060062, -0.01408896129578352, -0.023465977981686592, -0.011369147337973118, 0.006558440160006285, -0.03559897094964981, -0.018560076132416725, 0.014030405320227146, 0.015965642407536507, 0.019658789038658142, 0.02909860573709011, -0.06241178512573242, 0.060284323990345, 0.04748055711388588, -0.018995819613337517, -0.020823270082473755, 0.02157573774456978, 0.008331842720508575, 0.006302396301180124, 0.026287851855158806, -0.024478526785969734, -0.06621536612510681, 0.035156115889549255, 0.019490927457809448, -0.027394568547606468, -0.029479101300239563, 0.011677072383463383, 0.021011726930737495, 0.006339668296277523, -0.0017681793542578816, 0.011298321187496185, 0.022829214110970497, 0.02773926965892315, 0.020741403102874756, -0.010953262448310852, 0.0015807668678462505, 0.01316387951374054, 0.011908702552318573, -0.035019952803850174, 0.055215783417224884, -0.003623700002208352, -0.020132161676883698, 0.037641286849975586, -0.01479372289031744, 0.02481432445347309, -0.015819769352674484, -0.028550272807478905, 0.04255020245909691, -0.030079757794737816, -0.007728030905127525, 0.02637985721230507, 0.02201998047530651, 0.0023094427306205034, -0.020334869623184204, -0.03997066989541054, -0.02751022018492222, 0.03633652999997139, -0.04077473282814026, -0.013943606987595558, 0.02587607316672802, 0.012424849905073643, 0.001927875797264278, -0.006613277830183506, 0.003075588494539261, -0.025546453893184662, -0.015438886359333992, 0.021630408242344856, -0.018243104219436646, 0.06267934292554855, -0.03102238103747368, -0.021783482283353806, -0.02686975710093975, -0.0024888860061764717, 0.01658017560839653, 0.004592680837959051, -0.1129540503025055, -0.021973351016640663, -0.016150200739502907, -0.039015281945466995, 0.02012377418577671, -0.01503159012645483, -0.018791578710079193, 0.010418035089969635, -0.002373811323195696, -0.026332154870033264, -0.023160764947533607, 0.0053694103844463825, 0.03612175211310387, -0.02887900546193123, -0.005466485396027565, 0.048467300832271576, -0.0011909714667126536, -0.007466415408998728, 0.02153017930686474, -0.051713477820158005, -0.012854663655161858, -0.02168605849146843, 0.0017331064445897937, 0.0018022663425654173, -0.015702031552791595, -0.02012365683913231, 0.03274383768439293, -0.014660248532891273, 0.0063376640900969505, -0.0526873953640461, -0.05053244158625603, 0.013602661900222301, -0.009890303015708923, 0.02887990139424801, -0.0009668319835327566, -0.022704383358359337, 0.04048452898859978, 0.06318943202495575, -0.022286109626293182, -0.0018209381960332394, -0.0024136854335665703, -0.029513752087950706, -0.022006157785654068, 0.049855202436447144, 0.02124493196606636, -0.007028185762465, 0.03844119980931282, 0.01741664484143257, 0.010590600781142712, 0.028048835694789886, -0.014382234774529934, 0.013121314346790314, 0.008945697918534279, 0.01184986811131239, -0.03385564312338829, 0.04331721365451813, 0.0015788469463586807, -0.034091539680957794, 0.02387956716120243, -0.032337386161088943, 0.002715058159083128, 0.015090301632881165, -0.012491780333220959, 0.03267134353518486, -0.01593140698969364, 0.002962942235171795, -0.04136861860752106, 0.08291522413492203, 0.014304704032838345, -0.05864714831113815, 0.02360055223107338, -0.013543662615120411, 0.06864883750677109, -0.03531277924776077, -0.014120098203420639, 0.05038021132349968, 0.033273566514253616, -0.0447208434343338, -0.01954815350472927, -0.029712483286857605, 0.02907596156001091, 0.01616377755999565, 0.006538029294461012, -0.02215704508125782, 0.07480506598949432, 0.04892963916063309, -0.010139564983546734, -0.02418997883796692, -0.05016472935676575, -0.04278677701950073, -0.07003960013389587, 0.022270482033491135, 0.006299516186118126, 0.03803734853863716, -0.011966930702328682, 0.03576318919658661, 0.03339584544301033, 0.00451188487932086, 0.00343888602219522, 0.011577458120882511, -0.07070685923099518, 0.0361403189599514, 0.008188233710825443, -0.019498692825436592, -0.023431897163391113, -0.0229951199144125, 0.041062455624341965, -0.024683155119419098, -0.05467090383172035, 0.00646907277405262, 0.02983507700264454, -0.0221523717045784, 0.015941761434078217, -0.003425752045586705, 0.011722692288458347, 0.01890251412987709, 0.031345438212156296, 0.0034927395172417164, -0.009805440902709961, 0.03237956389784813, 0.05619567632675171, -0.036308884620666504, -0.044706132262945175, -0.010610848665237427, 0.02088959328830242, 0.03617639094591141, 0.03882225975394249, 0.05737043544650078, 0.03622892498970032, -0.027544159442186356, -0.00526159955188632, -0.020988132804632187, 0.06629768759012222, 0.05946607142686844, 0.00967476423829794, -0.01672903634607792, -0.011120319366455078, -0.02116640843451023, -0.042219992727041245, 0.006440261844545603, -0.027918832376599312, 0.0013962745433673263, 0.033102475106716156, 0.026188360527157784, -0.03390388563275337, -0.004718537908047438, 0.05708763748407364, -0.00035175017546862364, -0.016723783686757088, -0.05165582895278931, 0.006330873351544142, -0.030441250652074814, 0.005430232267826796, 0.0026673085521906614, 0.04373854398727417, -0.012031937018036842, -0.01643417216837406, 0.03368056192994118, -0.04705061763525009, -0.017429392784833908, -0.008576895110309124, -0.034474216401576996, 0.0205939132720232, 0.0012794629437848926, -0.02040109783411026, 0.01147485338151455, 0.017802024260163307, 0.012765401974320412, 0.03160553798079491, -0.030694983899593353, -0.03339657932519913, -0.006220818497240543, 0.019902363419532776, 0.0842270702123642, -0.07768843322992325, 0.016860006377100945, -0.0276124756783247, 0.01663818769156933, 0.017307152971625328, -0.0076165334321558475, -0.005977978464215994, -0.024538397789001465, -0.007479704450815916, 0.0122698238119483, -0.002953125396743417, -0.02869676984846592, 0.01977391168475151, -0.015037338249385357, 0.04371058940887451, 0.004865969065576792, -0.03665453940629959, -0.07100052386522293, 0.012564810924232006, 0.06860139966011047, 0.06761108338832855, -0.05900878086686134, 0.023784123361110687, 0.00017331236449535936, 0.009454777464270592, -0.03722517192363739, -0.06950976699590683, -0.006190002895891666, -0.008962808176875114, -0.011332759633660316, 0.040447112172842026, -0.05325138196349144, -0.05548983812332153, -0.002809594152495265, 0.04436270520091057, -0.0185085441917181, 0.004413666669279337, -0.026421096175909042, 0.007915318943560123, 0.04292169213294983, 0.01932881399989128, 0.02669353224337101, 0.0057832938618958, -0.0385148786008358, -0.00029123882995918393, -0.06628295034170151, 0.001257787342183292, -0.005318328272551298, 0.005230221431702375, -0.030738987028598785, -0.005417651496827602, -0.028648527339100838, 0.01669515296816826, -0.0141370864585042, 0.012468941509723663, -0.017908774316310883, -0.06395591050386429, -0.015049349516630173, -0.011876026168465614, 0.027262771502137184, 0.011497999541461468, 0.0038006193935871124, 0.01958007551729679, 0.02133544720709324, -0.0025276262313127518, 0.021449986845254898, -0.01791205070912838, -0.010177219286561012, -0.01030197087675333, 0.010264416225254536, -0.03396335989236832, -0.012595129199326038, -0.022477686405181885, 0.02873043902218342, -0.030385803431272507, 0.01682956889271736, -0.033292900770902634, 0.05248941853642464, -0.004270972218364477, -0.0464356429874897, -0.060667734593153, 0.01980469934642315, -0.0062291244976222515, 0.02008955553174019, -0.03571764752268791, 0.07808144390583038, -0.029439089819788933, -0.0005562227452173829, -0.07077503204345703, -0.025585642084479332, 0.02869458496570587, 0.011595272459089756, -0.02697836235165596, -0.031742122024297714, -0.015200601890683174, -0.030369332060217857, -0.05738794803619385, 0.0068964059464633465, 0.038026753813028336, -0.004656579345464706, 0.0031487997621297836, 0.026057953014969826, -0.0077927978709340096, 0.07088347524404526, 0.039715394377708435, 0.0054577989503741264, -0.005463766865432262, -0.043613649904727936, -0.034009989351034164, -0.02570618875324726, 0.018223462626338005, -0.04767061397433281, -0.04318946227431297, 0.018724780529737473, 0.039410632103681564, 0.0385436937212944, -0.030931057408452034, -0.01380864717066288, 0.008929358795285225, -0.019496241584420204, -0.023607630282640457, -0.03601641580462456, 0.0013307868503034115, 0.004531921353191137, 0.007259784732013941, -0.004464471247047186, 0.02336428128182888, -0.001279575633816421, -0.0030666165985167027, 0.02999287284910679, -0.007750007323920727, -0.002045802306383848, 0.0008194372057914734, 0.0795644223690033, -0.0328662246465683, 0.026119090616703033, -0.0013692512875422835, -0.02167609892785549, 0.046241406351327896, 0.02362603135406971, -0.04016111418604851, 0.00012289077858440578, 0.008518037386238575, -0.023900505155324936, 0.029152890667319298, -0.05622965097427368, 0.00623722281306982, 0.029030995443463326, -0.036639560014009476, 0.01695125177502632, 0.04334553703665733, 0.019980862736701965, -0.005812440067529678, -0.017550451681017876, -0.010672196745872498, 0.005569893401116133, -0.0006557237938977778, 0.013784446753561497, -0.019255755469202995, 0.033196330070495605, 0.0336928553879261, 0.030389660969376564, 0.00637538218870759, 0.03703523427248001, 0.03797316551208496, -0.018777694553136826, 0.050191909074783325, 0.007117500063031912, -0.025594746693968773, 0.0367603600025177, -0.008325841277837753, -0.005035269074141979, -0.023332413285970688, -0.04382918402552605, 0.07167381048202515, 0.003438148181885481, -0.017238900065422058, -0.05023742839694023, -0.021080685779452324, -0.023863816633820534, 0.0027055051177740097, 0.02190793864428997, -0.014369984157383442, 0.02490733377635479, -0.01688401587307453, 0.05532606318593025, -0.01757853478193283, 0.04542815685272217, 0.0008336987812072039, -0.043753791600465775, -0.009979208000004292, -0.03826243802905083, -0.050009358674287796, 0.006016669794917107, -0.015058901160955429, 0.006255216430872679, 0.0003194609598722309, -0.025066683068871498, 0.036270346492528915, 0.00024455724633298814, 0.06673130393028259, -0.021621592342853546, 0.05474366247653961, 0.018231015652418137, 0.008458088152110577, -0.006283794995397329, -0.0034551487769931555, 0.09752383828163147, 0.048123303800821304, -0.006923203822225332, -0.04939413070678711, 0.027415910735726357, -0.026675203815102577, 0.019185854122042656, 0.011867090128362179, 0.018946398049592972, 0.01164985727518797, 0.025905221700668335, 0.03889864310622215, 0.03707655891776085, 0.02953145280480385, 0.011921143159270287, 0.025700140744447708, -0.02253243513405323, -0.06220473721623421, -0.006425940897315741, 0.01948382519185543, -0.010319399647414684, -0.016069987788796425, -0.030850257724523544, -0.005773189477622509, 0.011911851353943348, -0.01749195158481598, -0.08702576905488968, -0.037878841161727905, 0.007852431386709213, -0.007353655528277159, -0.022459011524915695, 0.0018211915157735348, 0.015856904909014702, -0.0037337918765842915, -0.010005397722125053, 0.011641444638371468, 0.033169809728860855, -0.04932929575443268, 0.026131054386496544, 0.03230873867869377, 0.007189429830759764, 0.010286844335496426, 0.04152407869696617, 0.018099091947078705, -0.047968849539756775, -0.03313516080379486, -0.012362788431346416, 0.031446002423763275, -0.007967882789671421, -0.010636291466653347, -0.02158643864095211, 0.007130626123398542, -0.00277234916575253, -0.04730604588985443, 0.0028725923039019108, 0.03530009090900421, 0.016511835157871246, -0.01774139329791069, -0.01432637870311737, -0.055709078907966614, 0.020064540207386017, -0.033309634774923325, 0.011072388850152493, 0.03724689781665802, -0.03246412053704262, -0.04009334743022919, -0.03217802941799164, 0.007105850614607334, 0.004019475542008877, -0.015396162867546082, -0.046085525304079056, -0.00514152692630887, -0.03972790017724037, -0.01143925916403532, -0.015862055122852325, 0.031440477818250656, 0.01819097436964512, -0.01814795844256878, 0.015600277110934258, 0.020233649760484695, -0.016245752573013306, 0.015885870903730392, -0.0005853166221641004, -0.0067015159875154495, -0.028215454891324043, 0.029080256819725037, 0.011509841307997704, 0.024358147755265236, 0.020473657175898552, -0.01676059328019619, -0.004351214040070772, 0.02519526146352291, 0.011304915882647038, -0.04298532009124756, -0.005047185346484184, 0.003406434552744031, -0.01723068580031395, 0.013362509198486805, 0.010114515200257301, 0.05027223378419876, 0.006990482099354267, 0.04762842133641243, 0.029513400048017502, -0.015845170244574547, -0.0008670007227919996, 0.002249733777716756, -0.019911885261535645, -0.059197716414928436, -0.013631726615130901, 0.022179698571562767, -0.0380319245159626, -0.054920218884944916, -0.008195261470973492, -0.008120452053844929, -0.020891381427645683, 0.022616012021899223, -0.003465444315224886, -0.04716327413916588, -0.014306397177278996, -0.03558364510536194, 0.03308367729187012, 0.0008448665030300617, -0.01814248226583004, 0.00325598893687129, -0.021245623007416725, 0.03762774541974068, 0.0030459240078926086, -0.02638593129813671, -0.012953015975654125, 0.011247239075601101, 0.018768521025776863, 0.021954016759991646, -0.002157179405912757, 0.01631573587656021, -0.02277587354183197, 0.03936484828591347, 0.017898228019475937, 0.04754280671477318, -0.011902720667421818, -0.011230535805225372, 0.05556156486272812, -0.06515888124704361, -0.014766711741685867, 0.034338921308517456, 0.019148731604218483, 0.05608552694320679, 0.03148966655135155, -0.025586217641830444, 0.010708623565733433, 0.09041731804609299, -0.034775931388139725, -0.020614778622984886, -0.042411550879478455, 0.040324531495571136, 0.0635615736246109, 0.0022264139261096716, -0.05714960768818855, 0.010881472378969193, -0.020738014951348305, 0.04290293529629707, 0.01934860646724701, 0.01448839996010065, 0.0018326309509575367, -0.0004750228545162827, 0.02699270099401474, 0.03218434751033783, 0.027729690074920654, -0.010333674028515816, -0.013190160505473614, 0.038454025983810425, -0.006644745357334614, 0.05699567869305611, -0.013777178712189198, 0.01849229820072651, -0.1019883081316948, -0.02914520353078842, 0.012279435060918331, -0.015939880162477493, 0.039199087768793106, -0.056013330817222595, 0.0037242621183395386, 0.06290385872125626, -0.025781776756048203, 0.011561643332242966, 0.026466025039553642, -0.03620113059878349, -0.06383480876684189, 0.03894511237740517, -0.030625874176621437, 0.05148822069168091, 0.020702751353383064, 0.011577995494008064, 0.01210890430957079, -0.024663535878062248, -0.02881941944360733, -0.03774486109614372, -0.022564856335520744, 0.02151232585310936, -0.023373616859316826, -0.05152938887476921, 0.06518816202878952, -0.02897070348262787, -0.022477610036730766, 0.04622695967555046, -0.005693051032721996, 0.004243004601448774, 0.036118898540735245, -0.0119855385273695, 0.017817866057157516, 0.015790283679962158, 0.008700322359800339, 0.009875594638288021, -0.006569793913513422, 0.01458206307142973, 0.019005198031663895, 0.03439657762646675, 0.011556154116988182, 0.01802465319633484, 0.038875192403793335, -0.021197861060500145, -0.012566586025059223, 0.014043274335563183, 0.0008771877037361264, -0.005266566760838032, 0.0064538223668932915, -0.048925481736660004, -0.008482097648084164, -0.022737670689821243, 0.038811005651950836, -0.031169133260846138, 0.008861067704856396, 0.015168147161602974, 0.012955552898347378, -0.004015292506664991, 0.028949717059731483, 0.010246758349239826, -0.03177880495786667, -0.014436240307986736, 0.00022356737463269383, -0.011547322385013103, -0.020367547869682312, 0.0018947029020637274, 0.007818472571671009, 0.024721909314393997, 0.016636556014418602, -0.04090523719787598, -0.04227963089942932, 0.01719394139945507, -0.010424386709928513, -0.0056136357598006725, 0.020007992163300514, -0.0019221154507249594, -0.05365845188498497, -0.08132172375917435, 0.04989643767476082, 0.019718846306204796, -0.06441490352153778, -0.07335362583398819, -0.0036850818432867527, -0.04478227719664574, 0.03813520446419716, 0.00882656965404749, 0.017314696684479713, 0.018024686723947525, -0.014325098134577274, 0.028169788420200348, 0.03550507128238678, -0.07362869381904602, 0.025213005021214485, -0.0009905056795105338, -0.024210680276155472, -0.016227083280682564, 0.000007671744242543355, 0.013512571342289448, 0.008140621706843376, 0.0034883313346654177, -0.029096979647874832, 0.041793093085289, -0.019699305295944214, 0.01684044860303402, 0.021113352850079536, 0.02522045001387596, 0.009199478663504124, 0.05829952284693718, -0.017543232068419456, 0.026728590950369835, -0.004248225595802069, 0.01678592339158058, -0.03842240944504738, 0.022774655371904373, -0.043704185634851456, -0.0067387474700808525, 0.002642713487148285, 0.010636971332132816, 0.01251730415970087, -0.07056748121976852, 0.026107456535100937, 0.024147821590304375, -0.04332119971513748, -0.0038751736283302307, 0.03406443074345589, 0.021256597712635994, 0.037997156381607056, -0.024627074599266052, 0.018688533455133438, 0.003591114655137062, -0.057004414498806, 0.005742986686527729, 0.008048352785408497, 0.012258324772119522, -0.010956540703773499, 0.04045271873474121, 0.012347380630671978, 0.005230457056313753, 0.02946111373603344, 0.008794805034995079, 0.0029626167379319668, -0.015899861231446266, 0.009943781420588493, 0.04666890203952789, 0.005504456348717213, 0.04841060936450958, 0.020377052947878838, -0.0007710987119935453, 0.07641010731458664, -0.016483062878251076, 0.004915573634207249, -0.0015633190050721169, 0.03311236575245857, -0.0068709151819348335, -0.02066265046596527, 0.05416062846779823, 0.01613931730389595, 0.01508735679090023, 0.010094579309225082, -0.008203228004276752, 0.015937210991978645, 0.0547620914876461, -0.041622307151556015, 0.05845768377184868, -0.01964220032095909, 0.0002486718585714698, -0.0403093583881855, -0.009206191636621952, -0.013447180390357971, -0.03551463782787323, 0.03368452191352844, 0.020911073312163353, 0.0060061197727918625, 0.009038785472512245, -0.021065086126327515, -0.0007233890355564654, 0.05531962960958481, 0.009551310911774635, -0.03245371952652931, -0.041184693574905396, 0.03751419484615326, 0.011440391652286053, -0.0362638384103775 ]
<p>I would like to use R to solve a problem I have. I don't even know what to call a problem of this kind and I'm finding Googling difficult. My guess is that this kind of problem already has R packages to help solve it, but I'd very much appreciate help defining the problem.</p> <p>I want to select the optimum combination of agents, given some constraints.</p> <p>I have a large set of agents, each of which has four 'measures':</p> <ol> <li><strong>Category 1</strong>: can take 1 of 4 possible values</li> <li><strong>Category 2</strong>: can take 1 of 20 possible values</li> <li><strong>Cost</strong>: a continuous variable</li> <li><strong>Expected Return</strong>: a continuous variable</li> </ol> <p>I wish to select a set of exactly 15 agents, to maximise <strong>Expected Return</strong>, with the following constraints:</p> <ol> <li>There must be a certain number of agents from each value of <strong>Category 1</strong></li> <li>There is a maximum number of agents from each value of <strong>Category 2</strong></li> <li>There is a maximum <strong>Cost</strong></li> </ol> <p>What kind of problem is this, specifically? Are you aware of any R packages that I could use / adapt to help me? I specify R only as I am very comfortable with the language.</p> <p>Many thanks for your time.</p>
33,408
[ -0.04653177782893181, 0.0024107841309159994, 0.007511825766414404, 0.021029476076364517, 0.020480047911405563, 0.00032962081604637206, 0.001701136352494359, -0.025403916835784912, 0.03654493764042854, -0.03495195880532265, 0.05151363089680672, 0.0439704991877079, 0.0438053198158741, 0.033191461116075516, -0.005771168507635593, -0.01204393059015274, 0.007325215730816126, 0.0069574047811329365, 0.022573625668883324, 0.009105300530791283, -0.030870966613292694, 0.005358289927244186, 0.006027784198522568, -0.03508521243929863, -0.041434258222579956, 0.07140547037124634, 0.023932889103889465, -0.0002883592969737947, -0.026806214824318886, 0.05951244384050369, -0.0597277469933033, -0.036002643406391144, 0.014778035692870617, -0.006362854968756437, 0.02897321805357933, 0.012363138608634472, -0.051359016448259354, -0.01454209629446268, -0.0406508594751358, -0.026012223213911057, -0.022438939660787582, -0.021035172045230865, 0.03723834455013275, -0.007988864555954933, -0.010880016721785069, 0.0499836802482605, 0.0008628235082142055, -0.019236786291003227, 0.012774317525327206, -0.02535264939069748, 0.107205331325531, 0.017832931131124496, 0.02748793363571167, -0.002288887510076165, 0.0010793054243549705, -0.010193959809839725, 0.036252353340387344, 0.10295223444700241, 0.014424932189285755, -0.055770497769117355, -0.030799169093370438, -0.022955769672989845, 0.011699419468641281, -0.00175569171551615, -0.037118442356586456, 0.04103032872080803, 0.007573800161480904, -0.005149573553353548, 0.03159506991505623, -0.0016868284437805414, 0.004811667837202549, 0.021224940195679665, 0.014878661371767521, 0.004065082408487797, 0.020637147128582, 0.029351873323321342, 0.01116070244461298, 0.017769116908311844, 0.032483186572790146, 0.033997613936662674, -0.0034661339595913887, 0.013290111906826496, 0.01380101777613163, 0.02098478190600872, -0.014688200317323208, -0.003977951593697071, 0.07720822095870972, -0.04530341550707817, 0.050373952835798264, -0.007439217064529657, 0.0023095570504665375, -0.008799619972705841, 0.06604842096567154, 0.04451175406575203, -0.05132266879081726, 0.03336607292294502, 0.00541047565639019, 0.0393030010163784, -0.017453376203775406, -0.02193395234644413, -0.018561605364084244, -0.035877447575330734, 0.012353414669632912, 0.05076412856578827, -0.015435803681612015, 0.011951982975006104, -0.05831104889512062, -0.020530717447400093, -0.002902345033362508, 0.007439184933900833, -0.003608217230066657, 0.046970266848802567, -0.014014259912073612, 0.014512574300169945, 0.007777503225952387, -0.03392535820603371, -0.005366285797208548, -0.005406823009252548, 0.056957997381687164, 0.0590197928249836, 0.03886181116104126, -0.025859836488962173, -0.0008058969397097826, 0.014383460395038128, -0.04597543179988861, 0.01960909180343151, 0.011982908472418785, 0.008491133339703083, -0.04373771697282791, 0.07797428965568542, 0.020094133913517, -0.02118002623319626, 0.030380405485630035, -0.012850011698901653, 0.014067437499761581, -0.05605067312717438, -0.06718938052654266, -0.05849020183086395, 0.049474455416202545, -0.050986070185899734, 0.0034015190321952105, -0.038540229201316833, 0.008919970132410526, 0.017817644402384758, 0.042324621230363846, -0.0027878987602889538, 0.0358625128865242, 0.04315842688083649, 0.00992095097899437, 0.030078930780291557, -0.003148486604914069, 0.01612452045083046, -0.05698516592383385, -0.006791641004383564, -0.02348993718624115, -0.09382746368646622, -0.011514909565448761, -0.01132561732083559, 0.0043189432471990585, -0.005720936227589846, 0.027410045266151428, 0.006209556479007006, -0.00678611546754837, -0.014797845855355263, 0.025487560778856277, -0.005189576651901007, 0.06184723973274231, 0.04036731272935867, 0.02285725064575672, 0.010871103033423424, -0.02415759116411209, 0.004416158422827721, 0.005269440822303295, 0.02776816487312317, 0.013324283063411713, -0.037565089762210846, 0.0053396075963974, -0.03580467402935028, -0.015429375693202019, 0.05334804952144623, 0.005417623091489077, -0.04837954789400101, -0.004872397053986788, -0.014480236917734146, 0.03443481773138046, 0.014405732043087482, 0.0007730398210696876, -0.04482300579547882, -0.005664572585374117, -0.04112282767891884, -0.05273996666073799, -0.069791279733181, -0.006430535111576319, 0.00015920543228276074, -0.02326205000281334, -0.0024812882766127586, 0.0011009176960214972, 0.020404813811182976, -0.0027362860273569822, -0.010308731347322464, -0.04921339452266693, -0.0008233904372900724, 0.05342003330588341, 0.018845325335860252, 0.003894452005624771, 0.04927930608391762, 0.06765256077051163, -0.0566854365170002, 0.028382418677210808, -0.0029692635871469975, -0.07173146307468414, -0.014408375136554241, -0.03555907681584358, 0.048449281603097916, 0.021174916997551918, -0.002582973800599575, 0.02271628938615322, 0.001022167969495058, -0.06033777445554733, 0.02518550120294094, -0.024474965408444405, 0.0637875348329544, 0.07019205391407013, 0.03591758757829666, -0.0007413503481075168, 0.03266633301973343, -0.007706792559474707, 0.04722955450415611, -0.03974330797791481, -0.013480722904205322, -0.05668896436691284, 0.024758072569966316, 0.007828673347830772, 0.03255888819694519, -0.05729854479432106, -0.0050918725319206715, 0.03203097730875015, 0.022177517414093018, 0.015104479156434536, 0.026500582695007324, -0.004614201374351978, 0.026616740971803665, 0.053547341376543045, 0.030512694269418716, 0.028957990929484367, 0.0012463340535759926, -0.0015896297991275787, 0.0009355255169793963, 0.019677646458148956, -0.004301621578633785, -0.010345508344471455, 0.035739485174417496, 0.0085337795317173, 0.0006968469242565334, -0.028762303292751312, -0.041741207242012024, 0.03891144320368767, -0.03250344097614288, 0.02150454744696617, 0.06538192927837372, 0.03343659266829491, -0.01205522008240223, -0.00327580189332366, -0.007549171801656485, -0.029268886893987656, 0.04952744022011757, -0.0593787357211113, -0.010420314036309719, 0.046256065368652344, -0.04922660067677498, 0.0022794229444116354, 0.022765452042222023, -0.0235408004373312, -0.0311212707310915, 0.0147303631529212, -0.01853078044950962, -0.024537716060876846, 0.013290575705468655, -0.002544117858633399, -0.018606696277856827, -0.01609286107122898, -0.013251335360109806, 0.02283109351992607, -0.03370927646756172, -0.04042324051260948, -0.01318981871008873, -0.007055280264467001, -0.0424918606877327, 0.03342949226498604, 0.001514202682301402, -0.02616904117166996, 0.031069466844201088, -0.01152240764349699, -0.02764480747282505, -0.004676525481045246, -0.019136661663651466, 0.058039888739585876, -0.013700748793780804, 0.0025344977620989084, 0.03827851265668869, 0.021349921822547913, -0.04953976720571518, -0.039266251027584076, -0.061906419694423676, -0.011807397939264774, -0.04058837890625, 0.02243395894765854, -0.005145356059074402, 0.03684581071138382, -0.01869378611445427, 0.037292491644620895, 0.00896305963397026, -0.040417589247226715, -0.10734136402606964, -0.05147203803062439, -0.004565334878861904, 0.0181877464056015, 0.018214572221040726, 0.006624496076256037, -0.014625879935920238, 0.08330418169498444, 0.04032902419567108, -0.05571291968226433, -0.06605926156044006, -0.02298475243151188, -0.001516727963462472, -0.004589055199176073, 0.03234010189771652, 0.01516541838645935, 0.024998145177960396, 0.022415349259972572, 0.014856299385428429, 0.008823097683489323, 0.013020936399698257, -0.03374449163675308, -0.0008669474627822638, 0.02611655928194523, -0.007004042621701956, -0.03895401954650879, 0.020060166716575623, 0.0398869551718235, -0.0189361609518528, 0.04049968346953392, -0.016400296241044998, 0.00839786883443594, -0.023123975843191147, -0.046469494700431824, -0.031936999410390854, -0.00351237365975976, 0.01576407440006733, -0.011489219032227993, 0.04346998780965805, 0.013041584752500057, -0.05034272000193596, 0.011433410458266735, 0.04475201666355133, 0.032024141401052475, -0.040616776794195175, -0.03419535979628563, 0.0313941091299057, 0.02024328149855137, -0.04780254140496254, 0.0063440557569265366, -0.024610185995697975, -0.00462213484570384, -0.03048630617558956, -0.00706834252923727, -0.01865861937403679, 0.004691132809966803, -0.025697097182273865, 0.03647512197494507, 0.04330803081393242, -0.03757748380303383, 0.009310911409556866, -0.08707664906978607, 0.00762161985039711, -0.02496292255818844, 0.0674184039235115, 0.011613652110099792, 0.027986649423837662, -0.0006837922846898437, 0.00044891578727401793, -0.0030689004343003035, -0.02070920355618, -0.0925525426864624, 0.05984356254339218, 0.01713530346751213, 0.047746263444423676, 0.015680581331253052, -0.03356751427054405, 0.03364880755543709, -0.015829699113965034, 0.009726119227707386, -0.0018165940418839455, -0.007548310328274965, -0.026282701641321182, 0.0045751589350402355, -0.010920874774456024, -0.012210511602461338, 0.015199397690594196, -0.018888400867581367, 0.031606294214725494, -0.029637353494763374, 0.06310919672250748, 0.04148702695965767, -0.019108708947896957, -0.0032943841069936752, -0.02726217359304428, 0.004542067646980286, 0.02130279131233692, 0.05213036760687828, -0.009454633109271526, 0.03218337148427963, 0.009778562001883984, 0.04809710383415222, 0.008449993096292019, 0.019911760464310646, 0.038635049015283585, 0.007524516433477402, -0.030232422053813934, -0.04506629705429077, 0.023504463955760002, 0.0032183758448809385, -0.009882774204015732, 0.006964432075619698, -0.02187712863087654, 0.013697998598217964, 0.02432067133486271, -0.04719160869717598, -0.013765545561909676, 0.0780566930770874, 0.012426840141415596, -0.028377827256917953, 0.014525138773024082, -0.03887499123811722, -0.02758912183344364, 0.009370745159685612, 0.024279555305838585, -0.013271530158817768, -0.014195810072124004, 0.03743308037519455, 0.03912650793790817, -0.02122572623193264, -0.03832057863473892, 0.024815665557980537, 0.0007887090323492885, 0.024097802117466927, -0.03980749100446701, -0.04134945198893547, -0.02848643623292446, 0.013953312300145626, 0.012704550288617611, -0.007344136945903301, 0.005908654071390629, -0.08247371017932892, 0.02345072291791439, 0.034244097769260406, 0.05792849138379097, -0.0007239656406454742, -0.0086689917370677, -0.03061753325164318, -0.011195513419806957, 0.024921340867877007, -0.04234049469232559, 0.005994428880512714, -0.050277091562747955, -0.008451392874121666, -0.006190070882439613, -0.03486481308937073, -0.0165872722864151, -0.030198602005839348, -0.015121427364647388, 0.04551871120929718, 0.04008575528860092, -0.0015383993741124868, -0.028549829497933388, 0.012594103813171387, 0.021494491025805473, 0.013066417537629604, -0.009327777661383152, -0.022771259769797325, 0.04876723513007164, 0.025014879181981087, -0.031216466799378395, -0.02905830182135105, 0.025058729574084282, 0.009529762901365757, -0.012871723622083664, 0.04691062495112419, -0.025907525792717934, -0.006177846342325211, 0.02899610437452793, -0.009270058013498783, 0.0020172367803752422, -0.013368063606321812, -0.008186893537640572, 0.02077454887330532, 0.07673140615224838, -0.00906477589160204, 0.0286354161798954, 0.054575588554143906, -0.011968342587351799, 0.06612708419561386, -0.007728999014943838, -0.0003201967920176685, 0.015020634047687054, -0.03118451125919819, -0.054613325744867325, -0.0164804570376873, -0.014663388021290302, 0.022080102935433388, 0.010172698646783829, 0.02894449792802334, -0.04706713929772377, -0.022937839850783348, -0.025215089321136475, 0.05144248530268669, 0.00655676145106554, -0.029825320467352867, 0.012693156488239765, 0.019098864868283272, 0.010929742828011513, -0.015212013386189938, 0.014134557917714119, -0.0027760029770433903, 0.015999523922801018, 0.01330628339201212, -0.04944499582052231, 0.026307495310902596, -0.01767885498702526, -0.011613130569458008, 0.018571969121694565, -0.03217427432537079, 0.023455016314983368, -0.00862081814557314, 0.06535951048135757, -0.017239218577742577, -0.03973066806793213, -0.056087590754032135, 0.019880468025803566, -0.023890014737844467, -0.033289406448602676, -0.028697501868009567, 0.04404956102371216, -0.027508554980158806, -0.0030769240111112595, -0.03936643525958061, -0.0366223119199276, 0.01966913416981697, 0.023443078622221947, -0.03642081469297409, -0.05643591284751892, -0.010337759740650654, -0.00339851644821465, -0.007842294871807098, -0.0752890333533287, 0.05124785006046295, 0.028379090130329132, 0.004106634296476841, -0.007223641499876976, 0.011902563273906708, 0.039537783712148666, 0.054402850568294525, -0.01074989978224039, 0.036180682480335236, 0.0026897848583757877, -0.018982939422130585, -0.029824675992131233, -0.027947423979640007, -0.032021429389715195, -0.02982981503009796, -0.02063552290201187, 0.03626555576920509, 0.023890068754553795, -0.019293636083602905, 0.013531363569200039, 0.029057716950774193, -0.03391243517398834, -0.02068527601659298, -0.04753747209906578, -0.024265853688120842, -0.0010484512895345688, -0.014372342266142368, -0.020623698830604553, 0.020774105563759804, -0.012982754036784172, -0.04872883856296539, 0.009927633218467236, -0.02148742787539959, -0.001548726111650467, 0.021703612059354782, 0.07693672180175781, 0.025857891887426376, -0.01669367589056492, -0.016190335154533386, -0.007028998341411352, 0.05106300488114357, -0.05818202346563339, -0.008735050447285175, 0.026384634897112846, 0.046377066522836685, -0.01914164610207081, -0.002984520047903061, -0.025799529626965523, 0.03504812717437744, -0.0008753795991651714, -0.03747169300913811, 0.04443810135126114, 0.03315671905875206, -0.0010877568274736404, 0.008458592928946018, -0.03256877139210701, -0.013779968023300171, 0.021206369623541832, 0.026474494487047195, 0.0567178875207901, 0.01395026221871376, 0.03722076490521431, 0.015505843795835972, 0.007752774283289909, 0.027827443554997444, -0.019862746819853783, -0.03005148470401764, 0.031497806310653687, 0.008128511719405651, -0.057240262627601624, -0.043834127485752106, 0.008183067664504051, -0.031206414103507996, 0.0011421636445447803, -0.04036730155348778, -0.04165366291999817, 0.014641324989497662, 0.017561936751008034, -0.0109609579667449, -0.04203130304813385, -0.031260132789611816, 0.0043975780718028545, 0.01993638277053833, 0.056707292795181274, -0.01589895784854889, 0.018756795674562454, -0.00953507050871849, 0.0317278727889061, 0.00662464601919055, 0.030795510858297348, -0.061305612325668335, -0.0472864992916584, -0.043023500591516495, -0.038821231573820114, -0.029262244701385498, 0.0355910062789917, 0.01767876371741295, 0.02111000381410122, 0.029463674873113632, -0.03610783815383911, -0.036677036434412, 0.023635830730199814, 0.027669092640280724, 0.0033350654412060976, 0.04712006077170372, 0.015874752774834633, 0.007725003641098738, -0.026364756748080254, 0.0055358619429171085, 0.11013869941234589, 0.09970807284116745, 0.04416478052735329, -0.048113685101270676, 0.022775111719965935, -0.003586272243410349, -0.0087342020124197, -0.028167011216282845, 0.008952089585363865, 0.027453603222966194, 0.0025162084493786097, 0.03363380581140518, 0.05788885056972504, 0.020535476505756378, 0.028229456394910812, 0.04368722066283226, -0.04661498963832855, -0.015526681207120419, 0.037018001079559326, 0.01622678153216839, -0.0015949762891978025, -0.024033959954977036, -0.0579318143427372, 0.022523032501339912, 0.01514084730297327, -0.025371011346578598, -0.029843315482139587, -0.018706610426306725, 0.011874774470925331, -0.008923029527068138, 0.028320185840129852, 0.009978954680263996, -0.006952987518161535, -0.019414853304624557, 0.041155487298965454, -0.00024820523685775697, 0.018233008682727814, -0.0398830845952034, 0.015735460445284843, 0.03077763319015503, 0.026043973863124847, 0.018219856545329094, -0.02168576605618, 0.041145291179418564, -0.011988887563347816, -0.005928169935941696, -0.020691074430942535, 0.005391676910221577, -0.02658042311668396, 0.015014233998954296, -0.011653863824903965, 0.04297155886888504, 0.009161991998553276, -0.04132822901010513, -0.014393560588359833, -0.009443377144634724, 0.02819930948317051, 0.00020347058307379484, -0.039944376796483994, -0.029071934521198273, 0.028719251975417137, -0.012659273110330105, 0.02865006774663925, -0.008275835774838924, -0.03313051164150238, -0.011407658457756042, -0.04822230339050293, 0.058091387152671814, 0.008100051432847977, 0.0015067113563418388, -0.016486959531903267, -0.03297329321503639, -0.015135522000491619, -0.0044936626218259335, -0.007676428649574518, 0.0031093102879822254, 0.007510550320148468, -0.021917911246418953, -0.007851970382034779, 0.005760724190622568, -0.049045272171497345, -0.01286091934889555, -0.025298036634922028, -0.039213549345731735, -0.01439073495566845, -0.0069550322368741035, -0.011796830222010612, 0.009440400637686253, 0.03269398212432861, 0.00652892142534256, -6.306570412561996e-7, 0.015678757801651955, 0.001438072882592678, -0.039451148360967636, -0.03512125462293625, -0.028307637199759483, -0.055786699056625366, 0.010239933617413044, -0.0109178451821208, 0.08122047781944275, -0.01051122136414051, 0.015858875587582588, 0.015231305733323097, 0.002419903874397278, -0.017896702513098717, 0.002938678255304694, 0.05078958719968796, -0.06739513576030731, 0.02092953957617283, 0.002983069745823741, -0.013346774503588676, -0.06117812916636467, 0.02956967242062092, -0.027043405920267105, -0.029135949909687042, -0.004222205374389887, -0.009403813630342484, -0.043976180255413055, 0.020208608359098434, -0.02510135807096958, 0.00011382468073861673, -0.015603546984493732, 0.01484709046781063, -0.016517488285899162, 0.005982053931802511, -0.025612730532884598, -0.009893174283206463, -0.024929603561758995, 0.0122540183365345, -0.0031929248943924904, -0.016094744205474854, -0.00208273041062057, 0.021628305315971375, -0.03552709147334099, 0.015822824090719223, -0.03337620571255684, 0.023219620808959007, 0.03852926567196846, -0.021487796679139137, 0.011460789479315281, 0.03433842211961746, -0.062134310603141785, -0.005504702217876911, -0.025619978085160255, -0.017273273319005966, 0.06526906043291092, 0.042434800416231155, -0.0017691609682515264, -0.025921892374753952, 0.04383673146367073, -0.018264148384332657, -0.011478940956294537, -0.002213996136561036, 0.040638066828250885, -0.008138605393469334, -0.01130376011133194, -0.028126448392868042, 0.030609047040343285, -0.05368701368570328, -0.0046584936790168285, 0.05090115964412689, 0.01030602678656578, -0.019397471100091934, 0.03012033924460411, -0.006304199807345867, 0.020009851083159447, 0.028686920180916786, 0.006676492281258106, 0.04806254804134369, 0.029349397867918015, -0.02191782556474209, 0.03447043523192406, 0.017745869234204292, 0.01133884396404028, -0.09444070607423782, -0.005811913404613733, 0.012643259949982166, -0.016997521743178368, 0.05696393921971321, -0.056088969111442566, 0.043280985206365585, 0.04711364582180977, -0.03237331286072731, 0.025233972817659378, -0.03453385829925537, -0.002050188137218356, -0.02383214421570301, 0.008556151762604713, -0.01575375534594059, 0.03824763000011444, 0.010039475746452808, 0.03758125379681587, 0.05057051405310631, -0.0066633340902626514, 0.008981442078948021, -0.04216732084751129, 0.018885912373661995, 0.012401571497321129, 0.013121346943080425, -0.05620908737182617, 0.07668478041887283, -0.035461265593767166, -0.03598278388381004, 0.021930601447820663, -0.011602168902754784, 0.003926454111933708, 0.061443548649549484, 0.025706317275762558, 0.0005195364356040955, 0.07528121024370193, 0.009068085812032223, -0.00452310498803854, -0.007152958773076534, -0.005699279718101025, 0.0037166893016546965, -0.02101372554898262, 0.003150253091007471, 0.009139388799667358, 0.07460789382457733, -0.01716158166527748, -0.0012631280114874244, 0.0046750991605222225, -0.002439055358991027, -0.010730341076850891, 0.010862317867577076, 0.004585116170346737, -0.00401148060336709, -0.019436988979578018, -0.011143786832690239, -0.00012223907106090337, 0.024660294875502586, 0.03126312792301178, -0.006384748034179211, 0.03416009247303009, -0.012928002513945103, -0.01275352481752634, -0.009509328752756119, -0.003631733590736985, 0.004622075241059065, -0.028546404093503952, -0.021162625402212143, 0.043271731585264206, 0.01883215643465519, -0.029561780393123627, -0.02259376272559166, -0.011889244429767132, -0.04101411625742912, 0.020685456693172455, -0.02098618634045124, 0.016237445175647736, 0.0052638063207268715, 0.01200050674378872, 0.047925204038619995, -0.0853155329823494, 0.06467381864786148, 0.021337728947401047, 0.05304179713129997, -0.013830802403390408, -0.012273818254470825, -0.030187394469976425, 0.011714022606611252, 0.029678093269467354, -0.03107842430472374, -0.0011540832929313183, 0.021776089444756508, 0.054146379232406616, 0.019889162853360176, -0.015267585404217243, 0.03893183171749115, 0.003948540892452002, -0.030081018805503845, -0.036912817507982254, -0.008919849991798401, 0.0251354668289423, -0.04159524291753769, -0.008310974575579166, -0.018742850050330162, -0.017463915050029755, -0.0150587884709239, -0.0022505680099129677, 0.010050318203866482, -0.014890793710947037, 0.010466198436915874, 0.024189120158553123, 0.0008455212810076773, 0.0211107786744833, -0.016042083501815796, 0.0043998705223202705, -0.028949124738574028, 0.03699097782373428, -0.03995829448103905, -0.02693801373243332, 0.00445168511942029, 0.019386542961001396, -0.014886041171848774, -0.05323847755789757, 0.009531487710773945, 0.04831976816058159, -0.02449401281774044, -0.02544751949608326, 0.04644066095352173, 0.037353962659835815, 0.06917575746774673, -0.027222881093621254, 0.01289738342165947, -0.03306058421730995, -0.00813926663249731, -0.018575910478830338, 0.014720778912305832, 0.038455236703157425, 0.008235019631683826, 0.01374860480427742, 0.028238831087946892, -0.02627641148865223, 0.03826276957988739, -0.004431625362485647, 0.014128576964139938, -0.007660227362066507, -0.011401350609958172, 0.01581471972167492, 0.004535617306828499, 0.022313082590699196, -0.052685726433992386, -0.009608895517885685, 0.02903061918914318, -0.015313457697629929, 0.025548866018652916, 0.0018361709080636501, 0.003953402861952782, -0.06002611666917801, -0.0072522247210145, -0.007894521579146385, 0.01857762597501278, 0.013911059126257896, 0.03305988758802414, -0.02074587717652321, 0.02091851271688938, 0.021992646157741547, -0.011258693411946297, 0.042573362588882446, -0.021064603701233864, -0.005864343140274286, -0.002597118029370904, 0.02612205035984516, -0.0012011290527880192, -0.03543221950531006, 0.00027896391111426055, 0.05879327654838562, 0.014281387440860271, -0.0453563891351223, -0.024907706305384636, 0.035082027316093445, 0.02342146262526512, -0.05545463785529137, -0.012691213749349117, -0.050264399498701096, -0.005720590706914663, -0.002841328037902713, 0.007804318331182003 ]
<p>This time, I have a more theoretical than computational predicament. I have a path model that I am interested in testing on a data set with two groups. It is a very simple two predictor model outlined below, and I am using the ML-SEM function on Mplus v.7 to analyze the data.</p> <pre><code> y = x1 + x2 </code></pre> <p>My main research question is (1.) whether my model works better between groups or within groups. I am also interested in (2.) the proportion of the variance accounted for between group as compared to within groups. Finally, I would like to know (3.) if x1 is a better between-group predictor and x2 is a better within-group predictor.</p> <p>The model converges just fine and fits the data very well, but I do not know what type of information in the output I would use to answer these three research questions. What data do I use to derive the amount of variance accounted for by the model on each level? How can I compare the predictors functioning within and between groups?</p> <p>Any pointers and suggestions would be very much appreciated.</p> <p>Thanks!</p>
74,086
[ -0.04243449494242668, -0.03304145485162735, -0.04273827373981476, -0.02323661372065544, 0.004228498786687851, 0.03598044440150261, 0.020326094701886177, -0.043171487748622894, 0.03272458165884018, -0.0009687601705081761, 0.03260331228375435, 0.02860785461962223, 0.07524999976158142, 0.03412574902176857, 0.040855929255485535, 0.00675225630402565, -0.007131125312298536, -0.007710055448114872, 0.026063328608870506, 0.03285374864935875, -0.04811888560652733, -0.0069208829663693905, -0.007458899170160294, -0.016154348850250244, -0.012036647647619247, 0.0620209164917469, 0.029673563316464424, 0.00007604397978866473, -0.005737232975661755, 0.019685210660099983, -0.015291301533579826, -0.04040108248591423, -0.007588241249322891, 0.04151812195777893, -0.030384298413991928, -0.0038320128805935383, -0.0029321734327822924, -0.018063705414533615, -0.009225047193467617, 0.03539387509226799, -0.03315671160817146, 0.004847715143114328, 0.008650527335703373, 0.019181324169039726, -0.004544408991932869, 0.024910638108849525, -0.0032096675131469965, 0.020729856565594673, 0.021048154681921005, -0.028744688257575035, 0.0931001827120781, 0.008266114629805088, 0.011533536948263645, 0.017119059339165688, -0.022287065163254738, 0.0163523368537426, 0.05312788113951683, 0.06509920954704285, 0.027643347159028053, -0.015125349164009094, -0.03217790275812149, -0.017680298537015915, 0.024711601436138153, -0.023997535929083824, -0.06380675733089447, 0.0007912162691354752, -0.03445672243833542, -0.01590714044868946, 0.024028494954109192, 0.015446214005351067, 0.020479325205087662, -0.005017569288611412, 0.04000427946448326, 0.02977396547794342, 0.017532771453261375, -0.0014428113354369998, 0.01104197558015585, 0.023265337571501732, 0.03356502950191498, 0.054537512362003326, -0.019897395744919777, -0.004214929416775703, -0.013484600000083447, 0.022388003766536713, -0.00536974985152483, -0.0034810013603419065, 0.03361523896455765, -0.013256553560495377, -0.0007272728835232556, 0.010283341631293297, -0.019109085202217102, 0.02239343896508217, 0.030381444841623306, 0.047848548740148544, -0.027903106063604355, 0.031995490193367004, -0.019372520968317986, 0.019687090069055557, 0.006676270626485348, 0.01442583929747343, -0.009957865811884403, -0.0476841926574707, 0.013817526400089264, 0.03868965804576874, -0.020910967141389847, -0.002859344705939293, -0.002479214919731021, -0.012214374728500843, -0.03271956741809845, -0.025430910289287567, 0.019573068246245384, 0.016982242465019226, -0.006848422810435295, 0.011354909278452396, 0.028943568468093872, -0.022673269733786583, -0.033472925424575806, -0.03973209857940674, 0.051187172532081604, 0.06967030465602875, 0.049024082720279694, -0.03837323188781738, 0.013493679463863373, -0.011735986918210983, -0.024123186245560646, 0.018754035234451294, 0.022233499214053154, -0.019203539937734604, -0.004505170974880457, 0.037181660532951355, 0.03697161749005318, -0.015568871982395649, 0.04706699773669243, -0.008951027877628803, 0.004091502632945776, 0.012084513902664185, -0.08857067674398422, -0.05485490337014198, 0.01943398453295231, -0.006801317445933819, 0.011689995415508747, -0.06233149766921997, -0.012686699628829956, -0.006454538553953171, 0.05703926831483841, -0.0025254248175770044, 0.05425677448511124, 0.008694062940776348, 0.02301657572388649, 0.012151363305747509, -0.05174737423658371, 0.0036355999764055014, -0.034238651394844055, -0.026923706755042076, -0.015480599366128445, -0.06628512591123581, 0.016844918951392174, 0.04202921316027641, -0.03562058135867119, -0.006899118423461914, 0.04196365550160408, -0.01250543911010027, 0.005762358196079731, -0.0024819299578666687, 0.04219124838709831, 0.025708431378006935, 0.045157477259635925, 0.0062017785385251045, 0.024745140224695206, 0.00965331494808197, 0.017462659627199173, -0.017766356468200684, 0.0003649554855655879, -0.009807778522372246, 0.02856854908168316, 0.007772684097290039, 0.002541903406381607, 0.0023943306878209114, 0.0020501497201621532, 0.020785074681043625, -0.07675110548734665, -0.05215238779783249, -0.017304997891187668, -0.011158277280628681, -0.010978695005178452, 0.03998288884758949, -0.024642566218972206, -0.00855171401053667, 0.03205902874469757, -0.03616004064679146, -0.05663067102432251, -0.041822418570518494, 0.052147652953863144, -0.013419495895504951, -0.04594355449080467, -0.0004825324285775423, -0.012806426733732224, 0.03528172895312309, -0.0017969380132853985, -0.034662794321775436, -0.06562064588069916, -0.001020773546770215, 0.0338333323597908, 0.0007623030687682331, 0.010645372793078423, 0.023699648678302765, 0.06232062727212906, -0.06347617506980896, 0.027970923110842705, -0.03402020037174225, -0.04378688335418701, 0.018862035125494003, -0.014756057411432266, 0.0212252214550972, -0.006152964197099209, -0.01698448695242405, 0.003972670063376427, 0.014063422568142414, -0.02132793702185154, 0.024786900728940964, -0.051564041525125504, 0.04701271653175354, 0.07183422148227692, 0.01744888350367546, 0.007610352709889412, -0.0034528470132499933, -0.027327585965394974, 0.03319784253835678, -0.030094962567090988, -0.0037506117951124907, -0.02617928944528103, -0.055920735001564026, 0.023466642946004868, -0.020164383575320244, -0.04116439074277878, 0.01701318472623825, 0.046470701694488525, -0.0230584517121315, 0.017078567296266556, -0.011112221516668797, 0.002214946085587144, -0.014701292850077152, -0.003961015492677689, 0.05721873790025711, -0.00593054573982954, 0.010928337462246418, 0.017601173371076584, 0.0004184795543551445, 0.021394850686192513, 0.01532403752207756, 0.004252767655998468, 0.05839225649833679, -0.002450649393722415, -0.0027067738119512796, -0.022391024976968765, -0.009679124690592289, 0.06098710000514984, 0.01122248824685812, 0.007464411668479443, 0.05356605723500252, -0.00908631831407547, -0.013347933068871498, -0.016091998666524887, -0.02762533165514469, 0.0213647298514843, 0.03202476352453232, -0.007490880321711302, -0.00466134212911129, 0.001685505616478622, -0.029533591121435165, 0.029924573376774788, -0.011990392580628395, -0.022956568747758865, -0.0542011484503746, 0.051026035100221634, 0.02844097651541233, -0.006226145196706057, 0.02350124530494213, -0.030257804319262505, -0.04629990831017494, 0.013672948814928532, 0.021805426105856895, 0.01519917231053114, -0.010851363651454449, -0.05360175296664238, 0.0002274828584631905, -0.039687931537628174, -0.0013554731849581003, 0.047460850328207016, 0.021164095029234886, -0.050124380737543106, 0.021971741691231728, -0.0028864271007478237, -0.06179478392004967, -0.0018329161684960127, -0.02919822186231613, -0.024062922224402428, 0.00894160196185112, -0.04144921153783798, 0.00434806477278471, -0.00226169778034091, -0.02735176309943199, 0.02588193491101265, -0.02756383642554283, -0.004046780988574028, 0.012212651781737804, 0.031904228031635284, -0.00473111541941762, 0.01403119321912527, 0.023354418575763702, 0.03248411789536476, -0.010421300306916237, 0.005563012789934874, -0.06788700073957443, -0.0656854659318924, 0.03851982206106186, 0.004740300588309765, -0.001129806973040104, -0.027799971401691437, -0.001252227695658803, 0.08339540660381317, 0.03020232915878296, -0.03710237890481949, -0.06981905549764633, -0.007111880928277969, -0.02157873846590519, -0.009114044718444347, 0.041382163763046265, 0.032440539449453354, 0.023259060457348824, 0.025052066892385483, -0.0019658308010548353, 0.026620125398039818, 0.0519368015229702, -0.033996887505054474, 0.029510604217648506, 0.030923811718821526, 0.027207456529140472, -0.03031332790851593, 0.04451917111873627, 0.05393558368086815, -0.03244846686720848, 0.0374813936650753, -0.023522015661001205, -0.020695760846138, 0.009880376048386097, -0.040438439697027206, 0.019867055118083954, -0.031583521515131, 0.0043252636678516865, -0.04049863666296005, -0.0010523495730012655, 0.0172042865306139, -0.016136420890688896, -0.001468614675104618, 0.018202031031250954, -0.0022865473292768, 0.013710658997297287, 0.00040893227560445666, 0.06057584285736084, 0.04414244741201401, 0.01639668084681034, -0.046181220561265945, -0.023609008640050888, 0.011850630864501, 0.005501653533428907, 0.010292279534041882, -0.046037692576646805, 0.028539149090647697, 0.040963757783174515, -0.013092548586428165, -0.018056277185678482, -0.013179536908864975, -0.016597963869571686, -0.0707915723323822, 0.028506092727184296, -0.03981758654117584, 0.033347584307193756, 0.004342743195593357, 0.04246216639876366, -0.0235262680798769, -0.021153168752789497, -0.011515221558511257, -0.018568050116300583, -0.05213260278105736, 0.04113952815532684, 0.010339492931962013, -0.017926331609487534, 0.005938699934631586, -0.008435160852968693, 0.024661406874656677, -0.02561357244849205, 0.0014880566159263253, 0.03738532215356827, 0.03761463239789009, -0.025151314213871956, 0.00825464352965355, -0.056694380939006805, -0.004363055340945721, -0.015235843136906624, 0.045388638973236084, 0.013284794986248016, 0.003294076770544052, 0.03402644395828247, 0.02936718240380287, -0.025719555094838142, -0.01488877460360527, -0.025431904941797256, -0.01695583201944828, 0.0028308259788900614, 0.028385525569319725, 0.03898501396179199, 0.011385638266801834, -0.018304014578461647, 0.02628968097269535, -0.02331085503101349, 0.03901204839348793, 0.05555003508925438, -0.004929319955408573, 0.012181131169199944, -0.0006192063447088003, 0.003716385690495372, 0.027180859819054604, 0.0035211120266467333, 0.010976944118738174, -0.03710591793060303, 0.05356043577194214, 0.0449286550283432, -0.04159054905176163, -0.00032251415541395545, 0.039767809212207794, 0.01787409372627735, 0.011594893410801888, -0.06296966969966888, -0.00478006387129426, 0.013520324602723122, -0.031059356406331062, 0.04783536493778229, -0.003464391687884927, 0.016488423570990562, -0.0074705639854073524, 0.0410483293235302, -0.016130538657307625, -0.04241523519158363, 0.016803622245788574, -0.04602706804871559, 0.028893927112221718, 0.018648874014616013, -0.04711209237575531, -0.003231990849599242, 0.05058318004012108, 0.029752656817436218, 0.04250283166766167, -0.004637448117136955, -0.07565769553184509, -0.024860771372914314, 0.04626923426985741, 0.06822613626718521, -0.05624566599726677, -0.008232774212956429, -0.007874949835240841, -0.012181149795651436, 0.00846354104578495, -0.00034349606721661985, 0.011664026416838169, 0.008822109550237656, 0.007046858314424753, -0.06524664908647537, -0.03870881721377373, -0.07319037616252899, 0.01632791757583618, -0.012603102251887321, 0.011584476567804813, -0.045793402940034866, -0.008902925997972488, -0.023034101352095604, 0.015363268554210663, 0.022287212312221527, 0.03539523854851723, -0.026446815580129623, 0.004853062331676483, 0.030301136896014214, 0.05564059317111969, 0.00756361149251461, -0.07069237530231476, 0.024610083550214767, 0.01652509532868862, 0.014406745322048664, 0.07656582444906235, -0.01185027789324522, -0.0507783405482769, 0.03850973770022392, -0.023759154602885246, -0.004262133501470089, -0.001435997080989182, -0.01355586014688015, 0.037790440022945404, 0.018666718155145645, -0.011482126079499722, 0.05682630464434624, -0.008148912340402603, 0.02651286870241165, -0.03976314514875412, -0.016606833785772324, 0.014956832863390446, 0.007994528859853745, -0.038346417248249054, -0.03155885264277458, -0.03022756613790989, -0.025690611451864243, 0.03871186077594757, 0.0072120241820812225, 0.07472870498895645, -0.044215790927410126, -0.04292333871126175, -0.010402225889265537, 0.03114316053688526, -0.032859090715646744, 0.020348720252513885, 0.033720191568136215, 0.012747162953019142, 0.010524156503379345, -0.036166246980428696, 0.04062637314200401, -0.05252369865775108, 0.0007052705623209476, 0.018498970195651054, -0.04622418060898781, -0.00811305083334446, -0.019831497222185135, -0.012321945279836655, -0.012916614301502705, 0.005490556359291077, -0.0008786455728113651, -0.015254626981914043, 0.04437652975320816, 0.006327338516712189, -0.020336447283625603, -0.0037724648136645555, 0.04511428251862526, 0.0014883256517350674, 0.012265791185200214, 0.0007772541721351445, 0.019388912245631218, -0.004882337525486946, 0.004847106523811817, -0.07431812584400177, -0.04451829195022583, -0.01816156506538391, -0.009650759398937225, -0.0460393950343132, -0.028734054416418076, -0.017219994217157364, -0.03232257813215256, -0.03291723132133484, -0.011662295088171959, 0.03578276187181473, -0.000776668603066355, 0.0006252685561776161, -0.026293834671378136, 0.015849454328417778, 0.11317838728427887, -0.015928467735648155, -0.0016999472863972187, 0.015991026535630226, -0.01751919463276863, -0.01113418024033308, 0.0032807718962430954, 0.0011024944251403213, -0.020276371389627457, -0.005068865139037371, -0.03553619980812073, 0.014521121047437191, 0.09933308511972427, -0.04347168281674385, -0.010682775638997555, 0.023293258622288704, 0.01170596294105053, 0.012322054244577885, -0.040122270584106445, 0.03996146470308304, -0.04330115020275116, -0.0033296882174909115, 0.008798697963356972, 0.010561279952526093, -0.047689035534858704, -0.011324919760227203, 0.006681025959551334, 0.014153597876429558, -0.04558722674846649, 0.02749272994697094, 0.09331762045621872, 0.0432802252471447, 0.015253442339599133, 0.0136977294459939, -0.035208046436309814, 0.05082647502422333, 0.003179229097440839, 0.044828541576862335, -0.013274571858346462, 0.07104463130235672, -0.0046765743754804134, -0.019020926207304, 0.008384300395846367, 0.0018594239372760057, 0.05614997074007988, -0.02466578409075737, 0.018585221841931343, 0.06368372589349747, -0.0011162715964019299, -0.015445969998836517, -0.04213523119688034, -0.006043580360710621, 0.0028598078060895205, -0.006823230534791946, 0.0935313031077385, -0.0385412871837616, -0.01058810856193304, 0.04942036047577858, 0.04636804386973381, 0.006956660654395819, 0.0013388447696343064, 0.010001404210925102, 0.006255476735532284, 0.04459894448518753, -0.026932386681437492, -0.013691715896129608, 0.0245961993932724, -0.04070373624563217, -0.0009799741674214602, -0.07743396610021591, 0.013269787654280663, 0.03732478246092796, 0.05699711665511131, -0.014871669933199883, -0.025952748954296112, 0.0010636651422828436, -0.057183489203453064, -0.023647738620638847, 0.01602262072265148, -0.018735554069280624, 0.02450805902481079, 0.01837869919836521, 0.041850872337818146, -0.01332169957458973, 0.02890649624168873, -0.046273112297058105, -0.09649515151977539, -0.041575588285923004, 0.003117612563073635, -0.034264132380485535, 0.032790407538414, -0.007985019125044346, -0.05285511538386345, 0.015567277558147907, -0.06061418727040291, 0.021642807871103287, -0.021647216752171516, 0.03585241734981537, -0.004003787413239479, 0.05043797567486763, -0.010999520309269428, 0.02431967854499817, -0.023639440536499023, -0.007337434217333794, 0.099382184445858, 0.05474155768752098, 0.03965454548597336, -0.06403324007987976, 0.02942427434027195, 0.02084103412926197, -0.007618356496095657, -0.012112288735806942, -0.006477794609963894, 0.02225387655198574, 0.0217939130961895, 0.06063013896346092, 0.0530858151614666, 0.010287362150847912, 0.0199782345443964, 0.06263906508684158, -0.031713537871837616, -0.032692864537239075, 0.06807290017604828, -0.03082023188471794, 0.006238638423383236, -0.03652496635913849, -0.015375522896647453, 0.0014608491910621524, 0.016880765557289124, 0.004253159277141094, 0.0028849891386926174, 0.010832611471414566, 0.036382291465997696, 0.0111094294115901, -0.00469879200682044, -0.0031494894064962864, -0.014635005965828896, 0.03909074142575264, -0.015607841312885284, -0.05423092842102051, 0.016126057133078575, -0.041315753012895584, 0.03307608515024185, 0.057089198380708694, 0.02084396965801716, -0.014355674386024475, -0.015085849910974503, -0.01099939364939928, -0.05868256837129593, -0.05710410326719284, -0.036749713122844696, 0.03212115168571472, -0.01567956432700157, -0.05227460339665413, -0.006399046164005995, 0.03435826674103737, -0.01655244641005993, -0.008183603174984455, -0.014966733753681183, 0.014686524868011475, 0.0449492409825325, -0.030233237892389297, -0.011311132460832596, 0.0038476656191051006, 0.010449785739183426, -0.03390589356422424, -0.029102610424160957, 0.00483768479898572, -0.0657205879688263, -0.06291314214468002, -0.019002795219421387, 0.025119977071881294, 0.0023752166889607906, -0.017256755381822586, 0.026544755324721336, -0.027055978775024414, -0.03279461711645126, 0.0017870598239824176, 0.029474960640072823, -0.004612023010849953, 0.015017947182059288, 0.014952538534998894, -0.012190545909106731, 0.0023779072798788548, -0.035331159830093384, -0.01076898816972971, -0.0012944031041115522, 0.03698769584298134, -0.02229692041873932, 0.010040003806352615, 0.02262694388628006, -0.0005994385574012995, 0.021885983645915985, -0.004023129120469093, 0.02044702135026455, 0.038437288254499435, -0.021299904212355614, -0.02437981590628624, -0.03573551028966904, -0.005552799440920353, -0.036959029734134674, 0.0008484921418130398, -0.03338536620140076, 0.0725298747420311, -0.02698090858757496, -0.006104487460106611, -0.012963916175067425, 0.014855948276817799, 0.021330786868929863, 0.030898358672857285, 0.020983360707759857, -0.06960026174783707, -0.004092329181730747, -0.006137761753052473, 0.008707585744559765, -0.012316489592194557, -0.003862234763801098, -0.013019380159676075, -0.029807792976498604, 0.0138984564691782, -0.024022649973630905, -0.04933660477399826, 0.02939964458346367, -0.024627504870295525, 0.008967981673777103, -0.028834953904151917, 0.03421946242451668, -0.0364144891500473, -0.020682550966739655, 0.017865464091300964, -0.0101507268846035, -0.0009299880475737154, 0.020039714872837067, -0.02031281776726246, -0.02700658142566681, 0.03278150409460068, 0.009762239642441273, 0.02034321054816246, -0.015854904428124428, 0.0010885969968512654, 0.03076426312327385, 0.05237095430493355, -0.008780447766184807, -0.033810246735811234, 0.04933812841773033, -0.03503851965069771, -0.04108630493283272, 0.04436652734875679, 0.013852935284376144, 0.029746893793344498, 0.004693904425948858, 0.006741354241967201, -0.00268159294500947, 0.043516360223293304, -0.026013372465968132, -0.0013594740303233266, -0.029573580250144005, 0.003657781518995762, -0.0019480300834402442, -0.030216684564948082, 0.019119495525956154, -0.018404100090265274, -0.006501264404505491, 0.01601230725646019, 0.011557873338460922, 0.01644097827374935, -0.009587261825799942, -0.027562715113162994, -0.040087223052978516, 0.015643080696463585, 0.01626521348953247, -0.012877383269369602, 0.06141134351491928, 0.03679832071065903, -0.017671305686235428, 0.0013577458448708057, 0.013105085119605064, -0.004129248205572367, -0.05100879818201065, -0.03811553120613098, 0.012306085787713528, 0.04925265163183212, 0.01256889384239912, -0.06476084142923355, 0.00713493162766099, 0.04296840354800224, -0.04838404431939125, -0.0011561006540432572, 0.001783007406629622, -0.005535494536161423, -0.05292018502950668, 0.006420865189284086, -0.042581696063280106, 0.051075663417577744, 0.003700081491842866, 0.019606653600931168, 0.019767513498663902, 0.028683973476290703, 0.013278895057737827, -0.043859049677848816, -0.007676492910832167, -0.013831324875354767, 0.019608313217759132, -0.010426475666463375, 0.014760090038180351, -0.030840059742331505, -0.023917563259601593, 0.024542519822716713, -0.024735188111662865, 0.049073491245508194, 0.006141935009509325, 0.010318484157323837, -0.008763422258198261, 0.029300330206751823, 0.020121077075600624, 0.00534927798435092, 0.009142070077359676, -0.01928943209350109, -0.0399899035692215, 0.033242691308259964, -0.010153279639780521, -0.017385240644216537, 0.002272032666951418, 0.007666849531233311, -0.0091552734375, 0.010276881977915764, -0.020012982189655304, -0.055235739797353745, -0.014860670082271099, -0.0295491311699152, 0.0164691973477602, -0.034680429846048355, 0.028316613286733627, -0.061176132410764694, 0.006060203071683645, 0.05165833979845047, 0.04434641823172569, -0.03745931386947632, -0.010089593939483166, -0.001226890250109136, -0.03416890650987625, 0.024965869262814522, -0.0301706250756979, 0.019012289121747017, -0.047210678458213806, -0.03209119290113449, -0.015996575355529785, -0.0023861778900027275, -0.023353438824415207, -0.026215454563498497, -0.019234806299209595, 0.04479387402534485, -0.04639953374862671, 0.05272042006254196, -0.002137324772775173, -0.016217537224292755, 0.010774928145110607, -0.060793690383434296, 0.06334497034549713, 0.01630489155650139, -0.00816512294113636, -0.02489430084824562, 0.035663291811943054, -0.025119462981820107, 0.0008364139357581735, 0.03099956549704075, 0.012955788522958755, 0.01558526512235403, 0.010843662545084953, 0.019979313015937805, -0.011508658528327942, -0.0527159608900547, 0.033064767718315125, -0.025789223611354828, 0.006373847834765911, -0.02235182747244835, 0.018870677798986435, 0.01100663561373949, 0.02273930050432682, 0.014368981122970581, -0.005695725791156292, -0.030780890956521034, 0.016620740294456482, 0.020417887717485428, -0.009128420613706112, -0.011191532015800476, -0.015668991953134537, 0.05634715408086777, 0.02313043922185898, -0.01387395616620779, 0.0037092522252351046, 0.005663054995238781, -0.043995700776576996, 0.021306531503796577, -0.02614523656666279, -0.016567589715123177, 0.044531889259815216, -0.003921873867511749, -0.000587856920901686, -0.05229271203279495, 0.012499631382524967, 0.02080450765788555, -0.0463247150182724, 0.020846832543611526, 0.03430215269327164, 0.07353594154119492, 0.02040325105190277, -0.017019309103488922, 0.015931371599435806, 0.0026029255241155624, -0.026254937052726746, -0.00811779871582985, 0.020245231688022614, 0.04289381578564644, 0.038218628615140915, 0.009359096176922321, 0.012143186293542385, -0.01787053793668747, 0.0359906442463398, -0.003926449455320835, 0.027399908751249313, -0.04483961686491966, -0.004593282472342253, 0.035131096839904785, -0.03990539163351059, 0.015871647745370865, -0.009494389407336712, -0.0214651208370924, 0.06326208263635635, -0.06167269125580788, -0.002894339384511113, -0.04933337867259979, -0.007112337276339531, 0.0011281367624178529, -0.008361178450286388, 0.03166894242167473, 0.04923909157514572, 0.041798826307058334, 0.00803456548601389, 0.01881699450314045, 0.007633981294929981, 0.015328350476920605, 0.001968241762369871, 0.046081237494945526, -0.016340497881174088, -0.01990751177072525, -0.023241961374878883, -0.04279297590255737, -0.02380862645804882, -0.0353345163166523, 0.02141130156815052, 0.05107242986559868, 0.04549938067793846, -0.026359736919403076, -0.02847275324165821, 0.03433137759566307, 0.06669675558805466, -0.07169583439826965, -0.025649795308709145, -0.04864880070090294, 0.009063654579222202, 0.010600624606013298, -0.007482261396944523 ]
<p>I have set of time series for various days (same frequency and source). I need to choose a subset of it, and they together will forecast future values.</p> <p>Currently I am simply using X out of Y time series with lowest AICc values when fitted into an ARIMA model.</p> <p>I want to know which tests I could use to choose the subset. The subset used for forecasting could include time series that are most correlated, or have similar trends etc. Explanation using R code will be helpful.</p>
19,099
[ -0.012356181629002094, -0.03532721847295761, -0.0009693190804682672, 0.010862673632800579, 0.02067730762064457, 0.009881578385829926, 0.015743853524327278, -0.009909209795296192, 0.04155028611421585, -0.015215536579489708, 0.030558643862605095, 0.08654613047838211, 0.029620513319969177, 0.02083124779164791, 0.01304646022617817, 0.006135107949376106, -0.053807638585567474, 0.002928875619545579, -0.003642684780061245, -0.022101378068327904, -0.0043341973796486855, -0.014544336125254631, 0.02602897584438324, 0.030757831409573555, -0.06071804091334343, 0.04470275342464447, 0.015666011720895767, -0.0057107191532850266, 0.03469128906726837, 0.05261904373764992, -0.05373075604438782, -0.0667259618639946, -0.027918659150600433, 0.05778256431221962, 0.016741307452321053, -0.018737999722361565, 0.004457268863916397, -0.003148847259581089, -0.012658117339015007, 0.0196562260389328, -0.05844037979841232, -0.014568786136806011, 0.025211118161678314, 0.014645355753600597, -0.027957763522863388, 0.011877216398715973, 0.012560182251036167, -0.02357736974954605, 0.034393083304166794, -0.05605258047580719, 0.07762972265481949, -0.013183072209358215, 0.003080942202359438, 0.02072090655565262, -0.0034998587798327208, -0.015141533687710762, 0.024609507992863655, 0.07931540906429291, -0.017397765070199966, -0.045492466539144516, -0.0029989383183419704, -0.036643460392951965, 0.00644626235589385, -0.0232158862054348, -0.07341942936182022, 0.06298074871301651, -0.019787432625889778, -0.0046972548589110374, 0.008886904455721378, 0.0078051453456282616, 0.030727118253707886, 0.007734868675470352, -0.00033622171031311154, 0.0010876914020627737, 0.014800721779465675, -0.01706637814640999, 0.0031843739561736584, 0.023273885250091553, 0.05373772233724594, 0.015713030472397804, 0.025461744517087936, 0.04099965840578079, 0.0049635316245257854, 0.02432742901146412, 0.04384350776672363, 0.004683505278080702, 0.07738170027732849, -0.061415333300828934, -0.034496553242206573, 0.010366429574787617, -0.0020905162673443556, -0.01960914209485054, 0.058621250092983246, 0.027138279750943184, -0.037856895476579666, 0.01457505114376545, -0.01562363002449274, 0.03647296503186226, -0.0434681735932827, 0.004987281747162342, 0.016719361767172813, -0.028697220608592033, 0.012037155218422413, 0.06747575849294662, -0.023972162976861, 0.019336318597197533, -0.03438974544405937, -0.02316795289516449, 0.001730829244479537, -0.03076883777976036, -0.0010440120240673423, 0.01923021487891674, -0.02413615584373474, 0.013610316440463066, 0.016977012157440186, 0.01644531823694706, -0.008966377936303616, -0.061408210545778275, 0.006738131400197744, 0.06530445069074631, 0.058200422674417496, -0.012260887771844864, 0.019088421016931534, -0.039724089205265045, -0.021621806547045708, -0.011266524903476238, -0.019290665164589882, -0.02045103907585144, -0.020894451066851616, 0.07136406004428864, -0.014420774765312672, -0.044740211218595505, 0.013803895562887192, -0.027257613837718964, 0.05571434646844864, -0.005240602884441614, -0.07572951912879944, -0.009518464095890522, 0.04565849527716637, -0.04922273010015488, 0.007400841452181339, -0.03847445920109749, 0.02556360885500908, 0.020616648718714714, 0.05511868745088577, 0.02012467011809349, 0.0494147352874279, -0.00031133691663853824, 0.008940368890762329, 0.0021178596653044224, -0.03983277454972267, -0.008970774710178375, -0.0017432880122214556, -0.0322578139603138, 0.006919138599187136, -0.06242455914616585, 0.018015872687101364, 0.03208506852388382, -0.006648112554103136, 0.0024082025047391653, -0.004885235335677862, 0.015547378920018673, -0.03251969814300537, -0.01755548268556595, 0.03901974856853485, -0.0065446095541119576, 0.05300458148121834, 0.017307253554463387, -0.0017140336567535996, 0.007266828790307045, -0.02382233738899231, 0.017063213512301445, 0.0565592460334301, 0.05495657026767731, 0.027188042178750038, 0.002159368945285678, 0.029571814462542534, -0.012703596614301205, 0.01164308749139309, 0.011406666599214077, -0.0410621352493763, -0.01637890562415123, -0.02549738436937332, -0.016052620485424995, 0.044102028012275696, 0.05335881561040878, -0.0062668477185070515, -0.04086257889866829, 0.03813667595386505, -0.06699173897504807, -0.021183617413043976, 0.0018491515656933188, -0.03490754961967468, -0.032051216810941696, -0.04948847368359566, 0.003487978596240282, 0.015101760625839233, 0.07047519087791443, 0.0127534419298172, -0.03611341863870621, -0.03430411219596863, -0.04458562657237053, 0.02727346494793892, -0.02759838104248047, 0.02679336629807949, 0.01030254177749157, 0.03497261181473732, -0.06377317011356354, 0.0010716228280216455, -0.024882862344384193, -0.0530763603746891, 0.014080069027841091, -0.04248911142349243, 0.014786500483751297, 0.00658344617113471, -0.014511935412883759, 0.02190360426902771, 0.023183129727840424, -0.030285611748695374, 0.009993510320782661, -0.02924458496272564, 0.0436636358499527, 0.034018002450466156, 0.016284765675663948, 0.02533872053027153, -0.007173130754381418, 0.024403439834713936, 0.04121125862002373, -0.0591466948390007, 0.00025148747954517603, -0.06369131058454514, 0.011880697682499886, 0.025460099801421165, 0.02919776551425457, -0.017357677221298218, 0.038884881883859634, 0.06428010016679764, 0.011140983551740646, -0.006321808788925409, 0.0571572370827198, 0.035134728997945786, 0.03125432878732681, -0.014208873733878136, 0.026111053302884102, 0.029927456751465797, -0.02157304808497429, 0.02964511141180992, 0.018937425687909126, 0.03669188544154167, -0.001514740171842277, -0.028422091156244278, 0.049137044697999954, 0.008777293376624584, 0.04231056943535805, -0.034897372126579285, -0.04495760425925255, 0.02379094995558262, -0.052234016358852386, -0.017453892156481743, 0.02106013521552086, 0.016746999695897102, -0.020295951515436172, 0.04478105902671814, -0.016340846195816994, 0.019276967272162437, 0.015191944316029549, -0.044492412358522415, 0.002598897786810994, 0.03240358084440231, -0.0545206144452095, -0.01099366880953312, 0.0073080179281532764, -0.02512199990451336, -0.06860199570655823, 0.0026400021743029356, 0.07167456299066544, 0.0031002741307020187, 0.027371402829885483, -0.006426029838621616, -0.019551647827029228, -0.008684796281158924, -0.027773544192314148, -0.007456837687641382, 0.010503829456865788, -0.04075470566749573, -0.0014011418679729104, -0.028736136853694916, -0.025916626676917076, 0.035571202635765076, -0.024681640788912773, -0.01889941096305847, 0.03401722386479378, -0.011055216193199158, -0.05031004920601845, -0.028551943600177765, -0.025983212515711784, 0.026412228122353554, -0.03992263227701187, -0.0431968979537487, 0.026278823614120483, 0.026411306113004684, -0.05470578372478485, 0.016941022127866745, -0.0276343896985054, 0.005942478775978088, -0.018390851095318794, 0.010820159688591957, -0.0006812097853980958, -0.022724850103259087, 0.014953644946217537, 0.028203070163726807, 0.00487095769494772, 0.01863735169172287, -0.024035735055804253, -0.060860320925712585, 0.014695750549435616, 0.010512632317841053, 0.016674773767590523, 0.03101607784628868, -0.03198648616671562, 0.026676127687096596, 0.028711138293147087, -0.04909162595868111, -0.023943889886140823, 0.005946330260485411, -0.027909044176340103, -0.07815288752317429, 0.0461168996989727, 0.05148455128073692, 0.009752717800438404, 0.006230934057384729, 0.03529472276568413, 0.01021096482872963, 0.014753799885511398, 0.012904796749353409, -0.0023522530682384968, 0.021213218569755554, 0.01937716268002987, 0.011254873126745224, 0.009914031252264977, 0.01052848156541586, -0.05781405419111252, -0.012895185500383377, -0.025452347472310066, 0.03260587155818939, 0.0165562704205513, -0.022136975079774857, 0.01961675100028515, -0.009465677663683891, 0.0042293379083275795, -0.01728297583758831, 0.016937561333179474, 0.005524555686861277, -0.008003431372344494, -0.024302303791046143, 0.02795305848121643, -0.0003808299661614001, -0.012350612320005894, 0.03920024260878563, 0.06628898531198502, 0.02403406985104084, -0.035005562007427216, 0.007689332589507103, -0.03777332976460457, -0.01871602050960064, 0.04789717122912407, -0.04108508676290512, 0.0015128181548789144, 0.025439927354454994, 0.0056303986348211765, 0.014676102437078953, -0.005163360387086868, -0.034882936626672745, 0.01779925636947155, -0.09598080068826675, 0.007171567529439926, -0.037496041506528854, 0.07800086587667465, -0.004157101735472679, 0.02960216999053955, 0.06947234272956848, -0.016308439895510674, 0.013811107724905014, -0.013352539390325546, -0.034585483372211456, 0.07738158851861954, 0.01386282593011856, 0.0044772126711905, -0.004057563841342926, -0.010007519274950027, 0.014558549970388412, -0.02523525431752205, 0.02073853835463524, -0.0058488259091973305, 0.019584868103265762, -0.02146637998521328, 0.0054871197789907455, -0.01978413574397564, -0.0018274778267368674, -0.013878989033401012, 0.021945031359791756, 0.027073148638010025, -0.0017694772686809301, 0.06205161660909653, 0.020544257014989853, -0.005706502590328455, -0.019399084150791168, 0.011548947542905807, 0.02913559041917324, 0.005959109403192997, 0.036559510976076126, 0.02175159752368927, 0.012319634668529034, -0.04490398243069649, 0.007649958599358797, 0.0030359181109815836, 0.04093209281563759, 0.023016588762402534, -0.024135872721672058, -0.030044319108128548, -0.022314388304948807, -0.022078048437833786, 0.041820719838142395, 0.000022067300960770808, 0.05507928505539894, -0.02044360339641571, 0.07038472592830658, -0.009026758372783661, -0.04588225111365318, 0.01742672361433506, 0.05412016436457634, 0.0072146314196288586, 0.010720907710492611, 0.003930774051696062, -0.007379378657788038, -0.015338444150984287, 0.01435729581862688, 0.018623054027557373, 0.0008916122606024146, -0.012894232757389545, -0.00973696168512106, 0.035552944988012314, -0.004044809378683567, -0.014737353660166264, 0.020672233775258064, 0.025131115689873695, 0.07256718724966049, 0.011385713703930378, -0.06506869941949844, 0.01028396561741829, 0.05044444277882576, 0.016889898106455803, 0.05968189984560013, -0.0014206859050318599, -0.07886997610330582, 0.030374078080058098, 0.07943905144929886, 0.030537640675902367, 0.011860200203955173, -0.023490192368626595, -0.04951748251914978, -0.013445536606013775, 0.019875433295965195, -0.0300703514367342, 0.028139550238847733, -0.0065856981091201305, 0.00873109232634306, -0.023763716220855713, -0.04936080425977707, -0.023871304467320442, -0.003140101209282875, -0.009509637020528316, 0.02999843843281269, -0.04206880182027817, -0.04098094627261162, -0.04477726295590401, 0.0018508791690692306, 0.016629865393042564, 0.03870309144258499, -0.009014187380671501, 0.0025125122629106045, 0.01965349353849888, 0.015711942687630653, 0.019490748643875122, -0.01891256496310234, 0.013527238741517067, 0.00843745656311512, -0.02488420344889164, 0.06411304324865341, -0.013602263294160366, -0.011958352290093899, 0.007559995166957378, 0.012688277289271355, 0.005120870657265186, 0.009510871954262257, -0.025529494509100914, 0.026336217299103737, 0.023022331297397614, 0.014446062035858631, 0.04100532457232475, 0.02877778373658657, -0.009881740435957909, 0.005345218814909458, 0.0010628976160660386, -0.0019741738215088844, -0.01933509297668934, -0.0022146094124764204, -0.02571811154484749, -0.05717811360955238, -0.03188944235444069, 0.0157034769654274, -0.04119859263300896, 0.03261702135205269, -0.005258672405034304, 0.0012095881393179297, -0.01785428076982498, 0.02657339721918106, -0.008828200399875641, -0.032850947231054306, -0.012888186611235142, 0.023959921672940254, -0.03284124284982681, 0.022980518639087677, 0.02556166611611843, -0.040040258318185806, 0.006790319923311472, 0.019756078720092773, -0.04879187420010567, 0.02210642397403717, -0.0425599105656147, 0.0015298313228413463, 0.019944600760936737, -0.0018463718006387353, 0.028874395415186882, -0.0023003341630101204, 0.03170738369226456, 0.028989246115088463, -0.0034442672040313482, -0.008493914268910885, 0.0512227825820446, 0.007197946775704622, 0.06696242094039917, -0.0061414665542542934, 0.05467294529080391, -0.03560800850391388, -0.006959191523492336, -0.057818297296762466, -0.04606815055012703, 0.008596405386924744, 0.029814094305038452, -0.05156305059790611, -0.0365275964140892, 0.014317267574369907, -0.06617805361747742, 0.008013768121600151, -0.02628173679113388, 0.026718830689787865, -0.021164625883102417, -0.0297695342451334, 0.013300067745149136, 0.016960641369223595, 0.09636558592319489, 0.005207037553191185, -0.00931734498590231, 0.0564161092042923, -0.007930142804980278, -0.01615329645574093, 0.008530894294381142, -0.014230215921998024, -0.030409006401896477, 0.03411375358700752, -0.03315921500325203, 0.00338986748829484, 0.04456440731883049, -0.024440359324216843, -0.0019457957241684198, 0.030754711478948593, -0.003584412159398198, -0.007187605369836092, -0.04737933352589607, 0.027187012135982513, -0.03254511207342148, -0.023209992796182632, -0.015538654290139675, 0.0004425083170644939, -0.021435828879475594, -0.04256471246480942, -0.0067207906395196915, -0.0019493220606818795, -0.06085524708032608, 0.03786972165107727, 0.06527581810951233, 0.03537560999393463, 0.00006892187229823321, -0.03883948549628258, -0.010375937446951866, 0.04507064074277878, 0.0025782331358641386, 0.011949973180890083, -0.004317595157772303, 0.046115536242723465, -0.013742039911448956, -0.0321183018386364, -0.005403037182986736, -0.010274792090058327, 0.03327229991555214, -0.019565261900424957, 0.07264979183673859, 0.06949770450592041, 0.019485078752040863, 0.010046929121017456, -0.05047169327735901, 0.01773306541144848, -0.02922721765935421, -0.023316893726587296, 0.01864384114742279, 0.0011921289842575788, -0.01551562175154686, 0.005404546856880188, -0.0222511887550354, 0.01103989128023386, 0.0302272941917181, 0.033964853733778, 0.02189873717725277, 0.0070790695026516914, -0.0250109676271677, -0.03821839392185211, -0.023109039291739464, -0.02820700779557228, 0.03669136017560959, -0.01596515253186226, -0.02368273213505745, 0.010643820278346539, 0.02280944585800171, -0.003599163144826889, -0.0268185343593359, -0.016522152349352837, -0.05213650315999985, -0.00009592073183739558, 0.04350755363702774, -0.027000388130545616, 0.02859412133693695, 0.07481203228235245, 0.055259887129068375, 0.003966153133660555, 0.040061045438051224, 0.009457823820412159, -0.053344711661338806, -0.02869272045791149, -0.013056841678917408, -0.024606803432106972, 0.04160793498158455, -0.008040389977395535, -0.03689571097493172, 0.008816276676952839, 0.0012854555388912559, -0.002011556876823306, -0.019919725134968758, 0.0421217642724514, -0.0020028359722346067, 0.06403250247240067, -0.013282891362905502, 0.009470129385590553, 0.010864955373108387, -0.0021461299620568752, 0.13329139351844788, 0.055357784032821655, -0.004131489899009466, -0.07089207321405411, 0.018926024436950684, 0.003398128319531679, -0.01545858196914196, -0.016179371625185013, -0.0036050474736839533, 0.0319543331861496, 0.01682562381029129, 0.06414490938186646, 0.05285815894603729, -0.03615033999085426, -0.005198008380830288, 0.07121141254901886, -0.03500699996948242, 0.0013912901049479842, 0.011634189635515213, 0.030729036778211594, 0.025744246318936348, -0.0012040436267852783, -0.08269307017326355, 0.02841964364051819, -0.005172189325094223, -0.04252151399850845, -0.006755029782652855, -0.04844487085938454, 0.02017289772629738, -0.006815196480602026, 0.028858963400125504, -0.0000043390432438172866, 0.03548894077539444, 0.014050187543034554, 0.02013447694480419, -0.025612246245145798, -0.008351145312190056, -0.06832315772771835, -0.007045346312224865, 0.0024312902241945267, 0.0331190824508667, -0.03706089034676552, -0.021280990913510323, 0.014325269497931004, -0.00890504289418459, 0.0005624516634270549, -0.05334951728582382, 0.023739133030176163, 0.011455233208835125, -0.03483864665031433, -0.011857878416776657, 0.023846911266446114, 0.003804011968895793, -0.04152271896600723, -0.025909433141350746, 0.0018104736227542162, 0.05798445641994476, -0.05357828363776207, -0.01598586142063141, -0.043498843908309937, 0.0018112672260031104, -0.0147616658359766, 0.06711732596158981, 0.03140733018517494, -0.03585657477378845, 0.007882179692387581, 0.002454655710607767, 0.045913081616163254, 0.003788688685745001, -0.004210357554256916, 0.00945865735411644, -0.013775202445685863, -0.030523058027029037, -0.011793266050517559, 0.05403461679816246, -0.03992443159222603, 0.03239268437027931, -0.01628725230693817, -0.018514057621359825, 0.005446628667414188, -0.02017710916697979, 0.003493289230391383, -0.040400028228759766, -0.01214061863720417, -0.02972494624555111, -0.016308294609189034, 0.028691677376627922, 0.0324355773627758, 0.06033619865775108, -0.0017216259147971869, -0.03587144985795021, 0.02281113900244236, 0.02988431788980961, -0.05838056281208992, -0.009587595239281654, -0.017973942682147026, -0.012680565938353539, 0.01210150308907032, 0.0036328642163425684, 0.08435296267271042, 0.007048850413411856, -0.055666498839855194, 0.011668496765196323, 0.025563275441527367, -0.018216565251350403, 0.012580099515616894, 0.016321465373039246, -0.058210887014865875, -0.023142017424106598, 0.00915489625185728, -0.01873982883989811, -0.062250830233097076, -0.01136071141809225, -0.022228822112083435, -0.000229154946282506, 0.04331108182668686, -0.015337226912379265, -0.019159644842147827, 0.044394075870513916, 0.009192999452352524, -0.008740833960473537, -0.03138027712702751, 0.024124113842844963, -0.050742872059345245, -0.051297035068273544, -0.03518666326999664, -0.05042405053973198, 0.009940232150256634, 0.009039870463311672, -0.05647696554660797, -0.02561170607805252, 0.08933033049106598, -0.009621880948543549, 0.006327218841761351, 0.009709566831588745, -0.004032550845295191, -0.03571977838873863, 0.03791506215929985, -0.0038665905594825745, 0.00349080516025424, 0.03151876479387283, -0.0551266111433506, -0.014544612728059292, -0.003141947090625763, -0.003405599156394601, 0.007696338463574648, -0.00032973254565149546, 0.009612524881958961, -0.027740387246012688, 0.02758185938000679, -0.017763152718544006, 0.003235363168641925, -0.004220505710691214, 0.06176578998565674, 0.03465263545513153, 0.008492178283631802, 0.007344164419919252, 0.005068161990493536, -0.0065877060405910015, 0.007161987014114857, 0.07080458104610443, 0.03327039256691933, -0.01696796528995037, -0.0015868853079155087, 0.0031645672861486673, 0.006675689481198788, 0.003357992274686694, -0.06096674129366875, 0.05930101498961449, 0.01074220985174179, -0.023786291480064392, 0.013289347290992737, -0.005755120422691107, -0.017232771962881088, -0.055972009897232056, -0.009792400524020195, 0.0074926516972482204, -0.0028201488312333822, 0.023024795576930046, -0.02854168601334095, -0.015819275751709938, 0.029180234298110008, -0.04422767460346222, 0.03779073432087898, 0.015495683997869492, 0.010385110974311829, 0.007411163300275803, -0.01349326316267252, -0.013363596051931381, 0.015673993155360222, 0.00977158173918724, 0.008110065944492817, 0.0496794655919075, 0.014260022900998592, 0.022297227755188942, -0.02046750858426094, 0.0071046194061636925, 0.011355776339769363, 0.012907455675303936, -0.03866817429661751, 0.02801528200507164, -0.04128124192357063, -0.03506229817867279, 0.026408061385154724, 0.0022849300876259804, 0.030780095607042313, 0.013018090277910233, 0.01653478667140007, -0.004998831544071436, 0.055831290781497955, 0.022029493004083633, -0.021230800077319145, 0.0168131273239851, 0.017214961349964142, 0.021663695573806763, 0.02530483901500702, 0.021332666277885437, -0.003258113283663988, -0.00500453170388937, -0.03148004412651062, -0.035870037972927094, 0.0009355521178804338, 0.006184738129377365, -0.010869651101529598, -0.0007256200769916177, -0.0139050567522645, 0.0006089743110351264, 0.0005500044208019972, -0.014822842553257942, -0.013055521994829178, -0.00484970398247242, 0.02486121468245983, 0.022469669580459595, -0.02381935529410839, 0.0011198400752618909, -0.022693609818816185, -0.05026732385158539, 0.012539255432784557, -0.009126003831624985, 0.004460380412638187, -0.030533000826835632, 0.004012051969766617, -0.007241751533001661, 0.02569793350994587, -0.06561018526554108, -0.007374216802418232, -0.012055727653205395, 0.03616493195295334, -0.024649305269122124, -0.011186022311449051, 0.029555732384324074, -0.04359438642859459, 0.02519073151051998, -0.04810349643230438, 0.05055159330368042, 0.0040444363839924335, -0.006497787777334452, -0.015403583645820618, -0.028931574895977974, -0.031484752893447876, 0.004855460952967405, 0.047345828264951706, 0.0030918193515390158, 0.036021362990140915, -0.0025102358777076006, 0.0028949554543942213, -0.0003089956007897854, -0.021545208990573883, 0.05448329821228981, -0.03077239915728569, -0.042232170701026917, -0.018006272614002228, -0.013292484916746616, 0.025514578446745872, -0.01127593033015728, -0.008108677342534065, -0.015370572917163372, 0.02165902964770794, 0.015462176874279976, -0.005723969079554081, 0.017344268038868904, -0.008894194848835468, -0.01171113085001707, 0.02657994255423546, -0.00822316575795412, -0.003117407439276576, 0.008920378051698208, -0.022584034129977226, -0.08529020845890045, 0.04139716550707817, -0.05010209232568741, -0.03470868244767189, 0.02998816967010498, 0.01931232213973999, -0.017934240400791168, -0.04469345510005951, -0.014644757844507694, 0.012636278755962849, -0.008117331191897392, 0.0100172758102417, 0.033450812101364136, -0.0004407245432958007, 0.04048575460910797, -0.04116737097501755, 0.043703462928533554, -0.005758804269134998, -0.0009144824580289423, -0.02108135260641575, 0.012011226266622543, 0.028111908584833145, 0.005480204708874226, -0.03578687459230423, 0.01814166270196438, -0.007405517157167196, 0.033553048968315125, -0.039074599742889404, 0.007569931913167238, -0.03028070740401745, 0.006731113884598017, 0.017960673198103905, -0.03869764879345894, 0.0219151321798563, -0.002758672460913658, -0.004949262831360102, 0.04057702049612999, -0.0916491150856018, -0.0020189713686704636, -0.03908554092049599, -0.03269817307591438, -0.013898009434342384, 0.042621757835149765, -0.018378283828496933, 0.0034372801892459393, -0.02366088517010212, 0.020991122350096703, 0.03704342246055603, -0.0036077070981264114, 0.008009631186723709, -0.03736855462193489, 0.03765709325671196, -0.018214236944913864, -0.011977970600128174, -0.03870704397559166, 0.010895191691815853, -0.049562662839889526, -0.01677950657904148, -0.0012676750775426626, 0.058512259274721146, 0.004437839612364769, -0.038319181650877, -0.04622851312160492, -0.017743486911058426, 0.027509905397892, -0.06220554560422897, 0.006884395610541105, -0.042553577572107315, 0.052724339067935944, -0.007946629077196121, -0.0048870206810534 ]
<p>I understand that at least one system for automatically modeling 3D objects from image data exists. Autodesk appears to have developed a good method. Does anyone know the basic structure and algorithms commonly used in such a system? </p> <p>My technique would include the use of a multilevel neural network (NN). The inputs would be the pixel colors from multiple images of the object at hand. The output would be 3D computer model data. Sets of images paired with the desired models would be the training data for a genetic algorithm (GA). The GA would wire the NN so that it maps relations between the training data images and the desired models as best as possible. </p> <p>Has this technique been implemented successfully in the past? </p> <p>Thank you. </p>
74,087
[ -0.02383776754140854, -0.0076444391161203384, 0.012222982943058014, -0.015565907582640648, -0.005024752579629421, -0.03098214603960514, -0.03955690935254097, -0.014655248261988163, 0.02473067305982113, -0.05104074254631996, 0.0023852866142988205, 0.04902039095759392, 0.06387416273355484, 0.058758582919836044, 0.005119930487126112, -0.022820081561803818, -0.013684380799531937, -0.028385963290929794, 0.001499482081271708, -0.03135181963443756, 0.01626821607351303, -0.008230045437812805, -0.011118749156594276, -0.024970078840851784, -0.000340290047461167, 0.0251358263194561, 0.024788448587059975, -0.01789253018796444, 0.04426209256052971, 0.04424412548542023, -0.0367148332297802, -0.03995388373732567, -0.03440258651971817, 0.06145583093166351, -0.017642296850681305, 0.01380255725234747, -0.02402886189520359, -0.03125065937638283, 0.007629886269569397, 0.02253120206296444, 0.013585139065980911, -0.011393959634006023, -0.013838326558470726, 0.03765823319554329, -0.006500834599137306, -0.005065858829766512, -0.04086848348379135, -0.02520626410841942, -0.0011727914679795504, -0.05518483743071556, 0.0835413709282875, 0.0029344602953642607, 0.02901018224656582, 0.02422889694571495, -0.011774849146604538, -0.0026272055692970753, 0.053657449781894684, 0.055809151381254196, -0.00420931214466691, -0.04595520347356796, 0.0039872522465884686, -0.00995943509042263, 0.011422120966017246, -0.04322559013962746, -0.03280475363135338, 0.018864935263991356, -0.00662984186783433, -0.02495892532169819, 0.03376508876681328, -0.038498345762491226, 0.007536607328802347, 0.01313052698969841, 0.050783671438694, -0.015061557292938232, -0.0219715628772974, -0.024949025362730026, 0.002586682327091694, 0.03875739499926567, 0.023945093154907227, -0.005967780016362667, -0.03932783380150795, 0.005749378819018602, -0.016962150111794472, -0.007852504029870033, -0.002927349880337715, -0.004044610541313887, 0.08496560901403427, -0.04326820373535156, 0.0018375765066593885, -0.017298761755228043, -0.02411610446870327, -0.03679729625582695, 0.05264115706086159, -0.018724780529737473, -0.0610472746193409, 0.03648844361305237, 0.047249507158994675, 0.030939633026719093, 0.035485073924064636, -0.03030601143836975, 0.024454936385154724, -0.002602827502414584, -0.040986910462379456, 0.04636015743017197, -0.009161962196230888, -0.007519206497818232, 0.0028092539869248867, 0.002988674445077777, 0.02729298360645771, 0.0004810585523955524, -0.022326545789837837, 0.02033970132470131, 0.0010125474072992802, 0.005132099147886038, 0.04477619752287865, 0.005679474677890539, 0.03236997500061989, -0.03839140385389328, 0.006208229809999466, 0.0825902447104454, -0.008402509614825249, -0.06678785383701324, 0.03324776515364647, -0.012738603167235851, -0.05059025436639786, 0.0010238888207823038, 0.01624450646340847, -0.03569595515727997, -0.040808625519275665, 0.0403517484664917, 0.012541982345283031, -0.03965788707137108, 0.029578156769275665, -0.02504986897110939, -0.0023331292904913425, -0.011243147775530815, -0.07123739272356033, -0.055393319576978683, -0.009954613633453846, -0.02135075256228447, 0.052143193781375885, -0.052127987146377563, -0.000724384153727442, 0.039506834000349045, 0.06604263186454773, -0.015001927502453327, 0.02287449687719345, 0.027834737673401833, 0.040440551936626434, -0.0499756895005703, -0.010845494456589222, -0.01614256389439106, 0.02310829795897007, 0.009644032455980778, -0.013574870303273201, -0.09386036545038223, 0.07982596009969711, 0.026580432429909706, -0.015011804178357124, -0.020955005660653114, 0.049048006534576416, 0.031783800572156906, -0.027256228029727936, 0.03162204474210739, 0.02105521783232689, -0.02559252828359604, 0.0464552566409111, -0.003930551465600729, 0.03699913248419762, 0.013346951454877853, -0.029472392052412033, 0.029135989025235176, 0.047064006328582764, 0.04409412667155266, 0.029633991420269012, 0.009507645852863789, -0.007665763609111309, 0.008129586465656757, 0.016283826902508736, 0.020806094631552696, -0.017164738848805428, -0.01660597324371338, 0.013259725645184517, 0.023989953100681305, 0.02766326256096363, 0.0221954807639122, -0.0036363257095217705, -0.05471983551979065, 0.048011377453804016, -0.061497773975133896, -0.010438296012580395, -0.06662982702255249, 0.029503123834729195, -0.002617930993437767, 0.006432487629354, 0.01643463410437107, -0.006454686634242535, -0.015597352758049965, 0.010817044414579868, -0.047396522015333176, -0.023438353091478348, -0.0017242106841877103, 0.039664290845394135, -0.005204805172979832, 0.008877378888428211, 0.06912785768508911, 0.01732926070690155, -0.02885286882519722, 0.02698243223130703, -0.035201817750930786, -0.02449004352092743, 0.0030657786410301924, -0.018107492476701736, -0.009091277606785297, -0.026227597147226334, -0.003208676353096962, 0.03053085133433342, -0.01852351985871792, -0.04236002638936043, 0.012545347213745117, -0.028293771669268608, 0.05460615083575249, 0.05703031271696091, -0.0037882619071751833, 0.0048362757079303265, 0.044667381793260574, 0.008378678932785988, 0.044031668454408646, 0.013834693469107151, -0.02392548881471157, -0.08939245343208313, -0.011247130110859871, 0.007476423401385546, 0.023888222873210907, -0.06324126571416855, 0.029252126812934875, 0.023071326315402985, 0.06432361155748367, 0.06449413299560547, 0.016332868486642838, -0.04047510772943497, 0.006883028894662857, 0.0027700834907591343, 0.014939768239855766, 0.022413933649659157, 0.05326179414987564, 0.0038195704109966755, 0.04521635174751282, -0.013915902934968472, -0.01088029146194458, -0.02404121123254299, 0.07708483934402466, 0.02540156990289688, -0.009052840992808342, 0.009679961949586868, -0.04558395594358444, 0.00926424004137516, -0.03380715474486351, -0.03784234821796417, 0.01584237813949585, 0.00855573546141386, -0.02187962271273136, 0.0005541173159144819, -0.012001985684037209, 0.04084416851401329, 0.06107718124985695, -0.013387145474553108, 0.019372133538126945, 0.03672778233885765, -0.02259458601474762, 0.04506038874387741, -0.040484048426151276, 0.009025609120726585, -0.08356520533561707, 0.02691529504954815, -0.002157131675630808, -0.0020263507030904293, 0.030459323897957802, -0.027637962251901627, -0.016113579273223877, -0.01909533329308033, -0.03491000086069107, 0.03512876108288765, 0.024515440687537193, -0.051251791417598724, -0.019589493051171303, -0.006584859918802977, -0.04079701006412506, 0.020944872871041298, 0.008527833968400955, -0.0026278409641236067, 0.015580969862639904, -0.007738330401480198, -0.037047673016786575, -0.01350403856486082, -0.03868410363793373, 0.026081332936882973, -0.013505689799785614, -0.0254672858864069, -0.000033855212677735835, 0.005414136685431004, -0.05489405244588852, 0.04526025801897049, -0.018071560189127922, -0.02271682396531105, -0.015963230282068253, 0.021907923743128777, -0.010992874391376972, -0.02171611413359642, 0.02456594631075859, 0.053733594715595245, -0.03444814682006836, 0.04129711166024208, -0.05384254828095436, -0.04991926997900009, 0.017115166410803795, -0.0012061927700415254, 0.01807541772723198, -0.0031300794798880816, 0.020250730216503143, 0.06562355905771255, 0.0006120257894508541, -0.050585269927978516, -0.05199754238128662, -0.0073637524619698524, 0.00838888343423605, -0.043693918734788895, 0.02245141752064228, 0.019098425284028053, -0.008817382156848907, 0.009780715219676495, -0.0235892441123724, -0.01833163946866989, 0.0588977113366127, -0.0028826631605625153, -0.0167954433709383, 0.01156643033027649, -0.007808073423802853, -0.01683725230395794, 0.020489457994699478, 0.015273859724402428, -0.04927263408899307, 0.032406024634838104, -0.020916158333420753, 0.013645806349813938, 0.023509178310632706, 0.0029614923987537622, -0.0005551154026761651, -0.03342550992965698, -0.03738454729318619, -0.010360777378082275, 0.009667527861893177, -0.022172531113028526, 0.004709700122475624, 0.015589261427521706, 0.05847522243857384, 0.05846232920885086, 0.009410671889781952, -0.01799735799431801, 0.03064463473856449, 0.011845876462757587, -0.04648355394601822, -0.009420315735042095, -0.019876526668667793, -0.019698888063430786, 0.01339032780379057, -0.019796080887317657, 0.02062147855758667, 0.009666671976447105, 0.013031869195401669, 0.05226263403892517, 0.07870601117610931, -0.030680304393172264, -0.0012734225019812584, -0.045740462839603424, 0.004917759448289871, -0.044458311051130295, 0.059957463294267654, -0.018601657822728157, 0.06611964851617813, 0.02435193583369255, -0.009404835291206837, 0.06103494018316269, 0.0004940532962791622, -0.08862152695655823, -0.005057849921286106, -0.002392914379015565, 0.005905956961214542, 0.0011585353640839458, -0.05193931609392166, 0.015613400377333164, -0.040913160890340805, -0.031302038580179214, 0.009521537460386753, 0.02928691729903221, -0.028142675757408142, -0.0033042875584214926, -0.03150952234864235, -0.02615531161427498, 0.01964821107685566, 0.030421078205108643, 0.006793587934225798, -0.024393917992711067, -0.04489560052752495, 0.03088289685547352, -0.03285851702094078, -0.012406330555677414, -0.02776641957461834, 0.009712803177535534, 0.007909267209470272, 0.020419389009475708, 0.012135686352849007, 0.03548954427242279, -0.040523797273635864, -0.0017361445352435112, -0.014402843080461025, 0.042107533663511276, 0.013550031930208206, 0.01751190982758999, -0.017339132726192474, -0.06468864530324936, -0.028652837499976158, 0.03962896019220352, 0.048265259712934494, -0.017265791073441505, -0.009184795431792736, 0.0318395271897316, 0.020842259749770164, -0.06322024762630463, -0.009728814475238323, 0.08455418050289154, -0.0018779991660267115, -0.04379615560173988, -0.03255697712302208, -0.01783479005098343, -0.005064364057034254, -0.014564181677997112, 0.05804307758808136, 0.023506775498390198, -0.04604518413543701, 0.01353602297604084, 0.040743470191955566, -0.04240405559539795, -0.027886290103197098, -0.03065810725092888, 0.015500856563448906, 0.04818420857191086, -0.0031740888953208923, 0.012639454565942287, -0.024444662034511566, 0.04619618132710457, 0.06067971512675285, 0.02416609786450863, -0.04188269004225731, -0.11906065046787262, -0.023718612268567085, 0.04698373004794121, -0.006578265689313412, -0.021326232701539993, -0.03158574178814888, -0.04933358356356621, -0.029773805290460587, 0.057343631982803345, 0.0005530588678084314, 0.005460454151034355, -0.015227592550218105, -0.04003625363111496, -0.03258805721998215, 0.022274263203144073, 0.01043308898806572, -0.00733099365606904, -0.020293669775128365, 0.03743358701467514, -0.017325207591056824, -0.002648213179782033, -0.014218112453818321, 0.015018573962152004, -0.0020978080574423075, 0.03147302195429802, -0.001510799047537148, -0.021783433854579926, 0.004210690036416054, 0.011962353251874447, -0.04323882237076759, -0.023794593289494514, 0.001706867478787899, 0.03516428545117378, -0.03055124171078205, 0.044000037014484406, -0.001670953701250255, 0.02129494771361351, 0.011043745093047619, -0.02275337651371956, -0.014429060742259026, -0.006571815349161625, -0.021754711866378784, 0.02825666405260563, 0.004400883335620165, 0.013753363862633705, 0.02528100274503231, 0.01155628077685833, -0.009603109210729599, 0.002697334159165621, -0.008619784377515316, 0.009214881807565689, 0.005695858038961887, -0.019539907574653625, -0.003132021287456155, -0.0036825609859079123, -0.019462017342448235, 0.02583443745970726, 0.026701297610998154, 0.05843013525009155, -0.025838324800133705, -0.022342165932059288, 0.005278266966342926, 0.016112428158521652, -0.012518479488790035, -0.014953281730413437, -0.0008941137930378318, 0.02410716749727726, 0.009221875108778477, -0.031348131597042084, 0.0020396579056978226, 0.02440633252263069, -0.01517681498080492, 0.0003004777536261827, -0.029291488230228424, 0.00431699538603425, -0.04964786767959595, -0.027520067989826202, 0.0014051615726202726, -0.0376490019261837, 0.03178557753562927, -0.0021037026308476925, 0.06147739291191101, 0.02950402908027172, -0.0714399442076683, -0.0012954820413142443, -0.006029628682881594, -0.013566005043685436, 0.017270691692829132, -0.002562986919656396, 0.03832007199525833, -0.0019238995155319571, 0.03140408173203468, -0.025495199486613274, -0.048181742429733276, 0.03081917203962803, 0.006967522669583559, -0.00853740144520998, -0.04046020284295082, 0.04632338136434555, -0.009828107431530952, 0.011547447182238102, 0.010000748559832573, 0.0757579579949379, -0.014422835782170296, -0.003954614978283644, 0.05044742301106453, 0.007130980025976896, 0.025882191956043243, -0.008587335236370564, 0.0021399359684437513, -0.01934002712368965, 0.004880687687546015, 0.0061963931657373905, 0.010874641127884388, 0.008280872367322445, -0.029375754296779633, 0.023893635720014572, -0.006049852352589369, 0.04591856896877289, 0.04681605100631714, -0.0028124277014285326, 0.04287043213844299, 0.030678099021315575, 0.029041390866041183, -0.04615173488855362, -0.0191863514482975, 0.026440825313329697, -0.020769799128174782, -0.014496102929115295, -0.04966585338115692, 0.007775953505188227, -0.012692775577306747, -0.009876694530248642, 0.05827673524618149, -0.00043485467904247344, 0.035247452557086945, 0.031178632751107216, 0.03334655240178108, -0.009785640053451061, -0.009806872345507145, 0.005663695279508829, -0.03410707786679268, 0.03409045562148094, -0.005389678291976452, 0.020713577046990395, -0.0042999181896448135, 0.056025777012109756, 0.003029200015589595, -0.0191385205835104, -0.019098490476608276, -0.009287341497838497, 0.07174646109342575, -0.055785246193408966, 0.05387622490525246, 0.006635244004428387, 0.023359617218375206, 0.0023767321836203337, -0.022998938336968422, -0.006493361201137304, 0.025907734408974648, 0.013816813938319683, 0.06490523368120193, -0.0017398998606950045, -0.0013904510997235775, -0.011930214241147041, 0.004120862577110529, -0.020995883271098137, 0.03488432615995407, -0.015429504215717316, 0.02096651680767536, -0.017286116257309914, -0.061510708183050156, -0.0383450947701931, 0.05683515965938568, -0.03803896903991699, 0.027318671345710754, 0.011779255233705044, -0.022493276745080948, 0.058701369911432266, 0.006172816734761, 0.003091244027018547, -0.0280331838876009, -0.04849989339709282, -0.028986822813749313, 0.03278474509716034, 0.012523858807981014, 0.01735774800181389, -0.009598377160727978, 0.028120990842580795, 0.011559118516743183, -0.006175052374601364, 0.0074067674577236176, -0.006191867403686047, -0.07861526310443878, 0.019985686987638474, -0.013089810498058796, -0.033149778842926025, 0.03779856488108635, 0.03261461853981018, -0.01077345758676529, -0.00575301656499505, -0.007638668641448021, -0.0016313389642164111, -0.008703657425940037, 0.054818589240312576, -0.02878643199801445, 0.05106936767697334, -0.011617564596235752, 0.01912917010486126, 0.0012309461599215865, 0.04233180731534958, 0.08584077656269073, 0.08382865786552429, 0.01763148047029972, -0.06227310374379158, 0.039167847484350204, -0.028000136837363243, -0.07310427725315094, -0.01177908480167389, 0.03176703304052353, 0.01462450623512268, -0.02675432525575161, -0.01054414827376604, 0.04365105181932449, 0.005301664117723703, 0.01961679942905903, 0.04124891757965088, -0.015559729188680649, -0.02978755347430706, 0.008369055576622486, -0.023542778566479683, -0.01038439478725195, 0.026663947850465775, -0.04923131689429283, 0.037085629999637604, -0.010929152369499207, -0.014264050871133804, 0.01721678301692009, -0.04841741919517517, 0.05069974437355995, 0.00009997619781643152, -0.023107046261429787, 0.017678938806056976, -0.022168336436152458, -0.0011872872710227966, -0.011546575464308262, 0.014760700054466724, -0.014854739420115948, 0.0028300073463469744, 0.020417697727680206, 0.02610085718333721, 0.04411044344305992, -0.000780419388320297, -0.053637780249118805, -0.012737288139760494, -0.029037706553936005, 0.0014191406080499291, -0.05958146974444389, 0.005902949254959822, -0.014252052642405033, -0.01810285449028015, -0.030791480094194412, 0.00196249526925385, 0.012127125635743141, -0.04420999810099602, -0.00847565196454525, 0.018258243799209595, 0.05076280236244202, 0.003794427029788494, -0.008818556554615498, 0.010764408856630325, 0.027251748368144035, -0.01620066910982132, 0.017702616751194, -0.0022788543719798326, -0.011889745481312275, -0.014557238668203354, -0.043563611805438995, 0.07277896255254745, -0.0057035181671381, -0.019460927695035934, -0.0042277309112250805, -0.006444145925343037, 0.012130106799304485, -0.04417413845658302, 0.017943594604730606, 0.01790248416364193, -0.004695941228419542, 0.0036808785516768694, -0.031899478286504745, -0.004474105779081583, -0.05040556192398071, -0.01625780388712883, -0.03761369735002518, 0.004330478608608246, -0.03955774009227753, -0.019848015159368515, 0.08271119743585587, 0.010266208089888096, 0.024953098967671394, 0.017180411145091057, -0.03871160000562668, -0.022450264543294907, 0.007780585903674364, -0.06194324418902397, -0.011098433285951614, 0.006452589295804501, -0.050653859972953796, 0.04184244945645332, -0.04722636938095093, 0.018417945131659508, 0.010891602374613285, 0.04311445355415344, 0.013045200146734715, 0.050140246748924255, -0.023792410269379616, 0.02319195866584778, 0.014707759954035282, -0.0384180061519146, 0.0052519128657877445, -0.03297414258122444, 0.009622995741665363, -0.046899426728487015, 0.01096410397440195, -0.0049760485999286175, -0.03152306750416756, -0.009329312480986118, 0.02011944353580475, -0.018595337867736816, -0.0035133936908096075, -0.032926999032497406, 0.021450407803058624, -0.0298296008259058, -0.00587926059961319, -0.017792101949453354, 0.03657551854848862, -0.012833542190492153, 0.002434299560263753, -0.020092571154236794, -0.001024508965201676, -0.006850580219179392, -0.022039242088794708, 0.031438689678907394, -0.0031006447970867157, -0.0007414923165924847, 0.010395434685051441, -0.02452882193028927, 0.009735994972288609, 0.06633493304252625, 0.008131727576255798, 0.0016314390813931823, 0.012664010748267174, -0.020605044439435005, -0.020735520869493484, -0.015554149635136127, -0.0336039662361145, 0.033220868557691574, 0.012631850317120552, -0.03678356111049652, -0.008131583221256733, 0.04014529660344124, -0.021529527381062508, -0.008643949404358864, -0.020415324717760086, 0.020497875288128853, 0.02263488806784153, -0.010171307250857353, 0.030675895512104034, -0.03372342139482498, -0.03456242382526398, 0.02810128591954708, 0.002800596645101905, 0.024529358372092247, -0.025886863470077515, 0.03581291437149048, -0.02557484433054924, -0.002139152493327856, 0.023855138570070267, 0.022329796105623245, 0.062095917761325836, 0.017171334475278854, -0.014670319855213165, 0.048502855002880096, 0.04444059357047081, 0.0017783635994419456, -0.05939672142267227, -0.0441381074488163, 0.02002914808690548, -0.0027726218104362488, 0.0454813651740551, -0.08026444166898727, 0.014267471618950367, 0.028599580749869347, -0.08769189566373825, 0.029974553734064102, 0.02033957652747631, -0.010188054293394089, -0.00901798065751791, 0.01413053646683693, -0.0028752193320542574, -0.030969493091106415, -0.01623232662677765, 0.03406308591365814, 0.00036149084917269647, 0.0008049733005464077, -0.013679563999176025, 0.015138989314436913, -0.014517516829073429, 0.0021037361584603786, 0.038567569106817245, -0.04116359353065491, 0.02497800998389721, -0.036837246268987656, -0.008078809827566147, 0.003020848846063018, 0.0027549818623811007, 0.04368984326720238, 0.0208148080855608, -0.008932627737522125, 0.005547150503844023, -0.011006399989128113, 0.026837294921278954, 0.01848316378891468, -0.012607951648533344, 0.013363239355385303, 0.05028700456023216, 0.03725619986653328, -0.014681225642561913, 0.022960711270570755, -0.022142542526125908, 0.010336017236113548, -0.0004477195325307548, 0.034257739782333374, -0.008805801160633564, -0.016901351511478424, 0.012697997502982616, -0.004020619206130505, 0.014947827905416489, -0.034788940101861954, -0.0029702037572860718, -0.021703273057937622, 0.020768502727150917, 0.019894879311323166, 0.027448726817965508, -0.005355663597583771, 0.01293078064918518, -0.019249413162469864, -0.02999701350927353, -0.0019307760521769524, -0.030191048979759216, -0.004756815731525421, -0.03043857403099537, 0.03148104250431061, 0.062482159584760666, -0.012166867963969707, 0.011337912641465664, -0.04774914309382439, 0.0008636742713861167, 0.042435597628355026, -0.012970048002898693, 0.03242461755871773, 0.01928226836025715, -0.053606100380420685, 0.00014790873683523387, -0.05330805853009224, 0.050161268562078476, -0.016565578058362007, -0.043905336409807205, -0.04456643387675285, 0.02130189538002014, 0.01797250099480152, 0.014086127281188965, 0.03898843750357628, -0.04937782138586044, -0.009594564326107502, -0.008182178251445293, 0.044281113892793655, 0.021375175565481186, -0.013914419338107109, -0.003664405317977071, 0.001256680814549327, -0.05238298326730728, -0.017518892884254456, -0.010223793797194958, -0.0005732086137868464, 0.03216768056154251, 0.047140609472990036, 0.01295380387455225, 0.02374236471951008, -0.004664037376642227, -0.005305848550051451, -0.0015138688031584024, 0.011287664994597435, -0.020197836682200432, 0.06434785574674606, -0.04036060720682144, -0.03446734696626663, 0.03358495607972145, 0.018520912155508995, -0.028711309656500816, -0.027536751702427864, -0.04936720058321953, 0.011214039288461208, -0.01805035024881363, 0.00413120910525322, 0.04053579270839691, -0.07731154561042786, 0.013165195472538471, 0.007374526932835579, -0.028721196576952934, 0.014162625186145306, 0.07732322067022324, 0.01585949957370758, 0.001226664986461401, -0.03715375438332558, 0.013876696117222309, 0.025496521964669228, 0.01901991292834282, 0.0073085627518594265, 0.01643833890557289, 0.0074102808721363544, -0.02694554440677166, 0.009687612764537334, 0.04692491888999939, 0.02579643949866295, 0.03869417682290077, -0.0055887396447360516, 0.03417032212018967, -0.00907091237604618, -0.012243346311151981, 0.026848554611206055, 0.004712469410151243, 0.014195295982062817, 0.010205039754509926, -0.05793234333395958, 0.11040113121271133, -0.023415574803948402, -0.023909952491521835, -0.014476613141596317, 0.040858879685401917, -0.003939454909414053, 0.011124003678560257, -0.005537496879696846, 0.06389667093753815, 0.02020874246954918, 0.04836543649435043, 0.0023915658239275217, 0.015953676775097847, 0.025841986760497093, -0.01164225023239851, 0.0426035039126873, -0.036804959177970886, 0.0037383108865469694, 0.012638302519917488, 0.001532142050564289, -0.0631638914346695, -0.028709813952445984, 0.021889740601181984, 0.021278200671076775, 0.01278888899832964, -0.008527460508048534, 0.016911711543798447, -0.039719074964523315, 0.029340364038944244, -0.107721246778965, -0.021438568830490112, 0.009570962749421597, -0.0036638996098190546, -0.01843692734837532, 0.0012935010017827153 ]
<p>I'm looking for an R package (or a combination of packages) that would allow me to perform MCMC estimation of a GMM model, with a user-specified moments function.</p> <p>I've looked at the CRAN Bayesian task-view, but I can't seem to find what I'm looking for, packages being either too general (eg. mcmc) or too specific (MCMCpack)... Ideally I would like to be able to implement <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3286612/" rel="nofollow">Stochastic GMM</a> or to use package <a href="http://www.r-inla.org/home" rel="nofollow">R-INLA</a> to do iterative nested Laplace approximation, again with a user-specified moments function.</p> <p>Any help greatly appreciated!</p>
74,088
[ -0.046988245099782944, 0.008742136880755424, 0.03030741959810257, -0.02009044587612152, 0.03884875774383545, -0.0052679115906357765, -0.04506586119532585, -0.04863651096820831, 0.031814441084861755, -0.04421604424715042, 0.009049561806023121, 0.060686443001031876, 0.0711280107498169, 0.015277388505637646, 0.003826939035207033, -0.01747039705514908, 0.0015864528249949217, 0.0008578115957789123, -0.034093692898750305, -0.02999185211956501, -0.02452157437801361, 0.006822251249104738, 0.03449558466672897, -0.021437522023916245, -0.0415579229593277, 0.0237201526761055, 0.03113926388323307, -0.0309748537838459, -0.01375272125005722, 0.0758557841181755, -0.07446363568305969, 0.00178934121504426, -0.002997585339471698, 0.02846696972846985, 0.007131414022296667, -0.0031963714864104986, -0.06846704334020615, -0.014264607802033424, -0.008367209695279598, 0.03786512464284897, -0.02096855826675892, 0.01950451172888279, 0.015097416006028652, 0.007162697147578001, -0.0027617851737886667, 0.020710615441203117, -0.03234422579407692, 0.012036534957587719, 0.04088481888175011, -0.03258642554283142, 0.06318151950836182, -0.00023331462580244988, 0.026260316371917725, 0.0304632056504488, -0.03415556252002716, -0.005687190219759941, 0.054046109318733215, 0.09770487248897552, 0.048738010227680206, -0.06997548043727875, 0.018829740583896637, -0.010738648474216461, 0.03866356611251831, -0.035268716514110565, -0.004639786668121815, 0.06076386570930481, -0.00560167757794261, -0.012011736631393433, 0.03447488322854042, -0.013400766998529434, 0.01641167514026165, -0.004430624656379223, 0.033630941063165665, -0.014211888425052166, 0.01650938205420971, -0.02382676862180233, -0.00978386215865612, 0.03383263200521469, 0.015102573670446873, -0.00137892656493932, 0.0046312520280480385, -0.022190803661942482, 0.02474706806242466, -0.007491440046578646, 0.014014803804457188, -0.01771976798772812, 0.0856340155005455, -0.024627214297652245, 0.022555407136678696, 0.0012131871189922094, -0.03239961341023445, 0.018175318837165833, 0.05546029284596443, 0.0015570868272334337, -0.04438493028283119, 0.03571176901459694, 0.016520928591489792, 0.007116995751857758, -0.02438146062195301, -0.01042236853390932, 0.0002022119442699477, -0.023557409644126892, 0.003466028720140457, 0.06781656295061111, -0.007983451709151268, -0.021007776260375977, -0.011847121641039848, -0.045191287994384766, -0.029229486361145973, -0.003588048042729497, -0.034067824482917786, 0.03235675022006035, 0.02119513973593712, -0.04316683113574982, -0.011972174979746342, -0.019312025979161263, -0.002367479959502816, -0.019178131595253944, 0.01614643819630146, 0.12051311135292053, 0.013845636509358883, -0.03145221248269081, 0.00760537339374423, -0.06955670565366745, -0.08148793131113052, 0.006459264550358057, 0.021160397678613663, -0.031126800924539566, -0.024260232225060463, 0.0412629134953022, 0.011313118040561676, -0.013783074915409088, 0.0473187081515789, -0.011012331582605839, 0.03135792538523674, -0.057023659348487854, -0.06311869621276855, -0.06800354272127151, 0.03704624995589256, -0.02426103502511978, -0.0055920700542628765, -0.0355507954955101, -0.004092743154615164, -0.006342366337776184, 0.032087717205286026, 0.025984423235058784, 0.045050013810396194, 0.014121706597507, 0.09964500367641449, -0.04251525178551674, -0.046127691864967346, -0.000736488145776093, -0.023007944226264954, 0.021677952259778976, -0.0086411377415061, -0.11529809236526489, 0.038197360932826996, 0.0359216146171093, -0.0015587881207466125, 0.029191868379712105, 0.057399932295084, -0.0032127692829817533, 0.006915467791259289, -0.06190038099884987, 0.02867189049720764, -0.02383141592144966, 0.06470837444067001, 0.019305849447846413, 0.026736216619610786, 0.028350308537483215, -0.0051666079089045525, -0.006422623060643673, 0.006320094224065542, 0.033527012914419174, 0.030961429700255394, -0.06039346754550934, 0.037353675812482834, 0.026120761409401894, 0.0005817709024995565, 0.04612595960497856, -0.015712924301624298, 0.032891757786273956, 0.006119499448686838, -0.06074739247560501, 0.02559143304824829, 0.013160708360373974, 0.0012791514163836837, -0.025319159030914307, 0.039552293717861176, -0.052249595522880554, -0.0458819679915905, -0.04311615973711014, -0.010784013196825981, -0.04296139255166054, -0.017784032970666885, 0.03147915378212929, -0.012205040082335472, 0.03151322528719902, -0.0033308621495962143, -0.04495113343000412, -0.010972694493830204, -0.009947476908564568, 0.027303306385874748, 0.011375484988093376, 0.0015484339091926813, 0.039025261998176575, 0.050105538219213486, -0.03182785585522652, 0.03732728585600853, -0.008815805427730083, -0.04926906153559685, 0.0042673624120652676, -0.049870409071445465, 0.02043856866657734, -0.011316864751279354, -0.01767970807850361, 0.014551700092852116, -0.011164143681526184, 0.002521800808608532, 0.03323504328727722, -0.0249380674213171, 0.04341302067041397, 0.0885033831000328, 0.0001137208819272928, 0.005170908756554127, 0.009263010695576668, 0.028230449184775352, 0.02242846041917801, -0.034580230712890625, 0.0037420063745230436, -0.05448814108967781, -0.031084148213267326, 0.06123112887144089, 0.015866469591856003, -0.01897258684039116, -0.005826730281114578, 0.059525471180677414, 0.00885282177478075, 0.037436410784721375, 0.003945410717278719, -0.037890929728746414, -0.024311164394021034, 0.015218893997371197, 0.017417436465620995, -0.006190220359712839, -0.001970037817955017, 0.031304605305194855, -0.0007799916202202439, 0.04777904972434044, -0.008259178139269352, -0.006479933392256498, 0.014541830867528915, -0.009573816321790218, 0.004305041395127773, -0.030705321580171585, -0.009764074347913265, 0.07479291409254074, -0.004190836567431688, 0.012601720169186592, 0.03301157057285309, 0.010462220758199692, -0.012297085486352444, 0.005989581346511841, -0.04829832538962364, 0.006249952130019665, 0.012798498384654522, -0.018099628388881683, -0.029235903173685074, -0.003057982539758086, -0.05331500992178917, 0.012207182124257088, -0.0029762613121420145, -0.005458102561533451, -0.030283937230706215, 0.05026688799262047, 0.00978183839470148, 0.005773872137069702, -0.0016414056299254298, -0.028940437361598015, -0.023558171465992928, 0.03642954304814339, 0.03288952633738518, 0.0059806727804243565, -0.0038696741685271263, -0.042300883680582047, 0.03572460263967514, 0.011327897198498249, 0.0011668929364532232, 0.03077385015785694, 0.0015675697941333055, -0.02526850998401642, 0.019791435450315475, 0.0348992720246315, -0.02483413554728031, -0.020152969285845757, -0.008797130547463894, 0.029107794165611267, -0.018427567556500435, -0.013458720408380032, 0.04900027811527252, -0.00033165307831950486, -0.016838667914271355, 0.013494185172021389, -0.040711600333452225, -0.02732466720044613, -0.027262452989816666, -0.007902516052126884, 0.011832277290523052, 0.007759616244584322, 0.0011267380323261023, 0.0005436924984678626, -0.030865192413330078, -0.0382072888314724, -0.06552290916442871, -0.05078231170773506, 0.02729194425046444, 0.024350063875317574, 0.004542847163975239, 0.034051667898893356, -0.020109647884964943, 0.05707130953669548, 0.031711746007204056, -0.04332659766077995, -0.03324481099843979, -0.020255329087376595, -0.016683559864759445, -0.0031094253063201904, 0.013816207647323608, -0.021655336022377014, 0.008249604143202305, 0.006206521298736334, -0.018021199852228165, 0.02828145958483219, 0.020403677597641945, 0.013474889099597931, 0.03198052942752838, 0.04893592372536659, -0.014780677855014801, 0.03809060901403427, 0.03241929039359093, -0.011556939221918583, 0.026460764929652214, 0.019215993583202362, -0.03519978001713753, -0.009745602495968342, -0.02690730057656765, -0.05056682974100113, -0.017116716131567955, 0.005626770667731762, -0.003384221578016877, -0.06407523900270462, 0.024940235540270805, -0.0069352625869214535, -0.010663614608347416, 0.029522987082600594, -0.006671390496194363, 0.02626800164580345, 0.005620477255433798, 0.03513578325510025, 0.04180685430765152, 0.025248568505048752, -0.006309050600975752, -0.002278212457895279, -0.0028941358905285597, -0.006857745349407196, 0.013827977702021599, -0.04389059171080589, -0.0018286097329109907, 0.011044534854590893, 0.03790360316634178, 0.01605951227247715, -0.010915997438132763, -0.030502870678901672, 0.010174043476581573, -0.07332150638103485, 0.022959254682064056, -0.04551975056529045, 0.0423005186021328, 0.024420129135251045, 0.029804183170199394, 0.009587532840669155, -0.00451342947781086, 0.005597895476967096, -0.0011076775845140219, -0.09619560837745667, 0.06690943986177444, 0.015403102152049541, -0.0005855400231666863, -0.008998273871839046, -0.026252690702676773, 0.013419481925666332, -0.004433390684425831, 0.013335746712982655, 0.014601942151784897, 0.011217220686376095, -0.02701358124613762, 0.04095391929149628, -0.03369132801890373, -0.020470568910241127, -0.015196911990642548, 0.009887195192277431, 0.03674187883734703, -0.005388141144067049, -0.003793856827542186, 0.04100697115063667, -0.030369840562343597, -0.019911572337150574, -0.029031001031398773, 0.01476491428911686, 0.02539025992155075, 0.016286324709653854, 0.017719198018312454, 0.028543081134557724, -0.025382401421666145, 0.021091487258672714, 0.02905092015862465, 0.010934022255241871, 0.04375217482447624, -0.03740186616778374, -0.026796139776706696, -0.03434360772371292, -0.016568085178732872, 0.04410276934504509, -0.035163551568984985, -0.00401108805090189, 0.014443273656070232, 0.04773927107453346, 0.0222017802298069, -0.02633610926568508, 0.02543138898909092, 0.0660557895898819, 0.022578544914722443, -0.006058880593627691, -0.03060099110007286, -0.032668545842170715, -0.039669059216976166, -0.00018648731929715723, 0.0620541051030159, 0.028288399800658226, 0.016944868490099907, 0.020175360143184662, -0.0063311196863651276, -0.03138361871242523, -0.007552811410278082, -0.023905711248517036, 0.01513243280351162, 0.039020560681819916, 0.019413718953728676, -0.007752513978630304, 0.0013838396407663822, 0.003683684626594186, 0.06273746490478516, 0.005950903985649347, 0.0075469552539289, -0.0716790109872818, -0.0018956342246383429, 0.04309908673167229, 0.03893055394291878, -0.0221440140157938, 0.01999574527144432, -0.04499763250350952, -0.04263245314359665, 0.00535018602386117, -0.044273730367422104, 0.0019631010945886374, 0.003188607282936573, -0.0011468087323009968, 0.028561081737279892, -0.06947597861289978, -0.05413089320063591, -0.022744279354810715, -0.03546488657593727, 0.004122139420360327, -0.020919224247336388, -0.008284205570816994, -0.02450534887611866, 0.006828019395470619, -0.00235009309835732, 0.06280101090669632, -0.0027678736951202154, -0.012896755710244179, 0.02927987277507782, -0.022789645940065384, -0.027795152738690376, -0.04720761999487877, 0.01273301150649786, 0.010088589042425156, -0.018417565152049065, 0.04043922573328018, -0.012019945308566093, -0.043624069541692734, 0.06580957770347595, 0.008984973654150963, -0.02451794408261776, -0.03249996155500412, 0.0005317377508617938, 0.03320527449250221, 0.01433917973190546, -0.010257234796881676, 0.0702744871377945, 0.001027022022753954, -0.03540122136473656, 0.012242521159350872, -0.0388130322098732, 0.040112122893333435, -0.017911341041326523, -0.03278054669499397, -0.03733902797102928, -0.02072080224752426, -0.045125655829906464, 0.015643101185560226, 0.01674906723201275, 0.03516116738319397, 0.005394184496253729, -0.01921023800969124, 0.011022680439054966, 0.05804875120520592, -0.008532130159437656, -0.017807329073548317, -0.018689608201384544, -0.0029594635125249624, 0.02098243497312069, 0.002719201846048236, 0.04742810130119324, -0.004837620072066784, 0.008125107735395432, -0.012637675739824772, -0.03831632807850838, -0.007794291712343693, -0.014855108223855495, -0.023709917441010475, 0.019959302619099617, -0.02633746713399887, 0.0287390798330307, 0.0003401210415177047, 0.053113892674446106, 0.01154716219753027, -0.038628555834293365, -0.02160803973674774, 0.029774487018585205, 0.008317971602082253, 0.00780513696372509, -0.010904933325946331, 0.01149193849414587, -0.03751229867339134, 0.02121891640126705, -0.04904375597834587, -0.02416890859603882, 0.01566535048186779, -0.0005607576458714902, -0.017614858224987984, -0.05574686452746391, 0.008007236756384373, 0.0076141925528645515, 0.01945035345852375, 0.0015357965603470802, 0.0517360083758831, -0.025757938623428345, 0.03883172571659088, -0.023883206769824028, 0.043011702597141266, 0.04843614250421524, -0.007945521734654903, -0.009276427328586578, 0.03522578999400139, -0.0218823105096817, -0.01721389777958393, 0.02636721171438694, 0.01015887875109911, -0.0194231029599905, 0.018814733251929283, -0.016893096268177032, 0.032607924193143845, 0.053713396191596985, -0.00888810120522976, 0.006901219021528959, 0.06693165004253387, -0.0066807945258915424, -0.00013375315757002681, -0.06691936403512955, 0.013864552602171898, -0.02499631606042385, -0.008608855307102203, -0.03406699001789093, 0.011396548710763454, 0.04315634071826935, -0.02430362068116665, 0.035485100001096725, -0.032334648072719574, -0.01964079961180687, 0.027412431314587593, 0.039287175983190536, 0.02657373622059822, 0.020602213218808174, 0.00986920204013586, -0.032801494002342224, 0.02243153378367424, -0.039593663066625595, 0.010846931487321854, 0.03300778567790985, 0.03469378873705864, -0.0361243337392807, -0.04425967484712601, -0.04017641022801399, 0.0072203995659947395, 0.05275649204850197, -0.01470742654055357, 0.0398416742682457, 0.04855744540691376, -0.02493412233889103, -0.009210342541337013, -0.01975342631340027, 0.0034072264097630978, 0.01104823499917984, 0.008522242307662964, 0.047838855534791946, -0.017600126564502716, 0.01680353842675686, 0.03865574672818184, 0.022665010765194893, 0.011904905550181866, 0.04508053511381149, 0.003781066508963704, 0.00733532477170229, 0.04776058346033096, -0.032129134982824326, -0.03671438992023468, 0.0290033258497715, -0.018661554902791977, 0.05838241055607796, -0.014430984854698181, -0.04424075037240982, 0.03712165728211403, 0.05942133069038391, -0.004963659215718508, -0.0042062136344611645, 0.010344249196350574, -0.05382191762328148, 0.0561201311647892, 0.049231987446546555, -0.011534390971064568, 0.039123278111219406, 0.0419536754488945, 0.01444992609322071, -0.008009723387658596, 0.02928595244884491, -0.0299400445073843, -0.09153744578361511, 0.03633982688188553, -0.004603819455951452, -0.048869166523218155, 0.03094731643795967, 0.0029898120556026697, -0.025017155334353447, 0.00935380533337593, -0.035874657332897186, -0.020375164225697517, 0.006191496271640062, 0.020440425723791122, 0.0038806195370852947, 0.09103145450353622, -0.03029988892376423, -0.010197433643043041, -0.017804212868213654, -0.0008692418923601508, 0.12533219158649445, 0.037978190928697586, 0.07334936410188675, -0.08075085282325745, 0.0008717422606423497, 0.001325599616393447, -0.025867125019431114, 0.005383661482483149, -0.03375018760561943, -0.005547336768358946, -0.02479402907192707, 0.017960412427783012, 0.055365532636642456, -0.012414563447237015, 0.002175890142098069, 0.05216221883893013, -0.02199442684650421, 0.0016006218502297997, 0.010064729489386082, -0.014692545868456364, -0.003574864938855171, -0.016354186460375786, -0.05427854508161545, 0.021611686795949936, 0.02024446614086628, -0.015329561196267605, -0.04535006359219551, -0.019176028668880463, -0.0009913467802107334, 0.03389699012041092, -0.028132189065217972, -0.024501455947756767, -0.008598439395427704, -0.011412402614951134, 0.03657789155840874, -0.016601568087935448, 0.036082834005355835, -0.004121250472962856, 0.000836212420836091, 0.03455369174480438, -0.0025496825110167265, 0.011773227714002132, -0.022296590730547905, -0.012856865301728249, -0.007222069427371025, -0.06098118796944618, -0.017936112359166145, 0.05042942240834236, -0.06341355293989182, -0.013920440338551998, 0.014398010447621346, 0.0057176160626113415, 0.02928292751312256, -0.01706131361424923, -0.004542822949588299, 0.034262631088495255, 0.05107680335640907, -0.043893519788980484, 0.011043432168662548, -0.011518904007971287, 0.017734672874212265, -0.017283953726291656, 0.055280134081840515, -0.0035699522122740746, -0.0551871582865715, -0.032709233462810516, -0.044729046523571014, 0.042623646557331085, -0.013427182100713253, -0.019743982702493668, -0.0018037216505035758, -0.03474957123398781, -0.0257605891674757, -0.03660108894109726, 0.02107926830649376, -0.027255497872829437, 0.0442487969994545, -0.03544798120856285, -0.009119462221860886, 0.0002843530965037644, -0.02684509940445423, 0.032747700810432434, -0.05243004858493805, 0.01425117813050747, -0.014580987393856049, -0.010400809347629547, 0.02728368155658245, 0.02827255241572857, -0.004922087304294109, 0.03150549158453941, -0.03828848525881767, 0.015339884907007217, -0.009014307521283627, -0.039010655134916306, -0.008890926837921143, -0.0037612132728099823, -0.038759876042604446, 0.000028643633413594216, -0.0024581337347626686, 0.036007024347782135, 0.006115197669714689, -0.007545347325503826, -0.006153331603854895, 0.025408651679754257, -0.024375533685088158, 0.0049613588489592075, 0.004335405305027962, -0.024419080466032028, -0.013748555444180965, -0.039041321724653244, -0.029081759974360466, 0.014152557589113712, 0.043556127697229385, -0.012369904667139053, -0.02521485462784767, 0.016693351790308952, 0.02758875861763954, -0.04727010428905487, 0.05607744678854942, 0.018185680732131004, -0.0011547462781891227, -0.018894972279667854, 0.031540289521217346, -0.01331321056932211, 0.0006498974980786443, -0.011682462878525257, 0.011355826631188393, -0.002822847804054618, 0.014889858663082123, -0.06260638684034348, -0.023191427811980247, 0.04411817714571953, -0.019168278202414513, 0.021655112504959106, 0.0285185594111681, 0.01438032928854227, 0.01712954044342041, 0.0409608893096447, 0.012825293466448784, -0.00819234736263752, 0.05032730475068092, -0.040899552404880524, -0.03885023668408394, -0.0003833110095001757, -0.019483910873532295, 0.01642449013888836, 0.02381742186844349, -0.026983216404914856, -0.037397172302007675, 0.033395130187273026, -0.02966698445379734, -0.013796004466712475, -0.03912452608346939, 0.019436268135905266, 0.03090086579322815, -0.019785374402999878, 0.015152228064835072, 0.0047799935564398766, 0.013479557819664478, 0.002751974854618311, 0.055812545120716095, 0.01454763300716877, 0.0030103777535259724, -0.007759489584714174, -0.04778449982404709, -0.005642116069793701, 0.015636451542377472, -0.007500516716390848, 0.03172271326184273, 0.04332027584314346, -0.018911132588982582, 0.039480969309806824, -0.025281507521867752, 0.031862903386354446, -0.09661131352186203, -0.0464489571750164, -0.029473179951310158, -0.011570778675377369, 0.04603876918554306, -0.06948129087686539, 0.013062609359622002, 0.002799134235829115, -0.015209686942398548, 0.033084895461797714, 0.0414343923330307, -0.019104214385151863, -0.005629240535199642, -0.013388930819928646, -0.01894746907055378, -0.006972614210098982, -0.017338396981358528, 0.013383183628320694, 0.07025983929634094, -0.0021874234080314636, 0.00398932583630085, -0.02733328752219677, 0.0027597949374467134, 0.006498230155557394, -0.00035967316944152117, -0.027975033968687057, 0.04074950888752937, -0.029002349823713303, -0.01880774274468422, 0.006954766344279051, 0.006468818057328463, 0.050542548298835754, -0.0008521114359609783, 0.03296297416090965, 0.035238515585660934, 0.056579962372779846, 0.024793528020381927, 0.015167837962508202, 0.009619050659239292, 0.006961592938750982, 0.00009139018948189914, 0.01859297975897789, -0.036118216812610626, 0.01299632154405117, 0.004280603025108576, -0.015035501681268215, 0.009810857474803925, 0.03854590654373169, -0.006542087532579899, -0.021035371348261833, 0.005299034528434277, -0.03718346729874611, -0.011301548220217228, -0.012862701900303364, 0.006936047691851854, -0.04748963937163353, 0.027331477031111717, 0.04271870478987694, -0.003367419820278883, -0.03356403857469559, 0.007049934472888708, 0.009386252611875534, -0.017394864931702614, 0.0193195641040802, -0.026625383645296097, -0.04708123579621315, -0.06215553730726242, -0.0007960423245094717, 0.0021372507326304913, -0.0028035349678248167, -0.04039480909705162, -0.03276059404015541, -0.018272070214152336, 0.03607987239956856, 0.012978442013263702, 0.02227044850587845, -0.01746099255979061, 0.015175556764006615, 0.04104829579591751, -0.07448957115411758, 0.04413147643208504, -0.03200266882777214, -0.0006046813796274364, -0.03389102965593338, -0.014368736185133457, 0.0013298152480274439, -0.014058632776141167, 0.04874042049050331, -0.011103402823209763, -0.013864393346011639, 0.016365250572562218, 0.030423281714320183, 0.012474611401557922, -0.05418142303824425, 0.03589633107185364, -0.01013163197785616, -0.01330142468214035, -0.02168199233710766, -0.005095444153994322, 0.02011563628911972, 0.0380912721157074, 0.013615826144814491, -0.0245418231934309, -0.009346124716103077, -0.007153166923671961, -0.027593808248639107, -0.002703314181417227, -0.008412448689341545, -0.010157895274460316, 0.01765698753297329, -0.005482169333845377, 0.0047651370987296104, 0.0006846599280834198, 0.021038955077528954, -0.06080417335033417, 0.01647677831351757, -0.02638494037091732, -0.032664936035871506, 0.02244824729859829, -0.0047330535016953945, -0.014600140042603016, -0.043357595801353455, 0.006920824758708477, -0.02278243564069271, 0.009472130797803402, 0.005883628036826849, 0.04375477135181427, 0.031150078400969505, 0.09889824688434601, 0.015025841072201729, -0.0014982152497395873, 0.0029227198101580143, -0.0008520303526893258, -0.002670485293492675, 0.00925112422555685, 0.01937680132687092, 0.01646345667541027, -0.008290470577776432, 0.0206309724599123, -0.024164507165551186, -0.028251925483345985, 0.0017481378745287657, 0.013696634210646152, -0.05643784627318382, -0.025139598175883293, 0.03228982165455818, -0.03307894989848137, 0.035398103296756744, -0.029882146045565605, -0.011162664741277695, 0.055771321058273315, -0.008357123471796513, -0.013820641674101353, -0.009774458594620228, 0.008199748583137989, -0.02365083433687687, 0.022036569193005562, -0.03800326958298683, 0.01670018397271633, 0.013147573918104172, 0.021683404222130775, -0.01382093969732523, -0.008686898276209831, 0.04844416305422783, -0.03139922395348549, 0.03825659677386284, 0.00401668343693018, 0.03533771261572838, -0.006073406431823969, -0.03343768045306206, -0.025434335693717003, -0.0326969139277935, 0.009142751805484295, 0.04469895735383034, 0.014677852392196655, -0.03187667578458786, 0.013598036020994186, 0.031494349241256714, 0.06073068827390671, -0.08050597459077835, 0.018641743808984756, -0.06468662619590759, 0.001750354771502316, -0.02074391208589077, 0.012125372886657715 ]
<p>Is the probability calculated by a logistic regression model (the one that is logit transformed) the fit of cumulative distribution function of successes of original data (ordered by the X variable)?</p> <p><strong>EDIT:</strong> In other words - how to plot the probability distribution of the original data that you get when you fit a logistic regression model?</p> <p>The motivation for the question was Jeff Leak's example of regression on the Raven's score in a game and whether they won or not (from Coursera's Data Analysis course). Admittedly, the problem is artificial (see @FrankHarrell's comment below). Here is his data with a mix of his and my code:</p> <pre><code>download.file("http://dl.dropbox.com/u/7710864/data/ravensData.rda", destfile="ravensData.rda", method="internal") load("ravensData.rda") plot(ravenWinNum~ravenScore, data=ravensData) </code></pre> <p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/Cr5ka.png" alt="enter image description here"> </p> <p>It doesn't seem like good material for logistic regression, but let's try anyway:</p> <pre><code>logRegRavens &lt;- glm(ravenWinNum ~ ravenScore, data=ravensData, family=binomial) summary(logRegRavens) # the beta is not significant # sort table by ravenScore (X) rav2 = ravensData[order(ravensData$ravenScore), ] # plot CDF plot(sort(ravensData$ravenScore), cumsum(rav2$ravenWinNum)/sum(rav2$ravenWinNum), pch=19, col="blue", xlab="Score", ylab="Prob Ravens Win", ylim=c(0,1), xlim=c(-10,50)) # overplot fitted values (Jeff's) points(ravensData$ravenScore, logRegRavens$fitted, pch=19, col="red") # overplot regression curve curve(1/(1+exp(-(logRegRavens$coef[1]+logRegRavens$coef[2]*x))), -10, 50, add=T) </code></pre> <p>If I understand logistic regression correctly, R does a pretty bad job at finding the right coefficients in this case. </p> <p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/Cb6o8.png" alt="enter image description here"></p> <ul> <li>blue = original data to be fitted, I believe (CDF) </li> <li>red = prediction from the model (fitted data = projection of original data onto regression curve)</li> </ul> <p><strong>SOLVED</strong><br> - lowess seems to be a good non-parametric estimator of the original data = what is being fitted (thanks @gung). Seeing it allows us to choose the right model, which in this case would be adding squared term to the previous model (@gung)<br> - Of course, the problem is pretty artificial and modelling it rather pointless in general (@FrankHarrell)<br> - in regular logistic regression it's not CDF, but point probabilities - first pointed out by @FrankHarrell; also my embarrassing inability to calculate CDF pointed out by @gung.</p>
36,745
[ -0.06575723737478256, 0.00046719383681192994, 0.003799938363954425, -0.035879939794540405, 0.021113550290465355, 0.016229845583438873, -0.03128232806921005, 0.000826988136395812, 0.046594634652137756, -0.034097738564014435, 0.08129950612783432, 0.05455877259373665, 0.032980870455503464, 0.04318096861243248, 0.0219150111079216, 0.026267612352967262, 0.005796148907393217, 0.019174950197339058, 0.0002402805257588625, 0.004682329948991537, -0.01475705485790968, -0.015476424247026443, -0.006712100934237242, -0.018714172765612602, -0.00012255938781891018, 0.06421515345573425, 0.04145786911249161, 0.0019472874701023102, -0.035566311329603195, 0.09388944506645203, -0.03306226804852486, -0.009239103645086288, 0.029289932921528816, 0.03389181196689606, 0.06697165220975876, 0.05122460424900055, 0.012864862568676472, -0.024005379527807236, 0.007283310405910015, 0.015174265019595623, 0.009002121165394783, -0.008207823149859905, 0.0336652435362339, 0.04395117983222008, 0.009912778623402119, 0.01938941888511181, -0.0035571337211877108, -0.019199026748538017, 0.03860248252749443, -0.020182225853204727, 0.060448095202445984, -0.006582904607057571, 0.027294641360640526, 0.031067345291376114, -0.026722844690084457, -0.008039691485464573, 0.042381156235933304, 0.04676318168640137, -0.010888143442571163, -0.03554576262831688, 0.020940445363521576, -0.05061158910393715, -0.04819623753428459, -0.004800286144018173, -0.03799482062458992, 0.02933332324028015, 0.006693866569548845, 0.001988398376852274, 0.07897146791219711, -0.04363849386572838, 0.01787203550338745, 0.019525352865457535, 0.02818092331290245, -0.028831232339143753, 0.03371212258934975, -0.019714493304491043, -0.00831413734704256, -0.0236259326338768, 0.023576516658067703, 0.004975687246769667, -0.002174902241677046, 0.05061343312263489, 0.021085089072585106, 0.023549100384116173, 0.02337263897061348, -0.028101995587348938, 0.047345973551273346, -0.0083778640255332, 0.041099876165390015, 0.04287838190793991, -0.019088491797447205, 0.008503942750394344, 0.03729672357439995, 0.01768413931131363, -0.01226133480668068, 0.05852543190121651, 0.0005330449785105884, 0.04842984676361084, 0.00655347341671586, -0.014516080729663372, -0.01631070487201214, -0.05028504505753517, -0.0019961667712777853, 0.05336012691259384, -0.009815611876547337, -0.05352460965514183, -0.008786376565694809, 0.00858653150498867, 0.002257700776681304, -0.026377616450190544, -0.009539006277918816, 0.059584591537714005, -0.007272250950336456, -0.015264004468917847, 0.022987011820077896, -0.02969677746295929, 0.0002194989938288927, 0.02486124262213707, 0.0708780363202095, 0.033716119825839996, 0.020609989762306213, 0.0015619592741131783, 0.026804771274328232, -0.024911094456911087, -0.014338464476168156, 0.010568716563284397, 0.03817175701260567, 0.011899800971150398, -0.026934904977679253, 0.0019111715955659747, -0.04712982103228569, -0.03501643240451813, 0.050510574132204056, -0.003974801395088434, 0.023579459637403488, -0.006900784093886614, -0.07344035804271698, -0.052421342581510544, 0.04748452827334404, 0.01598350517451763, -0.000531802186742425, -0.02921876683831215, -0.03941045328974724, 0.03981901332736015, 0.02222573384642601, -0.007984541356563568, 0.048371974378824234, -0.0029381492640823126, 0.008814601227641106, -0.009446535259485245, 0.02116035297513008, 0.004010952077805996, -0.0678781047463417, -0.03466831147670746, -0.04649641737341881, -0.06313686072826385, 0.03277740627527237, 0.011799591593444347, -0.004509747959673405, -0.020510781556367874, 0.018961945548653603, -0.008114466443657875, -0.0268327035009861, -0.05618198588490486, -0.02468370832502842, -0.005615937523543835, 0.05758010596036911, 0.01615319214761257, -0.012034767307341099, 0.017559239640831947, -0.05082016810774803, 0.04592707380652428, 0.0018781255930662155, 0.0393514409661293, 0.0548592247068882, 0.01408802717924118, 0.02335432544350624, -0.023619191721081734, 0.006688161753118038, 0.0013473074650391936, -0.02905765175819397, -0.013082094490528107, -0.01176927424967289, -0.025451069697737694, 0.02209807001054287, 0.019019000232219696, -0.0016280118143185973, -0.019670451059937477, 0.06377463042736053, -0.054048456251621246, -0.08653421700000763, -0.03247024118900299, 0.0013068140251562, 0.00009885674808174372, -0.006048544775694609, -0.003809227840974927, 0.0376536101102829, 0.06516212970018387, -0.010807427577674389, 0.004657431971281767, -0.03822352737188339, -0.0008173927781172097, 0.059558723121881485, -0.00004304600224713795, -0.025087643414735794, 0.038397327065467834, 0.04888438060879707, -0.02434610202908516, 0.058866698294878006, -0.07254279404878616, -0.038464974611997604, 0.01077466830611229, -0.007704181130975485, -0.0018649360863491893, -0.01255636103451252, -0.0041288225911557674, 0.03013729490339756, 0.039357807487249374, -0.007686450146138668, 0.02275201864540577, -0.033490847796201706, 0.024045083671808243, 0.06877800077199936, -0.020038152113556862, 0.02087390050292015, -0.0007484695524908602, -0.017037006095051765, -0.0005339605850167572, -0.008869827724993229, -0.03586530312895775, -0.05067228898406029, -0.023778658360242844, 0.02949659153819084, 0.002885224763303995, -0.0016463614301756024, -0.0031671898905187845, 0.09164568036794662, 0.0011950217885896564, 0.0030822709668427706, 0.03701574355363846, 0.0007552691968157887, 0.006015770137310028, -0.010152237489819527, 0.010682712309062481, -0.004102989565581083, -0.030606405809521675, 0.02197522670030594, 0.015352929010987282, 0.02478943020105362, -0.000607726105954498, -0.03510618209838867, 0.029309798032045364, 0.02789892815053463, -0.010334420949220657, -0.029018104076385498, -0.03451511636376381, 0.06748539954423904, -0.012287997640669346, 0.02226012572646141, 0.042243603616952896, 0.016008365899324417, 0.021029392257332802, 0.012384654954075813, 0.011676056310534477, 0.013037626631557941, 0.04890318959951401, -0.03351321816444397, 0.002686295658349991, 0.03759678825736046, -0.016357047483325005, 0.02109862118959427, -0.02645750716328621, -0.038416787981987, -0.048100583255290985, 0.03822709619998932, 0.030891338363289833, 0.021422691643238068, 0.0033149791415780783, -0.02262474223971367, -0.031891074031591415, -0.035480957478284836, -0.016448721289634705, 0.006045166868716478, 0.014472736045718193, -0.08333805948495865, -0.01024958398193121, -0.02885379083454609, -0.005744053516536951, 0.0064568729139864445, 0.005707628093659878, -0.03856471925973892, 0.0256047286093235, -0.05167538672685623, -0.06844586879014969, -0.033227499574422836, -0.014476219192147255, -0.03787405788898468, -0.01933632418513298, -0.03215087205171585, 0.07851110398769379, 0.02140006236732006, -0.03865399584174156, 0.018421124666929245, -0.031884148716926575, 0.022427216172218323, -0.0030574307311326265, -0.030768118798732758, 0.02916683256626129, 0.01416939590126276, 0.03425280749797821, -0.01220805011689663, -0.026037033647298813, -0.03312274068593979, -0.07019998133182526, -0.0584183968603611, 0.0026111993938684464, -0.0015437204856425524, 0.030734078958630562, -0.011920127086341381, 0.016116706654429436, 0.0687355026602745, 0.043113384395837784, -0.02245882898569107, -0.09985851496458054, 0.027615470811724663, 0.0051301633939146996, 0.000955551746301353, -0.027750376611948013, -0.012060191482305527, 0.021320343017578125, 0.02063852734863758, -0.05819076672196388, 0.006230746861547232, 0.0006682410021312535, -0.04517988860607147, -0.023509439080953598, 0.03156323730945587, -0.00887216255068779, -0.02320215478539467, 0.027232319116592407, 0.019449545070528984, -0.0020237863063812256, 0.06173431873321533, -0.006098067853599787, 0.03427112475037575, -0.008714399300515652, -0.025656303390860558, 0.00488894060254097, 0.043861180543899536, 0.011511322110891342, -0.01983027532696724, 0.01888713426887989, 0.00007434040890075266, -0.037006452679634094, -0.030596023425459862, 0.0016326813492923975, 0.04791821166872978, -0.0020974455401301384, 0.010969240218400955, 0.018050052225589752, 0.0266745463013649, 0.0017292979173362255, -0.014606556855142117, -0.024707576259970665, -0.01261868979781866, 0.018408896401524544, -0.039852116256952286, -0.007022080011665821, 0.045595232397317886, 0.02073303982615471, -0.009206604212522507, -0.03786626085639, -0.03187168017029762, 0.001006008591502905, -0.009332358837127686, 0.017735052853822708, -0.06655120849609375, 0.03365173190832138, 0.036480847746133804, 0.03909015282988548, 0.014087448827922344, -0.015452111139893532, 0.022444898262619972, -0.007811969146132469, -0.07711252570152283, 0.045904748141765594, 0.03286854922771454, 0.024231549352407455, 0.0029187100008130074, -0.02637842483818531, 0.056427039206027985, -0.02162087708711624, -0.00265339482575655, 0.0046623870730400085, -0.0025501702912151814, -0.02583444118499756, -0.018265360966324806, -0.016482051461935043, -0.037029653787612915, 0.011624251492321491, -0.003404023125767708, 0.01559735182672739, 0.005744982976466417, 0.03351857140660286, 0.04104846343398094, 0.03203071653842926, 0.02239285409450531, -0.041906990110874176, 0.003191224532201886, 0.04543963447213173, 0.0560615174472332, 0.028292525559663773, 0.001603678916580975, -0.021031629294157028, 0.03854070603847504, -0.013186555355787277, 0.041959840804338455, 0.07560505717992783, -0.02369043044745922, -0.003336467780172825, -0.03318330645561218, 0.005080930422991514, 0.014280897565186024, -0.011117423884570599, -0.008963366970419884, 0.02363898605108261, 0.03531314805150032, 0.04134613648056984, -0.0361420214176178, -0.025209177285432816, 0.04241732135415077, 0.014780323021113873, -0.007230643182992935, -0.013553607277572155, 0.014233015477657318, -0.0065022967755794525, 0.012696485035121441, 0.017625559121370316, -0.01845087856054306, 0.01609925925731659, -0.020557379350066185, 0.031082279980182648, -0.025504881516098976, -0.012490135617554188, -0.01094435341656208, -0.009577103890478611, 0.05680258199572563, -0.005032628774642944, -0.08510895818471909, 0.005568751133978367, -0.018588850274682045, 0.014970908872783184, 0.004871681332588196, 0.008332314901053905, -0.056250449270009995, -0.016748081892728806, 0.06932574510574341, 0.05445178598165512, -0.03349199518561363, 0.003338218666613102, -0.036877162754535675, 0.008974620141088963, -0.008517361246049404, -0.04819779470562935, 0.0040260967798531055, -0.010399244725704193, 0.03580009937286377, -0.012495218776166439, -0.029900604858994484, -0.06397463381290436, 0.009974293410778046, -0.054763566702604294, 0.028941212221980095, -0.015054989606142044, -0.04392986372113228, -0.01527567207813263, 0.008140104822814465, 0.007224137894809246, 0.03599898889660835, -0.03231283277273178, -0.05629923194646835, 0.042290810495615005, -0.0015960088931024075, -0.02895977348089218, -0.04124094173312187, 0.03713655844330788, -0.002496435772627592, 0.0027189364191144705, 0.048600852489471436, 0.019042661413550377, -0.011201619170606136, 0.0035648236516863108, -0.0032799746841192245, 0.0015995906433090568, 0.015845414251089096, -0.019104432314634323, 0.043024979531764984, 0.04164335876703262, -0.013041747733950615, 0.024591343477368355, 0.04339570552110672, 0.02576415240764618, -0.009162887930870056, -0.03823567554354668, -0.015467802993953228, 0.019084161147475243, -0.01179971918463707, -0.049285609275102615, -0.027355985715985298, 0.0020033440086990595, 0.007043059449642897, 0.012298353016376495, 0.04084859788417816, -0.0005274529685266316, 0.01622193492949009, 0.022936664521694183, -0.02400028705596924, 0.008826636709272861, -0.001877511152997613, -0.01754423789680004, 0.0200639795511961, -0.0018654767191037536, 0.006558536551892757, 0.013859930448234081, 0.000046107423258945346, -0.02495112270116806, 0.005720126908272505, -0.047697633504867554, 0.01998135820031166, -0.016840655356645584, -0.016028210520744324, -0.01081567071378231, -0.049017999321222305, 0.013647114858031273, 0.00005385361146181822, 0.023543888702988625, -0.029318420216441154, -0.016290333122015, -0.0387839674949646, -0.0004860530898440629, -0.02649294212460518, -0.012308219447731972, -0.010617198422551155, 0.006075812969356775, -0.02948346734046936, -0.0645739808678627, -0.07085788995027542, -0.0041081877425313, 0.006292025092989206, -0.024099024012684822, -0.007814201526343822, -0.03681328147649765, 0.0037288388703018427, 0.010801875963807106, 0.00875448901206255, 0.004604082554578781, 0.018354957923293114, -0.01341503020375967, 0.004457558039575815, -0.04089104011654854, -0.007933304645121098, 0.08015177398920059, 0.010867270641028881, -0.012034782208502293, 0.021797871217131615, 0.008654178120195866, -0.04874550551176071, 0.03617759048938751, -0.010599278844892979, -0.02532421611249447, -0.023441867902874947, -0.0018677104962989688, 0.0045554423704743385, 0.013479972258210182, -0.00921880267560482, -0.006701403763145208, -0.041803956031799316, -0.0034974173177033663, 0.020145835354924202, -0.04649367928504944, -0.004661994520574808, -0.006738485302776098, 0.001644008094444871, -0.03832625970244408, -0.024392085149884224, -0.007100849412381649, -0.022666340693831444, -0.006388241890817881, 0.011903391219675541, 0.008075321093201637, 0.00002635221062519122, 0.08519704639911652, -0.01997554488480091, -0.033963482826948166, -0.021688200533390045, -0.037022914737463, 0.05454537644982338, 0.008374902419745922, -0.02139618620276451, 0.0006384858279488981, 0.05309741944074631, -0.03500371798872948, -0.007492826320230961, -0.07572027295827866, 0.019078686833381653, 0.0437595397233963, -0.018053371459245682, 0.02238631807267666, 0.04209543764591217, -0.006956860423088074, 0.01947564259171486, -0.01755448244512081, -0.010867507196962833, -0.020206276327371597, 0.01730571873486042, 0.016711970791220665, -0.015061726793646812, 0.0032600348349660635, -0.01871447078883648, 0.005247790832072496, 0.025766145437955856, 0.026757532730698586, 0.013962045311927795, -0.040747109800577164, 0.011367840692400932, -0.041180577129125595, -0.027194054797291756, 0.02468962036073208, -0.029934603720903397, -0.007731348741799593, -0.017116501927375793, -0.032173946499824524, 0.0436849482357502, 0.02906903810799122, -0.02157066948711872, -0.03928086906671524, -0.03341227397322655, -0.04528053104877472, -0.018410710617899895, -0.009317002259194851, 0.0030871897470206022, 0.04064158350229263, -0.0032425785902887583, 0.012566765770316124, -0.021015701815485954, 0.04649783670902252, -0.044078052043914795, -0.053491588681936264, -0.0002449601888656616, -0.009094624780118465, -0.04082329571247101, 0.03018234483897686, -0.010121801868081093, -0.023729145526885986, 0.021135058254003525, -0.02517647109925747, -0.010054110549390316, 0.023552244529128075, 0.03579931706190109, 0.02388983964920044, 0.0803145244717598, -0.025654101744294167, 0.020719429478049278, -0.0017273703124374151, -0.024874284863471985, 0.16575117409229279, 0.051237478852272034, 0.05947765335440636, -0.022914623841643333, -0.020464139059185982, 0.020689960569143295, 0.06231069192290306, 0.01656913012266159, -0.026439499109983444, 0.0011742115020751953, -0.01714891381561756, 0.05224055051803589, 0.015641961246728897, 0.022961821407079697, 0.021989386528730392, 0.03727799281477928, -0.02092333324253559, -0.004152733366936445, -0.023367896676063538, -0.0010219612158834934, -0.021893925964832306, -0.01984250731766224, -0.045116230845451355, -0.015035790391266346, 0.01261310838162899, -0.022381285205483437, -0.014476701617240906, -0.032216619700193405, -0.028228197246789932, 0.02166690118610859, 0.0011155994143337011, 0.0018271240405738354, 0.037071604281663895, 0.011838201433420181, 0.01858675293624401, -0.028662877157330513, 0.03831419348716736, -0.05691232532262802, 0.01149461604654789, 0.047831013798713684, 0.019025500863790512, 0.01258669700473547, -0.019926346838474274, 0.03249652683734894, -0.03705378994345665, -0.014041787944734097, -0.03857741877436638, 0.02549087069928646, -0.0005671437247656286, -0.039452631026506424, -0.02795221656560898, 0.02395785227417946, -0.0104248421266675, -0.02665392868220806, -0.02252771705389023, 0.04006410390138626, -0.008285753428936005, 0.015747014433145523, -0.022556858137249947, -0.02073485590517521, 0.004083939362317324, -0.011873945593833923, 0.029708165675401688, 0.059105947613716125, -0.01991843245923519, -0.037066902965307236, -0.030030101537704468, 0.06951483339071274, -0.01053907722234726, 0.011997509747743607, 0.01316202525049448, 0.009074375033378601, -0.022628601640462875, -0.01824895665049553, 0.0035929696168750525, 0.001175245619378984, 0.014075025916099548, 0.010481824167072773, -0.008269602432847023, -0.026129180565476418, -0.05063394084572792, -0.02538399025797844, -0.05096894130110741, -0.0013848558301106095, -0.050457507371902466, -0.01103542372584343, -0.008105401881039143, 0.022577650845050812, 0.062433913350105286, 0.009067898616194725, -0.020383203402161598, 0.04933977127075195, 0.0024899798445403576, -0.053558751940727234, -0.030380424112081528, 0.004949730355292559, -0.058165814727544785, -0.03768283873796463, -0.0036657117307186127, 0.09145113825798035, 0.03230533003807068, -0.000060528709582285956, -0.005014003720134497, 0.008820910938084126, -0.019816022366285324, -0.0022698023822158575, -0.019938737154006958, -0.06747551262378693, 0.04175487905740738, -0.01743941754102707, -0.007304208818823099, -0.00007262515282491222, -0.010734415613114834, -0.025779075920581818, -0.058801621198654175, -0.02161460369825363, -0.042967382818460464, -0.030996423214673996, -0.009491872042417526, 0.01601308211684227, 0.03729919716715813, -0.0237971693277359, -0.013257660903036594, -0.027057437226176262, -0.03206048905849457, -0.02915266714990139, -0.027876967564225197, 0.016311435028910637, 0.016306878998875618, -0.014567025005817413, 0.014237607829272747, 0.032683249562978745, 0.018497353419661522, 0.012576025910675526, -0.023686949163675308, 0.030240550637245178, 0.005127560812979937, 0.03874018415808678, 0.011579797603189945, -0.003276142990216613, 0.05809687450528145, -0.025576936081051826, -0.04949670657515526, 0.0070893894881010056, -0.0071051050908863544, 0.03908473998308182, -0.024770241230726242, 0.01662451960146427, -0.03737465292215347, 0.03138212487101555, -0.021670950576663017, -0.0032984574791043997, -0.013440100476145744, 0.015963289886713028, 0.05244236811995506, 0.02688966691493988, 0.007128162309527397, -0.019790738821029663, 0.008019317872822285, 0.034925635904073715, 0.03912142291665077, -0.006595476530492306, -0.0022539570927619934, -0.006742899771779776, -0.03976862132549286, 0.011644653975963593, -0.00825047492980957, -0.026619337499141693, 0.02620004117488861, 0.033816710114479065, -0.012764100916683674, 0.02929796651005745, -0.009449685923755169, 0.02863253653049469, -0.0839860662817955, -0.05525350943207741, 0.03694840893149376, 0.006471098866313696, 0.015492630191147327, -0.00509195402264595, 0.004334597382694483, 0.022820979356765747, -0.0183943472802639, 0.0326143279671669, 0.0191116351634264, -0.006259644869714975, -0.037128694355487823, 0.04036101698875427, -0.009624078869819641, -0.010384920053184032, 0.018702074885368347, 0.01081614475697279, 0.04506361484527588, 0.03628383204340935, -0.00561350816860795, -0.036130938678979874, -0.04724840074777603, 0.01838833838701248, -0.0009510488016530871, -0.041796814650297165, 0.02184000238776207, -0.02085168845951557, 0.043215129524469376, 0.027569491416215897, 0.005012757144868374, 0.06369240581989288, 0.01959161087870598, 0.04207640141248703, 0.01879125088453293, 0.05319599062204361, 0.0164751298725605, -0.02370372600853443, -0.0034618910867720842, 0.009821009822189808, 0.020355110988020897, 0.022742221131920815, -0.04062126949429512, 0.030611298978328705, 0.028017278760671616, 0.003442602464929223, -0.03325355052947998, 0.0007182097178883851, -0.02632315270602703, 0.015483139082789421, -0.028350872918963432, -0.0028524762019515038, -0.009066796861588955, -0.019236009567975998, 0.01602776162326336, -0.0010204818099737167, 0.02475273609161377, 0.031738102436065674, 0.046126753091812134, -0.0157276913523674, 0.00878095906227827, -0.013620473444461823, -0.02717016264796257, -0.0462084636092186, -0.03382929414510727, -0.011871465481817722, -0.037761952728033066, 0.024592770263552666, -0.023972345516085625, -0.015271703712642193, -0.04188423231244087, 0.0053816973231732845, -0.07416961342096329, 0.04561441391706467, -0.014254533685743809, 0.019061023369431496, 0.03381583094596863, -0.03172477334737778, 0.07167074084281921, -0.1068672239780426, 0.07854663580656052, -0.001904873875901103, -0.023837435990571976, -0.041757982224226, 0.02563810907304287, -0.007772721350193024, 0.013660131953656673, 0.04791322723031044, -0.015607467852532864, 0.012929307296872139, 0.004541578236967325, 0.05022772401571274, 0.013689029030501842, -0.047922953963279724, 0.023092443123459816, 0.0016093453159555793, 0.0017869997536763549, -0.030094122514128685, 0.002539677545428276, -0.0015683658421039581, 0.03965619206428528, 0.03180431202054024, -0.009388291276991367, -0.03182537108659744, -0.02681141346693039, -0.029867038130760193, 0.023536622524261475, -0.014054451137781143, -0.0006910316878929734, 0.02487371303141117, 0.008095428347587585, 0.024759232997894287, 0.04269132763147354, 0.002188975689932704, -0.04078084975481033, 0.0569726787507534, -0.045961275696754456, -0.03058934211730957, 0.04892841354012489, -0.007025454193353653, -0.02559673972427845, -0.05731350928544998, -0.004555493593215942, 0.019539067521691322, 0.020395321771502495, -0.016292452812194824, 0.012336171232163906, 0.013090940192341805, 0.07014481723308563, -0.008753749541938305, 0.01730671338737011, -0.035752709954977036, -0.019125523045659065, 0.0035807278472930193, -0.022084876894950867, 0.02880849689245224, 0.02906218357384205, 0.01680765487253666, 0.031037192791700363, -0.014689631760120392, 0.021093200892210007, 0.00013432450941763818, 0.07091142982244492, -0.03387816250324249, 0.010041506960988045, 0.019068077206611633, -0.04189472645521164, 0.024362564086914062, -0.012415084056556225, 0.00632452080026269, 0.04222855716943741, -0.012802510522305965, 0.0031697889789938927, -0.04248896986246109, -0.023935820907354355, -0.04799493029713631, 0.02505876123905182, 0.010310715064406395, 0.0378817580640316, 0.009970170445740223, 0.03489076718688011, 0.03174367547035217, -0.003557648044079542, 0.02448970079421997, 0.029581399634480476, 0.0023243098985403776, -0.0044506448321044445, 0.03910994902253151, 0.021113034337759018, -0.003012117464095354, -0.005283868405967951, -0.01277613639831543, 0.028440557420253754, 0.015773171558976173, -0.021248789504170418, -0.004685226362198591, -0.015428085811436176, 0.019221169874072075, 0.04801828786730766, -0.041576411575078964, -0.02422168105840683, -0.04889588803052902, 0.006149197928607464, 0.007277199067175388, -0.04150787740945816 ]
<p>I am working on my thesis. My main regression model is the following:</p> <ol> <li><p>$Y=x_1*{\rm Payment}+x_2*{\rm Country}+x_3*{\rm Industry}...$</p> <p>All independent variables are dummy / binary variables. In a next step I divide my sample and construct the following two regression:</p></li> <li><p>$Y=x_2*{\rm Country}+x_3*{\rm Industry}...$ => Here I only consider observations which had the value "1" regarding the "Payment"-independent variable</p></li> <li><p>$Y=x_2*{\rm Country}+x_3*{\rm Industry}...$ => Here I only consider observations which had the value "0" regarding the "Payment"-independent variable.</p></li> </ol> <p>The independent variable <code>Payment</code> is quite important in my thesis and all remaining variables can be rather considered as control variables. <code>Payment</code> takes the value 1 if the M&amp;A deal is paid in cash and 0 if it is paid in shares.</p> <p>I received the following feedback from my supervisor and I am not quite sure how to incorporate it: </p> <blockquote> <p>...Can you really split the sample into cash and stock M&amp;A?... If you are indeed correct with your hypothesis then different companies will go for cash than for stock as a payment method...Hence your two populations are NOT the same. In other words: There is a endogeneity problem. To solve it use the 2-stage Heckman instrumental variable estimation....Pay attention to the economic justification of your IVs and to their econometric testing (valid instrument)...</p> </blockquote> <p>When I look up the Heckman procedure (especially the female wage example) it seems that it is analysing Y. However I understand that I need to do this with my independent variable ("Payment").</p> <p>Hence I am confused as I don't see the link between the female wage example and my case.</p>
74,089
[ -0.03145478665828705, -0.012142443098127842, -0.014568175189197063, -0.009081988595426083, 0.05212723836302757, -0.000033743319363566115, -0.03991853818297386, -0.019529107958078384, 0.032357264310121536, -0.0036621156614273787, 0.039522264152765274, 0.014176513999700546, 0.028187228366732597, -0.009145159274339676, 0.0015659808414056897, 0.03996453061699867, 0.016895590350031853, -0.0047352733090519905, 0.026752009987831116, 0.011411045677959919, 0.018922870978713036, 0.055783115327358246, -0.006066219415515661, -0.004849813878536224, 0.006939439568668604, 0.05241326242685318, 0.0013652320485562086, -0.031378891319036484, 0.02261795848608017, 0.0032601808197796345, -0.020805075764656067, -0.04291402921080589, -0.0065304674208164215, -0.013515383005142212, 0.01564459130167961, 0.04148063063621521, 0.005004289094358683, -0.02805202640593052, 0.04247882589697838, 0.015060484409332275, -0.012184376828372478, 0.02831408940255642, -0.0053488085977733135, 0.014978097751736641, 0.013925307430326939, 0.03181103989481926, 0.003334986511617899, -0.015656188130378723, 0.0050692809745669365, -0.023768508806824684, 0.02580399438738823, -0.008392533287405968, 0.014413988217711449, 0.022339869290590286, -0.026769356802105904, -0.023426439613103867, 0.020426997914910316, 0.06721653789281845, 0.0006456515984609723, -0.03194228932261467, -0.013901310041546822, 0.02575264498591423, 0.010236944071948528, -0.04150398448109627, -0.01848304085433483, -0.005645252764225006, 0.017607463523745537, 0.01144315954297781, 0.022267119958996773, -0.045467596501111984, 0.03847764804959297, -0.036694932729005814, 0.005825174506753683, -0.01951627805829048, 0.011855078861117363, -0.03915382921695709, 0.018297338858246803, 0.0658947229385376, 0.017499098554253578, 0.019530192017555237, -0.005262129008769989, 0.018291333690285683, 0.016994226723909378, 0.0641794353723526, 0.025425300002098083, 0.005375692620873451, 0.05465356633067131, -0.0273958258330822, 0.041847120970487595, 0.013474688865244389, -0.028013113886117935, -0.01469822321087122, 0.05085811764001846, 0.021047579124569893, -0.019559917971491814, 0.022312507033348083, -0.030883297324180603, 0.06622239947319031, -0.0020635384134948254, 0.005880400538444519, -0.0038273793179541826, -0.03630105033516884, 0.007050051353871822, 0.08217554539442062, 0.005512917414307594, 0.0050022173672914505, -0.024963779374957085, 0.004851956851780415, 0.007989190518856049, -0.05267281457781792, -0.0403626449406147, 0.05439655855298042, 0.017686115577816963, -0.038769982755184174, -0.007735454477369785, 0.025021038949489594, -0.03002208285033703, -0.008013749495148659, 0.06426557898521423, 0.04647074639797211, 0.05563594028353691, -0.04491719976067543, 0.015859432518482208, -0.008204362355172634, -0.035537540912628174, 0.008375423029065132, 0.0156101044267416, -0.0006122106569819152, -0.0320315882563591, 0.0411154143512249, 0.050342459231615067, -0.0010467731626704335, 0.013577659614384174, 0.023768290877342224, 0.04704853519797325, 0.012787873856723309, -0.07839365303516388, -0.06916624307632446, 0.04316038638353348, 0.02696332335472107, 0.029155438765883446, -0.0645626112818718, -0.0215913113206625, 0.03560681268572807, 0.08083072304725647, -0.021131012588739395, 0.022603003308176994, 0.03832254186272621, 0.018238989636301994, 0.026519622653722763, -0.027909033000469208, -0.03524420037865639, -0.04027070477604866, -0.03774525225162506, 0.015712449327111244, -0.05647818744182587, 0.019103175029158592, 0.03150980547070503, -0.004094681702554226, -0.019497906789183617, 0.021085938438773155, 0.04531127214431763, -0.008329308591783047, 0.027060655876994133, -0.005024042911827564, -0.04011894017457962, 0.044560566544532776, -0.011688755825161934, 0.055241841822862625, 0.01787121221423149, 0.02016275003552437, 0.008719252422451973, -0.033151037991046906, 0.05154390260577202, 0.020659038797020912, -0.047880109399557114, 0.018657149747014046, -0.025981303304433823, -0.005470177624374628, 0.03573909401893616, -0.06903106719255447, -0.05301741510629654, -0.03739972412586212, -0.010351205244660378, 0.027132835239171982, 0.03531418740749359, 0.03204754739999771, 0.011600811965763569, 0.0185917429625988, -0.055514857172966, -0.0776754692196846, -0.0659051313996315, 0.010958325117826462, -0.007806672248989344, -0.049881141632795334, -0.02684231474995613, -0.03538079559803009, -0.014728891663253307, -0.03863002732396126, -0.027730362489819527, 0.0004754795809276402, 0.004978536628186703, 0.035666923969984055, -0.009453992359340191, 0.027863189578056335, 0.04586260765790939, 0.0244006235152483, 0.00183320720680058, 0.03955124691128731, -0.03657003864645958, 0.001280864467844367, 0.01902727037668228, -0.014377279207110405, 0.027825314551591873, 0.006042849738150835, 0.014229913242161274, 0.04102655127644539, 0.022387217730283737, -0.010088219307363033, 0.03823411837220192, -0.05476262420415878, 0.04241963103413582, 0.06985381990671158, -0.0018422838766127825, 0.012477477081120014, 0.015594027005136013, 0.02505720779299736, 0.07658196240663528, -0.022700481116771698, -0.0019820411689579487, -0.06507941335439682, -0.020739907398819923, 0.0342542938888073, -0.014142152853310108, -0.052992142736911774, 0.007161332294344902, 0.08802437037229538, -0.008096134290099144, 0.009592236019670963, -0.0035727685317397118, 0.011688018217682838, -0.010972287505865097, 0.005370386876165867, -0.016387194395065308, -0.014995760284364223, 0.017930733039975166, 0.03190049156546593, -0.007832824252545834, 0.057836540043354034, 0.027812868356704712, 0.03591524064540863, 0.023289263248443604, -0.028765900060534477, 0.01252060104161501, -0.011038403026759624, 0.0004787184007000178, 0.022093478590250015, -0.0364546924829483, 0.0021180505864322186, 0.04722479358315468, 0.0148592134937644, -0.028132539242506027, -0.0018057761481031775, -0.037312187254428864, -0.029165789484977722, 0.039009205996990204, 0.0016136209014803171, 0.06070328503847122, 0.021724529564380646, -0.03846057131886482, 0.000241429777815938, 0.010158935561776161, -0.04026179388165474, -0.038660939782857895, 0.03344908729195595, 0.034506216645240784, -0.010708799585700035, -0.0005737587343901396, -0.02839982509613037, 0.006203527096658945, 0.002959534293040633, -0.01759321615099907, 0.02322506718337536, -0.016397491097450256, -0.056100282818078995, -0.009659308940172195, -0.027133166790008545, -0.005468254443258047, 0.01722193881869316, 0.035855457186698914, -0.010025554336607456, 0.040969762951135635, -0.008531755767762661, -0.035826630890369415, -0.0263582244515419, 0.03037785179913044, -0.021838925778865814, -0.028493577614426613, -0.02594602108001709, 0.022723445668816566, 0.04338987544178963, -0.010492833331227303, 0.0008714026189409196, -0.057668980211019516, -0.029498543590307236, 0.021763579919934273, -0.015903275460004807, -0.019537458196282387, -0.009881241247057915, 0.015455694869160652, 0.0015497677959501743, 0.03243356943130493, -0.03838638961315155, -0.07930214703083038, -0.08214852213859558, 0.021470028907060623, 0.00954766571521759, 0.013296181336045265, -0.021831948310136795, 0.004553289618343115, 0.047153037041425705, 0.026586761698126793, -0.013649930246174335, -0.06218618154525757, -0.01487950049340725, -0.02179131843149662, -0.01402798481285572, 0.04200860857963562, 0.02249251678586006, 0.007729056291282177, 0.016918549314141273, 0.01269028801470995, 0.0396643690764904, 0.03414906933903694, -0.010870515368878841, 0.029505660757422447, 0.01520894281566143, -0.01673811487853527, -0.026131488382816315, 0.0500146709382534, 0.017246443778276443, -0.006619488354772329, -0.011689802631735802, 0.012143834494054317, 0.02569211833178997, 0.029512125998735428, -0.044172849506139755, -0.0025121064390987158, -0.018989956006407738, -0.024267375469207764, -0.022284043952822685, 0.006508334074169397, 0.012743295170366764, -0.051622483879327774, -0.009220296517014503, -0.008398839272558689, 0.007744555827230215, 0.003638996509835124, 0.006177336908876896, 0.0520566962659359, -0.019038710743188858, 0.03223622217774391, -0.01335244718939066, -0.055092062801122665, 0.017306013032794, 0.03637072443962097, -0.027725953608751297, -0.0050751883536577225, 0.02981444261968136, 0.06636814773082733, 0.010044068098068237, -0.02129996195435524, 0.007434004917740822, -0.0382707454264164, -0.06299697607755661, -0.01094401627779007, -0.008731037378311157, 0.054892025887966156, 0.028491592034697533, 0.04170474037528038, -0.006377402693033218, 0.025335000827908516, -0.01435759849846363, -0.01662600412964821, -0.053726401180028915, -0.03130196034908295, -0.002186124213039875, -0.051856786012649536, 0.014525258913636208, -0.02065746672451496, 0.011804039590060711, -0.04789275676012039, -0.008966095745563507, -0.0024439976550638676, 0.01114667858928442, -0.0046534547582268715, 0.009632348082959652, -0.022055158391594887, -0.011801804415881634, 0.01578153483569622, 0.02477029524743557, 0.0556756816804409, 0.02636830136179924, -0.007117034401744604, 0.022278334945440292, -0.004713869653642178, -0.03129696846008301, -0.010839790105819702, -0.005164868663996458, 0.05037594214081764, 0.05130835622549057, 0.030047724023461342, 0.01947547309100628, -0.01566469855606556, 0.03192933276295662, 0.01893448643386364, 0.017669271677732468, 0.008691434748470783, -0.012122380547225475, -0.0158438291400671, 0.003830027999356389, -0.0019782253075391054, 0.006863554939627647, 0.0018538784934207797, 0.020757678896188736, -0.03394756838679314, 0.063921257853508, 0.023913374170660973, -0.028910288587212563, 0.019498692825436592, 0.06559307128190994, 0.03382708132266998, 0.031928978860378265, -0.029362283647060394, -0.01655993051826954, -0.03296087682247162, 0.028864964842796326, 0.047169722616672516, 0.006828309036791325, -0.025529013946652412, -0.01028086245059967, 0.04612286388874054, 0.01866810955107212, -0.0356026329100132, 0.01360441092401743, 0.006622713059186935, 0.03888945281505585, -0.00561989052221179, -0.0365520603954792, 0.02740904875099659, 0.04741723835468292, -0.015445401892066002, 0.012871102429926395, 0.010902593843638897, -0.09014878422021866, -0.008218271657824516, 0.026067383587360382, 0.041210148483514786, -0.0628800168633461, -0.016498249024152756, -0.036675628274679184, -0.021316630765795708, -0.02133803442120552, -0.008341100066900253, 0.03814881667494774, 0.02504281885921955, 0.012184962630271912, -0.012753723189234734, -0.04228336364030838, -0.06694388389587402, -0.014696846716105938, -0.024281583726406097, -0.011838071048259735, -0.03174116089940071, -0.04957110062241554, -0.043794646859169006, 0.0016228198073804379, 0.050492387264966965, -0.0013884893851354718, -0.04030658304691315, -0.006833757273852825, -0.0023856780026108027, 0.024507081136107445, -0.029395952820777893, -0.0490618497133255, 0.04039802402257919, -0.009069843217730522, 0.011569921858608723, 0.03334446996450424, 0.012558389455080032, -0.03413112834095955, 0.05645790696144104, 0.055852144956588745, 0.007376354653388262, 0.012202872894704342, -0.017155691981315613, 0.02736743912100792, 0.01230327133089304, 0.0093086464330554, 0.04511434584856033, 0.029059769585728645, -0.02370866760611534, -0.0037805442698299885, -0.03527960181236267, -0.028178967535495758, -0.011147880926728249, -0.05793483555316925, -0.04742825776338577, 0.019172867760062218, -0.007770907133817673, 0.013321015983819962, 0.01419210433959961, 0.023271920159459114, -0.06739488989114761, -0.01953074522316456, 0.005558541975915432, 0.007027175277471542, -0.03186646103858948, -0.019783593714237213, -0.03310339152812958, -0.017315318807959557, -0.021262673661112785, 0.0043344646692276, -0.0005894729983992875, -0.01402885653078556, 0.00022317565162666142, 0.0026214963290840387, -0.027100931853055954, 0.0048370580188930035, -0.032155122607946396, -0.035796139389276505, 0.001967477146536112, -0.01192316971719265, 0.018976563587784767, -0.007033110596239567, 0.014946261420845985, -0.0069260429590940475, 0.0018076538108289242, 0.009614433161914349, 0.025253640487790108, 0.019171474501490593, -0.006347522139549255, -0.0063998824916779995, 0.001368029392324388, 0.015634717419743538, -0.03373001515865326, -0.08310606330633163, -0.04308401793241501, 0.012856368906795979, -0.01611192338168621, -0.033810093998909, -0.016171950846910477, -0.000921354629099369, 0.0177165400236845, -0.02457689493894577, -0.012426799163222313, 0.04937109723687172, -0.041949111968278885, 0.007147600874304771, -0.001892922562547028, 0.047616273164749146, 0.07235782593488693, 0.020607152953743935, -0.04428822919726372, 0.017491314560174942, -0.0047792717814445496, 0.021559303626418114, 0.024000775068998337, -0.017882004380226135, -0.012571502476930618, -0.009810426272451878, -0.04619481787085533, -0.0016395091079175472, 0.02190563455224037, 0.01862475462257862, -0.022361213341355324, 0.003932958003133535, 0.01807284913957119, -0.02247466892004013, -0.05829989165067673, -0.018670586869120598, 0.026609336957335472, -0.011224240995943546, -0.04104195535182953, -0.0006988088716752827, -0.011177623644471169, -0.02184506319463253, -0.003166202688589692, -0.039785586297512054, -0.02934427559375763, 0.02491363137960434, 0.0695410966873169, 0.05080310255289078, 0.03271227329969406, -0.012344595044851303, -0.0002969596826005727, 0.03470612317323685, -0.004710652399808168, -0.03047655150294304, -0.012993121519684792, 0.03338227793574333, -0.04229551926255226, -0.024859681725502014, -0.046465914696455, 0.026466434821486473, 0.05552472546696663, 0.024718014523386955, 0.03909922018647194, 0.05146067216992378, 0.012654262594878674, -0.004194319248199463, -0.0583035834133625, 0.010966754518449306, -0.007585229352116585, -0.009559915401041508, 0.041797928512096405, -0.0025844797492027283, -0.016668468713760376, 0.06482894718647003, 0.02813953161239624, 0.0017092149937525392, 0.021851995959877968, 0.02612086944282055, -0.01247862633317709, 0.01546462532132864, -0.03729180246591568, -0.04645533487200737, 0.018154369667172432, -0.04630855470895767, 0.029941249638795853, -0.03305131942033768, -0.023110542446374893, 0.05004510283470154, 0.0748511552810669, 0.00938319880515337, -0.06256606429815292, -0.010466801933944225, -0.044493403285741806, 0.01468414906412363, 0.01216161996126175, -0.013788299635052681, 0.05801110714673996, -0.011037798598408699, 0.055524639785289764, 0.00020281756587792188, 0.050056129693984985, -0.007694052532315254, -0.05062566325068474, -0.018454456701874733, -0.04154723137617111, 0.0023137300740927458, 0.06482565402984619, 0.001779142883606255, 0.03581003099679947, 0.027775103226304054, -0.054875947535037994, -0.019981753081083298, -0.003980183973908424, 0.022527100518345833, -0.0049242423847317696, 0.026651842519640923, -0.032739412039518356, 0.03754710778594017, -0.034248340874910355, -0.023281186819076538, 0.12655755877494812, 0.06806306540966034, 0.009881142526865005, -0.048300012946128845, 0.06353717297315598, 0.006672638468444347, 0.014192631468176842, -0.04174838587641716, -0.00883722398430109, -0.01770911179482937, -0.017604144290089607, 0.03226464241743088, 0.02451649308204651, 0.011558393016457558, 0.022111907601356506, 0.03630596399307251, -0.0288856104016304, -0.034093648195266724, -0.006522088777273893, 0.0037783202715218067, 0.009079203009605408, -0.02202317677438259, -0.0061928872019052505, 0.02525792084634304, 0.0022898539900779724, -0.053408119827508926, -0.03314531594514847, 0.002586216200143099, 0.03129551187157631, 0.01968950219452381, -0.04068766161799431, -0.0018177072051912546, 0.02229265309870243, 0.011181325651705265, 0.007196092512458563, -0.016254225745797157, 0.019528498873114586, -0.04468539357185364, 0.011452543549239635, 0.011831134557723999, -0.004869018215686083, -0.0038361442275345325, 0.015417440794408321, 0.002516488078981638, -0.07001514732837677, -0.0035820824559777975, -0.038773953914642334, 0.04403844103217125, 0.01894538290798664, -0.04953094944357872, -0.029479818418622017, -0.0060468208976089954, -0.0008146504987962544, -0.030360979959368706, 0.015771646052598953, 0.03728391230106354, 0.008818970061838627, -0.04843098297715187, 0.001910824910737574, 0.008154693059623241, -0.0019843673799186945, 0.003155536251142621, 0.007519159931689501, 0.05039507523179054, -0.012638077139854431, -0.03015836328268051, -0.013280482031404972, 0.026326240971684456, -0.018553871661424637, -0.012770130299031734, 0.009649231098592281, 0.01890217326581478, -0.035229649394750595, -0.006880412809550762, -0.016301482915878296, 0.027842584997415543, -0.015240808017551899, -0.027069365605711937, -0.009850938804447651, -0.036869242787361145, -0.030185233801603317, -0.00914450827986002, -0.027265125885605812, 0.0013021323829889297, -0.0503082349896431, 0.02395138517022133, -0.0015139849856495857, 0.010574745014309883, 0.004841828718781471, -0.005740176420658827, 0.022061150521039963, 0.08235430717468262, 0.02540147304534912, -0.032864831387996674, -0.024770725518465042, -0.011720903217792511, -0.0680612325668335, -0.017454683780670166, -0.008085179142653942, 0.054312847554683685, 0.018287483602762222, 0.01885940134525299, -0.00492717232555151, -0.009292853064835072, -0.027646008878946304, 0.016527989879250526, 0.04920394718647003, -0.048990461975336075, -0.0021759613882750273, 0.04617239534854889, 0.019780432805418968, -0.026200175285339355, 0.016596347093582153, 0.0032206166069954634, -0.02181701734662056, 0.014333191327750683, -0.07141490280628204, -0.01192265935242176, 0.023969164118170738, -0.041168879717588425, 0.050259944051504135, -0.05852525681257248, 0.015965545549988747, -0.021627822890877724, -0.04111544042825699, 0.008797172456979752, 0.013411474414169788, -0.037670884281396866, -0.013417561538517475, -0.004321896005421877, 0.05655296891927719, 0.02884235978126526, 0.023345496505498886, -0.00029100061510689557, 0.015585766173899174, 0.036012694239616394, 0.014184254221618176, 0.04133206978440285, 0.00559326121583581, 0.008837400004267693, 0.009361375123262405, -0.015024022199213505, -0.0275412630289793, 0.005016515962779522, 0.025558140128850937, 0.05011195316910744, 0.00838090106844902, -0.006625884212553501, -0.03356177359819412, 0.032032713294029236, -0.01609833538532257, -0.008715569972991943, -0.0027315050829201937, 0.000613266252912581, 0.024556590244174004, -0.015616938471794128, 0.000028077307433704846, 0.0356876477599144, -0.005431334022432566, 0.03397315368056297, 0.04623521864414215, -0.007642651908099651, -0.03680381178855896, -0.0073066530749201775, 0.00016245507868006825, -0.027495676651597023, 0.024826783686876297, -0.007787785492837429, 0.022834116593003273, 0.03777604550123215, -0.02710416354238987, 0.048483140766620636, -0.005326736252754927, 0.015962084755301476, -0.05334120988845825, -0.0632537230849266, 0.017041856423020363, 0.019961485639214516, 0.027494054287672043, 0.016295146197080612, -0.023814909160137177, 0.005136303137987852, -0.036849115043878555, 0.01978170871734619, -0.0016575391637161374, 0.0002425030106678605, -0.015674378722906113, -0.018466679379343987, -0.03697601705789566, 0.008643011562526226, -0.003460000967606902, -0.004737086594104767, 0.06647615134716034, 0.0498017780482769, -0.010692445561289787, -0.023360738530755043, -0.02130804769694805, 0.008794651366770267, 0.016979629173874855, -0.050371646881103516, 0.04306803643703461, -0.03929266706109047, 0.009815231896936893, 0.02173871360719204, -0.008074535056948662, 0.03387581557035446, 0.029081013053655624, 0.01710422709584236, 0.004871521610766649, 0.04535859823226929, 0.01830342970788479, 0.04408958926796913, -0.002891985699534416, -0.03383210673928261, 0.02956770732998848, 0.008527844212949276, 0.039393480867147446, 0.002326370682567358, 0.03277398273348808, -0.02576041966676712, 0.04001051187515259, -0.024762732908129692, -0.002934712450951338, -0.007219051010906696, 0.007341994438320398, -0.0020638189744204283, -0.014172352850437164, -0.013292948715388775, 0.030484719201922417, -0.055999502539634705, -0.0012494432739913464, 0.03828458860516548, 0.04141141101717949, -0.03532419726252556, -0.012107893824577332, -0.019007297232747078, -0.01713062822818756, 0.024253886193037033, 0.016808481886982918, -0.00939953699707985, -0.05287381261587143, 0.010479112155735493, 0.004767444916069508, -0.05487913638353348, -0.07888443022966385, 0.014746682718396187, -0.041728340089321136, 0.01019161008298397, -0.045607876032590866, -0.024167215451598167, -0.009361699223518372, -0.02577029913663864, 0.020838303491473198, -0.11495859175920486, 0.07419844716787338, 0.035295840352773666, -0.025151366367936134, -0.03317777067422867, -0.038989149034023285, -0.04338711127638817, 0.0018195882439613342, 0.0731297954916954, -0.018797392025589943, -0.005483287386596203, 0.006617056671530008, 0.01627853885293007, 0.031693167984485626, -0.014588463120162487, 0.0789898931980133, -0.019611768424510956, -0.004279284738004208, -0.0008292359998449683, 0.011788659729063511, -0.0077540213242173195, -0.007733480539172888, 0.018582787364721298, -0.025273872539401054, 0.011153517290949821, 0.023210741579532623, -0.00198711478151381, 0.00008735086157685146, -0.022365542128682137, -0.02263876050710678, 0.07057728618383408, -0.006675427313894033, 0.007591601461172104, 0.02336927317082882, -0.0020591237116605043, -0.11194086819887161, -0.0019281026907265186, -0.028324181213974953, -0.007249567192047834, -0.05504855886101723, 0.0011140465503558517, 0.005758719053119421, -0.06051652878522873, 0.025328408926725388, 0.012967175804078579, -0.022379783913493156, -0.01957596465945244, 0.04355418682098389, 0.021044546738266945, 0.013228842988610268, -0.0018734022742137313, 0.0511837862432003, -0.05988433584570885, -0.031960077583789825, 0.02275868132710457, -0.015944331884384155, 0.05806230381131172, 0.011864474043250084, -0.00847087986767292, 0.07612919807434082, -0.001303102937527001, -0.010104211047291756, -0.005860141944140196, 0.0062036821618676186, -0.04987982288002968, -0.022873759269714355, 0.035998571664094925, -0.017177684232592583, 0.018411969766020775, -0.0012707050191238523, -0.007976315915584564, 0.0490034855902195, -0.013296936638653278, 0.01377955637872219, -0.023536317050457, 0.03388194739818573, -0.011552928946912289, 0.016070527955889702, -0.017752228304743767, 0.028363997116684914, 0.002441737800836563, 0.010508239269256592, -0.006554290186613798, -0.01910928636789322, 0.030214549973607063, -0.0040171085856854916, -0.01857888698577881, 0.03075583465397358, -0.017543720081448555, -0.016156772151589394, -0.02093474753201008, -0.019272906705737114, -0.02858300693333149, 0.04675494134426117, 0.02117771841585636, 0.004443734884262085, -0.01200072281062603, -0.031063472852110863, -0.02237081155180931, 0.0634213387966156, -0.07257331162691116, -0.014607802033424377, -0.04103320837020874, -0.0017103510908782482, 0.05237055942416191, 0.009382105432450771 ]
<p>I want to simulate or calculate probabilities of combinations of group membership for different sample sizes (e.g., n= 3, 4, 5, 10, or 100) for two groups (of the same sample size). Each outcome could be male/female and young/old. The population is 50% male and 50% young.</p> <p>What is the probability of getting: </p> <p>all male in Group 1 AND all female in Group 2 </p> <p>OR </p> <p>all male in Group 2 AND all female in Group 1 </p> <p>OR </p> <p>all young in Group 1 AND all old in Group 2</p> <p>OR </p> <p>all young in Group 2 AND all old in Group 1</p> <p>I would also like to be able to include additional categories (e.g., eats their vegetables, doesn't eat their vegetables) and be able to choose the percent of the population that falls into one category or the other. The categories can be independent of each other, but it would be better if there was the ability to make membership dependent (e.g., females eat their vegetables 70% of the time and males 50% of the time). It would also be better if this was not limited to categories with 2 types (e.g., be able to do 4th, 5th, or 6th grader).</p> <p>My goal is to calculate the probability of getting completely unbalanced groups for different combinations of confounds and I can't figure out how to do this with R. This is an expansion on <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/74350/is-randomization-reliable-with-small-samples">this question</a>, but the approach used there is slow for large sample sizes and sort of convoluted.</p> <p><strong>Edit:</strong></p> <p>Reworded question: There are two groups that are independent samples from the same population of gradeschoolers, call them treatment and control. The population consists of 50% males, 50% females, 25% each in 3rd-6th grade. There are equal number of males and females in each grade. Also 75% of females eat vegetables, while only 50% of males eat vegetables regardless of schoolgrade. </p> <p>For different sample sizes I want to calculate the chance of getting</p> <p>All males in one group (treatment/control) while there are all females in the other</p> <p>OR</p> <p>All students of the same grade in one group while the second group consists of all students of the same grade but different than the first. For example all 3rd graders in the treatment group and all 6th graders in the control group.</p> <p>OR</p> <p>All vegetable eaters in one group and all non-vegetable eaters in the second group.</p>
74,090
[ -0.04866895079612732, -0.01868615671992302, 0.005584069062024355, -0.0017166391480714083, 0.04292137175798416, -0.002367009874433279, -0.02157420478761196, -0.04666845500469208, 0.03276900202035904, -0.012134401127696037, 0.056107450276613235, 0.0680423304438591, 0.046407900750637054, 0.06690531969070435, -0.013595789670944214, 0.01574539951980114, 0.006506926845759153, 0.016344774514436722, -0.001257386989891529, -0.007583198137581348, -0.01728818006813526, 0.0014580236747860909, -0.00580508541315794, -0.040036432445049286, -0.012753334827721119, 0.06209983676671982, 0.0313720777630806, -0.04689045995473862, -0.013227046467363834, 0.06135448068380356, -0.07256614416837692, -0.002509741112589836, 0.03953779488801956, 0.022328978404402733, 0.019914351403713226, 0.009472183883190155, -0.007794525939971209, -0.030435480177402496, -0.016600554808974266, 0.026974692940711975, -0.06095011532306671, 0.03138067573308945, -0.01961345411837101, 0.003562396625056863, -0.017550479620695114, 0.05890118330717087, 0.010274296626448631, 0.017447687685489655, 0.019037950783967972, -0.03547608107328415, 0.04569613188505173, 0.0032022660598158836, 0.04904836416244507, 0.01962326280772686, -0.023691322654485703, -0.014970377087593079, 0.03179793059825897, 0.07274991273880005, -0.007499272469431162, -0.03528671711683273, -0.0046607861295342445, -0.025253815576434135, -0.009601166471838951, -0.043742820620536804, -0.023782020434737206, -0.01945805363357067, 0.008870884776115417, -0.006858326029032469, 0.02263633720576763, -0.010224559344351292, 0.057463500648736954, 0.010096479207277298, 0.04199880361557007, 0.0019304405432194471, 0.0020509755704551935, -0.017567839473485947, 0.012293090112507343, 0.005226269364356995, 0.056587621569633484, 0.005559299606829882, -0.030857469886541367, 0.028807569295167923, 0.028917811810970306, 0.009244075044989586, 0.015666598454117775, -0.029444396495819092, 0.06817924231290817, -0.015850599855184555, 0.014014904387295246, 0.005420552100986242, -0.01880478486418724, -0.010383264161646366, 0.04635625332593918, 0.030451377853751183, -0.03267265856266022, 0.037620604038238525, 0.0008971407660283148, 0.038850754499435425, -0.015878742560744286, 0.047040507197380066, -0.013794156722724438, -0.04184150695800781, 0.029641684144735336, 0.06780455261468887, -0.02849491313099861, -0.026873745024204254, -0.026795467361807823, -0.017337113618850708, -0.012070165947079659, -0.005772844422608614, 0.04140222445130348, 0.015246878378093243, -0.005580443423241377, -0.015501000918447971, 0.023740585893392563, -0.027879886329174042, -0.010735846124589443, -0.03462004289031029, 0.046650148928165436, 0.05972821265459061, 0.03399741277098656, -0.02771315723657608, 0.023452624678611755, -0.03376112878322601, -0.03592308610677719, 0.012292291037738323, 0.0031523655634373426, 0.01869574747979641, -0.02845599316060543, 0.06139340624213219, 0.0266455989331007, -0.0223985705524683, 0.024657050147652626, -0.024084949865937233, 0.015175490640103817, -0.015347342006862164, -0.059681911021471024, -0.08010584115982056, 0.046802081167697906, -0.011213007383048534, -0.03348994627594948, -0.05373720824718475, 0.019201532006263733, 0.018974050879478455, 0.018016526475548744, -0.02439875900745392, 0.03407669812440872, 0.008540722541511059, 0.055368632078170776, 0.047089047729969025, -0.01847115159034729, 0.02969459630548954, -0.04176035895943642, 0.02791370265185833, -0.03208276256918907, -0.1007138192653656, 0.06557919085025787, -0.0012120524188503623, -0.005971044301986694, 0.004559994209557772, 0.013315374962985516, -0.014768858440220356, -0.022965537384152412, -0.013115260750055313, 0.009967885911464691, 0.0038990334141999483, 0.07594486325979233, 0.0055558145977556705, 0.03676407411694527, -0.006688745692372322, -0.060427553951740265, 0.01289314404129982, 0.032038964331150055, 0.025496188551187515, -0.0013883088249713182, -0.004373154602944851, -0.009079373441636562, -0.044700492173433304, 0.011297372169792652, 0.014352886937558651, -0.030697686597704887, -0.033177439123392105, -0.025918463245034218, -0.026350684463977814, 0.0228403452783823, -0.016091903671622276, 0.03838576003909111, -0.01754615642130375, 0.003690317738801241, -0.04081875458359718, -0.06615033000707626, -0.08802584558725357, -0.02504654787480831, -0.019414519891142845, -0.04388111084699631, 0.009360067546367645, 0.004613051190972328, 0.013126937672495842, 0.004247335717082024, -0.03427039459347725, -0.044295936822891235, 0.023829501122236252, 0.024098549038171768, -0.045166973024606705, -0.0019586123526096344, 0.058561209589242935, 0.052033331245183945, -0.025773311033844948, 0.04197579622268677, -0.03177344799041748, -0.04603903368115425, -0.030467161908745766, -0.032195694744586945, 0.012313999235630035, -0.011769531294703484, -0.028158890083432198, 0.017403006553649902, -0.010754751972854137, -0.021433178335428238, 0.03510905057191849, -0.04896058887243271, 0.04871535673737526, 0.07106629014015198, 0.006543575786054134, 0.014965602196753025, 0.019724516198039055, 0.018713664263486862, -0.014319617301225662, -0.0003035361005458981, 0.0032502675894647837, -0.059126656502485275, 0.01480936910957098, 0.03558634966611862, -0.0030666785314679146, -0.034158140420913696, 0.019763009622693062, 0.038724083453416824, -0.014361255802214146, -0.0007613230845890939, 0.005895798094570637, 0.0024386136792600155, -0.020626623183488846, 0.009724242612719536, 0.0006695554475300014, 0.03849228471517563, -0.00985019188374281, 0.0056442818604409695, -0.017999684438109398, 0.05463419482111931, 0.018491549417376518, -0.029419047757983208, 0.024710437282919884, 0.06158142536878586, 0.029482262209057808, -0.00834373664110899, -0.021027585491538048, 0.02054641768336296, 0.005420879926532507, -0.004373932722955942, 0.053575482219457626, 0.019250167533755302, -0.0013500316999852657, -0.010686075314879417, -0.023859625682234764, -0.01216486468911171, 0.044758379459381104, -0.024153592064976692, 0.025624314323067665, 0.002970617963001132, -0.005732246208935976, 0.008024096488952637, 0.026631101965904236, -0.016626937314867973, -0.044770512729883194, -0.007564320228993893, 0.025393769145011902, -0.010952895507216454, 0.0062747979536652565, -0.020650658756494522, 0.009955445304512978, 0.02391047589480877, 0.006169777829200029, 0.02925734966993332, -0.003925330936908722, -0.06770559400320053, -0.02484438195824623, -0.017535272985696793, -0.026573773473501205, -0.0023081039544194937, 0.014589352533221245, -0.06530729681253433, 0.01923244260251522, 0.010253163985908031, -0.04971690848469734, -0.030653610825538635, -0.01969880983233452, -0.021983496844768524, -0.049978576600551605, -0.007578400894999504, 0.011809851974248886, 0.020887674763798714, -0.050262439996004105, 0.021119343116879463, -0.021067460998892784, 0.0012127220397815108, -0.0315893329679966, -0.0011721935588866472, -0.0018874328816309571, 0.006053779739886522, -0.05296876281499863, 0.02243219129741192, 0.026983875781297684, 0.011944838799536228, -0.06195583567023277, -0.047040194272994995, 0.01276995986700058, 0.02476702257990837, 0.05692075192928314, 0.018647046759724617, 0.013231901451945305, 0.06588029116392136, 0.022995224222540855, -0.01203104481101036, -0.04511474072933197, 0.005387168377637863, -0.05016770213842392, -0.007939345203340054, 0.05346085503697395, 0.00025764681049622595, -0.01725153997540474, -0.0035061449743807316, 0.008115623146295547, -0.013252923265099525, 0.057486314326524734, -0.005380885675549507, 0.02275494672358036, 0.01944166235625744, -0.021388517692685127, -0.018590319901704788, 0.042900435626506805, 0.019055070355534554, -0.04181717336177826, -0.01581488735973835, -0.03228865563869476, 0.01288310531526804, -0.0019107941770926118, -0.06928879767656326, -0.009570924565196037, -0.01716434769332409, 0.023617826402187347, -0.03666737303137779, 0.06791684776544571, 0.014555717818439007, -0.030348654836416245, 0.015895523130893707, -0.001559344120323658, 0.06522707641124725, -0.04240945726633072, -0.016023078933358192, 0.05927842855453491, 0.061041075736284256, -0.028955571353435516, 0.0011180128203704953, -0.011907120235264301, 0.014292790554463863, 0.01902221143245697, -0.0142207657918334, -0.038939524441957474, 0.046598706394433975, 0.05856342986226082, -0.014508466236293316, 0.0010620537213981152, -0.023203393444418907, -0.013396983966231346, -0.06909467279911041, 0.014376160688698292, -0.0762210339307785, 0.033371567726135254, -0.005766985937952995, 0.03243744745850563, -0.024230189621448517, -0.01666169799864292, -0.046151164919137955, 6.89935461650748e-7, -0.06187444180250168, 0.04737213999032974, 0.009557983838021755, -0.009454791434109211, 0.009955672547221184, -0.006923678331077099, 0.04259675741195679, 0.008113454096019268, -0.002162592252716422, 0.0032790869008749723, 0.0021460847929120064, 0.005220827180892229, 0.004592159762978554, 0.0020479774102568626, -0.02013573981821537, 0.025793854147195816, 0.013748330995440483, 0.015783507376909256, 0.007591286674141884, 0.03536078706383705, -0.0018122317269444466, 0.010694261640310287, -0.02879730798304081, -0.04208355024456978, 0.004869065713137388, 0.018722951412200928, 0.050541508942842484, 0.01934366300702095, 0.047380853444337845, -0.04164421930909157, -0.0028701743576675653, -0.004088275600224733, 0.04611974209547043, 0.05739840865135193, -0.007632227148860693, -0.019276628270745277, -0.03554593771696091, -0.012444022111594677, -0.011611850000917912, 0.009281903505325317, -0.01211174950003624, -0.0332375168800354, 0.038770128041505814, 0.023460596799850464, -0.06305777281522751, 0.013198182918131351, 0.015772491693496704, -0.0008199877920560539, -0.026663154363632202, -0.0357709638774395, 0.027057597413659096, -0.0079836780205369, 0.016484426334500313, 0.011154724285006523, 0.040760550647974014, 0.00216590310446918, -0.007471286226063967, 0.03727372735738754, 0.004096528980880976, -0.02860092930495739, 0.01861092448234558, -0.009955539368093014, 0.02484842762351036, 0.005008882377296686, -0.05844889581203461, -0.017390208318829536, 0.03395751118659973, 0.016951462253928185, 0.026090726256370544, 0.0035864494275301695, -0.04629332944750786, 0.023206589743494987, 0.057246431708335876, 0.07177221029996872, -0.07531539350748062, 0.006671134382486343, -0.02226027473807335, -0.027617214247584343, 0.021994734182953835, -0.027743028476834297, 0.01139252632856369, -0.04488808289170265, 0.017448337748646736, -0.011703833937644958, -0.04574958235025406, -0.03827362880110741, 0.011150808073580265, -0.055063314735889435, 0.002444920828565955, -0.00582208763808012, -0.03271849825978279, -0.032477401196956635, -0.012909303419291973, 0.04258647933602333, 0.049619730561971664, -0.043175071477890015, -0.008556828834116459, 0.011053606867790222, 0.0034508495591580868, -0.01869187317788601, -0.06488402187824249, 0.021730737760663033, -0.020406309515237808, -0.002544875256717205, 0.06290063261985779, -0.03616543859243393, 0.011901515536010265, 0.023757794871926308, 0.02699250541627407, -0.00932356622070074, -0.000010846091754501686, -0.02563709393143654, 0.06224803626537323, 0.008657475933432579, 0.008335940539836884, 0.04658709838986397, 0.04184773564338684, 0.023746568709611893, 0.008442526683211327, -0.02376089245080948, 0.0149155892431736, -0.0015506806084886193, -0.018932120874524117, -0.04890991002321243, -0.051135264337062836, -0.006056807469576597, 0.026081884279847145, 0.0076011596247553825, 0.016444463282823563, -0.027573661878705025, -0.013914532028138638, 0.025209883227944374, -0.0023899157531559467, 0.01874522492289543, 0.011632231064140797, 0.0040853554382920265, -0.0008838954963721335, 0.05275043100118637, -0.016750607639551163, 0.04358278587460518, -0.01119790505617857, 0.025930441915988922, -0.015295034274458885, -0.058004360646009445, -0.012150159105658531, -0.02948220632970333, -0.008390584960579872, -0.021999644115567207, -0.005388583522289991, 0.025855589658021927, -0.011311618611216545, 0.08067774772644043, -0.010799556039273739, -0.045510031282901764, -0.04549052566289902, 0.06234756484627724, 0.004459485411643982, 0.015649618580937386, -0.007138626649975777, 0.03499405458569527, -0.005692875012755394, -0.011562395840883255, -0.046383678913116455, -0.028877250850200653, 0.00925795640796423, 0.012548473663628101, -0.019560838118195534, -0.05362526327371597, -0.027871625497937202, -0.00703007448464632, -0.015711719170212746, -0.011639746837317944, 0.05464732646942139, -0.03253787010908127, 0.020374450832605362, -0.043783534318208694, -0.020764928311109543, 0.07385913282632828, 0.018351949751377106, 0.022507350891828537, 0.004881007131189108, -0.022675994783639908, -0.0038763026241213083, -0.0007248740294016898, -0.037597041577100754, -0.0335756279528141, -0.03635571151971817, -0.005145150702446699, -0.0009435723768547177, 0.030822517350316048, 0.006690334994345903, -0.04663074016571045, 0.01369517482817173, -0.018186330795288086, 0.003919904585927725, -0.07637184113264084, 0.006925228983163834, 0.016993293538689613, -0.009536074474453926, -0.05816522613167763, 0.026805955916643143, 0.0015153824351727962, -0.0170060433447361, 0.010438881814479828, -0.011448956094682217, -0.06206655874848366, -0.0015683926176279783, 0.07754886150360107, -0.02169128693640232, 0.005479055922478437, -0.002650453243404627, -0.01410710159689188, 0.043825432658195496, 0.0033940200228244066, -0.056652188301086426, 0.02851971983909607, 0.03830161318182945, 0.001157917664386332, -0.0023283767513930798, -0.03090112842619419, -0.0171811543405056, 0.035905446857213974, -0.00907967984676361, 0.0407051146030426, 0.056726790964603424, -0.014563924632966518, -0.003401622176170349, -0.024036172777414322, -0.009103727526962757, 0.01680751144886017, 0.010801013559103012, 0.038797151297330856, -0.01647133193910122, 0.007013803813606501, 0.04336980730295181, -0.010728282853960991, 0.0256284661591053, 0.03744072467088699, 0.033549655228853226, 0.013289185240864754, 0.027172211557626724, -0.02800634317100048, -0.027099039405584335, 0.021435488015413284, -0.05570278689265251, -0.001180156017653644, -0.04385516047477722, -0.04575856402516365, 0.029604190960526466, 0.008870262652635574, -0.04448183998465538, -0.03569815680384636, -0.003907766658812761, -0.07123082131147385, 0.006301700137555599, 0.01995699293911457, 0.008762228302657604, 0.010593032464385033, 0.007924330420792103, 0.047779593616724014, -0.016873182728886604, 0.025441603735089302, -0.061968520283699036, -0.06798982620239258, -0.02100004255771637, -0.03273581340909004, -0.04170108214020729, 0.019038645550608635, 0.00855008140206337, -0.005152593366801739, -0.001183718559332192, -0.004218424670398235, 0.04931490123271942, 0.006774538662284613, 0.059543244540691376, -0.013002501800656319, 0.037039414048194885, 0.013507140800356865, 0.026515081524848938, -0.012966088019311428, -0.007863827049732208, 0.14382630586624146, 0.03140775114297867, 0.041098907589912415, -0.008863421157002449, 0.007687564007937908, 0.021867437288165092, 0.0015906787011772394, 0.004388307686895132, -0.01276769395917654, 0.012821716256439686, -0.016059966757893562, 0.04441013187170029, 0.07432889193296432, 0.047872256487607956, -0.017242027446627617, 0.05284952372312546, -0.020487722009420395, -0.015665901824831963, -0.005000602453947067, 0.010530245490372181, 0.03260684758424759, -0.0017969150794669986, -0.031557369977235794, 0.015853703022003174, 0.034932803362607956, -0.011159820482134819, -0.08935582637786865, -0.0023907346185296774, 0.0041051749140024185, -0.011739978566765785, -0.02181866392493248, -0.002027821959927678, -0.005911957006901503, 0.011404012329876423, 0.011153405532240868, -0.012162521481513977, 0.02587503008544445, -0.062084756791591644, 0.019172752276062965, 0.04291108250617981, -0.010340596549212933, -0.005676154047250748, -0.019264694303274155, 0.006041049957275391, -0.04835263639688492, -0.02662981115281582, -0.034329239279031754, 0.044226303696632385, -0.006351726595312357, -0.007931471802294254, 0.0157728623598814, 0.021295707672834396, 0.012831884436309338, -0.00644341018050909, -0.02355290949344635, 0.018002379685640335, 0.04313964769244194, -0.02320297807455063, -0.012926981784403324, -0.017206639051437378, 0.020510107278823853, -0.019971057772636414, 0.04361669346690178, 0.029273394495248795, -0.028648633509874344, -0.05512339249253273, -0.03691517561674118, 0.029812056571245193, 0.03589274734258652, 0.0099863912910223, 0.02779684029519558, -0.017840128391981125, -0.026893390342593193, 0.010970566421747208, 0.0061879344284534454, 0.0634152963757515, 0.03412186726927757, -0.020495330914855003, -0.02853045053780079, 0.01534718181937933, -0.0005801033112220466, -0.0029467809945344925, -0.035716526210308075, -0.0030247503891587257, -0.03291032835841179, 0.004573150537908077, -0.01168008241802454, 0.020738886669278145, 0.009830132126808167, 0.021092988550662994, -0.0019428434316068888, 0.018825126811861992, 0.012205548584461212, -0.05143523961305618, -0.04352981224656105, 0.00274367886595428, -0.033716607838869095, 0.008532763458788395, 0.015592718496918678, 0.04875096306204796, -0.01596146635711193, 0.02785978838801384, 0.026201803237199783, 0.025751911103725433, 0.016701988875865936, 0.0007719481363892555, 0.017319271340966225, -0.06631854176521301, -0.01037118025124073, 0.02952670305967331, 0.00010780715820146725, -0.029317449778318405, 0.0014371154829859734, -0.047815099358558655, -0.051790934056043625, 0.027927426621317863, -0.04476948827505112, -0.007256186567246914, 0.011233805678784847, -0.01795121841132641, 0.021424828097224236, 0.0018202097853645682, 0.00883542001247406, -0.030167918652296066, -0.037935856729745865, -0.0011513815261423588, -0.0228962991386652, 0.005600545089691877, 0.02025465853512287, 0.003643368138000369, 0.0168241485953331, 0.044866811484098434, 0.011646260507404804, 0.00814445223659277, 0.02418122999370098, 0.03425765410065651, 0.018409082666039467, 0.04908233880996704, 0.0513077974319458, -0.005413623061031103, 0.0037530867848545313, -0.06499017030000687, -0.017769208177924156, -0.008855151943862438, 0.01331405621021986, 0.04007605090737343, 0.0390302911400795, -0.01065981388092041, 0.00441306596621871, 0.05716724693775177, -0.05143510177731514, -0.030596472322940826, -0.032360102981328964, 0.026218226179480553, 0.031699664890766144, -0.019938930869102478, -0.023796748369932175, 0.024032650515437126, -0.016012009233236313, 0.037077583372592926, 0.02642512321472168, 0.019239550456404686, -0.021474137902259827, 0.016141867265105247, -0.015701957046985626, 0.018909072503447533, -0.01207546703517437, 0.0032780312467366457, 0.002884817309677601, 0.048508334904909134, -0.023923562839627266, 0.04757785052061081, 0.015260497108101845, 0.03862690553069115, -0.11329058557748795, -0.0390959270298481, 0.04731473699212074, 0.01120317354798317, 0.05228019505739212, -0.05112721398472786, -0.002918099518865347, 0.01944590173661709, -0.056982606649398804, 0.012516604736447334, -0.023141274228692055, 0.009968881495296955, -0.0686681941151619, 0.04359999671578407, -0.03880402073264122, -0.01867770031094551, -0.01389735285192728, 0.041339125484228134, 0.002672225469723344, 0.0284222774207592, -0.017851633951067924, -0.03822676092386246, -0.015983441844582558, -0.025261960923671722, 0.01863800920546055, -0.05495675653219223, 0.026185622438788414, -0.009216866455972195, -0.02725621499121189, 0.00008709824032848701, 0.012369690462946892, 0.023426136001944542, 0.01342571247369051, 0.026849398389458656, -0.028893304988741875, 0.023189878091216087, 0.016289103776216507, -0.028940774500370026, 0.007561697158962488, 0.006760863121598959, 0.004699173849076033, 0.0533762201666832, -0.019593030214309692, 0.0034586486872285604, 0.04457763582468033, -0.005672077648341656, -0.018514206632971764, 0.02135288342833519, -0.004487969446927309, -0.01131140161305666, 0.01213867962360382, -0.05692344903945923, -0.04446911811828613, -0.01548005547374487, -0.0177912600338459, -0.03654405102133751, 0.029804833233356476, 0.03678033500909805, 0.014613271690905094, 0.029283707961440086, 0.01225080993026495, -0.009711292572319508, -0.012206817977130413, -0.0007020554039627314, -0.03939491882920265, 0.022289317101240158, -0.024622952565550804, 0.028045009821653366, -0.00819827988743782, 0.0004577591025736183, 0.014915869571268559, -0.005059648770838976, -0.028023501858115196, 0.02747085504233837, -0.04920850694179535, 0.0028679296374320984, 0.0017620762810111046, 0.03791045770049095, 0.02431713230907917, -0.07013190537691116, 0.047684311866760254, 0.024188393726944923, -0.018797339871525764, -0.04298214241862297, 0.014400950632989407, -0.030290912836790085, 0.04809674993157387, 0.03886886686086655, 0.0030687337275594473, 0.005298103205859661, -0.005436297971755266, 0.029023095965385437, 0.024074198678135872, -0.02407078817486763, 0.03821272403001785, -0.025572868064045906, 0.011660114862024784, -0.025965215638279915, 0.0037152806762605906, 0.016312632709741592, -0.025536781176924706, -0.0181228369474411, -0.01813005842268467, -0.001556246541440487, -0.004444632679224014, 0.004646201618015766, 0.040715292096138, 0.0005121227586641908, 0.011147959157824516, 0.027240319177508354, 0.007143465336412191, -0.01767960749566555, -0.004199194256216288, -0.004830158781260252, -0.011218365281820297, 0.010333257727324963, -0.02542673610150814, -0.0523652583360672, 0.0383954718708992, 0.018540959805250168, -0.018419116735458374, -0.05183231085538864, 0.023435445502400398, 0.005056400317698717, -0.024085015058517456, 0.0005350130377337337, 0.027694933116436005, 0.03446683660149574, 0.08535522222518921, -0.03693215176463127, 0.013142089359462261, -0.012073205783963203, -0.036695197224617004, 0.030948979780077934, -0.014651489444077015, -0.01197702158242464, 0.01836562342941761, 0.029943877831101418, 0.017525281757116318, 0.00818277895450592, 0.01711084321141243, 0.02100573107600212, 0.03033248707652092, -0.010494080372154713, -0.009204115718603134, 0.04150531813502312, -0.020017163828015327, 0.05949518084526062, 0.047865696251392365, -0.008851817809045315, 0.03868383541703224, 0.019423997029662132, 0.008266055956482887, -0.042026370763778687, -0.004716289229691029, -0.021752942353487015, -0.013653764501214027, 0.020946864038705826, 0.0329568050801754, 0.012321915477514267, 0.027204617857933044, 0.002089890418574214, -0.014711577445268631, 0.05844173580408096, -0.011062233708798885, 0.07540778070688248, -0.01075281947851181, 0.00041094928747043014, -0.001552983303554356, -0.032530736178159714, -0.0010755655821412802, -0.042858973145484924, 0.023462627083063126, 0.003314132336527109, 0.013404577039182186, -0.049941420555114746, -0.029659459367394447, 0.03762185201048851, 0.047576840966939926, -0.015327653847634792, -0.03684937208890915, -0.06879082322120667, 0.025254560634493828, 0.022393958643078804, -0.029042907059192657 ]
<p>I'm trying to add a softmax layer to a neural network trained with backpropagation, so I'm trying to compute its gradient.</p> <p>The softmax output is $h_j = \frac{e^{z_j}}{\sum{e^{z_i}}}$ where $j$ is the output neuron number.</p> <p>If I derive it then I get</p> <p>$\frac{\partial{h_j}}{\partial{z_j}}=h_j(1-h_j)$</p> <p>Similar to logistic regression. However this is wrong since my numerical gradient check fails.</p> <p>What am I doing wrong? I had a thought that I need to compute the cross derivatives as well (i.e. $\frac{\partial{h_j}}{\partial{z_k}}$) but I'm not sure how to do this and keep the dimension of the gradient the same so it will fit for the back propagation process.</p> <p>Thanks.</p>
74,091
[ -0.02230955846607685, -0.008806019090116024, -0.004217872861772776, 0.005933648440986872, 0.046995822340250015, -0.016260800883173943, -0.014898434281349182, 0.007775153964757919, 0.037375546991825104, -0.06256050616502762, 0.018201244994997978, -0.00019165374396834522, 0.07015423476696014, 0.045963238924741745, 0.022434799000620842, -0.004652613308280706, -0.025678742676973343, 0.011367022059857845, 0.02831605263054371, -0.017567794770002365, -0.0047237807884812355, 0.03901716321706772, -0.004695371724665165, -0.028415866196155548, -0.031696539372205734, 0.015590847469866276, -0.00881793349981308, 0.004041033796966076, 0.0337638296186924, 0.05284813046455383, -0.00508715957403183, -0.03380436822772026, 0.02948831021785736, 0.049513157457113266, 0.006467187311500311, 0.019496290013194084, -0.03963341563940048, -0.061223722994327545, -0.04238186776638031, 0.00030160340247675776, 0.028537627309560776, -0.011106631718575954, 0.02277933992445469, 0.0528617687523365, -0.003942369949072599, 0.031065616756677628, -0.015033123083412647, -0.0028869230300188065, 0.04022898152470589, -0.04926154389977455, 0.060921795666217804, 0.03145594894886017, 0.03944296017289162, 0.045199859887361526, -0.027543049305677414, -0.010225873440504074, 0.055219866335392, 0.06306826323270798, 0.0010405622888356447, -0.044563695788383484, 0.008662252686917782, -0.06457211822271347, 0.004923695232719183, -0.040541764348745346, -0.006087030749768019, 0.049209412187337875, -0.010934421792626381, -0.028694570064544678, 0.008360366337001324, -0.056091178208589554, 0.04050217196345329, 0.0027331174351274967, 0.0017486715223640203, -0.05165499076247215, -0.01009260956197977, -0.022964050993323326, 0.016955625265836716, 0.044098149985075, 0.03452114760875702, 0.01674436219036579, -0.00645830063149333, 0.017354028299450874, 0.02423953078687191, 0.06712733954191208, 0.010623307898640633, -0.004850963596254587, 0.0764070600271225, -0.0009117173030972481, 0.03600478544831276, 0.025159213691949844, 0.004567578434944153, 0.02707257680594921, 0.04780808091163635, -0.0239321980625391, -0.025184787809848785, 0.02984914369881153, 0.005118859000504017, 0.04767310619354248, -0.0005614727269858122, -0.02566402591764927, 0.0016030282713472843, -0.04907985031604767, -0.016931748017668724, 0.03609991446137428, -0.027432631701231003, -0.01655822992324829, -0.00950145535171032, -0.001650429330766201, 0.008359791710972786, -0.015754863619804382, -0.002083772560581565, 0.0313863642513752, 0.024127082899212837, -0.02405763790011406, 0.0047615463845431805, -0.02741077169775963, -0.03861227631568909, -0.019564135000109673, 0.004742322023957968, 0.03618977963924408, 0.03973926231265068, -0.036497343331575394, 0.018343156203627586, -0.004922570660710335, -0.05007309094071388, -0.0229629036039114, 0.030823003500699997, -0.016449637711048126, -0.04500357434153557, 0.029929211363196373, 0.00884359609335661, -0.029865816235542297, 0.029216112568974495, -0.0004620291874743998, 0.013755440711975098, -0.008528976701200008, -0.07265939563512802, -0.05818433687090874, 0.035780441015958786, -0.050043005496263504, 0.03459007292985916, -0.05677322298288345, 0.014759925194084644, 0.03546145185828209, 0.05722794309258461, 0.02293226309120655, 0.04761077091097832, 0.028936050832271576, 0.005094248801469803, 0.002100117038935423, -0.011959895491600037, -0.017891613766551018, -0.012917334213852882, -0.010866514407098293, 0.016853483393788338, -0.04369426891207695, 0.026169994845986366, -0.013540043495595455, -0.02447034977376461, -0.012675534933805466, 0.08519695699214935, 0.0027418159879744053, -0.007741696201264858, -0.013710922561585903, -0.004110119305551052, -0.04283101484179497, 0.053821515291929245, 0.021574310958385468, 0.04430093988776207, 0.0449502170085907, -0.02316199243068695, -0.022206416353583336, 0.006304693408310413, 0.032766193151474, 0.055884361267089844, -0.016205772757530212, -0.01982799544930458, -0.06274113804101944, 0.014206052757799625, 0.02303224802017212, -0.045503195375204086, -0.05948435887694359, -0.0028984558302909136, 0.017986776307225227, -0.0031260463874787092, 0.0015326314605772495, -0.016933826729655266, -0.02497737482190132, 0.011277319863438606, -0.02198644168674946, -0.033723097294569016, -0.03327746316790581, 0.01933939941227436, 0.0015788029413670301, -0.01234383974224329, 0.017032785341143608, -0.0011299243196845055, 0.05032278969883919, -0.010484951548278332, -0.03582974895834923, -0.0184036772698164, 0.017946477979421616, 0.0369500070810318, -0.010715684853494167, 0.019384942948818207, 0.04126583784818649, 0.016463423147797585, 0.017835380509495735, 0.07074454426765442, -0.027306027710437775, -0.0741177573800087, 0.016913466155529022, -0.0003919010632671416, -0.00017947153537534177, -0.03195944055914879, -0.037582267075777054, 0.0003678305947687477, -0.03292693570256233, -0.0043838899582624435, 0.03657187148928642, -0.06338124722242355, 0.0795803964138031, 0.0887618362903595, 0.01841912232339382, 0.027236873283982277, 0.01146506518125534, 0.004256997723132372, 0.03728475794196129, -0.019077077507972717, 0.010985138826072216, -0.05077887326478958, -0.02942071668803692, 0.04851055517792702, 0.002028228947892785, -0.04828758165240288, -0.018096478655934334, 0.05642146244645119, 0.012451006099581718, 0.05194394290447235, 0.037901781499385834, -0.039488114416599274, -0.02335553988814354, 0.006491729989647865, 0.025238748639822006, -0.004317198880016804, -0.026681184768676758, 0.0057619065046310425, 0.01462373323738575, 0.0506189726293087, -0.011960905976593494, -0.008513865061104298, 0.04941697418689728, -0.01875927671790123, -0.023312510922551155, -0.004625830799341202, -0.03709496185183525, 0.025898674502968788, -0.012169064953923225, -0.0005886052385903895, 0.0194694884121418, 0.011554597876966, -0.004413990769535303, -0.0007288021733984351, -0.008417286910116673, 0.014503729529678822, 0.026959558948874474, -0.0404440239071846, 0.011908788233995438, 0.021318020299077034, -0.05077331140637398, 0.006026250775903463, -0.004355683922767639, -0.01326375175267458, -0.006513320840895176, 0.022387994453310966, 0.014556125737726688, 0.01266395952552557, -0.012418586760759354, 0.003434010548517108, -0.038091499358415604, 0.012378059327602386, -0.019421948119997978, 0.03665979579091072, -0.02827639691531658, -0.04982305318117142, 0.004011570941656828, -0.02155972085893154, -0.012937622144818306, 0.054092422127723694, 0.00025782553711906075, -0.0032241831067949533, 0.02361934259533882, -0.0033294581808149815, -0.010666823014616966, -0.0371844656765461, -0.04629390686750412, 0.04043770581483841, 0.01542461197823286, -0.0048102447763085365, 0.038917917758226395, -0.012008443474769592, -0.034820690751075745, 0.026100270450115204, 0.0005151163204573095, -0.02847742661833763, -0.01750120148062706, 0.0002960240817628801, -0.008756388910114765, -0.014613406732678413, -0.005141279194504023, 0.03909691050648689, -0.018382487818598747, 0.00589012261480093, -0.09155632555484772, -0.057151250541210175, 0.011600353755056858, 0.03198070451617241, 0.008712773211300373, 0.02105712890625, -0.032923374325037, 0.09597313404083252, 0.023141035810112953, -0.01910584606230259, -0.04823528975248337, 0.017748672515153885, -0.002544982824474573, -0.06453739106655121, 0.004663466475903988, -0.025736918672919273, 0.0400477759540081, 0.028781365603208542, -0.009863533079624176, 0.022093703970313072, 0.08636049926280975, -0.03274976834654808, -0.008355009369552135, 0.01203609723597765, 0.0015859174309298396, -0.01009372342377901, 0.04845300689339638, 0.005058430600911379, -0.002875177189707756, 0.042008355259895325, 0.0065227169543504715, 0.04789970815181732, -0.015820935368537903, -0.05311588570475578, 0.02911868691444397, 0.03180408477783203, 0.007931476458907127, -0.031087739393115044, 0.02369413524866104, 0.025509638711810112, -0.0052982475608587265, 0.005152035504579544, 0.024298928678035736, 0.056837961077690125, -0.048578228801488876, 0.018301954492926598, 0.046393364667892456, 0.027080664411187172, -0.017291875556111336, -0.029426565393805504, -0.022083492949604988, 0.007862158119678497, 0.005558335222303867, 0.0030921828001737595, -0.013956342823803425, 0.02256060391664505, 0.021465329453349113, 0.015664488077163696, -0.009404512122273445, -0.008086583577096462, -0.00014957434905227274, -0.06321750581264496, -0.008631883189082146, -0.008138157427310944, 0.07683560252189636, 0.008387562818825245, 0.07567214965820312, -0.006151946261525154, 0.030274713411927223, 0.057285942137241364, 0.016911448910832405, -0.0667814314365387, 0.04393785819411278, 0.0014261595206335187, -0.023757461458444595, 0.009005696512758732, -0.04522349685430527, -0.007628906052559614, -0.030202671885490417, 0.006181718315929174, 0.018050095066428185, -0.0198921337723732, -0.022849908098578453, 0.010691865347325802, -0.04156011715531349, -0.006199708208441734, -0.025680415332317352, 0.014083288609981537, -0.008221282623708248, -0.010779870674014091, -0.028161438181996346, 0.031453125178813934, 0.037046682089567184, -0.009511788375675678, -0.041030678898096085, 0.018205508589744568, 0.0027862482238560915, 0.04821440950036049, 0.005512903444468975, 0.02506011351943016, -0.04935033246874809, 0.04049912840127945, 0.007299680262804031, 0.025175951421260834, 0.04361264407634735, 0.018922995775938034, -0.007518792990595102, -0.07282496988773346, 0.0090636583045125, 0.014958917163312435, 0.05928526073694229, 0.003556238953024149, -0.012370547279715538, 0.05197703093290329, 0.04314278066158295, -0.05155818536877632, 0.006938562262803316, 0.07562637329101562, 0.017718268558382988, -0.03790205344557762, -0.03412366658449173, 0.0031490863766521215, -0.038082730025053024, 0.01014251820743084, 0.02215356007218361, 0.007531729061156511, -0.00629461370408535, -0.014997928403317928, -0.00433866074308753, -0.024989068508148193, -0.004423410166054964, 0.003201701445505023, 0.038144394755363464, 0.02872314304113388, -0.0008612998062744737, -0.014122013002634048, -0.012639835476875305, 0.07675369083881378, 0.04782587289810181, -0.0017195554682984948, 0.018272900953888893, -0.08482585102319717, -0.013390230014920235, 0.03810553997755051, 0.007027177605777979, -0.02298811450600624, -0.015978146344423294, -0.07929930835962296, -0.026110729202628136, 0.048798177391290665, -0.00912583339959383, 0.049897514283657074, 0.0007881602505221963, 0.014115570113062859, 0.004412046167999506, -0.0043774014338850975, -0.050680011510849, 0.05138785019516945, -0.030689192935824394, 0.04516369104385376, -0.03403690829873085, 0.003659946145489812, -0.052529025822877884, 0.012634322978556156, -0.00011902973346877843, 0.07727257162332535, -0.024196740239858627, -0.038686446845531464, -0.011679570190608501, -0.003168296068906784, 0.012096397578716278, -0.05591811612248421, 0.021004192531108856, -0.004651661962270737, -0.012567313387989998, 0.008308296091854572, -0.01335439458489418, -0.02452266216278076, 0.07597702741622925, 0.03900358825922012, -0.001183557091280818, -0.030753588303923607, -0.01676037535071373, 0.054942406713962555, 0.025262290611863136, 0.01364546362310648, 0.07774035632610321, 0.006427032873034477, -0.014988468028604984, 0.01868324913084507, -0.008994178846478462, 0.013612386770546436, -0.012118720449507236, -0.03305098041892052, -0.03618741035461426, 0.004776198882609606, -0.01002595480531454, 0.006866677664220333, -0.017729876562952995, 0.023190602660179138, -0.022816834971308708, -0.015223262831568718, -0.007332968525588512, 0.022482896223664284, -0.02433706633746624, -0.032985590398311615, 0.04467877745628357, 0.014801216311752796, -0.011947236023843288, -0.006441109348088503, 0.008930770680308342, 0.005107321310788393, 0.0035877746995538473, 0.051295675337314606, -0.025945385918021202, 0.0042465790174901485, -0.004952192772179842, -0.018311740830540657, 0.040375448763370514, -0.030517512932419777, 0.03371792286634445, -0.018853172659873962, 0.05234948545694351, 0.005752647761255503, -0.0502692274749279, 0.009213093668222427, -0.015363587066531181, 0.0017624213360249996, -0.01387973316013813, -0.05800062417984009, -0.021415207535028458, 0.021205930039286613, -0.015568224713206291, -0.06771981716156006, -0.03552885726094246, 0.023194679990410805, -0.01061607152223587, -0.04410669952630997, -0.03843862935900688, -0.001066537806764245, -0.005360091105103493, -0.03161619231104851, -0.004766549449414015, 0.057498499751091, -0.01812414638698101, 0.01800832897424698, 0.0034151007421314716, 0.0025473374407738447, 0.05184462293982506, 0.0016683833673596382, 0.014476859010756016, 0.008213810622692108, -0.014532720670104027, -0.02561507560312748, 0.030076589435338974, 0.02618575654923916, -0.016819484531879425, -0.0005695543950423598, 0.011393574066460133, -0.01305394433438778, 0.053760237991809845, -0.011753862723708153, -0.005745979957282543, 0.0002822958631440997, 0.011543294414877892, -0.021987812593579292, -0.058643341064453125, 0.005044692661613226, 0.01574680209159851, -0.012664379552006721, -0.029526373371481895, -0.02465752325952053, -0.04886317998170853, -0.04140807315707207, 0.019367588683962822, 0.016224950551986694, 0.01763102039694786, -0.003035953501239419, 0.07484794408082962, -0.008640051819384098, -0.00765248341485858, 0.008655279874801636, -0.03384699299931526, 0.06759081035852432, 0.012098844163119793, 0.0013857042649760842, 0.0030643949285149574, 0.014561152085661888, -0.046990085393190384, -0.00323297968134284, -0.02829412743449211, 0.025612037628889084, 0.042847707867622375, -0.021206798031926155, 0.0454183891415596, 0.01730392314493656, 0.026103869080543518, 0.011313852854073048, 0.014519888907670975, -0.039805710315704346, 0.011291171424090862, 0.009420235641300678, 0.05135596543550491, 0.01950732432305813, -0.00571421580389142, 0.02007332071661949, 0.02510789781808853, -0.013486472889780998, 0.012098551727831364, -0.035883985459804535, 0.011499919928610325, 0.01312070619314909, -0.010745297186076641, -0.05808248743414879, 0.03317534923553467, -0.024815168231725693, 0.01897955685853958, -0.011077864095568657, -0.04701186344027519, 0.0538661852478981, 0.03643904626369476, 0.018522953614592552, -0.0387997142970562, -0.03605163097381592, 0.004581997636705637, -0.004196485970169306, 0.02742149494588375, 0.017350126057863235, 0.011226422153413296, 0.04483932629227638, 0.001923378324136138, -0.02046665921807289, 0.011241334490478039, -0.01080820057541132, -0.05641067028045654, -0.020474068820476532, -0.05139334872364998, -0.05905973166227341, 0.008893267251551151, 0.0383090041577816, -0.038976941257715225, 0.014064298011362553, 0.003930274862796068, 0.05023927986621857, -0.0034206141717731953, 0.021326424553990364, 0.05159445479512215, 0.0640948936343193, 0.03482528403401375, -0.0013757606502622366, 0.02263563498854637, 0.00754384184256196, 0.1005028560757637, 0.09228883683681488, 0.020273597911000252, -0.06353731453418732, 0.026269130408763885, -0.04766613617539406, -0.022965185344219208, -0.047414883971214294, 0.022798066958785057, -0.0036283982917666435, 0.017336631193757057, -0.011576821096241474, 0.01265517994761467, 0.019008828327059746, -0.013963432051241398, 0.06091388687491417, -0.03370438888669014, -0.018905965611338615, 0.018737975507974625, 0.02400682121515274, 0.013087471015751362, -0.029139481484889984, -0.05050789192318916, -0.012958569452166557, 0.004227379336953163, -0.027667421847581863, -0.046786531805992126, 0.008012213744223118, 0.011988668702542782, -0.01697801798582077, -0.038498081266880035, -0.02330528013408184, -0.006947494577616453, 0.020467789843678474, 0.017856096848845482, 0.022104350849986076, -0.0024903493467718363, 0.004965789616107941, 0.02646552585065365, 0.021934162825345993, 0.05236687883734703, 0.007966943085193634, 0.010206966660916805, -0.004371210001409054, -0.019520891830325127, -0.02176601067185402, -0.042268186807632446, 0.05943311005830765, 0.0050381761975586414, -0.015877539291977882, 0.009817219339311123, 0.01628767140209675, -0.0036269365809857845, -0.04864371195435524, -0.01193561777472496, 0.01694919541478157, 0.014872251078486443, 0.012985588982701302, -0.005537060089409351, 0.00629380252212286, 0.006473312620073557, 0.011452731676399708, -0.009300936944782734, 0.00204146234318614, -0.0574924573302269, 0.00468701496720314, -0.03329275920987129, 0.02739495225250721, -0.030260320752859116, -0.04041663557291031, -0.0006143066566437483, -0.021526705473661423, -0.03424840047955513, -0.02070055715739727, 0.019988758489489555, -0.006899618543684483, 0.007595601957291365, 0.00003369073965586722, -0.0243545975536108, -0.013490045443177223, -0.03504602611064911, 0.0022730298805981874, 0.0060124327428638935, 0.014935552142560482, -0.03767534717917442, -0.007402745075523853, 0.014022782444953918, 0.04593753069639206, 0.010968536138534546, 0.00044408056419342756, -0.00889975018799305, -0.0013527710689231753, 0.00733414851129055, -0.03876948356628418, -0.019745631143450737, 0.012248305603861809, -0.03495083749294281, 0.026306556537747383, -0.023567650467157364, 0.018939809873700142, 0.033623989671468735, 0.04898753762245178, -0.00944436900317669, 0.033683083951473236, -0.009631456807255745, 0.002963130595162511, 0.01595853827893734, -0.03697880357503891, 0.030234836041927338, -0.008427138440310955, 0.018952520564198494, -0.05110834166407585, -0.01794099062681198, -0.06117251515388489, -0.052951231598854065, 0.011770088225603104, 0.016849664971232414, -0.03586044907569885, -0.033608343452215195, 0.003263586899265647, 0.02603824809193611, -0.008194529451429844, 0.020004747435450554, -0.006511413026601076, 0.03380347788333893, -0.01804959774017334, -0.02153482474386692, -0.03443024307489395, 0.01811728999018669, -0.027899639680981636, -0.012465482577681541, 0.045522481203079224, 0.03503873571753502, 0.0043996418826282024, 0.011967351660132408, 0.027200955897569656, -0.004844413138926029, 0.033574335277080536, 0.0003215291944798082, -0.02894004061818123, -0.004880942869931459, -0.020351843908429146, -0.05033939704298973, 0.03744365647435188, -0.02455224096775055, 0.04453017935156822, 0.04804401844739914, -0.021610355004668236, -0.007840288802981377, 0.0262326467782259, 0.009039098396897316, 0.007572634145617485, -0.028824305161833763, -0.02105342410504818, -0.02793593890964985, -0.02351275086402893, 0.003386961529031396, -0.008738132193684578, 0.032020118087530136, -0.018193909898400307, -0.003484762506559491, -0.00412499625235796, -0.024222761392593384, 0.036349110305309296, 0.0007463283254764974, -0.0066367886029183865, 0.0258797574788332, -0.022740701213479042, 0.019038917496800423, 0.054298948496580124, -0.01182430237531662, -0.010689005255699158, 0.002145997015759349, 0.03153713047504425, -0.09182732552289963, -0.01674785278737545, -0.012778058648109436, -0.009911609813570976, 0.014203623868525028, -0.06997671723365784, 0.04878142103552818, 0.009552697651088238, -0.05721300095319748, 0.01632445864379406, -0.006534416228532791, -0.032344602048397064, 0.006306060589849949, -0.0034878745209425688, 0.039216287434101105, 0.01568949595093727, 0.041405294090509415, 0.04033893346786499, 0.02822752855718136, 0.0019083860097452998, -0.033113885670900345, -0.00462309317663312, -0.043814294040203094, 0.03334944322705269, 0.024129625409841537, -0.030923807993531227, 0.035865332931280136, -0.01496335119009018, -0.0519200898706913, -0.005291321314871311, -0.030318737030029297, -0.02144739404320717, 0.04442601650953293, 0.043561048805713654, 0.03813755512237549, 0.04541118070483208, 0.030141517519950867, 0.009223276749253273, -0.010228867642581463, 0.009710400365293026, 0.029679017141461372, 0.018067143857479095, -0.028424866497516632, 0.019158584997057915, 0.050143301486968994, 0.04451199248433113, -0.037591297179460526, 0.017553430050611496, -0.03697905316948891, -0.009976876899600029, -0.03398061543703079, -0.02820151299238205, 0.0214824415743351, -0.04998481646180153, 0.02989993430674076, -0.04263198748230934, -0.007098569069057703, 0.024297300726175308, 0.02287372201681137, -0.04993392527103424, -0.026523936539888382, 0.002577443141490221, -0.05418310686945915, 0.0008070845506154001, -0.006212546955794096, -0.008839714340865612, -0.04915096238255501, 0.01481450442224741, 0.01067983079701662, -0.04045950621366501, -0.031197309494018555, -0.039347440004348755, -0.05454659089446068, 0.05189938470721245, 0.00330488383769989, 0.004315223544836044, 0.0280606746673584, -0.028330808505415916, 0.02880866266787052, -0.0895044356584549, 0.03640672564506531, 0.014628134667873383, -0.04231853410601616, 0.007654394023120403, -0.001397256157360971, -0.042047444730997086, -0.023345988243818283, 0.08151543885469437, -0.012941614724695683, -0.0009122802293859422, -0.009441555477678776, 0.062086958438158035, 0.02365463599562645, -0.054769933223724365, 0.022648092359304428, -0.010562960989773273, -0.05136161297559738, -0.06645070761442184, -0.005995447747409344, -0.030961040407419205, 0.034304022789001465, 0.002637147204950452, 0.013867498375475407, -0.018138263374567032, -0.007818270474672318, -0.022452039644122124, 0.016955707222223282, -0.030435889959335327, -0.014465286396443844, 0.0678468719124794, -0.010863135568797588, -0.015626046806573868, 0.027144379913806915, 0.014925118535757065, -0.07505940645933151, -0.010902760550379753, -0.02032908797264099, 0.004059725906699896, -0.0434562973678112, 0.03180525079369545, 0.03817082569003105, -0.054747018963098526, -0.0010937073966488242, 0.04953223094344139, -0.009349827654659748, 0.014292609877884388, 0.06877750158309937, 0.032641902565956116, -0.01936207339167595, -0.00991370715200901, 0.004459154326468706, 0.017602065578103065, -0.0023365539964288473, 0.016348419710993767, 0.02429109439253807, -0.02158278040587902, -0.010165712796151638, 0.053942255675792694, 0.025147290900349617, 0.002316655358299613, 0.04194793850183487, -0.0041189189068973064, 0.019940456375479698, -0.030300358310341835, -0.0010907368268817663, 0.027080504223704338, -0.006879457738250494, 0.00839708186686039, -0.020273372530937195, -0.05714951828122139, 0.06273439526557922, -0.037853460758924484, 0.01042915415018797, -0.045234158635139465, -0.00709959864616394, -0.023638997226953506, -0.015342229045927525, 0.026610026136040688, 0.013069795444607735, -0.011952831409871578, 0.005160178989171982, 0.012216256000101566, -0.019244937226176262, 0.024443963542580605, -0.05979526787996292, -0.006316303741186857, -0.0026765717193484306, -0.009444068185985088, 0.0061834040097892284, -0.03076554276049137, -0.03492089360952377, -0.02224108949303627, 0.043113552033901215, 0.03543505817651749, -0.0033565957564860582, 0.004102799575775862, -0.02010073885321617, -0.0065731266513466835, 0.04720095172524452, -0.05068061128258705, -0.028472697362303734, -0.0179875660687685, 0.018888039514422417, 0.013237862847745419, -0.006835311651229858 ]
<p>I have 8, 1-minute audio excerpts, all that feature the same music. Four of them were recorded by a middle school music ensemble (2 expressive, 2 unexpressive) and four by a high school music ensemble (2 expressive, 2 unexpressive). </p> <p>I am getting participants in the MS ensemble, the HS ensemble, and a set of expert evaluators to listen to all 8 excerpts and assign a single rating.</p> <p>Because all of these excerpts feature the same 1-minute piece of music (although by two different groups and under two different conditions - expressive and unexpressive), do I need to have 3 different audio presentation orders to help control for order effects?</p> <p>I am going to average the 2 expressive and 2 unexpressive audio excerpt ratings for each group (MS, HS, Experts). My thought that was by averaging the ratings (to get scores for each group - MS Expressive, MS Unexpressive, HS Expressive, HS Unexpressive) that I wouldn't really need to do have separate orders.</p> <p>Any help about counterbalancing and/or ways to avoid fatigue effects (since it is 8, 1-minute excerpts of the same piece of music, although recorded by two different music groups under two different conditions) would be most helpful. </p> <p>Thanks for your help!</p>
74,092
[ -0.03939254581928253, -0.012864723801612854, -0.037571609020233154, -0.022952629253268242, 0.029764600098133087, 0.004684048239141703, -0.01352633722126484, -0.02558075450360775, 0.02209758572280407, 0.0006139568286016583, 0.03123156912624836, -0.0023876072373241186, 0.04118793085217476, 0.03378104791045189, -0.0033194648567587137, -0.045083027333021164, -0.005998614709824324, -0.00880382303148508, -0.00408521993085742, -0.020484915003180504, -0.009952174499630928, 0.016312256455421448, -0.04601626098155975, -0.02377287857234478, -0.02182312123477459, 0.016116587445139885, 0.027070723474025726, -0.02110668271780014, 0.0120620708912611, 0.03041626513004303, -0.061204612255096436, 0.01542586088180542, 0.007570981979370117, 0.011729663237929344, 0.028278477489948273, -0.003675207495689392, -0.03704418987035751, -0.013897263444960117, -0.03684151917695999, 0.019100088626146317, -0.03483075648546219, 0.03599444776773453, -0.02493114583194256, 0.010854200460016727, -0.01318178977817297, 0.037398360669612885, -0.020753543823957443, -0.047777555882930756, -0.004577134735882282, -0.03957569599151611, 0.07297752797603607, 0.0009222928783856332, 0.013720644637942314, 0.01452720444649458, -0.0072282301262021065, 0.011637957766652107, 0.051185429096221924, 0.09733939915895462, 0.05144181847572327, -0.041593749076128006, 0.015612145885825157, -0.02831439860165119, -0.025816302746534348, -0.00966915488243103, -0.013416598550975323, 0.0047751376405358315, 0.0793951079249382, -0.00031060221954248846, 0.06185651198029518, 0.009826316498219967, 0.024673262611031532, 0.014121254906058311, 0.08119121938943863, -0.014806230552494526, 0.0337766595184803, -0.04360230639576912, 0.04560596123337746, -0.01091780699789524, 0.04771141707897186, 0.03130052238702774, -0.01708851382136345, 0.010863102041184902, 0.03437131643295288, 0.023132644593715668, 0.020652012899518013, -0.02392006479203701, 0.08855464309453964, -0.019230695441365242, 0.007673018146306276, 0.02859114110469818, -0.0002730615087784827, -0.014327860437333584, 0.04259807989001274, 0.02369321882724762, -0.01730782352387905, 0.01578536629676819, 0.005396880675107241, 0.05751994252204895, 0.0036485427990555763, 0.017738254740834236, -0.015544219873845577, 0.004744738340377808, 0.035520926117897034, 0.0426824614405632, 0.010421281680464745, 0.02077208273112774, -0.07239824533462524, 0.0034228528384119272, 0.005650876555591822, -0.0035146307200193405, 0.010526366531848907, 0.008265023119747639, 0.02179264836013317, 0.0018211728893220425, 0.00043293944327160716, 0.02043572999536991, -0.01815166510641575, -0.002042036736384034, 0.01852487027645111, 0.057922374457120895, 0.046024125069379807, -0.04419131204485893, 0.040793225169181824, -0.02847849763929844, -0.04318791627883911, 0.008528634905815125, -0.017862720414996147, -0.018793778494000435, -0.057753607630729675, 0.049869172275066376, 0.02653929963707924, -0.000895998440682888, 0.0578574500977993, 0.008155912160873413, 0.0000939009478315711, -0.020865876227617264, -0.09925734251737595, -0.047142162919044495, 0.0072983745485544205, -0.01964542083442211, 0.021218523383140564, -0.08137738704681396, -0.013086525723338127, 0.05169687047600746, 0.04514503479003906, 0.029269559308886528, 0.03158041462302208, 0.01591157168149948, 0.03874953091144562, 0.031540367752313614, -0.01671099290251732, 0.028234632685780525, -0.041331470012664795, -0.009661354124546051, 0.0036000607069581747, -0.07583415508270264, 0.006394642870873213, 0.040444571524858475, 0.021845292299985886, 0.02676515094935894, 0.009693806990981102, 0.02347513847053051, 0.0024876026436686516, -0.009697137400507927, 0.04800140857696533, 0.00276343640871346, 0.024793846532702446, -0.017330657690763474, 0.02996482141315937, -0.010185030288994312, 0.0324610210955143, 0.025125708431005478, 0.0098357442766428, 0.056842140853405, 0.058239080011844635, -0.013593298383057117, 0.00028677884256467223, 0.00045592032256536186, -0.0021345848217606544, -0.006973590701818466, -0.001970857847481966, -0.050005149096250534, -0.004839145112782717, -0.01289930660277605, 0.02349654957652092, 0.03725128620862961, 0.004185478202998638, 0.01416056603193283, -0.0014212444657459855, 0.01992718316614628, -0.061959486454725266, -0.07649651914834976, 0.02812853641808033, -0.02170903980731964, -0.030235273763537407, 0.0591634064912796, -0.013477764092385769, 0.048603206872940063, 0.006626782473176718, -0.021475695073604584, -0.010891166515648365, -0.02727901190519333, 0.03551432490348816, -0.01936262845993042, 0.006215548142790794, 0.0633457824587822, -0.008857383392751217, -0.017210330814123154, 0.040135838091373444, -0.020213410258293152, -0.05255627632141113, 0.00805991142988205, -0.05269757658243179, 0.04551320523023605, -0.002811304060742259, -0.00794781744480133, 0.00560729019343853, -0.012198851443827152, -0.004572919569909573, 0.03771144524216652, -0.05986662581562996, 0.07524541020393372, 0.06087523698806763, -0.016787514090538025, 0.014196960255503654, 0.03337923809885979, 0.03463733196258545, 0.010912205092608929, 0.001732142991386354, -0.013798050582408905, -0.024755705147981644, -0.013453738763928413, 0.04886383190751076, -0.012687754817306995, -0.041291818022727966, 0.06665472686290741, 0.03976300358772278, 0.01589903049170971, 0.017285823822021484, 0.0361165776848793, 0.03523894026875496, 0.004525030963122845, -0.0013416050933301449, 0.050381727516651154, 0.03633075952529907, 0.0042165108025074005, 0.0022935320157557726, -0.0006611587014049292, 0.010427195578813553, 0.011021033860743046, 0.03958776965737343, 0.028381606563925743, 0.04712122678756714, 0.018695898354053497, -0.02198396995663643, -0.04533462971448898, 0.03319210186600685, -0.024739297106862068, 0.056960415095090866, 0.016048986464738846, 0.010691452771425247, -0.014405285939574242, 0.030481085181236267, -0.025476517155766487, -0.01238889992237091, 0.003064666176214814, -0.013972567394375801, -0.01375935785472393, 0.03279327601194382, -0.03612200543284416, -0.002401822479441762, -0.04186099022626877, -0.016315104439854622, -0.03623482584953308, 0.008966632187366486, 0.021671826019883156, -0.0008659316808916628, 0.02151116542518139, -0.029215721413493156, 0.017390066757798195, -0.005892817862331867, -0.01401476375758648, 0.044260647147893906, 0.008811497129499912, -0.025704888626933098, -0.016657887026667595, 0.005595020949840546, -0.018633781000971794, 0.05028853565454483, -0.0011100097326561809, -0.031954918056726456, 0.0707864761352539, -0.006206817924976349, -0.08937723934650421, -0.045633986592292786, -0.02778330259025097, 0.02790750004351139, -0.012806395068764687, -0.03259711712598801, 0.05889326333999634, 0.04189054295420647, -0.058904051780700684, 0.033220019191503525, -0.03356202691793442, -0.005232806317508221, -0.0005907591548748314, 0.0409715510904789, -0.024525847285985947, 0.015486739575862885, -0.02674946002662182, 0.0190826915204525, 0.006601482164114714, -0.011482970789074898, -0.056532423943281174, -0.06257909536361694, 0.026958614587783813, -0.010154716670513153, 0.0551295205950737, -0.0008199100848287344, -0.034482136368751526, 0.0722065269947052, 0.03987293317914009, -0.045286085456609726, -0.040775299072265625, -0.01129055768251419, 0.00535632623359561, -0.03704947605729103, 0.030899906530976295, 0.0236474871635437, -0.0358683280646801, 0.03738553822040558, 0.012963787652552128, 0.03370731323957443, 0.03789464756846428, -0.005970291793346405, -0.004446241073310375, 0.0028675675857812166, -0.006183034740388393, -0.06419820338487625, 0.035869304090738297, 0.050581831485033035, -0.010325618088245392, -0.028987843543291092, -0.005062788259238005, 0.04318661242723465, 0.0017574044177308679, -0.049118973314762115, 0.0032157839741557837, -0.029190843924880028, 0.0003410983772482723, -0.050156064331531525, 0.006506485864520073, -0.0023296927101910114, -0.035007890313863754, -0.010832006111741066, 0.012016898021101952, -0.00214584544301033, -0.01639043353497982, 0.00031280817347578704, 0.055712807923555374, 0.045655205845832825, -0.009799288585782051, -0.03065829537808895, -0.006931689567863941, 0.008639437146484852, 0.01860600896179676, -0.011947160586714745, 0.01762048527598381, 0.005044406279921532, 0.027015281841158867, -0.005023106466978788, 0.0030533322133123875, -0.059848446398973465, 0.0151979336515069, -0.08088986575603485, 0.007630134467035532, -0.0478920117020607, 0.01971280947327614, 0.03211869299411774, 0.05807361379265785, -0.006935429759323597, -0.005405255127698183, 0.005218851380050182, 0.01785779930651188, -0.046554528176784515, 0.02524247020483017, -0.02234765887260437, -0.0056733242236077785, 0.02509990707039833, 0.022756287828087807, -0.00844958983361721, -0.052224963903427124, 0.016401348635554314, -0.04238760843873024, 0.03758509084582329, -0.03324328362941742, 0.002759870607405901, -0.04003196209669113, -0.017267541959881783, -0.028453072533011436, 0.010482926853001118, 0.003976295702159405, -0.020716410130262375, 0.04881320148706436, 0.008180760778486729, -0.0406050905585289, -0.008628352545201778, -0.03374331444501877, 0.023999791592359543, -0.029902707785367966, 0.033064935356378555, 0.006965617649257183, 0.03664790838956833, -0.052905526012182236, 0.027458960190415382, -0.014570489525794983, 0.049685005098581314, -0.0007963045500218868, -0.014706931076943874, -0.019132079556584358, -0.0018348186276853085, -0.030372433364391327, 0.013876701705157757, 0.02737673930823803, 0.014347216114401817, -0.017837557941675186, -0.01585492491722107, 0.013825523667037487, -0.05564768984913826, 0.006892362609505653, 0.029162459075450897, 0.012615106999874115, -0.03162805363535881, -0.02921384572982788, -0.02135486714541912, 0.009504888206720352, -0.018903810530900955, -0.015511835925281048, 0.04244835302233696, 0.016606632620096207, 0.0011907854350283742, 0.0012467214837670326, -0.03869495540857315, -0.036845963448286057, 0.03897596523165703, 0.006628414615988731, 0.045687127858400345, 0.0103835454210639, -0.01967521570622921, 0.026783529669046402, 0.04430369660258293, 0.0334794707596302, 0.033098287880420685, -0.0070712026208639145, -0.08076808601617813, -0.022615063935518265, 0.029754769057035446, 0.04517434164881706, -0.01854945532977581, 0.008799000643193722, -0.021716205403208733, 0.011428563855588436, 0.003612813074141741, -0.00879526324570179, 0.015286537818610668, -0.012127685360610485, -0.007279583718627691, -0.032058779150247574, -0.03190835192799568, -0.009023509919643402, 0.054429225623607635, 0.0009499614243395627, 0.03710721805691719, -0.013913759030401707, -0.009108828380703926, -0.041022684425115585, 0.005800367798656225, 0.040058866143226624, 0.018213238567113876, -0.03862948715686798, 0.008735827170312405, 0.035321615636348724, 0.020177951082587242, -0.0500827319920063, -0.03249061107635498, -0.007686184253543615, -0.004292228724807501, 0.0034816302359104156, 0.03680183365941048, -0.024649860337376595, -0.01864173635840416, 0.00008293295104522258, 0.01439813431352377, -0.008228679187595844, -0.015400157310068607, 0.006578924134373665, 0.06458098441362381, 0.04011524096131325, 0.0329836867749691, 0.05709872767329216, 0.014777716249227524, -0.01712719537317753, 0.021813547238707542, 0.013881039805710316, 0.007235604338347912, -0.06155286356806755, 0.028384242206811905, -0.02547847293317318, -0.004439788404852152, -0.021629853174090385, 0.05141032114624977, -0.006111453752964735, 0.06641262769699097, 0.016543906182050705, -0.0006526883225888014, -0.00023737983428873122, 0.006348574999719858, 0.015044677071273327, 0.0033339529763907194, 0.008832387626171112, 0.00708100525662303, -0.01611493155360222, 0.00943752657622099, 0.018810737878084183, -0.009525272995233536, 0.025324208661913872, 0.04298141226172447, -0.04508844390511513, 0.025464635342359543, -0.04487232118844986, -0.014301851391792297, -0.019596902653574944, -0.041486356407403946, 0.0397031232714653, -0.03187316656112671, 0.01513699721544981, 0.020810259506106377, 0.011235627345740795, -0.024361424148082733, -0.016614463180303574, -0.0749259740114212, 0.03542635962367058, -0.03833620995283127, 0.062294404953718185, 0.019000206142663956, 0.0006016677361913025, -0.053394149988889694, -0.054394323378801346, 0.02561558224260807, 0.009229120798408985, 0.015751171857118607, -0.019416987895965576, 0.0039996495470404625, 0.048122838139534, -0.0028616259805858135, -0.0031246154103428125, 0.034354180097579956, -0.03093779645860195, -0.032295335084199905, -0.013224250636994839, 0.01650780253112316, 0.07049684971570969, 0.01592535898089409, 0.02587985061109066, -0.008850213140249252, -0.02369796298444271, -0.04393938183784485, -0.03562857583165169, 0.018354056403040886, -0.035570163279771805, 0.0139585817232728, -0.03348657488822937, 0.010307789780199528, 0.05901297181844711, 0.01938147097826004, -0.02713015116751194, -0.0328955352306366, -0.007009087596088648, -0.01593826338648796, -0.03480612486600876, 0.01419414859265089, -0.026324274018406868, -0.024224353954195976, -0.050055015832185745, 0.008335313759744167, -0.051691360771656036, -0.03467535600066185, 0.008140431717038155, 0.038218092173337936, -0.03208741918206215, -0.031055204570293427, 0.07482751458883286, 0.013068313710391521, -0.0020244731567800045, 0.02475217543542385, -0.0372178889811039, 0.03904854506254196, 0.0022943816147744656, -0.002069969428703189, 0.014798734337091446, 0.0115491459146142, -0.048305898904800415, -0.007279365323483944, -0.026518965139985085, -0.0055677867494523525, 0.028243258595466614, -0.00628275889903307, 0.017669955268502235, 0.07792167365550995, 0.014326602220535278, 0.005487594287842512, -0.030664682388305664, 0.021567313000559807, -0.01704447902739048, 0.01282382383942604, 0.061715591698884964, -0.0015218796906992793, 0.019862381741404533, 0.0030761852394789457, 0.005553169641643763, -0.0006418684497475624, 0.009803615510463715, 0.00902807991951704, -0.007506124209612608, -0.013864899054169655, -0.0018126238137483597, -0.07505448162555695, 0.017080513760447502, -0.06615401059389114, -0.00007407913653878495, -0.00602374505251646, 0.000466061377665028, 0.02014792710542679, 0.04709821566939354, -0.025516051799058914, -0.08332516252994537, -0.006890865042805672, -0.06642889231443405, 0.046893805265426636, -0.0004306039772927761, -0.055275946855545044, 0.03284603729844093, -0.0066205766052007675, 0.03914516791701317, -0.001980600645765662, -0.004191750660538673, -0.02148112654685974, -0.06083548441529274, 0.0009706926648505032, -0.0016965670511126518, -0.060742009431123734, 0.03754417970776558, 0.0071405079215765, -0.014167511835694313, 0.01136603020131588, -0.01690288633108139, 0.038850851356983185, -0.015659280121326447, 0.02616322599351406, 0.007570425048470497, 0.06415459513664246, 0.03980698063969612, -0.0033267163671553135, 0.012544269673526287, 0.002512121107429266, 0.1270211935043335, 0.0391506627202034, 0.03741076961159706, -0.06279660761356354, 0.024590695276856422, 0.013919356279075146, 0.011163956485688686, -0.009705743752419949, 0.006598860956728458, -0.008065581321716309, 0.008378837257623672, 0.032100267708301544, 0.0854264348745346, 0.036185912787914276, -0.012403192929923534, 0.051339901983737946, -0.04797754064202309, 0.01541799958795309, 0.016833409667015076, 0.010966728441417217, 0.03486856073141098, 0.014328706078231335, -0.05418146401643753, 0.009498975239694118, 0.02153509482741356, 0.019171414896845818, -0.022988976910710335, -0.06385461241006851, 0.024585338309407234, -0.021059516817331314, 0.030476683750748634, 0.013097989372909069, 0.008079666644334793, -0.004091402981430292, -0.01247100904583931, 0.004165238235145807, 0.011758049950003624, -0.04776870831847191, 0.028390364721417427, 0.018747076392173767, -0.006721968296915293, -0.001873682951554656, 0.013470484875142574, 0.015044483356177807, -0.020261533558368683, -0.03531000390648842, 0.002493328880518675, 0.008518386632204056, -0.0028421387542039156, -0.035117149353027344, -0.015171883627772331, 0.002228213008493185, 0.01129861269146204, -0.07859637588262558, -0.03634306788444519, -0.013833039440214634, 0.004698147997260094, -0.018465988337993622, -0.030745740979909897, -0.0408572219312191, 0.0007911886787042022, -0.0035214207600802183, -0.02603648416697979, 0.01742951013147831, 0.0066169085912406445, -0.04105376824736595, -0.07139389216899872, 0.006989084649831057, 0.009461837820708752, -0.026349518448114395, -0.031849559396505356, -0.009254027158021927, -0.03418368846178055, 0.009098685346543789, 0.0038437999319285154, 0.03575841337442398, 0.012088275514543056, 0.030362874269485474, -0.014565247111022472, -0.04551063850522041, 0.004103424027562141, -0.008934025652706623, -0.006660659331828356, -0.012454474344849586, -0.022727278992533684, -0.0055375597439706326, 0.01729738526046276, 0.005018364172428846, 0.01959444023668766, 0.046464625746011734, 0.01774388551712036, 0.0631905049085617, 0.0007609252352267504, -0.015713762491941452, -0.013817920349538326, 0.008759625256061554, -0.0428040474653244, -0.0026805512607097626, 0.02571183443069458, 0.09217628836631775, -0.057924047112464905, -0.03127855807542801, -0.021356351673603058, 0.060103293508291245, 0.010969176888465881, -0.0054266611114144325, 0.0077477991580963135, -0.039961013942956924, 0.004503332544118166, -0.002589965471997857, 0.008946653455495834, -0.042274776846170425, -0.015300710685551167, -0.03070232830941677, -0.01789708435535431, 0.005967478267848492, -0.03353694826364517, 0.019257310777902603, 0.03494295850396156, -0.01594221405684948, 0.02892456203699112, -0.03103046491742134, 0.03395017609000206, -0.013949105516076088, 0.050262708216905594, -0.03132426366209984, -0.0027637577150017023, -0.02746158465743065, 0.02124193124473095, -0.04333094134926796, -0.037456341087818146, 0.023119213059544563, -0.02086522802710533, -0.010053044185042381, 0.0018263704841956496, -0.005327609367668629, -0.02135181613266468, 0.0019786099437624216, 0.024555375799536705, -0.04264257475733757, 0.01920883171260357, -0.03203245997428894, 0.01658325269818306, -0.0005080597475171089, 0.024646930396556854, 0.01181092020124197, 0.029132699593901634, -0.027311453595757484, -0.020221726968884468, 0.058461789041757584, -0.027167830616235733, -0.05461522936820984, -0.00003501270111883059, -0.035177260637283325, 0.01520154532045126, 0.009115474298596382, 0.010672137141227722, 0.03654773533344269, -0.04453504830598831, 0.00624433858320117, 0.046843547374010086, -0.0016124924877658486, -0.006413333583623171, -0.03304791823029518, -0.012741266749799252, 0.04168878495693207, -0.0009184516966342926, -0.001702276524156332, 0.01058046892285347, 0.050160132348537445, -0.05586017295718193, 0.03846067935228348, -0.026068655773997307, 0.0012651928700506687, -0.030552485957741737, -0.019983265548944473, -0.015644874423742294, -0.009597656317055225, 0.000783683150075376, -0.04538760706782341, 0.011830415576696396, 0.019711392000317574, -0.011158275417983532, 0.03137199953198433, -0.0021720128133893013, -0.025793660432100296, -0.01639949157834053, 0.016711512580513954, -0.034931693226099014, -0.035020988434553146, 0.0028301251586526632, 0.012516398914158344, 0.007574217859655619, 0.01441788300871849, -0.023497000336647034, 0.012855098582804203, -0.03458310663700104, -0.00548065360635519, 0.04760437831282616, -0.023704489693045616, 0.0522039420902729, -0.05759800598025322, -0.06753376126289368, 0.06974367052316666, -0.007616305723786354, 0.027356844395399094, 0.018611209467053413, 0.03850467875599861, 0.009614180773496628, 0.05679203197360039, -0.002227876102551818, 0.009716974571347237, 0.041021402925252914, 0.012030883692204952, 0.020356593653559685, 0.0035619691479951143, -0.04870689660310745, 0.000609536946285516, 0.04238829016685486, 0.013345667161047459, -0.018279127776622772, 0.05287753790616989, -0.02197507955133915, -0.025343015789985657, -0.027957800775766373, -0.011259199120104313, 0.01122779119759798, -0.001210009679198265, 0.014803184196352959, -0.014695688150823116, -0.011504481546580791, 0.01049016509205103, -0.012310556136071682, -0.040968697518110275, 0.005960703827440739, 0.005440106149762869, -0.04061499238014221, 0.00773907033726573, -0.02045418694615364, -0.03531739115715027, -0.04457630589604378, 0.011408785358071327, -0.00922536663711071, 0.0407579243183136, -0.020316364243626595, -0.012130293063819408, -0.015662003308534622, 0.03457529470324516, -0.031162269413471222, 0.004426310304552317, 0.011182757094502449, -0.033423036336898804, -0.027594195678830147, -0.06071826070547104, 0.02748526819050312, 0.04553728550672531, -0.007386297453194857, -0.05278132110834122, -0.027339577674865723, 0.0008487202576361597, 0.05046653002500534, 0.08157074451446533, 0.011052770540118217, -0.013615918345749378, 0.017860908061265945, -0.0185146052390337, 0.02377002127468586, -0.009787634015083313, 0.024689961224794388, 0.02824971452355385, 0.033682823181152344, -0.0022712238132953644, 0.0010116050252690911, -0.02220332808792591, -0.036391835659742355, 0.014554536901414394, -0.024739446118474007, 0.01392100378870964, -0.005845376290380955, 0.025555530562996864, 0.006157281342893839, -0.0008745044469833374, -0.017445934936404228, 0.05234411358833313, -0.025317061692476273, -0.009013706818223, -0.0081191910430789, -0.005586306098848581, -0.03193078562617302, 0.04296719655394554, -0.020014982670545578, 0.023703528568148613, 0.010417163372039795, 0.00600829953327775, 0.006773112807422876, -0.09159330278635025, -0.01761489175260067, 0.006179902236908674, -0.05201158672571182, 0.01678302325308323, 0.07552580535411835, 0.0382608138024807, 0.01065355259925127, -0.015095382928848267, 0.006534765474498272, -0.007827846333384514, -0.008503885008394718, 0.03195149451494217, 0.026161961257457733, 0.025673883035779, 0.025209490209817886, -0.015278343111276627, 0.023602427914738655, -0.06483875215053558, 0.015220778062939644, 0.01158619299530983, 0.02797185815870762, -0.0015133466804400086, -0.05271036922931671, 0.029624387621879578, -0.020785264670848846, -0.030407508835196495, 0.010279364883899689, -0.012724634259939194, 0.024917440488934517, -0.0063687339425086975, 0.00033201006590388715, -0.06456542760133743, -0.009900097735226154, -0.030918385833501816, -0.019644543528556824, -0.005359421484172344, 0.03912116214632988, -0.003971651196479797, -0.004270126111805439, -0.03635735064744949, -0.032392121851444244, 0.029764188453555107, -0.034776099026203156, 0.029752478003501892, -0.02602386474609375, 0.0010757673298940063, 0.045752815902233124, -0.052111029624938965, -0.050692036747932434, -0.0026536844670772552, 0.03560231998562813, 0.01342163048684597, 0.004425563383847475, -0.006549546029418707, -0.05240979790687561, 0.0009789965115487576, 0.044802676886320114, -0.0495929978787899, -0.03314097598195076, -0.028051303699612617, 0.02150174416601658, 0.003680500667542219, -0.016129784286022186 ]
<p>We have a daily report that takes the days p90 website latency data and compares it with the same day over the past four weeks and tells whether the p90 latency has gone up or down for a particular day. </p> <p>I was also planning to build a weekly report that takes the average p90 latency delta for current and previous weeks and shows the delta.</p> <p>I was thinking what will be the advantages of doing that and what kind of insights will the weekly report show which will not be present in a daily one?</p>
74,093
[ -0.013669945299625397, 0.01444234699010849, 0.0021593288984149694, 0.023781942203640938, 0.06772809475660324, 0.06026360020041466, 0.021793797612190247, -0.007800410035997629, 0.01174528244882822, -0.0070043508894741535, 0.028534026816487312, 0.04599796235561371, -0.009533219039440155, 0.01820693351328373, -0.020822973921895027, 0.012278380803763866, -0.026080047711730003, -0.01924225315451622, -0.04722658544778824, -0.01810995116829872, -0.015270660631358624, 0.00038905246765352786, 0.007015187758952379, -0.0006430495413951576, -0.04266113042831421, 0.005653261207044125, -0.00555728143081069, -0.009189140051603317, -0.042143553495407104, 0.056468889117240906, -0.018030351027846336, -0.03357091173529625, -0.01519867405295372, 0.021469837054610252, 0.023521509021520615, 0.0017322562634944916, -0.000698440766427666, -0.029638905078172684, -0.004306706599891186, 0.05095025151968002, -0.0383305586874485, 0.04209950938820839, -0.0036808622535318136, 0.00022283472935669124, -0.021391229704022408, -0.010847637429833412, -0.028404884040355682, -0.012083142064511776, 0.0159230288118124, -0.02912745624780655, 0.021108943969011307, -0.052835579961538315, 0.028273504227399826, -0.020212730392813683, -0.023854650557041168, -0.025102240964770317, 0.05534439906477928, 0.031343549489974976, -0.02611580863595009, -0.0901411846280098, 0.02771240472793579, -0.005176091566681862, -0.0047216871753335, -0.011531521566212177, -0.03633567690849304, 0.04917026683688164, 0.005542008671909571, -0.04688959941267967, -0.008239180780947208, -0.019030164927244186, 0.014012912288308144, -0.018683023750782013, 0.052368875592947006, -0.03398856148123741, 0.024036874994635582, -0.08360489457845688, 0.015223560854792595, 0.02370569296181202, 0.03303071856498718, 0.013585691340267658, -0.01646808348596096, -0.011138133704662323, -0.017347954213619232, 0.012925360351800919, 0.05138557404279709, 0.01829715259373188, 0.06559984385967255, -0.046636827290058136, -0.018746081739664078, 0.03997135907411575, -0.018694434314966202, 0.017373349517583847, 0.007275037933140993, -0.0020236894488334656, -0.02825583703815937, -0.019395388662815094, -0.0248569343239069, 0.013850163668394089, -0.015714403241872787, -0.006915191654115915, 0.011021735146641731, -0.041594214737415314, 0.021697979420423508, 0.04197568818926811, 0.004175928886979818, 0.023143544793128967, 0.016650931909680367, -0.016855761408805847, -0.024752916768193245, 0.02540462836623192, -0.013780412264168262, 0.0000461520794488024, -0.017242256551980972, -0.01106290239840746, 0.05187516286969185, -0.0060556428506970406, -0.0003476960409898311, 0.022880181670188904, -0.021892068907618523, 0.04698865860700607, 0.030369946733117104, -0.04438868165016174, 0.02293264865875244, -0.029983486980199814, -0.012260623276233673, 0.06369534134864807, 0.007274372968822718, -0.02723047323524952, -0.029478222131729126, 0.04180484637618065, -0.019602136686444283, 0.04481071978807449, 0.028816930949687958, -0.04425995796918869, 0.04000070318579674, 0.051185838878154755, -0.10071069747209549, -0.031734831631183624, 0.07192829996347427, 0.028256269171833992, 0.013172371312975883, -0.07733310759067535, -0.002011015545576811, 0.04219166189432144, 0.04930249601602554, 0.03440050780773163, 0.019571823999285698, -0.008541878312826157, 0.018307838588953018, -0.016752732917666435, -0.019922228530049324, -0.0007420234032906592, -0.012141022831201553, -0.022101936861872673, -0.009860285557806492, -0.06810509413480759, 0.0065703135915100574, 0.0322231762111187, -0.0021030844654887915, -0.006163458339869976, 0.029824107885360718, 0.030419720336794853, -0.010366617701947689, -0.005141621921211481, 0.021294837817549706, -0.03972475975751877, 0.048730991780757904, -0.024559706449508667, 0.01733647659420967, -0.009069900959730148, -0.02757946401834488, -0.004624942783266306, 0.017766157165169716, 0.023997072130441666, 0.035374246537685394, 0.025639977306127548, -0.004462153185158968, -0.028795044869184494, -0.020024865865707397, -0.012421313673257828, -0.030140990391373634, 0.0036060765851289034, -0.026375342160463333, 0.029079951345920563, 0.024217024445533752, 0.08145078271627426, 0.022132448852062225, 0.0076119061559438705, 0.08012664318084717, -0.029502956196665764, -0.05386017635464668, -0.029501253738999367, 0.05577760189771652, -0.019631799310445786, -0.02245551161468029, 0.021749747917056084, -0.027168620377779007, -0.00789664313197136, 0.033273205161094666, -0.0037652947939932346, 0.02258891426026821, -0.025030549615621567, 0.06726796925067902, -0.0482930950820446, -0.007082727737724781, 0.04690447449684143, 0.026726748794317245, -0.02022767998278141, 0.0018653164152055979, -0.04280628263950348, -0.04606594145298004, -0.03749357908964157, -0.03822823613882065, 0.013865234330296516, -0.008561777882277966, -0.0009500012965872884, 0.027168137952685356, 0.031102638691663742, -0.04345746338367462, 0.007020425051450729, -0.03475547954440117, 0.05698487162590027, 0.07100605964660645, -0.000932607683353126, -0.0233247559517622, -0.00200111186131835, 0.0345209538936615, 0.03487083688378334, -0.008227400481700897, 0.02644614316523075, -0.06401130557060242, 0.011594903655350208, 0.01996472105383873, -0.012856261804699898, -0.032012082636356354, 0.002442612312734127, 0.060221146792173386, 0.013081745244562626, -0.01711742952466011, 0.05946379154920578, 0.018543412908911705, 0.01220584288239479, 0.006608018651604652, 0.031855806708335876, 0.0636611133813858, 0.005988195072859526, 0.04388173297047615, -0.006418772041797638, 0.012058586813509464, 0.014831489883363247, 0.05765877291560173, 0.02637539990246296, 0.011416293680667877, 0.006753202062100172, -0.013988848775625229, -0.009717626497149467, 0.08124244213104248, -0.039475373923778534, -0.001298222690820694, 0.007516934536397457, -0.027363885194063187, -0.001977975480258465, 0.04586546868085861, -0.03638306260108948, 0.001812910893931985, 0.022126730531454086, -0.04096358269453049, -0.028357695788145065, 0.033805109560489655, -0.005931097548455, 0.03210805729031563, -0.02939259447157383, 0.006505629047751427, -0.05794024467468262, -0.002630495699122548, 0.01635793037712574, -0.039336901158094406, 0.02719060704112053, -0.008344672620296478, -0.028319966048002243, 0.019704757258296013, 0.021728800609707832, -0.007571422960609198, -0.021793605759739876, -0.029650261625647545, -0.01600576750934124, 0.05583665147423744, -0.004344380926340818, -0.0020502284169197083, -0.004163396544754505, 0.014515970833599567, 0.04187691956758499, -0.025208765640854836, -0.0544888898730278, -0.04578495770692825, 0.00011793747398769483, 0.04359927028417587, -0.04930298402905464, -0.038823872804641724, 0.015350721776485443, -0.022391745820641518, -0.03924949839711189, 0.054516926407814026, -0.02384786866605282, -0.027551041916012764, -0.02289946749806404, -0.02610051818192005, -0.0373159758746624, -0.026171494275331497, -0.025951821357011795, -0.004962782841175795, -0.014377813786268234, -0.020374126732349396, -0.04643037170171738, -0.07255623489618301, 0.017581958323717117, -0.04441092908382416, 0.056440211832523346, -0.010799341835081577, -0.011476661078631878, 0.06774518638849258, 0.006313966121524572, -0.00815881509333849, -0.03909321129322052, -0.010004685260355473, -0.05393529310822487, -0.03865929692983627, 0.02781079337000847, 0.017849307507276535, -0.03905762359499931, -0.0020852747838944197, -0.036960311233997345, 0.029439186677336693, 0.04508402943611145, 0.06619695574045181, -0.01583593711256981, 0.004348544403910637, -0.005300907418131828, -0.017281323671340942, -0.0053052473813295364, 0.03710312023758888, -0.04906497150659561, 0.011340669356286526, -0.037204381078481674, 0.019579865038394928, 0.01885920763015747, -0.07055354863405228, 0.017104100435972214, -0.009944446384906769, -0.030055468901991844, -0.031022077426314354, -0.015722695738077164, 0.008841644041240215, -0.05970827862620354, -0.06818867474794388, 0.022226979956030846, 0.03483116626739502, -0.030691038817167282, -0.0001869880361482501, 0.08054667711257935, 0.053895287215709686, -0.01564905047416687, -0.054070889949798584, 0.009015028364956379, 0.02132202312350273, 0.03017248399555683, -0.05813131108880043, -0.019025325775146484, 0.011037847958505154, 0.012740299105644226, 0.007256191689521074, 0.023328950628638268, -0.016612503677606583, -0.007442218717187643, -0.04990286007523537, -0.0033733195159584284, -0.01857304386794567, 0.07068248838186264, -0.006758980918675661, 0.007177387364208698, 0.013851617462933064, -0.00026359091862104833, 0.008939908817410469, 0.007887308485805988, -0.05444548279047012, 0.015483698807656765, -0.03324619308114052, -0.0071734474040567875, 0.004547671880573034, -0.02294989675283432, 0.006627039983868599, -0.021725328639149666, 0.0019475453300401568, 0.003896175418049097, 0.02343866042792797, -0.040165748447179794, 0.02175069972872734, -0.0013253508368507028, 0.00940519105643034, -0.019920025020837784, -0.02346276491880417, 0.034584224224090576, 0.03218250721693039, 0.0481741726398468, 0.022590748965740204, -0.00796244665980339, -0.009945974685251713, 0.0029385630041360855, -0.010402210988104343, 0.008154911920428276, 0.0154024139046669, -0.010777084156870842, 0.0226635430008173, -0.03700467571616173, -0.002862033899873495, -0.008364449255168438, 0.006689597386866808, 0.02993047796189785, -0.030396034941077232, 0.013843806460499763, -0.01032715942710638, -0.031223338097333908, 0.015200920403003693, 0.02519325166940689, -0.01217740774154663, 0.03961564227938652, 0.0051160333678126335, -0.03385423496365547, -0.009931336157023907, 0.037217989563941956, 0.007210030220448971, 0.022717058658599854, 0.002037375932559371, -0.028636235743761063, -0.027946224436163902, 0.02376977540552616, -0.031080275774002075, -0.026399772614240646, 0.05106499791145325, 0.014580607414245605, -0.005806742701679468, 0.006949196103960276, -0.024967089295387268, -0.031214747577905655, -0.010365228168666363, 0.0365300327539444, 0.011513150297105312, -0.005937069654464722, 0.017184564843773842, 0.055919766426086426, 0.08157862722873688, 0.0564633272588253, 0.01893654279410839, 0.0007382381008937955, -0.1210353672504425, -0.018258389085531235, 0.04486384242773056, 0.0699816569685936, 0.007876740768551826, -0.015447309240698814, -0.012195645831525326, 0.002406223677098751, 0.0031714425422251225, -0.03025253862142563, 0.04611894115805626, 0.014587883837521076, 0.019854001700878143, -0.05422210320830345, -0.04228174313902855, 0.0006716509815305471, 0.04601547494530678, -0.030807146802544594, 0.038023315370082855, -0.04235900193452835, -0.05727175250649452, -0.03774476796388626, 0.038997914642095566, 0.015181109309196472, 0.040343839675188065, -0.022136619314551353, -0.005662685725837946, -0.05569963529706001, -0.006972132716327906, -0.020147094503045082, -0.06426666676998138, 0.0017118671676144004, 0.030212899670004845, 0.025946717709302902, 0.038274556398391724, -0.007386273704469204, 0.016121679916977882, 0.027959419414401054, 0.02028753235936165, -0.03190884739160538, -0.026839688420295715, -0.046095240861177444, 0.025415265932679176, 0.013473562896251678, 0.009663580916821957, 0.04479014500975609, 0.02131050080060959, -0.005785657558590174, -0.002891743555665016, -0.009872871451079845, 0.02561434544622898, -0.021508388221263885, 0.009960584342479706, -0.01334086898714304, -0.01775849610567093, -0.03750349581241608, 0.03440621495246887, 0.027600526809692383, 0.04519662261009216, 0.00840216875076294, -0.010058552026748657, -0.005639074370265007, 0.00391220161691308, 0.032509058713912964, 0.009458501823246479, -0.010264718905091286, -0.010881693102419376, -0.03693598508834839, -0.006032685283571482, -0.009307489730417728, -0.02997025102376938, 0.004832655657082796, -0.010340272448956966, -0.010726704262197018, 0.00011397526395739987, -0.02623433992266655, -0.020828304812312126, 0.018156204372644424, 0.0257213544100523, 0.01992410235106945, 0.011388656683266163, 0.014791020192205906, 0.057770080864429474, -0.06367756426334381, 0.03628731146454811, 0.034214045852422714, -0.03884373977780342, 0.01334142405539751, -0.010065542533993721, 0.03651447594165802, -0.04180460423231125, -0.023893775418400764, -0.01600397191941738, -0.01901005581021309, 0.051534295082092285, 0.02207326516509056, -0.038809824734926224, 0.013367690145969391, -0.02226395159959793, -0.026860423386096954, -0.026016443967819214, 0.006104612722992897, 0.016712656244635582, 0.012174622155725956, -0.017697641626000404, 0.01678660698235035, 0.01341879554092884, 0.0784631222486496, 0.01577361859381199, 0.027838267385959625, 0.004923623986542225, 0.028321852907538414, 0.01733909547328949, -0.01587081514298916, -0.0067931292578577995, -0.019064703956246376, -0.012874468229711056, -0.032303888350725174, -0.033665988594293594, 0.060465238988399506, -0.03678707405924797, 0.01880727708339691, 0.009770828299224377, -0.0394006222486496, -0.0007935683242976665, -0.019789081066846848, 0.0271657295525074, 0.009191551245748997, 0.02796543575823307, -0.0007852317066863179, 0.006792653817683458, 0.006226366385817528, -0.015738412737846375, -0.025775324553251266, 0.03196490556001663, -0.016613688319921494, 0.03458389639854431, 0.02137025073170662, -0.008905243128538132, -0.004140165168792009, -0.0027180342003703117, 0.036340754479169846, 0.014088592492043972, -0.012246382422745228, 0.018906930461525917, -0.03615478053689003, -0.0054396167397499084, -0.03266175463795662, -0.03564906492829323, -0.028284303843975067, -0.05002564191818237, 0.07301627099514008, 0.041261982172727585, 0.03611762449145317, 0.041847243905067444, 0.040650416165590286, -0.0012700884835794568, -0.024340879172086716, 0.02129695750772953, -0.011653894558548927, 0.025347497314214706, 0.013754776678979397, -0.009228275157511234, -0.011504157446324825, 0.0032026797998696566, -0.010506285354495049, 0.008138435892760754, 0.050672728568315506, 0.04766017943620682, -0.02550511248409748, 0.02784523367881775, -0.048830702900886536, -0.025450920686125755, 0.004334358032792807, -0.016248179599642754, 0.004785411525517702, -0.03385007381439209, 0.027228038758039474, 0.05970284715294838, 0.0158536359667778, -0.01327320747077465, -0.041121020913124084, 0.0037899939343333244, -0.07151735574007034, -0.009501803666353226, 0.04131593182682991, -0.02390531450510025, 0.011740482412278652, 0.0004831889527849853, 0.06567755341529846, 0.02855963259935379, 0.019934825599193573, -0.0043268585577607155, -0.056192535907030106, -0.037576064467430115, 0.014217082411050797, -0.057134926319122314, 0.06763295829296112, -0.028273001313209534, -0.03449484705924988, 0.0017691917018964887, -0.03366860747337341, 0.03517688810825348, 0.005164315924048424, 0.03452653810381889, -0.034706879407167435, 0.0820222720503807, -0.011949988082051277, 0.011367671191692352, 0.025077737867832184, -0.037439920008182526, 0.14737559854984283, 0.06293801218271255, 0.03734374791383743, -0.023202328011393547, 0.036205172538757324, -0.007843396626412868, 0.026040777564048767, -0.019657781347632408, 0.016708986833691597, 0.02466105856001377, -0.005788646172732115, 0.061327140778303146, 0.02276459150016308, -0.007338214199990034, 0.015463375486433506, 0.04297611117362976, -0.026696521788835526, -0.0028990122955292463, 0.045071713626384735, 0.01582181639969349, 0.03524352237582207, 0.025648146867752075, -0.017439639195799828, 0.05449814349412918, 0.0184843260794878, -0.05572138726711273, 0.030179709196090698, -0.048188552260398865, 0.01585524156689644, -0.03860438987612724, -0.042896170169115067, 0.010390613228082657, 0.024258257821202278, 0.010471511632204056, -0.00867252703756094, 0.01741812936961651, 0.019594475626945496, -0.033059801906347275, -0.017186565324664116, 0.056526582688093185, -0.007993889041244984, -0.0382571779191494, -0.00016490333655383438, 0.04245521500706673, -0.04515274986624718, -0.01813179813325405, -0.016960404813289642, 0.015509692020714283, -0.04592611640691757, -0.00021003019355703145, -0.027111293748021126, 0.02420760504901409, 0.005004454869776964, -0.04661056399345398, -0.033272597938776016, 0.053093474358320236, 0.025360433384776115, -0.03351970389485359, 0.009845640510320663, -0.024965107440948486, 0.0239163339138031, 0.013943997211754322, 0.025843318551778793, 0.02224772982299328, -0.011578092351555824, -0.008529082871973515, 0.0032890692818909883, 0.05042180046439171, 0.016206812113523483, 0.0010489036794751883, -0.0013343078317120671, 0.04385872557759285, -0.028293678537011147, 0.001911655068397522, 0.008824660442769527, -0.016079608350992203, -0.04987906292080879, 0.0014128084294497967, -0.01899433135986328, -0.016761640086770058, -0.008237969130277634, 0.03270096331834793, 0.015101651661098003, 0.011253776960074902, -0.04892205074429512, -0.004992013797163963, 0.03269001469016075, 0.0490260124206543, 0.03426054120063782, 0.0020169762428849936, -0.02473960444331169, 0.05387825891375542, 0.04822337627410889, -0.029034320265054703, -0.03937617316842079, -0.016240790486335754, -0.042022455483675, -0.007746747694909573, 0.020955868065357208, 0.0436064675450325, 0.004054456949234009, -0.021971017122268677, -0.007263917475938797, -0.016368228942155838, -0.020620174705982208, 0.0021846871823072433, -0.01600591652095318, -0.02209044061601162, -0.0519992895424366, 0.009143445640802383, 0.03283258527517319, 0.02365000732243061, 0.010247296653687954, -0.0455457977950573, -0.046716298907995224, 0.008980547077953815, -0.011160433292388916, -0.0049681407399475574, 0.04185963794589043, -0.003376336069777608, 0.044079605489969254, -0.04775931313633919, 0.034369103610515594, -0.04348873347043991, -0.03578537702560425, -0.0391172356903553, -0.010222338140010834, 0.0366385355591774, -0.02814261056482792, -0.042295459657907486, 0.023457346484065056, 0.02543981373310089, 0.02691671811044216, 0.035181764513254166, -0.031115394085645676, -0.001601367723196745, -0.03098568134009838, 0.007516469806432724, -0.036000851541757584, -0.08462076634168625, 0.0031303802970796824, -0.02651679888367653, -0.024623582139611244, 0.05438389256596565, 0.0006563033675774932, 0.04663519561290741, -0.03347187489271164, -0.03085579164326191, -0.018156448379158974, -0.004913704004138708, -0.027710076421499252, -0.05302923917770386, -0.01820380613207817, 0.006091255694627762, 0.07433030754327774, 0.027914224192500114, 0.011014985851943493, -0.009003827348351479, 0.044917646795511246, -0.02222130075097084, -0.005084030330181122, 0.013776776380836964, -0.008217977359890938, 0.010889570228755474, 0.0109612001106143, 0.01115952804684639, -0.01157381571829319, -0.019847767427563667, 0.03070981241762638, 0.007152006030082703, -0.030226707458496094, 0.007708675693720579, 0.008210075087845325, -0.0031909095123410225, 0.0018893455853685737, -0.02185874804854393, 0.0046789925545454025, -0.011517067439854145, 0.006991358939558268, -0.049026377499103546, 0.02766525000333786, 0.056307706981897354, -0.07142095267772675, 0.04329255595803261, 0.00005985935058561154, -0.029967093840241432, -0.02010202594101429, -0.012937271036207676, -0.028010861948132515, 0.030169831588864326, 0.03481639176607132, 0.011269265785813332, -0.0048875208012759686, 0.004632292781025171, 0.06330219656229019, -0.007342885714024305, -0.02875872515141964, 0.003380120499059558, 0.022433262318372726, 0.002636378863826394, 0.026921335607767105, -0.051911983639001846, -0.01983369141817093, 0.03654620051383972, -0.014579592272639275, 0.01500613708049059, -0.007488079369068146, 0.00439787469804287, 0.024118570610880852, 0.031490836292505264, 0.023980727419257164, -0.00046816858230158687, -0.009531214833259583, -0.03572765737771988, 0.030223926529288292, 0.06936027854681015, 0.024589262902736664, 0.028634117916226387, 0.022456275299191475, 0.015724757686257362, -0.0021951962262392044, 0.007836181670427322, -0.012947330251336098, 0.026409314945340157, 0.02034558355808258, -0.02086229808628559, 0.011894303373992443, 0.009249758906662464, 0.010176575742661953, -0.0666019544005394, -0.012107604183256626, 0.018834244459867477, 0.02925417758524418, -0.02412998303771019, 0.04457399621605873, 0.0018928507342934608, -0.04652853310108185, 0.002716063754633069, 0.010941306129097939, -0.007795383688062429, -0.05128045752644539, -0.039733149111270905, -0.023901013657450676, 0.009164335206151009, -0.03469926118850708, 0.04120858758687973, -0.030044659972190857, 0.024299871176481247, -0.022879309952259064, 0.0022696652449667454, 0.033858705312013626, -0.03454552963376045, 0.027211707085371017, -0.05157408118247986, 0.047311119735240936, 0.05082186311483383, -0.010348607785999775, -0.020271575078368187, -0.05636364966630936, -0.015710046514868736, 0.046778786927461624, 0.04787863790988922, 0.008602801710367203, -0.05913800001144409, -0.03137405216693878, -0.004938412923365831, -0.00971981417387724, -0.04437869042158127, 0.035952065140008926, -0.03762245178222656, -0.0062578218057751656, 0.017012372612953186, -0.01629391685128212, 0.022306708618998528, -0.015463639050722122, 0.0072431075386703014, 0.01844841241836548, 0.004373081494122744, -0.028404301032423973, -0.04183975234627724, 0.02142218127846718, 0.007887654937803745, -0.022711096331477165, 0.03776097670197487, 0.0318603515625, -0.026818502694368362, 0.01860867626965046, 0.004904433619230986, -0.04373703896999359, 0.07243587076663971, -0.011665106751024723, 0.025549819692969322, 0.020924152806401253, -0.004122412297874689, 0.003941016737371683, -0.06444226950407028, -0.033698465675115585, 0.02653328888118267, -0.0019565424881875515, 0.007764207199215889, 0.06989127397537231, 0.015904149040579796, -0.0031668320298194885, -0.014952236786484718, 0.018023021519184113, 0.008065951056778431, 0.01206238567829132, -0.028426634147763252, 0.01800968311727047, 0.020252110436558723, -0.01721428520977497, 0.018957598134875298, 0.03483084216713905, 0.0065307277254760265, 0.01800597831606865, -0.015722844749689102, 0.012437541969120502, -0.02336772531270981, -0.022421136498451233, 0.017499540001153946, 0.030593883246183395, -0.0256788432598114, 0.025490671396255493, 0.0008622547029517591, -0.0013248984469100833, -0.03787223622202873, -0.005021368153393269, -0.054010190069675446, -0.04588887840509415, -0.044777724891901016, 0.01875840313732624, 0.03490324690937996, 0.03705327957868576, -0.02420308254659176, -0.015359207056462765, 0.021648669615387917, 0.04154045507311821, 0.03596283495426178, -0.010027501732110977, -0.02317757159471512, -0.027285711839795113, 0.03696053475141525, -0.00261927442625165, -0.03796321526169777, -0.0060757179744541645, -0.031101899221539497, 0.014292974025011063, 0.005849882494658232, 0.04038405045866966, 0.005649842321872711, -0.01808128133416176, -0.003828918794170022, 0.005657171830534935, -0.014028024859726429, 0.011166559532284737, -0.04445423558354378, 0.02375987358391285, -0.004661653656512499, -0.019694970920681953 ]
<p>calculating recall/precision from k-fold cross validation (or leave-one-out) can be performed either by averaging the recall/precision values obtained from different k folds or by combining the predictions and then calculate one value for each of the recall and precision. </p> <p>My data is composed of 1000 samples belonging to two classes. the positives are only 50 while negatives are 950 samples. If we apply leave-one-out using the averaged k-fold cross validation approach. Then, we will notice that we have the precision and recall in 950 folds are not defined (NaN) because NP/(TP+FP) are all zeros (as only one negative sample is examined in this k-fold). I think, such NaN might be replaced by 1 because no meaning to set its value to be 0 (because the current sample is negative and it was correctly predicted to be negative). Then, we average the recall/precision from 1000-folds. the values will be different than obtaining the all the predictions and then calculating one precision/recall. </p> <p>The same difference will happen when we apply k-fold cross validation on this data instead of leave-one-out (even if we produce balanced ratio of positives in each fold).</p> <p>So, my question is: which approach is more accurate to calculate the precision/recall from k-fold cross validation (combined or average)? is the same situation for leave-one-out?</p> <p>There are two relevant discussions : <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/34611/average-vs-combined-k-fold-cross-validation">Average vs. combined k-fold cross validation</a> and <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/66864/averaging-precision-and-recall-when-using-cross-validation">Averaging precision and recall when using cross validation</a></p> <p>However, the first one did not have clear answer for this point and the second discusses the averaging effect of Fmeasure (not in the precision/recall). both discussions did not discuss if leave-one-out has other preference.</p>
74,094
[ -0.031827107071876526, -0.010518372058868408, -0.0008761562057770789, 0.014793158508837223, 0.03132128342986107, 0.018412813544273376, -0.021279053762555122, -0.01050650980323553, 0.040018923580646515, -0.039267294108867645, 0.04473191872239113, 0.010924075730144978, 0.0316505953669548, 0.002050669863820076, -0.017577655613422394, 0.014987603761255741, -0.01605095900595188, 0.009463101625442505, 0.024016432464122772, -0.02774214558303356, 0.006751748733222485, -0.0019357638666406274, 0.012542810291051865, -0.0090286610648036, -0.015803949907422066, 0.03505222871899605, 0.048946306109428406, -0.042597100138664246, 0.02665417268872261, 0.05767392739653587, -0.012029407545924187, -0.0006948781665414572, 0.02350660227239132, 0.06613542884588242, -0.022449446842074394, -0.025253508239984512, -0.00669077318161726, -0.010817863047122955, -0.03145937994122505, 0.041082944720983505, -0.006802800111472607, -0.041011832654476166, 0.003242635866627097, 0.013718188740313053, -0.025947021320462227, 0.005801104009151459, -0.018826952204108238, -0.021155783906579018, -0.0015865616733208299, -0.05123359337449074, 0.02836206741631031, -0.0074651772156357765, 0.04927710443735123, 0.03392231464385986, -0.0239030160009861, 0.0032242112793028355, 0.06312046945095062, 0.03804052248597145, 0.004950386006385088, -0.06731516122817993, -0.011723517440259457, -0.04426092281937599, 0.034881941974163055, 0.01634232886135578, -0.02638174779713154, 0.04930194467306137, -0.00910193845629692, -0.013488277792930603, -0.008233516477048397, -0.007335928734391928, 0.03006596863269806, 0.016411971300840378, 0.017572425305843353, -0.01959322579205036, 0.012921077199280262, -0.006636128760874271, 0.0027539695147424936, 0.056489184498786926, 0.07722968608140945, 0.06516336649656296, -0.004149751737713814, 0.0028460233006626368, 0.03128519654273987, 0.037015173584222794, 0.04913421347737312, -0.02245851792395115, 0.06480074673891068, -0.0015898781130090356, -0.00693863071501255, 0.028248945251107216, 0.005876439157873392, -0.0052954573184251785, 0.04586973041296005, -0.0040499307215213776, -0.029028940945863724, 0.04083606228232384, 0.013913335278630257, 0.03720581531524658, 0.006838647648692131, -0.016935868188738823, -0.003189596114680171, -0.025210784748196602, 0.029769456014037132, 0.0808190107345581, -0.016278201714158058, 0.010883207432925701, -0.01847369223833084, -0.0446007139980793, -0.01881004124879837, -0.014583309181034565, 0.028922589495778084, 0.006798002868890762, -0.014419709332287312, -0.017098892480134964, 0.02138223871588707, 0.03534245118498802, -0.02074832282960415, -0.027269089594483376, 0.04062403365969658, 0.03060799278318882, 0.040907710790634155, -0.0038443319499492645, 0.01742130145430565, -0.004242405295372009, -0.036953411996364594, -0.02277122437953949, 0.02311631478369236, -0.0029120927210897207, -0.02964097261428833, 0.05971165746450424, -0.0040840147994458675, -0.027200868353247643, 0.03272425755858421, 0.0009207067778334022, 0.013906847685575485, 0.020808694884181023, -0.08195893466472626, -0.04871872812509537, 0.008983061648905277, -0.01760192960500717, 0.019174696877598763, -0.06159110739827156, -0.03017369657754898, 0.030274664983153343, 0.040525343269109726, 0.0540749728679657, 0.03943610191345215, 0.047199148684740067, 0.02016407437622547, -0.003049357095733285, -0.03585788607597351, -0.04802996665239334, -0.03258267790079117, 0.0052263871766626835, -0.07109998911619186, -0.07034702599048615, 0.009342888370156288, -0.0026264635380357504, -0.018828442320227623, 0.005494320299476385, 0.03281037509441376, -0.038503412157297134, 0.004336206242442131, -0.0018397163366898894, 0.020933475345373154, -0.027323968708515167, 0.041407715529203415, 0.0014338529435917735, 0.063144251704216, 0.00727918092161417, -0.008841103874146938, -0.024454012513160706, 0.03971110284328461, 0.012419433332979679, 0.019103946164250374, -0.0018439546693116426, 0.007571915630251169, -0.021878564730286598, 0.031942691653966904, 0.011675028130412102, -0.05741940066218376, -0.005952722858637571, -0.004017988219857216, -0.009654597379267216, 0.010174076072871685, 0.061990391463041306, -0.013951515778899193, -0.01956469938158989, 0.023895952850580215, -0.023697447031736374, -0.02803795039653778, -0.06752938032150269, 0.004811247810721397, -0.009044296108186245, -0.013011209666728973, 0.01257173903286457, -0.0011029960587620735, 0.019477294757962227, 0.006257717963308096, -0.01348328310996294, -0.031069550663232803, 0.01718265749514103, 0.042268406599760056, -0.058675993233919144, 0.004244750365614891, 0.03865930438041687, -0.012412020936608315, -0.05842956155538559, 0.022743429988622665, -0.01935507357120514, -0.06417245417833328, -0.007725373841822147, -0.03154348209500313, 0.0017764267977327108, 0.000987165723927319, -0.04879700765013695, 0.04326169192790985, 0.008213179185986519, 0.00042937559192068875, 0.01898094452917576, -0.06251709908246994, 0.058425482362508774, 0.04753250256180763, 0.003862242214381695, 0.0072324215434491634, 0.016241246834397316, 0.011944260448217392, -0.010718169622123241, -0.026210609823465347, 0.0044729216024279594, -0.024161387234926224, -0.05363641306757927, 0.06024736538529396, 0.0032633603550493717, -0.009741934947669506, -0.004896008875221014, 0.04316460341215134, -0.032038696110248566, 0.03186378255486488, 0.0006868217024020851, 0.027274515479803085, -0.038375694304704666, 0.0009776260703802109, 0.06187955662608147, -0.008373025804758072, 0.007320166565477848, 0.012438390403985977, -0.02411913126707077, 0.050052087754011154, 0.0541440024971962, -0.021898141130805016, 0.05129639059305191, 0.026099540293216705, 0.021558959037065506, 0.011852920055389404, -0.018839210271835327, 0.030078459531068802, -0.012825047597289085, -0.008416667580604553, 0.00339955254457891, 0.003377173561602831, 0.010628166608512402, 0.021962732076644897, 0.0038648510817438364, 0.04269435629248619, 0.05048748105764389, -0.03198337182402611, 0.004905320703983307, -0.018199879676103592, -0.05832305923104286, -0.008084721863269806, -0.01201421208679676, -0.024045459926128387, -0.023462258279323578, 0.02375173568725586, 0.05166931077837944, -0.014423332177102566, 0.033579736948013306, -0.05245586112141609, -0.0012231767177581787, -0.048731930553913116, -0.010031890124082565, 0.01627822034060955, -0.005440890323370695, -0.04099642112851143, -0.022517697885632515, -0.02826838754117489, -0.004350125789642334, 0.03596735745668411, -0.024305395781993866, -0.023845938965678215, 0.004446222446858883, 0.025246813893318176, -0.05692219361662865, -0.07092409580945969, -0.05457509309053421, 0.006428433116525412, -0.008683870546519756, -0.008558496832847595, 0.020783616229891777, 0.018756741657853127, -0.07511261105537415, 0.058998625725507736, 0.027573255822062492, -0.04108539968729019, -0.006839817389845848, -0.0316595658659935, 0.004468669183552265, -0.021665075793862343, -0.004736999049782753, 0.012055862694978714, -0.028712626546621323, -0.0038385638035833836, -0.07490164041519165, -0.06789825856685638, 0.049392592161893845, -0.03741810843348503, 0.014419050887227058, 0.03278861939907074, -0.02287660539150238, 0.08394768089056015, 0.014755208976566792, -0.01165308989584446, -0.039886027574539185, 0.015180913731455803, -0.02856524847447872, -0.004721661563962698, -0.005470761563628912, 0.007907126098871231, 0.01139808539301157, 0.03757096827030182, -0.009445100091397762, 0.0147169204428792, 0.044184841215610504, 0.010012638755142689, 0.005052545573562384, -0.028841190040111542, -0.023448562249541283, -0.013921319507062435, 0.007785061374306679, 0.020089589059352875, 0.0018817619420588017, 0.004664534702897072, 0.007102998439222574, 0.03738575056195259, 0.012850320897996426, -0.04709943011403084, 0.03318411856889725, -0.02220357209444046, 0.006786216050386429, -0.030418014153838158, 0.0337933748960495, -0.009678546339273453, -0.00874408707022667, -0.03966021165251732, 0.03348882123827934, 0.03439993038773537, -0.036831967532634735, 0.017221778631210327, 0.02786526456475258, 0.05578068271279335, 0.009394718334078789, -0.00901382602751255, -0.0025243344716727734, 0.0073233130387961864, 0.02032608911395073, 0.017188282683491707, -0.000130360946059227, 0.03154226392507553, 0.08227347582578659, 0.040969740599393845, 0.005274027585983276, -0.02695980668067932, 0.01999458111822605, -0.055629633367061615, -0.032643407583236694, -0.06799886375665665, 0.04941745102405548, 0.02459261566400528, 0.024119995534420013, -0.005922423209995031, -0.047217417508363724, -0.03793243691325188, 0.013223625719547272, -0.010962017811834812, 0.023441024124622345, 0.0009753013146109879, -0.03321334347128868, -0.003763551590964198, -0.010606195777654648, 0.014172473922371864, -0.02268148958683014, 0.022090956568717957, 0.004551771096885204, 0.044545482844114304, -0.022490663453936577, -0.0026085413992404938, 0.01721547544002533, -0.002527604578062892, -0.03939474746584892, 0.029994478449225426, 0.03535132110118866, 0.006626821123063564, 0.027121156454086304, 0.012997112236917019, 0.0017628794303163886, -0.04187201336026192, -0.019949225708842278, 0.0495632067322731, -0.003516480093821883, 0.023318897932767868, 0.035284705460071564, 0.037261415272951126, -0.06161629408597946, 0.018987499177455902, 0.004201095085591078, 0.05339854210615158, 0.04138137400150299, -0.03198016807436943, -0.015726124867796898, -0.05992375686764717, -0.02504456415772438, 0.006952343042939901, 0.006587090902030468, -0.006816911976784468, 0.008169430308043957, 0.033765461295843124, 0.021635696291923523, -0.04493403062224388, 0.02437412180006504, 0.06672652065753937, -0.007661313749849796, 0.028661031275987625, -0.06330274790525436, 0.023711249232292175, 0.007516035810112953, -0.021791057661175728, 0.06801553070545197, -0.009441263042390347, 0.014090768061578274, -0.03105955384671688, 0.041892506182193756, -0.02946946956217289, -0.040313757956027985, -0.021447505801916122, 0.06255651265382767, 0.04748053103685379, -0.01620832271873951, -0.025246500968933105, 0.033795587718486786, 0.06748417019844055, 0.05367904528975487, 0.011172831058502197, -0.013857063837349415, -0.0719744861125946, 0.010017618536949158, 0.009283489547669888, 0.025538187474012375, -0.07489395141601562, -0.013307970948517323, -0.03980521112680435, -0.012190135195851326, 0.007778513245284557, -0.01815483160316944, 0.02713443711400032, 0.007894253358244896, 0.016133753582835197, -0.003343603340908885, -0.00007396836736006662, -0.030824976041913033, 0.007210092153400183, 0.0021453206427395344, 0.03802124410867691, -0.001937911962158978, 0.009070969186723232, -0.013797104358673096, 0.03495848923921585, 0.006819120608270168, 0.040379736572504044, -0.0340728834271431, -0.020425233989953995, -0.008144763298332691, -0.002762013580650091, -0.014308885671198368, -0.07925895601511002, -0.017670923843979836, 0.012753204442560673, -0.009527799673378468, 0.08641597628593445, 0.014661331661045551, -0.015109606087207794, 0.05027937516570091, 0.029036641120910645, -0.03504945710301399, -0.043490830808877945, -0.020481057465076447, 0.05396981164813042, 0.028072798624634743, -0.0005025961436331272, 0.10383497178554535, 0.0008289655088447034, 0.021756846457719803, -0.005871686618775129, -0.023353559896349907, -0.024452371522784233, -0.030911661684513092, -0.025903062894940376, -0.03403817489743233, -0.01604086346924305, -0.017845353111624718, 0.00493342150002718, -0.0025412484537810087, 0.06618523597717285, -0.0307238157838583, -0.020135240629315376, -0.025601448491215706, -0.0021822857670485973, -0.0028030883986502886, -0.005379687063395977, 0.023394733667373657, 0.01368705928325653, -0.0014777274336665869, 0.000741720839869231, 0.00619879923760891, -0.02225557155907154, -0.01042912993580103, 0.010914996266365051, -0.023483911529183388, 0.011744238436222076, -0.010144809260964394, -0.019262263551354408, 0.006014025304466486, 0.008296342566609383, 0.029882578179240227, 0.00565658463165164, 0.01996717043220997, 0.033571258187294006, -0.03596184775233269, -0.01392590906471014, 0.020547669380903244, 0.01822645217180252, 0.04780226945877075, -0.005119943059980869, 0.04309026151895523, 0.015173789113759995, -0.03153630346059799, -0.06723091006278992, -0.0037650885060429573, 0.011687390506267548, -0.001883370103314519, -0.017857635393738747, 0.013420608825981617, -0.002639461075887084, -0.038790687918663025, 0.013541539199650288, -0.0050609176978468895, 0.05314483493566513, -0.021789321675896645, -0.024478308856487274, 0.018618296831846237, 0.0011152740335091949, 0.06174151599407196, -0.03139170631766319, 0.016845207661390305, -0.009484751150012016, -0.030812684446573257, -0.048596374690532684, 0.03514128550887108, 0.031373195350170135, -0.035341497510671616, -0.00454176589846611, -0.04603101685643196, -0.003826734609901905, 0.041626837104558945, 0.015735937282443047, -0.026282794773578644, 0.010280986316502094, -0.012241174466907978, 0.011870340444147587, -0.0308931153267622, 0.006060146261006594, -0.006374045740813017, 0.0338016077876091, -0.011693330481648445, 0.01936705969274044, -0.00678258016705513, 0.005136089865118265, 0.015198634006083012, -0.007813685573637486, -0.06347452104091644, 0.00035946728894487023, 0.08574559539556503, -0.007797272875905037, 0.010526941157877445, -0.015786059200763702, -0.007740478962659836, 0.058977942913770676, -0.01349623128771782, -0.006466645747423172, 0.030123695731163025, 0.012849479913711548, -0.03457099199295044, 0.0011075226357206702, -0.012451550923287868, 0.0032752843108028173, 0.0376955009996891, -0.009010665118694305, 0.06030407175421715, -0.0072990781627595425, 0.029785344377160072, -0.024355202913284302, -0.04474502429366112, 0.02142517827451229, -0.03440618887543678, 0.022325027734041214, 0.055077072232961655, -0.00009824429434956983, -0.044853925704956055, 0.01617039367556572, -0.011662160977721214, 0.00911756418645382, 0.0413912795484066, 0.002110233996063471, 0.0341714583337307, 0.003014787333086133, -0.014599678106606007, -0.024601968005299568, 0.02213139645755291, -0.04411977529525757, -0.004333133343607187, 0.010645178146660328, -0.058050692081451416, 0.0071870931424200535, 0.014708450995385647, 0.019762082025408745, -0.018852412700653076, -0.027112115174531937, -0.024322502315044403, -0.00643711443990469, 0.005338570568710566, -0.012953696772456169, 0.00482593709602952, -0.03192182257771492, 0.034889403730630875, 0.04504390433430672, 0.014468077570199966, -0.04172119125723839, -0.08019938319921494, -0.02264026179909706, -0.01978910155594349, -0.024102026596665382, 0.018172502517700195, 0.010361923836171627, -0.052087243646383286, 0.02977500483393669, -0.04596490412950516, 0.06762977689504623, -0.0000741876065148972, 0.018103286623954773, -0.03002123162150383, 0.04030057042837143, -0.00928586907684803, 0.031032312661409378, 0.011313323862850666, 0.0039053757209330797, 0.1534365713596344, 0.09803824871778488, 0.031528811901807785, -0.08673612773418427, 0.006165576633065939, 0.01711549609899521, -0.01624378375709057, -0.02988106571137905, 0.013103283941745758, 0.002496363129466772, -0.00745606143027544, 0.006242489907890558, 0.041925638914108276, -0.004557156469672918, -0.030355190858244896, 0.004284451249986887, -0.010981213301420212, -0.00348709337413311, 0.017872005701065063, 0.011624145321547985, 0.06366017460823059, -0.03327794745564461, -0.020455019548535347, 0.02493875101208687, -0.010070915333926678, -0.02969249337911606, -0.012203914113342762, -0.0031786577310413122, 0.01846313290297985, 0.008987648412585258, -0.004735937342047691, 0.004603347275406122, 0.0060791438445448875, -0.010806463658809662, -0.03214806318283081, 0.013567970134317875, -0.016647690907120705, -0.03658897802233696, 0.03433212637901306, 0.04002956673502922, -0.0007984469993971288, -0.00513235991820693, 0.04367819428443909, 0.028728177770972252, -0.05157988518476486, -0.010277116671204567, -0.06218050420284271, 0.015405979007482529, 0.0009666672558523715, 0.013799655251204967, -0.007659580558538437, -0.029765235260128975, 0.014705324545502663, -0.02514202892780304, -0.021996192634105682, 0.023611152544617653, 0.034166689962148666, -0.034896064549684525, -0.05112873762845993, -0.0455956868827343, 0.03818802535533905, 0.010366248898208141, 0.004570403136312962, -0.010603482834994793, 0.009600725024938583, -0.037069786339998245, 0.01252842415124178, 0.031566787511110306, 0.0035995165817439556, 0.038554515689611435, -0.02631317265331745, -0.004545844625681639, -0.04534103348851204, -0.007155282888561487, 0.018715059384703636, -0.003867959138005972, 0.041795291006565094, -0.013510281220078468, 0.015295335091650486, -0.023962846025824547, -0.07084343582391739, 0.0040939743630588055, -0.0062864054925739765, 0.02987782657146454, -0.01985784061253071, -0.01827295683324337, 0.008206835947930813, -0.008801618590950966, -0.022065022960305214, 0.018575230613350868, 0.007411618251353502, 0.045618899166584015, -0.006381412036716938, -0.025653505697846413, 0.0024074523244053125, 0.0027049584314227104, -0.03788017854094505, 0.017843209207057953, -0.026733985170722008, 0.03881426900625229, -0.0021739935036748648, 0.02841261774301529, -0.007963155396282673, 0.048025067895650864, 0.011542645283043385, -0.007726600393652916, -0.0029964677523821592, -0.021353494375944138, 0.0011710101971402764, -0.00007617202936671674, 0.008795949630439281, -0.028880061581730843, -0.019518818706274033, -0.03070303611457348, -0.05674654245376587, 0.0708068385720253, -0.011474927887320518, -0.028833338990807533, 0.0024382760748267174, -0.021368883550167084, 0.009826529771089554, -0.033697664737701416, -0.01696360670030117, -0.027054976671934128, 0.027254819869995117, -0.040229301899671555, -0.05618048086762428, 0.03579987958073616, -0.0023046487476676702, 0.00002123498597939033, 0.006667193956673145, 0.07151567190885544, 0.01719760149717331, 0.01648475043475628, -0.02347615733742714, -0.018551671877503395, -0.02668142132461071, 0.06002930924296379, -0.0391722209751606, -0.020620159804821014, 0.07197587192058563, -0.08058587461709976, -0.03188103437423706, 0.021057413890957832, 0.018242785707116127, -0.0002838089712895453, 0.039453428238630295, 0.0027626934461295605, -0.004735690541565418, 0.0567096583545208, -0.031818125396966934, -0.03218207135796547, 0.030949357897043228, 0.01744850166141987, 0.019404293969273567, -0.0051421201787889, -0.0011493463534861803, 0.029505403712391853, 0.0009836755925789475, 0.020569490268826485, 0.022957295179367065, -0.0045604039914906025, 0.004684043116867542, 0.013064967468380928, -0.030674386769533157, 0.01390470564365387, 0.01349299494177103, 0.008197830989956856, -0.04405568167567253, 0.0357767753303051, -0.012912587262690067, -0.013195247389376163, -0.026463719084858894, 0.0010826213983818889, -0.08387584984302521, -0.03016032464802265, 0.013569596223533154, 0.04126328229904175, -0.018073683604598045, -0.042783454060554504, -0.0004954715259373188, 0.04672286659479141, -0.026876870542764664, 0.03880024328827858, -0.017675751820206642, 0.00046863293391652405, -0.04972786828875542, 0.004621859174221754, -0.010861449874937534, -0.023252153769135475, 0.031309667974710464, -0.01757398433983326, -0.005290987901389599, 0.011736591346561909, 0.001851296634413302, -0.008793837390840054, -0.028432410210371017, 0.038793355226516724, -0.010232296772301197, -0.05931910127401352, 0.03176901489496231, -0.014181678183376789, -0.0464600995182991, 0.0404343456029892, -0.03330942243337631, 0.023549580946564674, 0.040609102696180344, 0.035493314266204834, -0.005303254351019859, 0.028643004596233368, 0.005641575902700424, -0.02646240033209324, -0.009301119484007359, 0.02349594235420227, 0.0238746739923954, -0.006786662619560957, -0.009857463650405407, 0.029819803312420845, 0.022584950551390648, 0.0013404620112851262, -0.06599650532007217, 0.05327434092760086, -0.005843665450811386, -0.03293229267001152, -0.022295741364359856, 0.03231147676706314, 0.01972275599837303, -0.020354563370347023, -0.03061007708311081, -0.04896003380417824, 0.018176782876253128, 0.04796883091330528, 0.02269096113741398, -0.01575772650539875, 0.03475777059793472, -0.01124450284987688, -0.0383366122841835, 0.007342969067394733, -0.0013105209218338132, -0.013202029280364513, -0.01925516314804554, -0.011282889172434807, 0.01022458728402853, 0.03278554603457451, -0.024912305176258087, -0.03730357065796852, -0.04528503865003586, 0.04491186514496803, -0.03692473843693733, 0.031050439924001694, -0.002464884892106056, -0.017095020040869713, -0.02831563912332058, -0.10015935450792313, 0.06291227787733078, 0.012147029861807823, -0.04069169983267784, -0.020296070724725723, 0.014799695461988449, -0.028522580862045288, -0.0163370780646801, 0.05500202998518944, 0.043824587017297745, -0.018803561106324196, -0.03470223769545555, 0.010840716771781445, -0.01612396351993084, -0.048194609582424164, 0.027809545397758484, -0.03178286924958229, -0.004842604510486126, -0.04185400530695915, -0.018721647560596466, -0.010176870971918106, 0.02074342593550682, 0.04061385616660118, -0.02936393953859806, 0.019521288573741913, -0.011702818796038628, 0.0226382277905941, 0.03997015208005905, 0.02741306833922863, 0.0071157002821564674, 0.05315431207418442, 0.029795683920383453, 0.011629071086645126, 0.012903767637908459, 0.002820327877998352, -0.01936180517077446, 0.010220539756119251, -0.017636101692914963, -0.012566355057060719, -0.01306916493922472, 0.04039790481328964, 0.005014100577682257, -0.07613691687583923, -0.010611754842102528, 0.04709332436323166, -0.024278083816170692, 0.0066850571893155575, 0.0674934983253479, 0.04366378113627434, 0.009050573222339153, 0.007752656005322933, 0.035007134079933167, 0.020948177203536034, 0.0034759712871164083, 0.015124035999178886, 0.001932066399604082, 0.014516585506498814, 0.02329224720597267, 0.004022508859634399, 0.003062829375267029, -0.016272589564323425, 0.03190664201974869, -0.022780507802963257, 0.070632703602314, -0.04891418665647507, -0.007538213394582272, 0.033132296055555344, 0.0037904789205640554, 0.00358784687705338, -0.019093627110123634, -0.01943911984562874, 0.07180950790643692, -0.034323979169130325, -0.01909419149160385, -0.03663361817598343, -0.0692608430981636, 0.006283713039010763, -0.0029439672362059355, 0.0031253949273377657, 0.073553666472435, 0.009432281367480755, -0.0052310992032289505, -0.018566269427537918, -0.022657105699181557, 0.02086355909705162, -0.015292435884475708, 0.01373774278908968, -0.03388769179582596, -0.028900032863020897, -0.016801564022898674, -0.01992609351873398, -0.034791141748428345, 0.016392406076192856, -0.0075842756778001785, 0.022974908351898193, 0.03959684446454048, -0.028163274750113487, -0.021423621103167534, 0.01389935240149498, 0.03436058387160301, -0.04686824232339859, -0.02355610765516758, -0.03895293176174164, 0.014972127042710781, 0.004935377277433872, -0.008624575100839138 ]
<p><em><strong>Can anyone provide a brief overview of the most popular training algorithms for perceptrons?</em></strong></p> <p>I am currently training my perceptron using standard stochastic gradient descent (online gradient descent) with a fixed learning rate.</p> <p>There seems to be hundreds of different algorithms which claim to perform better, but I have found it difficult to find out which one would be most promising to implement (with complexity and time to code up/understand being costs).</p> <p>Also, I am using theano on python.</p>
74,095
[ 0.00795605406165123, -0.032336119562387466, -0.0008293102728202939, -0.02690768986940384, 0.03921233490109444, -0.017224207520484924, 0.012785837054252625, 0.0026636228431016207, 0.05207928642630577, -0.03360545262694359, 0.01074481476098299, 0.04530123621225357, 0.027472132816910744, 0.022943371906876564, 0.020059380680322647, -0.011949102394282818, 0.015753427520394325, -0.012330641970038414, -0.005263671278953552, 0.017278676852583885, -0.016585877165198326, 0.0259186252951622, 0.01864137500524521, 0.003543634433299303, -0.05105865001678467, 0.02488768845796585, 0.007335542235523462, 0.008832020685076714, 0.00820645410567522, 0.0683770477771759, -0.061145126819610596, -0.02180289663374424, -0.03904905170202255, 0.051392316818237305, 0.011836448684334755, -0.0015095087001100183, -0.005672826431691647, -0.06340310722589493, -0.04287722334265709, 0.016010062769055367, -0.011155238375067711, -0.00933548342436552, 0.002904458437114954, 0.013195025734603405, 0.015073184855282307, 0.03504020720720291, -0.00557386688888073, -0.0305901188403368, 0.013742098584771156, -0.05442936718463898, 0.07266329973936081, -0.00039834462222643197, 0.016908274963498116, 0.04813713952898979, -0.007234929595142603, 0.014399070292711258, 0.06484171748161316, 0.04531075805425644, -0.02938768081367016, -0.07360614091157913, 0.0222651157528162, -0.01782367005944252, 0.012440723367035389, -0.04048098996281624, -0.014673774130642414, 0.02688254602253437, -0.005168777424842119, -0.015581082552671432, 0.04087488353252411, -0.014103422872722149, 0.03584996610879898, -0.011419476009905338, 0.02036425657570362, 0.0003981646441388875, -0.013388815335929394, -0.013281704857945442, -0.025956979021430016, 0.028759708628058434, 0.026856711134314537, 0.03366757929325104, 0.0031570622231811285, 0.010955071076750755, 0.028410397469997406, 0.022263195365667343, -0.019787197932600975, -0.0030669872649013996, 0.09506575018167496, -0.004204834345728159, 0.0016692503122612834, 0.006876069586724043, -0.028100507333874702, -0.003597564995288849, 0.05081905052065849, -0.003448237432166934, -0.014522216282784939, 0.03498631343245506, 0.012721710838377476, 0.017281070351600647, 0.023485925048589706, -0.024807779118418694, -0.0020071265753358603, -0.00705691846087575, -0.03590305522084236, 0.06950067728757858, -0.031248625367879868, -0.024093549698591232, -0.021110480651259422, -0.00391728151589632, -0.026401491835713387, 0.016367824748158455, -0.04768674448132515, 0.015369279310107231, -0.019280418753623962, 0.00274260644800961, -0.018466614186763763, -0.01666884310543537, 0.004967688117176294, -0.005712009966373444, -0.0064631253480911255, 0.07779206335544586, 0.014841954223811626, -0.046691298484802246, 0.028824377804994583, -0.04212694242596626, -0.0459226556122303, 0.019214868545532227, 0.03636498004198074, -0.03404678404331207, -0.037521373480558395, 0.04743605852127075, -0.018809791654348373, -0.04634198173880577, 0.036410991102457047, -0.01960022561252117, 0.013495213352143764, 0.010330366902053356, -0.08538103103637695, -0.06092669442296028, 0.03382610157132149, -0.04063154011964798, 0.01959216594696045, -0.018839461728930473, 0.027118593454360962, 0.03492981567978859, 0.05783909559249878, 0.0325416661798954, 0.057076673954725266, 0.025181882083415985, -0.013353325426578522, -0.014596270397305489, -0.04748230800032616, 0.010374577715992928, -0.03263833373785019, 0.029046256095170975, -0.01421669777482748, -0.05859893560409546, 0.0017161723226308823, -0.005940874572843313, 0.013449275866150856, -0.028459744527935982, 0.06637215614318848, -0.015339275822043419, -0.019893720746040344, -0.020308056846261024, 0.020893217995762825, -0.020828088745474815, 0.05647270753979683, 0.014844637364149094, 0.07724391669034958, 0.017926443368196487, -0.01952328160405159, 0.009122567251324654, 0.031108643859624863, -0.018372535705566406, 0.03772083669900894, -0.005331995896995068, -0.018329819664359093, -0.03591552749276161, 0.012335541658103466, 0.046151138842105865, -0.013380778022110462, -0.038613997399806976, 0.0031097610481083393, 0.012028074823319912, -0.022588029503822327, 0.03379572555422783, 0.030368776991963387, -0.0438772551715374, 0.01874009519815445, -0.03917167708277702, -0.03394670784473419, -0.0464962013065815, 0.02210242487490177, -0.02766960673034191, 0.036608461290597916, 0.026645438745617867, 0.042343802750110626, 0.0004562511167023331, -0.007564608473330736, -0.031250663101673126, -0.059926606714725494, 0.013615572825074196, 0.014299892820417881, 0.001029469189234078, 0.0014325091615319252, 0.06425265967845917, -0.027634790167212486, -0.030937425792217255, 0.022954067215323448, -0.030673546716570854, -0.043058477342128754, -0.004620352294296026, -0.01834329590201378, 0.01883992925286293, -0.01657559908926487, -0.03883858770132065, 0.01577230542898178, 0.010322827845811844, -0.035899899899959564, 0.015372159890830517, -0.06725191324949265, 0.07674871385097504, 0.038715627044439316, 0.022446634247899055, 0.020282192155718803, 0.012215209193527699, -0.0003551928384695202, 0.012335263192653656, -0.022256741300225258, 0.016724446788430214, -0.055260684341192245, -0.020093698054552078, 0.06851334869861603, 0.05107320100069046, -0.047941792756319046, 0.021165519952774048, 0.051504820585250854, 0.030450111255049706, 0.022595440968871117, 0.008031302131712437, -0.023108331486582756, -0.008464816026389599, 0.024967802688479424, 0.02033805102109909, -0.008286485448479652, 0.014278408139944077, 0.011252643540501595, 0.008815966546535492, 0.03919721394777298, 0.009874518029391766, -0.03948970511555672, 0.05206391215324402, 0.018127361312508583, 0.005805078893899918, -0.01035274751484394, -0.06620226800441742, 0.0018018399132415652, -0.0314633846282959, -0.0029666158370673656, -0.014192293398082256, -0.02166549116373062, 0.005496916826814413, 0.014992153272032738, -0.039477743208408356, 0.008584147319197655, 0.0267680361866951, -0.006360006518661976, 0.005430156830698252, 0.03909902647137642, -0.07040225714445114, 0.021039994433522224, -0.03626426309347153, -0.025780631229281425, -0.03830926865339279, 0.0366504043340683, 0.029671819880604744, -0.015880584716796875, 0.02424461394548416, 0.015551318414509296, 0.0011795812752097845, 0.0372641459107399, -0.040323417633771896, 0.0572131983935833, 0.021799473091959953, -0.057640619575977325, 0.02012794092297554, -0.004377458244562149, -0.03479774296283722, 0.04608825594186783, -0.01321840938180685, -0.017094256356358528, 0.01423518918454647, 0.008313950151205063, -0.07398507744073868, -0.038975607603788376, -0.0504753403365612, 0.02577137015759945, 0.014753754250705242, -0.02310481108725071, 0.045293405652046204, -0.025918278843164444, -0.020269114524126053, 0.031029487028717995, -0.01272005494683981, -0.006390873808413744, -0.020927002653479576, -0.003985160030424595, -0.018945841118693352, -0.0051068710163235664, -0.06254959106445312, 0.0827927365899086, -0.026371745392680168, 0.010057884268462658, -0.035228073596954346, -0.02254725992679596, 0.018681908026337624, 0.0010703785810619593, 0.014218734577298164, 0.017689647153019905, 0.008820110000669956, 0.08573105186223984, 0.02940618246793747, -0.019650470465421677, -0.018209634348750114, -0.008666391484439373, -0.020717449486255646, -0.028393253684043884, 0.019496556371450424, 0.005174695514142513, 0.016585897654294968, -0.017634153366088867, -0.005618284456431866, 0.011782304383814335, 0.08477093279361725, 0.001662395428866148, 0.0006351302145048976, 0.011846578679978848, 0.014981573447585106, -0.04062729701399803, 0.045279666781425476, 0.04777659475803375, -0.030537566170096397, 0.034311916679143906, -0.004124327562749386, 0.009866345673799515, 0.008658485487103462, -0.020451772958040237, 0.04839558154344559, -0.02296852134168148, -0.016055593267083168, -0.06838361918926239, 0.007945839315652847, -0.00031278602546080947, -0.048263389617204666, -0.012896934524178505, 0.04006172716617584, 0.03192483261227608, -0.028970809653401375, 0.014675329439342022, 0.033953431993722916, 0.03583984076976776, -0.007170217577368021, -0.004832744598388672, -0.013682298362255096, -0.04706227034330368, 0.007865608669817448, 0.006644316017627716, 0.02347833663225174, 0.03424918279051781, 0.026269560679793358, 0.00515318289399147, 0.027326684445142746, -0.012525015510618687, 0.010521873831748962, -0.11006378382444382, 0.02733416110277176, -0.01685362495481968, 0.09333009272813797, 0.010740564204752445, 0.028394654393196106, -0.010503464378416538, -0.024119339883327484, 0.037435904145240784, 0.0019994915928691626, -0.06521958857774734, 0.05191698670387268, 0.0070139020681381226, -0.008569336496293545, -0.003735403763130307, -0.0025389003567397594, 0.009572449140250683, -0.026722904294729233, -0.01953348144888878, -0.022015707567334175, -0.01260403636842966, -0.01899700053036213, 0.03246510773897171, -0.01452440395951271, -0.008259693160653114, -0.009639367461204529, 0.0020610892679542303, -0.005747480317950249, -0.002025395166128874, -0.0059041655622422695, 0.02523469366133213, -0.008500445634126663, -0.010138029232621193, 0.0042612445540726185, 0.01038967352360487, -0.005294634494930506, 0.014231372624635696, -0.0018850112101063132, 0.034578192979097366, -0.022179298102855682, 0.02268986776471138, 0.011262013576924801, 0.040277767926454544, 0.0059889270924031734, -0.018878288567066193, -0.02393937297165394, -0.07711715996265411, -0.005957609508186579, 0.02504684217274189, 0.006560125853866339, 0.010194020345807076, 0.006349505390971899, -0.001329656457528472, 0.02266192063689232, -0.07670171558856964, -0.006809782702475786, 0.053267430514097214, -0.01813199743628502, -0.02681155689060688, -0.009999191388487816, -0.018939461559057236, 0.01864451728761196, 0.026812175288796425, 0.04164111241698265, -0.013710332103073597, -0.01201123557984829, 0.022919729351997375, 0.006885962560772896, -0.05121831223368645, -0.004016769118607044, -0.0012723107356578112, 0.015080577693879604, 0.03829079493880272, -0.012142695486545563, 0.012029225006699562, -0.027750380337238312, 0.03835556283593178, 0.07692999392747879, 0.008470955304801464, 0.0023405994288623333, -0.07627086341381073, 0.017280742526054382, 0.05776413902640343, 0.0644182562828064, -0.031199434772133827, -0.025442618876695633, -0.06211317330598831, -0.0387989766895771, 0.029338404536247253, -0.009629572741687298, 0.03416066989302635, 0.0024517530109733343, -0.018165409564971924, -0.034256935119628906, -0.02197442203760147, -0.007839057594537735, 0.009996413253247738, 0.0034373998641967773, 0.04285664111375809, -0.0015064860926941037, -0.020777013152837753, -0.04706983268260956, -0.020197998732328415, 0.00021594518329948187, 0.0863308310508728, -0.001861979952082038, 0.018863417208194733, 0.008631044998764992, 0.01561624463647604, -0.015239657834172249, -0.10190602391958237, -0.033056844025850296, -0.005020476877689362, -0.03377765417098999, 0.030050726607441902, -0.03297649323940277, -0.06940022855997086, 0.018190210685133934, 0.0005210023373365402, -0.05836082994937897, -0.05396103113889694, -0.04970671981573105, 0.03396144136786461, 0.04037989675998688, 0.032126910984516144, 0.03876619040966034, 0.006234280299395323, 0.0027719473000615835, 0.018919797614216805, 0.01183077972382307, 0.021620912477374077, -0.008908050134778023, 0.0034910475369542837, -0.01831488497555256, -0.01440275739878416, -0.01697360724210739, 0.029013684019446373, 0.0353335402905941, 0.07218626886606216, -0.012876821681857109, 0.0008565610623918474, -0.02986590750515461, 0.05969211459159851, -0.0020640315487980843, -0.049242809414863586, 0.02428564429283142, 0.03908270597457886, -0.026379399001598358, -0.020705129951238632, 0.03386198729276657, -0.00666023837402463, 0.0021816531661897898, 0.04900311306118965, -0.018317800015211105, -0.007992513477802277, -0.05116860568523407, -0.027712147682905197, 0.019690480083227158, -0.01230113860219717, 0.062004800885915756, 0.029846277087926865, 0.04723982885479927, 0.026345930993556976, -0.018068859353661537, -0.030407674610614777, -0.023257367312908173, -0.017008395865559578, -0.0005100993439555168, -0.04505481198430061, 0.04890594258904457, -0.011242222040891647, -0.011978242546319962, -0.06825631111860275, -0.05071374028921127, 0.03674371540546417, 0.01395924761891365, -0.03937273845076561, -0.03393513709306717, 0.0231278408318758, -0.004270810168236494, -0.025419674813747406, -0.009883107617497444, 0.049922022968530655, -0.029437916353344917, 0.015713689848780632, -0.00667265709489584, -0.005059222225099802, 0.07924851030111313, -0.02019370160996914, 0.02816537395119667, 0.028706977143883705, -0.003947551362216473, -0.014166830107569695, -0.015139720402657986, 0.05874358490109444, -0.023196151480078697, 0.005844182800501585, -0.011042967438697815, 0.01989036612212658, 0.03098970837891102, -0.025067687034606934, 0.03594672307372093, 0.05379350855946541, 0.02516421489417553, -0.03311483561992645, -0.03652584180235863, 0.009888354688882828, -0.00923322793096304, -0.0075884233228862286, 0.007054336369037628, -0.0025400505401194096, -0.009528543800115585, -0.0070722829550504684, 0.05038781091570854, 0.022569453343749046, 0.007369627244770527, -0.0009121249313466251, 0.04583434760570526, -0.029729319736361504, 0.020456908270716667, -0.0012068182695657015, -0.06788504868745804, 0.046333685517311096, -0.00893130898475647, 0.05358710139989853, -0.031261932104825974, -0.01074355561286211, -0.059021756052970886, -0.031440772116184235, -0.027537694200873375, -0.0025352071970701218, 0.042228955775499344, 0.026605673134326935, 0.05309586971998215, 0.02367401123046875, -0.009333306923508644, -0.01742902211844921, -0.043521150946617126, -0.05248551815748215, -0.017664507031440735, -0.006005832925438881, 0.03176001459360123, 0.024205582216382027, 0.014891281723976135, 0.02324792556464672, 0.0024377433583140373, 0.02711987867951393, 0.04049763083457947, 0.0016030456172302365, 0.007983917370438576, 0.01843596249818802, -0.04487770423293114, -0.03514551371335983, 0.03150705620646477, -0.03652188181877136, 0.05197989195585251, -0.007622217759490013, -0.01792965643107891, 0.06393147259950638, 0.023792289197444916, 0.02990291826426983, -0.028423530980944633, -0.002069133101031184, -0.03524796664714813, 0.010801211930811405, -0.0019240430556237698, -0.01166599616408348, 0.0036320462822914124, 0.021739928051829338, 0.023483384400606155, -0.00666098203510046, 0.0332355871796608, -0.04014384374022484, -0.07442346960306168, -0.03513748571276665, -0.016380000859498978, -0.024837395176291466, 0.03392116352915764, 0.011201885528862476, -0.06420128792524338, 0.009707372635602951, -0.004272058140486479, 0.05248941108584404, -0.013493792153894901, 0.03880082443356514, -0.01412956416606903, 0.042017094790935516, -0.03278825804591179, 0.0049577574245631695, 0.02153521031141281, -0.03335333243012428, 0.11261341720819473, 0.09288681298494339, 0.03307449445128441, -0.08455716818571091, 0.0034809575881808996, -0.041356608271598816, -0.022032657638192177, -0.014760458841919899, 0.012153997085988522, 0.021232787519693375, 0.01881479285657406, 0.010737692005932331, 0.0003490424423944205, 0.008980301208794117, -0.0074857305735349655, 0.04868962615728378, 0.00994956400245428, -0.0123775415122509, 0.031634800136089325, 0.023847822099924088, 0.013182410970330238, 0.02071799896657467, -0.038125067949295044, -0.013063088990747929, -0.014403954148292542, -0.04593022167682648, -0.0037902991753071547, -0.043188709765672684, 0.05027473717927933, -0.0015364569844678044, -0.014854048378765583, -0.009688091464340687, -0.0341065414249897, -0.007279531564563513, -0.005236401222646236, 0.01877499558031559, 0.001605419209226966, -0.01872372440993786, 0.0332489013671875, 0.01591763272881508, 0.05024678632616997, -0.014995072036981583, -0.026827171444892883, -0.0035187506582587957, -0.032792795449495316, -0.005534508265554905, -0.04107120260596275, 0.025097215548157692, -0.022604016587138176, 0.01395128108561039, 0.02238471619784832, 0.028093501925468445, 0.028899716213345528, -0.022715874016284943, -0.013843887485563755, 0.0472622774541378, 0.0500401109457016, -0.03267191722989082, -0.022836674004793167, -0.027624284848570824, 0.012269607745110989, -0.02754608727991581, -0.005529670976102352, 0.021204940974712372, 0.012597450986504555, -0.03237525001168251, -0.06301194429397583, -0.017146578058600426, 0.0035544049460440874, 0.04607217013835907, -0.014974222518503666, -0.04146520048379898, 0.012268629856407642, -0.004975280724465847, 0.019104717299342155, -0.005536702927201986, 0.0031190987210720778, -0.019286317750811577, -0.030799025669693947, 0.003150604898110032, -0.03193458914756775, 0.014136621728539467, -0.0265957023948431, 0.024344103410840034, -0.026194928213953972, 0.0006126575171947479, 0.0475335493683815, 0.008899933658540249, 0.029814742505550385, 0.0396554209291935, -0.0048070610500872135, -0.015004055574536324, 0.021973174065351486, -0.04088686406612396, -0.008358245715498924, 0.012338521890342236, -0.028408439829945564, 0.0027132306713610888, -0.013677449896931648, 0.052267447113990784, 0.015204613097012043, 0.0007389089441858232, -0.0013840981991961598, -0.013248562812805176, 0.012474351562559605, 0.013655467890202999, -0.02379927970468998, -0.03450869023799896, 0.0148872509598732, -0.019534794613718987, 0.014097785577178001, -0.05297234654426575, -0.000983926118351519, -0.05003267526626587, -0.002020701766014099, -0.014938308857381344, 0.020139148458838463, -0.022670717909932137, 0.026077603921294212, -0.0012196009047329426, 0.04862556979060173, -0.03696514293551445, 0.014341053552925587, -0.04315704479813576, 0.0012286189012229443, -0.02667311765253544, -0.018364552408456802, -0.007912199944257736, 0.01187038328498602, 0.019864384084939957, -0.0036430824548006058, 0.047637663781642914, -0.004989926237612963, 0.018270328640937805, -0.002192944986745715, 0.024951891973614693, -0.028509264811873436, 0.0215993020683527, -0.024571344256401062, -0.03550492227077484, 0.007181895896792412, -0.026578839868307114, -0.026666197925806046, 0.00825678464025259, -0.007699339650571346, 0.02003307268023491, 0.047128066420555115, -0.04031151533126831, -0.011676579713821411, 0.004575910046696663, -0.03323788940906525, -0.026952430605888367, -0.025422196835279465, 0.023641422390937805, 0.012471931055188179, 0.011423771269619465, 0.02730790339410305, 0.002487946068868041, 0.003913086373358965, 0.018283160403370857, 0.020980173721909523, -0.001833455404266715, 0.014946228824555874, -0.004456548951566219, -0.0021994379349052906, 0.020537517964839935, 0.020987698808312416, 0.023389026522636414, 0.03032558597624302, 0.0038785769138485193, -0.010341833345592022, 0.025030922144651413, -0.005768689326941967, 0.0074099767953157425, -0.07342907041311264, -0.024552877992391586, -0.008931242860853672, -0.025678424164652824, 0.06215091049671173, -0.07565878331661224, 0.01609405130147934, 0.047809675335884094, -0.06637576967477798, 0.017998430877923965, 0.0009265163680538535, 0.006881402805447578, -0.00039118013228289783, 0.032299596816301346, 0.03437177091836929, 0.037229012697935104, 0.019092345610260963, 0.006973885931074619, 0.038524944335222244, -0.0034689856693148613, 0.006958210840821266, -0.012747162021696568, -0.02110152691602707, 0.026912346482276917, -0.005619258154183626, -0.034130193293094635, 0.01822780817747116, -0.0625477060675621, -0.03596392273902893, 0.03929397091269493, -0.0072054434567689896, -0.012137326411902905, 0.0433322973549366, 0.033215027302503586, -0.017797989770770073, 0.01484716683626175, 0.025048227980732918, -0.018514178693294525, -0.036718934774398804, 0.021267257630825043, 0.018859852105379105, 0.03049507550895214, 0.004361733328551054, 0.012517602182924747, 0.012968187220394611, 0.0069019971415400505, -0.03111961856484413, 0.014594466425478458, -0.0058313896879553795, -0.03512817248702049, 0.023027649149298668, -0.008692072704434395, 0.010202550329267979, -0.017183348536491394, -0.01145157776772976, 0.0011584366438910365, 0.016950378194451332, -0.01164044626057148, 0.007460086140781641, 0.010087999515235424, 0.014375572092831135, -0.0068739429116249084, -0.008252589963376522, -0.02239890955388546, -0.005751538556069136, 0.008751059882342815, -0.03334392234683037, 0.014116638340055943, 0.053541168570518494, -0.04084573686122894, -0.027425820007920265, -0.02646009251475334, -0.009506159462034702, 0.05307238548994064, -0.010153262875974178, 0.00908692553639412, 0.005918199196457863, -0.01391997467726469, 0.02106301486492157, -0.039256468415260315, 0.07215846329927444, -0.01696169562637806, -0.009536306373775005, -0.04632123187184334, -0.02123164013028145, -0.020665442571043968, -0.016275854781270027, 0.053610749542713165, -0.03643906116485596, 0.027056803926825523, -0.03583920747041702, 0.009137679822742939, 0.02684824727475643, -0.04979187250137329, 0.017729558050632477, -0.008908027783036232, -0.056878648698329926, -0.05256788432598114, -0.019959071651101112, 0.0012610683916136622, 0.02629639394581318, 0.04125335067510605, 0.024959178641438484, 0.03398679569363594, 0.027278712019324303, -0.0008776803151704371, 0.037737004458904266, 0.024101290851831436, 0.017752639949321747, 0.05456174910068512, -0.01705738715827465, -0.02289472334086895, 0.007084339391440153, -0.013630603440105915, -0.03691333532333374, 0.03149757906794548, -0.020272035151720047, -0.02534770779311657, -0.01906787045300007, 0.014101207256317139, 0.05016591399908066, -0.06112218275666237, -0.008043985813856125, 0.022936947643756866, -0.03229841589927673, 0.015984030440449715, 0.04565438628196716, -0.012603863142430782, 0.021316008642315865, -0.00002116614814440254, 0.047989971935749054, 0.004569717682898045, 0.02736806310713291, -0.03497583791613579, 0.03024503029882908, 0.0214898269623518, -0.008392161689698696, 0.06223210319876671, 0.013734543696045876, -0.03604428470134735, 0.05139172077178955, -0.014679225161671638, 0.002785028889775276, -0.0670689195394516, -0.011495637707412243, 0.008975333534181118, -0.01105077937245369, -0.017410801723599434, -0.004635348916053772, -0.035524774342775345, 0.08293236792087555, -0.06110738590359688, -0.00362982926890254, 0.0013692830689251423, -0.016323287039995193, -0.009005697444081306, -0.03436269983649254, -0.011621438898146152, 0.04114650934934616, 0.0038613067008554935, 0.008403642103075981, 0.010697842575609684, 0.05343465134501457, 0.06140141561627388, -0.050603680312633514, 0.027149725705385208, 0.006384350825101137, -0.010755451396107674, -0.04466887563467026, -0.0170211810618639, -0.048501431941986084, -0.0028375203255563974, 0.01106997486203909, 0.04087522253394127, 0.013830762356519699, -0.006810538005083799, 0.0012805730802938342, -0.0361563041806221, 0.043603137135505676, -0.05427149310708046, 0.03794019669294357, -0.04392353072762489, -0.0030707591213285923, -0.01478277426213026, -0.02514854446053505 ]
<p>After reviewing related questions on Cross Validated and countless articles and discussions regarding the inappropriate use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepwise_regression" rel="nofollow">stepwise regression</a> for variable selection, I am still unable to find the answers that I am looking for in regards to building parsimonious, binary logistic regression models from datasets with 1000 (or more) potential predictor variables.</p> <p>For some background information, I typically work with large datasets, 500k or more rows, and my interest is in building binary logistic regression models to predict whether an individual will pay (1) or not pay (0) their bill on a particular account without using stepwise logistic regression. Currently, stepwise logistic regression is hailed as the “perfect method” among other statisticians that I have worked with, and I would like to change that as I have witnessed many of its pitfalls firsthand. </p> <p>I have recently dabbled in PCA (<code>proc varclus</code>) and random forest analyses (<code>randomForest</code>) with the latter being especially helpful; however, I am still seeking further direction on how to reduce the number of variables in my binary logistic models without using stepwise logistic regression. With that being said, any help (suggested articles or thoughts) is greatly appreciated. Thanks!</p>
74,096
[ -0.019226180389523506, -0.005401151720434427, -0.005382766481488943, 0.008302469737827778, 0.0416443832218647, -0.02481641061604023, -0.013827284798026085, -0.026959285140037537, 0.044467102736234665, -0.04149165377020836, 0.021406536921858788, 0.029495863243937492, 0.008754521608352661, 0.01928456872701645, 0.00923832692205906, 0.02398996241390705, 0.017242006957530975, 0.018242157995700836, 0.010981665924191475, -0.025378281250596046, -0.0005705439252778888, -0.00018643091607373208, 0.04649362713098526, -0.016017520800232887, 0.004706456791609526, 0.062384285032749176, 0.03167278319597244, -0.03075341135263443, -0.023723861202597618, 0.03521159663796425, -0.015348180197179317, -0.01773667521774769, -0.011016381904482841, 0.06206202879548073, 0.02471332624554634, -0.023682208731770515, -0.013136160559952259, -0.02141347900032997, 0.007038930431008339, 0.02541072480380535, -0.012234100140631199, 0.005445101764053106, -0.03166728839278221, 0.030435333028435707, -0.0033695376478135586, 0.0015938659198582172, 0.026250267401337624, -0.01523122563958168, 0.015343762002885342, -0.050653185695409775, 0.037665028125047684, -0.029665108770132065, 0.061977569013834, 0.0417671799659729, -0.0009000999853014946, -0.01853998377919197, 0.06203928589820862, 0.07708556950092316, -0.010308250784873962, -0.013005714863538742, -0.03197912126779556, -0.0040772296488285065, -0.0068051922135055065, -0.008918333798646927, -0.01697312481701374, 0.0634194016456604, 0.011576514691114426, -0.0005648212390951812, 0.021996088325977325, -0.008825474418699741, 0.03077581897377968, -0.032108794897794724, 0.019889026880264282, 0.020652426406741142, -0.003009274834766984, -0.0026298770681023598, -0.01348328310996294, 0.006127012427896261, 0.038460299372673035, 0.04888584092259407, -0.036929331719875336, -0.018714791163802147, 0.0022129006683826447, 0.05489815026521683, 0.039299823343753815, 0.002716850023716688, 0.05937526375055313, -0.053862374275922775, 0.0141450185328722, 0.010604752227663994, -0.006938612088561058, 0.027712170034646988, 0.05494175851345062, 0.04763632267713547, -0.016968294978141785, 0.04280059039592743, -0.004977784585207701, 0.04952200874686241, 0.016537362709641457, -0.017319688573479652, -0.006525503937155008, -0.014675299637019634, 0.02767467312514782, 0.05787917971611023, -0.040957458317279816, 0.02833966538310051, -0.04155471920967102, 0.007036271970719099, -0.01031152531504631, -0.05336054041981697, -0.026893051341176033, 0.005084655247628689, 0.010577511042356491, -0.01622859574854374, -0.005906438920646906, -0.025919673964381218, -0.003395786974579096, -0.05080360546708107, 0.024875912815332413, 0.06077272817492485, 0.04509757086634636, -0.04275020211935043, 0.018908997997641563, -0.04273103177547455, -0.04704810678958893, -0.00862449873238802, -0.006541070062667131, 0.01712765358388424, -0.01211413275450468, 0.05599493905901909, 0.0136778699234128, -0.05088437721133232, 0.05647403001785278, 0.007377708330750465, 0.02823389694094658, -0.0016521321376785636, -0.06753656268119812, -0.03149043396115303, 0.03219084441661835, -0.018241610378026962, 0.04743179306387901, -0.014592966996133327, -0.01129763014614582, 0.02135905995965004, 0.036467719823122025, -0.03294549137353897, 0.012251640670001507, 0.041896481066942215, 0.021646084263920784, 0.02203686349093914, -0.0347982756793499, 0.0006543422932736576, -0.048142556101083755, 0.0292698685079813, -0.022167636081576347, -0.07342564314603806, 0.07252038270235062, 0.004243672359734774, -0.022173356264829636, -0.009239894337952137, 0.0008134730742312968, 0.00134135945700109, -0.025448711588978767, -0.03395156189799309, -0.020617125555872917, -0.014544656500220299, 0.07938896864652634, -0.034324243664741516, 0.045344557613134384, 0.024500403553247452, -0.0033840492833405733, 0.0013241487322375178, 0.01800394430756569, 0.05797837674617767, 0.03312469646334648, -0.008247405290603638, 0.0002159066789317876, -0.025414716452360153, 0.011790449731051922, 0.02778518944978714, -0.026531094685196877, -0.02257942222058773, 0.005314160138368607, -0.01724010705947876, 0.017862075939774513, 0.033723581582307816, 0.008092682808637619, -0.04360007122159004, 0.04707193374633789, -0.025528714060783386, -0.05861226096749306, -0.04392296448349953, 0.029103226959705353, 0.004432447254657745, 0.007818717509508133, 0.03232772648334503, 0.003791373921558261, 0.0027785003185272217, -0.036684393882751465, -0.02487499639391899, -0.06140077859163284, 0.018645409494638443, 0.0456894189119339, -0.05086642876267433, -0.008624305948615074, 0.011408845894038677, 0.026930637657642365, -0.030625535175204277, 0.04307476058602333, -0.050097014755010605, -0.0575924813747406, 0.006238337140530348, -0.012623729184269905, 0.019438013434410095, -0.04697375372052193, -0.015439094975590706, 0.04996835067868233, -0.013638916425406933, -0.026767157018184662, 0.04970210790634155, -0.08766120672225952, 0.0598919577896595, 0.058037206530570984, 0.018783578649163246, -0.00921365711838007, -0.0005467513110488653, -0.004806496202945709, -0.005968410521745682, -0.04062042385339737, -0.001475175260566175, -0.054188262671232224, -0.017262576147913933, 0.07476086169481277, -0.011028783395886421, -0.038513559848070145, -0.03500180318951607, 0.05895541235804558, 0.00925323087722063, 0.030741332098841667, -0.001734299585223198, 0.005827737972140312, -0.02094135247170925, 0.0038850796408951283, 0.029882630333304405, -0.029750512912869453, 0.012628693133592606, 0.024237705394625664, -0.013618960976600647, 0.04778736084699631, 0.014861686155200005, -0.02556338906288147, 0.03211071342229843, 0.027472984045743942, 0.03840942308306694, -0.014159479178488255, -0.04528729245066643, 0.054529763758182526, -0.0009439033456146717, 0.022308209910988808, 0.04123235121369362, 0.05124383047223091, -0.003985279239714146, -0.0014388123527169228, -0.005025635939091444, 0.021209726110100746, 0.045245856046676636, -0.05505954474210739, 0.03615546226501465, 0.009591104462742805, -0.04628869891166687, 0.012063458561897278, -0.021886147558689117, -0.05800247937440872, -0.061267394572496414, 0.02646627277135849, -0.014106434769928455, 0.00003900131196132861, 0.034103281795978546, -0.011191874742507935, -0.02068094164133072, 0.006829557474702597, -0.023704327642917633, 0.03721395879983902, 0.007123963441699743, -0.06603632867336273, -0.029927419498562813, -0.03213747963309288, -0.007120147347450256, 0.03539089486002922, -0.020674163475632668, -0.021962350234389305, 0.00866646971553564, -0.014505199156701565, -0.06433063000440598, -0.00517469085752964, 0.00042351349839009345, 0.0139433853328228, 0.005845651496201754, -0.022387851029634476, 0.006700161844491959, 0.03173209726810455, -0.059437815099954605, -0.011251796968281269, -0.03843597695231438, -0.0027884573210030794, -0.0080224284902215, -0.03628635033965111, 0.0014242068864405155, 0.021786989644169807, -0.0013149403966963291, 0.03450130298733711, -0.04698086157441139, 0.014084053225815296, -0.04870123788714409, -0.0705886259675026, 0.0062467739917337894, 0.029173169285058975, 0.04739722982048988, -0.009098036214709282, -0.0043120309710502625, 0.058560486882925034, 0.038297366350889206, -0.03296853229403496, -0.05148937180638313, 0.00011961622658418491, -0.041721466928720474, -0.018653567880392075, -0.013807926326990128, 0.014503948390483856, 0.031693365424871445, 0.03018377348780632, -0.04522794857621193, 0.03650170564651489, 0.033525578677654266, 0.02103188820183277, -0.0026286642532795668, 0.014375917613506317, -0.004692864138633013, -0.01752161607146263, 0.015080166049301624, 0.020174289122223854, -0.02158438414335251, 0.014000671915709972, -0.009338629432022572, -0.008841480128467083, 0.001253322116099298, -0.07878370583057404, -0.005239221733063459, -0.02683771401643753, 0.05335031822323799, -0.018476737663149834, -0.03706749528646469, 0.00046749087050557137, -0.08960280567407608, 0.025696733966469765, 0.03035583347082138, 0.0323064848780632, -0.03536907956004143, 0.008778147399425507, 0.002265672665089369, 0.029109518975019455, 0.0018894360400736332, -0.005332518834620714, -0.021213950589299202, -0.01676243543624878, 0.0017509422032162547, 0.0012161509366706014, 0.04150347039103508, 0.025006404146552086, 0.03194132074713707, 0.03926809877157211, 0.01243184506893158, -0.054680805653333664, 0.023850297555327415, -0.07615551352500916, 0.0008108014008030295, -0.05968744307756424, 0.06823664903640747, 0.01164489146322012, 0.03881228342652321, 0.0071702320128679276, -0.03014741837978363, 0.0016203535487875342, 0.02937324345111847, -0.054563168436288834, -0.001138900755904615, -0.024869993329048157, 0.048116277903318405, 0.0024618066381663084, -0.015840157866477966, 0.024732213467359543, -0.022006291896104813, -0.007648198865354061, -0.02717513218522072, 0.0408184714615345, -0.009826477617025375, 0.0036006553564220667, -0.010661430656909943, -0.026597458869218826, -0.011645586229860783, -0.014311302453279495, 0.0012969330418854952, -0.007785925175994635, 0.020891327410936356, 0.04492718726396561, 0.02987057715654373, -0.04995032027363777, -0.03535860404372215, -0.009479796513915062, 0.02400566264986992, 0.04260323941707611, -0.00011140926653752103, 0.012296388857066631, -0.04098508879542351, 0.01527523435652256, -0.010290553793311119, 0.020465655252337456, 0.03450630232691765, -0.010646180249750614, -0.007882856763899326, -0.039391957223415375, -0.016414392739534378, -0.006624097470194101, -0.018719976767897606, 0.016872704029083252, 0.016410602256655693, 0.047936514019966125, 0.02139134705066681, -0.05759827792644501, -0.010536935180425644, 0.07038257271051407, 0.016169359907507896, -0.018881991505622864, 0.005783112719655037, -0.015353141352534294, 0.004189955070614815, -0.016420109197497368, 0.04194794222712517, 0.027711039409041405, -0.0028371396474540234, -0.03727910295128822, 0.059692345559597015, -0.02871507778763771, -0.025103766471147537, -0.007103280629962683, 0.02925180457532406, 0.055350758135318756, 0.008082940243184566, -0.03835998848080635, 0.01473313570022583, 0.0436987541615963, -0.00830600131303072, -0.0019425571663305163, 0.0034974380396306515, -0.08511058241128922, 0.006670658942312002, 0.05350141227245331, 0.07200425118207932, -0.04777884483337402, -0.002161826007068157, -0.030221855267882347, -0.011951232329010963, 0.01919323019683361, -0.052909888327121735, 0.005041997879743576, 0.00008620815788162872, 0.07078365236520767, -0.02384626492857933, -0.042996495962142944, -0.07016272842884064, 0.0007064195233397186, -0.04287877678871155, 0.03891236335039139, -0.010201442055404186, -0.02437514252960682, -0.0199119970202446, 0.025979058817029, -0.011350616812705994, 0.04526355117559433, -0.0036144587211310863, -0.020021595060825348, 0.04795029014348984, 0.010697060264647007, 0.0236551184207201, -0.04220923036336899, 0.0030198271851986647, -0.026426304131746292, -0.01419990137219429, 0.02696138620376587, 0.01515180990099907, -0.08264409750699997, -0.008779821917414665, 0.039823148399591446, -0.018380992114543915, 0.014755994081497192, -0.035657595843076706, 0.038296762853860855, -0.0017392134759575129, 0.020027343183755875, 0.06451889872550964, 0.037224847823381424, -0.004390306305140257, 0.0064696515910327435, -0.023246431723237038, 0.02213159203529358, -0.01397829782217741, -0.0483434721827507, -0.051479779183864594, -0.02960943430662155, -0.021903937682509422, 0.030954014509916306, -0.035057175904512405, 0.025049882009625435, 0.011876204051077366, -0.020083321258425713, -0.018967662006616592, 0.019947906956076622, -0.02831617370247841, 0.014877376146614552, 0.004571796394884586, 0.012125120498239994, -0.006808226462453604, -0.015696458518505096, 0.028116555884480476, -0.005007878877222538, 0.007827863097190857, 0.008490664884448051, -0.039531245827674866, 0.009446173906326294, -0.046425119042396545, -0.028000419959425926, 0.013556626625359058, 0.003357604146003723, 0.0686509981751442, 0.01917964033782482, 0.052680157124996185, -0.020432258024811745, -0.05059991776943207, 0.008925498463213444, 0.03208361566066742, 0.0114629240706563, 0.0043245954439044, -0.014744995161890984, 0.038099922239780426, -0.05492495745420456, -0.013050848618149757, -0.05981322377920151, -0.04201791435480118, -0.01216077245771885, 0.010987546294927597, 0.01699606142938137, -0.055322855710983276, 0.00937951635569334, -0.004101836122572422, -0.0015006961766630411, -0.007818051613867283, 0.03358890116214752, -0.029636239632964134, 0.02281998097896576, 0.01827496476471424, 0.0184821505099535, 0.0372694656252861, 0.015642020851373672, -0.06426247209310532, 0.014137985184788704, -0.024155929684638977, 0.007979127578437328, 0.01826382428407669, 0.006738342344760895, -0.029667554423213005, -0.011925600469112396, -0.03531063720583916, -0.006924237124621868, 0.03137833625078201, -0.018343176692724228, 0.0005757253966294229, -0.01052562240511179, -0.030272362753748894, 0.01268118154257536, -0.01228856761008501, 0.01674661412835121, 0.034732069820165634, 0.018091902136802673, -0.014047621749341488, 0.021398494020104408, -0.020403005182743073, 0.00732776615768671, 0.016076888889074326, 0.006603470537811518, -0.00663164583966136, 0.05601097643375397, 0.06439362466335297, -0.009424331597983837, 0.0388890840113163, -0.0027509399224072695, -0.0068613095209002495, 0.038403868675231934, 0.018326519057154655, 0.010341606102883816, -0.02685062773525715, 0.03730819374322891, 0.005049064289778471, -0.04568096995353699, -0.031094098463654518, -0.008403901942074299, 0.03136695176362991, 0.009938190691173077, 0.008165288716554642, 0.027567831799387932, -0.009677885100245476, 0.0013142561074346304, -0.04733096808195114, 0.007542040664702654, 0.04020113870501518, 0.023100558668375015, 0.059343691915273666, 0.008787313476204872, -0.030445463955402374, 0.021154986694455147, -0.011380546726286411, 0.04397503659129143, 0.044938765466213226, 0.001021049334667623, -0.011554710566997528, 0.03600088506937027, -0.062079545110464096, -0.028977269306778908, 0.019455570727586746, -0.047897402197122574, -0.009946141391992569, -0.023381518200039864, -0.012135151773691177, 0.044507063925266266, 0.028255252167582512, 0.008036656305193901, -0.04143224656581879, -0.017038417980074883, -0.046619877219200134, -0.016070617362856865, 0.020565008744597435, 0.01160687580704689, 0.03880039602518082, -0.015958141535520554, 0.0017919886158779263, -0.004041917622089386, 0.028704799711704254, -0.026595959439873695, -0.06167047098278999, -0.016024883836507797, -0.021215789020061493, -0.02342349849641323, 0.030506333336234093, 0.015980873256921768, -0.03104504756629467, -0.0003159919870086014, -0.03806130588054657, -0.001682107918895781, -0.03717925399541855, 0.00735772680491209, 0.022892815992236137, 0.04625388979911804, -0.0049591101706027985, 0.049942344427108765, 0.013517345301806927, -0.020006366074085236, 0.1290171593427658, 0.09714709222316742, 0.05900195986032486, -0.04840170592069626, 0.022056708112359047, 0.006976470351219177, 0.012698507867753506, -0.03000052087008953, -0.01597914844751358, -0.014941621571779251, -0.022795138880610466, 0.05162394419312477, 0.002103939186781645, -0.010186568833887577, -0.008372806012630463, 0.05814593285322189, -0.027179323136806488, -0.01484477985650301, 0.036958906799554825, 0.028459101915359497, 0.01829255372285843, -0.01596408151090145, -0.0014178650453686714, 0.03003671206533909, -0.00008743513171793893, -0.04567096009850502, -0.014306135475635529, 0.014597490429878235, 0.0033666561357676983, 0.01040437538176775, 0.02885548211634159, -0.023608028888702393, 0.03067336045205593, 0.019231805577874184, 0.03726399317383766, 0.00278331246227026, 0.033271320164203644, -0.041221633553504944, 0.004138140473514795, 0.02766956016421318, -0.03444107994437218, -0.014187726192176342, -0.005106741096824408, 0.0033475165255367756, -0.03959328681230545, -0.029874101281166077, -0.06446170806884766, 0.0419418103992939, -0.006426850333809853, -0.014605209231376648, -0.012894905172288418, -0.021716654300689697, 0.01050830539315939, -0.043121758848428726, -0.009115739725530148, 0.058475740253925323, 0.026873460039496422, -0.03192007541656494, -0.048415347933769226, -0.018087239935994148, 0.029393641278147697, 0.003873378038406372, 0.055820442736148834, 0.012699938379228115, -0.0397297665476799, -0.021526018157601357, -0.014245772734284401, 0.06481491029262543, 0.009426867589354515, 0.02834954299032688, 0.04499243572354317, -0.013044079765677452, -0.008925648406147957, 0.0005757219041697681, 0.030170952901244164, 0.027109844610095024, 0.00844686571508646, -0.034318890422582626, 0.0012499125441536307, -0.02276429906487465, -0.01874966360628605, -0.009346446953713894, -0.027066543698310852, -0.011295679025352001, -0.0427006371319294, 0.023295622318983078, -0.029620550572872162, 0.027000585570931435, 0.03833529353141785, -0.008091248571872711, 0.000060954229411436245, 0.06345850229263306, -0.013729903846979141, -0.07288256287574768, -0.0029982475098222494, -0.03142370283603668, -0.04730536416172981, 0.022727174684405327, 0.011883714236319065, 0.05408935621380806, 0.03804570809006691, 0.025772295892238617, -0.034227658063173294, 0.037114161998033524, -0.0008448679000139236, 0.004477003589272499, 0.03709373250603676, -0.05259232595562935, -0.0005906961159780622, -0.018913686275482178, -0.00431960541754961, -0.0033778853248804808, -0.008273649960756302, -0.024185754358768463, -0.0017723001074045897, 0.015147678554058075, -0.02347397617995739, -0.04583708196878433, 0.012545468285679817, -0.003807472065091133, 0.0008605684852227569, -0.04618895798921585, -0.029738694429397583, -0.02045556902885437, 0.0035340713802725077, -0.0101095549762249, -0.029865963384509087, 0.007207546383142471, -0.004889414180070162, 0.008613334968686104, 0.0014450919115915895, 0.06477177143096924, 0.019442344084382057, 0.0032606993336230516, -0.01058344915509224, 0.03818915784358978, -0.001701691304333508, 0.030748793855309486, -0.07466278225183487, -0.014034094288945198, 0.011574109084904194, -0.022262318059802055, -0.005679916124790907, 0.0324670784175396, -0.01103468518704176, 0.04318343475461006, 0.021997936069965363, -0.006927596405148506, -0.045310456305742264, 0.025872452184557915, 0.01572590507566929, -0.007038154639303684, 0.025931384414434433, 0.03169999644160271, 0.009929027408361435, 0.01022002287209034, -0.01635155640542507, 0.01633566990494728, -0.026631947606801987, 0.02827325463294983, 0.042893365025520325, 0.024312853813171387, -0.03238283097743988, 0.019849427044391632, 0.01644272916018963, 0.021436715498566628, 0.03883134573698044, 0.010462591424584389, 0.01990988291800022, 0.040595754981040955, -0.020941169932484627, 0.06410244107246399, -0.003913187887519598, 0.03725644573569298, -0.09130443632602692, -0.018447356298565865, 0.005176896695047617, 0.0344555638730526, 0.0013043078361079097, -0.03775153309106827, 0.008692072704434395, 0.022614192217588425, -0.027166804298758507, 0.007452184800058603, 0.024560503661632538, 0.02676251344382763, -0.0244551133364439, -0.017695261165499687, -0.022706203162670135, -0.012253966182470322, 0.03451729565858841, 0.007956364192068577, 0.0438748262822628, 0.03895288333296776, -0.004438410513103008, -0.06482809036970139, -0.006085438188165426, 0.015318477526307106, -0.025097515434026718, -0.06276930868625641, 0.028249621391296387, -0.04352087154984474, -0.0320928618311882, 0.01708683744072914, -0.005860418546944857, 0.007338028866797686, 0.019953284412622452, 0.025740066543221474, 0.017895618453621864, 0.06390679627656937, 0.025955786928534508, 0.018074871972203255, 0.01267696637660265, -0.0008427088614553213, 0.010927985422313213, 0.01770111918449402, 0.0069473497569561005, -0.00027274349122308195, 0.031144648790359497, 0.026480190455913544, -0.016306748613715172, 0.033263176679611206, -0.029690340161323547, -0.004399482160806656, -0.026856087148189545, -0.0019252371275797486, -0.01048123650252819, -0.03792563080787659, -0.011288766749203205, -0.05298343673348427, -0.00991727877408266, 0.0650397539138794, -0.0031579567585140467, -0.02932201325893402, 0.009347082115709782, -0.002794028026983142, -0.03612520545721054, -0.007625705096870661, -0.015377654694020748, -0.014505941420793533, -0.07348284125328064, 0.013196086511015892, 0.02741171233355999, -0.03953166306018829, -0.04503821209073067, 0.01015902403742075, -0.04143130034208298, 0.058902982622385025, -0.029323695227503777, 0.018424196168780327, 0.028617097064852715, -0.01610608398914337, 0.024956557899713516, -0.10713739693164825, 0.0818081870675087, -0.008870714344084263, -0.041177209466695786, -0.01890622451901436, -0.040987223386764526, -0.03798021376132965, -0.016113152727484703, 0.06772835552692413, -0.023284759372472763, 0.027566490694880486, -0.016952048987150192, 0.018814777955412865, -0.015555955469608307, -0.03408928960561752, 0.022477608174085617, -0.025135552510619164, -0.0316038578748703, -0.03341198340058327, -0.021999474614858627, 0.027503548189997673, -0.0076813953928649426, 0.01125902496278286, -0.03219117969274521, -0.009839046746492386, 0.0165022574365139, -0.016264913603663445, 0.011638726107776165, -0.024143515154719353, -0.0071550109423696995, 0.0026698140427470207, -0.00832313671708107, 0.00725150853395462, 0.030240004882216454, -0.010445059277117252, -0.07165727019309998, 0.02848433144390583, -0.035413723438978195, -0.01835419051349163, -0.008264865726232529, 0.024288920685648918, -0.00666362838819623, -0.040143899619579315, 0.05826231464743614, 0.05057988315820694, -0.049126800149679184, 0.05175841599702835, 0.02406056970357895, -0.0013983220560476184, 0.024516046047210693, 0.019694875925779343, 0.016869256272912025, 0.04355348274111748, -0.015005668625235558, 0.022974582388997078, -0.004094102419912815, 0.041824035346508026, -0.002649001544341445, -0.002990548498928547, 0.029721366241574287, -0.00032389163970947266, 0.037334226071834564, -0.006376015022397041, 0.02196686901152134, -0.016866622492671013, 0.0030214956495910883, -0.0011156657710671425, 0.003511503105983138, 0.010701529681682587, -0.022126713767647743, -0.016536379233002663, 0.06962545961141586, -0.03256530314683914, -0.013919157907366753, -0.054478615522384644, -0.009334266185760498, 0.01535376813262701, -0.018920544534921646, -0.022868037223815918, 0.0344378761947155, -0.004843196365982294, 0.014916407875716686, -0.01267777569591999, -0.009400681592524052, 0.021611621603369713, 0.023778310045599937, 0.007092710118740797, -0.006079602055251598, -0.0058407350443303585, 0.005461290944367647, -0.007894436828792095, 0.03103736601769924, -0.008508717641234398, 0.014144061133265495, 0.030228327959775925, 0.0185963436961174, -0.01204425934702158, -0.025322260335087776, 0.0010711399372667074, 0.04565141722559929, -0.048142530024051666, 0.0038050243165344, -0.028226938098669052, 0.01164919137954712, 0.017218107357621193, -0.01134154200553894 ]
<p>Apologies for the uninformative title. This is actually a fairly simple problem which I could easily do myself in matlab or perhaps stata, but the professor demands it be in SAS, which seems to have been designed for robots not humans.</p> <p>Say I have a matrix of farm output data with rows of crops at the farm and field level. For example, farm 1 has 3 fields so there are three rows for farm 1: $F_{11}, F_{12}, F_{13}$</p> <p>A crop column indicates the crop grown on each field of each farm.</p> <p>$F_{11}=corn$</p> <p>$F_{12}=beans$</p> <p>$F_{13}=squash$</p> <p>(The crops would actually be represented by a numerical value.)</p> <p>I need to come up with a SAS script that separates corn farms from non corn farms. I.e., I need to create a new binary <code>cornfarm=0 or 1</code> variable. Corn farms are defined as any farm growing corn on any of its fields.</p> <p>Corresponding pseudo-code would be something like this:</p> <pre><code>for i=1 to farmtotal for j=1 to farmfieldtotal if F(i,j)=corn then cornfield(i,j)=1 next j if sum(cornfield(i))&gt;0 then cornfarm(i)=1 next i </code></pre>
74,097
[ -0.0453735776245594, -0.020232686772942543, -0.0348154678940773, 0.020252840593457222, 0.004814633168280125, -0.013172573409974575, 0.04620926454663277, 0.0018457636469975114, 0.031984373927116394, -0.015215274877846241, -0.0004996953648515046, 0.03616628050804138, 0.03728056326508522, -0.0038195964880287647, 0.029563363641500473, 0.011399978771805763, 0.000717366870958358, -0.01771211065351963, -0.06111522018909454, 0.005057047121226788, 0.047162458300590515, 0.032867275178432465, 0.008141805417835712, -0.01819303072988987, 0.03264384716749191, 0.052043620496988297, 0.02200271748006344, -0.0491127148270607, 0.021443111822009087, 0.06588961184024811, -0.014144849963486195, -0.09262505918741226, 0.030743885785341263, 0.017022592946887016, 0.048591624945402145, -0.012993396259844303, -0.010809831321239471, -0.019947022199630737, -0.006460060831159353, 0.014382759109139442, -0.07304457575082779, 0.008357320912182331, -0.000990204862318933, 0.03023344837129116, -0.0035715512931346893, 0.022367365658283234, 0.019555991515517235, 0.016088664531707764, 0.02460412122309208, -0.0589350126683712, 0.038355130702257156, 0.003672741586342454, 0.029230903834104538, 0.01749417744576931, 0.004275166895240545, 0.004456907045096159, 0.060903389006853104, 0.03765459358692169, -0.009294032119214535, -0.03326425328850746, -0.013283164240419865, -0.030481655150651932, -0.004249403718858957, -0.007930496707558632, -0.04832423850893974, 0.00420654471963644, -0.01687394082546234, -0.025812916457653046, 0.017496129497885704, -0.06630836427211761, -0.017620790749788284, 0.02874639630317688, 0.021304816007614136, -0.01213262602686882, 0.0075056483037769794, -0.01421268843114376, 0.02753557451069355, -0.0012679814826697111, 0.029101435095071793, 0.0037932812701910734, -0.0010360388550907373, 0.041820745915174484, 0.005985233001410961, 0.05466781556606293, 0.039306800812482834, -0.017546396702528, 0.04650227725505829, -0.05609675124287605, 0.053319137543439865, 0.028580322861671448, 0.004140178207308054, 0.008663496933877468, 0.06643665581941605, 0.04170830175280571, -0.05169333890080452, 0.046597275882959366, 0.0008361434447579086, -0.01090903952717781, 0.016628718003630638, 0.0005853461916558444, -0.004058748949319124, -0.03119971975684166, 0.011029587127268314, 0.046906519681215286, -0.017685091122984886, 0.008509923703968525, -0.015046370215713978, 0.003726555034518242, -0.014649847522377968, -0.03572765365242958, -0.018413038924336433, 0.03347422555088997, 0.02506350353360176, -0.009975071996450424, -0.005045436788350344, -0.047354020178318024, -0.007340544369071722, 0.013470485806465149, 0.030650801956653595, 0.03798894211649895, 0.0721689909696579, -0.0013344690669327974, 0.046342771500349045, -0.04270775988698006, -0.044610295444726944, 0.030329877510666847, -0.009092109277844429, -0.02092135138809681, -0.0592530332505703, 0.022467471659183502, -0.02834378555417061, -0.0023303069174289703, 0.0368131548166275, -0.005386796779930592, -0.007530014496296644, -0.02451779507100582, -0.05168123543262482, -0.07952534407377243, 0.029747692868113518, -0.02582879364490509, 0.027182474732398987, -0.03904780372977257, 0.022326432168483734, 0.011177333071827888, 0.058915384113788605, 0.0011352434521541, 0.02260037697851658, -0.005982523318380117, -0.013080930337309837, 0.04026365280151367, -0.037611350417137146, -0.026573436334729195, -0.00792583916336298, -0.03200625255703926, 0.02013675682246685, -0.01648440770804882, 0.03021479956805706, 0.005087028257548809, -0.017724957317113876, -0.030504530295729637, 0.027521329000592232, 0.012520779855549335, 0.03734598308801651, 0.02127387374639511, -0.029378529638051987, -0.014840812422335148, 0.07748685032129288, 0.014125093817710876, 0.0335138775408268, 0.026625679805874825, -0.009830189868807793, -0.020294955000281334, 0.005827121436595917, 0.028320198878645897, 0.06462603807449341, -0.03682202845811844, 0.006090289913117886, 0.005437264684587717, -0.0062980614602565765, 0.01220729760825634, 0.009529730305075645, -0.029086176306009293, 0.022076115012168884, 0.009532186202704906, 0.02586393430829048, 0.02451476827263832, 0.011551497504115105, 0.023109644651412964, 0.0685102790594101, -0.03932444006204605, -0.0028423822950571775, -0.051961880177259445, -0.015876855701208115, 0.040970657020807266, -0.019050022587180138, -0.02419881708920002, 0.02539730817079544, 0.032656729221343994, 0.03280635178089142, -0.05544872581958771, -0.05054275691509247, 0.003118261694908142, 0.0802527666091919, -0.014849173836410046, -0.012945841997861862, 0.0679774358868599, 0.012853835709393024, -0.041607148945331573, 0.04053613170981407, -0.04940441623330116, -0.004596344195306301, 0.004900844767689705, 0.002670825459063053, 0.021291695535182953, 0.014272032305598259, 0.026182807981967926, 0.028606029227375984, 0.00088123744353652, -0.004590023308992386, 0.0025420128367841244, -0.0604410357773304, 0.022187722846865654, 0.0686221495270729, 0.04275371506810188, 0.029537489637732506, -0.045288458466529846, 0.015716135501861572, -0.02240530028939247, 0.002259870059788227, -0.029682178050279617, -0.039185043424367905, -0.003598465584218502, 0.029610581696033478, 0.030939782038331032, -0.019579479470849037, -0.036725129932165146, 0.07383260875940323, 0.008971845731139183, 0.014687458984553814, 0.048847947269678116, -0.033071793615818024, 0.043761007487773895, 0.025227196514606476, -0.008525291457772255, 0.045520830899477005, 0.009835608303546906, 0.006192556116729975, 0.02736804261803627, 0.02735876478254795, 0.05374462530016899, -0.011210561729967594, 0.01104817446321249, 0.033012598752975464, 0.011041943915188313, 0.017396505922079086, -0.00891071930527687, 0.027753304690122604, -0.03771103546023369, -0.03312387689948082, 0.05024392157793045, 0.0032151546329259872, -0.06169258803129196, 0.006430075969547033, -0.022685877978801727, -0.002510790480300784, 0.01844009757041931, -0.010040486231446266, 0.024329176172614098, 0.027256542816758156, -0.030728580430150032, 0.04157890006899834, 0.04718564823269844, -0.005713058169931173, -0.04571583867073059, 0.011732333339750767, 0.03309570625424385, -0.012738275341689587, 0.028409982100129128, -0.032085929065942764, -0.013659241609275341, -0.02057749219238758, -0.014180159196257591, 0.05775188282132149, 0.016219940036535263, -0.0488041527569294, -0.004934479016810656, 0.006588768679648638, -0.008330799639225006, 0.049564242362976074, -0.00016775375115685165, -0.03957897052168846, 0.024628419429063797, -0.01319450605660677, -0.05618641898036003, -0.003562929341569543, -0.03478548303246498, 0.014346090145409107, -0.01605360209941864, -0.011642617173492908, 0.016074325889348984, -0.002271490404382348, -0.04868697747588158, 0.010697453282773495, -0.06573379039764404, -0.014523027464747429, -0.04852825403213501, -0.00744575634598732, -0.017361970618367195, 0.014669532887637615, 0.010207702405750751, -0.015230893157422543, -0.004624384921044111, -0.006240717601031065, -0.07797075062990189, -0.06478824466466904, -0.021945228800177574, 0.03136812150478363, 0.006669754162430763, 0.020219039171934128, 0.024472607299685478, 0.053769029676914215, 0.03592098504304886, -0.05222320929169655, -0.07314266264438629, -0.011104403994977474, 0.006236129906028509, -0.04139447957277298, 0.021156443282961845, -0.0002659180318005383, -0.0023769368417561054, 0.017191831022500992, -0.009643026627600193, 0.029507150873541832, 0.05385547876358032, -0.0026497230865061283, -0.037574440240859985, 0.013259082101285458, -0.05096627399325371, -0.03723635524511337, 0.05301978811621666, 0.03874002769589424, 0.005212014075368643, 0.02689778432250023, -0.035013239830732346, -0.009754986502230167, 0.007922627963125706, -0.03758864104747772, -0.03575505316257477, -0.0008822301169857383, 0.035989876836538315, -0.026569854468107224, -0.00814267247915268, -0.014051181264221668, -0.003197772428393364, 0.037402961403131485, 0.01261682529002428, 0.04196080192923546, -0.04581586271524429, -0.03238584101200104, 0.016520662233233452, 0.015574289485812187, -0.02932650037109852, 0.058446452021598816, 0.0033313920721411705, -0.00636907946318388, 0.008254744112491608, -0.04543989151716232, -0.030554980039596558, 0.029404258355498314, 0.029546160250902176, 0.016966352239251137, -0.02595427818596363, -0.02945338748395443, -0.0009103864431381226, -0.07079384475946426, -0.0325591154396534, -0.030120374634861946, 0.08989886939525604, -0.0017482659313827753, 0.07197894901037216, 0.013764651492238045, 0.00470539927482605, 0.017015280202031136, -0.0314519964158535, -0.07827387750148773, -0.004326861817389727, 0.026256585493683815, 0.019175151363015175, 0.005673680454492569, 0.012911700643599033, -0.0011469004675745964, -0.03861473873257637, 0.01487821713089943, 0.009194931015372276, 0.006960443686693907, -0.03737059235572815, 0.024625007063150406, 0.01903959922492504, -0.017787333577871323, -0.019745947793126106, 0.014174329116940498, 0.02985868602991104, -0.014943802729249, -0.0005134362727403641, 0.016197169199585915, -0.03476542606949806, 0.027338949963450432, -0.011426149867475033, 0.01762145571410656, 0.012648120522499084, 0.008276054635643959, 0.018294978886842728, 0.05954094976186752, -0.039656467735767365, 0.014382949098944664, -0.004536835476756096, 0.04046319052577019, 0.015371590852737427, 0.01639174111187458, 0.003931004088371992, -0.02118677645921707, -0.004647258669137955, -0.0072424644604325294, 0.03352145105600357, -0.006273742765188217, 0.024599798023700714, 0.04704972356557846, 0.02750454470515251, -0.021502956748008728, 0.02787058614194393, 0.0955994501709938, -0.0014388051349669695, -0.017749208956956863, -0.010004594922065735, -0.02711748145520687, -0.027518900111317635, -0.016961796209216118, 0.05532023683190346, 0.02676035463809967, 0.01948740892112255, 0.005074268206954002, 0.03478890284895897, -0.04569177329540253, 0.023621799424290657, 0.016831902787089348, 0.0030384717974811792, 0.05860467255115509, -0.0068374439142644405, -0.021136850118637085, 0.01879442296922207, 0.037169940769672394, 0.023836392909288406, 0.0602787621319294, 0.020011339336633682, -0.1279914677143097, -0.022768421098589897, 0.03466350957751274, 0.028697365894913673, -0.026239842176437378, 0.00455153314396739, -0.026574071496725082, -0.03199850022792816, 0.038090385496616364, -0.07541638612747192, 0.06592698395252228, -0.019710972905158997, 0.03650693595409393, -0.014332025311887264, -0.003378235036507249, -0.0375177301466465, -0.009221059270203114, -0.030226217582821846, 0.030368747189641, 0.04495685547590256, -0.03666612505912781, -0.036999594420194626, -0.00205784454010427, 0.011585419066250324, 0.018223172053694725, -0.027726178988814354, -0.0487387478351593, 0.04109278693795204, 0.02072259597480297, -0.0348505973815918, -0.012489520013332367, 0.008564027957618237, 0.019203554838895798, -0.015986569225788116, 0.05843120440840721, -0.021391328424215317, -0.028196172788739204, 0.013944090344011784, 0.03751666843891144, -0.014674480073153973, 0.017956100404262543, -0.02356138825416565, 0.03462900593876839, 0.008542565628886223, -0.007096976973116398, 0.0003207024419680238, 0.06756811589002609, -0.00803737249225378, 0.041953831911087036, -0.04015149548649788, -0.028765492141246796, -0.029130900278687477, -0.04349859803915024, -0.044665899127721786, 0.025159427896142006, -0.019821451976895332, -0.007479826454073191, -0.001537267118692398, 0.012071756646037102, -0.04443356394767761, -0.0013376972638070583, 0.02685290202498436, 0.027011802420020103, -0.05026097595691681, 0.0008536605746485293, -0.013157946057617664, 0.022024089470505714, 0.0056520490907132626, -0.04322740435600281, 0.03513150289654732, -0.03424415737390518, 0.0007011276902630925, 0.008414659649133682, -0.01476244255900383, 0.02893071249127388, -0.04453887790441513, -0.0282705407589674, 0.011844134889543056, -0.06040665879845619, 0.05552881956100464, 0.004195635672658682, 0.03822055831551552, -0.00373916607350111, -0.04043416306376457, 0.015199664980173111, 0.022363094612956047, 0.02466816082596779, -0.01770951598882675, -0.010987087152898312, 0.015607425943017006, -0.03133014962077141, -0.04200650379061699, -0.038947075605392456, -0.07005739212036133, 0.022348253056406975, 0.023635514080524445, -0.00011659464507829398, -0.03328056260943413, -0.00499749556183815, -0.02670876309275627, 0.002006133086979389, -0.03127214312553406, 0.03933476656675339, -0.02059796266257763, 0.0004413653805386275, 0.018171822652220726, 0.0014675691490992904, 0.0483669675886631, 0.04069869592785835, -0.014530492015182972, -0.007042356301099062, 0.00796092115342617, -0.019352637231349945, 0.009775795973837376, -0.022673459723591805, -0.04695461317896843, -0.004814088344573975, -0.014611056074500084, 0.02012484520673752, 0.050447482615709305, 0.01388412993401289, -0.006728171370923519, -0.030018039047718048, -0.04570125788450241, -0.020693723112344742, -0.02472267486155033, -0.00008150399662554264, -0.02173011749982834, 0.004158341325819492, -0.06493417173624039, -0.007402688730508089, -0.03904127702116966, 0.00003884656689479016, -0.016260281205177307, 0.008946353569626808, 0.02254173345863819, 0.0400746688246727, 0.025136062875390053, 0.0260072760283947, -0.0043277861550450325, 0.02623702585697174, 0.027972636744379997, 0.08473304659128189, 0.023780738934874535, -0.007388746365904808, 0.0009151904378086329, 0.05124282464385033, 0.01650799624621868, 0.01860200986266136, -0.012761150486767292, -0.002216474851593375, 0.047308120876550674, -0.013586469925940037, -0.007770021446049213, 0.016158629208803177, 0.028701812028884888, 0.011101454496383667, -0.049003809690475464, 0.006459277588874102, 0.0004934522439725697, -0.016871731728315353, 0.07271870970726013, 0.03936624526977539, -0.02822442166507244, 0.03649788722395897, 0.03315306082367897, 0.013935469090938568, 0.03700022026896477, -0.006996069569140673, 0.023782413452863693, 0.011083449237048626, -0.0328410267829895, -0.03563155606389046, 0.0046730199828743935, -0.04032810777425766, 0.0011646695202216506, -0.01422191597521305, -0.043158676475286484, 0.023103773593902588, 0.012296336703002453, -0.018207093700766563, -0.0699755996465683, -0.038270819932222366, -0.0312996432185173, 0.011519184336066246, -0.0040082926861941814, -0.04534880444407463, 0.03449110686779022, -0.043295715004205704, 0.03314361348748207, -0.01833156682550907, -0.008324061520397663, -0.03380335867404938, -0.0241861529648304, -0.0011316176969558, -0.06637539714574814, -0.020946281030774117, 0.0266442708671093, -0.0020611006766557693, -0.004039801191538572, 0.03495091199874878, -0.015437881462275982, -0.006902635097503662, -0.006868270691484213, 0.06423065066337585, 0.034747518599033356, 0.07303185760974884, -0.01983564719557762, 0.04207158461213112, -0.040808603167533875, 0.0031182460952550173, 0.1052081361413002, 0.035556018352508545, 0.05423157662153244, -0.014210835099220276, 0.05066218599677086, 0.0050098467618227005, -0.004784594289958477, -0.026856672018766403, -0.005014337133616209, -0.011554225347936153, 0.013392332941293716, 0.04599291831254959, 0.02794577181339264, 0.026870708912611008, 0.023347364738583565, 0.018941260874271393, -0.056050267070531845, -0.01643121987581253, -0.014224993996322155, 0.012641721405088902, -0.009810247458517551, -0.026451855897903442, -0.051667794585227966, 0.017282508313655853, 0.02676139771938324, -0.05386912822723389, -0.050990622490644455, 0.03164932504296303, 0.027668198570609093, 0.016673149541020393, -0.008679289370775223, 0.017904553562402725, 0.010013594292104244, 0.02939540147781372, 0.029542146250605583, -0.00013843883061781526, 0.014708665199577808, -0.009367622435092926, -0.011527257040143013, 0.024901442229747772, 0.027438310906291008, 0.005292779300361872, -0.0021915968973189592, -0.014500994235277176, -0.0295488853007555, 0.016799388453364372, -0.09311214834451675, 0.05422459915280342, -0.013668068684637547, -0.02655598521232605, -0.045568790286779404, 0.0019159669755026698, 0.04391027241945267, -0.056061677634716034, -0.04196498543024063, 0.007250959984958172, 0.006042059510946274, 0.010069439187645912, 0.013236436992883682, -0.006529581267386675, 0.014500513672828674, 0.010643037036061287, -0.010256140492856503, 0.003727257251739502, -0.028856221586465836, 0.022535668686032295, -0.027052417397499084, 0.08730030059814453, -0.010902953334152699, -0.00921584665775299, 0.01366461906582117, -0.014387321658432484, -0.011675125919282436, 0.004496742971241474, 0.006221339106559753, 0.011597894132137299, 0.0056093898601830006, -0.011308164335787296, -0.007985159754753113, 0.008198867551982403, -0.06072361022233963, -0.02095807157456875, -0.020812539383769035, 0.012961306609213352, -0.029288984835147858, -0.04185723885893822, 0.04663357138633728, 0.01732737012207508, 0.010194770060479641, -0.01039547473192215, -0.01622096635401249, 0.045492831617593765, -0.0041040536016225815, -0.060869742184877396, -0.03259749710559845, 0.006572464480996132, 0.012111120857298374, 0.028827231377363205, -0.08725020289421082, 0.03044399991631508, 0.05304994806647301, 0.0524769127368927, -0.03464822843670845, 0.01667512021958828, 0.001987544121220708, 0.06360126286745071, 0.03742082044482231, -0.0329977311193943, -0.03220505267381668, 0.008838853798806667, -0.012359357438981533, -0.04544305056333542, -0.02344973012804985, -0.026066340506076813, -0.04205183684825897, -0.011664634570479393, -0.04265567287802696, -0.04688279330730438, -0.025752222165465355, -0.006217728368937969, -0.02834666147828102, -0.05524124205112457, 0.026759544387459755, -0.030394772067666054, -0.013856405392289162, 0.01765030436217785, -0.025306491181254387, -0.01336529478430748, -0.00691254623234272, -0.06220884248614311, 0.02768877148628235, 0.052304159849882126, 0.019968433305621147, 0.03906773030757904, 0.0086858244612813, 0.021685991436243057, -0.006232453044503927, 0.04177447408437729, -0.012978322803974152, 0.016348203644156456, 0.03901554271578789, -0.028475116938352585, -0.03125347942113876, 0.010904810391366482, -0.020724687725305557, 0.05594763904809952, 0.01578623056411743, -0.006834222003817558, -0.005325010046362877, 0.03014897182583809, -0.003361060516908765, 0.004182994365692139, 0.0034058967139571905, 0.038470640778541565, 0.036039069294929504, -0.0006780981784686446, 0.01404881477355957, 0.0050094155594706535, -0.05003480985760689, 0.0204623956233263, 0.05255170911550522, -0.004609178751707077, 0.00470318179577589, -0.00570308044552803, 0.007141080219298601, -0.04321129247546196, -0.020797040313482285, -0.0022839491721242666, 0.015982430428266525, 0.06230102851986885, -0.01590101420879364, 0.007484908681362867, -0.002939679194241762, 0.013174427673220634, -0.045073073357343674, -0.0017135919770225883, 0.030168592929840088, -0.011685009114444256, 0.0027395139914005995, -0.03925378993153572, -0.007291792891919613, -0.0048314668238162994, -0.06424998492002487, -0.01443488523364067, -0.012492944486439228, -0.00385293154977262, -0.011718581430613995, 0.015643859282135963, -0.01999441720545292, -0.0027740471996366978, -0.03661203011870384, -0.0024236594326794147, 0.03992744907736778, 0.020886395126581192, -0.024737568572163582, -0.06695913523435593, -0.02013343758881092, 0.01249704696238041, 0.008569289930164814, -0.03966229036450386, 0.03894216939806938, -0.003253750503063202, -0.019036810845136642, 0.021931175142526627, -0.049946483224630356, -0.009971536695957184, 0.005075606983155012, 0.042518604546785355, 0.01427195779979229, 0.07373886555433273, -0.014528878033161163, 0.013381460681557655, -0.0029121865518391132, -0.0064024250023067, -0.01620831899344921, -0.015507441014051437, -0.023853547871112823, 0.013632428832352161, 0.06994756311178207, -0.002769096987321973, -0.02280217409133911, -0.019340524449944496, -0.04123391956090927, -0.014192960225045681, -0.040808163583278656, -0.005025052465498447, 0.02728370577096939, -0.02728506736457348, 0.0328621082007885, -0.044916365295648575, 0.036733102053403854, 0.002849223092198372, 0.013287017121911049, 0.003647580975666642, 0.005250983405858278, 0.01057517807930708, -0.020817482843995094, -0.0027233853470534086, 0.0037859436124563217, -0.010732259601354599, -0.014489367604255676, -0.023725835606455803, 0.010734127834439278, 0.030984122306108475, -0.007809627801179886, 0.0070624640211462975, 0.011692333035171032, 0.05645947903394699, -0.013288221322000027, 0.01233635377138853, 0.03388923034071922, -0.0025338425766676664, 0.08965485543012619, -0.07045458257198334, 0.03906315192580223, 0.04945458844304085, 0.03299897909164429, -0.04184260219335556, -0.024711567908525467, -0.05700454115867615, -0.005445700138807297, 0.010001312009990215, -0.010982276871800423, 0.03153879567980766, -0.03427683934569359, -0.007828768342733383, -0.010739540681242943, -0.051523029804229736, 0.072495236992836, -0.01592450775206089, -0.012738081626594067, -0.0343669056892395, -0.026652567088603973, 0.00245534791611135, -0.018949339166283607, 0.03897194191813469, -0.0024272212758660316, -0.04687380790710449, 0.004357602447271347, -0.005936605390161276, -0.035430777817964554, -0.00663071358576417, -0.01941182091832161, 0.011441306211054325, 0.01606895588338375, 0.0021996325813233852, 0.020724186673760414, 0.00893478561192751, -0.03059118241071701, 0.03281795233488083, -0.06290417909622192, -0.013757373206317425, -0.027434339746832848, -0.0008958702092058957, 0.02848191186785698, -0.05591554567217827, 0.0029208350460976362, -0.02253711223602295, 0.004391040652990341, -0.003204667242243886, 0.022112496197223663, 0.002969998400658369, 0.049312591552734375, 0.015269199386239052, 0.01565542072057724, -0.04737473279237747, -0.0011837013298645616, -0.01360659021884203, 0.005957828834652901, -0.004788320977240801, -0.008706486783921719, 0.007367569487541914, 0.02634834125638008, -0.030194208025932312, 0.005873948335647583, -0.011151195503771305, 0.026682035997509956, 0.047081150114536285, 0.0011274507269263268, 0.0257660411298275, -0.026969878003001213, 0.004951572511345148, 0.02593589387834072, 0.00669990386813879, 0.03852687031030655, 0.001995645696297288, 0.02224171720445156, -0.027862101793289185, 0.016126323491334915, -0.0371713861823082, -0.020489754155278206, 0.0014418649952858686, 0.04130757600069046, -0.02063818834722042, -0.003499271348118782, -0.0062400419265031815, -0.017115158960223198, 0.03174055367708206, -0.02918461337685585, 0.01918487250804901, -0.00246240827254951, -0.0011368902632966638, 0.045046545565128326, -0.010268005542457104, -0.019437605515122414, 0.01173480600118637, 0.04052169620990753, 0.02224983274936676, 0.02175758220255375, -0.016907325014472008, -0.04536454752087593, 0.030542803928256035, 0.022807832807302475, -0.017027126625180244, -0.025001900270581245, -0.040385812520980835, -0.008944201283156872, -0.016809258610010147, -0.007179949898272753 ]
<p>My table of chi-square test for homogeneity has 3x5 cells, 3 samples to a likert scale item. Most cells in the table have a frequency count of less than two, so it is recommended to discard the column of which contains a cell with frequency of less than two. How will this affect my hypothesis if I discard the entire column just because a cell has a value of less than 2 or 0?</p>
31,251
[ -0.04258161410689354, -0.012425814755260944, 0.005238115321844816, 0.027992360293865204, 0.04849956929683685, -0.013803735375404358, -0.009444769471883774, -0.022682061418890953, 0.007258278783410788, 0.0037024409975856543, 0.04656286537647247, 0.027074256911873817, 0.04866491258144379, -0.010193005204200745, 0.022338856011629105, 0.007698527537286282, -0.005163134075701237, -0.0006787115707993507, -0.022029666230082512, -0.015444573946297169, -0.03175045922398567, 0.011692974716424942, 0.013019074685871601, -0.006538452114909887, -0.055880412459373474, 0.05988983064889908, 0.030559560284018517, -0.005724368616938591, 0.017236996442079544, 0.03921710327267647, -0.05465681478381157, -0.004528652410954237, 0.005627716425806284, 0.011466410011053085, 0.02956927753984928, -0.0000406330764235463, -0.0078609399497509, -0.029532743617892265, -0.003811989910900593, 0.023697834461927414, -0.017141256481409073, -0.016558118164539337, -0.0028059864416718483, 0.037972595542669296, -0.01747344434261322, 0.0010066685499623418, 0.02081540785729885, -0.037221189588308334, 0.019552838057279587, -0.04976624250411987, 0.0643254891037941, -0.004152830224484205, 0.05708449333906174, 0.03514230251312256, 0.016517991200089455, 0.0020712679252028465, 0.033015765249729156, 0.033962003886699677, -0.022720111533999443, -0.048700835555791855, -0.029223697260022163, -0.031124217435717583, -0.016439083963632584, -0.03840985894203186, -0.04903906583786011, 0.052417464554309845, -0.021419353783130646, -0.030534230172634125, 0.03151901066303253, -0.000016404632333433256, 0.005212101154029369, 0.009304478764533997, 0.012964642606675625, -0.02519235573709011, 0.07324393838644028, -0.029909832403063774, 0.025142893195152283, 0.010861977934837341, -0.019331220537424088, 0.04209096357226372, -0.0029623727314174175, 0.02667984552681446, 0.005048846825957298, 0.01077275536954403, 0.04726244509220123, -0.03982609882950783, 0.020738162100315094, -0.022667570039629936, -0.0046100011095404625, 0.01943746767938137, -0.03645378351211548, -0.002757014473900199, 0.03277639299631119, 0.012698115780949593, -0.02546880766749382, 0.019023679196834564, -0.04733956977725029, 0.04127486050128937, -0.01696556806564331, -0.012065423652529716, -0.05717037245631218, -0.011964371427893639, 0.0754728689789772, 0.0709693655371666, -0.03855292499065399, -0.0012758064549416304, -0.03239003196358681, 0.026081647723913193, -0.012668355368077755, -0.00023919362865854055, 0.03835214674472809, 0.022425906732678413, 0.013714694418013096, -0.006678563077002764, 0.06705428659915924, 0.022038524970412254, -0.027824943885207176, -0.037727851420640945, 0.04421919584274292, 0.07059851288795471, 0.04493384063243866, -0.019154395908117294, 0.03693029284477234, -0.01843235455453396, -0.013794203288853168, 0.021945225074887276, -0.00015455740503966808, -0.005989174824208021, -0.04180636629462242, 0.02090151607990265, -0.006834993604570627, 0.001369608216919005, 0.03268037363886833, 0.005377627443522215, 0.014674123376607895, -0.029441602528095245, -0.0814548134803772, -0.03290204331278801, 0.0248155165463686, -0.001622063689865172, -0.03142525628209114, -0.056304916739463806, -0.019315214827656746, 0.04217400774359703, 0.04487170651555061, 0.009404195472598076, 0.009798599407076836, -0.013292444869875908, 0.006694149691611528, 0.026347335427999496, -0.024936705827713013, -0.0211790818721056, -0.06217306852340698, -0.03924180567264557, -0.008026174269616604, -0.023886971175670624, 0.06297789514064789, 0.015143537893891335, -0.00316115515306592, -0.038855791091918945, 0.009130556136369705, -0.015768539160490036, -0.015157204121351242, 0.008847231045365334, 0.035759907215833664, -0.007370275445282459, 0.07421544194221497, -0.022720394656062126, 0.009876406751573086, 0.0021320809610188007, 0.03281119093298912, 0.0418546199798584, -0.003265547566115856, 0.07520001381635666, 0.05123763903975487, 0.043624453246593475, -0.008231489919126034, -0.02479376085102558, 0.03869197517633438, -0.036054037511348724, -0.042968157678842545, -0.015296027995646, -0.00872551929205656, -0.015463615767657757, 0.00048683068598620594, 0.040077101439237595, -0.006138294469565153, -0.01894007995724678, 0.04827959090471268, -0.02295004390180111, -0.04416349530220032, -0.06190688535571098, 0.017597045749425888, 0.043851617723703384, -0.024346329271793365, 0.020240604877471924, 0.01590302214026451, -0.0017722095362842083, -0.0037626789417117834, -0.006193599663674831, -0.04744253680109978, -0.021191060543060303, 0.008269360288977623, -0.08416330814361572, 0.012032967992126942, 0.03925482556223869, 0.02643776871263981, 0.0005134819657541811, 0.05381277948617935, -0.02629055455327034, -0.03328733518719673, 0.01189408265054226, 0.0037561680655926466, 0.01616240106523037, -0.03297631815075874, -0.01269582286477089, -0.003699386492371559, 0.020672734826803207, -0.027518976479768753, 0.04249703884124756, -0.047531113028526306, 0.09319642931222916, 0.04768628254532814, 0.00010232494969386607, 0.04708123579621315, -0.018468404188752174, -0.013029109686613083, -0.0026463218964636326, -0.027557354420423508, -0.0175628662109375, -0.05923531949520111, 0.02506842464208603, 0.03373356908559799, -0.0036725786048918962, -0.021960828453302383, -0.000575975573156029, 0.007792083080857992, 0.0036788301076740026, 0.010280328802764416, 0.022602887824177742, -0.003246810520067811, -0.02267250418663025, 0.025913506746292114, -0.0002642396721057594, 0.0031013726256787777, -0.009734340943396091, 0.05775053799152374, 0.026403876021504402, -0.005885862745344639, 0.024768661707639694, -0.004375940654426813, 0.03788362443447113, 0.0058377995155751705, 0.018274612724781036, -0.03654193505644798, -0.026722881942987442, 0.015615887008607388, 0.005729679483920336, 0.0068489862605929375, 0.05814795941114426, 0.004998939577490091, -0.006905424874275923, 0.020607851445674896, -0.01544724777340889, 0.01088644564151764, 0.015995260328054428, -0.03228599950671196, 0.0008063750574365258, 0.034299563616514206, -0.01691257581114769, -0.01016121543943882, -0.035436831414699554, -0.005432860925793648, -0.029302706941962242, -0.00015525160415563732, 0.06865806877613068, -0.014206385239958763, 0.05530431494116783, -0.003644919488579035, -0.018911119550466537, -0.016897404566407204, -0.01290878001600504, 0.017518367618322372, -0.001243787002749741, -0.04562479630112648, -0.027980050072073936, -0.01650610938668251, -0.006983678787946701, 0.02017996832728386, -0.002287050010636449, -0.0022657928057014942, 0.02500171586871147, 0.002850364660844207, -0.042118482291698456, 0.011399754323065281, -0.009159292094409466, 0.010123462416231632, -0.022333504632115364, -0.0343208946287632, 0.03752239793539047, 0.02679797261953354, -0.04572880640625954, 0.042945124208927155, -0.07393042743206024, -0.03921830654144287, -0.013744937255978584, 0.0027375754434615374, 0.0249197855591774, -0.02105114422738552, 0.03775475174188614, 0.010090197436511517, -0.02428947016596794, 0.03770821914076805, -0.05212311074137688, -0.03367675095796585, 0.0025554499588906765, 0.009446997195482254, 0.0309147946536541, -0.02766476757824421, -0.0017060351092368364, 0.06527837365865707, 0.03622110188007355, 0.00418431032449007, -0.008343436755239964, -0.03751668706536293, -0.028063328936696053, -0.04536769166588783, 0.04140319302678108, 0.0043341489508748055, -0.004866620060056448, 0.019428808242082596, -0.004737179260700941, 0.06584722548723221, 0.04604388400912285, -0.0036615533754229546, -0.013933048583567142, 0.01794242113828659, 0.03877115994691849, -0.005641994532197714, 0.008380317129194736, 0.004125124774873257, 0.00037412793608382344, 0.028203746303915977, 0.010482684709131718, 0.04013451933860779, -0.01186683401465416, -0.02533268928527832, -0.0020919369999319315, -0.031118828803300858, 0.05873117223381996, 0.009175180457532406, 0.03269261121749878, 0.03764689713716507, -0.005725159775465727, -0.007416221313178539, -0.00991774257272482, 0.028612034395337105, -0.038942448794841766, -0.01065287459641695, 0.05394766107201576, 0.0029182787984609604, -0.0004961906815879047, 0.007663927972316742, 0.009798967279493809, 0.002245261799544096, 0.04065348953008652, -0.014486171305179596, -0.02010319009423256, 0.007525924127548933, 0.04883008450269699, 0.020941773429512978, 0.012886560522019863, -0.0033359979279339314, -0.015699760988354683, -0.021573234349489212, -0.05659746378660202, -0.0071169063448905945, 0.03879614174365997, -0.005054134875535965, 0.011939854361116886, 0.026920929551124573, -0.0013664757134392858, -0.04894840344786644, 0.006640355568379164, -0.05903615429997444, 0.017555471509695053, 0.005975224543362856, 0.003999808803200722, 0.018806548789143562, -0.03453229367733002, 0.02628694288432598, 0.008854802697896957, -0.01126763503998518, 0.01446619164198637, 0.028572067618370056, -0.02906997874379158, 0.03589765727519989, -0.0020058632362633944, 0.028599465265870094, -0.028184186667203903, 0.03340405970811844, 0.0013249855255708098, -0.024168362841010094, 0.03460966795682907, 0.002673820359632373, -0.006781551521271467, 0.011305062100291252, 0.011579401791095734, 0.008216286078095436, 0.023691359907388687, 0.021321237087249756, 0.00021134021517354995, -0.0014874106273055077, -0.034713178873062134, 0.01166419219225645, -0.0005751153803430498, 0.04501475766301155, 0.02677079476416111, 0.024887776002287865, -0.01641547679901123, -0.018214529380202293, -0.02923826314508915, -0.012699678540229797, 0.0552755743265152, -0.016973374411463737, -0.0030763286631554365, 0.06258033215999603, 0.04366408661007881, -0.012130564078688622, 0.038834113627672195, 0.04736171290278435, 0.0384024940431118, -0.0032250219956040382, -0.028624525293707848, -0.01714804396033287, -0.012467402964830399, -0.045543789863586426, 0.0201578252017498, 0.02455529198050499, 0.01534937508404255, -0.007335965987294912, 0.04195408523082733, 0.025310831144452095, -0.06015293672680855, -0.028444908559322357, -0.0011685658246278763, 0.031228763982653618, -0.0032570159528404474, -0.031364720314741135, 0.030444305390119553, 0.0332266129553318, 0.016911132261157036, 0.050311338156461716, -0.006175284739583731, -0.10328779369592667, -0.004547209944576025, 0.04389752075076103, 0.06721583008766174, -0.000694037415087223, -0.004349688068032265, -0.05047905445098877, -0.0009303275146521628, 0.014333096332848072, -0.04913942888379097, 0.028524277731776237, -0.05363452807068825, 0.02095402404665947, -0.0333787240087986, 0.004212521947920322, -0.0430394783616066, -0.017540941014885902, -0.0023003763053566217, 0.05274883657693863, -0.011795951053500175, -0.037749290466308594, -0.07162313908338547, 0.01727350614964962, 0.016383614391088486, 0.015596839599311352, -0.022608153522014618, -0.008494701236486435, -0.01810046099126339, 0.01171907875686884, -0.015523604117333889, -0.03806871920824051, -0.0023357165046036243, -0.007012227550148964, 0.06894996762275696, 0.07505635172128677, 0.0019014828139916062, -0.008742140606045723, -0.021648112684488297, 0.029423974454402924, -0.001963862916454673, 0.006561233662068844, -0.045906100422143936, 0.0451958030462265, -0.015461099334061146, 0.009959462098777294, 0.053794752806425095, 0.013001130893826485, -0.005489598959684372, 0.030108198523521423, -0.05407066270709038, 0.02281193807721138, -0.05452369526028633, 0.028232133015990257, -0.046045511960983276, -0.03801863268017769, -0.03119865618646145, 0.024614132940769196, 0.030299609526991844, 0.04999450594186783, -0.017849823459982872, -0.023044174537062645, 0.006936677265912294, 0.016060903668403625, 0.015320653095841408, -0.0020115061197429895, 0.0005172015517018735, 0.05744340643286705, -0.026277126744389534, -0.028714947402477264, 0.04661643132567406, -0.03918975964188576, 0.010813466273248196, 0.00187776330858469, 0.00805992353707552, 0.047660987824201584, -0.04172108322381973, -0.025140568614006042, -0.017227504402399063, -0.022719740867614746, 0.0494627021253109, -0.041820768266916275, 0.03243947774171829, -0.021991845220327377, -0.018637994304299355, -0.012236966751515865, 0.04047904908657074, -0.014242896810173988, 0.057938747107982635, -0.021013161167502403, 0.07541494071483612, -0.01757051981985569, 0.004789005499333143, -0.11513859033584595, -0.02066350355744362, -0.02323431335389614, 0.021552711725234985, -0.012445356696844101, -0.036452893167734146, -0.03757719323039055, 0.001317001529969275, -0.050177399069070816, 0.0001326939818682149, 0.060299456119537354, 0.002438526600599289, -0.016256317496299744, 0.03399977087974548, -0.01868368498980999, 0.11615600436925888, 0.01842021755874157, -0.056873615831136703, 0.004612821154296398, -0.0349709652364254, -0.020699191838502884, -0.026086954399943352, -0.0004206764861010015, -0.06172684580087662, 0.023097049444913864, -0.022358164191246033, -0.031033987179398537, 0.030485577881336212, -0.020519763231277466, -0.04939689114689827, -0.007076611276715994, -0.022149991244077682, -0.003244243562221527, -0.023138586431741714, 0.02090599574148655, -0.01790205016732216, 0.006093014497309923, 0.0019185814308002591, 0.013026492670178413, -0.031512949615716934, -0.012195965275168419, 0.0010605179704725742, -0.008738507516682148, -0.022297576069831848, 0.014849874190986156, 0.05547786504030228, -0.011761616915464401, 0.007860323414206505, -0.032948967069387436, -0.005162449087947607, 0.03740931674838066, 0.004314269404858351, -0.00620289659127593, -0.029625961557030678, 0.04475918784737587, -0.01697533391416073, 0.02081715501844883, -0.032754380255937576, -0.011294836178421974, 0.02819814160466194, 0.0005161521257832646, 0.02061562053859234, 0.050054457038640976, 0.01578838936984539, -0.015399359166622162, -0.028968723490834236, 0.035120442509651184, -0.04266447201371193, 0.007814589887857437, 0.03065945953130722, 0.016674837097525597, 0.022567352280020714, 0.048857416957616806, 0.020893892273306847, 0.03747005760669708, 0.038335662335157394, 0.05302691087126732, 0.02028123289346695, 0.023725716397166252, -0.0353587381541729, -0.04103915020823479, 0.022254206240177155, -0.038150861859321594, 0.031835272908210754, -0.038925815373659134, -0.040551502257585526, 0.02021164260804653, 0.07437049597501755, -0.006695829797536135, -0.03227020427584648, -0.02801661565899849, -0.035202961415052414, 0.01673799194395542, 0.011962369084358215, 0.0022063618525862694, 0.00722532719373703, -0.017692280933260918, 0.021159885451197624, -0.0029974065255373716, -0.0025766524486243725, -0.013100916519761086, -0.03616408258676529, -0.014721919782459736, -0.020948156714439392, -0.0004488980339374393, 0.003963146358728409, 0.008891064673662186, -0.04866067320108414, -0.006840367801487446, -0.009791841730475426, 0.04128279536962509, 0.000045599306758958846, 0.043376486748456955, -0.026139957830309868, 0.02354573644697666, 0.024530762806534767, 0.015701834112405777, 0.013185864314436913, -0.01583358645439148, 0.10213714092969894, 0.0829756036400795, 0.026288600638508797, -0.02837592177093029, 0.04558315873146057, 0.009538342244923115, -0.001882783486507833, -0.03769258037209511, 0.01017729938030243, -0.04008794203400612, 0.009490774013102055, 0.030085209757089615, 0.0847572311758995, -0.029944954439997673, -0.01748800091445446, 0.030767301097512245, 0.006836117245256901, -0.014240490272641182, -0.019606778398156166, 0.013617846183478832, 0.01094698254019022, -0.01286280807107687, -0.02047574520111084, -0.0027762430254369974, 0.04326404631137848, -0.0425364188849926, -0.014927034266293049, -0.0032744116615504026, -0.008270366117358208, 0.002120673656463623, -0.06109444797039032, 0.005329798441380262, 0.009463024325668812, 0.027661336585879326, -0.04166240990161896, -0.01507005374878645, 0.008156413212418556, -0.0074351513758301735, 0.0024668429978191853, 0.042411815375089645, -0.02197144366800785, 0.0006074992706999183, 0.04915987700223923, 0.02189975418150425, -0.060285184532403946, -0.0007326764171011746, -0.031079690903425217, 0.04317936301231384, -0.012613555416464806, -0.059816692024469376, 0.003086048411205411, 0.0024731927551329136, -0.029054129496216774, -0.06345055252313614, -0.02266921103000641, 0.012212851084768772, -0.013548796065151691, -0.017695438116788864, -0.022367248311638832, -0.033603888005018234, 0.01987888664007187, -0.006232081446796656, 0.028237996622920036, 0.05971461907029152, -0.019931724295020103, -0.04471753537654877, -0.021100979298353195, 0.0398726724088192, -0.015577840618789196, -0.012611852027475834, 0.011811573058366776, -0.03390130028128624, -0.036425065249204636, -0.020683735609054565, -0.010867325589060783, 0.03633017838001251, 0.04044391214847565, -0.022661324590444565, -0.03062920831143856, -0.008947177790105343, -0.07805296033620834, 0.04718219116330147, -0.01724924147129059, -0.015513675287365913, -0.05152450501918793, -0.021974418312311172, 0.01723877154290676, 0.006274755112826824, -0.0014713720884174109, 0.004578045103698969, -0.009287665598094463, 0.055899206548929214, 0.025364961475133896, -0.02620759606361389, -0.01683894731104374, -0.05095764249563217, -0.0541611947119236, 0.016318339854478836, -0.004349254537373781, 0.06772711873054504, 0.007879243232309818, 0.01415255293250084, 0.013178426772356033, 0.028764408081769943, 0.008859545923769474, 0.02355985715985298, 0.0033230194821953773, -0.062024954706430435, 0.0011430081212893128, 0.03316319361329079, 0.002759011462330818, -0.025064652785658836, -0.054626528173685074, -0.055219877511262894, -0.02876717783510685, 0.030479269102215767, -0.013585271313786507, -0.04065963253378868, -0.02078653685748577, -0.018662435933947563, 0.025161096826195717, 0.009795159101486206, -0.018131356686353683, -0.06148683279752731, -0.01711297407746315, 0.033897578716278076, -0.04451210796833038, 0.026336325332522392, 0.009104832075536251, -0.01268257200717926, 0.03790384903550148, 0.0019385241903364658, -0.011859940364956856, 0.003968424629420042, -0.026753559708595276, 0.037914570420980453, -0.010985770262777805, 0.06085607782006264, -0.020038172602653503, 0.017326975241303444, 0.04528651759028435, -0.030664581805467606, 0.02449594810605049, 0.003913103137165308, -0.04753237962722778, 0.04061347246170044, 0.006217970047146082, -0.004110806621611118, 0.008485383354127407, 0.04215361922979355, -0.012724804691970348, -0.03117278404533863, -0.021302025765180588, 0.0040664090774953365, 0.02623995766043663, -0.0035302890464663506, -0.03554593026638031, -0.00437310291454196, -0.03038059175014496, 0.0504462867975235, 0.06577203422784805, 0.0281666312366724, -0.004867119248956442, -0.03492433577775955, 0.011034583672881126, 0.04709726572036743, 0.02751988172531128, -0.011908027343451977, -0.012450812384486198, 0.05179489776492119, -0.033754412084817886, 0.006194219924509525, -0.011452467180788517, 0.02797895297408104, -0.10792356729507446, -0.0527447946369648, 0.0069783530198037624, 0.035611752420663834, 0.006335828918963671, -0.02376715838909149, 0.007704457733780146, 0.014358258806169033, -0.03227594494819641, 0.02930990420281887, -0.006746099796146154, -0.010823295451700687, -0.052740056067705154, -0.05042736232280731, -0.015902671962976456, -0.011936165392398834, 0.036441437900066376, 0.004702663980424404, 0.024100568145513535, -0.018854422494769096, -0.03868715465068817, -0.04033574089407921, 0.027031196281313896, 0.02377915196120739, -0.040411610156297684, -0.06716591119766235, -0.00420580105856061, -0.005776894278824329, -0.02932571806013584, 0.02748558484017849, -0.0343090295791626, -0.011652927845716476, 0.01647147163748741, 0.023711342364549637, 0.00040684506529942155, 0.05231999233365059, 0.005336562171578407, -0.0009695349144749343, 0.02625829167664051, 0.003893155138939619, -0.006345111411064863, 0.04058639332652092, -0.03044113516807556, 0.02849654294550419, 0.06849122047424316, -0.034471072256565094, 0.007254022639244795, 0.013269353657960892, -0.03205350041389465, 0.01717665232717991, 0.0033704270608723164, -0.00708781648427248, 0.05373046547174454, -0.016917282715439796, 0.04881133884191513, -0.03890174627304077, -0.014165106229484081, 0.015009406954050064, 0.05067162215709686, 0.005760095082223415, 0.015400071628391743, 0.008096913807094097, -0.03903983533382416, 0.007107533514499664, 0.03400425240397453, -0.015245594084262848, -0.08626748621463776, -0.024270422756671906, -0.021382952108979225, -0.019815120846033096, 0.004128859378397465, -0.00755759933963418, -0.01985185034573078, 0.02927805297076702, -0.03396449610590935, 0.02045328915119171, 0.02838784269988537, 0.0028611139860004187, -0.004129644948989153, -0.09327466785907745, 0.043755169957876205, -0.008798125199973583, -0.0514460988342762, -0.033745136111974716, -0.022828932851552963, -0.07124663144350052, 0.03678920120000839, 0.02979416213929653, 0.03085869923233986, 0.0364304855465889, -0.028209138661623, 0.006792519241571426, -0.02213701419532299, -0.022927813231945038, 0.044088251888751984, -0.013439116068184376, 0.009902046993374825, -0.02020825818181038, 0.02182386815547943, 0.02067880891263485, -0.01896875910460949, 0.0006795073859393597, 0.012868073768913746, -0.0011572984512895346, 0.016019275411963463, -0.029920669272542, 0.047557584941387177, 0.01902703009545803, -0.0002959756529890001, 0.05316876620054245, -0.01277976855635643, 0.013729508966207504, 0.04019381105899811, -0.0023563557770103216, -0.07169997692108154, 0.06156686320900917, -0.0377272367477417, -0.031077135354280472, 0.03075709566473961, 0.04040772095322609, 0.007093528751283884, -0.04892691224813461, 0.03945751115679741, 0.028357258066534996, -0.02171819843351841, -0.006093422416597605, 0.01404451671987772, 0.018005987629294395, 0.057014912366867065, 0.0204825010150671, -0.005028555169701576, -0.003190201474353671, -0.03429953753948212, 0.013355942443013191, 0.021299244835972786, -0.03670704737305641, -0.010247897356748581, 0.011880937032401562, 0.03601314127445221, -0.0496305488049984, -0.020826607942581177, -0.010135174728929996, 0.024291984736919403, -0.020006714388728142, -0.006094117648899555, 0.00043920602183789015, -0.017804743722081184, 0.014840053394436836, -0.006578593049198389, -0.011037461459636688, 0.0367034487426281, -0.011311535723507404, 0.004272734746336937, -0.051047127693891525, -0.038175735622644424, -0.014006668701767921, 0.03318916633725166, 0.04599548876285553, 0.050507497042417526, -0.028208162635564804, 0.02440069429576397, 0.011218114756047726, 0.0015220062341541052, 0.021351106464862823, -0.031028298661112785, 0.0276505034416914, 0.002873152494430542, -0.008961515501141548, -0.018576178699731827, -0.0045892163179814816, -0.0005833298782818019, -0.008904694579541683, 0.01795271784067154, 0.04147341474890709, 0.01580013521015644, -0.034064315259456635, -0.007375557441264391, 0.004130413755774498, 0.012471928261220455, -0.0015634495066478848, -0.030711088329553604, -0.04663728177547455, 0.034240785986185074, -0.008474927395582199, 0.0049224961549043655 ]
<p>Is the likelihood ratio test ($-2 \log L$) basically like the partial F-test in that you are using it for logistic regression instead of linear regression?</p>
703
[ -0.00285459216684103, 0.011210551485419273, -0.03873494639992714, 0.010905894450843334, 0.027464300394058228, 0.00867295078933239, 0.01481504738330841, -0.017211662605404854, 0.024363121017813683, -0.04531606659293175, 0.01227081473916769, 0.05175081267952919, 0.024935780093073845, -0.0066328817047178745, 0.019658803939819336, 0.0311940535902977, -0.016980845481157303, 0.04210897535085678, 0.010021601803600788, 0.009477184154093266, 0.012469061650335789, 0.019501961767673492, 0.05521389842033386, 0.032700370997190475, -0.038777295500040054, 0.0288695115596056, 0.03561463952064514, -0.05600040405988693, 0.0024636988528072834, 0.07448716461658478, -0.01956593245267868, 0.0037044999189674854, 0.002208501799032092, 0.05737201124429703, -0.0006317111547105014, 0.00409579835832119, 0.0038663886953145266, -0.039481062442064285, -0.010996701195836067, 0.06522222608327866, -0.04157416522502899, -0.04489031806588173, 0.016607435420155525, 0.03247922286391258, 0.011575770564377308, 0.030061369761824608, -0.010282021947205067, -0.04615538939833641, -0.01363119576126337, -0.05480998754501343, 0.04111190885305405, 0.01393155474215746, 0.014464578591287136, 0.01682589389383793, 0.024719035252928734, -0.0031234915368258953, 0.057418342679739, 0.0934247076511383, -0.02193305641412735, -0.048339102417230606, -0.03908490389585495, -0.06612475961446762, 0.013896121643483639, -0.023234175518155098, -0.04666915163397789, 0.009805306792259216, -0.012613345868885517, -0.02416500262916088, 0.05369722843170166, 0.003658578498288989, -0.017663879320025444, 0.029914947226643562, 0.028912875801324844, -0.03598016873002052, -0.01574244163930416, -0.03284426033496857, -0.008311680518090725, 0.039663396775722504, 0.015437429770827293, 0.03321387991309166, -0.001412746962159872, 0.007464576978236437, 0.026564599946141243, 0.05667414888739586, 0.027198344469070435, -0.017481328919529915, 0.0778847485780716, -0.007063705939799547, 0.009651420637965202, -0.00004145455386606045, -0.019382111728191376, -0.004713662900030613, 0.02022780105471611, -0.016820663586258888, -0.03990326076745987, 0.030609672889113426, -0.02185317873954773, 0.020489579066634178, 0.022268181666731834, 0.009689501486718655, -0.012821140699088573, -0.028807559981942177, 0.01608414202928543, 0.048368189483881, -0.006938100326806307, -0.008001850917935371, -0.017915824428200722, -0.013288972899317741, -0.01001274585723877, -0.01680365577340126, 0.010101747699081898, 0.041113611310720444, -0.006240781396627426, -0.01953706704080105, -0.006407424341887236, -0.03327156975865364, -0.03886910155415535, -0.04623064771294594, 0.037692341953516006, 0.03495999425649643, 0.03375735878944397, -0.019371509552001953, 0.022490134462714195, -0.00727354921400547, -0.039634525775909424, 0.02840607985854149, 0.017243163660168648, -0.0018398575484752655, -0.0345066636800766, 0.06169910728931427, 0.0054087270982563496, -0.02590131387114525, 0.04048197716474533, 0.04452192038297653, 0.044548459351062775, 0.025857359170913696, -0.065738745033741, -0.04866565763950348, 0.040348250418901443, 0.0023220691364258528, 0.02762654423713684, -0.05315793305635452, -0.016457634046673775, 0.053627800196409225, 0.04779983311891556, 0.021084364503622055, 0.04338827356696129, 0.004259677138179541, -0.0008342982036992908, 0.011476770974695683, -0.025173373520374298, -0.008936230093240738, -0.031861815601587296, -0.017122846096754074, 0.015019278042018414, -0.09772546589374542, -0.0002941028797067702, 0.016956087201833725, -0.009016316384077072, -0.023044507950544357, 0.042561013251543045, 0.0014860526425763965, -0.01594465970993042, -0.007927300408482552, -0.020516255870461464, -0.001315809553489089, 0.057150449603796005, -0.010850122198462486, -0.0017205976182594895, 0.015400015749037266, -0.012974313460290432, 0.031186088919639587, 0.018759343773126602, 0.038448236882686615, 0.047168973833322525, -0.03171273320913315, -0.02544926293194294, -0.045283496379852295, 0.04747912287712097, 0.007333105895668268, -0.03580189496278763, 0.01970640756189823, -0.016426321119070053, -0.0029667930211871862, 0.023397445678710938, 0.06125205010175705, 0.019080238416790962, -0.03371191769838333, 0.08083732426166534, -0.07365155220031738, -0.049863506108522415, -0.04134240001440048, 0.00961080752313137, 0.01203685998916626, -0.01871737651526928, 0.03202888369560242, 0.0547756664454937, 0.05535989999771118, -0.022844480350613594, -0.01542828418314457, -0.027813952416181564, -0.004344964399933815, -0.0060274782590568066, -0.044040746986866, 0.040616054087877274, 0.06986238807439804, 0.0383928008377552, -0.012467602267861366, 0.04036324843764305, -0.09637649357318878, -0.04821448028087616, 0.007750542368739843, 0.005745645146816969, 0.011491453275084496, -0.0030637411400675774, -0.03633002191781998, -0.004416933283209801, 0.001490001450292766, -0.022668620571494102, 0.04939093068242073, -0.07046864181756973, 0.06427790224552155, 0.06310530751943588, 0.035941820591688156, 0.037306636571884155, -0.054264046251773834, 0.0164488535374403, -0.0032000166829675436, -0.02898002602159977, -0.0028608159627765417, -0.02571280300617218, 0.00962169747799635, 0.05549730360507965, -0.0003784515429288149, -0.03865906596183777, 0.04131712019443512, 0.04118289053440094, 0.00010377335274824873, 0.0005964521551504731, 0.025549884885549545, -0.012701607309281826, -0.05340941622853279, -0.012401503510773182, 0.03251461684703827, 0.009643099270761013, 0.003938767127692699, 0.04898970574140549, 0.04393526166677475, 0.061179324984550476, -0.004716838710010052, -0.009059078991413116, 0.057617370039224625, -0.007422671653330326, -0.02304137498140335, 0.006385690998286009, 0.001489499700255692, 0.034301675856113434, -0.019247008487582207, 0.016034379601478577, 0.025504741817712784, 0.003365591634064913, 0.008497130125761032, 0.004017645493149757, -0.0028843062464147806, 0.031318120658397675, 0.030213920399546623, -0.03070726804435253, 0.011686371639370918, 0.04308908432722092, -0.047903575003147125, 0.01673327572643757, -0.03846316039562225, -0.02084154449403286, -0.023879747837781906, 0.026081601157784462, 0.030391165986657143, 0.003710406133905053, 0.00890052318572998, -0.006426144856959581, -0.051283106207847595, 0.015815317630767822, -0.022018762305378914, 0.02245822735130787, -0.004430695436894894, -0.04974985122680664, 0.0056100948713719845, -0.006577331572771072, -0.024053771048784256, 0.013542278669774532, -0.010944117791950703, 0.029409795999526978, -0.01137330662459135, -0.022250091657042503, -0.07341909408569336, -0.04332375153899193, -0.026841461658477783, -0.005195604637265205, -0.012764949351549149, -0.0013159678783267736, 0.019854038953781128, 0.002405926352366805, -0.013000985607504845, 0.002837286563590169, -0.050696928054094315, -0.0015148934908211231, -0.03377655893564224, -0.028146816417574883, 0.028466682881116867, -0.017833508551120758, 0.02064247615635395, 0.021334730088710785, -0.06246359273791313, 0.013398553244769573, -0.06908371299505234, -0.0558084100484848, 0.03365050256252289, 0.014794914051890373, 0.022084329277276993, -0.027349000796675682, -0.034174155443906784, 0.04529651999473572, 0.03718285262584686, -0.0139119578525424, -0.051320433616638184, 0.0020487913861870766, -0.06400030851364136, -0.025500213727355003, -0.014571339823305607, -0.010925544425845146, 0.025156009942293167, 0.05483080819249153, -0.008395332843065262, 0.004694104660302401, 0.02188652940094471, 0.036772578954696655, 0.013409818522632122, 0.0541277714073658, 0.0293626356869936, -0.01795889064669609, 0.02747388184070587, 0.0029568816535174847, -0.014658733271062374, 0.033300090581178665, 0.02644314244389534, 0.04101458936929703, 0.020388590171933174, -0.040253520011901855, 0.04611944407224655, -0.0019127675332129002, 0.0033600551541894674, -0.0077390726655721664, 0.03474278375506401, 0.008433138020336628, -0.009662894532084465, -0.01851271651685238, 0.005754177924245596, 0.007106885313987732, 0.0007534160395152867, 0.005044884514063597, 0.007007298991084099, 0.024984577670693398, -0.036778710782527924, -0.02454921416938305, -0.009177620522677898, -0.030939511954784393, 0.002303709974512458, 0.01319944392889738, -0.021258927881717682, 0.027795733883976936, 0.06543554365634918, 0.016022704541683197, -0.014037732034921646, -0.015269500203430653, 0.010205850005149841, -0.029194163158535957, -0.010710095055401325, -0.01355551928281784, 0.018421636894345284, -0.016577301546931267, 0.03334474936127663, 0.003692710306495428, -0.009739705361425877, 0.019215285778045654, 0.028564387932419777, -0.08170323073863983, 0.00711030000820756, -0.02929851971566677, 0.01662271097302437, -0.0028480675537139177, 0.006406837143003941, 0.04804929345846176, -0.04391860589385033, -0.007773249875754118, -0.04263807460665703, 0.005762071348726749, -0.03193531185388565, 0.007541850674897432, 0.007112818770110607, -0.007576820906251669, -0.0031290752813220024, 0.016727039590477943, -0.012240164913237095, 0.019837666302919388, 0.01824580319225788, 0.05745784193277359, -0.0012798437383025885, -0.021086299791932106, 0.008752383291721344, 0.0037903704214841127, 0.03246905654668808, 0.03168848156929016, 0.02761480212211609, 0.01053725928068161, -0.0697450339794159, 0.056218471378088, -0.003805343061685562, 0.03669040650129318, 0.021276043727993965, -0.015679875388741493, -0.02541225217282772, -0.017741406336426735, -0.04981159791350365, -0.01228275615721941, 0.009390318766236305, 0.018222177401185036, -0.0008641603635624051, 0.06222805380821228, 0.04486718773841858, -0.028528034687042236, -0.003932351712137461, 0.04864535480737686, -0.029581766575574875, -0.02755371853709221, -0.01454441249370575, 0.005196552257984877, -0.025769276544451714, 0.015241400338709354, 0.02334587462246418, -0.024328455328941345, -0.032140348106622696, -0.0073213279247283936, 0.03265957161784172, -0.0075896382331848145, -0.017682308331131935, -0.02114199288189411, 0.011751926504075527, 0.012399363331496716, 0.0169899370521307, -0.02945890836417675, 0.029737986624240875, 0.052163463085889816, 0.017444495111703873, 0.040020886808633804, 0.01981021650135517, -0.08740445971488953, 0.026859203353524208, 0.039643242955207825, 0.06317329406738281, -0.041362907737493515, -0.00943611841648817, -0.01799345761537552, -0.014137716963887215, 0.021282196044921875, -0.0024507460184395313, -0.013589411973953247, -0.018691645935177803, 0.015473036095499992, -0.030233483761548996, -0.049485716968774796, -0.04598461464047432, 0.018806716427206993, -0.01634153537452221, -0.032308969646692276, -0.03004489466547966, -0.014042479917407036, -0.04119931906461716, 0.007680885028094053, -0.007684941403567791, 0.0792592316865921, 0.006593072321265936, -0.008641337975859642, -0.006526623386889696, 0.015779584646224976, -0.02701430954039097, -0.04268655553460121, 0.0057511720806360245, 0.0062873512506484985, -0.02287883125245571, 0.031713347882032394, -0.010586312972009182, -0.016234466806054115, 0.051182329654693604, 0.0034811715595424175, -0.04361262172460556, 0.013136956840753555, -0.005569142289459705, 0.004489006008952856, 0.017457231879234314, 0.007967552170157433, 0.08697157353162766, 0.026185650378465652, -0.01973382569849491, -0.01820407435297966, -0.035744745284318924, 0.03924037888646126, -0.06359120458364487, -0.015998153015971184, -0.024944070726633072, -0.028926238417625427, -0.005537084769457579, 0.022797977551817894, 0.003668185556307435, 0.010656039230525494, 0.0032091534230858088, 0.0005951205966994166, -0.0247439406812191, 0.014849139377474785, 0.015646083280444145, -0.004334650468081236, 0.018548008054494858, 0.015029978938400745, -0.01110974233597517, -0.0208584051579237, 0.03399062156677246, -0.02578411065042019, 0.021129842847585678, 0.0119242612272501, -0.008534877561032772, 0.018368104472756386, -0.012741826474666595, -0.019336463883519173, 0.012461376376450062, 0.0016817881260067225, 0.027860470116138458, 0.01312967948615551, -0.03955516219139099, -0.009084181860089302, -0.050495732575654984, 0.003577688243240118, 0.026738090440630913, 0.0060798064805567265, 0.057793550193309784, -0.022515621036291122, 0.04292241483926773, 0.018918879330158234, -0.025141337886452675, -0.09154388308525085, -0.028713656589388847, -0.014498988166451454, -0.02875453792512417, -0.038753487169742584, -0.025627732276916504, -0.04356899857521057, 0.022997170686721802, -0.02342713065445423, -0.022448193281888962, 0.08788008242845535, -0.014369332231581211, -0.018663207069039345, -0.02560609020292759, -0.01058775745332241, 0.039913687855005264, 0.024281902238726616, -0.03369774669408798, -0.005447855219244957, -0.00888697151094675, -0.011259562335908413, -0.0051858206279575825, 0.0449322834610939, -0.03496537730097771, 0.01867855340242386, -0.004063250031322241, -0.02210771106183529, 0.022420966997742653, -0.02751130796968937, -0.04072064161300659, -0.002717764349654317, 0.026643916964530945, 0.012266503646969795, -0.0005144059541635215, 0.010125680826604366, -0.030325204133987427, 0.01938297413289547, -0.005755065008997917, 0.002271099481731653, -0.007811015006154776, -0.005660022608935833, 0.04935084655880928, 0.005538904573768377, 0.007819968275725842, 0.017977258190512657, 0.0852254182100296, -0.00421541603282094, 0.00012871195212937891, -0.008874059654772282, -0.005665051285177469, 0.03884522616863251, 0.020013075321912766, 0.00885953102260828, 0.023782795295119286, 0.0685664638876915, -0.032553549855947495, -0.017464375123381615, -0.029963204637169838, -0.01748606748878956, 0.06299210339784622, 0.005083683878183365, 0.021650537848472595, 0.0238164272159338, 0.002168945735320449, 0.040671586990356445, -0.017225103452801704, -0.0010476710740476847, -0.00609260518103838, -0.016160333529114723, 0.0343828983604908, -0.0314960740506649, 0.002413238165900111, 0.04187813401222229, -0.016731014475226402, 0.004094458185136318, 0.015285938046872616, 0.01875731535255909, 0.02771785482764244, 0.030734863132238388, 0.001429976080544293, -0.05233290418982506, 0.05922751873731613, -0.05278657004237175, 0.026210788637399673, -0.0430121086537838, -0.03229590877890587, 0.07774681597948074, 0.020586475729942322, 0.017474116757512093, -0.05737873911857605, 0.0031103864312171936, -0.05969173088669777, 0.025203939527273178, -0.025061096996068954, 0.03772303834557533, 0.050245027989149094, 0.002453411929309368, 0.025990987196564674, 0.00844976119697094, -0.0043290285393595695, 0.018798822537064552, -0.08554109930992126, -0.027424156665802002, 0.0266304649412632, -0.0077357105910778046, 0.006019293330609798, -0.017311563715338707, -0.028536256402730942, 0.011335550807416439, -0.03599122166633606, -0.003078607376664877, 0.00479851895943284, 0.03487836942076683, -0.02785182185471058, 0.06542486697435379, -0.010419080965220928, 0.010133922100067139, -0.029045628383755684, -0.04416527971625328, 0.12704482674598694, 0.06486375629901886, 0.021077115088701248, -0.09307865798473358, 0.02030814066529274, -0.024564363062381744, -0.005427425727248192, -0.016986029222607613, -0.027589039877057076, 0.0022538781631737947, -0.01737302727997303, 0.05127466842532158, 0.08236265927553177, -0.031477607786655426, -0.019680572673678398, 0.06674261391162872, -0.010593623854219913, -0.030425697565078735, -0.007388245314359665, -0.014467471279203892, -0.0260821171104908, -0.016984563320875168, -0.02205776609480381, -0.003779574064537883, -0.003931043669581413, 0.025797493755817413, -0.012084294110536575, -0.00776846194639802, 0.011970690451562405, -0.02645961567759514, -0.04672449827194214, -0.0366031713783741, 0.028934378176927567, 0.0026914835907518864, -0.020296499133110046, -0.0024078048299998045, -0.006427342537790537, -0.01774068921804428, -0.00677619269117713, 0.06368396431207657, 0.027872305363416672, 0.003331719897687435, -0.01850915513932705, -0.021675338968634605, -0.05052870884537697, 0.0015986148500815034, -0.04250931367278099, 0.020941564813256264, -0.004099891055375338, 0.017080355435609818, -0.009391994215548038, -0.003117113374173641, -0.014670930802822113, -0.003708657342940569, -0.01815752685070038, 0.04382406547665596, 0.05203486233949661, -0.006953627802431583, -0.016372986137866974, -0.05445302650332451, 0.03885378688573837, 0.010115141049027443, 0.03154589980840683, 0.041540250182151794, -0.01555480994284153, -0.006212678737938404, 0.01797114498913288, 0.027638891711831093, -0.017055287957191467, 0.02153705433011055, 0.012097492814064026, 0.010188095271587372, 0.0055320546962320805, -0.009685039520263672, 0.008971096947789192, -0.007466515991836786, 0.05866105481982231, -0.008790985681116581, -0.02569829858839512, -0.02418564260005951, -0.08269953727722168, 0.008305727504193783, -0.032741207629442215, -0.0004465459496714175, -0.07081819325685501, 0.001768415211699903, 0.0560939759016037, 0.01149126049131155, 0.01981250010430813, 0.03532089293003082, -0.03476562723517418, 0.0862896665930748, -0.021719587966799736, -0.06405923515558243, -0.033622726798057556, -0.0111022237688303, -0.010837593115866184, 0.012527287006378174, -0.017832187935709953, 0.02740548737347126, 0.010690903291106224, 0.048556409776210785, -0.005352811422199011, 0.004333832301199436, -0.021300025284290314, 0.024740448221564293, 0.004095019772648811, -0.033347636461257935, -0.017369268462061882, 0.01767026074230671, 0.006570887751877308, -0.005515902303159237, -0.029479755088686943, -0.06072162091732025, -0.039728447794914246, 0.01791282370686531, -0.028896821662783623, -0.028873976320028305, 0.005262944847345352, 0.007675721310079098, 0.020505644381046295, -0.03387518599629402, -0.008767696097493172, -0.03618637099862099, -0.01755746454000473, 0.009854714386165142, -0.03692546486854553, 0.025729550048708916, 0.004873650148510933, -0.007891038432717323, 0.0038883057422935963, 0.06358961760997772, 0.010348625481128693, -0.010443296283483505, 0.01696149818599224, 0.04563795030117035, -0.010512224398553371, 0.009818927384912968, -0.044695381075143814, -0.014075817540287971, 0.06834088265895844, -0.03597848117351532, -0.046448081731796265, 0.04385468736290932, 0.02318447455763817, 0.03910870850086212, 0.0009557773009873927, 0.018584752455353737, -0.01264656987041235, 0.029608242213726044, 0.026144472882151604, -0.005328008439391851, -0.022245097905397415, -0.007709583733230829, 0.023979386314749718, -0.00044383323984220624, -0.01734190620481968, -0.011527461931109428, -0.0036934383679181337, 0.005475188139826059, 0.06528729200363159, -0.02549363672733307, 0.00782390683889389, 0.00936871487647295, -0.015394034795463085, 0.05315827205777168, 0.008561237715184689, -0.005016221199184656, 0.017834775149822235, 0.008197312243282795, 0.0038788311649113894, 0.01777544431388378, -0.019592901691794395, 0.01674680970609188, -0.1153988242149353, -0.027191270142793655, 0.03169657289981842, 0.02004827745258808, 0.011894656345248222, -0.07046517729759216, -0.026296595111489296, 0.013012978248298168, -0.0177383404225111, -0.021933792158961296, -0.005436097737401724, -0.022193240001797676, -0.03456186130642891, -0.02646925114095211, -0.009306550957262516, 0.03467176482081413, 0.04371916502714157, 0.030482647940516472, 0.04712934419512749, 0.01903362013399601, 0.0003739112289622426, -0.020012859255075455, -0.005494686309248209, -0.007262337487190962, 0.015279784798622131, -0.0788751021027565, 0.04615500569343567, 0.0008803576347418129, -0.024380864575505257, 0.01652040332555771, 0.029960352927446365, 0.033533960580825806, 0.028354521840810776, 0.03877552971243858, 0.0029274802654981613, 0.0133327916264534, 0.04468366503715515, 0.008920569904148579, -0.03796376660466194, 0.015628302469849586, 0.011119399219751358, 0.04013691842556, -0.06509345024824142, 0.0038858673069626093, -0.018161838874220848, -0.013531465083360672, -0.010929673910140991, 0.012554424814879894, -0.00916366744786501, -0.01696956343948841, -0.005505119450390339, -0.02422700822353363, -0.0153626948595047, -0.03145933523774147, 0.028622008860111237, -0.04770301282405853, 0.001898597227409482, 0.041950713843107224, 0.02149062044918537, -0.05196487531065941, 0.02112147957086563, 0.007016433868557215, -0.033217284828424454, 0.02259497158229351, -0.002016217913478613, 0.009807918220758438, -0.04886898398399353, 0.001627850579097867, 0.006021883804351091, -0.022147050127387047, -0.019727356731891632, 0.01043588388711214, -0.03458504378795624, 0.051581669598817825, -0.009169411845505238, 0.013377551920711994, 0.04116075485944748, -0.003707525320351124, 0.004731954075396061, -0.05924515798687935, 0.07889244705438614, -0.014472158625721931, -0.03639333322644234, -0.024161048233509064, -0.015269419178366661, -0.034746065735816956, 0.0059476192109286785, 0.039934732019901276, 0.004122084006667137, 0.012440272606909275, -0.02694738656282425, 0.042642854154109955, 0.00252553797326982, -0.0418696366250515, -0.011407792568206787, -0.05210093781352043, -0.03594302758574486, -0.01943974196910858, -0.0031139864586293697, -0.0021728784777224064, -0.0019064188236370683, 0.021325960755348206, -0.008655337616801262, -0.0027979405131191015, -0.01871407777070999, 0.02790837548673153, 0.0481550358235836, -0.013295321725308895, -0.020707352086901665, 0.07282690703868866, 0.0014774692244827747, 0.03473193570971489, -0.0011999729322269559, -0.026358146220445633, -0.08063441514968872, 0.04022673889994621, -0.021333128213882446, -0.016023937612771988, 0.010557450354099274, 0.009345244616270065, -0.016426648944616318, -0.0012493184767663479, -0.018616199493408203, 0.026107780635356903, -0.037587910890579224, 0.007838801480829716, -0.0023742285557091236, 0.03087598644196987, 0.030661089345812798, 0.0007204175344668329, 0.020474255084991455, 0.016669414937496185, 0.006612875498831272, 0.0054345568642020226, 0.015415510162711143, 0.025240354239940643, -0.018214020878076553, -0.025090277194976807, 0.004543350078165531, -0.017414039000868797, 0.03518066927790642, 0.011673170141875744, 0.05914434418082237, -0.028338998556137085, 0.019745830446481705, 0.015377819538116455, -0.006375185679644346, 0.03721730783581734, -0.02631230093538761, 0.007691757287830114, 0.047819655388593674, -0.03547661378979683, 0.01425130944699049, -0.021993909031152725, -0.0061369468457996845, -0.013783197849988937, 0.021052466705441475, 0.028017055243253708, 0.004109514877200127, -0.011852261610329151, 0.008080984465777874, -0.002901768311858177, -0.032280292361974716, 0.022122221067547798, 0.0016572527820244431, -0.01086889486759901, -0.021755585446953773, -0.03206459432840347, -0.015564490109682083, -0.017527611926198006, -0.016603754833340645, -0.05821342021226883, -0.013682185672223568, 0.016848061233758926, 0.038250476121902466, -0.019068434834480286, -0.010979794897139072, 0.012015675194561481, 0.03904689848423004, -0.05274593085050583, -0.017399635165929794, -0.04413038119673729, -0.005934069398790598, 0.033589065074920654, -0.05689786747097969 ]
<p>This question is an extended version of <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/18294/what-does-equal-a-priori-class-probabilities-mean">this one</a>.</p> <p>As you can see here, two distributions are equal, I need to compute the parameters a,b,c,d and e. Could you show me a way to do that?</p> <hr> <p>Assume a two-class problem with equal a priori class probabilities and Gaussian class-conditional densities as follows:</p> <p>$$p(x\mid w_1) = {\cal N}\left(\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} a &amp; c \\ c &amp; b \end{bmatrix}\right)\quad\text{and}\quad p(x\mid w_2) = {\cal N}\left(\begin{bmatrix} d \\ e \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 1 &amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp; 1 \end{bmatrix}\right)$$</p> <p>where $ab-c^2=1$.</p>
74,098
[ -0.030577978119254112, -0.0032799632754176855, 0.016017980873584747, -0.028531089425086975, 0.023827632889151573, 0.002675464376807213, -0.050237007439136505, -0.023891042917966843, 0.01633610762655735, -0.02565513551235199, 0.018532011657953262, 0.06099267676472664, 0.09259919822216034, 0.025830905884504318, 0.033397503197193146, 0.025773925706744194, -0.011263351887464523, -0.014510530047118664, -0.028184400871396065, -0.004234204068779945, 0.00397128751501441, 0.011256683617830276, 0.036224886775016785, -0.08204153925180435, -0.0423518605530262, 0.02623387798666954, 0.020935306325554848, -0.045326653867959976, 0.02579941600561142, 0.055909834802150726, -0.016902931034564972, 0.016789928078651428, 0.036093246191740036, 0.020842960104346275, -0.004859175533056259, 0.013332191854715347, -0.013657115399837494, -0.04229841008782387, -0.006041610147804022, 0.0341450534760952, -0.005922954995185137, -0.0696725994348526, -0.005906052887439728, 0.0659010112285614, -0.007136993575841188, 0.027420807629823685, 0.02996205724775791, -0.05821050703525543, 0.024251366034150124, -0.0770030990242958, 0.07976905256509781, 0.005479469895362854, 0.0269766952842474, 0.017170285806059837, -0.04282689094543457, -0.04562467336654663, 0.029037874191999435, 0.08337736129760742, 0.031047919765114784, -0.049571692943573, -0.021338440477848053, -0.0017234697006642818, 0.027570825070142746, -0.00876859575510025, -0.028249796479940414, 0.011498114094138145, 0.00842070672661066, -0.03434089571237564, -0.006431107874959707, -0.031036531552672386, 0.009738779626786709, 0.011298404075205326, 0.04686358943581581, -0.023536091670393944, 0.017211593687534332, -0.00016425921057816595, -0.006858504842966795, 0.07040855288505554, 0.04616634547710419, -0.004392686299979687, -0.007406223099678755, 0.02820320427417755, 0.027318062260746956, 0.047172125428915024, 0.0027269090060144663, -0.0036428149323910475, 0.07124702632427216, 0.009021780453622341, 0.029519718140363693, 0.005078549962490797, -0.019028985872864723, -0.008258311077952385, 0.06736797839403152, -0.034835271537303925, -0.025316661223769188, 0.057165663689374924, -0.013789042830467224, 0.019063882529735565, 0.0037865471094846725, -0.017032720148563385, -0.02054455317556858, -0.02337527833878994, -0.012568917125463486, 0.007508551701903343, -0.01673782616853714, 0.002495597582310438, -0.02670842595398426, 0.013394690118730068, -0.049919020384550095, -0.04226388409733772, -0.04906725510954857, 0.0917820930480957, -0.016091641038656235, -0.006764921359717846, 0.04271974787116051, -0.008514895103871822, -0.017584744840860367, 0.003490448696538806, 0.04892236739397049, 0.04928723722696304, 0.07436423748731613, -0.027903469279408455, -0.00245672301389277, -0.02682502754032612, -0.02606372721493244, -0.007882436737418175, 0.02034052647650242, 0.008919513784348965, -0.037797123193740845, 0.050289057195186615, -0.0027939756400883198, 0.005798515398055315, 0.0047852834686636925, 0.007454857230186462, -0.031036311760544777, -0.026339728385210037, -0.04943529888987541, -0.03567620739340782, 0.04533430188894272, -0.00510373106226325, -0.005409959238022566, -0.07008904963731766, -0.0028431974351406097, 0.04565691202878952, 0.04832429438829422, -0.01068545039743185, 0.05591081827878952, 0.03175755590200424, 0.053136419504880905, 0.005824080668389797, 0.007775940001010895, -0.006592691410332918, -0.04122411087155342, -0.02176976390182972, -0.02046802267432213, -0.07413002848625183, -0.008121544495224953, 0.04908822476863861, -0.027312424033880234, 0.015552088618278503, 0.033701151609420776, -0.005983191542327404, -0.024337615817785263, 0.01516006886959076, 0.028656303882598877, -0.02143958769738674, 0.04554582014679909, 0.03420380502939224, 0.05195342004299164, 0.028534483164548874, -0.02752181887626648, -0.0015478545101359487, 0.009021150879561901, 0.05318247526884079, 0.05228334292769432, -0.020580440759658813, -0.021916883066296577, -0.01859169639647007, 0.03919821232557297, 0.0038121924735605717, -0.04364042729139328, -0.032971955835819244, -0.017878416925668716, -0.013729257509112358, -0.007095463573932648, 0.016516096889972687, 0.01693849265575409, 0.006876891478896141, 0.004421056713908911, -0.010576451197266579, -0.019705545157194138, -0.10584646463394165, 0.0064995065331459045, 0.00560192484408617, -0.047883179038763046, 0.035628486424684525, -0.0286065936088562, -0.011220667511224747, 0.023224346339702606, 0.0031370422802865505, -0.00428474135696888, 0.0003324672288727015, 0.00621411157771945, -0.02538725920021534, 0.02599942684173584, 0.02205595001578331, 0.08954963833093643, -0.022459160536527634, 0.05979129672050476, -0.036752041429281235, -0.06500127911567688, 0.0032897647470235825, 0.008600777946412563, 0.06185740604996681, 0.004367928486317396, -0.008013060316443443, -0.0003863663587253541, -0.014703111723065376, -0.014665099792182446, 0.021757002919912338, -0.05054532736539841, 0.02616443857550621, 0.07108400762081146, 0.0052059609442949295, 0.01749151572585106, 0.0298469215631485, 0.004308240953832865, 0.009938767179846764, -0.010135522112250328, 0.028898878023028374, -0.012394597753882408, 0.006924188695847988, 0.02853577956557274, 0.022980207577347755, -0.04123157262802124, 0.029621317982673645, 0.03338852897286415, 0.008949337527155876, 0.0061134034767746925, 0.043564897030591965, -0.008295862935483456, -0.0288873091340065, -0.0026977378875017166, -0.007891517132520676, -0.0017786421813070774, -0.01792185567319393, -0.014455772005021572, -0.008997233584523201, 0.033286262303590775, 0.005176684819161892, 0.004866824951022863, 0.054719291627407074, -0.030371908098459244, 0.004434079863131046, -0.024991903454065323, 0.010099830105900764, 0.04456706345081329, -0.020207777619361877, -0.019050560891628265, 0.025602886453270912, -0.015265243127942085, -0.031002454459667206, 0.0100640207529068, -0.03511476889252663, 0.042782191187143326, -0.0056000459007918835, -0.044116806238889694, -0.006985512096434832, 0.02527608536183834, -0.006392345298081636, 0.03317857161164284, 0.024879083037376404, -0.04218946397304535, -0.0026546542067080736, 0.030506104230880737, -0.009591028094291687, 0.018202941864728928, 0.011981138028204441, -0.0421626977622509, -0.04291677474975586, 0.01099903229624033, 0.006358100101351738, 0.04832446575164795, 0.004015371669083834, -0.042519524693489075, 0.015163861215114594, -0.05940890312194824, -0.004259638022631407, 0.02615339308977127, -0.02678050473332405, -0.052975185215473175, 0.010220447555184364, 0.009922278113663197, -0.0166187547147274, -0.027562536299228668, -0.015327764675021172, 0.002192288637161255, -0.04347757622599602, -0.004164583515375853, 0.029547560960054398, -0.025228340178728104, -0.02639317326247692, 0.022009659558534622, -0.01729496754705906, -0.0428847074508667, -0.020057668909430504, -0.00201057200320065, 0.04328713193535805, -0.011049705557525158, 0.024000881239771843, 0.021870508790016174, -0.0023497415240854025, 0.010897506959736347, -0.09159187227487564, -0.06917453557252884, 0.01980450749397278, -0.006338499020785093, 0.027567099779844284, -0.014465494081377983, -0.02956611104309559, 0.053820375353097916, 0.04588872194290161, -0.03531656041741371, 0.004955969285219908, 0.013078639283776283, -0.01602114364504814, -0.0004748484934680164, -0.013743322342634201, 0.022011084482073784, -0.0373687706887722, 0.027256883680820465, 0.029028262943029404, -0.01822725683450699, 0.05698097497224808, -0.018737254664301872, -0.00287011731415987, 0.022838355973362923, -0.02615959756076336, 0.004360425751656294, 0.013884717598557472, -0.0051624164916574955, 0.009759316220879555, -0.006831649225205183, -0.009353571571409702, 0.007283141370862722, 0.0253183301538229, -0.019470147788524628, -0.013951641507446766, -0.028400234878063202, 0.003991023637354374, -0.017028018832206726, 0.05731894075870514, 0.04899013042449951, -0.027812955901026726, 0.027071727439761162, 0.00006700686208205298, 0.005358136724680662, -0.03166121989488602, 0.006302217487245798, 0.07334885001182556, 0.035410985350608826, -0.040524981915950775, -0.02877604402601719, -0.008947527036070824, 0.005961521994322538, 0.008424786850810051, -0.027583429589867592, -0.04605475813150406, 0.022043436765670776, 0.03553801402449608, 0.031728215515613556, 0.004713182337582111, -0.04073238745331764, 0.001312224194407463, -0.06997654587030411, 0.001755310338921845, -0.010425982065498829, 0.029272541403770447, 0.008209001272916794, 0.03145994991064072, -0.015737535431981087, -0.011498823761940002, 0.04238252341747284, -0.005059263668954372, -0.05460374802350998, 0.009439931251108646, 0.00535579351708293, 0.028017448261380196, -0.016047591343522072, -0.006989118177443743, 0.06610169261693954, -0.009382071904838085, -0.02679414302110672, -0.006215212866663933, 0.020939810201525688, -0.043889351189136505, -0.009004571475088596, -0.0330626480281353, -0.052893660962581635, 0.008980914019048214, -0.007149690296500921, -0.005676994100213051, -0.018680667504668236, 0.025433365255594254, 0.06741747260093689, -0.01945781521499157, 0.005052002612501383, 0.011469302698969841, 0.04519570991396904, 0.004175788257271051, 0.041030000895261765, 0.004237339366227388, 0.045624203979969025, -0.01277311984449625, 0.020388998091220856, 0.017188431695103645, 0.06511518359184265, 0.04865693300962448, -0.004322667606174946, 0.0025214108172804117, -0.04335034266114235, -0.03135005012154579, -0.0008934977813623846, 0.03585946187376976, -0.019446469843387604, -0.023432688787579536, 0.04206152260303497, 0.027504337951540947, -0.04607298970222473, 0.07005391269922256, 0.054276637732982635, 0.0075253574177622795, 0.00009786787268240005, -0.008953861892223358, -0.00033431308111175895, -0.028075985610485077, -0.02077631838619709, 0.028516478836536407, -0.015735270455479622, 0.018662137910723686, -0.03694602847099304, 0.04137967899441719, 0.004417254589498043, 0.004737973213195801, 0.016132518649101257, 0.019667908549308777, 0.0071305641904473305, 0.05542353540658951, -0.0466686487197876, -0.02266111969947815, 0.043363578617572784, 0.019043946638703346, -0.008748972788453102, 0.011877814307808876, -0.07070305198431015, -0.02271316945552826, 0.04881132394075394, 0.05755210667848587, -0.03087979555130005, -0.013078521937131882, -0.014770742505788803, -0.022730667144060135, 0.04504992440342903, -0.01843779906630516, 0.03255622833967209, -0.002078646095469594, -0.01584160327911377, -0.012191814370453358, -0.00782674178481102, -0.02623373083770275, 0.019381647929549217, 0.02796095423400402, 0.005905765108764172, 0.0135525893419981, -0.020758425816893578, -0.040234487503767014, -0.009264050051569939, 0.04092463478446007, 0.056442033499479294, -0.057506851851940155, -0.02873009443283081, 0.0018428661860525608, 0.023768963292241096, -0.017444275319576263, -0.0721830353140831, -0.013074293732643127, -0.007078285329043865, -0.037017352879047394, 0.05947131663560867, -0.04404124245047569, -0.029319072142243385, 0.01757110096514225, -0.02214728854596615, -0.03600441291928291, -0.002943101804703474, 0.019149919971823692, 0.06309182941913605, 0.01763143576681614, 0.016027314588427544, 0.04669641703367233, 0.0011940161930397153, 0.0024399301037192345, -0.01007125061005354, -0.05136547610163689, -0.010288135148584843, 0.000567898852750659, -0.044700998812913895, -0.062245842069387436, 0.024756424129009247, -0.02418571338057518, 0.029363669455051422, 0.0033910777419805527, 0.006806790828704834, -0.036709148436784744, -0.07063449174165726, 0.009390182793140411, -0.010202143341302872, -0.022566065192222595, 0.01560886763036251, -0.02293584868311882, -0.024057453498244286, 0.019609006121754646, 0.002794344676658511, 0.02675006538629532, -0.03294563665986061, 0.036580197513103485, 0.006335982587188482, -0.015933796763420105, 0.01330295018851757, -0.05807013064622879, -0.006698367185890675, -0.010077946819365025, -0.05206579342484474, 0.03987954184412956, 0.02847725711762905, 0.037114810198545456, 0.019809279590845108, -0.018566420301795006, -0.032752081751823425, 0.023014910519123077, 0.008189849555492401, 0.02869359217584133, -0.00881193671375513, -0.011664623394608498, 0.02051476389169693, -0.020427320152521133, -0.04922858253121376, -0.012537706643342972, -0.017918581143021584, 0.0011542042484506965, -0.03503522649407387, -0.053098227828741074, 0.017040472477674484, -0.01201182883232832, -0.005055801942944527, 0.0008623655303381383, 0.06555026769638062, -0.00001726135451463051, -0.028324518352746964, 0.02106395550072193, 0.025455983355641365, 0.041767917573451996, -0.013930927962064743, -0.012152583338320255, 0.023186057806015015, -0.0011333475122228265, -0.028964802622795105, -0.0029458298813551664, 0.04890649765729904, -0.04492776840925217, -0.036126844584941864, -0.02866775542497635, 0.012300020083785057, 0.055474720895290375, -0.008007709868252277, -0.009098012000322342, 0.015067310072481632, 0.005924731958657503, 0.015099880285561085, -0.015706613659858704, -0.008902577683329582, 0.006971181835979223, 0.0022373527754098177, -0.016346411779522896, -0.012271915562450886, -0.026029327884316444, 0.0049506863579154015, 0.02166299894452095, -0.0014936643419787288, -0.06321270018815994, 0.022717008367180824, 0.07333314418792725, -0.019350554794073105, -0.007719043176621199, 0.00908639281988144, -0.015360292978584766, 0.04913554713129997, 0.03661775216460228, 0.005123692099004984, 0.023340309038758278, -0.0014488404849544168, -0.027931680902838707, -0.007632243912667036, -0.07295923680067062, 0.009580153040587902, 0.05157545581459999, 0.012629675678908825, 0.05978274717926979, 0.03650364279747009, 0.03898214176297188, 0.012463744729757309, -0.02756391279399395, 0.004337130580097437, -0.019130198284983635, -0.015281475149095058, 0.06630587577819824, -0.046157754957675934, -0.0276890117675066, 0.05795793607831001, -0.03519512712955475, 0.013771743513643742, -0.0034373055677860975, 0.00563883176073432, 0.032052285969257355, 0.03719748929142952, -0.006665895227342844, -0.04306366667151451, 0.062081240117549896, -0.0195732694119215, -0.01319248415529728, -0.0546785332262516, -0.04203243553638458, 0.0536542683839798, 0.026452980935573578, -0.015558972023427486, -0.017048224806785583, -0.009040790610015392, -0.06487882137298584, 0.04952581599354744, 0.01664510928094387, 0.011135176755487919, 0.013099108822643757, 0.00931744184345007, 0.04591204226016998, -0.03983265161514282, 0.0355110689997673, -0.015039549209177494, -0.07511627674102783, -0.05172324180603027, -0.04374806955456734, -0.03129095211625099, -0.026245100423693657, 0.04765259101986885, 0.00029204730526544154, 0.019880255684256554, -0.03218383714556694, 0.02471904456615448, 0.015026411972939968, 0.03487958386540413, -0.03410325571894646, 0.07510832697153091, -0.002083405153825879, 0.010234888643026352, -0.0193234384059906, -0.021002277731895447, 0.10653599351644516, 0.03969159722328186, 0.05769143998622894, -0.03870431333780289, 0.032412488013505936, 0.023225320503115654, 0.005465851165354252, -0.03385787829756737, 0.0302461925894022, 0.007570317946374416, -0.02579856850206852, 0.021994080394506454, 0.03584339842200279, 0.03049873188138008, -0.02957800216972828, 0.037696436047554016, -0.021582799032330513, -0.04889707267284393, 0.022083034738898277, -0.0008216641726903617, -0.01237455289810896, 0.026510978117585182, -0.011673091910779476, -0.010696432553231716, 0.005660098511725664, 0.012670532800257206, -0.05244280397891998, -0.022657450288534164, -0.028107983991503716, -0.031060459092259407, -0.011424942873418331, -0.006237640976905823, 0.0181588064879179, -0.0014528603060171008, 0.003929433412849903, -0.0022491130512207747, -0.018931996077299118, -0.004450524691492319, 0.0036467688623815775, 0.030127933248877525, -0.019201884046196938, 0.045795731246471405, 0.002024322049692273, 0.005007706582546234, -0.04063943028450012, -0.02794509381055832, -0.03452613577246666, 0.032218314707279205, -0.03768656402826309, -0.030691087245941162, 0.011945064179599285, -0.04103554040193558, -0.0156832505017519, -0.05439097434282303, -0.016408616676926613, 0.0048601580783724785, 0.023048169910907745, -0.018738441169261932, -0.012391231022775173, -0.040000736713409424, 0.04773535579442978, -0.004258469678461552, 0.027235984802246094, -0.007872588001191616, -0.031894709914922714, -0.014634134247899055, -0.02590899169445038, 0.06570831686258316, 0.0077988882549107075, 0.00957855861634016, -0.01683788374066353, -0.0058706412091851234, -0.02684515342116356, -0.04880591109395027, 0.022306660190224648, 0.004870167933404446, 0.006197782699018717, -0.012820085510611534, -0.0015301548410207033, -0.002397288102656603, -0.04873058572411537, -0.03300671651959419, -0.02069721557199955, 0.018457233905792236, -0.004032508470118046, -0.012796932831406593, 0.03941183537244797, 0.05434247851371765, -0.011666928417980671, 0.019376887008547783, 0.02905087172985077, 0.06979162245988846, 0.00022954998712521046, -0.03438645228743553, 0.007089265156537294, -0.007058612536638975, -0.01563800685107708, 0.0037927578669041395, 0.0073800235986709595, 0.04177692532539368, 0.005082950461655855, 0.03865351155400276, -0.0160953551530838, 0.018994729965925217, -0.04022427648305893, 0.010083364322781563, -0.00013863673666492105, -0.043084900826215744, 0.006545211188495159, 0.04375782981514931, 0.02740541659295559, -0.01832464709877968, 0.009241718798875809, -0.001995227998122573, -0.057512398809194565, 0.006426938809454441, -0.04039397090673447, -0.03209072723984718, -0.02101466804742813, -0.024084357544779778, 0.03537167236208916, -0.023214153945446014, 0.0006863346789032221, 0.002585202921181917, 0.040861278772354126, -0.015043908730149269, 0.003998656291514635, -0.004378556273877621, 0.027904123067855835, 0.007726260460913181, -0.02081744559109211, 0.020484160631895065, 0.01783653162419796, 0.0037835631519556046, 0.00010438382014399394, -0.023961713537573814, 0.006212580017745495, 0.06518808752298355, -0.008077738806605339, -0.04340937361121178, 0.040898844599723816, -0.03530669957399368, -0.04219447448849678, 0.008589561097323895, -0.0029445509426295757, 0.06458044052124023, 0.03042403981089592, -0.012770655564963818, -0.029195576906204224, 0.04222707450389862, -0.03262019529938698, -0.029256243258714676, -0.004488953854888678, -0.014415206387639046, -0.018508438020944595, -0.010847099125385284, 0.008490891195833683, 0.018042948096990585, -0.01807856187224388, 0.006200010422617197, 0.05903647467494011, -0.031087765470147133, -0.01296659279614687, 0.03149029240012169, 0.025070078670978546, 0.026360709220170975, 0.005922693759202957, 0.014510830864310265, 0.017268188297748566, 0.046041231602430344, 0.008297866210341454, 0.038056474179029465, -0.039161235094070435, 0.03417271748185158, -0.114203542470932, -0.020171072334051132, 0.03187038004398346, 0.009350953623652458, 0.08408983796834946, -0.039272427558898926, 0.016405893489718437, 0.04642586037516594, -0.059797048568725586, 0.027485856786370277, -0.013808447867631912, 0.0005870122695341706, -0.036375388503074646, 0.05088139697909355, -0.02990361489355564, 0.07025214284658432, 0.017381886020302773, 0.01663549244403839, 0.054259415715932846, 0.022416595369577408, -0.027159200981259346, -0.028243539854884148, -0.004005203023552895, 0.011614772491157055, 0.04996968060731888, -0.03892874717712402, 0.03760463744401932, -0.013647204264998436, -0.020352214574813843, 0.04822856932878494, 0.02570560947060585, 0.033047065138816833, 0.0051439437083899975, 0.008838689886033535, 0.02292800135910511, 0.019379526376724243, 0.03618203476071358, 0.011640539392828941, -0.011315141804516315, -0.004775190260261297, 0.03464836627244949, 0.0027940350119024515, -0.006795800291001797, 0.0035146784503012896, 0.018528921529650688, -0.00003183513763360679, -0.03087596595287323, 0.02763178199529648, -0.022449079900979996, -0.019964484497904778, 0.002578361891210079, -0.022179212421178818, -0.003841821104288101, -0.014348585158586502, 0.015401720069348812, -0.06239619478583336, 0.004256358370184898, 0.0009328546584583819, 0.001579750794917345, -0.0025733045767992735, 0.061873845756053925, -0.022073524072766304, -0.07003666460514069, 0.028201064094901085, -0.002159153576940298, -0.0186646468937397, -0.026344945654273033, -0.01651783660054207, 0.012522595003247261, -0.016585567966103554, 0.01453719288110733, -0.042258769273757935, -0.04728829115629196, 0.024909745901823044, -0.03513931855559349, 0.009038898162543774, -0.010544061660766602, 0.048715922981500626, -0.015250899828970432, -0.06148550286889076, 0.049001723527908325, 0.035364314913749695, -0.02478121966123581, -0.021926583722233772, -0.004298655316233635, -0.027933642268180847, 0.013159153051674366, 0.03998187184333801, 0.030736811459064484, 0.01904183067381382, -0.003979609813541174, 0.01590256206691265, -0.029471050947904587, -0.026817530393600464, 0.05879649147391319, 0.013627084903419018, -0.00955633632838726, -0.01612790673971176, 0.006235618144273758, 0.030159417539834976, -0.0011173499515280128, -0.0035597735550254583, -0.008395479060709476, 0.0062644705176353455, 0.022093234583735466, -0.02265627309679985, 0.023773394525051117, 0.005816262681037188, 0.010358680039644241, 0.051916372030973434, -0.000718139111995697, 0.0009899861179292202, -0.013082017190754414, -0.03210457041859627, -0.013852656818926334, 0.03275661543011665, -0.05134880542755127, -0.04931104555726051, -0.0015597406309098005, 0.014112201519310474, 0.024729307740926743, -0.0814937949180603, 0.0013002170016989112, 0.012145308777689934, -0.040259674191474915, 0.02259254641830921, 0.049354467540979385, 0.008317860774695873, 0.0368100143969059, -0.03298110142350197, 0.005501712206751108, 0.007037879433482885, -0.039164818823337555, -0.024442972615361214, -0.01695871911942959, 0.01279048714786768, -0.011699373833835125, 0.0017893154872581363, 0.03795904666185379, 0.00019910176342818886, 0.01868867501616478, 0.004050029907375574, -0.0019013460259884596, -0.03439963608980179, -0.008156886324286461, 0.04124670475721359, -0.00999242253601551, -0.00016942352522164583, -0.016927815973758698, -0.01856907643377781, 0.041707832366228104, 0.00963001511991024, -0.0061884052120149136, -0.042517684400081635, -0.003555497620254755, -0.024994533509016037, -0.014448984526097775, 0.03420552611351013, 0.01608222723007202, -0.01157409232109785, -0.014271371066570282, -0.0015435589011758566, -0.025882668793201447, 0.024738384410738945, -0.02945125475525856, 0.026537831872701645, -0.02864367887377739, -0.01568729057908058, -0.0003024505858775228, -0.023084798827767372, -0.03519926592707634, -0.024904927238821983, -0.02688911370933056, 0.03110067918896675, 0.026978474110364914, -0.030177319422364235, -0.013762627728283405, -0.0002576829574536532, 0.06675499677658081, -0.004179617390036583, 0.023396136239171028, -0.038020212203264236, 0.008895893581211567, 0.014172355644404888, -0.04744997248053551 ]
<p>There are two main probabilistic approaches to novelty detection: parametric and non-parametric. The non-parametric approach assumes that the distribution or density function is derived from the training data, like kernel density estimation (e.g., Parzen window), while parametric approach assumes that the data comes from a known distribution.</p> <p>I am not familiar with the parametric approach. Could anyone show me some well known algorithms? By the way, can MLE be considered as a kind of parametric approach (the density curve is known, and then we seek to find the parameter corresponding to the maximum value)?</p>
74,099
[ -0.017081988975405693, -0.027997847646474838, 0.016411691904067993, -0.0007206849404610693, 0.01856815069913864, 0.01976509392261505, 0.019251173362135887, -0.034315042197704315, 0.032301802188158035, -0.03469659760594368, 0.021943124011158943, 0.03834357485175133, 0.0540754497051239, 0.02194753848016262, 0.02564876340329647, 0.005926094017922878, -0.008422629907727242, -0.028859874233603477, -0.026325920596718788, 0.010628866031765938, -0.03172078728675842, 0.02233912982046604, 0.028476532548666, -0.05419348552823067, -0.0587514229118824, 0.04662904888391495, 0.02890365570783615, 0.0019189572194591165, 0.01295417919754982, 0.10678891837596893, -0.06510376930236816, -0.027511978521943092, 0.0074776541441679, 0.029423290863633156, -0.010707243345677853, 0.00809227954596281, -0.05432894825935364, -0.02700187638401985, -0.03386105224490166, 0.016027919948101044, -0.05374623090028763, -0.024691252037882805, 0.02403213642537594, 0.017438184469938278, -0.01071348786354065, -0.01431290339678526, -0.013435682281851768, -0.04184049740433693, 0.03405342623591423, -0.060043107718229294, 0.07123605906963348, 0.01798105053603649, 0.027553798630833626, 0.024809064343571663, -0.021863460540771484, -0.0002434728667140007, 0.04018769413232803, 0.06949792057275772, -0.006466031074523926, -0.07331188023090363, -0.010979744605720043, -0.03674928471446037, 0.010860281996428967, 0.0016583455726504326, -0.06793990731239319, 0.05259808525443077, -0.02727205492556095, -0.007440684363245964, 0.024091266095638275, -0.008237244561314583, 0.005623123608529568, -0.011670971289277077, 0.06538526713848114, -0.004851248115301132, 0.011398401111364365, 0.031207289546728134, -0.000628155714366585, 0.010982689447700977, 0.05187755823135376, 0.0323212668299675, 0.0339396707713604, 0.0036437492817640305, -0.009610848501324654, 0.042039159685373306, 0.01413571648299694, -0.030180100351572037, 0.08532495051622391, -0.03568427637219429, 0.015048309229314327, 0.013050151988863945, -0.04410695284605026, -0.03051438182592392, 0.036108069121837616, -0.04311976581811905, -0.046872328966856, 0.03127934783697128, 0.0017923746490851045, 0.03972248360514641, 0.0037458655424416065, -0.032796040177345276, 0.003025137586519122, -0.03387787193059921, 0.0066891023889184, 0.053189780563116074, -0.05196920409798622, -0.009733002632856369, -0.024851061403751373, -0.003945278003811836, 0.006350271869450808, 0.028689108788967133, -0.02452925220131874, 0.02555003948509693, 0.02271580696105957, 0.01859019137918949, 0.027164839208126068, 0.0234930869191885, -0.010245601646602154, -0.01768195629119873, 0.03249130770564079, 0.055022161453962326, 0.0009551862603984773, 0.0006024683243595064, 0.031165409833192825, -0.020436035469174385, -0.04668440669775009, 0.028947792947292328, 0.028028985485434532, -0.025797473266720772, -0.03643467649817467, 0.070343978703022, -0.01602439023554325, -0.008696116507053375, 0.05945995822548866, -0.010793419554829597, 0.0311884805560112, 0.010374308563768864, -0.05419982969760895, -0.030910903587937355, 0.026162123307585716, -0.008368522860109806, 0.03541490435600281, -0.045895304530858994, -0.024725381284952164, 0.0451425202190876, 0.02095240354537964, -0.012010876089334488, 0.015272438526153564, 0.012745041400194168, 0.02647745981812477, -0.03261452540755272, -0.016810543835163116, -0.010558431968092918, -0.004211127758026123, 0.011820873245596886, 0.0009273362229578197, -0.08822876960039139, 0.021627072244882584, 0.0009210423449985683, 0.00510245468467474, -0.020007533952593803, 0.04398277774453163, -0.012976781465113163, -0.015345576219260693, -0.007710866630077362, 0.04084519296884537, -0.002276456682011485, 0.0824078842997551, 0.013511027209460735, 0.02208445779979229, 0.06365102529525757, -0.009970066137611866, 0.05643577501177788, -0.014442335814237595, 0.020901529118418694, 0.053370460867881775, -0.02971496991813183, -0.05295566841959953, -0.02277544140815735, 0.03801712393760681, 0.016268186271190643, 0.016867918893694878, 0.015953559428453445, -0.016963481903076172, -0.0024722751695662737, 0.010750770568847656, 0.021708382293581963, 0.007269253488630056, -0.027800757437944412, 0.06231619417667389, -0.049051668494939804, -0.05287754908204079, -0.0554838553071022, 0.024435928091406822, -0.02668706513941288, -0.05314061418175697, 0.040713030844926834, 0.008039254695177078, 0.01293849665671587, -0.02083640545606613, -0.014204153791069984, -0.03937998414039612, -0.021458933129906654, 0.022649088874459267, -0.07029952853918076, 0.005866726394742727, 0.036300741136074066, -0.008046428672969341, -0.01795281656086445, 0.015869366005063057, -0.05461477115750313, -0.056145090609788895, -0.000011962216376559809, -0.032721322029829025, -0.01764635741710663, -0.012454050593078136, -0.045480940490961075, -0.002213278552517295, -0.008018609136343002, -0.06295312196016312, 0.0047107576392591, -0.048726171255111694, 0.05735424906015396, 0.07083766162395477, 0.04535214230418205, -0.01411698292940855, -0.022847570478916168, 0.0035057563800364733, 0.009465636685490608, 0.004183704033493996, 0.0003652458544820547, -0.06803694367408752, -0.04417834058403969, 0.05036986246705055, 0.015603621490299702, -0.04720449820160866, 0.025387227535247803, 0.058192722499370575, 0.020545391365885735, 0.03326783329248428, 0.03693116828799248, -0.017449544742703438, -0.02248270809650421, 0.024179628118872643, 0.05615701526403427, 0.00219687819480896, -0.00723863672465086, 0.031577225774526596, 0.018470898270606995, 0.05628278851509094, -0.025972245261073112, 0.0019468008540570736, 0.017637057229876518, -0.009845673106610775, 0.00919857993721962, -0.03144983947277069, -0.02876429818570614, 0.0420309379696846, -0.015053465031087399, -0.025369463488459587, 0.01102228369563818, 0.026208937168121338, 0.009041025303304195, -0.0008130162605084479, -0.029981203377246857, 0.021454710513353348, 0.014322588220238686, -0.02491755597293377, 0.012641185894608498, 0.028743190690875053, -0.0621834471821785, -0.0023072415497153997, 0.00033759657526388764, -0.04218088835477829, -0.053326234221458435, 0.015056077390909195, 0.036739930510520935, -0.008400850929319859, -0.004736250266432762, 0.01566918008029461, -0.04132150113582611, 0.00692845368757844, -0.02513957768678665, 0.009681805968284607, 0.025921544060111046, -0.059073541313409805, 0.015728499740362167, -0.044372089207172394, -0.011001784354448318, 0.06251233071088791, 0.002626105211675167, -0.013294246979057789, -0.010646374896168709, 0.01711118407547474, -0.039609070867300034, -0.0006950495881028473, -0.04605856537818909, 0.028023062273859978, -0.01390870288014412, -0.001974606653675437, 0.028550902381539345, 0.004682715050876141, -0.0436391718685627, 0.03829750046133995, -0.024866117164492607, -0.02746492438018322, -0.05528625100851059, -0.0012955436250194907, 0.0035236412659287453, 0.014632240869104862, 0.014818577095866203, 0.03380359709262848, -0.007011743262410164, 0.02772863768041134, -0.04687759280204773, -0.0356840044260025, -0.02980056405067444, -0.010627682320773602, 0.054503172636032104, 0.003653781721368432, -0.013446586206555367, 0.03609919548034668, 0.02090664580464363, -0.03195950761437416, -0.025724956765770912, 0.017114190384745598, -0.02503867819905281, -0.02047194354236126, -0.012922839261591434, 0.016837650910019875, 0.0081667210906744, -0.001664204290136695, 0.018912719562649727, -0.013975762762129307, 0.04487423971295357, 0.042368993163108826, -0.014559663832187653, 0.029111573472619057, 0.012452674098312855, -0.02602016180753708, 0.05588740482926369, 0.023874161764979362, -0.014691270887851715, 0.06215691566467285, 0.007635204587131739, -0.023044006898999214, 0.00455478485673666, 0.022491827607154846, 0.045168522745370865, -0.02840610407292843, -0.03640880435705185, -0.028614183887839317, 0.021743817254900932, 0.007063923869282007, -0.015265582129359245, -0.0010808573570102453, 0.011303503066301346, 0.001959501998499036, -0.05027393624186516, 0.004039363004267216, 0.03149751201272011, 0.019697362557053566, -0.03164329752326012, -0.020012542605400085, -0.013462463393807411, -0.03499368578195572, 0.0014209778746590018, 0.00014457188080996275, -0.008609929122030735, 0.03364161029458046, 0.027949439361691475, 0.03349972516298294, -0.009176435880362988, -0.02979438193142414, -0.01801660843193531, -0.06881600618362427, 0.009270125068724155, -0.01117956917732954, 0.07178975641727448, -0.007281424943357706, 0.026676109060645103, 0.03743826597929001, 0.020703108981251717, 0.035147830843925476, 0.0034363309387117624, -0.08741731941699982, 0.05532804876565933, -0.037312209606170654, -0.009015364572405815, -0.0005398204084485769, -0.022674808278679848, 0.02869306318461895, -0.0018620080081745982, 0.022729923948645592, -0.0032065764535218477, 0.01578475348651409, -0.05162958428263664, -0.014385392889380455, -0.03696261718869209, -0.015187692828476429, -0.04320666193962097, 0.0021304639521986246, 0.007495851255953312, -0.01885244995355606, 0.025101598352193832, 0.03207619860768318, -0.013992257416248322, 0.012812881730496883, 0.010160945355892181, -0.0035473096650093794, -0.013218141160905361, 0.05376221984624863, -0.004732269328087568, 0.024746300652623177, -0.056064315140247345, 0.036506228148937225, 0.02068716287612915, 0.09199584275484085, 0.03233148157596588, -0.01996876485645771, -0.02621689811348915, -0.012064150534570217, -0.0012636218452826142, -0.0026824355591088533, 0.008578428998589516, -0.001774509553797543, 0.02919825352728367, 0.0072441077791154385, 0.004692720714956522, -0.053358230739831924, 0.0085402000695467, 0.0431518629193306, -0.008374177850782871, -0.002510417252779007, -0.01535754557698965, -0.011456581763923168, -0.023770956322550774, -0.017053265124559402, 0.014672236517071724, 0.03126634657382965, -0.009187246672809124, 0.021478962153196335, 0.031434591859579086, -0.012248175218701363, -0.03134068846702576, -0.045199476182460785, 0.0324210561811924, 0.0013119131326675415, -0.0015545699279755354, -0.01849696971476078, 0.03805285319685936, 0.012139249593019485, 0.03780214861035347, -0.005528625566512346, 0.003102676011621952, -0.09960421174764633, 0.03457155451178551, 0.06622851639986038, 0.04050745815038681, -0.04334356263279915, -0.01554048527032137, -0.07779362797737122, 0.017956838011741638, 0.03385978192090988, -0.0237539354711771, -0.013442100957036018, -0.006438730284571648, 0.008960353210568428, -0.025402549654245377, 0.010190365836024284, -0.037679094821214676, -0.003810807364061475, -0.006754558067768812, 0.046528495848178864, -0.025990640744566917, -0.023457808420062065, -0.05786619335412979, 0.003430345794185996, -0.01088575180619955, 0.0886453315615654, -0.024351855739951134, -0.03715004771947861, 0.007082914933562279, 0.005574442911893129, 0.0012269247090443969, -0.06963750720024109, 0.010770752094686031, 0.011204410344362259, -0.011604219675064087, 0.040429841727018356, -0.0333423875272274, -0.047715406864881516, 0.0033962163142859936, 0.0032196936663240194, -0.040804553776979446, -0.013582760468125343, 0.012932238169014454, 0.009498036466538906, 0.02770163118839264, 0.03630395606160164, 0.05920235812664032, 0.022046908736228943, 0.03632613271474838, -0.00819630641490221, -0.0031553443986922503, 0.009492176584899426, -0.040505990386009216, 0.0021143322810530663, -0.05188947170972824, -0.0053238351829349995, -0.026584848761558533, 0.06339696794748306, 0.02180071920156479, 0.0447479747235775, -0.027808090671896935, 0.001432134653441608, 0.008189915679395199, 0.06432203948497772, 0.008182372897863388, -0.01607918180525303, 0.008376729674637318, 0.01823646016418934, -0.0030179887544363737, 0.03176875412464142, 0.023315105587244034, -0.010032759979367256, 0.0036244720686227083, -0.0025588765274733305, -0.036898113787174225, 0.005796230863779783, -0.039984967559576035, -0.03545182943344116, 0.010364551097154617, -0.010051647201180458, 0.06852226704359055, 0.0017542167333886027, 0.026855766773223877, 0.04797499254345894, -0.06055942177772522, -0.0024367377627640963, 0.022458266466856003, -0.011302057653665543, 0.06021977588534355, -0.05749960616230965, 0.03456410393118858, -0.060616038739681244, 0.01148313470184803, -0.0828724279999733, -0.022667208686470985, 0.04713265970349312, -0.009958314709365368, -0.05218355730175972, -0.02149353176355362, 0.010322325862944126, -0.020157499238848686, -0.03410240635275841, 0.001000067568384111, 0.05429350584745407, 0.007054460700601339, -0.008300308138132095, 0.005630103405565023, 0.016548149287700653, 0.08066243678331375, -0.0012754796771332622, 0.008512262254953384, 0.002560376189649105, 0.014731350354850292, -0.012199490331113338, -0.0012306568678468466, 0.014851056970655918, -0.025233453139662743, 0.01984884962439537, -0.02100032940506935, 0.001956360647454858, 0.02444177120923996, -0.04097096621990204, 0.0012606369564309716, 0.0603853203356266, 0.0037107993848621845, 0.0005629353108815849, -0.023876825347542763, -0.026571612805128098, -0.029874786734580994, -0.0001526469859527424, 0.0017731224652379751, -0.0005370938451960683, 0.009493427351117134, -0.012477156706154346, 0.07233499735593796, 0.005434124730527401, 0.045174386352300644, 0.009058983996510506, 0.015858491882681847, -0.034507520496845245, -0.0005090297781862319, -0.002956548472866416, -0.006933445110917091, 0.014039662666618824, -0.016201941296458244, 0.0019214015919715166, 0.001959330402314663, 0.021480537950992584, -0.046594128012657166, 0.01618582382798195, -0.028899841010570526, -0.006692385300993919, 0.03296603634953499, 0.004270768724381924, 0.05453350022435188, 0.03913717716932297, -0.0017227507196366787, -0.033774349838495255, -0.023550858721137047, -0.027227742597460747, 0.005914380773901939, 0.005375999491661787, 0.046784695237874985, 0.009519309736788273, 0.0489775724709034, 0.03040754795074463, -0.011342504061758518, 0.03409783914685249, 0.07543904334306717, -0.025760216638445854, 0.05910104513168335, 0.06702245026826859, -0.018525511026382446, -0.03163556754589081, 0.04583415016531944, -0.0246568713337183, 0.020724967122077942, -0.012612560763955116, 0.017066776752471924, 0.015819432213902473, 0.026564233005046844, 0.011627636849880219, -0.03445068374276161, 0.007139463908970356, -0.04042007774114609, 0.026706431061029434, 0.0217044148594141, -0.019385958090424538, 0.020496489480137825, 0.007545911241322756, 0.014626475982367992, -0.0039335195906460285, 0.005353184416890144, -0.019977213814854622, -0.062240928411483765, -0.026377353817224503, 0.021020986139774323, -0.019970715045928955, 0.02297769859433174, -0.016706332564353943, -0.043043989688158035, 0.026454227045178413, -0.027883775532245636, 0.004239602480083704, 0.041680708527565, 0.03632894530892372, -0.021754121407866478, 0.08023839443922043, -0.03319082781672478, 0.05330177769064903, -0.038020290434360504, 0.019109180197119713, 0.10857509821653366, 0.08500197529792786, 0.03231089562177658, -0.06013999879360199, 0.00824666302651167, -0.041387446224689484, -0.012549740262329578, -0.023965422064065933, 0.029790429398417473, 0.02073378674685955, 0.009418183006346226, 0.015724249184131622, 0.005722459405660629, 0.010014364495873451, 0.027001531794667244, 0.05337708070874214, -0.046157415956258774, -0.028052043169736862, 0.008712208829820156, 0.007496261037886143, 0.009420163929462433, 0.016277670860290527, -0.05637870728969574, 0.00398391205817461, -0.03671576827764511, -0.024204332381486893, -0.025072656571865082, -0.057908084243535995, 0.0135063910856843, -0.011551525443792343, 0.0036408163141459227, -0.009481778368353844, 0.005415662191808224, 0.003976554609835148, 0.018921716138720512, 0.0034899937454611063, -0.024733703583478928, -0.012307047843933105, 0.02806311473250389, 0.04898679628968239, 0.062472905963659286, -0.04147262126207352, -0.018332598730921745, 0.026115313172340393, -0.038334235548973083, 0.0004895121674053371, -0.0277984831482172, 0.05891706794500351, -0.012945950031280518, 0.01914595626294613, 0.012220836244523525, 0.01641235686838627, -0.010795636102557182, -0.01147481519728899, -0.031865108758211136, -0.004074513912200928, 0.01961616426706314, -0.0006386180175468326, 0.0010464766528457403, -0.04873413220047951, 0.019423088058829308, 0.004175773821771145, 0.03729720041155815, -0.021778181195259094, -0.0039407918229699135, -0.043254438787698746, -0.012909458950161934, 0.02721547707915306, -0.01599186658859253, -0.025615746155381203, -0.02512422204017639, -0.03240334242582321, -0.009967857040464878, -0.020847197622060776, 0.00335754849947989, -0.008885446935892105, 0.01776902936398983, -0.0000828927441034466, -0.022944223135709763, -0.003801620565354824, -0.024415936321020126, 0.016766417771577835, -0.028870197013020515, 0.05791362002491951, -0.028017478063702583, 0.007916806265711784, 0.05099944397807121, 0.0313204824924469, 0.02518826350569725, 0.02858211100101471, 0.017004139721393585, 0.022597160190343857, 0.02679111808538437, -0.06662505120038986, -0.017771951854228973, -0.013985668309032917, -0.010736842639744282, 0.00749074574559927, -0.026052089408040047, 0.04767143726348877, 0.03960270807147026, 0.006480189971625805, -0.009765688329935074, 0.009509965777397156, -0.020890874788165092, 0.006525429431349039, -0.03568049147725105, -0.04010486230254173, -0.03718895837664604, -0.018269477412104607, 0.032108329236507416, -0.013027675449848175, -0.03699491173028946, 0.00187041109893471, 0.0030555622652173042, -0.0013919079210609198, 0.010711869224905968, -0.02267462946474552, -0.011917141266167164, 0.029455147683620453, 0.04159487783908844, -0.009698117151856422, 0.006097419187426567, -0.006766273640096188, -0.0004741785232909024, -0.015266243368387222, -0.011617455631494522, -0.0027520449366420507, 0.018250828608870506, 0.009116420522332191, -0.019625304266810417, 0.004241178743541241, 0.04621642082929611, 0.014068938791751862, 0.013593555428087711, -0.00262895948253572, -0.0281673576682806, 0.024650873616337776, -0.02434638887643814, -0.014925145544111729, 0.04495042935013771, -0.07833228260278702, -0.044015977531671524, 0.029426738619804382, 0.004234551917761564, 0.014052329584956169, 0.032126534730196, 0.017093973234295845, -0.0010576724307611585, 0.022785624489188194, -0.00024088156351353973, -0.01906675659120083, -0.023465769365429878, 0.02260301075875759, -0.001039190567098558, 0.010482831858098507, 0.0319613553583622, -0.024156050756573677, -0.016765505075454712, 0.010432476177811623, 0.017048535868525505, 0.013336710631847382, -0.023021003231406212, 0.04701167717576027, -0.04240255802869797, 0.05182840675115585, 0.027952909469604492, 0.01792334020137787, 0.05546167120337486, 0.06960015743970871, -0.01008125115185976, 0.03798481822013855, -0.032916128635406494, 0.0009387419559061527, -0.07799708843231201, -0.019446618854999542, 0.021220382302999496, -0.032827358692884445, 0.043146707117557526, -0.05780128017067909, 0.010488864034414291, 0.06376322358846664, -0.052297934889793396, 0.019224414601922035, -0.02022627368569374, -0.015310867689549923, -0.031171156093478203, 0.025071127340197563, -0.023666219785809517, 0.04158193990588188, -0.002000975888222456, 0.023788904771208763, 0.05624915286898613, 0.020860200747847557, -0.02484513819217682, -0.011466939933598042, -0.018669776618480682, 0.027819998562335968, 0.046670544892549515, -0.07403367757797241, 0.03469644486904144, -0.06516174972057343, -0.038498785346746445, 0.04799693450331688, 0.010666485875844955, -0.02155710943043232, 0.0068808975629508495, -0.0038008433766663074, 0.002998931799083948, 0.03756548836827278, 0.04450805485248566, 0.00968338456004858, 0.01631198450922966, 0.009275802411139011, 0.02175336703658104, 0.03923014923930168, -0.04541175067424774, 0.010660085827112198, 0.008055799640715122, -0.014751122333109379, -0.0027094280812889338, 0.014431837946176529, -0.020629674196243286, -0.04467179998755455, -0.011549514718353748, 0.0050180088728666306, -0.018626563251018524, -0.011227579787373543, 0.011783404275774956, -0.0457320474088192, 0.006894521880894899, -0.009091779589653015, 0.03684273734688759, -0.00282746902666986, 0.034051693975925446, -0.016247035935521126, -0.04571040719747543, -0.0019251633202657104, -0.004042967222630978, -0.001414963393472135, -0.057199981063604355, -0.01378225814551115, -0.017022263258695602, -0.0041732159443199635, -0.020754169672727585, -0.018547214567661285, -0.04471273347735405, 0.030452769249677658, -0.01664465293288231, 0.005784463137388229, 0.019211189821362495, -0.005590679589658976, -0.01484215073287487, -0.06966809928417206, 0.07413388788700104, 0.0052445922046899796, -0.011247465386986732, -0.05540987104177475, -0.002094096038490534, -0.045526959002017975, 0.0036356605123728514, 0.05306361988186836, -0.0008072383352555335, 0.011138726957142353, -0.016722319647669792, 0.016165683045983315, -0.004173215478658676, -0.052830252796411514, 0.006680514197796583, -0.015679802745580673, -0.04359869286417961, -0.004762725904583931, -0.029719440266489983, 0.017545172944664955, 0.0037013404071331024, 0.022225718945264816, 0.004427093546837568, 0.014946848154067993, 0.013569001108407974, 0.010673637501895428, 0.04228221997618675, 0.013628631830215454, -0.011663567274808884, 0.02603398822247982, -0.01325845904648304, 0.0252905935049057, -0.004851990379393101, -0.0065285502932965755, -0.036001503467559814, 0.04614167660474777, -0.034913185983896255, -0.03948242962360382, -0.0028999049682170153, 0.026119163259863853, -0.007100897841155529, -0.01745644025504589, -0.028698386624455452, 0.02177404798567295, -0.05046677961945534, 0.03299719840288162, 0.03476613387465477, -0.010297024622559547, 0.0467749685049057, 0.00559732923284173, 0.021571708843111992, -0.0010883567156270146, 0.043874211609363556, -0.012659570202231407, 0.029338480904698372, 0.029136424884200096, -0.01886351965367794, 0.006213291548192501, -0.0029241200536489487, -0.04316133260726929, 0.027470238506793976, -0.011565078981220722, 0.015116981230676174, -0.048478417098522186, -0.009512249380350113, 0.014903425239026546, -0.014503609389066696, -0.013214205391705036, -0.0007141864625737071, -0.03265531733632088, 0.06214248761534691, -0.027171283960342407, 0.0017818619962781668, -0.03770831227302551, -0.017650987952947617, -0.013465872034430504, -0.00961305946111679, 0.002730738837271929, 0.03358538821339607, 0.008905163034796715, 0.01606491580605507, 0.0057069407775998116, 0.03927690535783768, 0.031527016311883926, -0.025443634018301964, 0.02829480543732643, -0.04204333946108818, 0.013745900243520737, -0.014795644208788872, -0.0343373604118824, -0.013944234699010849, -0.0028765746392309666, 0.03428245335817337, 0.02475094422698021, 0.02497224137187004, -0.0000938711964408867, -0.030608167871832848, 0.0033882190473377705, 0.026690948754549026, -0.04265866428613663, 0.0005408516735769808, -0.043420687317848206, 0.009708625264465809, -0.021098094061017036, -0.045485466718673706 ]
<p>Here is the head of my data set (<code>tjornres</code>): </p> <pre><code> Fish.1 Fish.2 MORPHO DIET 1 1 2 0.03768 0.1559250 2 1 3 0.05609 0.7897060 3 1 4 0.03934 0.4638010 4 1 5 0.03363 0.1200480 5 1 6 0.05629 0.4390760 6 1 8 0.08366 0.1866750 7 1 9 0.04892 0.0988235 8 1 10 0.04427 0.2637140 </code></pre> <p><code>MORPHO</code> and <code>DIET</code> refer to the morphological and diet distances between fish 1 and fish 2. My original data set has over 2400 pairs of fish. My goal is to resample this dataset by selecting only 435. I would like to do this 999 times and get a distribution of the correlation coefficients <code>MORPHO~DIET</code>. </p> <p>I went on and wrote this code: </p> <pre><code>head(tjornres) essayres = tjornres # copy of the data R = 999 # the number of replicates cor.values = numeric(R) # store the data for (i in 1:R) { # loop + group1 = sample(essayres, size=435, replace=F) + group2 = sample(essayres, size=435, replace=F) + cor.values[i] = cor.test(group1,group2)$cor + } </code></pre> <p>I have a syntax error in this code. </p> <p>Also if I run one resampling, <code>sample(essayres, size=435, replace=F)</code>, I get this error </p> <pre><code>message: Error in `[.data.frame`(x, .Internal(sample(length(x), size, replace, :cannot take a sample larger than the population when 'replace = FALSE'. </code></pre> <p>Does anyone know why this code is not working? Are there any other ways to resample (without replacement) ? Thank you for your help, </p>
36,758
[ -0.020039299502968788, -0.030511723831295967, 0.030490051954984665, -0.0009924269979819655, 0.022517705336213112, 0.031463395804166794, -0.0037318719550967216, -0.038713306188583374, -0.012096071615815163, -0.022012045606970787, 0.047091707587242126, 0.09549662470817566, 0.039206936955451965, 0.028554437682032585, 0.054295722395181656, 0.030170775949954987, -0.009809870272874832, 0.03545184060931206, 0.007454882841557264, -0.008995959535241127, 0.00037045415956526995, 0.007493800017982721, 0.03835581988096237, -0.028398258611559868, 0.010345377959311008, 0.024307074025273323, 0.024488359689712524, -0.03052239865064621, 0.017520861700177193, 0.028955593705177307, -0.050343625247478485, -0.06310050189495087, 0.04415221884846687, 0.0017383611993864179, 0.013946070335805416, 0.03142412379384041, 0.006484929472208023, -0.047964926809072495, 0.00033204222563654184, 0.005174319259822369, -0.03584440052509308, 0.011976041831076145, 0.029076557606458664, 0.017846345901489258, 0.041417960077524185, 0.04846273735165596, -0.020889410749077797, 0.009803381748497486, -0.003972061909735203, 0.01982017233967781, 0.08124532550573349, -0.000004599472958943807, 0.03371535241603851, -0.010339001193642616, -0.027930207550525665, 0.005727957934141159, 0.0667063370347023, 0.0047081816010177135, -0.0028762025758624077, -0.06696266680955887, 0.0005851192399859428, -0.060527633875608444, -0.0060125309973955154, 0.02690945565700531, -0.011095664463937283, -0.006062466651201248, -0.01499655470252037, 0.004413342569023371, 0.04324859380722046, -0.0065177250653505325, 0.0454905740916729, 0.02172240987420082, 0.013625239953398705, -0.027642618864774704, 0.023490983992815018, -0.0037260258104652166, 0.027100322768092155, -0.009321462363004684, 0.04407697916030884, 0.04368627071380615, 0.005147598218172789, 0.02446461282670498, 0.009995109401643276, 0.020595047622919083, 0.046751249581575394, -0.02575445920228958, 0.031658221036195755, -0.028912266716361046, 0.032496366649866104, 0.036558233201503754, -0.02227085269987583, -0.012119690887629986, 0.04752625152468681, -0.0025959520135074854, 0.01106459740549326, 0.02977682463824749, 0.009121795184910297, 0.02739529497921467, -0.04157596826553345, 0.008931477554142475, -0.038324985653162, -0.06551389396190643, 0.016542717814445496, 0.021779801696538925, -0.02876834198832512, -0.012539664283394814, -0.026830801740288734, -0.03345092758536339, -0.015935324132442474, -0.024771900847554207, 0.03604770824313164, 0.017613962292671204, -0.0013630591565743089, -0.013514963909983635, 0.02923206426203251, -0.026428284123539925, -0.013282015919685364, 0.04659159481525421, 0.06880521029233932, 0.04223964735865593, 0.04601335898041725, 0.02477521263062954, 0.01892983540892601, -0.02799135260283947, -0.04164404422044754, 0.02497679926455021, 0.010351832956075668, 0.015910649672150612, -0.013449438847601414, 0.024471357464790344, -0.025140970945358276, -0.02919531613588333, 0.040638674050569534, -0.0011732409475371242, 0.017096327617764473, -0.0016396383289247751, -0.09167617559432983, -0.048856254667043686, 0.036754462867975235, 0.01831270381808281, 0.0008735778392292559, -0.03975212574005127, 0.05982270464301109, 0.017907261848449707, 0.04615781456232071, 0.029754161834716797, 0.05076880380511284, 0.00501391664147377, -0.02172490581870079, 0.001505865715444088, -0.015955936163663864, -0.006250506266951561, -0.04673280194401741, 0.02029215730726719, -0.010637129656970501, -0.06657841056585312, 0.023268600925803185, -0.02008569985628128, -0.013369162566959858, 0.0072551597841084, 0.024887247011065483, -0.0196831151843071, -0.016092626377940178, -0.029255982488393784, -0.039684973657131195, -0.05040165036916733, 0.03997531160712242, -0.01973295770585537, -0.025345828384160995, 0.005167298950254917, -0.04788733646273613, 0.004193850327283144, -0.011930854059755802, 0.020517688244581223, 0.025138137862086296, -0.044577788561582565, 0.03934034705162048, -0.010560018010437489, 0.0071174269542098045, 0.04869671165943146, 0.019974980503320694, -0.019842060282826424, 0.02656279131770134, -0.02503488026559353, 0.08233913779258728, 0.0048791589215397835, 0.030235514044761658, -0.019077759236097336, 0.03849660977721214, -0.05091541260480881, -0.0497039295732975, -0.06565430015325546, -0.010709441266953945, -0.0030783829279243946, -0.03340662270784378, -0.027312302961945534, 0.006077882368117571, 0.03065614216029644, 0.03719966486096382, -0.016125308349728584, -0.0382641926407814, -0.03516799211502075, 0.057842936366796494, -0.029345139861106873, -0.008923564106225967, 0.02379678562283516, 0.03162277489900589, -0.027534639462828636, 0.04264078289270401, 0.019070856273174286, 0.016033362597227097, -0.0022477905731648207, -0.029559768736362457, -0.004913552664220333, -0.009923689998686314, 0.0013689118204638362, 0.023132208734750748, 0.00276655494235456, -0.05470750108361244, 0.07548414170742035, -0.03687204793095589, 0.036641888320446014, 0.05784422904253006, 0.010073089972138405, -0.007775779347866774, -0.012519382871687412, -0.010393518023192883, 0.03892549127340317, -0.03932188078761101, 0.003728737821802497, -0.08525226265192032, -0.004506581928580999, 0.032891061156988144, -0.005118718836456537, -0.03741190582513809, -0.023321108892560005, 0.03890622407197952, -0.021528268232941628, 0.018762245774269104, 0.030444398522377014, -0.008756072260439396, -0.042292892932891846, 0.002647101180627942, 0.040705449879169464, 0.05896582826972008, -0.01851951889693737, 0.005761865992099047, -0.008838034234941006, 0.07703907787799835, -0.0031418863218277693, -0.005318183917552233, 0.006359393242746592, 0.008110719732940197, -0.004682580009102821, -0.0020896464120596647, -0.00878654234111309, 0.021172888576984406, -0.004692558664828539, 0.015299597755074501, 0.04530216008424759, 0.022891823202371597, -0.01788826286792755, 0.001299278810620308, -0.014636460691690445, 0.0005981032736599445, 0.051271311938762665, -0.005505637265741825, 0.0012938309228047729, -0.00006476882845163345, -0.03884272649884224, -0.0121271638199687, -0.015042341314256191, -0.03831641376018524, -0.06604982912540436, 0.01443274226039648, 0.01112343743443489, -0.016678890213370323, 0.02055639959871769, -0.011205116286873817, 0.02017151191830635, 0.010573301464319229, -0.014178390614688396, 0.0195320937782526, -0.009331172332167625, -0.0470333956182003, 0.016470126807689667, 0.013043364509940147, 0.026982566341757774, -0.016625363379716873, 0.023595968261361122, -0.033355847001075745, 0.02277204394340515, -0.0049910396337509155, -0.048946961760520935, -0.025859728455543518, -0.03734803944826126, 0.0016236394876614213, -0.016893787309527397, 0.0016029003309085965, 0.07285301387310028, 0.029335008934140205, -0.05842246860265732, -0.02914799191057682, -0.038169726729393005, 0.007447545416653156, -0.026838548481464386, -0.014930359087884426, -0.014355347491800785, 0.01357543095946312, -0.02428947575390339, 0.009885141626000404, 0.0033935722894966602, -0.019953833892941475, -0.04126083850860596, -0.050537798553705215, 0.011861254461109638, 0.05075275897979736, 0.010288776829838753, -0.0069367592222988605, 0.030300874263048172, 0.03534168377518654, 0.04688292369246483, -0.015650693327188492, -0.034512050449848175, 0.023484131321310997, -0.010450609028339386, -0.027872135862708092, 0.02795420028269291, -0.000278983439784497, -0.008697877638041973, -0.013031082227826118, -0.0009464723407290876, 0.061752840876579285, 0.026483239606022835, -0.04881695657968521, -0.007302305661141872, 0.020548690110445023, -0.008278110064566135, 0.00017055765783879906, 0.053855396807193756, 0.019294552505016327, -0.04036553204059601, 0.04671129584312439, -0.019887246191501617, 0.005741158500313759, -0.0012228210689499974, -0.03944360837340355, -0.018215812742710114, 0.03373469039797783, 0.06430842727422714, -0.0484595000743866, 0.03948871046304703, 0.025935828685760498, -0.06674737483263016, 0.017172036692500114, 0.013863621279597282, 0.058431029319763184, -0.017055347561836243, -0.004150275606662035, 0.036184314638376236, 0.03276420384645462, -0.027961047366261482, 0.04424488916993141, -0.04287567362189293, 0.012384085915982723, -0.008092434145510197, -0.044922638684511185, -0.027762124314904213, 0.02443881146609783, 0.048720646649599075, 0.036563366651535034, -0.00749670434743166, -0.023252436891198158, 0.014696461148560047, -0.02674032375216484, 0.005955722648650408, -0.04433603957295418, 0.046658728271722794, 0.016738835722208023, 0.02949235960841179, 0.03453657403588295, -0.004951649345457554, -0.018015766516327858, -0.0031325118616223335, -0.04517238587141037, 0.049755118787288666, 0.026745928451418877, -0.023297706618905067, 0.01942637749016285, -0.045165348798036575, 0.031115828081965446, -0.008944440633058548, 0.04427967220544815, 0.016470547765493393, -0.004024323541671038, -0.027542049065232277, 0.012337934225797653, 0.006975427735596895, -0.0035572682972997427, -0.00539639126509428, 0.010103081353008747, 0.05406824126839638, -0.024595558643341064, 0.06486332416534424, 0.018410811200737953, -0.0352231040596962, -0.018015528097748756, -0.05653419345617294, 0.02358211763203144, 0.03596916422247887, 0.05439832806587219, 0.03601974993944168, 0.05150103196501732, -0.04963446035981178, -0.021831203252077103, -0.005316752474755049, 0.031303007155656815, 0.0754534900188446, 0.011021992191672325, 0.011626167222857475, 0.001006202190183103, 0.022692665457725525, 0.010408797301352024, 0.018047267571091652, -0.034047290682792664, -0.0435948520898819, 0.02193366549909115, 0.03913901746273041, -0.03361596539616585, 0.03122352622449398, 0.04177342727780342, 0.031122049316763878, -0.013184246607124805, -0.019203349947929382, -0.013447456061840057, 0.01732645183801651, -0.0026282030157744884, 0.020304139703512192, 0.011935850605368614, -0.009304174222052097, 0.01208027545362711, 0.013794299215078354, -0.00698609696701169, -0.007491627242416143, 0.0010487234685570002, 0.01627795584499836, 0.047146275639534, -0.026852712035179138, -0.020997757092118263, -0.02566022425889969, -0.00041270238580182195, 0.0333191454410553, 0.0016354068648070097, -0.009916882961988449, -0.0945243164896965, 0.00608307309448719, 0.014155746437609196, 0.06166736036539078, -0.045794881880283356, -0.0024469727650284767, -0.03170923888683319, -0.04599202796816826, 0.04476172849535942, -0.0522589236497879, 0.01808793842792511, -0.02728356420993805, -0.0016254709335044026, 0.0061624119989573956, -0.02187718264758587, -0.07829444855451584, 0.015306401066482067, -0.04783352464437485, -0.007143883965909481, -0.028010228648781776, -0.051844920963048935, -0.019846344366669655, 0.0009791607735678554, -0.012894691899418831, 0.05418495088815689, -0.07738185673952103, -0.036732904613018036, 0.043943360447883606, -0.02176818810403347, 0.005811246577650309, 0.0016616411739960313, 0.03659890592098236, -0.012936289422214031, 0.015562568791210651, 0.03206067532300949, 0.029103195294737816, -0.005078963004052639, 0.018254946917295456, 0.046826332807540894, 0.0010074389865621924, -0.029240373522043228, -0.022688446566462517, 0.02260562963783741, 0.01952298730611801, -0.0031809706706553698, 0.0384676419198513, 0.04005761072039604, 0.006602018140256405, 0.012490803375840187, -0.11108341068029404, -0.0018157977610826492, -0.0023007853887975216, -0.05108331888914108, -0.07189730554819107, -0.0007927559199742973, -0.013786505907773972, -0.0009704729309305549, 0.007994714193046093, -0.013203185983002186, -0.04169546812772751, 0.02236827462911606, 0.059136006981134415, 0.0319567434489727, -0.015815369784832, -0.01634543016552925, -0.006445711012929678, 0.022716758772730827, 0.027065478265285492, -0.024994904175400734, 0.038879938423633575, -0.049819160252809525, -0.024866336956620216, 0.007603512145578861, -0.04288686066865921, -0.005937447305768728, -0.015276644378900528, -0.019212687388062477, 0.02687871642410755, -0.03388068452477455, -0.01002456620335579, 0.009382890537381172, 0.04975985363125801, -0.0033114247489720583, -0.002972833113744855, 0.012769590131938457, 0.03399350494146347, -0.0008483892306685448, -0.00827787071466446, -0.02316173166036606, 0.03876025602221489, 0.015427956357598305, 0.010421434417366982, -0.06919299811124802, -0.037061236798763275, 0.02745010331273079, -0.0008049920434132218, -0.022621065378189087, -0.027454478666186333, -0.06498554348945618, 0.019066670909523964, 0.040156345814466476, -0.028325576335191727, 0.021626263856887817, -0.002065846463665366, 0.01531863771378994, -0.0359257236123085, 0.017708683386445045, 0.06919537484645844, -0.019550403580069542, 0.00627522636204958, 0.023578185588121414, -0.013262412510812283, -0.014823701232671738, 0.019599471241235733, -0.02366410754621029, -0.036077264696359634, -0.005406100302934647, -0.012849908322095871, -0.0014592695515602827, 0.03003297559916973, 0.005661360453814268, -0.05032731965184212, -0.002069872571155429, -0.010513217188417912, 0.04041118547320366, -0.04329269006848335, -0.026643848046660423, -0.010258784517645836, 0.025220850482583046, -0.03909779340028763, 0.03679172322154045, -0.015938835218548775, -0.01855420507490635, 0.02031092531979084, 0.021535029634833336, 0.008474609814584255, 0.03016694076359272, 0.04527287185192108, -0.03314138203859329, -0.009379974566400051, -0.029027074575424194, -0.05132220312952995, 0.010435352101922035, -0.006950687151402235, -0.030883273109793663, 0.013381351716816425, 0.01602809689939022, -0.015205398201942444, 0.0032203339505940676, -0.028456030413508415, 0.01179239060729742, 0.0676417201757431, 0.004183241631835699, 0.028749704360961914, 0.05139928311109543, 0.019616853445768356, 0.0022233868949115276, -0.026128338649868965, 0.0007630317704752088, 0.0202218946069479, 0.029352305456995964, 0.08892782777547836, -0.021778849884867668, -0.04169771075248718, 0.056256525218486786, 0.009600606746971607, 0.05772222578525543, 0.04382757097482681, -0.02897527627646923, 0.007261243183165789, -0.03803371638059616, -0.043019797652959824, -0.022578686475753784, -0.0003681679372675717, -0.00557414535433054, 0.004910844843834639, -0.05974794179201126, -0.03434305265545845, 0.04186566174030304, 0.06862964481115341, -0.010846301913261414, -0.020090382546186447, -0.017097897827625275, -0.031174520030617714, -0.016096096485853195, 0.030225005000829697, 0.005068782716989517, 0.032535452395677567, 0.0060009122826159, 0.06192265823483467, -0.023000719025731087, 0.0385676771402359, -0.05239192768931389, -0.054160479456186295, -0.009281396865844727, -0.020045945420861244, -0.024435559287667274, 0.04057900235056877, -0.026143310591578484, -0.0044418745674192905, 0.023854795843362808, -0.01947754994034767, 0.014100956730544567, 0.005363393574953079, 0.018998658284544945, -0.021887388080358505, 0.03678824380040169, 0.02969766966998577, 0.024475235491991043, -0.03768497705459595, -0.01946326717734337, 0.1509770303964615, 0.054682161659002304, 0.05928682163357735, -0.03356253355741501, 0.016773957759141922, 0.010062783025205135, -0.042909204959869385, -0.017089085653424263, -0.030448729172348976, 0.01918892003595829, 0.0029516443610191345, 0.03984535112977028, 0.035637691617012024, 0.03955789655447006, -0.0010000407928600907, 0.023549415171146393, -0.01363581046462059, -0.016709690913558006, 0.0031736232340335846, -0.010417938232421875, -0.00007671086495975032, -0.05292961746454239, -0.07313979417085648, -0.027305565774440765, 0.028452370315790176, -0.007744980044662952, -0.05187106877565384, 0.018034614622592926, -0.031931206583976746, 0.017108138650655746, -0.013566963374614716, 0.0028421867173165083, -0.026421036571264267, 0.010355858132243156, 0.006743945647031069, -0.009775822050869465, 0.041939813643693924, -0.04992271959781647, 0.023375006392598152, 0.03147560730576515, 0.0026636230759322643, 0.0598626434803009, -0.05316958948969841, 0.035120878368616104, -0.018739856779575348, -0.061718374490737915, -0.00579456752166152, 0.03413655608892441, -0.010187762789428234, -0.01489393599331379, 0.012129884213209152, 0.043957505375146866, 0.032525867223739624, -0.03636789321899414, 0.0023115866351872683, 0.03619066998362541, 0.00014444522093981504, 0.011226114816963673, 0.011929994449019432, 0.004466378130018711, 0.021205762401223183, -0.030957330018281937, 0.01620546169579029, 0.028069987893104553, 0.006256197113543749, -0.03405740112066269, -0.035275351256132126, 0.028099777176976204, 0.032898467034101486, 0.020456453785300255, -0.009392935782670975, -0.0245093684643507, -0.0008145830361172557, -0.022103214636445045, 0.024827567860484123, 0.023172469809651375, 0.022033805027604103, -0.018460363149642944, -0.01918133720755577, -0.0328957699239254, 0.009663037024438381, 0.02589401789009571, -0.009310641326010227, -0.038936369121074677, -0.04550940915942192, -0.00733165955170989, 0.00108650594484061, 0.03332054615020752, 0.025950977578759193, 0.011276550590991974, -0.025407658889889717, 0.06328965723514557, -0.009578975848853588, -0.03406137973070145, -0.052699629217386246, -0.0009093492990359664, -0.016957180574536324, -0.04298386350274086, 0.007307887077331543, 0.049196675419807434, 0.015725579112768173, 0.013207176700234413, 0.02022622339427471, 0.012027625925838947, 0.02147282101213932, 0.0024334746412932873, 0.031735777854919434, -0.014607305638492107, 0.04226357489824295, -0.023515012115240097, -0.00493054511025548, -0.046157270669937134, 0.0105929309502244, -0.02955184504389763, -0.05814163759350777, 0.000941684003919363, -0.02986854314804077, -0.0458746999502182, -0.02101922780275345, -0.04914087429642677, 0.001875474932603538, 0.022736022248864174, 0.014663507230579853, -0.038519237190485, -0.044346682727336884, -0.013877547346055508, -0.023112619295716286, -0.05962132290005684, 0.008150705136358738, -0.05053956061601639, 0.02266964130103588, 0.01910756714642048, 0.008311099372804165, 0.006692775059491396, -0.02214561030268669, 0.00985381007194519, 0.03538590669631958, 0.016987431794404984, 0.005130236502736807, -0.017889507114887238, 0.04490979388356209, -0.05036723613739014, 0.001085425727069378, -0.00880670826882124, -0.004636218771338463, 0.046527471393346786, -0.001150789437815547, 0.02400347590446472, -0.03677826002240181, 0.07244466990232468, -0.033610373735427856, 0.01176072284579277, -0.0350826270878315, -0.007622459903359413, 0.03837595507502556, -0.0013357626739889383, 0.007559602148830891, -0.005834855604916811, -0.020379498600959778, 0.036880359053611755, 0.03653514012694359, 0.011678819544613361, 0.014544050209224224, -0.010994885116815567, -0.021264297887682915, 0.013120066374540329, 0.008431731723248959, -0.012181569822132587, 0.01244368590414524, 0.07925660908222198, 0.015671027824282646, -0.004061618819832802, -0.006386693567037582, 0.0320926308631897, -0.08121801912784576, -0.027893824502825737, -0.017186351120471954, -0.007670459803193808, 0.03619711473584175, -0.02551347203552723, -0.006106842774897814, -0.015256654471158981, -0.01565629616379738, -0.006293211132287979, -0.024310603737831116, 0.01615922525525093, -0.023979924619197845, 0.055437952280044556, -0.030124852433800697, 0.009091729298233986, 0.05934658274054527, 0.0011330889537930489, 0.03305214270949364, 0.0033263631630688906, 0.013894661329686642, -0.03243107721209526, -0.012165096588432789, -0.008891521953046322, 0.011616339907050133, -0.0455050952732563, -0.004124227445572615, -0.03486200049519539, 0.007413380779325962, -0.0069319987669587135, -0.0160558819770813, 0.016322016716003418, 0.02683752030134201, 0.04931386560201645, 0.020339539274573326, 0.06091678887605667, 0.01296834647655487, 0.027033096179366112, -0.022398320958018303, 0.006287223659455776, -0.007533877622336149, -0.02289237268269062, -0.014479191973805428, 0.023887788876891136, 0.01845615915954113, 0.008067977614700794, 0.0028470144607126713, 0.026579715311527252, -0.02108559012413025, -0.02896648459136486, 0.01836019940674305, 0.021741129457950592, -0.01868998445570469, -0.0016438787570223212, -0.01835225522518158, -0.003871783846989274, 0.025588365271687508, 0.017346590757369995, 0.020587129518389702, -0.010615331120789051, 0.022809520363807678, -0.015814881771802902, -0.021194947883486748, -0.010432015173137188, 0.00996842235326767, -0.008912093006074429, -0.036812763661146164, -0.022693868726491928, -0.027106530964374542, 0.027152422815561295, -0.0012232557637616992, 0.03206118568778038, -0.03557441383600235, 0.059509407728910446, -0.019598057493567467, 0.0026901087258011103, 0.014205770567059517, 0.03365570679306984, 0.03479047492146492, -0.07584144175052643, 0.05338346213102341, -0.025348104536533356, -0.01781591773033142, -0.07242444157600403, -0.02924194000661373, -0.04417051374912262, 0.0750579833984375, 0.04723908752202988, 0.022518295794725418, 0.02935953065752983, -0.009252158924937248, 0.02026713266968727, 0.008671926334500313, -0.03756597265601158, 0.07875411212444305, -0.01677432656288147, -0.012973597273230553, 0.026423398405313492, 0.011013622395694256, 0.016785861924290657, 0.011445234529674053, -0.022424394264817238, -0.06328953057527542, 0.006158358417451382, 0.011647137813270092, -0.0006791002815589309, 0.02436128444969654, -0.027664905413985252, -0.011986731551587582, 0.041353534907102585, -0.0033620016183704138, 0.013588796369731426, 0.03164129704236984, -0.010424683801829815, -0.027547696605324745, 0.018325524404644966, -0.06174936890602112, -0.008406780660152435, 0.020915232598781586, -0.0026653180830180645, 0.016573889181017876, -0.0242156945168972, 0.04788793623447418, -0.0006869087228551507, -0.05136488005518913, -0.029292186722159386, 0.01882183738052845, 0.032726820558309555, 0.03353983536362648, -0.04748053103685379, -0.004776726942509413, -0.033535126596689224, -0.011376775801181793, 0.028029505163431168, -0.0009468384087085724, 0.00048466408043168485, -0.01848277449607849, -0.011909396387636662, 0.026523180305957794, -0.017015589401125908, 0.007253398187458515, -0.02333705686032772, 0.057698823511600494, -0.015554729849100113, 0.0003473243268672377, -0.0010769038926810026, -0.03707461431622505, 0.010416407138109207, 0.0033472536597400904, 0.008147405460476875, 0.011243929155170918, -0.0027834975626319647, 0.006121426820755005, -0.01131424680352211, -0.05998096987605095, -0.018262838944792747, 0.029280291870236397, 0.0047486573457717896, -0.01870599016547203, -0.017723388969898224, 0.017728805541992188, -0.015704093500971794, -0.02809741534292698, 0.007222975604236126, -0.017165007069706917, 0.005406790412962437, 0.00664291437715292, 0.01841823011636734, -0.013835340738296509, 0.020851612091064453, -0.008886469528079033, -0.018317582085728645, 0.009147966280579567, -0.010425853542983532, -0.005434626713395119, -0.08436261117458344, -0.014048225246369839, 0.021666118875145912, 0.007913260720670223, -0.059877824038267136, -0.058111950755119324, -0.034865234047174454, 0.027928492054343224, -0.010321645997464657, -0.037186454981565475 ]
<p>It seems the Bonferroni method (dividing experimentwise alpha by # of comparisons) for choosing the p level to fix the experimentwise alpha (when doing many pairwise comparisons) is more conservative than just solving $1 - (1 - p)^k = .05$ to get the alpha to use for each of the $k$ pairwise comparisons. Why not just solve the equation?</p>
44,480
[ -0.015786048024892807, -0.008367293514311314, -0.031642764806747437, -0.014798328280448914, -0.007744803559035063, 0.006979939062148333, -0.003268515458330512, 0.00592542951926589, -0.016833342611789703, -0.02582467719912529, 0.003029175102710724, 0.04364197701215744, 0.033826425671577454, 0.04042608290910721, -0.011392655782401562, -0.0037718794774264097, -0.0020827599801123142, 0.016811076551675797, -0.013463401235640049, -0.03458530083298683, -0.0004847253148909658, 0.037868283689022064, 0.0014286455698311329, -0.0336378738284111, -0.038404740393161774, 0.05588178336620331, 0.01777508482336998, -0.023236826062202454, 0.00868471059948206, 0.033871375024318695, -0.031050894409418106, -0.008486694656312466, 0.027761338278651237, 0.05131283402442932, 0.004215762484818697, 0.012585285119712353, 0.004557234235107899, -0.04397479072213173, -0.030397547408938408, 0.044525787234306335, -0.04213455691933632, -0.019621459767222404, 0.010616395622491837, -0.0026055139023810625, 0.016381390392780304, -0.0020347395911812782, -0.02109561301767826, -0.046920906752347946, 0.03846721723675728, -0.060909438878297806, 0.06350317597389221, 0.03652311488986015, 0.031809013336896896, 0.05098268762230873, -0.022097624838352203, -0.0618661493062973, 0.057738207280635834, 0.033533938229084015, 0.00401484128087759, -0.04185820370912552, -0.01112915389239788, -0.00876952987164259, -0.002950838068500161, 0.016084833070635796, -0.0014082983834668994, 0.026200344786047935, -0.0014848678838461637, 0.0087205208837986, 0.024236440658569336, -0.0078410180285573, -0.010221423581242561, 0.01894105039536953, 0.0314294770359993, -0.007273560855537653, 0.006910201162099838, -0.000997613649815321, 0.014763238839805126, 0.022551387548446655, 0.052146513015031815, 0.06468378007411957, -0.02687978371977806, -0.00596359558403492, 0.06745787709951401, 0.044049765914678574, -0.008156039752066135, -0.029392873868346214, 0.05072309076786041, -0.05603625997900963, -0.02718772366642952, 0.031122375279664993, -0.005504964385181665, 0.003914844244718552, 0.03337471932172775, -0.01727316901087761, -0.004318560939282179, 0.041944459080696106, -0.018395423889160156, 0.023706216365098953, -0.0032525407150387764, -0.0074826073832809925, 0.02693052403628826, -0.022220052778720856, 0.010217919014394283, 0.02380230464041233, -0.008484666235744953, 0.030615024268627167, -0.046629372984170914, 0.0069419159553945065, 0.008059492334723473, -0.01932605728507042, -0.03244367241859436, -0.004797115456312895, -0.02043437398970127, 0.006647476460784674, 0.0268184132874012, -0.04459118843078613, -0.006209204439073801, -0.027856161817908287, 0.08929716050624847, 0.045051608234643936, 0.013367774896323681, 0.010203581303358078, 0.02901839092373848, -0.006627179682254791, -0.08782950043678284, 0.03683474287390709, 0.008980982936918736, -0.031493786722421646, -0.01673133857548237, 0.056533291935920715, -0.009301227517426014, -0.016552280634641647, 0.03130636364221573, -0.022580476477742195, 0.01136691588908434, 0.04100065305829048, -0.07172529399394989, -0.07891874015331268, 0.03514689952135086, -0.020773230120539665, 0.013721347786486149, -0.09680591523647308, -0.020110538229346275, 0.03401319310069084, 0.04507356137037277, -0.024002710357308388, 0.025648562237620354, 0.03620219975709915, 0.03741786256432533, 0.01875697635114193, -0.010713131166994572, -0.03392442688345909, -0.006946029607206583, -0.011388489976525307, -0.03409440070390701, -0.0664542093873024, 0.05236442759633064, 0.00813008937984705, -0.01193450391292572, 0.05452142283320427, 0.03383876383304596, -0.006521641742438078, -0.035842590034008026, -0.032761964946985245, 0.042612165212631226, 0.002817654749378562, 0.04988603666424751, -0.0015132855623960495, 0.04645039886236191, -0.010816501453518867, -0.020288381725549698, -0.004606603179126978, -0.000146691789268516, 0.0023761545307934284, 0.03316078707575798, 0.006926803849637508, 0.003335502464324236, -0.047960229218006134, 0.025044241920113564, 0.026456786319613457, -0.02606011927127838, -0.007146354299038649, 0.0016302666626870632, 0.010824184864759445, 0.02054048888385296, 0.0428491048514843, -0.014666276052594185, -0.017731864005327225, 0.04739172384142876, -0.04742133617401123, -0.055018067359924316, -0.11886724084615707, -0.002318479586392641, 0.04842770844697952, -0.012776518240571022, 0.048224639147520065, 0.00025878738961182535, -0.017528556287288666, -0.011203731410205364, -0.009212191216647625, 0.01174495555460453, 0.009234580211341381, 0.04242149740457535, -0.050993289798498154, 0.019608011469244957, 0.051607463508844376, 0.032162148505449295, -0.03912477567791939, 0.0676959678530693, -0.05297745764255524, -0.048297904431819916, 0.014958761632442474, -0.03485046699643135, 0.019256774336099625, 0.005034604575484991, -0.027694443240761757, 0.03844459727406502, -0.0059417723678052425, -0.01484784297645092, 0.04028596729040146, -0.05880143493413925, 0.06344418972730637, 0.08380148559808731, 0.048386044800281525, 0.041413597762584686, 0.012472639791667461, -0.007607386447489262, 0.02392490766942501, -0.008116579614579678, -0.012801137752830982, -0.0020440341904759407, -0.019205963239073753, 0.0007044445374049246, 0.019882332533597946, -0.04858921840786934, 0.013651092536747456, 0.03489574044942856, 0.021273190155625343, 0.015615824609994888, 0.04755641147494316, -0.01413574069738388, -0.033624932169914246, 0.00848708488047123, 0.010421919636428356, 0.02990911714732647, 0.022092845290899277, 0.01781208999454975, -0.00405020359903574, 0.01109358947724104, 0.009329572319984436, 0.01444187480956316, 0.004175164271146059, 0.009937531314790249, -0.006316949147731066, -0.007548701949417591, -0.007231870200484991, 0.03023635968565941, -0.04538982734084129, 0.04140130430459976, 0.030201617628335953, 0.016313020139932632, 0.010825907811522484, 0.018301352858543396, -0.02512405626475811, 0.044091593474149704, 0.029710106551647186, -0.009842844679951668, -0.0038754944689571857, 0.03564855828881264, -0.051829442381858826, 0.016262240707874298, -0.06366652995347977, -0.029337260872125626, 0.01100100390613079, 0.00879061408340931, 0.028566967695951462, -0.01938006840646267, 0.012133993208408356, -0.04566418379545212, 0.027082981541752815, -0.0068305423483252525, 0.0025844709016382694, 0.019239529967308044, 0.003128725802525878, -0.04998689144849777, -0.007074414286762476, -0.021542634814977646, 0.011895540170371532, 0.02792789414525032, 0.013174855150282383, -0.0015445712488144636, 0.01741074211895466, 0.011765224859118462, -0.025228889659047127, -0.030669204890727997, -0.047389134764671326, -0.008552010171115398, -0.003622815478593111, -0.017158254981040955, 0.05751024931669235, 0.020082661882042885, -0.04774333909153938, 0.03862806409597397, -0.054656021296978, -0.024951400235295296, -0.014973803423345089, -0.0012487696949392557, -0.03111862577497959, -0.010066105984151363, -0.011365652084350586, 0.04408298805356026, -0.028095323592424393, -0.012815208174288273, -0.04077236354351044, -0.08456531912088394, 0.006286345422267914, -0.01574390009045601, 0.019874341785907745, -0.011640680953860283, -0.033193767070770264, 0.11054433882236481, 0.049269940704107285, -0.002898619743064046, -0.028314024209976196, 0.0361378937959671, -0.019548214972019196, 0.023784076794981956, -0.01963835209608078, 0.048890694975852966, -0.0035842875950038433, 0.03601155802607536, -0.04100988805294037, 0.040771663188934326, 0.07632218301296234, 0.01709795370697975, -0.037774257361888885, 0.03105793707072735, -0.010972612537443638, 0.010328836739063263, -0.0012016633991152048, -0.0005485836882144213, -0.018286559730768204, 0.0079110786318779, 0.03467787802219391, 0.0008368059061467648, 0.003396290820091963, -0.032848890870809555, 0.0300609041005373, -0.010855690576136112, -0.0064724283292889595, -0.03160493075847626, 0.003820969257503748, -0.007247351109981537, -0.017757678404450417, -0.015783920884132385, 0.01689731702208519, 0.03554603457450867, -0.057500265538692474, 0.008726409636437893, 0.047357648611068726, 0.029653413221240044, -0.03625120967626572, -0.02993486076593399, -0.0022175877820700407, -0.004018559120595455, 0.01904463768005371, -0.01956874690949917, -0.0016808334039524198, 0.039422910660505295, 0.0061427815817296505, 0.04917284473776817, -0.027305953204631805, -0.05616741254925728, -0.0038210339844226837, -0.06474373489618301, -0.0035994069185107946, -0.07929784059524536, 0.06327168643474579, -0.012179248034954071, 0.0827501192688942, -0.007217752281576395, -0.019915277138352394, -0.01726583205163479, 0.031654518097639084, -0.05616483464837074, 0.028474891558289528, -0.02176015079021454, -0.014238101430237293, 0.006413174327462912, -0.008453699760138988, 0.00701920734718442, 0.005955102387815714, 0.02117547206580639, -0.025191819295287132, 0.022077659144997597, -0.0025530303828418255, 0.004811636637896299, -0.0354926735162735, -0.02359980158507824, -0.009480563923716545, 0.024455856531858444, 0.03604216128587723, -0.052392929792404175, 0.029945287853479385, -0.02313571237027645, -0.01408257707953453, 0.02715155854821205, -0.018632160499691963, 0.038682371377944946, 0.021437760442495346, 0.02514944039285183, -0.0030321183148771524, 0.04083772376179695, -0.02524035982787609, -0.022564025595784187, -0.004378064069896936, 0.045971937477588654, 0.052302196621894836, -0.01598091796040535, -0.018514199182391167, -0.036926016211509705, -0.05209580808877945, -0.005207907874137163, 0.01886977069079876, -0.00760152330622077, 0.0062499199993908405, 0.01831710711121559, 0.028860054910182953, -0.051055144518613815, 0.037917133420705795, 0.05547671392560005, -0.019708961248397827, -0.027093980461359024, -0.0074377222917973995, -0.011241421103477478, -0.01328724529594183, -0.006022851914167404, 0.005244644358754158, 0.04469214379787445, -0.0037176748737692833, -0.04262818396091461, 0.03710336983203888, 0.008002853021025658, -0.030803395435214043, 0.010578677989542484, 0.029938161373138428, 0.015043950639665127, 0.005202544387429953, -0.017817536368966103, 0.025379611179232597, 0.02841680496931076, 0.022092945873737335, 0.020228734239935875, 0.040049005299806595, -0.03671654313802719, 0.01702994853258133, 0.009206007234752178, 0.05323420464992523, -0.06946111470460892, 0.02062135376036167, -0.06699109077453613, -0.03315325453877449, 0.06091910973191261, -0.039449095726013184, 0.04160259664058685, -0.003159963758662343, 0.03298792615532875, -0.05018795281648636, -0.011247720569372177, -0.06978898495435715, 0.014767945744097233, -0.00847052875906229, 0.01678706519305706, -0.02054978907108307, 0.033353690057992935, -0.03562790900468826, 0.027103008702397346, 0.018984593451023102, 0.07989437133073807, 0.0005076576489955187, -0.012585092335939407, 0.01840769313275814, -0.040594857186079025, -0.019767140969634056, -0.06554411351680756, -0.017077215015888214, -0.020523089915513992, 0.0056748222559690475, 0.04156225174665451, -0.02870551310479641, -0.05297543853521347, 0.01346746925264597, 0.009701068513095379, -0.031672459095716476, -0.004552643746137619, 0.0025571060832589865, 0.06887896358966827, 0.0667560026049614, -0.004233154933899641, 0.06423697620630264, 0.005940867587924004, -0.07334153354167938, -0.0017926280852407217, -0.02877146564424038, -0.007647055201232433, 0.0011592349037528038, 0.00790735799819231, -0.03119705244898796, -0.005363458301872015, -0.021062340587377548, 0.019253216683864594, 0.037328608334064484, 0.03168385848402977, 0.009596757590770721, -0.019155550748109818, 0.0011845678091049194, -0.010491588152945042, -0.0154321463778615, -0.0075440253131091595, 0.012159673497080803, 0.02178381383419037, 0.029946312308311462, -0.02603493444621563, 0.032559704035520554, -0.009653744287788868, 0.026142077520489693, 0.027599170804023743, -0.03993172198534012, 0.03664118051528931, -0.05644453316926956, -0.016185864806175232, -0.0159718357026577, -0.030039021745324135, 0.05451049655675888, -0.006550195626914501, 0.009762076660990715, -0.0021232475992292166, -0.053613122552633286, -0.008463054895401001, 0.0340670645236969, -0.005589216016232967, 0.04639187082648277, -0.01304489653557539, 0.003282108111307025, -0.015571661293506622, 0.0013889335095882416, -0.0861949771642685, 0.005856281612068415, 0.016433103010058403, -0.00019031476404052228, -0.00459379842504859, -0.020770713686943054, 0.01786523126065731, -0.0033773272298276424, -0.0070642950013279915, 0.00413921382278204, 0.061358969658613205, -0.022283479571342468, -0.04548792168498039, -0.04306768998503685, 0.024499157443642616, 0.042345598340034485, -0.0003552023263182491, -0.006181816104799509, 0.025376243516802788, -0.034261301159858704, 0.009980752132833004, -0.0030919399578124285, 0.03005564957857132, -0.046781133860349655, -0.002275259932503104, -0.007657493930310011, -0.01201003696769476, 0.005802974570542574, 0.018409034237265587, -0.015030207112431526, -0.008553200401365757, -0.041096288710832596, -0.019268732517957687, 0.010179937817156315, 0.046095456928014755, -0.011484852991998196, 0.01338055171072483, -0.016888810321688652, -0.007672655396163464, -0.017865201458334923, 0.010464065708220005, 0.020357199013233185, 0.003723918227478862, -0.04054122418165207, 0.015394691377878189, 0.06461761891841888, 0.008686155080795288, -0.016793519258499146, 0.009318471886217594, -0.04475724697113037, 0.018630780279636383, 0.029514480382204056, -0.019607525318861008, 0.001717404811643064, 0.0029746629297733307, 0.011621847748756409, -0.04824279248714447, -0.018691768869757652, 0.00690392917022109, 0.04411836713552475, -0.030746515840291977, 0.055913932621479034, 0.02744448371231556, 0.04136347025632858, -0.0006857639527879655, 0.00927115511149168, 0.018978256732225418, 0.00792018510401249, -0.004060840699821711, 0.03724958375096321, -0.0047783986665308475, 0.0008359383209608495, 0.043804608285427094, -0.008359192870557308, 0.010913591831922531, 0.008129907771945, 0.0107836052775383, 0.05522732436656952, 0.03781025856733322, -0.0540207102894783, -0.053751140832901, 0.06480203568935394, -0.04370798543095589, 0.011295811273157597, -0.015365151688456535, -0.0505785271525383, 0.05464765802025795, -0.010187648236751556, -0.019617432728409767, -0.03208397701382637, -0.036860641092061996, -0.011915236711502075, -0.0015734119806438684, -0.008542658761143684, -0.0002767556579783559, 0.0384850911796093, -0.019797613844275475, -0.012255547568202019, 0.014994039200246334, 0.016107860952615738, -0.010882101021707058, -0.03976725414395332, -0.017898181453347206, 0.011649219319224358, -0.05627864971756935, 0.012233241461217403, 0.004009632393717766, -0.04395353049039841, 0.01864548772573471, -0.0006669893627986312, 0.02074134163558483, -0.0056802500039339066, 0.001878508715890348, 0.012042674235999584, 0.05768546462059021, 0.013026975095272064, 0.0216467697173357, -0.014297669753432274, -0.010456962510943413, 0.12214456498622894, 0.09832612425088882, 0.062328267842531204, -0.07185197621583939, 0.042918991297483444, -0.04619134962558746, 0.004164753016084433, -0.030279826372861862, 0.04310128465294838, 0.0027690192218869925, -0.017183534801006317, 0.029194824397563934, 0.06546100229024887, 0.012117622420191765, -0.037133943289518356, 0.07096171379089355, -0.05477944761514664, -0.016816454008221626, 0.05211769416928291, 0.022128630429506302, -0.0016266371821984649, -0.049683716148138046, 0.02743084542453289, 0.012318174354732037, -0.02128436788916588, -0.0016845024656504393, -0.0019498750334605575, -0.04075804725289345, -0.013411021791398525, -0.004518954548984766, -0.005729921627789736, 0.032190702855587006, -0.0066954162903130054, 0.006011629011482, -0.012403448112308979, 0.033052053302526474, 0.009199903346598148, -0.03299913927912712, 0.006184090860188007, 0.04547800123691559, 0.0002978053817059845, 0.024207785725593567, 0.02276625484228134, 0.0038243564777076244, -0.03543934226036072, 0.010815596207976341, -0.006309607997536659, 0.06280682235956192, -0.018685869872570038, 0.005831231828778982, -0.03560143709182739, -0.03827574849128723, -0.028258977457880974, -0.02990623190999031, -0.031171446666121483, 0.054202500730752945, 0.018366670235991478, -0.010880782268941402, -0.006063221022486687, -0.029085420072078705, 0.019014514982700348, 0.003069277387112379, 0.03833238035440445, 0.01375428307801485, -0.055636901408433914, -0.0401025265455246, 0.0074731637723743916, 0.03538969159126282, 0.03400089219212532, -0.008782078512012959, -0.028348658233880997, 0.016999082639813423, -0.05732148885726929, -0.009283440187573433, -0.016705114394426346, 0.017639685422182083, 0.04116275534033775, -0.013929826207458973, -0.01048601046204567, -0.029124382883310318, -0.025129657238721848, 0.02719808928668499, -0.041119202971458435, 0.001172309392131865, -0.033490363508462906, -0.019223492592573166, -0.010305133648216724, 0.0315493643283844, -0.006383412051945925, 0.0180720966309309, -0.008568355813622475, 0.06600017100572586, 0.011700885370373726, -0.080660879611969, -0.028392842039465904, -0.04667907580733299, -0.05853262171149254, -0.01132526621222496, 0.0235142819583416, 0.056281380355358124, -0.011633031070232391, 0.017027880996465683, 0.025713663548231125, 0.032876577228307724, 0.010861560702323914, 0.011923322454094887, 0.016607049852609634, -0.019413817673921585, 0.026189373806118965, 0.024891745299100876, 0.01266428828239441, -0.032833121716976166, -0.003933506086468697, -0.038441505283117294, -0.004531871993094683, 0.015062268823385239, -0.01783236488699913, 0.004198710899800062, 0.0007808977970853448, -0.007606113329529762, -0.009734191931784153, -0.0031991200521588326, -0.020017672330141068, -0.023502839729189873, 0.01474726852029562, -0.01925610937178135, 0.008014394901692867, 0.0004369367961771786, 0.018428392708301544, -0.013399671763181686, 0.010847092606127262, 0.04699781537055969, 0.03237016126513481, 0.020915592089295387, -0.015473796054720879, 0.008109591901302338, 0.023720014840364456, 0.038728006184101105, -0.057520125061273575, -0.028564902022480965, 0.015175923705101013, -0.025273293256759644, -0.05333903431892395, 0.01190271507948637, 0.03443332388997078, 0.008669036440551281, -0.00008397678902838379, 0.005945907440036535, -0.046063799411058426, 0.025072265416383743, -0.04676885902881622, -0.05401647463440895, 0.03645249828696251, 0.01755942404270172, 0.017816878855228424, -0.01038309931755066, -0.03750072047114372, 0.0027948736678808928, 0.015071905218064785, 0.01348554715514183, 0.024262642487883568, -0.006926005706191063, 0.016578372567892075, -0.02076640911400318, -0.010976497083902359, 0.007862064987421036, 0.026232972741127014, 0.01480642706155777, 0.018743690103292465, 0.06624183058738708, -0.000987778534181416, 0.002848770935088396, 0.017408913001418114, 0.009154947474598885, -0.044419191777706146, -0.012078485451638699, 0.00350030604749918, 0.008747533895075321, 0.026101328432559967, -0.0513448491692543, 0.06075029447674751, 0.009712299332022667, -0.03652775660157204, 0.035088591277599335, -0.021245058625936508, -0.00383390043862164, -0.05317896604537964, -0.01971275918185711, -0.01166454702615738, 0.041540805250406265, 0.0065663885325193405, 0.01921931467950344, 0.013928037136793137, -0.013573981821537018, 0.022655554115772247, -0.0037543417420238256, -0.018169596791267395, 0.024040596559643745, -0.030957812443375587, -0.07447097450494766, 0.04380394518375397, -0.03772991523146629, -0.08377014845609665, 0.03711544722318649, -0.020447060465812683, -0.006507168058305979, 0.01439722254872322, 0.07145801186561584, 0.002110534580424428, 0.031108327209949493, 0.037371352314949036, -0.0021784305572509766, -0.003987348638474941, 0.011097797192633152, 0.003263926599174738, 0.010286935605108738, -0.00812466535717249, 0.012540816329419613, 0.008231613785028458, -0.011519459076225758, -0.049447327852249146, 0.008239267393946648, 0.011679771356284618, -0.02263939008116722, 0.00029046591953374445, -0.01764778234064579, -0.0009558483143337071, -0.051278743892908096, -0.02372605726122856, -0.06367117911577225, 0.007370715029537678, 0.0029080838430672884, 0.03802186995744705, -0.046453773975372314, -0.009275887161493301, -0.02152140624821186, -0.04766276478767395, -0.00241198786534369, 0.007740276865661144, 0.010238283313810825, -0.05378568917512894, -0.024763643741607666, -0.0016454017022624612, -0.022368185222148895, -0.0205700621008873, -0.03138110414147377, -0.019946200773119926, 0.0055310591123998165, -0.029383419081568718, 0.04351766034960747, -0.000995107227936387, -0.014362575486302376, 0.016688520088791847, -0.05614642798900604, 0.07996467500925064, -0.02406543307006359, -0.015347662381827831, 0.012813479639589787, -0.024511869996786118, -0.04500803351402283, 0.0002218826994067058, 0.026446042582392693, 0.007627121172845364, -0.03634609654545784, -0.01277489960193634, -0.007458359934389591, 0.006339680403470993, -0.044085413217544556, 0.04563109576702118, 0.0013474579900503159, 0.010149003937840462, -0.012379133142530918, -0.02005360648036003, -0.001818238408304751, 0.023106535896658897, -0.0017621982842683792, -0.006738066207617521, 0.0005042514530941844, -0.0008729933178983629, 0.009731443598866463, 0.04735211655497551, -0.019162872806191444, -0.019960548728704453, 0.044077932834625244, 0.026887372136116028, 0.020393338054418564, 0.03774766996502876, -0.004953902680426836, -0.07374679297208786, 0.03802911564707756, -0.019529225304722786, -0.013194821774959564, -0.019146468490362167, 0.01631065458059311, 0.012853706255555153, -0.0189476627856493, 0.011012527160346508, 0.018275093287229538, -0.03633994981646538, -0.01461615227162838, 0.02316344529390335, 0.022220777347683907, 0.016172848641872406, 0.007971747778356075, 0.021012160927057266, -0.0005750184063799679, 0.002814095001667738, -0.04078558087348938, 0.032553404569625854, 0.05044891685247421, 0.023352406919002533, 0.022416111081838608, -0.003985143732279539, -0.005039021372795105, 0.002954777330160141, 0.04053113982081413, 0.01595619134604931, 0.013308617286384106, -0.031108859926462173, 0.016716422513127327, 0.02031322382390499, 0.037149906158447266, -0.022270336747169495, 0.0033346880227327347, 0.06056578829884529, -0.03811774402856827, 0.027729913592338562, -0.02354441024363041, 0.010046175681054592, 0.006129757966846228, -0.044010985642671585, 0.01954927295446396, 0.04734032601118088, -0.04066942632198334, 0.01390318013727665, -0.016202034428715706, 0.018961481750011444, -0.02348969876766205, -0.05329905450344086, 0.0068098679184913635, -0.03503141552209854, 0.016272783279418945, 0.0015057744458317757, -0.020648734644055367, -0.026003587990999222, -0.030155353248119354, 0.055264268070459366, 0.030921868979930878, -0.0011251760879531503, -0.010580744594335556, -0.006410177331417799, -0.016980716958642006, 0.058054495602846146, -0.028963064774870872, -0.013332314789295197, -0.030168574303388596, -0.017236024141311646, 0.012555752880871296, -0.005299550946801901 ]
<p>Came across an interesting problem today. You are given a coin and x money, you double money if you get heads and lose half if tails on any toss.</p> <ol> <li>What is the expected value of your money in n tries</li> <li>What is the probability of getting more than expected value in (1)</li> </ol> <p>This is how I approached it. The probability of heads and tails is same (1/2). Expected value after first toss = $1/2(2*x) + 1/2(1/2*x) = 5x/4$ So expected value is $5x/4$ after first toss. Similarly repeating second toss expectation on 5x/4, Expected value after second toss = $1/2(2*5x/4) + 1/2(1/2*5x/4) = 25x/16$</p> <p>So you get a sequence of expected values: $5x/4$, $25x/16$, $125x/64$, ...</p> <p>After $n$ tries, your expected value should be $(5^n/4^n) * x$.</p> <p>If $n$ is large enough, your expected value should approach the mean of the distribution. So probability that value is greater than expected value should be $0.5$. I am not sure about this one.</p>
74,100
[ -0.023934287950396538, -0.042065173387527466, -0.0021199060138314962, -0.0069954656064510345, 0.043023787438869476, 0.0014003606047481298, -0.005306519567966461, -0.022785039618611336, 0.00793318822979927, -0.033108264207839966, 0.054928358644247055, 0.07381076365709305, 0.03244220092892647, 0.023941373452544212, 0.030859190970659256, 0.031153274700045586, -0.0197403896600008, -0.023478791117668152, 0.00684592267498374, -0.020659849047660828, 0.02788986638188362, 0.03826901689171791, 0.002747710095718503, -0.04045819491147995, -0.071625716984272, 0.00998559221625328, 0.062397927045822144, -0.010902942158281803, 0.0238642618060112, 0.06634411215782166, 0.005776500329375267, -0.0193047896027565, 0.03235090151429176, 0.02810606360435486, 0.03472191095352173, 0.018623488023877144, 0.011762977577745914, -0.016402434557676315, -0.007272138725966215, -0.004817761480808258, -0.030244050547480583, -0.01955850049853325, 0.014881434850394726, 0.0032180154230445623, 0.007065060548484325, 0.01964973658323288, -0.010860791429877281, -0.06177045404911041, 0.016546230763196945, -0.06078342720866203, 0.09153955429792404, -0.001341253169812262, 0.03233588859438896, -0.01406187191605568, 0.0058946735225617886, -0.014213981106877327, 0.04660649970173836, 0.0727512389421463, 0.016567129641771317, -0.0424199253320694, 0.006380856968462467, -0.020697275176644325, 0.014961730688810349, -0.016812549903988838, -0.03756776452064514, 0.012398510240018368, -0.006545104552060366, -0.00986212957650423, 0.010577220469713211, 0.007819749414920807, 0.003993129823356867, 0.05073744058609009, 0.05314655229449272, 0.002546730451285839, 0.010955900885164738, 0.009193768724799156, 0.024411216378211975, -0.021609250456094742, 0.04267795383930206, 0.025689933449029922, 0.03160226345062256, 0.031292982399463654, 0.008770706132054329, 0.042984962463378906, 0.018843844532966614, -0.03930310159921646, 0.08590757846832275, 0.0023958643432706594, 0.034475333988666534, 0.010547789745032787, 0.03129789978265762, 0.005225809756666422, 0.0801292136311531, -0.04327941685914993, -0.036665115505456924, 0.026827262714505196, -0.021666619926691055, 0.019548622891306877, 0.00003263039616285823, -0.018492188304662704, -0.005053546745330095, -0.04923972114920616, -0.0014364991802722216, 0.04292624071240425, 0.023886896669864655, -0.037248529493808746, -0.016082825139164925, -0.0020496558863669634, 0.02103634551167488, -0.02553335763514042, 0.0007316676201298833, 0.07917144894599915, 0.0182073675096035, 0.009405160322785378, 0.002660761121660471, -0.019967691972851753, -0.02125563472509384, -0.038681838661432266, 0.005496074911206961, 0.05377644672989845, 0.018060222268104553, -0.02853013016283512, 0.04394035041332245, -0.042737241834402084, -0.02295183390378952, -0.025558827444911003, 0.024414420127868652, -0.015416141599416733, -0.051866013556718826, 0.056799232959747314, -0.005386762786656618, -0.0019788576755672693, 0.0179967749863863, 0.035750024020671844, 0.012687955051660538, -0.001929361606016755, -0.08583889901638031, -0.04569375514984131, 0.059107791632413864, -0.008077997714281082, -0.023120654746890068, -0.07394759356975555, 0.027636470273137093, 0.0345614030957222, -0.008194904774427414, 0.009859859012067318, 0.038771383464336395, -0.02328990213572979, 0.007422351278364658, 0.04499930888414383, -0.03574361279606819, 0.024224748834967613, -0.02203437313437462, -0.004548228811472654, 0.0638781264424324, -0.05697906017303467, 0.02109387144446373, 0.007369238883256912, -0.019882818683981895, -0.04608958959579468, 0.018943872302770615, 0.017918430268764496, -0.04879015311598778, -0.0251893512904644, 0.018466569483280182, -0.028960218653082848, 0.09973851591348648, 0.01813424564898014, 0.03018079698085785, 0.019634893164038658, -0.013126160949468613, 0.027961840853095055, -0.006978850811719894, 0.015669571235775948, 0.0570061057806015, -0.06659675389528275, 0.01743539609014988, -0.0030240777414292097, 0.023564668372273445, 0.006338648963719606, -0.02773391082882881, 0.01759943552315235, 0.01502298004925251, 0.005992332007735968, 0.02241145819425583, -0.03016425482928753, 0.03185226023197174, -0.016439078375697136, -0.026093794032931328, -0.031267426908016205, -0.03686360642313957, -0.06980026513338089, -0.022555964067578316, 0.012964644469320774, -0.012728429399430752, -0.0064816963858902454, -0.01743798330426216, 0.05489843711256981, -0.0019615888595581055, 0.022694798186421394, -0.01699603907763958, 0.03023534081876278, 0.04399579018354416, -0.04764910787343979, -0.04216184467077255, 0.10081416368484497, 0.009973889216780663, -0.01971619576215744, 0.018400534987449646, -0.026653680950403214, -0.001685802941210568, -0.019079338759183884, -0.021105317398905754, 0.0044155544601380825, 0.014448411762714386, 0.001505908090621233, 0.02129853144288063, -0.03462930768728256, 0.037995558232069016, 0.03144531324505806, -0.03846943378448486, 0.05746570974588394, 0.05457454174757004, 0.014593764208257198, -0.007598178926855326, 0.0023244889453053474, 0.010049808770418167, 0.015990067273378372, -0.01116135623306036, -0.05021718889474869, -0.030006378889083862, 0.007648462895303965, -0.0010449816472828388, 0.03492719680070877, -0.023844445124268532, 0.050846751779317856, 0.06773634254932404, -0.008067614398896694, -0.0020333039574325085, 0.027976583689451218, 0.007047143764793873, 0.004052526783198118, -0.006336717400699854, 0.04521670937538147, 0.018739372491836548, 0.04204779118299484, -0.014496702700853348, 0.009378110989928246, -0.012693100608885288, 0.0010647278977558017, -0.0039471047930419445, 0.023446399718523026, 0.002646079519763589, 0.01347894873470068, -0.03441990166902542, -0.02319042570888996, 0.028814073652029037, 0.00022937878384254873, -0.03500376269221306, 0.04357723146677017, 0.006342308130115271, -0.004330736119300127, -0.042823608964681625, -0.04912872985005379, 0.010258861817419529, -0.0006491512176580727, -0.032093293964862823, -0.02010376937687397, 0.015699151903390884, -0.004449822474271059, -0.0027921078726649284, -0.005619653966277838, -0.0069809057749807835, -0.0064983610063791275, 0.02665174938738346, -0.0027494344394654036, -0.019332893192768097, -0.028554746881127357, -0.010208046063780785, -0.04272777959704399, -0.006746665108948946, 0.024699881672859192, -0.014580607414245605, -0.003102940274402499, -0.08212015777826309, 0.023107588291168213, -0.01951812021434307, -0.03687150776386261, 0.02906826138496399, -0.008958614431321621, 0.032786279916763306, 0.04634734243154526, 0.0012104844208806753, -0.04187392815947533, 0.0016915255691856146, 0.0070717912167310715, 0.0095977159217, -0.06813214719295502, -0.02589043602347374, 0.08646650612354279, -0.0040920451283454895, -0.0022326300386339426, 0.03202952444553375, -0.06275071948766708, -0.05736244469881058, -0.05137933790683746, 0.019720718264579773, -0.011887776665389538, 0.013822836801409721, 0.013561375439167023, 0.008417492732405663, -0.0027499168645590544, 0.006779656279832125, -0.09121084958314896, -0.05384897440671921, 0.006510419771075249, -0.018790867179632187, 0.019482366740703583, 0.0034419584553688765, -0.006932273041456938, 0.05436957627534866, 0.049134511500597, -0.0003062946198042482, -0.0291912741959095, 0.014627731405198574, 0.008807646110653877, -0.0005046430160291493, 0.013176925480365753, 0.04629582166671753, -0.03466643765568733, 0.02472548745572567, 0.03789808973670006, 0.011462385766208172, 0.044425126165151596, -0.04384467378258705, 0.005996668245643377, -0.0008020370732992887, 0.009632101282477379, -0.003957592416554689, 0.01834147982299328, 0.00306068011559546, -0.032536935061216354, -0.006268605124205351, 0.04136943072080612, 0.004437929019331932, -0.013551015406847, 0.004631894640624523, 0.026287898421287537, -0.012550469487905502, 0.0043498799204826355, -0.019929084926843643, 0.0567694790661335, 0.027362577617168427, -0.03178513050079346, 0.01017460785806179, -0.005964664276689291, 0.01802114211022854, -0.016118505969643593, 0.033303678035736084, 0.037692926824092865, 0.019037267193198204, -0.03739176690578461, -0.0330641008913517, -0.03896411880850792, 0.00652804272249341, 0.002515642438083887, -0.016070134937763214, 0.004032835364341736, -0.009295107796788216, 0.06029997393488884, 0.02080724947154522, -0.009483108296990395, -0.02210382930934429, 0.0008562442380934954, -0.07109201699495316, 0.018361695110797882, -0.0075693074613809586, 0.03607252612709999, 0.03408840671181679, 0.0268727894872427, -0.006076543591916561, -0.03816338628530502, 0.01800101064145565, 0.0020334392320364714, -0.0955122709274292, 0.008226694539189339, -0.017898866906762123, -0.003695474937558174, -0.03948326036334038, -0.012988962233066559, 0.034308936446905136, -0.007650622166693211, 0.02268308401107788, -0.004012581892311573, -0.013161499984562397, -0.008455410599708557, 0.0036618621088564396, -0.0003601689531933516, -0.02582635171711445, 0.012601866386830807, -0.006714917719364166, 0.012741649523377419, -0.005935744382441044, 0.06712399423122406, 0.034115567803382874, -0.011977925896644592, 0.002767466474324465, -0.00682604406028986, 0.014874477870762348, 0.005432712379842997, 0.016513515263795853, 0.025956934317946434, 0.016583507880568504, -0.023357057943940163, 0.023191187530755997, -0.014689434319734573, 0.06772856414318085, 0.040948256850242615, -0.007329914718866348, 0.006848291959613562, -0.04879732057452202, -0.016329308971762657, 0.000030142580726533197, -0.017730506137013435, 0.02889230288565159, 0.004178117029368877, 0.035729121416807175, 0.010051276534795761, -0.04277455434203148, 0.024997029453516006, 0.07482273876667023, -0.01792963035404682, 0.00010523159289732575, -0.017438221722841263, -0.023218898102641106, -0.056964900344610214, -0.021453315392136574, 0.011628076434135437, -0.03529549017548561, 0.00135225395206362, 0.01582147181034088, 0.06253506243228912, -0.02176203392446041, -0.0066471160389482975, -0.0043066018261015415, -0.006648518610745668, 0.03194500133395195, -0.002951205475255847, 0.0033047811593860388, 0.01129758358001709, 0.03457409515976906, -0.000742261006962508, -0.007267105858772993, -0.018727073445916176, -0.0255571398884058, -0.0022303201258182526, 0.038898490369319916, 0.10379932075738907, -0.04116079583764076, 0.026645075529813766, -0.033795714378356934, -0.00001807166336220689, 0.029016191139817238, -0.04242528975009918, 0.04494330286979675, -0.01770745776593685, 0.005234519485384226, -0.003163896966725588, -0.01485650148242712, -0.05296928808093071, 0.003969382029026747, -0.01212034560739994, 0.024041082710027695, -0.013703024946153164, -0.016750415787100792, -0.05355197191238403, -0.011046207509934902, 0.040877994149923325, 0.05695459619164467, -0.036122649908065796, -0.015172375366091728, -0.03292561694979668, 0.023911716416478157, -0.010545129887759686, -0.05580911785364151, 0.02016454003751278, -0.05373540148139, -0.04016479477286339, 0.028318533673882484, -0.01629764772951603, -0.05756053701043129, 0.02059878781437874, -0.0012747796718031168, -0.007722888141870499, 0.012297090142965317, -0.019144874066114426, 0.03594730421900749, 0.04027165099978447, 0.021331584081053734, 0.0382116436958313, 0.025373585522174835, 0.03608190640807152, 0.018994688987731934, -0.0024545544292777777, 0.029474517330527306, -0.025725966319441795, -0.014421499334275723, -0.027855271473526955, -0.010739687830209732, -0.03514537215232849, 0.046087540686130524, -0.01475548092275858, 0.03234301507472992, -0.011509949341416359, 0.0041303131729364395, -0.01867557317018509, 0.016192564740777016, 0.06033676117658615, 0.009456378407776356, -0.03459842875599861, 0.012914747931063175, 0.016344735398888588, -0.012323862873017788, 0.0028799043502658606, -0.012709779664874077, 0.015316911041736603, 0.035501305013895035, -0.00312606617808342, -0.0008407958084717393, -0.019122004508972168, -0.022245129570364952, 0.005401098169386387, -0.03085353970527649, 0.053342316299676895, -0.016870887950062752, 0.013127507641911507, 0.027144037187099457, -0.01359187439084053, -0.01622103340923786, 0.015118161216378212, -0.008803188800811768, -0.03084670752286911, -0.0635911226272583, 0.057973358780145645, 0.0013778783613815904, -0.007585084065794945, -0.0706552118062973, -0.04673592746257782, 0.03366337716579437, -0.012373044155538082, -0.014016366563737392, -0.0031035521533340216, -0.01567807048559189, -0.013405720703303814, -0.01911514438688755, -0.04532202333211899, 0.015712624415755272, -0.0015553736593574286, -0.01428306195884943, 0.020472077652812004, 0.028123069554567337, 0.08486659824848175, 0.024700354784727097, -0.029163841158151627, 0.02101125195622444, 0.0017551151104271412, -0.04876142367720604, 0.00048410671297460794, 0.025519652292132378, -0.03028300404548645, -0.012021486647427082, -0.0004378224548418075, 0.004164800979197025, 0.014200465753674507, -0.04882161691784859, -0.017108676955103874, 0.004182809963822365, 0.019062992185354233, -0.004849686753004789, -0.001601438969373703, -0.02899698168039322, 0.032062552869319916, 0.03233738988637924, 0.014608628116548061, -0.007112606894224882, 0.029898492619395256, -0.02716689184308052, 0.022985288873314857, 0.010772433131933212, 0.023873794823884964, 0.020687097683548927, 0.06925664842128754, -0.014734545722603798, -0.013501355424523354, 0.004187930375337601, -0.01853501982986927, 0.01615438237786293, -0.008469928987324238, -0.05966344103217125, 0.017765875905752182, 0.018187932670116425, -0.05552993714809418, -0.05919189378619194, -0.011193384416401386, -0.006949512753635645, 0.022650541737675667, -0.011511602438986301, 0.019407207146286964, -0.0038492504972964525, 0.005146196577697992, 0.011791819706559181, 0.0022640260867774487, -0.016982777044177055, -0.018402516841888428, -0.011351256631314754, 0.031438447535037994, -0.011844578199088573, 0.057309508323669434, 0.023172970861196518, 0.033675696700811386, 0.02500820904970169, 0.0378839373588562, 0.03429187089204788, -0.01986762508749962, 0.006546975579112768, -0.04489909112453461, -0.02230898104608059, -0.005541008431464434, -0.03516694903373718, 0.015431472100317478, -0.046692103147506714, -0.05873297527432442, 0.05355396866798401, 0.013488219119608402, -0.024591151624917984, -0.03388916328549385, -0.0007305587059818208, -0.05222732201218605, -0.04952138289809227, 0.00776621513068676, 0.01177951879799366, 0.0417187362909317, -0.004175395239144564, 0.02163596637547016, 0.026115678250789642, 0.03012651950120926, -0.014594187960028648, -0.0970165953040123, -0.02429795078933239, -0.008837802335619926, -0.04330151155591011, 0.018763354048132896, 0.027320459485054016, -0.004353630822151899, 0.020590025931596756, -0.05968977138400078, 0.015301447361707687, 0.009758071042597294, -0.015585320070385933, -0.0167431328445673, 0.08052200824022293, 0.03355623409152031, 0.017518486827611923, -0.021034741774201393, 0.004673331044614315, 0.11524684727191925, 0.06609717011451721, 0.020606234669685364, -0.024084318429231644, 0.02993721142411232, -0.04851989820599556, 0.028413651511073112, -0.014822251163423061, 0.0150853730738163, -0.02871926687657833, 0.015087374486029148, 0.02174198254942894, 0.05104418098926544, -0.006192294880747795, 0.009308035485446453, 0.02170052006840706, -0.04853574559092522, -0.038060449063777924, 0.007666236255317926, 0.00813769455999136, 0.003642802592366934, 0.013722090050578117, -0.06729673594236374, 0.024707913398742676, -0.017784111201763153, 0.015298268757760525, -0.03157452493906021, -0.032895755022764206, 0.005710842553526163, 0.009337825700640678, 0.007741355337202549, -0.015182966366410255, 0.03016401082277298, -0.03674980252981186, 0.010667510330677032, 0.03289368376135826, 0.03284855931997299, -0.01387810055166483, 0.021603763103485107, 0.026787331327795982, 0.00903331022709608, 0.026904085651040077, 0.05772456154227257, 0.04790475219488144, -0.05069658160209656, -0.03611886128783226, -0.029646551236510277, 0.03418552875518799, -0.021556830033659935, 0.0256427563726902, -0.004234888590872288, -0.005372792016714811, -0.011486210860311985, -0.050664253532886505, -0.01625109277665615, 0.019031433388590813, 0.026136621832847595, -0.026630641892552376, -0.04819680377840996, -0.012098772451281548, 0.01716851070523262, 0.033205851912498474, 0.037234075367450714, 0.016956090927124023, 0.003989003133028746, 0.002980112098157406, -0.035014234483242035, 0.026671484112739563, -0.010345729999244213, -0.022661181166768074, -0.02406335435807705, 0.01667333021759987, -0.029702382162213326, 0.02401117794215679, 0.008830364793539047, -0.037606433033943176, 0.018954413011670113, 0.0117826908826828, -0.02537677437067032, 0.0004792833642568439, -0.026170499622821808, 0.028095856308937073, -0.030922727659344673, -0.014265070669353008, -0.05555152893066406, -0.013763943687081337, -0.0034501319751143456, -0.0021319743245840073, 0.0006454256945289671, -0.008956065401434898, -0.0004633151402231306, 0.07679425179958344, 0.02286003716289997, -0.02751573920249939, 0.029642822220921516, -0.036358792334795, -0.03819587454199791, -0.005719178821891546, -0.020293930545449257, 0.08443918079137802, -0.0005831476883031428, 0.014544623903930187, 0.02676372230052948, 0.029519733041524887, -0.0015932037495076656, 0.020007865503430367, 0.0030639516189694405, -0.044849492609500885, 0.002022276632487774, 0.036564603447914124, 0.013503900729119778, -0.02689177729189396, -0.030006036162376404, -0.04993146285414696, -0.01699066162109375, 0.01722930744290352, 0.004017877858132124, -0.050031207501888275, 0.007106560282409191, -0.04066320136189461, 0.025748686864972115, -0.006325975526124239, -0.0040783691219985485, -0.005551438312977552, 0.028460264205932617, -0.021011723205447197, -0.020968735218048096, -0.031083809211850166, 0.042330022901296616, -0.008604498580098152, -0.015959538519382477, 0.03695213794708252, 0.03650657460093498, 0.004845292307436466, -0.018177028745412827, 0.008104687556624413, -0.015869472175836563, 0.03729971498250961, -0.04918518289923668, -0.011836256831884384, 0.04846370965242386, -0.05466232821345329, -0.000873866374604404, -0.007660489995032549, 0.023399116471409798, 0.046301160007715225, 0.03555385768413544, -0.016057051718235016, -0.03549250215291977, 0.0471302755177021, -0.0718773901462555, -0.010144279338419437, 0.002191225765272975, -0.005491848103702068, 0.035226888954639435, 0.0282395388931036, -0.0314626470208168, -0.004109642468392849, -0.014783134683966637, 0.006330417934805155, 0.048512764275074005, 0.012372436001896858, -0.0099392831325531, 0.03610621765255928, 0.029516523703932762, 0.005803661420941353, -0.01141901034861803, -0.015018561854958534, 0.006179121322929859, 0.04222327470779419, -0.0062713176012039185, 0.04624076932668686, -0.04275970533490181, -0.010278799571096897, -0.09327265620231628, -0.01279497891664505, 0.022921176627278328, -0.018503481522202492, 0.04883050173521042, -0.06075292080640793, -0.020619923248887062, -0.00874811876565218, -0.026788849383592606, 0.028842704370617867, -0.02601124905049801, -0.018125377595424652, -0.04561298340559006, 0.010249312035739422, -0.028779344633221626, -0.005368133075535297, 0.024852998554706573, 0.020539022982120514, 0.057187143713235855, -0.003398576285690069, -0.010883305221796036, -0.026863880455493927, 0.014703596010804176, 0.039807211607694626, 0.02039770968258381, -0.02737533114850521, 0.0449686236679554, -0.029797617346048355, -0.016074441373348236, 0.0471319779753685, 0.0021591437980532646, 0.007398867513984442, -0.012275610119104385, -0.00523871136829257, 0.0040841540321707726, 0.0692981630563736, 0.0117000387981534, -0.0037471952382475138, 0.012312056496739388, -0.002070488641038537, 0.028355229645967484, -0.018984030932188034, -0.016258571296930313, -0.009909667074680328, 0.04747089371085167, 0.012712128460407257, -0.032902199774980545, 0.0024452863726764917, 0.025052545592188835, -0.012262966483831406, -0.012342113070189953, 0.016313936561346054, 0.005179263185709715, -0.03039569780230522, 0.026761077344417572, 0.011889586225152016, -0.014145202934741974, 0.026891103014349937, -0.018921317532658577, -0.017814239487051964, 0.006250769831240177, 0.025820599868893623, -0.018288981169462204, -0.015500074252486229, -0.010221836157143116, -0.04426588490605354, -0.03674831613898277, -0.0035346541553735733, 0.0032328397501260042, 0.03833702206611633, 0.04994477331638336, -0.06610361486673355, -0.029251491650938988, 0.006696876138448715, -0.019352303817868233, 0.023542238399386406, 0.01951839216053486, -0.0020299882162362337, -0.02393154613673687, -0.08974108844995499, 0.06015691161155701, -0.030320724472403526, -0.012956125661730766, -0.05380605161190033, 0.007043976802378893, -0.0028101468924432993, -0.01805349625647068, 0.08319108188152313, 0.013810181058943272, -0.043388526886701584, 0.0012120024766772985, 0.05299367755651474, 0.04420483484864235, -0.058974072337150574, 0.013937702402472496, -0.028607113286852837, 0.007676651701331139, -0.04824642091989517, 0.0065098912455141544, 0.009271093644201756, 0.004602943081408739, -0.0014069825410842896, -0.019248267635703087, 0.026418738067150116, -0.027991240844130516, 0.013816225342452526, 0.01990203745663166, 0.021489765495061874, -0.0244901143014431, 0.04243036359548569, -0.01915968582034111, -0.005861188750714064, -0.015317332930862904, -0.00210494059138, -0.06351660192012787, 0.03866971284151077, -0.06575936079025269, -0.046969860792160034, -0.017944136634469032, 0.003787592751905322, -0.0021657224278897047, -0.06633082777261734, -0.027078133076429367, 0.04821101948618889, -0.045909006148576736, -0.0390072762966156, 0.04935884475708008, 0.015607989393174648, 0.0347030907869339, 0.0032463388051837683, 0.0182927455753088, -0.027492184191942215, -0.02485124208033085, -0.005163348279893398, -0.024892864748835564, 0.01789054647088051, -0.014047592878341675, 0.03388749808073044, 0.03711102902889252, 0.01343001052737236, 0.02588527835905552, 0.011486443690955639, 0.05432333052158356, -0.038091279566287994, -0.023271674290299416, 0.02340126968920231, -0.007748289965093136, -0.003348870435729623, -0.007932429201900959, -0.029014768078923225, 0.05838563293218613, 0.010979476384818554, 0.037442080676555634, -0.00937506090849638, -0.020365696400403976, -0.05063198506832123, -0.022841954603791237, -0.01853594370186329, -0.004939816426485777, -0.014439442194998264, 0.0044790515676140785, -0.015555936843156815, 0.043163008987903595, 0.04685845226049423, -0.007206331472843885, 0.0035259558353573084, -0.012917201966047287, -0.01719345897436142, -0.05998159945011139, -0.012948608957231045, -0.022455887869000435, -0.010065236128866673, 0.006109239999204874, 0.034991633147001266, 0.034509871155023575, 0.01872539333999157, -0.011492164805531502, 0.02654298022389412, 0.09319663792848587, -0.05255088582634926, -0.013768313452601433, -0.03677752986550331, -0.008507010526955128, 0.003998937085270882, -0.02338479645550251 ]
<p>I've performed a three-way repeated measures ANOVA; what post-hoc analyses are valid? </p> <p>This is a fully balanced design (2x2x2) with one of the factors having a within-subjects repeated measure. I'm aware of multivariate approaches to repeated measures ANOVA in R, but my first instinct is to proceed with a simple aov() style of ANOVA:</p> <pre><code>aov.repeated &lt;- aov(DV ~ IV1 * IV2 * Time + Error(Subject/Time), data=data) </code></pre> <p>DV = response variable</p> <p>IV1 = independent variable 1 (2 levels, A or B)</p> <p>IV2 = independent variable 2 (2 levels, Yes or No)</p> <p>IV3 = Time (2 levels, Before or After)</p> <p>Subject = Subject ID (40 total subjects, 20 for each level of IV1: nA = 20, nB = 20)</p> <pre><code>summary(aov.repeated) Error: Subject Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(&gt;F) IV1 1 5969 5968.5 4.1302 0.049553 * IV2 1 3445 3445.3 2.3842 0.131318 IV1:IV2 1 11400 11400.3 7.8890 0.007987 ** Residuals 36 52023 1445.1 --- Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 Error: Subject:Time Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(&gt;F) Time 1 149 148.5 0.1489 0.701906 IV1:Time 1 865 864.6 0.8666 0.358103 IV2:Time 1 10013 10012.8 10.0357 0.003125 ** IV1:IV2:Time 1 852 851.5 0.8535 0.361728 Residuals 36 35918 997.7 --- Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 </code></pre> <p>Alternatively, I was thinking about using the nlme package for a lme style ANOVA:</p> <pre><code>aov.repeated2 &lt;- lme(DV ~ IV1 * IV2 * Time, random = ~1|Subject/Time, data=data) summary(aov.repeated2) Fixed effects: DV ~ IV1 * IV2 * Time Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value (Intercept) 99.2 11.05173 36 8.975972 0.0000 IV1 19.7 15.62950 36 1.260437 0.2156 IV2 65.9 15.62950 36 4.216385 0.0002 *** Time 38.2 14.12603 36 2.704228 0.0104 * IV1:IV2 -60.8 22.10346 36 -2.750701 0.0092 ** IV1:Time -26.2 19.97722 36 -1.311494 0.1980 IV2:Time -57.8 19.97722 36 -2.893295 0.0064 ** IV1:IV2:Time 26.1 28.25206 36 0.923826 0.3617 </code></pre> <p>My first instinct post-hoc of significant 2-way interactions with Tukey contrasts using glht() from multcomp package:</p> <pre><code>data$IV1IV2int &lt;- interaction(data$IV1, data$IV2) data$IV2Timeint &lt;- interaction(data$IV2, data$Time) aov.IV1IV2int &lt;- lme(DV ~ IV1IV2int, random = ~1|Subject/Time, data=data) aov.IV2Timeint &lt;- lme(DV ~ IV2Timeint, random = ~1|Subject/Time, data=data) IV1IV2int.posthoc &lt;- summary(glht(aov.IV1IV2int, linfct = mcp(IV1IV2int = "Tukey"))) IV2Timeint.posthoc &lt;- summary(glht(aov.IV2Timeint, linfct = mcp(IV2Timeint = "Tukey"))) IV1IV2int.posthoc #A.Yes - B.Yes == 0 0.94684 #B.No - B.Yes == 0 0.01095 * #A.No - B.Yes == 0 0.98587 I don't care about this #B.No - A.Yes == 0 0.05574 . I don't care about this #A.No - A.Yes == 0 0.80785 #A.No - B.No == 0 0.00346 ** IV2Timeint.posthoc #No.After - Yes.After == 0 0.0142 * #Yes.Before - Yes.After == 0 0.0558 . #No.Before - Yes.After == 0 0.5358 I don't care about this #Yes.Before - No.After == 0 0.8144 I don't care about this #No.Before - No.After == 0 0.1941 #No.Before - Yes.Before == 0 0.8616 </code></pre> <p>The main problem I see with these post-hoc analyses are some comparisons that aren't useful for my hypotheses.</p> <p>Any suggestions for an appropriate post-hoc analysis are greatly appreciated, thanks.</p> <p><strong>Edit:</strong> <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/5250/multiple-comparisons-on-a-mixed-effects-model">Relevant question and answer that points toward testing manual contrast matrices</a></p>
36,759
[ -0.03428180515766144, 0.033231984823942184, -0.01582977920770645, -0.013807453215122223, 0.07264088839292526, -0.005877250339835882, 0.0014024184783920646, -0.035670291632413864, 0.030243197456002235, -0.010333526879549026, 0.01930544711649418, 0.025010762736201286, 0.04861855134367943, -0.006225142627954483, 0.05482921376824379, -0.0060694399289786816, 0.022082312032580376, 0.004509447608143091, 0.018117666244506836, -0.02735726535320282, -0.017334919422864914, -0.004493166692554951, 0.0015988859813660383, -0.0028244296554476023, -0.006396395619958639, 0.03777889162302017, 0.05841993913054466, -0.04659583419561386, 0.017804626375436783, 0.019832570105791092, -0.08964017778635025, -0.01880589686334133, -0.026780935004353523, -0.006505406927317381, -0.003597080474719405, 0.042031075805425644, 0.01667400635778904, 0.0040679024532437325, 0.0032365841325372458, 0.025862451642751694, -0.003357808105647564, 0.007222815416753292, -0.014096768572926521, 0.02296125702559948, 0.01670689508318901, 0.0061385962180793285, -0.03269631415605545, 0.010937193408608437, 0.027870235964655876, -0.03325542435050011, 0.07382421940565109, -0.023550255224108696, 0.043949492275714874, 0.04687066003680229, -0.03277936950325966, -0.007761351764202118, 0.07163526862859726, 0.015139300376176834, 0.009589276276528835, -0.05102233588695526, -0.03570917621254921, -0.024470314383506775, 0.012807044200599194, 0.022841671481728554, -0.054856833070516586, 0.0022383600007742643, -0.001611354062333703, -0.008066744543612003, 0.02873731404542923, -0.04377266392111778, 0.04547196999192238, 0.0006634487072005868, 0.024096710607409477, -0.02935359813272953, 0.007851232774555683, 0.0176374614238739, 0.02210613153874874, -0.027845492586493492, 0.025711795315146446, 0.03126233443617821, -0.012845820747315884, 0.012971272692084312, 0.00851503573358059, 0.04528007283806801, 0.007921127602458, 0.00223432551138103, 0.0434008464217186, -0.024517972022294998, -0.03106776997447014, -0.00023187865735962987, -0.00026677653659135103, 0.0273273978382349, 0.026160113513469696, 0.0425180047750473, -0.017487086355686188, 0.03468126803636551, -0.026664895936846733, 0.03194578364491463, -0.010467926040291786, -0.007802528794854879, -0.01911034993827343, -0.054789479821920395, -0.0016759143909439445, 0.015535322949290276, -0.012226078659296036, 0.011085795238614082, -0.02374264784157276, 0.0021891912911087275, 0.022991418838500977, -0.053392454981803894, -0.0006445625331252813, 0.03477662801742554, -0.03234501928091049, -0.01896071806550026, 0.01084193866699934, -0.028268156573176384, -0.006941532716155052, 0.037997059524059296, 0.06393416970968246, 0.032549869269132614, 0.03856859728693962, -0.023816602304577827, 0.0016268844483420253, -0.0432407408952713, -0.03384196013212204, -0.020143810659646988, 0.016095152124762535, -0.005021987948566675, -0.00999677274376154, 0.08010756969451904, 0.028843862935900688, -0.0282340869307518, 0.034145548939704895, -0.005870705470442772, 0.03306670859456062, 0.001860780525021255, -0.0944155678153038, -0.05274242162704468, 0.01602007821202278, -0.02297048829495907, -0.0074970354326069355, -0.055288348346948624, -0.01304060872644186, 0.0341331847012043, 0.03922330215573311, 0.035863324999809265, 0.01110429223626852, 0.029168330132961273, 0.029637323692440987, 0.036411434412002563, -0.02321072854101658, -0.0023381232749670744, -0.033734772354364395, 0.008010517805814743, -0.015739835798740387, -0.06904617697000504, 0.02898946776986122, -0.012474100105464458, 0.030161099508404732, 0.013662018813192844, 0.021011382341384888, 0.02202025055885315, 0.010223664343357086, 0.016730261966586113, -0.02881666086614132, 0.004762846045196056, 0.026812957599759102, -0.04457886889576912, 0.03889362886548042, 0.031130293384194374, -0.03866918757557869, 0.005750859621912241, -0.01595303788781166, 0.03124069795012474, 0.04222116619348526, -0.03212044760584831, 0.02535807155072689, -0.019058937206864357, 0.013715856708586216, 0.03819098323583603, -0.024829955771565437, -0.011765159666538239, -0.0449679009616375, -0.04979840666055679, 0.032269932329654694, 0.04687633365392685, -0.008968631736934185, 0.006777831818908453, 0.04765881225466728, -0.03072352334856987, -0.02776370942592621, -0.06404340267181396, 0.020085075870156288, 0.011854050680994987, -0.056558605283498764, 0.010207719169557095, -0.014403876848518848, 0.026786986738443375, 0.004634601064026356, -0.01365448534488678, -0.04646885395050049, 0.01834232173860073, 0.0749318078160286, -0.07341588288545609, 0.032182883471250534, 0.0015890576178207994, 0.0623817965388298, -0.019709207117557526, 0.05231720581650734, -0.017344428226351738, -0.00993655901402235, -0.017246553674340248, -0.04380044341087341, 0.00019436610455159098, -0.010736300610005856, -0.020357027649879456, 0.020378561690449715, 0.02316206693649292, -0.03766589239239693, 0.036379165947437286, -0.061813075095415115, 0.059663351625204086, 0.06944171339273453, -0.0012083632173016667, -0.009996452368795872, -0.010112518444657326, 0.02212471514940262, 0.026445074006915092, -0.0654556155204773, -0.011581744067370892, -0.03124564327299595, -0.03048575296998024, 0.04673576354980469, 0.00648834090679884, -0.009173944592475891, 0.00996819231659174, 0.022535210475325584, -0.0038223678711801767, 0.0023514707572758198, 0.06049186363816261, 0.006271572783589363, -0.04354448243975639, 0.017825277522206306, 0.04439845308661461, 0.045417796820402145, 0.02868964709341526, 0.05247436463832855, -0.005731668788939714, 0.03301413729786873, 0.02046639658510685, 0.03282555937767029, 0.020296651870012283, 0.012276221998035908, -0.011433339677751064, -0.026021191850304604, -0.018408292904496193, 0.03640463575720787, 0.006615466438233852, 0.026838799938559532, 0.040708690881729126, 0.006101280450820923, 0.006459933239966631, -0.006762139964848757, -0.034530069679021835, 0.007485495414584875, 0.04370414838194847, -0.01226110477000475, -0.013818657957017422, 0.00003680373993120156, 0.0012123732594773173, 0.02802702784538269, -0.08793281018733978, -0.0295749232172966, 0.004029542673379183, 0.019845405593514442, -0.011787831783294678, -0.004410712048411369, -0.023017369210720062, -0.019092172384262085, 0.03524206578731537, -0.002207202138379216, -0.016147203743457794, 0.02688271924853325, 0.017402607947587967, -0.05044999346137047, -0.00803395826369524, -0.043588824570178986, -0.013347846455872059, 0.02700069174170494, 0.0033923331648111343, -0.03359256312251091, 0.03926028683781624, 0.009920766577124596, -0.039839036762714386, -0.04191799834370613, -0.028958799317479134, -0.007887816056609154, -0.027004187926650047, -0.008800786919891834, 0.038001321256160736, 0.015524373389780521, -0.03977045789361, 0.005263185128569603, -0.0123145105317235, -0.002682184102013707, 0.013145821169018745, -0.003383349161595106, 0.04580577462911606, -0.007237768732011318, 0.019288616254925728, 0.024469569325447083, -0.03654118999838829, -0.05517067760229111, -0.05292270705103874, -0.048715148121118546, -0.023808414116501808, 0.014693132601678371, 0.0036087834741920233, 0.003953057806938887, -0.03499054163694382, 0.059739045798778534, 0.009814176708459854, -0.027778904885053635, -0.053829725831747055, -0.01903095282614231, -0.014803886413574219, -0.03350111097097397, 0.03359038010239601, 0.023572778329253197, 0.012550785206258297, 0.02595645934343338, -0.039696965366601944, 0.0152910016477108, 0.04439224675297737, 0.03181183710694313, 0.009670507162809372, 0.029493147507309914, 0.04447890818119049, -0.014844520017504692, -0.015154320746660233, 0.019457697868347168, -0.026270253583788872, -0.02203221432864666, 0.039585355669260025, 0.027646349743008614, -0.04538898915052414, -0.05211698263883591, 0.017549781128764153, -0.02929801121354103, 0.02115105837583542, -0.046299420297145844, 0.010399787686765194, 0.008628316223621368, -0.0242100078612566, -0.017196379601955414, 0.00747503899037838, 0.03692467883229256, -0.03478255495429039, 0.031491268426179886, 0.05042160674929619, 0.031970590353012085, -0.0049707298167049885, 0.0036456643138080835, -0.03360772132873535, 0.010802057571709156, 0.026335349306464195, -0.04243739694356918, 0.007481622975319624, 0.030708380043506622, 0.025248028337955475, 0.01153359655290842, -0.018385441973805428, -0.012565701268613338, 0.016718393191695213, -0.04033823311328888, 0.02762395702302456, -0.05524356663227081, 0.028248151764273643, -0.027616651728749275, 0.06465040147304535, 0.005244611296802759, -0.024085547775030136, -0.04174468293786049, -0.04798591509461403, -0.029652532190084457, 0.04813079908490181, 0.02588658034801483, -0.006823020521551371, 0.022669784724712372, -0.012562681920826435, 0.0016129506984725595, -0.041144080460071564, 0.0167684443295002, -0.011775506660342216, 0.018437551334500313, 0.018828237429261208, -0.004332570359110832, 0.019782036542892456, 0.03165886923670769, -0.03150346130132675, 0.03469347208738327, 0.0439925454556942, -0.014575283974409103, 0.028051702305674553, 0.017620841041207314, -0.04031458497047424, -0.007371820043772459, -0.04734788089990616, -0.016550922766327858, 0.01979289948940277, 0.04724948853254318, 0.046518027782440186, 0.02565396949648857, -0.03900015726685524, 0.027907071635127068, 0.009024190716445446, 0.00010617667430778965, 0.027870921418070793, 0.0045851473696529865, -0.03431038558483124, -0.004616698250174522, -0.014694612473249435, 0.023630354553461075, 0.017019622027873993, 0.007750484626740217, 0.0070017557591199875, 0.036325111985206604, 0.02772161178290844, -0.039794642478227615, 0.054736122488975525, 0.0669165849685669, -0.012747079133987427, 0.009263885207474232, -0.040194787085056305, -0.010976248420774937, -0.011927852407097816, 0.0017252590041607618, 0.0728626698255539, 0.006711633410304785, 0.013455556705594063, -0.012873491272330284, 0.039831455796957016, -0.031161924824118614, -0.03846653178334236, 0.030219445005059242, 0.023117778822779655, -0.0031350681092590094, 0.02692570723593235, -0.036071524024009705, -0.038539592176675797, 0.050948482006788254, 0.040564268827438354, 0.009442867711186409, 0.03143676742911339, -0.08947936445474625, -0.014252206310629845, 0.04442482814192772, 0.03603285923600197, -0.0246354378759861, 0.008974971249699593, -0.004807380959391594, -0.04126797989010811, 0.0070324549451470375, -0.037508923560380936, 0.03649524599313736, -0.021688193082809448, 0.018876994028687477, -0.03295668959617615, -0.05637358874082565, -0.04494010657072067, 0.04115926846861839, -0.017894472926855087, 0.008755205199122429, 0.00903356447815895, -0.017266808077692986, -0.05228973925113678, -0.021384770050644875, -0.005444560665637255, 0.010793281719088554, -0.03475744277238846, 0.0023000037763267756, 0.019011566415429115, 0.015993153676390648, -0.02140509895980358, -0.022280629724264145, 0.01383487693965435, -0.01628856733441353, -0.01935204491019249, 0.03485910966992378, 0.0021912127267569304, -0.040161874145269394, 0.02599182166159153, 0.003180423052981496, 0.028993843123316765, -0.01248351763933897, -0.018350370228290558, 0.04438422992825508, 0.014126677997410297, -0.026281112805008888, 0.07712525874376297, 0.020632784813642502, 0.001667300588451326, 0.011495420709252357, -0.06337398290634155, 0.0013064397498965263, -0.020063260570168495, -0.046318478882312775, -0.047362860292196274, -0.023680169135332108, 0.005123943090438843, 0.0566839873790741, -0.005393054336309433, 0.018699750304222107, -0.029971493408083916, -0.015065987594425678, 0.033022690564394, -0.01316540315747261, 0.015221036970615387, -0.004353791009634733, 0.02478235773742199, -0.03657376393675804, -0.015273322351276875, -0.02450985088944435, -0.005890435539186001, -0.02824470028281212, -0.019523710012435913, 0.019391003996133804, -0.05355064570903778, -0.026056308299303055, -0.0031819005962461233, -0.053957499563694, -0.005723658949136734, -0.019885992631316185, 0.008497416041791439, -0.009287589229643345, 0.030623681843280792, -0.024761982262134552, -0.055099062621593475, -0.021088477224111557, 0.059026505798101425, 0.0076669263653457165, -0.004605440888553858, -0.01183671597391367, 0.02170770801603794, -0.010253005661070347, -0.001567942090332508, -0.06199230998754501, 0.002089576330035925, 0.03894594684243202, 0.009534546174108982, -0.045704204589128494, 0.0014953459613025188, -0.021874329075217247, -0.026159819215536118, -0.004489630460739136, -0.040409620851278305, 0.07331015169620514, -0.035333625972270966, 0.004677535034716129, -0.016993077471852303, 0.032010484486818314, 0.042510949075222015, -0.04489009454846382, 0.005997421219944954, -0.005186267662793398, -0.05183003097772598, 0.0010350991506129503, 0.016160864382982254, -0.03331116586923599, -0.0380864255130291, -0.005060896277427673, -0.04212068021297455, 0.017057567834854126, 0.041038040071725845, -0.012660913169384003, -0.020498892292380333, -0.011327506974339485, -0.01665879599750042, 0.012976925820112228, -0.06299111247062683, 0.02207634411752224, 0.006249014288187027, 0.056307729333639145, 0.00938026886433363, 0.0056342799216508865, -0.035017263144254684, 0.04334351047873497, 0.0005122506408952177, -0.021174946799874306, -0.04292302578687668, 0.00262949476018548, 0.041736800223588943, -0.007110258564352989, 0.011142930947244167, -0.023049473762512207, -0.03216955065727234, 0.028721317648887634, -0.014575894922018051, -0.006975838448852301, 0.03157833591103554, 0.014376157894730568, -0.03707209974527359, -0.03524741902947426, -0.04221034422516823, 0.0056359898298978806, 0.06676016002893448, -0.005204224493354559, 0.026218846440315247, 0.06974102556705475, 0.009078983217477798, 0.0038084809202700853, -0.03424600139260292, -0.016452834010124207, -0.0066857417114079, 0.03930843621492386, 0.06657665967941284, -0.008948336355388165, -0.016677208244800568, 0.005945781245827675, -0.005047744605690241, 0.04008883610367775, 0.04166429862380028, 0.00966241117566824, 0.002844466594979167, -0.0018011959036812186, 0.017102234065532684, -0.015670308843255043, 0.006131500471383333, -0.04740867018699646, -0.018140411004424095, -0.048075899481773376, -0.030613059177994728, 0.031818754971027374, 0.05266887694597244, 0.018247710540890694, -0.046356067061424255, -0.024258803576231003, -0.0735543742775917, -0.014044278301298618, 0.03220721334218979, -0.019506826996803284, 0.01642768457531929, 0.010896610096096992, 0.04902930185198784, -0.005694293417036533, 0.01695982739329338, -0.03209729120135307, -0.0766647607088089, -0.016536153852939606, 0.03478538617491722, -0.0020243830513209105, 0.06919416785240173, -0.001022067735902965, -0.026452770456671715, 0.019199062138795853, -0.04993319511413574, 0.02263779006898403, 0.006728023756295443, 0.0439075231552124, -0.009064874611794949, 0.03671940416097641, -0.02975243702530861, 0.040640611201524734, 0.004892780911177397, 0.002931746654212475, 0.14201469719409943, 0.07230078428983688, 0.05376202240586281, -0.06373901665210724, 0.06311686336994171, 0.03301428630948067, 0.0223686583340168, -0.01912868209183216, -0.0050272755324840546, 0.01567607745528221, -0.029255704954266548, 0.052349913865327835, 0.07007851451635361, 0.013453871011734009, -0.01720772497355938, 0.04120979458093643, -0.006621754728257656, -0.027734024450182915, -0.025881877169013023, 0.026685422286391258, 0.002023350913077593, -0.03830118849873543, -0.023154614493250847, -0.004771986976265907, 0.012657832354307175, -0.016025986522436142, -0.009540450759232044, 0.017049727961421013, -0.0036484538577497005, -0.013578335754573345, 0.0034829997457563877, 0.029362089931964874, -0.00745960371568799, 0.010446484200656414, -0.033497199416160583, 0.0037128243129700422, 0.013595682568848133, -0.05225314944982529, 0.00973465759307146, 0.04603864625096321, 0.011223409324884415, -0.0009759420645423234, -0.011721975170075893, 0.018846137449145317, -0.03238978609442711, -0.05237864702939987, -0.019344529137015343, 0.050995834171772, -0.0040694186463952065, -0.012960098683834076, -0.014252015389502048, -0.01642495207488537, 0.014544487930834293, -0.027952948585152626, -0.0187589880079031, 0.005968902260065079, 0.029134588316082954, -0.03904373198747635, 0.010303007438778877, -0.013335464522242546, 0.008177652023732662, 0.010114255361258984, 0.042095065116882324, 0.032499101012945175, -0.05117039382457733, -0.02625451423227787, -0.037311945110559464, 0.04217122495174408, -0.00822506658732891, 0.037687137722969055, 0.019784977659583092, 0.03324863687157631, -0.010895698331296444, 0.016932934522628784, 0.010610041208565235, 0.017815865576267242, 0.017579125240445137, -0.006641070358455181, -0.0033945313189178705, -0.03473404049873352, -0.044603943824768066, 0.01720626838505268, -0.0187991913408041, -0.006095435470342636, -0.024591093882918358, -0.01100973691791296, 0.007813126780092716, 0.04832899942994118, 0.0015967866638675332, 0.005360560026019812, -0.02894650213420391, 0.05940188094973564, 0.009640118107199669, -0.05748674273490906, -0.014489887282252312, 0.009530089795589447, 0.0016756458207964897, -0.01945437118411064, -0.04141877219080925, 0.03923983499407768, 0.03852161392569542, 0.02771160751581192, -0.013638947159051895, 0.045268893241882324, -0.001138349180109799, -0.02096075564622879, 0.05400969088077545, -0.04545491933822632, 0.00869049970060587, -0.02129247784614563, 0.032352376729249954, -0.01133323460817337, -0.014786145649850368, -0.05466689541935921, -0.044554371386766434, -0.012131874449551105, -0.013439115136861801, -0.01604839786887169, 0.029166562482714653, -0.018907027319073677, -0.007912821136415005, -0.025898702442646027, 0.004965306259691715, -0.037476006895303726, -0.02617211826145649, -0.030150936916470528, -0.03013143688440323, -0.008544491603970528, 0.03318270668387413, -0.0038758907467126846, 0.012247317470610142, 0.03550087660551071, 0.0008848158759064972, 0.023224828764796257, -0.0030347942374646664, 0.009642872959375381, 0.025764159858226776, 0.03890596702694893, 0.03934935852885246, 0.004515267442911863, 0.012253597378730774, -0.03533842787146568, -0.04690941050648689, 0.0073257554322481155, -0.0025743653532117605, 0.02812214195728302, 0.006392366718500853, -0.001020418363623321, -0.007446969393640757, 0.042389191687107086, -0.020261216908693314, -0.0290943905711174, -0.00102049030829221, -0.012498361058533192, -0.006151357665657997, -0.015280780382454395, 0.03071613423526287, -0.004262190777808428, -0.01506889145821333, 0.02042418159544468, 0.05722213163971901, -0.005317085888236761, -0.027730269357562065, 0.023416651412844658, -0.031144987791776657, 0.013608760200440884, 0.014727258123457432, 0.005538630299270153, 0.0028359168209135532, 0.06878439337015152, -0.0213939156383276, 0.043152641505002975, -0.04117272049188614, 0.03056543879210949, -0.09729669243097305, 0.0033489109482616186, -0.027649926021695137, 0.06841500848531723, 0.011712095700204372, -0.029089057818055153, 0.0007139903609640896, 0.01655391976237297, -0.04171223193407059, 0.03023039922118187, 0.0023611036594957113, -0.01585123874247074, 0.01594286412000656, 0.027797376736998558, -0.049238257110118866, -0.00901343859732151, 0.020743437111377716, -0.0003747556474991143, 0.028005361557006836, 0.04066815972328186, 0.019568173214793205, -0.0463271290063858, -0.010608633048832417, 0.02414228394627571, 0.03241625055670738, -0.08503718674182892, 0.0152593357488513, -0.012334131635725498, -0.009592285379767418, -0.0054345764219760895, -0.02604418806731701, 0.027689708396792412, 0.02690417505800724, 0.03979792445898056, 0.015933433547616005, 0.062789686024189, -0.011783194728195667, 0.02985256165266037, -0.012345045804977417, -0.006656428799033165, 0.012751984409987926, -0.023630378767848015, -0.026893971487879753, 0.03672093152999878, 0.016234390437602997, 0.02152414061129093, -0.04576662555336952, 0.0213367510586977, -0.013779875822365284, -0.0344509556889534, -0.009539050981402397, -0.003599868854507804, 0.011969766579568386, -0.025863418355584145, -0.009380475617945194, -0.03621746599674225, 0.028376616537570953, 0.03035363368690014, 0.016334451735019684, -0.005895685870200396, 0.046573445200920105, -0.04308177903294563, -0.03149215877056122, 0.006924701854586601, -0.03364421799778938, -0.0005694545689038932, -0.07161065936088562, -0.02301822043955326, 0.019663672894239426, -0.010600671172142029, -0.01820104755461216, 0.040007781237363815, -0.018999725580215454, 0.011117353104054928, -0.031553711742162704, -0.002566936891525984, 0.006540544331073761, -0.017830291762948036, -0.0045287227258086205, -0.11862171441316605, 0.0512501485645771, 0.04120507836341858, -0.028173916041851044, -0.07611741870641708, -0.010160967707633972, -0.03936680778861046, 0.05594494566321373, 0.0622420534491539, 0.02454628050327301, 0.0011329150293022394, -0.012615617364645004, 0.04411271959543228, 0.007827024906873703, -0.052124328911304474, 0.04304157570004463, -0.001028883270919323, 0.011260776780545712, 0.007469539996236563, 0.014510143548250198, 0.017221545800566673, 0.014458228833973408, 0.022502247244119644, -0.020572269335389137, 0.0018953122198581696, -0.012725310400128365, 0.001789950067177415, 0.030996020883321762, 0.0009097243309952319, -0.04354490712285042, 0.022168520838022232, -0.028340905904769897, 0.003534018760547042, 0.07799532264471054, 0.018940337002277374, -0.03957889601588249, 0.0046149855479598045, -0.036588285118341446, 0.027328742668032646, -0.010641486383974552, -0.004877434112131596, 0.00391573878005147, -0.07543981075286865, 0.011426073499023914, -0.009027192369103432, -0.021231934428215027, -0.012566955760121346, 0.0392276868224144, 0.037634171545505524, -0.010270167142152786, 0.0074867866933345795, 0.024010013788938522, 0.011264909990131855, 0.002404978033155203, 0.00603298656642437, 0.01813700795173645, 0.05463236942887306, 0.01136486604809761, -0.02915448695421219, 0.029031453654170036, -0.026963340118527412, 0.03311577066779137, -0.0028143953531980515, 0.041378434747457504, 0.024599742144346237, 0.026323439553380013, 0.016345659270882607, -0.023285260424017906, 0.011759172193706036, -0.017987236380577087, 0.0064651332795619965, 0.052467044442892075, -0.05734612047672272, 0.017382144927978516, 0.012824997305870056, -0.012280162423849106, -0.03696355223655701, 0.0137781435623765, 0.03519488498568535, 0.038558077067136765, -0.029140345752239227, 0.011944746598601341, 0.0025183309335261583, -0.05060233920812607, -0.028621703386306763, -0.01114131323993206, 0.04461843520402908, 0.022553659975528717, -0.008175650611519814, -0.04038871452212334, -0.030820222571492195, -0.05840028449892998, -0.032939571887254715, 0.030845439061522484, 0.010635326616466045, 0.02260500378906727, -0.03721208870410919, -0.0214768685400486, 0.016694599762558937, 0.03495469689369202, -0.05619657784700394, 0.0014304645592346787, -0.026205940172076225, 0.037176042795181274, 0.03681580722332001, 0.0156572088599205 ]
<p>I am trying to use the dirmult package in R to find the parameters of the dirichlet multinomial distribution. However When I run the code, I see that it appears to be minimizing the Likelihood rather than maximizing. Here is a sample trace:</p> <pre><code>&gt; foo &lt;- dirmult(data) Iteration 1: Log-likelihood value: -108256.762432151 Iteration 2: Log-likelihood value: -112024.171181739 Iteration 3: Log-likelihood value: -114816.893733128 Iteration 4: Log-likelihood value: -117178.454519049 Iteration 5: Log-likelihood value: -119081.542746927 Iteration 6: Log-likelihood value: -120547.115475672 Iteration 7: Log-likelihood value: -121631.658731926 Iteration 8: Log-likelihood value: -122408.210532819 Iteration 9: Log-likelihood value: -122950.170423675 Iteration 10: Log-likelihood value: -123321.325905601 Iteration 11: Log-likelihood value: -123572.241418431 Iteration 12: Log-likelihood value: -123740.558811607 Iteration 13: Log-likelihood value: -123853.029548595 Iteration 14: Log-likelihood value: -123928.062303726 Iteration 15: Log-likelihood value: -123978.091582544 Iteration 16: Log-likelihood value: -124011.444469511 Iteration 17: Log-likelihood value: -124033.679213468 Iteration 18: Log-likelihood value: -124048.502105592 Iteration 19: Log-likelihood value: -124058.383928014 Iteration 20: Log-likelihood value: -124064.971772997 </code></pre> <p>Typically, this does not happen. On the dirmult example data set:</p> <pre><code>&gt; fit &lt;- dirmult(us[[1]],epsilon=10^(-12)) Iteration 1: Log-likelihood value: -3291.68283455695 Iteration 2: Log-likelihood value: -3282.90699227135 Iteration 3: Log-likelihood value: -3277.28960275919 Iteration 4: Log-likelihood value: -3274.32118891593 Iteration 5: Log-likelihood value: -3273.14865155825 Iteration 6: Log-likelihood value: -3272.87180418868 Iteration 7: Log-likelihood value: -3272.84788154144 Iteration 8: Log-likelihood value: -3272.84761179787 Iteration 9: Log-likelihood value: -3272.84761175372 Iteration 10: Log-likelihood value: -3272.84761175372 Iteration 11: Log-likelihood value: -3272.84761175372 </code></pre> <p>Why is this happening? Is there a way to fix it?</p>
74,101
[ -0.013683424331247807, -0.018402831628918648, 0.02116107940673828, -0.01715613342821598, -0.009980755858123302, -0.017550215125083923, 0.0029558048117905855, -0.04365433380007744, 0.002419417956843972, -0.02726968564093113, 0.02812342904508114, 0.03509218618273735, 0.02846919186413288, 0.017372798174619675, 0.03851315379142761, 0.027648933231830597, -0.016311144456267357, 0.04341728240251541, 0.026617679744958878, -0.0233908761292696, 0.008396860212087631, 0.025614289566874504, 0.01634081080555916, 0.002660587662830949, -0.010596356354653835, 0.037511181086301804, 0.021845383569598198, -0.0322553925216198, 0.0005372425075620413, 0.05907125025987625, -0.09565506875514984, -0.002312638098374009, -0.0025827568024396896, -0.015465033240616322, 0.004790632054209709, -0.001938190427608788, -0.02527439408004284, -0.011950152926146984, -0.04562825337052345, 0.036746274679899216, -0.001723386812955141, -0.0023950536269694567, -0.009001174941658974, 0.04637524113059044, 0.008725793100893497, 0.04903246462345123, 0.023693203926086426, -0.004442236851900816, 0.06485874205827713, -0.024183988571166992, 0.08181049674749374, 0.0024272974114865065, 0.01185651682317257, 0.0041447412222623825, -0.04265652224421501, -0.04274384304881096, 0.054832957684993744, 0.09739527106285095, 0.029362773522734642, -0.08226320892572403, -0.04910006374120712, -0.0497024729847908, 0.034526582807302475, -0.02094903588294983, -0.025623567402362823, 0.033461228013038635, 0.03118288144469261, 0.006994965020567179, 0.0360075905919075, -0.012495433911681175, 0.05040574446320534, 0.04071594774723053, 0.0424727238714695, -0.036945510655641556, 0.060696087777614594, 0.00608811667189002, -0.003945057280361652, 0.009613501839339733, 0.02308599464595318, 0.022316446527838707, 0.01459389179944992, 0.011299481615424156, -0.006012097001075745, 0.004492678679525852, -0.01383779663592577, -0.017594169825315475, 0.04430510103702545, -0.025296982377767563, 0.011407892219722271, -0.015389325097203255, -0.02719641476869583, 0.022246312350034714, 0.04293980449438095, 0.004529275931417942, -0.0038158271927386522, 0.07492134720087051, -0.04372863098978996, 0.03718581423163414, 0.013110877946019173, -0.03847266361117363, -0.019659215584397316, -0.060388799756765366, -0.016255533322691917, 0.04167652502655983, -0.03667612001299858, 0.02457439713180065, -0.04238905385136604, -0.012073519639670849, -0.018397744745016098, -0.03183090686798096, 0.007821512408554554, 0.03494241088628769, 0.001531558227725327, -0.02004372701048851, 0.007173038087785244, -0.03049386851489544, -0.03226875141263008, 0.0007369646336883307, 0.02438364364206791, 0.011369182728230953, 0.0020163513254374266, -0.020331906154751778, 0.0008279139874503016, -0.05544494837522507, -0.047320712357759476, -0.0019008794333785772, 0.011149969883263111, 0.0042781219817698, -0.026152586564421654, 0.016928547993302345, 0.021518880501389503, -0.03264028578996658, 0.057434991002082825, 0.030655115842819214, 0.03664163872599602, 0.001965248491615057, -0.08273319900035858, -0.061175912618637085, 0.043943893164396286, -0.018966536968946457, 0.03648940101265907, -0.0338471382856369, -0.03535137698054314, 0.04779052734375, 0.031428102403879166, 0.005910202860832214, 0.04426928982138634, 0.009138891473412514, 0.012602448463439941, 0.00903972890228033, -0.015625150874257088, 0.013165581971406937, -0.05337269976735115, 0.0330500565469265, -0.025796668604016304, -0.05293029546737671, 0.006431060843169689, -0.018627675250172615, -0.023912759497761726, 0.0017804992385208607, 0.01023196056485176, 0.006427917163819075, -0.011162775568664074, -0.03433241695165634, -0.014182496815919876, -0.023117441684007645, 0.05203245207667351, 0.04295021668076515, 0.014400703832507133, 0.009324023500084877, -0.01012548990547657, 0.00030529286595992744, -0.005531317554414272, 0.04698065668344498, 0.0367884561419487, -0.026948075741529465, -0.006411184091120958, -0.0469406433403492, 0.0669875517487526, 0.021221425384283066, -0.03625679761171341, -0.020035943016409874, 0.0094632338732481, -0.0031344923190772533, 0.03308970108628273, 0.027316123247146606, 0.010553971864283085, -0.029911518096923828, 0.05665137618780136, -0.06919391453266144, -0.0345088392496109, -0.03940941020846367, -0.02748963236808777, 0.0014851319137960672, -0.004839341621845961, 0.02200848050415516, 0.014189222827553749, 0.022287774831056595, -0.014029468409717083, -0.007525736931711435, -0.010337674990296364, -0.007695591542869806, 0.05189581215381622, 0.002502469113096595, -0.010378928855061531, 0.023311279714107513, 0.05662105977535248, -0.020317628979682922, 0.03366731107234955, 0.00034554675221443176, 0.010160627774894238, 0.03326297923922539, -0.05016694962978363, -0.008685469627380371, 0.008831024169921875, -0.019340941682457924, -0.0033125674817711115, -0.005904932506382465, -0.012973709963262081, -0.013846228830516338, -0.04664802551269531, 0.04499675706028938, 0.07311908900737762, 0.033573929220438004, -0.025957122445106506, 0.0013208652380853891, -0.04124859720468521, 0.04126771166920662, -0.014033480547368526, -0.024054383859038353, -0.07656154036521912, -0.04155709221959114, 0.04672664403915405, 0.03308757022023201, 0.005641389172524214, -0.016582459211349487, 0.017857825383543968, -0.028617965057492256, 0.02806336246430874, 0.06762830913066864, -0.012862036004662514, -0.013722875155508518, 0.04413432255387306, 0.013171275146305561, 0.012696878053247929, 0.011483049020171165, 0.0700974389910698, -0.014439297839999199, 0.05099787563085556, -0.041256293654441833, -0.018225645646452904, 0.02797604538500309, 0.002372001064941287, 0.0037313413340598345, -0.06628447026014328, 0.004229184705764055, 0.031786106526851654, -0.01294536329805851, -0.0069237928837537766, 0.0324697308242321, 0.008613230660557747, -0.004114356357604265, -0.027137618511915207, -0.02537877857685089, 0.006097161676734686, 0.04685424640774727, -0.024698998779058456, -0.041209038347005844, -0.006776074413210154, -0.04186679422855377, -0.014912082813680172, -0.0527086965739727, -0.04561399668455124, -0.0172890555113554, 0.011506790295243263, 0.0036282509099692106, -0.0156736820936203, -0.014913479797542095, -0.029419852420687675, -0.03113578073680401, -0.03824518248438835, -0.021191727370023727, 0.04294987767934799, 0.004859962500631809, -0.026044856756925583, -0.05889809504151344, 0.00516005652025342, -0.010391891933977604, -0.0005409193108789623, -0.003259979886934161, -0.01026432029902935, 0.019213009625673294, -0.011379408650100231, 0.001270606298930943, 0.004589789547026157, 0.011269748210906982, 0.03306133300065994, -0.0260853823274374, 0.05272039398550987, 0.06765816360712051, 0.016177253797650337, -0.023221958428621292, -0.0007594803464598954, -0.05219968035817146, -0.0237023513764143, -0.05189455300569534, -0.009509018622338772, 0.025726351886987686, 0.04427742213010788, 0.005531837232410908, 0.006119102705270052, -0.017194699496030807, 0.02262401394546032, -0.07856423407793045, -0.031169509515166283, -0.00006458917050622404, -0.014284564182162285, 0.007934416644275188, 0.00007498800550820306, -0.029084179550409317, 0.05682680010795593, 0.02138793095946312, -0.015293768607079983, -0.07166934758424759, -0.007127726450562477, -0.031125543639063835, 0.0025719725526869297, 0.023690495640039444, 0.008035331964492798, 0.04482078179717064, 0.04859081655740738, -0.018856534734368324, 0.055787526071071625, 0.023470694199204445, 0.011872174218297005, -0.015071094036102295, 0.044840652495622635, -0.00021390763868112117, -0.036190878599882126, 0.03595240041613579, 0.014045130461454391, 0.03894626349210739, 0.028147459030151367, 0.00041424285154789686, 0.012035999447107315, -0.03426814079284668, -0.0038498772773891687, 0.014419901184737682, 0.02788013406097889, 0.016095632687211037, -0.049318425357341766, 0.028597921133041382, 0.011634225025773048, -0.0713978260755539, 0.003778700949624181, 0.006954723037779331, 0.05254488065838814, -0.04236449673771858, 0.015009981580078602, 0.05811651423573494, 0.016730165109038353, -0.052935659885406494, 0.031213151291012764, -0.009709052741527557, -0.039028774946928024, 0.01225289236754179, -0.023933924734592438, -0.024181896820664406, 0.025858664885163307, 0.03953859955072403, 0.0006704868283122778, -0.008363266475498676, -0.03291855379939079, -0.0049719903618097305, -0.02887021191418171, 0.020615005865693092, -0.01849963329732418, 0.037781693041324615, 0.014038793742656708, 0.025069545954465866, 0.009538805112242699, 0.01095772348344326, 0.008345562033355236, -0.01773908920586109, -0.07168126106262207, 0.032710421830415726, -0.04072090983390808, 0.009719837456941605, -0.01159121934324503, -0.061275847256183624, 0.016498543322086334, -0.03431728109717369, 0.04183227941393852, 0.026324812322854996, 0.026186950504779816, -0.0025109387934207916, 0.03281624987721443, -0.010132578201591969, 0.0069952476769685745, -0.03126107156276703, -0.006477161776274443, 0.043126098811626434, 0.020123817026615143, 0.03104373812675476, -0.0024236191529780626, 0.022893555462360382, 0.004823262803256512, -0.043752964586019516, 0.006112529430538416, 0.019900938495993614, 0.04395950958132744, 0.004001758061349392, 0.0010410482063889503, -0.008239096030592918, 0.02913934923708439, -0.011514361016452312, 0.01742461882531643, 0.04289638251066208, -0.028644364327192307, -0.02261933498084545, -0.04123060777783394, 0.00967325922101736, -0.03298943117260933, 0.011129640974104404, 0.009880894795060158, 0.03340330347418785, 0.04841785132884979, 0.013666235841810703, -0.019164355471730232, 0.020095333456993103, 0.06704802066087723, -0.033205337822437286, -0.006176443304866552, -0.012972120195627213, -0.01629258692264557, -0.029679931700229645, 0.0191655233502388, 0.009752131998538971, 0.003298376454040408, -0.015653204172849655, -0.02180292084813118, 0.025825461372733116, -0.03219419717788696, -0.017523715272545815, 0.014183244667947292, 0.04764467105269432, 0.045272160321474075, -0.009070616215467453, -0.03145673871040344, 0.023060979321599007, 0.03602359816431999, 0.03033481165766716, -0.01151607558131218, 0.03267161175608635, -0.042514458298683167, 0.01058270875364542, 0.03397192060947418, 0.043713729828596115, -0.03398948535323143, 0.00543578015640378, -0.06219671294093132, -0.023346619680523872, 0.011292203329503536, -0.02889776974916458, -0.0019606484565883875, -0.03658420220017433, 0.028903944417834282, -0.015214166603982449, -0.03318221494555473, -0.05479143187403679, 0.01966012828052044, -0.021517962217330933, -0.005942580755800009, -0.0496487021446228, -0.02296185865998268, -0.05428238585591316, 0.02614426612854004, -0.0002573833044152707, 0.04138951003551483, -0.021626954898238182, -0.027325507253408432, 0.045892439782619476, -0.004505848046392202, -0.004213330335915089, -0.04169606417417526, 0.022813107818365097, -0.018514471128582954, 0.01757541485130787, 0.007674842607229948, 0.011663826182484627, -0.03928698971867561, 0.03918175399303436, 0.005366890225559473, -0.018062733113765717, 0.0010172027396038175, -0.024851907044649124, -0.006950201466679573, 0.05976703017950058, -0.00698543107137084, 0.033523280173540115, 0.04259229078888893, -0.04539692401885986, 0.0030892700888216496, -0.08075375854969025, 0.02510553039610386, -0.01325055118650198, -0.0102339843288064, -0.049725230783224106, -0.013284219428896904, 0.023245107382535934, 0.0038903297390788794, 0.012621087022125721, 0.019644128158688545, -0.02343509905040264, 0.023999623954296112, -0.005929804407060146, 0.03670145198702812, -0.0028669245075434446, 0.017773881554603577, 0.06077961251139641, 0.013110621832311153, 0.00846104510128498, 0.003847249085083604, -0.0025491814594715834, -0.015865623950958252, -0.022272784262895584, 0.053008072078228, -0.027879999950528145, 0.009255762211978436, -0.008570907637476921, -0.008619504049420357, 0.020032735541462898, 0.0041312831453979015, -0.024650078266859055, 0.040901605039834976, 0.007384892553091049, -0.022145923227071762, -0.01122691947966814, -0.01234371867030859, -0.001768719288520515, -0.02299589104950428, 0.013591914437711239, -0.05324888601899147, 0.037028104066848755, 0.012188245542347431, 0.005871532019227743, -0.05989084765315056, -0.013358430936932564, -0.0008400462684221566, -0.04432397708296776, -0.07505115121603012, -0.04884946718811989, -0.07471653819084167, 0.024637611582875252, -0.006193544715642929, 0.0029446168337017298, 0.03472582995891571, -0.01964184269309044, 0.009375541470944881, -0.02781510166823864, 0.018384134396910667, 0.07709688693284988, -0.0038194938097149134, 0.005007763393223286, 0.01869409903883934, 0.011352517642080784, -0.04358070716261864, 0.027949992567300797, 0.004984969738870859, -0.021986646577715874, -0.004054543562233448, 0.013253322802484035, 0.02213992550969124, 0.031143249943852425, -0.015128826722502708, -0.05007302016019821, -0.0014584246091544628, -0.006875688210129738, 0.04185306280851364, -0.01231052353978157, 0.010049363598227501, -0.01920628733932972, 0.005926580633968115, -0.00643251184374094, 0.002303096931427717, -0.026584504172205925, -0.02922365628182888, 0.03268033266067505, -0.03919307515025139, 0.02112099528312683, -0.01070717815309763, 0.06118312105536461, -0.014571997337043285, 0.005042556673288345, -0.024935847148299217, -0.028938790783286095, 0.04291302710771561, -0.02202947996556759, 0.018485262989997864, 0.029654664918780327, 0.028881249949336052, -0.031290389597415924, 0.014225313439965248, -0.01993671804666519, 0.013198839500546455, 0.041484467685222626, 0.03910128399729729, 0.054677195847034454, -0.0008756191818974912, -0.004332724958658218, 0.026358885690569878, -0.0604495108127594, -0.041041601449251175, -0.011767438612878323, 0.03758630529046059, 0.03386160358786583, -0.01581677421927452, -0.00029981951229274273, 0.03139287978410721, -0.026865625753998756, 0.0503389872610569, 0.01939784176647663, 0.001625770004466176, -0.005680907983332872, -0.004818025045096874, -0.02143936976790428, -0.0258508138358593, 0.03190115466713905, -0.03389938548207283, 0.023439893499016762, -0.011138520203530788, -0.012805087491869926, 0.05392850562930107, 0.030420297756791115, 0.030769821256399155, -0.02384309098124504, 0.0025978756602853537, -0.03810855746269226, -0.015305189415812492, 0.025538211688399315, -0.0034338594414293766, 0.04980726167559624, 0.013448820449411869, 0.01661999523639679, -0.004768754821270704, 0.01985190622508526, -0.027632053941488266, -0.045947711914777756, -0.03502489626407623, -0.012685873545706272, -0.011600793339312077, 0.05860374867916107, 0.002045480767264962, -0.03209954872727394, 0.02662949077785015, -0.01641474850475788, 0.020667806267738342, 0.013536016456782818, 0.026815082877874374, -0.007577378768473864, 0.06181242689490318, 0.014376478269696236, 0.008535236120223999, -0.010732896625995636, -0.023767651990056038, 0.15085695683956146, 0.07444095611572266, 0.025370674207806587, -0.06093907356262207, -0.021809441968798637, 0.006855528801679611, -0.013327622786164284, -0.011781608685851097, -0.01517416536808014, 0.03166710212826729, -0.02555563673377037, 0.06046777591109276, -0.013236910104751587, 0.003475910285487771, 0.01895037293434143, 0.020343288779258728, -0.02463143691420555, -0.027435921132564545, 0.01547982357442379, 0.013420588336884975, -0.03548327088356018, -0.011413137428462505, -0.016660012304782867, 0.029866395518183708, -0.019369006156921387, -0.0038074925541877747, -0.012357124127447605, -0.03518684580922127, -0.016392668709158897, 0.005825342610478401, -0.03744513913989067, -0.020662978291511536, 0.002622182248160243, 0.006343482993543148, -0.00873633287847042, 0.0003476770652923733, 0.015464973635971546, -0.012709375470876694, 0.000575690355617553, 0.03211945667862892, 0.0028946399688720703, 0.02249475009739399, -0.00725391274318099, 0.0465397909283638, -0.003791462630033493, -0.03552379459142685, -0.024002814665436745, 0.021162735298275948, 0.006446376908570528, -0.00047896121395751834, 0.0325874425470829, 0.012271237559616566, -0.03258567303419113, -0.04812627658247948, 0.0017750817351043224, -0.023684808984398842, 0.018210694193840027, -0.009483510628342628, -0.025676384568214417, 0.000126521525089629, 0.02135155349969864, 0.021381918340921402, 0.03851955384016037, 0.022924456745386124, -0.027427516877651215, -0.006177485454827547, -0.05368037149310112, 0.048258405178785324, 0.008883188478648663, 0.03652874752879143, 0.0016325046308338642, -0.045415304601192474, -0.010444486513733864, -0.000442651507910341, 0.03462394326925278, -0.008674995973706245, 0.04269810765981674, -0.030871590599417686, -0.0006418883567675948, -0.02179749682545662, -0.03750160336494446, 0.023952102288603783, -0.04645872116088867, -0.027390368282794952, -0.052566517144441605, -0.012251806445419788, 0.012663348577916622, 0.04528658837080002, 0.007762427441775799, 0.010216978378593922, -0.01925496943295002, 0.04594665765762329, -0.003351896069943905, -0.024557750672101974, -0.043779391795396805, 0.020566191524267197, -0.0032460312359035015, 0.0049989293329417706, -0.02129051834344864, 0.05870835483074188, 0.020177071914076805, 0.03639309108257294, -0.00831968430429697, 0.0551321804523468, -0.02814527414739132, 0.016297508031129837, 0.024958763271570206, 0.0100584477186203, 0.040857743471860886, 0.0006566852680407465, -0.039318472146987915, -0.023511793464422226, 0.004373010713607073, -0.07496058940887451, -0.018858566880226135, 0.052529141306877136, -0.02327822521328926, -0.06668231636285782, 0.01095112320035696, -0.0016683773137629032, -0.03546042740345001, 0.009757288731634617, -0.014508191496133804, -0.04027264565229416, 0.007707165088504553, -0.048235561698675156, -0.007394843269139528, -0.0025582232046872377, 0.000035237069823779166, -0.004616118036210537, -0.03289135545492172, 0.05420808121562004, 0.0016601326642557979, 0.012684900313615799, -0.02850562334060669, 0.054539941251277924, 0.029456865042448044, 0.05258875712752342, 0.010295666754245758, 0.003208997892215848, 0.029450982809066772, -0.012669684365391731, -0.0676625445485115, 0.0040323082357645035, 0.02501697838306427, -0.004281290806829929, -0.0008698068559169769, 0.011231819167733192, -0.012244032695889473, 0.0541372150182724, -0.015811115503311157, 0.027436232194304466, -0.025618575513362885, -0.02018415555357933, 0.035027291625738144, 0.003149517346173525, -0.03060813993215561, -0.015582644380629063, -0.022528044879436493, 0.028145361691713333, 0.04126010835170746, -0.017066841945052147, 0.02888105995953083, 0.017446674406528473, -0.04275623336434364, 0.03863045945763588, 0.009497256949543953, 0.008960568346083164, 0.03707388788461685, 0.02969280630350113, -0.0342298187315464, 0.05313646420836449, -0.012555752880871296, -0.0016506185056641698, -0.10720451176166534, -0.011475859209895134, -0.020939650014042854, 0.008302576839923859, 0.02491082437336445, -0.06823267042636871, -0.02811656892299652, 0.03984769061207771, 0.01561721321195364, 0.04844342917203903, -0.021075431257486343, -0.005263777915388346, -0.0446820892393589, -0.017904235050082207, -0.01987478695809841, 0.007145777810364962, 0.06277042627334595, 0.049441803246736526, 0.054809536784887314, -0.03562129661440849, -0.0021896176040172577, -0.0036619720049202442, -0.04679568484425545, 0.040472108870744705, 0.01799752190709114, -0.029742063954472542, 0.041598740965127945, -0.0325683057308197, -0.023022064939141273, 0.009613234549760818, 0.03361962363123894, -0.007718784734606743, 0.015229745768010616, 0.04116315394639969, 0.04128031060099602, 0.05256863310933113, 0.07113191485404968, -0.004866914823651314, -0.02868015691637993, 0.030725857242941856, 0.013102884404361248, 0.021918388083577156, -0.06391385197639465, 0.03278835117816925, -0.02394387498497963, 0.000652158516459167, -0.037146396934986115, 0.02574249729514122, 0.011192305013537407, 0.017820050939917564, -0.018511220812797546, -0.01222288142889738, -0.020199459046125412, -0.04291065037250519, -0.021898100152611732, -0.0103107625618577, 0.006276747211813927, 0.07938221842050552, 0.05918463319540024, -0.015288089402019978, 0.024941353127360344, -0.001096329535357654, -0.02273872122168541, 0.00899250153452158, 0.005194555968046188, -0.012558466754853725, -0.04261912778019905, 0.0030533515382558107, -0.005635655485093594, -0.009306099265813828, 0.017142755910754204, 0.00446002371609211, -0.0670776292681694, 0.04908372089266777, -0.023628463968634605, 0.044412411749362946, -0.012890725396573544, -0.001023696269840002, 0.015461347997188568, -0.11539796739816666, 0.07282543182373047, -0.05043031647801399, -0.005090573336929083, -0.03554443642497063, -0.0029317010194063187, -0.026165395975112915, 0.033647697418928146, 0.01716984622180462, 0.014743998646736145, 0.0006820237613283098, -0.014393744058907032, 0.03104804828763008, 0.02567080594599247, -0.015508240088820457, 0.05369299650192261, -0.013036001473665237, -0.032395679503679276, 0.0250475462526083, -0.005133314058184624, 0.024546358734369278, 0.03782206028699875, -0.012941978871822357, 0.007949767634272575, -0.02882172353565693, -0.011621459387242794, -0.02703610621392727, 0.031668007373809814, -0.02877521701157093, -0.031039489433169365, 0.03651571646332741, 0.0019561934750527143, -0.004602405708283186, 0.03653530403971672, 0.010911145247519016, -0.05199608579277992, 0.030154811218380928, -0.022418074309825897, -0.020755460485816002, 0.03370484709739685, -0.01473615225404501, 0.02136046066880226, -0.018036361783742905, 0.007871218025684357, 0.043178051710128784, -0.0495559424161911, 0.001468030852265656, 0.006644904613494873, 0.011549318209290504, 0.06969217956066132, -0.00023515438078902662, 0.01557734701782465, -0.006792075466364622, -0.02778831124305725, 0.028473064303398132, 0.022787289693951607, 0.0030340957455337048, -0.039249710738658905, 0.009217365644872189, 0.008123889565467834, -0.044489335268735886, 0.0083496468141675, -0.014462052844464779, 0.04312314838171005, -0.054144084453582764, -0.03840186819434166, 0.017993852496147156, -0.03476658836007118, 0.01420070044696331, -0.030593542382121086, -0.04622158780694008, 0.06158062070608139, -0.032981157302856445, 0.027259275317192078, -0.020968232303857803, -0.016147715970873833, -0.03542831912636757, 0.012221116572618484, -0.023907111957669258, 0.038645047694444656, 0.030497156083583832, 0.03595276549458504, 0.03368821367621422, -0.01680338755249977, 0.040689218789339066, -0.009162523783743382, 0.0034071693662554026, -0.025744207203388214, -0.0291152186691761, 0.01614134944975376, 0.00879617128521204, -0.009537754580378532, -0.03925933688879013, -0.007236171513795853, 0.033601414412260056, 0.0026023685932159424, -0.039588041603565216, -0.015188525430858135, 0.016363512724637985, 0.04762259125709534, -0.03832526504993439, -0.007942651398479939, -0.03028056211769581, -0.0028154088649898767, 0.0027828167658299208, -0.04038438946008682 ]
<p>From Cassela and Berger's Statistical Inference,</p> <blockquote> <p>Theorem 7.5.1 (Lehmann-Scheff) Unbiased estimators based on complete sufficient statistics are unique.</p> </blockquote> <p>I wonder if the condition is not necessarily strong? I.e. is it true that </p> <blockquote> <p>unbiased estimators based on complete statistics are unique.</p> </blockquote> <p>simply by the definition of complete statistics? (note: unique in the sense of a.s.)</p> <p>Thanks.</p>
74,102
[ -0.06276780366897583, -0.024334216490387917, 0.0037283829879015684, -0.01405110489577055, 0.03378500044345856, 0.035997845232486725, -0.003093079896643758, -0.0034689579624682665, 0.0014649416552856565, -0.060833439230918884, 0.05170184746384621, 0.0030961621087044477, 0.037036605179309845, 0.031037712469697, 0.02807323820888996, -0.017439626157283783, -0.021696805953979492, 0.027808431535959244, -0.0005096686072647572, -0.008732721209526062, -0.009721329435706139, 0.06418412923812866, -0.00483429990708828, -0.006264362949877977, -0.034512441605329514, 0.020534604787826538, -0.003146596485748887, 0.010301118716597557, 0.03732830286026001, 0.0772305279970169, -0.0446120910346508, -0.009062598459422588, 0.021966764703392982, 0.06370531022548676, 0.026389257982373238, -0.05156468227505684, -0.015093622729182243, -0.01934998109936714, 0.014287750236690044, 0.03449206426739693, -0.056864529848098755, -0.015679094940423965, -0.017587831243872643, 0.013768693432211876, -0.029018936678767204, 0.012851991690695286, -0.00178802409209311, -0.026522908359766006, 0.004608234390616417, -0.029357047751545906, 0.07688699662685394, -0.02769579365849495, 0.06633632630109787, 0.013048934750258923, -0.02438719943165779, 0.0068432847037911415, 0.05118541046977043, 0.033317454159259796, -0.02218732051551342, -0.011577058583498001, -0.01498260349035263, 0.026778096333146095, 0.06478529423475266, 0.007417857181280851, -0.04187358543276787, 0.022381946444511414, -0.01145805511623621, -0.03586985543370247, 0.02860848419368267, 0.005177052691578865, 0.0056430138647556305, 0.018208490684628487, 0.04493868350982666, -0.01830851472914219, -0.013253729790449142, -0.03498296067118645, 0.008196243084967136, 0.028612719848752022, 0.06100921332836151, 0.02813286893069744, 0.028619131073355675, 0.027537671849131584, 0.06561613827943802, 0.04014076665043831, 0.03836510330438614, 0.011250820010900497, 0.08904235810041428, 0.010724474675953388, 0.037811607122421265, 0.013701156713068485, -0.015099167823791504, -0.020661549642682076, 0.03051784262061119, -0.02541906014084816, -0.045899055898189545, 0.025108154863119125, -0.004538743291050196, 0.04598604887723923, -0.013675052672624588, -0.02229752019047737, 0.009467039257287979, -0.04375580698251724, 0.02019088715314865, 0.041465047746896744, -0.029846038669347763, 0.002850782359018922, -0.020820148289203644, 0.014641117304563522, 0.0032727434299886227, -0.0021522699389606714, -0.026006292551755905, 0.02716694213449955, -0.0035846985410898924, -0.018764691427350044, 0.012127404101192951, -0.0011483088601380587, 0.012155398726463318, 0.016739482060074806, 0.05701584368944168, 0.054119326174259186, 0.05217362195253372, -0.02272726036608219, -0.02781713753938675, -0.009721625596284866, -0.05524781718850136, 0.005437129642814398, 0.02127230353653431, -0.03470686823129654, -0.035356033593416214, 0.04640600085258484, 0.007691741921007633, 0.004508115351200104, 0.02723240852355957, 0.027819741517305374, 0.0612676776945591, -0.015615788288414478, -0.115948386490345, -0.05792530998587608, 0.034507110714912415, -0.019054142758250237, 0.01887495256960392, -0.04204105958342552, 0.005755649879574776, 0.02686661295592785, 0.05285477638244629, -0.034332044422626495, 0.06580566614866257, -0.00017790442507248372, 0.008483231998980045, 0.01895884796977043, -0.01679791696369648, -0.0077013480477035046, 0.009867776185274124, -0.019804764539003372, -0.03292283043265343, -0.10992546379566193, 0.0050620464608073235, 0.02020697109401226, -0.03631605580449104, -0.04549551010131836, 0.04390129819512367, 0.013997661881148815, 0.01776641048491001, -0.011788374744355679, 0.014055417850613594, -0.004012831021100283, 0.028161587193608284, 0.00788221787661314, 0.029167108237743378, 0.040665168315172195, -0.003129825461655855, 0.031143177300691605, 0.018999828025698662, 0.020743858069181442, 0.021032139658927917, -0.046225789934396744, 0.01257281843572855, -0.008763967081904411, 0.0317472442984581, 0.020271167159080505, -0.032207995653152466, 0.009096024557948112, -0.007031953893601894, 0.0029411769937723875, 0.04301704466342926, 0.06698749214410782, 0.021488837897777557, 0.005933388601988554, 0.016510197892785072, -0.037494465708732605, 0.0100226029753685, -0.038984622806310654, 0.009128892794251442, -0.018728911876678467, -0.03605697304010391, 0.041045717895030975, 0.01667897030711174, -0.00035595608642324805, -0.02314634434878826, -0.022818278521299362, -0.003718840889632702, -0.013117091730237007, 0.02879638969898224, -0.05093027278780937, 0.046778302639722824, 0.05204302445054054, 0.07270674407482147, 0.013733354397118092, 0.06990881264209747, 0.015099582262337208, -0.05796307697892189, 0.039966657757759094, -0.014425165019929409, 0.02956547774374485, 0.012363282032310963, 0.025386298075318336, 0.00653701601549983, -0.007738297805190086, -0.02949853241443634, 0.04808492586016655, -0.051239416003227234, 0.02338837832212448, 0.028064150363206863, -0.013884047046303749, 0.009462287649512291, 0.010437463410198689, 0.061413682997226715, 0.00166153977625072, -0.031037354841828346, -0.007563148159533739, -0.045761413872241974, 0.0036507700569927692, 0.02930302731692791, 0.03671858832240105, -0.06937500089406967, 0.028138738125562668, 0.05436438322067261, 0.011919062584638596, 0.005995896644890308, 0.003487797686830163, -0.024022314697504044, -0.025029491633176804, 0.001199593534693122, -0.012810738757252693, 0.0032594192307442427, 0.003563063917681575, 0.005226200446486473, 0.004957573488354683, 0.04620872437953949, -0.003295973176136613, 0.015245354734361172, 0.08043025434017181, 0.004794811364263296, -0.0003071997780352831, 0.007344105746597052, -0.029538461938500404, 0.01742098294198513, -0.0237070731818676, 0.02257491648197174, 0.023103652521967888, 0.019888659939169884, -0.016591664403676987, 0.007534976117312908, -0.022733785212039948, 0.039902038872241974, 0.013938738964498043, -0.009355893358588219, 0.009261387400329113, 0.012757604010403156, -0.0246307160705328, -0.03677499666810036, -0.05031687766313553, -0.013363937847316265, 0.01591094583272934, 0.007668345235288143, 0.034531865268945694, -0.012505905702710152, -0.006531012710183859, -0.031676147133111954, -0.005678216461092234, -0.033238496631383896, -0.022859618067741394, 0.028743954375386238, -0.023392939940094948, -0.05746455490589142, 0.0039238096214830875, -0.01146329753100872, -0.013767093420028687, 0.028050310909748077, -0.017341947183012962, -0.021588027477264404, 0.016535146161913872, -0.017284156754612923, -0.033910829573869705, -0.017000464722514153, -0.0512746125459671, 0.015966424718499184, -0.04668505862355232, -0.01751893013715744, 0.04745345935225487, -0.009054279886186123, -0.06522058695554733, -0.000866228190716356, -0.047303132712841034, -0.02636304311454296, -0.03325038030743599, -0.025440096855163574, 0.03709421679377556, -0.026973338797688484, 0.01852037012577057, 0.04098808020353317, -0.029736962169408798, 0.0025147146079689264, -0.040969010442495346, -0.06692862510681152, 0.043352097272872925, 0.027400735765695572, 0.02174096554517746, 0.016161464154720306, -0.00943603366613388, 0.09465423226356506, 0.03245597705245018, -0.046249255537986755, -0.037964917719364166, -0.002131254877895117, -0.020511403679847717, -0.004921215120702982, -0.02288803458213806, -0.0290533360093832, 0.015887118875980377, 0.025910889729857445, 0.009223383851349354, 0.0023734085261821747, 0.014081222005188465, 0.02022491954267025, -0.014774913899600506, 0.0063785370439291, 0.015201558358967304, 0.0041086734272539616, 0.013277155347168446, 0.046119146049022675, -0.0032128794118762016, -0.008793623186647892, 0.004558033775538206, 0.03415054827928543, -0.008390028961002827, -0.04977172240614891, 0.025048580020666122, -0.02489260584115982, 0.011351041495800018, -0.05936608090996742, 0.04282240569591522, 0.003552122972905636, -0.007801866624504328, -0.030890127643942833, -0.019536346197128296, 0.011534917168319225, -0.01064541656523943, -0.010656618513166904, 0.053264424204826355, 0.00296220276504755, -0.016028141602873802, -0.004588417708873749, -0.009648939594626427, -0.030365249142050743, 0.03497249260544777, -0.008443421684205532, -0.01038462296128273, 0.02708001807332039, 0.03289457783102989, 0.018818233162164688, 0.034017592668533325, -0.034888945519924164, -0.0031135673634707928, -0.060435738414525986, 0.03414023667573929, 0.011715549975633621, 0.04118964448571205, 0.0015931263333186507, 0.027276594191789627, 0.047029461711645126, -0.009236417710781097, -0.008340192958712578, 0.020614489912986755, -0.062112968415021896, 0.02694527804851532, 0.002587659051641822, -0.010262932628393173, 0.03292643278837204, -0.013795620761811733, 0.003020417643710971, -0.0487159825861454, 0.02722436748445034, -0.019483491778373718, 0.015745457261800766, -0.06403563916683197, -0.028131967410445213, -0.01900193654000759, -0.020291971042752266, 0.00011946600716328248, 0.0278390534222126, 0.01972338557243347, -0.01808318682014942, 0.03087793104350567, 0.03775813430547714, -0.020774081349372864, -0.00920246634632349, -0.015764476731419563, 0.027974193915724754, 0.02147080935537815, 0.04355171322822571, 0.029129041358828545, 0.033884406089782715, -0.031805120408535004, 0.012532914988696575, 0.012282582931220531, 0.03687866032123566, 0.019442293792963028, -0.004690804053097963, -0.009120257571339607, -0.03277209401130676, -0.02909950539469719, 0.030514458194375038, -0.007863486185669899, 0.016614513471722603, -0.028135990723967552, 0.08392425626516342, 0.021380778402090073, -0.03631383180618286, 0.02232361026108265, 0.056724321097135544, 0.011453868821263313, 0.033272452652454376, -0.026849089190363884, 0.008884082548320293, -0.015131320804357529, 0.0014136587269604206, 0.0037521368358284235, 0.033381182700395584, -0.011396067216992378, 0.0287435632199049, 0.020577849820256233, 0.028176898136734962, -0.022645102813839912, -0.012564415112137794, 0.029507003724575043, 0.05620156601071358, -0.005769370589405298, -0.02672429010272026, 0.021806498989462852, 0.008785411715507507, 0.022239264100790024, 0.053418055176734924, -0.045498110353946686, -0.04029356315732002, 0.01208297535777092, 0.027052411809563637, 0.02216538041830063, -0.017209775745868683, 0.0034533110447227955, -0.020411258563399315, -0.017193956300616264, -0.008081228472292423, -0.03277752175927162, 0.05396653339266777, -0.025657925754785538, 0.00972642283886671, -0.006200579460710287, -0.055948756635189056, -0.018953051418066025, -0.0006917185964994133, -0.01756870001554489, 0.012680627405643463, -0.022785667330026627, 0.0035887209232896566, -0.03452932462096214, -0.026738345623016357, 0.045902106910943985, 0.05749829486012459, 0.01470105815678835, -0.012988943606615067, -0.00018464570166543126, 0.02824554406106472, -0.019255850464105606, -0.08625057339668274, 0.017340585589408875, -0.0014896250795572996, -0.008951314724981785, 0.021112041547894478, -0.03217550739645958, -0.028630174696445465, 0.04782683029770851, -0.017128828912973404, -0.02726147696375847, -0.017610011622309685, -0.022848311811685562, 0.022352660074830055, 0.01350022666156292, 0.031440090388059616, 0.05326923727989197, 0.023596137762069702, 0.022945253178477287, 0.010233494453132153, -0.02480109967291355, -0.010687099769711494, -0.034916944801807404, -0.03030591830611229, -0.05883333086967468, 0.01151277031749487, -0.02907773293554783, 0.02169255167245865, 0.0033110249787569046, -0.001612163963727653, 0.02797078527510166, -0.006833886262029409, 0.01564083620905876, 0.03263512998819351, 0.04549242928624153, 0.028077667579054832, -0.039062682539224625, 0.03923611715435982, -0.023193584755063057, -0.028287412598729134, -0.010140822269022465, -0.026921048760414124, 0.0018107970245182514, 0.02398008108139038, -0.022793224081397057, 0.025658143684267998, -0.041449543088674545, -0.04237524792551994, -0.018271679058670998, -0.025177784264087677, 0.026302222162485123, -0.030658481642603874, 0.027687229216098785, 0.005633732303977013, -0.06264474242925644, -0.0014167026383802295, 0.05862301588058472, -0.0057473680935800076, 0.020547160878777504, -0.038492243736982346, 0.022085487842559814, 0.01417887769639492, -0.024548335000872612, -0.08654430508613586, 0.00150237453635782, 0.024392247200012207, 0.0400678776204586, -0.025841444730758667, -0.023700440302491188, 0.0018809308530762792, -0.027708878740668297, -0.035679321736097336, -0.025155989453196526, 0.03785177320241928, 0.016135521233081818, -0.039349623024463654, -0.009803691878914833, 0.049367669969797134, 0.07597527652978897, 0.011753018014132977, -0.006480747833848, 0.01731879636645317, -0.01911175064742565, -0.03691086173057556, 0.018730495125055313, 0.0035147021990269423, -0.02548513561487198, 0.007257828023284674, -0.04065042734146118, -0.003916580695658922, 0.00809606071561575, -0.033545464277267456, -0.009727618657052517, 0.006113487295806408, -0.014857552945613861, -0.01249905675649643, 0.00035322975600138307, -0.03456009179353714, -0.033100903034210205, 0.00901386234909296, -0.015100045129656792, 0.00025220299721695483, 0.027645280584692955, -0.028794292360544205, 0.01839432306587696, 0.004947364330291748, -0.01770864985883236, -0.0006207679980434477, 0.05417291074991226, -0.0007663728902116418, 0.002338347490876913, -0.025195633992552757, -0.04481587931513786, 0.056564606726169586, 0.008526306599378586, 0.0015466236509382725, -0.01368741411715746, 0.01930292136967182, -0.020925911143422127, 0.016172034665942192, -0.0062369960360229015, 0.03153148293495178, 0.04017440974712372, 0.03450245410203934, 0.031788263469934464, 0.05227866768836975, -0.004774006549268961, -0.01989111490547657, -0.07934828102588654, 0.03138399124145508, -0.028788141906261444, 0.009524223394691944, 0.029896346852183342, 0.03110540099442005, -0.019140657037496567, 0.03298791125416756, 0.014366700313985348, 0.03481324762105942, -0.01571880467236042, 0.021081052720546722, 0.029875144362449646, 0.023450950160622597, -0.029528573155403137, -0.03360799327492714, 0.07307387888431549, -0.028851889073848724, -0.01038123294711113, -0.005414536222815514, -0.04672761261463165, -0.002172671025618911, 0.017413847148418427, 0.055884238332509995, -0.040819913148880005, -0.024889077991247177, -0.049821749329566956, 0.029234444722533226, -0.022155771031975746, 0.006848455872386694, 0.024330072104930878, -0.028668854385614395, -0.0005641333991661668, -0.009253662079572678, 0.03431440144777298, -0.0361412949860096, -0.08453740924596786, -0.04952171444892883, -0.032193318009376526, 0.009579739533364773, 0.011130115017294884, -0.019943533465266228, -0.04199770465493202, 0.026671504601836205, -0.03143557906150818, 0.02770572528243065, -0.004591601435095072, 0.04857645556330681, 0.004045296926051378, 0.03803946077823639, -0.004191146697849035, 0.05378679186105728, 0.015235514380037785, -0.03506327047944069, 0.11348152905702591, 0.08026130497455597, 0.007424473762512207, -0.05050298944115639, 0.032445743680000305, 0.008424347266554832, 0.03749318793416023, 0.017468439415097237, -0.005065960809588432, 0.0039219362661242485, 0.006957820616662502, 0.004742627032101154, 0.04026958718895912, -0.00028179006767459214, -0.021685143932700157, 0.05951138213276863, -0.05860906466841698, 0.0004672629293054342, 0.004217182751744986, 0.05775284767150879, -0.010872824117541313, -0.011300710961222649, -0.02260718122124672, 0.004232845269143581, 0.02406991459429264, -0.0521012507379055, -0.01565144769847393, -0.017474524676799774, -0.014249271713197231, 0.012981323525309563, 0.0010414279531687498, -0.027767356485128403, 0.03181587532162666, -0.030589062720537186, -0.06429069489240646, -0.026484794914722443, 0.001612657681107521, -0.031890880316495895, 0.009337721392512321, 0.05131295323371887, 0.014986298978328705, -0.017874041572213173, 0.01175309345126152, -0.0077830227091908455, -0.024843614548444748, -0.0011059932876378298, -0.015265805646777153, 0.03374283388257027, -0.047279875725507736, 0.028921954333782196, -0.006235605571419001, 0.0033611541148275137, -0.006662242580205202, -0.050087135285139084, -0.04806504398584366, -0.007454137783497572, 0.024748986586928368, -0.05677150562405586, -0.03479883074760437, -0.028586674481630325, -0.0286069605499506, -0.03148699551820755, 0.017234591767191887, -0.014987083151936531, -0.06834058463573456, -0.0333155058324337, -0.02637680619955063, 0.03137075528502464, 0.02957209199666977, 0.019381089136004448, -0.0029998149257153273, -0.029770730063319206, -0.03411218896508217, -0.012989050708711147, 0.017280645668506622, -0.01611446961760521, 0.057318076491355896, 0.006515826564282179, 0.003968615084886551, -0.002039595739915967, -0.06999415159225464, 0.014742695726454258, -0.04159962758421898, -0.028072182089090347, -0.024137483909726143, 0.006081022322177887, 0.024914007633924484, 0.05824260786175728, 0.016996147111058235, 0.01917189173400402, 0.0028511942364275455, 0.010346517898142338, 0.019179195165634155, -0.08408394455909729, -0.024727849289774895, 0.008411632850766182, -0.040463294833898544, 0.03059910610318184, -0.001986643299460411, 0.01901453547179699, 0.021403014659881592, 0.07738570123910904, -0.022359510883688927, 0.0108640780672431, -0.013473269529640675, 0.019874094054102898, -0.02704956755042076, -0.03044133260846138, -0.010906168259680271, 0.04871179163455963, 0.02403639815747738, -0.0375102274119854, -0.02935016341507435, -0.043958671391010284, -0.018451062962412834, 0.02151467278599739, -0.058974768966436386, -0.059263262897729874, 0.000434117071563378, 0.021049514412879944, -0.0048655248247087, -0.03138796612620354, -0.04047292470932007, -0.021981146186590195, -0.01931997388601303, -0.005106458440423012, 0.006594100035727024, -0.0039004033897072077, -0.010864109732210636, -0.02091199718415737, -0.023682190105319023, 0.05262704938650131, -0.008372919633984566, -0.01589997485280037, -0.016288504004478455, 0.0322006419301033, -0.010762856341898441, 0.06692933291196823, -0.0008674745331518352, 0.012969616800546646, 0.03384161368012428, -0.061286576092243195, -0.05357730761170387, 0.016193849965929985, 0.0025106840766966343, 0.01515557523816824, 0.058342345058918, -0.0010566972196102142, -0.021257849410176277, 0.020065922290086746, -0.02871466614305973, -0.0025933748111128807, -0.013245537877082825, 0.03247734159231186, -0.0035013759043067694, 0.0055968379601836205, 0.02142193354666233, 0.01683267392218113, -0.015209817327558994, 0.05510193854570389, 0.05215714871883392, 0.01473036129027605, -0.023244524374604225, 0.024904562160372734, 0.0221563633531332, -0.002466434147208929, 0.026660555973649025, 0.021183375269174576, 0.035453327000141144, 0.038470346480607986, -0.029554374516010284, 0.03564176335930824, -0.016902169212698936, 0.0239741001278162, -0.10547197610139847, -0.027162883430719376, 0.012283346615731716, 0.018787993118166924, 0.036598749458789825, -0.038211166858673096, 0.015884827822446823, 0.03905441239476204, -0.03878248855471611, -0.036616887897253036, -0.013844624161720276, 0.02502042055130005, -0.07099144905805588, 0.0028400260489434004, -0.05060947313904762, 0.0289300624281168, 0.015468228608369827, 0.021199386566877365, -0.012896268628537655, 0.03753771260380745, 0.002877988154068589, -0.011640368029475212, -0.05023854225873947, -0.0021148365922272205, 0.0013689483748748899, -0.05328068882226944, 0.060819320380687714, -0.01140179205685854, -0.0046783508732914925, 0.05590027943253517, -0.021899370476603508, 0.018305204808712006, -0.004914300050586462, 0.05120372027158737, 0.03374848514795303, 0.02990129217505455, -0.0051534827798604965, -0.005629530642181635, -0.0013451561098918319, 0.028486289083957672, -0.0021122994367033243, 0.02892875298857689, -0.0078272158280015, -0.031408511102199554, 0.019467327743768692, -0.03262343630194664, -0.03621891513466835, -0.007980506867170334, -0.0012811890337616205, -0.027696391567587852, 0.029562264680862427, 0.0019099470227956772, -0.0316767692565918, 0.004327891394495964, 0.028406457975506783, -0.04699353873729706, -0.0006418403354473412, 0.0276293084025383, 0.04002858325839043, -0.03940152749419212, -0.009446850046515465, -0.014585431665182114, -0.04530811309814453, 0.043580811470746994, 0.0077950782142579556, 0.00048058811808004975, -0.04556248337030411, 0.013610314577817917, 0.025767510756850243, 0.0022846050560474396, -0.03329887613654137, -0.01877528242766857, -0.03851022198796272, 0.013093803077936172, -0.02852785587310791, -0.00623107235878706, 0.003763598157092929, -0.018117424100637436, -0.014807376079261303, -0.07417859882116318, 0.06210072338581085, 0.02615615911781788, 0.022352298721671104, -0.04750987887382507, -0.05193325877189636, -0.004774534143507481, 0.019885672256350517, 0.049395717680454254, -0.011368888430297375, 0.007471317425370216, 0.03154498711228371, 0.01121071632951498, 0.003122077090665698, -0.021328743547201157, 0.025597548112273216, -0.01055078860372305, -0.03159510716795921, -0.03191077709197998, -0.03562742471694946, 0.005572530906647444, -0.01117673423141241, 0.009598392061889172, -0.02637290768325329, 0.018734395503997803, -0.0013950662687420845, -0.00743893114849925, 0.06534159928560257, 0.005079019349068403, -0.010016852989792824, 0.03538277745246887, -0.025263620540499687, 0.03527366742491722, 0.007749143987894058, -0.005227547604590654, -0.07797602564096451, 0.0213952474296093, -0.020748509094119072, -0.02528294175863266, 0.011037980206310749, -0.013909437693655491, -0.011147038079798222, -0.01977887935936451, -0.037695299834012985, 0.029723653569817543, -0.030222920700907707, -0.010194050148129463, -0.0010372643591836095, 0.016607269644737244, 0.05095680430531502, -0.016644159331917763, 0.020775021985173225, 0.008413925766944885, 0.005392211955040693, 0.01229171734303236, 0.06787491589784622, 0.015599488280713558, 0.018190624192357063, 0.026214810088276863, 0.03395285829901695, -0.008609781041741371, 0.03055676445364952, -0.0008607240160927176, 0.03227803856134415, -0.029820458963513374, -0.056794699281454086, -0.011853635311126709, 0.010944637469947338, 0.020137518644332886, -0.0058295391499996185, -0.010994941927492619, 0.04455580189824104, -0.04263944551348686, 0.03434811532497406, 0.02190583012998104, 0.003821846330538392, -0.028120167553424835, -0.009241079911589622, 0.011901826597750187, -0.004833325743675232, -0.004418724682182074, -0.013709167949855328, -0.0001793295086827129, -0.004914877004921436, 0.04418116435408592, -0.014939798042178154, 0.018735654652118683, 0.02277803048491478, 0.008822571486234665, -0.05027077719569206, 0.013529607094824314, -0.028968818485736847, -0.009945058263838291, -0.0013965581310912967, 0.02497260645031929, 0.027179086580872536, -0.026834480464458466, -0.06180795282125473, -0.014455517753958702, 0.07395575940608978, -0.07572541385889053, 0.017954986542463303, -0.031018512323498726, 0.004063274245709181, 0.005204339977353811, -0.0008887516451068223 ]
<p>When carrying out OLS multiple linear regression, rather than plot the residuals against fitted values, I plot the (internal) Studentized residuals against fitted values (ditto for covariates). These residuals are defined as:</p> <p>\begin{equation} e^*_i = \frac{e_i}{\sqrt{s^2 (1-h_{ii})}} \end{equation}</p> <p>where $e_i$ is the residual and $h_{ii}$ are the diagonal elements of the hat matrix. To get these studentized residuals in R, you can use the <code>rstandard</code> command. </p> <p>What type of residuals do people routinely use in this context? For example, do you just stick with $e_i$ or do you use jackknife residuals, or something else entirely.</p> <p>Note: I'm not that interested in papers that define a new type of residual that no-one ever uses.</p>
48,444
[ -0.006230309139937162, 0.018544524908065796, 0.008605278097093105, -0.03349653631448746, 0.007507287431508303, 0.022764254361391068, -0.03123551607131958, -0.026897618547081947, 0.01712428592145443, -0.03439902514219284, 0.0005375246983021498, 0.03407340869307518, 0.058778151869773865, 0.012219646014273167, 0.0283307246863842, -0.02878306433558464, 0.013512896373867989, 0.0033739516511559486, -0.005666583776473999, -0.013197701424360275, 0.004220825619995594, -0.0019296449609100819, -0.0020823460072278976, -0.0332602858543396, -0.04038410261273384, 0.04059683531522751, 0.024403667077422142, 0.009641826152801514, 0.025628508999943733, 0.03772676736116409, -0.016835788264870644, -0.02405823953449726, -0.0017487599980086088, 0.033332325518131256, -0.011488239280879498, 0.014484132640063763, -0.0071519771590828896, -0.047776959836483, -0.019604327157139778, 0.04350248724222183, -0.025679798796772957, -0.01138574443757534, -0.010744950734078884, 0.03694530576467514, 0.03284652158617973, 0.03667202219367027, -0.003095723921433091, -0.020988034084439278, 0.05085191875696182, -0.056728385388851166, 0.052246708422899246, 0.032861851155757904, 0.019305365160107613, 0.03255411237478256, -0.05955478176474571, 0.007559876423329115, 0.028150707483291626, 0.007052194327116013, 0.014066549949347973, -0.05959584563970566, -0.00398235023021698, -0.016313718631863594, 0.0011551616480574012, 0.001829921966418624, -0.025366682559251785, 0.008809839375317097, 0.044924672693014145, -0.037142544984817505, 0.025777457281947136, -0.028455225750803947, 0.021575674414634705, 0.016788214445114136, 0.013109126128256321, -0.06720530241727829, 0.0425625815987587, -0.021262075752019882, 0.0085536427795887, 0.021821675822138786, 0.06368827819824219, 0.012822771444916725, 0.03507892042398453, -0.016045667231082916, 0.04545630142092705, 0.04017925262451172, 0.00386824831366539, 0.009469293989241123, 0.06367868930101395, -0.019582021981477737, 0.046119511127471924, 0.026589302346110344, 0.000968366744928062, 0.027126412838697433, 0.05810166522860527, 0.00531394500285387, -0.0116037018597126, 0.025615323334932327, -0.01039083581417799, 0.046271856874227524, 0.005407818127423525, -0.01879175938665867, -0.0031971910502761602, -0.04156242683529854, 0.004253150895237923, 0.03713963180780411, 0.000413538480643183, -0.01677379570901394, -0.022334987297654152, 0.007331844884902239, -0.020100727677345276, -0.0393427349627018, -0.03253009542822838, 0.046733513474464417, -0.0014473841292783618, 0.02126123569905758, 0.03210120648145676, -0.047372132539749146, 0.006117957644164562, -0.006361246574670076, 0.039665017277002335, 0.08330148458480835, -0.011509481817483902, 0.013615445233881474, 0.02705254592001438, -0.007089841179549694, -0.053918302059173584, 0.06107889860868454, 0.013497553765773773, -0.0006392889190465212, -0.058837249875068665, 0.0370187871158123, -0.004337631165981293, -0.04752868786454201, 0.028830761089920998, 0.016510866582393646, 0.0010212186025455594, -0.005521553102880716, -0.08444618433713913, -0.09079586714506149, 0.06658956408500671, -0.01988743431866169, 0.020627865567803383, -0.04306952655315399, -0.029632940888404846, 0.016708780080080032, 0.060170624405145645, -0.010881256312131882, 0.0017041184473782778, -0.008391237817704678, 0.017337551340460777, 0.012217664159834385, -0.02931234799325466, -0.002043616259470582, -0.02636844664812088, -0.02322245016694069, 0.013208952732384205, -0.07189621031284332, 0.014159228652715683, 0.04329768940806389, -0.007470169570297003, 0.020677678287029266, 0.06458351761102676, -0.002239210531115532, 0.02897925302386284, 0.040610071271657944, 0.02836712636053562, -0.04137285426259041, 0.07255847752094269, -0.023220380768179893, 0.04806560277938843, 0.013380750082433224, -0.011787477880716324, 0.005788980517536402, 0.0031079568434506655, 0.05698925629258156, 0.0028964208904653788, -0.03623392805457115, 0.028876522555947304, -0.05657254904508591, 0.008603011257946491, 0.03706628829240799, -0.08568990230560303, -0.03789452835917473, 0.006723972037434578, -0.04630569741129875, -0.038443248718976974, 0.04270908981561661, -0.002624913351610303, -0.02759319730103016, 0.04436725750565529, -0.05626623332500458, -0.04148169234395027, -0.055509865283966064, 0.01274009421467781, -0.004878539592027664, -0.026179928332567215, 0.013083425350487232, 0.007166021503508091, 0.00730146886780858, 0.016384482383728027, -0.013949052430689335, 0.0008203797624446452, 0.04671040549874306, 0.05082621052861214, -0.023483358323574066, 0.00514133321121335, 0.026400251314044, 0.05411263182759285, -0.014321493916213512, 0.04141358286142349, -0.038510311394929886, -0.05330873653292656, -0.015277623198926449, -0.06279544532299042, 0.05028026923537254, -0.02596629224717617, -0.01821952871978283, -0.011224150657653809, -0.010765100829303265, -0.020824557170271873, 0.016537122428417206, -0.03965296223759651, 0.012024798430502415, 0.08058659732341766, 0.04301803186535835, -0.0010775144910439849, 0.011947663500905037, -0.005315828137099743, 0.02436673268675804, -0.024805724620819092, -0.004539169371128082, -0.030155561864376068, -0.019290758296847343, 0.05052931234240532, 0.04134772717952728, -0.0395834855735302, 0.038342151790857315, 0.05900876596570015, 0.021189086139202118, 0.018474014475941658, 0.02010907419025898, -0.044280391186475754, -0.013051779940724373, -0.02550249546766281, -0.0030410620383918285, 0.043566666543483734, 0.009113335981965065, 0.021140197291970253, 0.010925158858299255, -0.0018768825102597475, 0.028078924864530563, 0.030314724892377853, 0.017281975597143173, -0.003032325068488717, -0.0232643261551857, 0.012221922166645527, -0.01914507895708084, 0.03380467742681503, -0.010783951729536057, -0.004481625277549028, 0.01818058267235756, 0.0047061205841600895, -0.01266674418002367, -0.015045120380818844, 0.001600264455191791, 0.016332188621163368, 0.02426227182149887, -0.018410567194223404, 0.00860049482434988, 0.014142637141048908, -0.02255064994096756, 0.02973458170890808, -0.034946829080581665, -0.012217915616929531, -0.033080581575632095, 0.04744739457964897, 0.020556094124913216, 0.006145463790744543, 0.034342776983976364, -0.021265413612127304, -0.02061190828680992, 0.010908147320151329, -0.028387386351823807, 0.03735682740807533, -0.023840326815843582, -0.02474331110715866, -0.018384398892521858, -0.060968734323978424, -0.01592344231903553, 0.03734230995178223, -0.004508415702730417, -0.027925418689846992, 0.01081031933426857, -0.003297297051176429, -0.028911955654621124, -0.0634181872010231, -0.010972145013511181, -0.040992431342601776, -0.014435962773859501, -0.023129692301154137, 0.027362676337361336, 0.002279614331200719, -0.009710347279906273, 0.032918911427259445, -0.021989086642861366, -0.012192962691187859, -0.022277845069766045, -0.01693018525838852, 0.025073885917663574, 0.005272849462926388, -0.009994939900934696, 0.041947539895772934, -0.00823444128036499, 0.0027079866267740726, -0.07185684144496918, -0.06611420214176178, 0.02179691195487976, 0.016285425052046776, 0.006830715108662844, 0.0022166522685438395, -0.016082055866718292, 0.05672154948115349, 0.017134718596935272, 0.007049633655697107, -0.04159946367144585, 0.007676030974835157, -0.035651594400405884, -0.03169790655374527, -0.0018608878599479795, 0.009944160468876362, 0.020663857460021973, 0.004402594640851021, -0.026383820921182632, 0.002205613302066922, 0.04697662219405174, -0.011869016103446484, 0.006403472740203142, 0.004754924681037664, -0.029414314776659012, -0.02216515690088272, 0.04921536520123482, 0.008881080895662308, -0.03697551041841507, 0.010183381848037243, 0.012125741690397263, 0.02327640913426876, 0.012719936668872833, -0.04199063405394554, -0.0008103348081931472, -0.038669466972351074, -0.009933670982718468, 0.005665780045092106, -0.009991081431508064, 0.03494567796587944, -0.014260507188737392, 0.0018247602274641395, 0.018628032878041267, 0.00127540179528296, -0.01169616263359785, 0.02611480839550495, 0.018676016479730606, 0.025985941290855408, -0.002044077729806304, 0.03790311887860298, -0.01979852095246315, -0.002053220057860017, 0.03272883966565132, -0.06027071177959442, -0.01544500794261694, 0.0303232092410326, 0.007871138863265514, 0.0013496038736775517, -0.009653836488723755, -0.0580267496407032, 0.008694354444742203, -0.08518581837415695, 0.007189535070210695, -0.05204128473997116, 0.05144467577338219, -0.034140899777412415, 0.01768706925213337, -0.017833590507507324, -0.010373725555837154, 0.013269909657537937, -0.027719181030988693, -0.05007801577448845, 0.024762200191617012, 0.0014677825383841991, -0.02792974002659321, 0.009542378596961498, -0.0011028568260371685, 0.028309328481554985, -0.032030653208494186, 0.029031218960881233, 0.01448765117675066, 0.014956582337617874, 0.01451021432876587, 0.002642483450472355, -0.019544335082173347, -0.024416476488113403, -0.040200889110565186, 0.010361218824982643, 0.01762777753174305, -0.029553469270467758, -0.019285136833786964, 0.03674464300274849, -0.01090297382324934, 0.02645035646855831, -0.030097801238298416, 0.0036678165197372437, 0.017343277111649513, 0.01855967566370964, 0.04990364983677864, -0.0036033957730978727, -0.009340377524495125, 0.041491974145174026, 0.008384919725358486, 0.046868402510881424, 0.03747452422976494, -0.024211836978793144, 0.0050254943780601025, -0.027386127039790154, -0.017244737595319748, -0.011273524723947048, 0.03755286708474159, 0.006343455985188484, -0.027002088725566864, 0.0550498366355896, 0.026659123599529266, -0.04120412841439247, 0.04839979484677315, 0.0915641263127327, -0.01016339659690857, 0.0007899727788753808, 0.006668048445135355, 0.01227976568043232, 0.015807870775461197, 0.014252950437366962, 0.048444006592035294, 0.02446199581027031, -0.011288533918559551, -0.00947162602096796, 0.029089903458952904, -0.01246178150177002, -0.0016741084400564432, 0.00292120105586946, 0.007580840028822422, 0.06944289058446884, -0.00585806742310524, -0.010174375958740711, 0.020546087995171547, 0.06562790274620056, 0.0706624761223793, 0.0028189283329993486, -0.014863147400319576, -0.07449489086866379, 0.021464943885803223, 0.016826197504997253, 0.0365036204457283, -0.042244505137205124, 0.009252440184354782, -0.041469756513834, -0.03133165091276169, 0.05271383002400398, -0.029742831364274025, 0.00508676003664732, 0.010916759259998798, 0.04128710553050041, -0.03316161781549454, -0.016358470544219017, -0.03203267604112625, 0.017830364406108856, 0.0007316530682146549, 0.03387368470430374, -0.01995035447180271, -0.037982020527124405, -0.04115527868270874, 0.011682279407978058, -0.0003728540032170713, 0.020949499681591988, -0.017923075705766678, -0.046693798154592514, 0.0013299520360305905, 0.02349897287786007, -0.006177456583827734, -0.054140135645866394, 0.016428373754024506, 0.00798484031111002, -0.021362626925110817, 0.03676362708210945, -0.01502966694533825, -0.028913022950291634, -0.02931138128042221, 0.026078131049871445, -0.014734165742993355, -0.024179967120289803, 0.0021015543024986982, 0.006553887389600277, 0.05164197087287903, 0.005178540479391813, 0.028448395431041718, 0.03397498279809952, 0.03141268715262413, -0.028755921870470047, -0.036797381937503815, 0.01867370307445526, -0.029705381020903587, -0.06715820729732513, -0.03121682070195675, -0.020040765404701233, -0.032730832695961, 0.01404549740254879, 0.009792417287826538, 0.0505954809486866, -0.03508023917675018, -0.043684519827365875, -0.030615808442234993, 0.05395541340112686, -0.02031158097088337, 0.01818874105811119, 0.034351058304309845, 0.003543074708431959, -0.014725392684340477, -0.01065943855792284, -0.0037350801285356283, 0.021052297204732895, 0.006235215812921524, 0.043365661054849625, -0.03878242149949074, 0.026149932295084, -0.012578541412949562, -0.0018886415055021644, 0.0011185727780684829, -0.0440245158970356, 0.0005500177503563464, -0.012624655850231647, 0.048586007207632065, -0.007761337328702211, -0.004813991487026215, 0.02338174544274807, 0.04740455001592636, -0.013401433825492859, 0.020450793206691742, -0.013268513604998589, 0.019330088049173355, -0.026912948116660118, -0.023290125653147697, -0.04007904231548309, -0.03451716899871826, 0.011154484935104847, 0.008017094805836678, -0.015558985061943531, 0.003926039207726717, -0.0021251109428703785, -0.014314709231257439, -0.007527538109570742, -0.0292374175041914, 0.08215822279453278, -0.06517771631479263, 0.0031940974295139313, -0.019765153527259827, 0.016870420426130295, 0.05666255205869675, -0.03200807049870491, -0.014687378890812397, 0.021393366158008575, -0.0017948361346498132, 0.001856246031820774, 0.03419387340545654, 0.03630724176764488, -0.033130887895822525, -0.0029294928535819054, -0.05525854229927063, -0.0058060260489583015, 0.05248893424868584, -0.003587375394999981, 0.0001826069492381066, 0.020494889467954636, -0.02996104024350643, 0.019692929461598396, -0.03142186254262924, 0.010156644508242607, -0.04068483039736748, 0.01884274370968342, 0.017616592347621918, -0.001135323429480195, -0.00012142865307396278, -0.020915843546390533, 0.018500540405511856, 0.01523172203451395, 0.007242817431688309, 0.015995990484952927, 0.05929938331246376, 0.01801568828523159, 0.017607998102903366, 0.017798112705349922, -0.034119632095098495, 0.07016786932945251, 0.017990944907069206, 0.004275854676961899, -0.005907644983381033, 0.026472849771380424, 0.0016056919703260064, -0.09644830971956253, -0.040869683027267456, 0.007726723328232765, 0.05723739042878151, -0.04321536049246788, 0.023469407111406326, 0.061149612069129944, 0.010906518436968327, 0.006468602921813726, -0.07899903506040573, -0.009655801579356194, -0.02204575389623642, -0.01781173050403595, 0.042830586433410645, -0.026701778173446655, -0.0015157954767346382, 0.02709956094622612, 0.032729800790548325, 0.00015392230125144124, 0.03752286359667778, 0.020570306107401848, 0.02017396129667759, 0.02367958426475525, -0.03422142565250397, -0.05226166546344757, 0.02637697570025921, -0.03902529552578926, 0.018377456814050674, 0.0007698806002736092, -0.03128582984209061, 0.0423937551677227, 0.03683427721261978, 0.03334710747003555, -0.038907527923583984, -0.01179663185030222, -0.05126425251364708, 0.001992827281355858, 0.021466530859470367, -0.05433867871761322, 0.006075739860534668, -0.01149612944573164, 0.04351327195763588, -0.009026887826621532, 0.037341758608818054, -0.022575007751584053, -0.071461021900177, -0.017973285168409348, -0.009191992692649364, -0.014610023237764835, 0.020167382434010506, -0.0002181774761993438, -0.02661929465830326, 0.02614160068333149, -0.048413004726171494, 0.003288452746346593, 0.004144885111600161, 0.052697569131851196, 0.03463440388441086, 0.060773734003305435, -0.0011690310202538967, -0.0405593141913414, -0.02781509980559349, -0.023845193907618523, 0.1236753836274147, 0.09799648076295853, 0.06121259182691574, -0.04921344667673111, 0.0025087983813136816, -0.032227352261543274, -0.00835012923926115, -0.0016108449781313539, 0.01323041319847107, -0.007454555947333574, 0.02052634209394455, 0.0244059469550848, 0.08497114479541779, -0.029727600514888763, 0.006708208937197924, 0.0009219337371177971, -0.0363331101834774, 0.0060396925546228886, 0.008426608517765999, 0.01646767556667328, 0.0011819686042144895, 0.012810501269996166, -0.07673352211713791, -0.020015114918351173, 0.012819849886000156, -0.04098829627037048, -0.0048088193871080875, -0.009341091848909855, 0.0023129715118557215, 0.01911737211048603, -0.05209197476506233, 0.018295597285032272, -0.003193560289219022, 0.05946880951523781, 0.003022023243829608, 0.042691536247730255, 0.00903899222612381, -0.007634738925844431, 0.010178331285715103, 0.02790462039411068, -0.004092378541827202, -0.04881473258137703, 0.026277322322130203, -0.01517749298363924, -0.01956409588456154, -0.001165452180430293, -0.01815010979771614, 0.07078436017036438, 0.02407623827457428, -0.01871398836374283, -0.03766639530658722, -0.01871040277183056, 0.01573745161294937, -0.04435446858406067, -0.04469170793890953, 0.010918722487986088, 0.015638941898941994, -0.028275763615965843, 0.008772172965109348, -0.0207663681358099, -0.015406759455800056, -0.0038275092374533415, 0.00006282970571191981, 0.006464455276727676, -0.019614053890109062, -0.030341466888785362, -0.03239594027400017, 0.017008045688271523, 0.011052562855184078, 0.007864462211728096, -0.005635859444737434, 0.003904415760189295, -0.015978822484612465, 0.0007614868227392435, 0.01770218461751938, 0.01672220788896084, 0.03009551204741001, -0.013725269585847855, 0.016236435621976852, -0.04103590548038483, -0.055894412100315094, 0.011976677924394608, -0.02005097270011902, -0.006940182764083147, -0.02276240475475788, -0.04450692981481552, 0.03499016538262367, 0.020279252901673317, 0.01233036257326603, 0.0025982109364122152, 0.012155787087976933, 0.05122445523738861, 0.0025372866075485945, -0.05565039813518524, 0.002002775203436613, 0.0024743666872382164, -0.013923474587500095, -0.0026139202527701855, -0.028779787942767143, 0.04427478834986687, 0.011254399083554745, 0.022412747144699097, -0.02279127947986126, 0.030786652117967606, 0.04410676658153534, 0.03084680065512657, 0.05013576149940491, -0.039790187031030655, 0.04149096459150314, 0.03496899455785751, -0.01894453540444374, -0.020981842651963234, 0.010987693443894386, -0.044133979827165604, -0.018165621906518936, -0.028238121420145035, 0.02233186550438404, -0.05366601049900055, 0.04704562574625015, -0.026543831452727318, 0.035669319331645966, -0.07952800393104553, 0.01407629530876875, -0.03273613750934601, -0.0028029722161591053, 0.023201635107398033, -0.03311195969581604, -0.023336267098784447, 0.013322279788553715, -0.018664542585611343, 0.013475229032337666, 0.03677716478705406, 0.012374384328722954, 0.03814459219574928, -0.03815603256225586, -0.029313597828149796, -0.007496955338865519, 0.028240807354450226, -0.005080500617623329, -0.012426011264324188, 0.012455828487873077, 0.0009670404251664877, -0.028433267027139664, -0.010814456269145012, -0.003726366674527526, 0.021051421761512756, 0.014985313639044762, -0.021026983857154846, -0.03472522273659706, 0.01901894249022007, -0.029788926243782043, -0.0027408034075051546, 0.008536572568118572, 0.005028549116104841, -0.012282322160899639, -0.0013170784804970026, 0.004323978442698717, -0.027616096660494804, -0.006168837659060955, 0.024898532778024673, 0.024234991520643234, -0.01019336562603712, 0.01981325075030327, -0.006716073490679264, -0.01960746757686138, 0.0019467804813757539, 0.03719737008213997, 0.0007710417849011719, 0.03920522704720497, 0.04880988597869873, -0.060052063316106796, 0.02763504534959793, 0.01645202934741974, 0.03563942387700081, -0.09808169305324554, -0.03043934889137745, -0.01127464696764946, 0.022309323772788048, 0.01015976071357727, -0.012683345004916191, -0.014151269569993019, 0.044789139181375504, -0.059494681656360626, 0.030799927189946175, -0.027388708665966988, 0.020242804661393166, -0.02408972941339016, 0.01969160884618759, 0.0194394551217556, 0.01950446330010891, 0.006881486624479294, 0.031721390783786774, -0.0004968997673131526, 0.03072686307132244, 0.01879347860813141, -0.03616101294755936, -0.0015674559399485588, 0.013383922167122364, 0.01061221957206726, -0.07924938201904297, 0.0313912108540535, -0.000983458710834384, -0.018128519877791405, 0.028026524931192398, 0.0030651770066469908, 0.01931321807205677, -0.008591732010245323, 0.01972494088113308, 0.015338219702243805, 0.06922215223312378, 0.02401837892830372, -0.01522070076316595, -0.027016835287213326, -0.015810446813702583, -0.0017372336005792022, 0.029523471370339394, -0.016853323206305504, 0.0011666195932775736, 0.0057905083522200584, -0.016339605674147606, -0.045779839158058167, 0.05532915145158768, -0.011740013025701046, -0.058401718735694885, 0.001289686537347734, 0.0059832059778273106, 0.012887987308204174, -0.04353032633662224, 0.030355650931596756, -0.05545378476381302, 0.00004746356717078015, 0.05247432366013527, -0.003883224679157138, -0.01729193888604641, 0.010598105378448963, -0.014132270589470863, -0.04787759110331535, -0.00574511056765914, -0.019415419548749924, -0.04237950220704079, -0.07360025495290756, -0.020156992599368095, 0.0343051552772522, -0.02991616725921631, -0.0272165909409523, -0.011735399253666401, 0.0015288048889487982, 0.047768980264663696, -0.02885398454964161, -0.0036613037809729576, 0.02804713323712349, -0.028583664447069168, 0.03201454132795334, -0.060038480907678604, 0.04601055011153221, 0.02084626629948616, 0.007854522205889225, -0.03301612660288811, -0.004310432355850935, -0.02445167675614357, 0.005396732594817877, 0.1121695265173912, 0.016476769000291824, 0.017622824758291245, 0.020701939240098, 0.02250836417078972, 0.0011467644944787025, -0.046292126178741455, 0.06704302877187729, 0.006344891618937254, 0.02735721319913864, -0.0346086248755455, 0.012800488620996475, 0.009370225481688976, 0.00005266122752800584, 0.0458100326359272, 0.015525511465966702, 0.01929507963359356, -0.0066981082782149315, -0.013450033962726593, 0.04942117631435394, 0.025311840698122978, -0.057395581156015396, 0.03144475817680359, 0.018728060647845268, -0.03637831658124924, 0.05038883164525032, -0.03134848549962044, -0.02281537465751171, 0.01330815814435482, 0.008591811172664165, -0.035636380314826965, -0.03300784155726433, 0.012338446453213692, -0.002859775209799409, -0.061435431241989136, 0.017284711822867393, -0.006007605232298374, -0.017937611788511276, -0.05464334413409233, 0.026560954749584198, 0.028293605893850327, 0.033096350729465485, 0.02285313419997692, -0.0018479995196685195, 0.034755997359752655, -0.06170506030321121, -0.006623515859246254, 0.033298756927251816, 0.03654085472226143, 0.021017301827669144, 0.0008251794497482479, -0.0036360067315399647, -0.03583752363920212, 0.0351005457341671, -0.0013825990026816726, 0.03683972731232643, -0.027783384546637535, -0.009134217165410519, 0.03756019473075867, -0.020420553162693977, 0.02123652957379818, -0.032188963145017624, -0.009717261418700218, 0.054971080273389816, -0.05960630252957344, -0.012135602533817291, -0.045379698276519775, -0.022228803485631943, -0.028388559818267822, -0.009630990214645863, -0.014761286787688732, 0.031739361584186554, 0.007206977345049381, 0.013626267202198505, -0.01892751455307007, -0.016965633258223534, 0.04281489923596382, -0.016513800248503685, 0.03840973228216171, 0.008539048954844475, -0.024625707417726517, -0.021007893607020378, -0.04653902351856232, -0.0009390287450514734, -0.002455426612868905, 0.05423812195658684, 0.0503632053732872, -0.005234012845903635, -0.04201433062553406, -0.047028928995132446, -0.0310041643679142, 0.03117804415524006, -0.058341555297374725, -0.0025262583512812853, -0.007804867345839739, 0.030692769214510918, 0.046883147209882736, -0.009184482507407665 ]
<p>I have a small dataset of count data that has a number of zero measurements. My overdispersion is fairly large. Due to this, I was drawn to using the glmmadmb package.</p> <p>I understand how to compare the fit of the distributions (poisson, nbinom etc) using AICtab.</p> <p>What I am struggling with is how to assess whether the model with the 'best' fit of distribution actually fits my data. On 'normal' glm's, this is where you would use</p> <pre><code>qqnorm(resid(model)) qqline(resid(model)) </code></pre> <p>I am aware, however, that the assumptions required to use this are not met in negative binomials etc etc.</p> <p>Therefore, I am wondering if someone would point me in the right direction of finding an answer.... how would you validate your model choice in GLMMADMB?</p> <p>Many thanks in advance for your help, I really appreciate your time and efforts.</p> <p><strong>EDIT</strong>: 8th May 2014</p> <p>My data set is a very very simple one….. I am testing a behaviour response to an audio playback stimuli. I have 10 animals that are played a control playback, and the same 10 animals played a treatment playback the following day (alternated to balance treatment order effects). Therefore, I have only one fixed effect (Audio Treatment) and one random effect (Individual Name). I feel that I am comfortable with <code>lmer</code> functions and have used <code>lme4</code> on several, much larger models, of both count and binomial. I am a little unsure of my understanding of <code>glmmadmb</code> models…. What I see the issue as being with this small model, is that 5 / 10 of the measured responses for control playback are 0 (with the other 5 / 10 being small numbers, and 10 / 10 to treatment playback being large numbers).</p> <p>My dataset looks as follows:</p> <pre><code>Individual Audio_Treatment Behaviour A TREATMENT 60 B TREATMENT 29 C TREATMENT 32 D TREATMENT 40 E TREATMENT 3 F TREATMENT 25 G TREATMENT 21 H TREATMENT 50 I TREATMENT 11 J TREATMENT 43 A CONTROL 4 B CONTROL 0 C CONTROL 0 D CONTROL 0 E CONTROL 19 F CONTROL 10 G CONTROL 4 H CONTROL 0 I CONTROL 0 J CONTROL 3 </code></pre> <p>And I have fitted the following model:</p> <pre><code>modelNBIT&lt;-glmmadmb(BEHAVIOUR~AUDIO_TREATMENT+(1|INDIVIDUAL), family="nbinom1", zeroInflation = TRUE) </code></pre> <p>I had initially thought that truncated models (or hurdle models) might be more suited to this, however the truncated glmmadmb runs the following error....(perhaps due to overfitting)</p> <pre><code>Parameters were estimated, but not standard errors were not: the most likely problem is that the curvature at MLE was zero or negative </code></pre> <p>Going back to my original question – I was wondering if someone would be able to suggest a way to validate the model (in this precise case, modelNBIT)?</p> <p>Many thanks again for your time and efforts.</p>
74,103
[ -0.028530055657029152, -0.022380489856004715, 0.004186125006526709, -0.0335506834089756, 0.025404170155525208, 0.02421615459024906, -0.009968605823814869, 0.026121169328689575, 0.03919403627514839, -0.02003565989434719, 0.03048376552760601, 0.05633005127310753, 0.05464014410972595, 0.01175905391573906, 0.010633100755512714, -0.007589816115796566, -0.0007528594578616321, -0.03255908191204071, 0.0030579082667827606, -0.016343604773283005, 0.010809476487338543, 0.021508604288101196, 0.01603914611041546, -0.01588222198188305, -0.058062322437763214, 0.06497747451066971, 0.027726400643587112, -0.020160961896181107, -0.00522332638502121, 0.03854626044631004, -0.03973822295665741, -0.04385574907064438, -0.016901850700378418, 0.027816427871584892, 0.04960954189300537, 0.018093524500727654, -0.005611357279121876, -0.02298160083591938, -0.019824255257844925, 0.0374683178961277, 0.0023787757381796837, 0.019243093207478523, 0.014786569401621819, 0.0010099270148202777, -0.0016463692300021648, -0.0014218350406736135, 0.02505725994706154, -0.01875293254852295, 0.05348958075046539, -0.03418239578604698, 0.06477513164281845, 0.03283197432756424, 0.01371043175458908, 0.026193829253315926, -0.0040116687305271626, -0.06249157711863518, 0.05676751956343651, 0.05724648758769035, 0.017982732504606247, -0.050313618034124374, 0.011735829524695873, -0.03182346001267433, -0.007176609709858894, -0.00017593642405699939, 0.007207134738564491, -0.0014456982025876641, 0.05775272473692894, 0.0022080799099057913, 0.03501351922750473, -0.007198788691312075, 0.04361049830913544, 0.008255226537585258, 0.06490619480609894, -0.01758931204676628, 0.02433316595852375, -0.01749599166214466, 0.02617725171148777, -0.011604695580899715, 0.04568314924836159, 0.053710851818323135, -0.019414639100432396, 0.007140808273106813, 0.003988323267549276, 0.02657734788954258, 0.03668733313679695, -0.05373126268386841, 0.023874303326010704, -0.02674340456724167, -0.0022727525793015957, 0.027408400550484657, -0.04081284627318382, 0.005400305613875389, 0.04736294969916344, 0.029844924807548523, -0.05607074871659279, 0.06071969121694565, 0.015065619722008705, 0.03686738759279251, 0.01027570478618145, -0.007227377966046333, -0.04942047968506813, -0.070481076836586, 0.0025580129586160183, 0.07405062764883041, -0.057474348694086075, 0.020436633378267288, -0.02753855660557747, -0.009540479630231857, -0.001532704452984035, -0.030084781348705292, 0.004150999244302511, 0.021053239703178406, 0.040584638714790344, 0.007351589389145374, -0.011571626178920269, -0.04177214950323105, -0.014143459498882294, -0.023515451699495316, 0.04966915398836136, 0.03983749449253082, 0.022680984809994698, -0.02268674597144127, 0.005450374446809292, -0.038858141750097275, -0.002568252617493272, -0.02233375795185566, 0.0037404103204607964, 0.016741642728447914, -0.04929451644420624, 0.06915578246116638, 0.04951104149222374, -0.019979070872068405, 0.03471486642956734, 0.006080483086407185, 0.025943323969841003, -0.0307624414563179, -0.04961119219660759, -0.05136556923389435, 0.0431218259036541, -0.026314692571759224, 0.012258305214345455, -0.04153956100344658, -0.03159338980913162, 0.002428456675261259, 0.010755839757621288, 0.022930048406124115, 0.05128121003508568, -0.00219950289465487, 0.001998416380956769, -0.0005072797066532075, -0.03451415151357651, 0.014268491417169571, -0.05494970455765724, -0.0027079989667981863, -0.01471198070794344, -0.07072120159864426, 0.03157416358590126, -0.005727172363549471, 0.0008729501278139651, -0.000867420167196542, 0.022622067481279373, -0.006980612874031067, -0.003399141598492861, 0.0017678597941994667, 0.0256307665258646, -0.00210271286778152, 0.04813934862613678, -0.009945638477802277, 0.025983456522226334, 0.017931269481778145, -0.03493163362145424, 0.014228859916329384, 0.012928233481943607, 0.047696758061647415, 0.03485119342803955, -0.023236140608787537, 0.04246784374117851, -0.053382351994514465, 0.03498721867799759, 0.04505642130970955, -0.04435206949710846, 0.01925796829164028, -0.04909997433423996, -0.043930284678936005, 0.03623353689908981, 0.003817490069195628, -0.0025258122477680445, 0.027771688997745514, 0.05278332531452179, -0.04432835802435875, -0.07503607124090195, -0.030036017298698425, 0.018620546907186508, 0.0020061261020600796, -0.02560930885374546, -0.022746454924345016, -0.013037333264946938, 0.04523355886340141, 0.02979121170938015, 0.015071303583681583, -0.014299106784164906, -0.030499594286084175, 0.03538193926215172, -0.0059401229955255985, -0.021271517500281334, 0.06998973339796066, 0.02285744808614254, -0.03225257992744446, 0.042767930775880814, -0.007781929802149534, -0.022920195013284683, 0.019872350618243217, -0.012635056860744953, 0.03857243061065674, 0.010628269985318184, -0.04668635129928589, 0.04625069350004196, 0.0011084027355536819, -0.044821564108133316, 0.023512469604611397, -0.04545465111732483, 0.051072102040052414, 0.08931101858615875, -0.03254730626940727, 0.02035587839782238, 0.008246065117418766, -0.012410665862262249, -0.017027704045176506, -0.02958824671804905, 0.005558961071074009, -0.05685422942042351, -0.010904565453529358, 0.05212024226784706, -0.02069263346493244, 0.008661337196826935, 0.01571045257151127, 0.0436583012342453, -0.03345821797847748, 0.016783861443400383, 0.00195689732208848, -0.001008649473078549, -0.0238509364426136, 0.02328433468937874, 0.0539776049554348, 0.03174034506082535, 0.003581214463338256, 0.028166193515062332, -0.04253154620528221, 0.047123659402132034, -0.005703285802155733, -0.01112012192606926, 0.04091879352927208, 0.002158532617613673, -0.0008351400610990822, -0.03980904817581177, -0.024411417543888092, 0.03399888798594475, -0.03619121015071869, 0.020713692530989647, 0.03964574635028839, 0.007766589056700468, -0.03058020770549774, 0.024497929960489273, 0.00033291892032139003, 0.02328232116997242, 0.013568727299571037, -0.014904197305440903, -0.031272631138563156, 0.0314064584672451, -0.023622354492545128, 0.0020261304453015327, -0.03028269298374653, -0.058121208101511, -0.04522087052464485, -0.005946710240095854, 0.035408083349466324, 0.03392069786787033, -0.001236815587617457, -0.04692697897553444, 0.03806041181087494, -0.023481469601392746, 0.007608328480273485, 0.04741998016834259, 0.014686595648527145, -0.04823072627186775, -0.03449416160583496, -0.04668872803449631, 0.0012585464864969254, 0.006276621483266354, -0.011054969392716885, -0.03916025906801224, 0.05546099320054054, -0.019556207582354546, -0.05445442721247673, -0.030260397121310234, -0.03378378972411156, 0.00462167477235198, -0.03096354380249977, -0.02274923585355282, 0.0476820170879364, 0.060239389538764954, -0.04119265824556351, 0.019542766734957695, -0.056352682411670685, -0.017174873501062393, 0.011537961661815643, -0.0049837916158139706, 0.03313387930393219, -0.0043876320123672485, -0.0011444076662883162, -0.0038396117743104696, 0.008910952135920525, -0.05445230379700661, -0.08017702400684357, -0.02572084777057171, 0.004336494021117687, -0.00152373977471143, 0.05420425534248352, 0.010982932522892952, -0.006494557019323111, 0.07625123113393784, 0.07754767686128616, -0.00284189498052001, -0.05992325767874718, -0.001924373907968402, 0.0008681775070726871, -0.020230650901794434, 0.015536187216639519, 0.01936567947268486, -0.01562858745455742, 0.033758655190467834, 0.003877704730257392, 0.0010842301417142153, 0.025598252192139626, -0.005670472979545593, -0.033339593559503555, 0.02216077782213688, 0.017821699380874634, -0.04802665859460831, 0.03810884431004524, 0.011040888726711273, -0.013810547068715096, 0.014129930175840855, -0.01743253692984581, -0.013535669073462486, 0.007683450821787119, -0.03427254408597946, 0.01867511309683323, -0.020173069089651108, 0.007207022048532963, -0.03209361806511879, -0.0006447235937230289, -0.018957849591970444, -0.0846453309059143, -0.0029770880937576294, 0.022067133337259293, 0.013656467199325562, -0.012304690666496754, -0.0027410800103098154, 0.05371527746319771, 0.017009181901812553, -0.01825319230556488, -0.008080953732132912, -0.026429513469338417, 0.001620151218958199, 0.005370079539716244, -0.029231207445263863, 0.001981088425964117, -0.00761012127622962, 0.035993535071611404, 0.016205765306949615, -0.02322905696928501, -0.060701899230480194, -0.015064027160406113, -0.05977129191160202, -0.01159499678760767, -0.04695538058876991, 0.04082997888326645, 0.04291486367583275, 0.0011623951140791178, 0.02075006067752838, -0.0022865142673254013, -0.008108343929052353, 0.005144644062966108, -0.05015895143151283, 0.04083976894617081, 0.03089931048452854, 0.0019434168934822083, 0.0512237586081028, -0.016566867008805275, 0.035669006407260895, -0.0009675151668488979, 0.039740532636642456, -0.0006276219501160085, 0.032099246978759766, -0.024545209482312202, -0.006462434306740761, -0.014263581484556198, -0.023841144517064095, 0.003530707908794284, -0.002389190485700965, 0.010595481842756271, 0.019363049417734146, 0.0024204489309340715, 0.003136570332571864, 0.01918186992406845, -0.01857360638678074, -0.02839667536318302, -0.020787861198186874, 0.004751089960336685, 0.032940223813056946, -0.010932701639831066, 0.029635854065418243, -0.08007638156414032, 0.04993902146816254, 0.026245808228850365, 0.0530792661011219, 0.037146370857954025, -0.00017748096433933824, -0.02770097367465496, -0.051322419196367264, -0.006139997858554125, 0.0025494743604213, -0.0024967973586171865, 0.04851450398564339, -0.036356836557388306, 0.060682304203510284, 0.010159053839743137, -0.008424561470746994, -0.009149984456598759, 0.038759876042604446, -0.0059758760035037994, 0.012273461557924747, -0.020640134811401367, -0.012933632358908653, 0.000774093612562865, 0.052149269729852676, 0.005303040146827698, 0.0003253815521020442, 0.01601649820804596, 0.010904399678111076, 0.051606789231300354, 0.010112857446074486, -0.0146714486181736, 0.03862037509679794, -0.0031506160739809275, 0.0360494926571846, 0.002072793198749423, -0.036916859447956085, -0.015593552961945534, 0.026054808869957924, 0.04129815101623535, 0.038170479238033295, -0.018204035237431526, -0.08307972550392151, -0.0212799534201622, 0.05493122339248657, 0.01869787834584713, -0.022571638226509094, 0.007598132360726595, -0.0304846353828907, -0.04018152877688408, -0.03918253630399704, -0.016511699184775352, 0.01500468235462904, -0.008071203716099262, 0.05186055600643158, -0.024437692016363144, -0.04539790377020836, -0.07564640045166016, 0.027341673150658607, -0.042569100856781006, 0.013974973000586033, 0.0038110974710434675, -0.04317978769540787, -0.034528493881225586, 0.02717428281903267, -0.012467734515666962, 0.040761351585388184, -0.04594278708100319, -0.008171096444129944, 0.0904599130153656, 0.0025175982154905796, -0.026739155873656273, -0.03618481010198593, 0.02791069820523262, -0.036596015095710754, 0.03295427933335304, 0.04619497060775757, 0.0033935741521418095, -0.007646404672414064, -0.010160866193473339, 0.026329107582569122, -0.01145104318857193, -0.006802057847380638, -0.009361490607261658, 0.042007263749837875, 0.0032501989044249058, -0.02610188163816929, 0.046455491334199905, 0.000546385592315346, 0.004795961547642946, -0.009203668683767319, -0.026532961055636406, -0.03486024588346481, -0.017326882109045982, -0.021840378642082214, -0.03986440971493721, 0.011996223591268063, -0.016118310391902924, 0.021595507860183716, -0.024891674518585205, 0.04014117270708084, -0.016619428992271423, -0.009699501097202301, 0.01162785291671753, 0.053156714886426926, -0.00179746700450778, -0.03154648840427399, -0.0027028662152588367, 0.02524980902671814, -0.006582475733011961, 0.002204849384725094, 0.012077824212610722, -0.02268679440021515, -0.008140897378325462, 0.011689890176057816, -0.054099515080451965, 0.0363890677690506, 0.004313446581363678, -0.02679118514060974, -0.00777514697983861, -0.02555183880031109, 0.030477534979581833, -0.00004939538848702796, -0.005143733229488134, -0.004313153214752674, -0.010107256472110748, -0.0072463140822947025, 0.031112462282180786, -0.04419706389307976, 0.024027079343795776, -0.023652713745832443, -0.009852842427790165, -0.023757953196763992, -0.0062790983356535435, -0.06755823642015457, -0.03360144421458244, 0.011284894309937954, -0.011192020028829575, 0.02467845380306244, -0.01578797958791256, -0.04811993986368179, 0.027225758880376816, -0.007538707461208105, 0.0337630994617939, 0.05215230956673622, -0.024914279580116272, 0.039166852831840515, -0.022104207426309586, 0.035623397678136826, 0.05801956355571747, 0.019613835960626602, -0.014340714551508427, 0.025689665228128433, -0.013168185018002987, -0.03154812753200531, 0.02397955395281315, -0.03390884026885033, -0.02613130956888199, 0.004698397126048803, -0.03493855148553848, 0.0359625369310379, 0.026020709425210953, 0.0068647656589746475, -0.025633376091718674, -0.007399734575301409, 0.004629833623766899, -0.0003703528200276196, -0.044449158012866974, -0.004248978104442358, -0.03984997794032097, -0.012062473222613335, -0.05219043418765068, -0.009506117552518845, -0.045638419687747955, -0.005146158393472433, 0.0619656927883625, -0.007668554317206144, -0.029085207730531693, 0.021938694640994072, 0.08462870121002197, -0.016896869987249374, -0.02196473814547062, 0.025782516226172447, -0.020836319774389267, 0.038658104836940765, -0.03168979659676552, 0.003284409875050187, 0.007931454107165337, 0.026713844388723373, -0.02233404852449894, -0.002154367743059993, -0.04919830709695816, -0.025324160233139992, 0.0294840969145298, 0.04879289120435715, 0.0194743312895298, 0.05125042423605919, -0.032171428203582764, -0.015005113556981087, -0.04834749549627304, 0.005210711155086756, 0.004988325294107199, 0.040865615010261536, 0.07704891264438629, -0.047812651842832565, 0.005327868741005659, 0.034385692328214645, 0.021705342456698418, 0.0006866104085929692, 0.027826692909002304, 0.017830880358815193, -0.002717476338148117, 0.01853192411363125, -0.028806304559111595, -0.06835965812206268, 0.0380135253071785, -0.0708601176738739, 0.037807829678058624, -0.03948108106851578, -0.020286554470658302, 0.01399379875510931, 0.06630504131317139, -0.0009380695410072803, -0.050603412091732025, -0.01970217563211918, -0.03934239223599434, 0.027194317430257797, 0.05578974634408951, 0.006958483252674341, 0.034648869186639786, -0.02030380815267563, 0.06037001684308052, -0.01888090744614601, 0.048783205449581146, -0.006658655125647783, -0.049478691071271896, -0.01184411533176899, 0.02077605202794075, -0.03185456991195679, 0.04803595319390297, -0.020425500348210335, 0.01422907691448927, 0.005283852107822895, -0.04786083102226257, -0.022834081202745438, -0.001679594162851572, 0.02674730308353901, 0.010780945420265198, 0.01869387924671173, 0.00780044449493289, 0.0009144846699200571, -0.028366856276988983, -0.023990018293261528, 0.17653995752334595, 0.03602258116006851, 0.028254669159650803, -0.04913653805851936, 0.0016048114048317075, 0.04433773458003998, 0.012195538729429245, -0.01348738931119442, -0.027013471350073814, 0.016972187906503677, 0.009115638211369514, 0.05178064852952957, 0.019904108718037605, 0.054606154561042786, -0.01966293342411518, 0.05866793543100357, 0.03908728435635567, -0.030168604105710983, 0.003380978014320135, 0.0002670811954885721, 0.044031545519828796, -0.0013219447573646903, -0.0512489378452301, 0.012727191671729088, 0.034607719630002975, -0.01149754412472248, -0.03535052761435509, 0.013120203278958797, -0.04001593217253685, 0.012452340684831142, 0.004034112207591534, 0.0029271466191858053, 0.007775230333209038, 0.005972629878669977, 0.0024569418746978045, -0.03246340528130531, 0.00783511158078909, -0.03248410299420357, -0.0015116563299670815, 0.06687334924936295, -0.01337476633489132, -0.009313331916928291, 0.003393543418496847, 0.026860367506742477, -0.008992225863039494, -0.03825555369257927, -0.015731330960989, 0.05708661302924156, -0.018373088911175728, -0.020895952358841896, 0.005170181859284639, 0.005740223918110132, 0.012228422798216343, -0.023850170895457268, 0.006399362813681364, 0.018573928624391556, 0.025231344625353813, -0.007167831528931856, -0.0076959566213190556, -0.0013720690039917827, 0.010637685656547546, 0.007822400890290737, 0.009823253378272057, 0.03796810656785965, 0.00743568129837513, -0.022224444895982742, -0.0235745832324028, 0.05541396141052246, -0.00303603895008564, 0.0330042764544487, 0.017219573259353638, -0.011045826599001884, -0.026205163449048996, -0.0018212009454146028, 0.010249939747154713, 0.03100394830107689, 0.0251941941678524, -0.003216500161215663, -0.011212809011340141, -0.052404120564460754, -0.04277453199028969, 0.000046167104301275685, -0.04444301500916481, 0.007643460296094418, -0.021472714841365814, -0.017528969794511795, -0.022014550864696503, 0.05372967571020126, 0.0246175117790699, 0.006841868627816439, -0.012363639660179615, 0.05225086584687233, -0.027550416067242622, -0.028180094435811043, -0.010976403951644897, -0.006332791410386562, -0.022576872259378433, -0.015618822537362576, 0.009264296852052212, 0.060540176928043365, -0.022930089384317398, 0.012093640863895416, -0.01087017823010683, 0.05209916830062866, -0.014986155554652214, -0.0016601248644292355, 0.018110241740942, -0.04455115273594856, 0.0004303796449676156, -0.0026272395625710487, -0.011249911040067673, -0.06362201273441315, -0.02405783161520958, -0.023122232407331467, -0.009392687119543552, 0.016276640817523003, -0.04092201218008995, -0.007510010153055191, -0.020351411774754524, 0.00958781223744154, -0.008345256559550762, -0.018275510519742966, 0.03550209105014801, -0.026485925540328026, -0.038525767624378204, -0.0008657144499011338, -0.012695222161710262, -0.0045418161898851395, -0.015566463582217693, 0.003085891716182232, -0.014229904860258102, 0.041450344026088715, -0.008242037147283554, -0.006588229443877935, -0.008243435993790627, 0.013556651771068573, 0.04375256597995758, 0.0656793862581253, 0.013879691250622272, -0.017638463526964188, 0.018366290256381035, -0.049868229776620865, -0.021415818482637405, 0.015095234848558903, 0.0008269423269666731, -0.0007853609859012067, 0.003794711083173752, 0.032500218600034714, -0.014124025590717793, 0.011573482304811478, -0.04959278926253319, -0.03455445542931557, -0.03323330730199814, -0.01589810661971569, 0.008078773505985737, 0.010062113404273987, 0.0159519761800766, 0.0222613587975502, -0.010320628993213177, 0.030627766624093056, 0.055777229368686676, 0.024435902014374733, 0.03191240876913071, 0.04209866374731064, -0.030819816514849663, 0.015120510943233967, 0.0160667821764946, 0.002075719414278865, -0.031783588230609894, 0.06085904315114021, -0.028057964518666267, 0.028385573998093605, -0.05751384049654007, 0.014457897283136845, -0.0646439716219902, -0.02631928212940693, -0.0062740459106862545, -0.0013103190576657653, 0.023510392755270004, -0.02245132252573967, 0.025177771225571632, -0.008503311313688755, -0.027368340641260147, 0.007492423988878727, 0.011897021904587746, -0.011271021328866482, -0.03244350478053093, 0.004433031193912029, -0.058960720896720886, -0.005334221292287111, 0.009318958967924118, -0.010764015838503838, 0.04683045670390129, 0.00811922550201416, -0.0154386842623353, -0.039084091782569885, 0.02257336489856243, 0.007987312972545624, 0.03323126584291458, -0.028491072356700897, 0.029736053198575974, -0.03191666677594185, 0.010549584403634071, 0.05183637514710426, -0.0069474414922297, 0.04945993423461914, -0.00018891380750574172, 0.07811469584703445, 0.02527783066034317, 0.06364506483078003, 0.03654050827026367, 0.009971337392926216, 0.029277103021740913, -0.0026335297152400017, 0.024543745443224907, 0.02353408932685852, -0.047746442258358, 0.02766950987279415, 0.01959960162639618, 0.010491098277270794, -0.021060653030872345, 0.028003647923469543, -0.027464084327220917, -0.034345515072345734, -0.0423598475754261, 0.010452712886035442, -0.04979260638356209, -0.05231819301843643, -0.017249610275030136, -0.02558147720992565, -0.005798639729619026, 0.006226116791367531, 0.053435176610946655, -0.0342102013528347, -0.0037319473922252655, -0.007532333489507437, 0.003288762643933296, -0.005594170652329922, -0.0037703532725572586, 0.01252529863268137, -0.03990626707673073, -0.04129382222890854, -0.056738559156656265, 0.052574411034584045, -0.005370531231164932, -0.0006686061387881637, -0.05254743993282318, 0.006017403211444616, -0.03478978946805, 0.0035261474549770355, 0.016839494928717613, -0.014257312752306461, 0.02990862913429737, -0.0873306393623352, 0.04921354725956917, -0.001165182562544942, -0.023563522845506668, -0.04750915244221687, -0.01631886139512062, -0.016716796904802322, 0.017521703615784645, 0.04456106200814247, 0.031801123172044754, -0.020461155101656914, 0.03336029872298241, 0.03561939671635628, 0.013638823293149471, -0.02043069340288639, 0.02967352792620659, -0.006287138909101486, 0.0036552497185766697, -0.03257569670677185, 0.0047249700874090195, -0.019408592954277992, -0.006251479499042034, 0.013491494581103325, 0.010545793920755386, -0.006537230219691992, -0.032332051545381546, -0.04047859087586403, 0.04681837186217308, 0.012402775697410107, -0.00288156745955348, 0.027606671676039696, -0.021407339721918106, 0.014109650626778603, 0.031137043610215187, -0.023532025516033173, -0.07581279426813126, 0.05285123363137245, -0.01691601239144802, -0.02213350497186184, -0.002583774970844388, 0.013535085134208202, 0.01365015096962452, -0.05911095812916756, -0.002415727125480771, -0.011395316570997238, -0.01426894310861826, -0.005813784897327423, 0.017982564866542816, 0.029066452756524086, 0.054997868835926056, -0.033799391239881516, 0.017510991543531418, -0.019309494644403458, 0.035850320011377335, -0.009609588421881199, 0.007363160140812397, -0.003155444748699665, 0.011143816635012627, 0.0015326031716540456, 0.03446020558476448, -0.024480758234858513, 0.03451807051897049, -0.03670718893408775, 0.026722408831119537, -0.01307260524481535, -0.008830825798213482, 0.019012533128261566, 0.005458294879645109, -0.005123350769281387, 0.009778150357306004, -0.013014226220548153, 0.04053991287946701, -0.08042346686124802, -0.0007188303861767054, -0.010483057238161564, -0.03458969295024872, 0.00587662635371089, 0.013959753327071667, 0.011965674348175526, 0.008851205930113792, 0.023960094898939133, -0.0021137353032827377, -0.020793434232473373, -0.020725194364786148, 0.040622778236866, -0.0066853901371359825, 0.0043966812081635, 0.03283762186765671, 0.033886734396219254, -0.02988656610250473, -0.029847552999854088, 0.004849107936024666, -0.013081195764243603, 0.03704216331243515, 0.01946108788251877, 0.005198860075324774, -0.05699598044157028, -0.04123266413807869, 0.006646865047514439, 0.05093885585665703, -0.03286909684538841, -0.018861744552850723, -0.044009268283843994, -0.018438147380948067, 0.008589266799390316, -0.004264933988451958 ]
<p>I have a set of <strong>Observation Symbol Sequences</strong> which I have to <strong>test</strong> against a set of Trained HMM classifiers. I seem to understand the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_probability" rel="nofollow">advantages</a> of using Log Probability over regular probabilities.</p> <p>In the <strong>testing phase</strong> of a HMM classifier, I don't seem to get the <strong>motivation behind multiplying probabilities or adding log probabilities</strong> in determining the class of the observed observation test sequence.</p> <p>Why do we have to multiply or add probabilities? Can't we just determine probability or log probability of a <strong>Single Observation Symbol Sequence</strong> using Forward algorithm?</p>
35,490
[ -0.008578476496040821, -0.03178247809410095, 0.00227253302000463, -0.022438155487179756, 0.0004945911350660026, 0.014771677553653717, 0.01745440810918808, 0.016737626865506172, 0.014080275781452656, 0.012281282804906368, 0.022617191076278687, 0.032594356685876846, 0.04390714317560196, 0.006331648677587509, 0.02353629842400551, 0.014824546873569489, -0.01574590988457203, -0.011394696310162544, -0.008248316124081612, 0.033563535660505295, -0.027432795614004135, 0.02997835911810398, 0.04626264423131943, -0.012672781012952328, 0.011325765401124954, 0.05551186949014664, 0.0062360395677387714, -0.011258934624493122, 0.05260492116212845, 0.0613357350230217, -0.022036083042621613, -0.006082803476601839, -0.0026422941591590643, 0.0652383416891098, 0.020339664071798325, 0.014822813682258129, -0.029525544494390488, 0.00578337162733078, -0.0329495407640934, 0.02914280816912651, -0.02814539149403572, -0.009590798057615757, 0.027433419600129128, 0.051967013627290726, 0.005747342016547918, 0.03588858246803284, -0.06206057220697403, -0.009872549213469028, 0.022945266216993332, -0.04630652815103531, 0.024064261466264725, -0.03915152698755264, 0.05646273493766785, 0.05318448320031166, 0.00721801957115531, -0.0015704063698649406, 0.06783687323331833, 0.11104004830121994, 0.01804080419242382, -0.031040078029036522, -0.012907006777822971, -0.020162571221590042, 0.006866436917334795, -0.02888227254152298, -0.025414494797587395, 0.008449733257293701, -0.0005285238148644567, -0.02093694917857647, 0.013814950361847878, 0.008568326011300087, 0.014551808126270771, -0.015380298718810081, 0.0775868222117424, -0.02106349915266037, 0.009964053519070148, -0.014612061902880669, -0.0036623142659664154, 0.030996914952993393, 0.03521314263343811, 0.03721291944384575, 0.016642948612570763, 0.008564609102904797, 0.0093222139403224, 0.04859998822212219, -0.0048504662699997425, -0.04805324226617813, 0.04765092581510544, -0.0046410332433879375, 0.01209100242704153, -0.0044555943459272385, 0.01628044992685318, 0.003657578956335783, 0.029174640774726868, -0.0067560505121946335, -0.007959280163049698, 0.042306121438741684, -0.020779279991984367, 0.027973415330052376, 0.028284160420298576, 0.025083152577280998, 0.005668070167303085, -0.058651383966207504, 0.013349981978535652, 0.04670083150267601, -0.04248734936118126, 0.023681337013840675, -0.02282620407640934, 0.017917659133672714, -0.014500618912279606, -0.03822747617959976, -0.033303190022706985, 0.012449732050299644, 0.008062213659286499, 0.02099381573498249, -0.024569997563958168, -0.03315994143486023, -0.019775038585066795, -0.0032306774519383907, 0.020300347357988358, 0.017419684678316116, 0.03677361458539963, -0.01951364241540432, 0.016760990023612976, -0.04975927993655205, -0.048006780445575714, 0.007512655109167099, 0.011513651348650455, 0.000971712579485029, -0.026029415428638458, 0.06287328898906708, -0.0012795580551028252, -0.03339999169111252, 0.044914454221725464, 0.036826055496931076, 0.014357350766658783, -0.005840490572154522, -0.09426388144493103, -0.015396567061543465, 0.06136971339583397, 0.0010212990455329418, 0.01663028635084629, -0.08906686305999756, 0.007383056450635195, 0.08543796837329865, 0.059759508818387985, -0.004796026740223169, 0.0492207296192646, 0.015155364759266376, -0.0006856463151052594, 0.028870582580566406, -0.05607687309384346, -0.01400633342564106, -0.06048937141895294, 0.007928302511572838, -0.022617125883698463, -0.09228295087814331, 0.005333148408681154, -0.00022035042638890445, -0.02462593838572502, -0.03994711488485336, 0.012738778255879879, 0.00346132880076766, -0.012586558237671852, -0.018837353214621544, -0.029439086094498634, -0.05562024936079979, 0.096856489777565, 0.021775100380182266, 0.014604374766349792, 0.012169882655143738, -0.027676595374941826, 0.014234666712582111, -0.0030509827192872763, 0.057532068341970444, 0.07326295226812363, -0.0383022166788578, -0.024478565901517868, -0.024073010310530663, 0.060887034982442856, -0.014638951048254967, -0.008623755536973476, -0.03013576567173004, -0.018295366317033768, -0.004771913401782513, -0.005007509142160416, -0.004453897476196289, 0.01482880674302578, 0.012465618550777435, 0.04091724008321762, -0.03645552694797516, -0.07129264622926712, -0.039023153483867645, 0.02261786162853241, -0.015641558915376663, -0.03278874233365059, 0.06054183095693588, 0.008214673958718777, 0.03011009842157364, -0.02390776202082634, -0.027879249304533005, -0.060614828020334244, -0.035779356956481934, 0.011097312904894352, -0.04350251704454422, -0.007349214516580105, 0.03547443449497223, 0.0005628275102935731, -0.01568380929529667, 0.038363561034202576, -0.03605939447879791, -0.03784270957112312, 0.038474030792713165, -0.016522325575351715, -0.005123822018504143, -0.009474290534853935, -0.035761211067438126, 0.0037482629995793104, -0.006027692463248968, -0.030150815844535828, 0.03780720755457878, -0.043519940227270126, 0.06829365342855453, 0.0740947499871254, 0.006500931456685066, -0.008267073892056942, -0.0007218894315883517, -0.0059075504541397095, 0.004484947305172682, -0.01834564469754696, 0.03063351660966873, -0.05359472706913948, -0.028694579377770424, 0.024920767173171043, 0.007080590818077326, -0.0352974496781826, 0.011023220606148243, 0.048149436712265015, -0.00650630472227931, -0.020874328911304474, 0.04678265377879143, 0.0022473877761512995, -0.033826377242803574, -0.01269795186817646, 0.03432957082986832, 0.01817849837243557, -0.02246074005961418, 0.027418749406933784, 0.012962311506271362, 0.017635008320212364, -0.008520841598510742, -0.03479563817381859, 0.015557735227048397, -0.02550407685339451, 0.031044062227010727, -0.03615347295999527, -0.01099147368222475, 0.012574048712849617, -0.02973720245063305, 0.03954276815056801, 0.02539071813225746, 0.009358573704957962, 0.005617039278149605, -0.027460629120469093, -0.0204604621976614, -0.008173820562660694, 0.026081714779138565, -0.01855302043259144, -0.0251559317111969, 0.035900894552469254, -0.07218123227357864, 0.008930335752665997, -0.019844358786940575, -0.03769577294588089, -0.020305024459958076, 0.050148364156484604, 0.0435977429151535, -0.028997521847486496, 0.025520676746964455, -0.04012273997068405, -0.05126864090561867, -0.024510199204087257, -0.0277770534157753, 0.04426997900009155, 0.024745551869273186, -0.05818018689751625, -0.008608180098235607, -0.003175967838615179, -0.043676722794771194, 0.011682169511914253, -0.009488602168858051, -0.04113776236772537, -0.006201505661010742, 0.00016760897415224463, -0.02940206415951252, -0.05418619140982628, -0.02162441425025463, 0.01842127926647663, -0.004487715195864439, -0.009526785463094711, 0.05553503707051277, -0.012854828499257565, -0.023396428674459457, -0.01368994452059269, -0.06168681010603905, -0.022580431774258614, -0.0353376641869545, -0.022907406091690063, 0.0015941222663968801, -0.041931409388780594, 0.02943967841565609, 0.026680737733840942, -0.03958860784769058, -0.034695226699113846, -0.043353501707315445, -0.04156899452209473, 0.027231991291046143, 0.03153523430228233, 0.029543256387114525, -0.00819005910307169, -0.027285845950245857, 0.061681006103754044, 0.03292495384812355, -0.04178857058286667, -0.030960414558649063, 0.023656416684389114, -0.0411946102976799, -0.05082191526889801, -0.00756218982860446, -0.0060204449109733105, -0.03178201988339424, 0.053841859102249146, 0.011308707296848297, -0.012043452821671963, 0.05451464280486107, 0.005294667556881905, -0.006402584258466959, 0.007177961524575949, -0.010123571380972862, -0.005006201099604368, 0.059412773698568344, 0.017286021262407303, -0.0063317567110061646, -0.002949654357507825, 0.005860612727701664, 0.006137598771601915, 0.007863448932766914, -0.022486787289381027, 0.05267300084233284, -0.0018761692335829139, -0.012446495704352856, -0.02861850894987583, 0.0187288336455822, -0.004535125568509102, -0.01118890568614006, 0.01333861518651247, 0.011513103730976582, 0.014313778840005398, -0.062067028135061264, 0.008706304244697094, 0.007509477902203798, 0.06342709809541702, 0.0010816642316058278, -0.04648340493440628, -0.01949230581521988, -0.03789859637618065, 0.019510651007294655, -0.014904934912919998, 0.005278043914586306, 0.03260190039873123, 0.06959351152181625, 0.005894309375435114, -0.00529275368899107, -0.045038122683763504, -0.014059384353458881, -0.04933743178844452, -0.008534915745258331, -0.022059055045247078, 0.04747306555509567, 0.010400504805147648, 0.03146729618310928, -0.011662574484944344, -0.0317293256521225, 0.03290197253227234, 0.007098586764186621, -0.08013686537742615, 0.018676672130823135, 0.019157715141773224, -0.04273345321416855, 0.03337757661938667, -0.04019070416688919, 0.04930396005511284, -0.04739578440785408, -0.015077877789735794, 0.014568054117262363, -0.004215222783386707, -0.06291312724351883, 0.020785311236977577, -0.017801377922296524, -0.00014748354442417622, -0.00888495147228241, 0.01649501733481884, 0.01531872060149908, -0.014213927090168, 0.02081742137670517, 0.036234479397535324, -0.019970275461673737, 0.004406119231134653, -0.0044606998562812805, 0.05564233660697937, -0.001980242319405079, 0.028201870620250702, 0.027440117672085762, 0.043526921421289444, -0.061710719019174576, 0.03576602414250374, 0.02635517157614231, 0.07101350277662277, 0.048602644354104996, 0.007266681641340256, -0.007459124084562063, -0.04013609141111374, -0.03703107312321663, 0.02084350772202015, 0.045050498098134995, -0.008339676074683666, -0.004368274938315153, 0.04748978838324547, 0.019541285932064056, -0.06270892173051834, 0.025476496666669846, 0.07034235447645187, -0.02803342230618, -0.025521621108055115, 0.015496105886995792, -0.017222106456756592, -0.008606858551502228, -0.0030227606184780598, 0.013519730418920517, 0.014304924756288528, 0.002447734819725156, 0.002060849918052554, 0.049005649983882904, -0.008570940233767033, -0.016308803111314774, 0.017066897824406624, 0.01882355660200119, 0.021359173581004143, 0.017973000183701515, -0.04390989989042282, 0.00009562112245475873, 0.034974824637174606, 0.007941417396068573, 0.0007947630947455764, 0.006074847187846899, -0.05049533024430275, 0.015539498068392277, 0.031158922240138054, 0.022076694294810295, -0.038146939128637314, -0.001761681167408824, -0.026322126388549805, -0.011314073577523232, 0.009607096202671528, -0.036429114639759064, 0.043389301747083664, -0.025996273383498192, 0.006026451475918293, -0.04591982066631317, 0.014082230627536774, -0.05937514081597328, 0.026196440681815147, -0.004607608076184988, 0.0009808281902223825, -0.023603621870279312, 0.019535250961780548, -0.04902356490492821, 0.0102801863104105, 0.0012663165107369423, 0.06794694066047668, -0.07532628625631332, -0.005337408743798733, 0.0030947355553507805, 0.0446399450302124, -0.019600359722971916, -0.05828598886728287, 0.007423328701406717, -0.03103676810860634, -0.012247320264577866, -0.006784467957913876, -0.031136665493249893, -0.06197959557175636, -0.007338921073824167, 0.011775667779147625, -0.03706107661128044, -0.022168142721056938, 0.021928492933511734, -0.014563682489097118, 0.03478331118822098, 0.004729319363832474, 0.066269651055336, 0.0027677309699356556, 0.0019952442962676287, 0.0292042326182127, -0.004185311496257782, 0.01644739881157875, -0.028570419177412987, 0.01007811538875103, -0.043451838195323944, 0.041824810206890106, -0.016500551253557205, 0.03436614200472832, 0.014044009149074554, 0.018754485994577408, -0.004270345438271761, -0.04152461141347885, -0.03726198896765709, 0.025287151336669922, -0.016582956537604332, 0.0048965574242174625, -0.0011513939825817943, 0.03145409747958183, -0.0354258269071579, 0.018693875521421432, 0.035964205861091614, -0.025061041116714478, 0.007546975743025541, -0.003678383305668831, -0.02320488542318344, 0.00288573931902647, -0.012153306975960732, -0.0122609231621027, 0.027434712275862694, 0.01319299265742302, 0.02283303812146187, 0.02658390998840332, 0.026461252942681313, 0.01264241337776184, -0.05185377225279808, -0.002845563692972064, -0.005652161780744791, -0.015403897501528263, 0.05718076229095459, -0.04869508743286133, 0.027233462780714035, 0.013110233470797539, -0.004548178054392338, -0.028335288166999817, -0.04062192887067795, -0.0012760446406900883, 0.03834909573197365, -0.044644374400377274, -0.011461335234344006, -0.014570366591215134, 0.007071560714393854, -0.005712404381483793, -0.013208761811256409, 0.03940880671143532, 0.0064198654145002365, -0.009422468021512032, 0.038759682327508926, 0.026694508269429207, 0.06788922101259232, 0.013534675352275372, 0.024297188967466354, 0.03161634877324104, 0.0035583667922765017, -0.010995268821716309, 0.01076444797217846, 0.00450386106967926, -0.00966949388384819, -0.05080503970384598, -0.0067722792737185955, 0.028641721233725548, 0.02252352423965931, -0.003922576550394297, -0.013259352184832096, -0.008059944026172161, -0.0008248083177022636, 0.00915686134248972, -0.019217446446418762, -0.02050095982849598, 0.006362244952470064, 0.03906244412064552, -0.010854166932404041, 0.009210270829498768, -0.027425112202763557, 0.018558215349912643, 0.015331381000578403, 0.0027451389469206333, 0.031048590317368507, 0.01197186578065157, 0.027870291844010353, -0.016597062349319458, -0.002135814866051078, 0.023481862619519234, -0.03294958546757698, 0.04798619821667671, -0.010102422907948494, 0.015307947061955929, 0.02850876934826374, -0.0023782618809491396, -0.015198193490505219, -0.016464199870824814, -0.0143308499827981, -0.007008122745901346, 0.04861103743314743, 0.007978388108313084, 0.07095202803611755, 0.004530109465122223, -0.015750765800476074, 0.01961745135486126, 0.0017962853889912367, -0.04372238367795944, -0.010796972550451756, 0.013513275422155857, 0.02423601783812046, -0.008189564570784569, -0.007560984697192907, 0.017207099124789238, -0.011536075733602047, 0.04366559162735939, 0.023974860087037086, 0.02593955397605896, 0.022409824654459953, 0.03171311691403389, -0.012525802478194237, 0.007506227120757103, 0.054166436195373535, -0.061172861605882645, -0.02095741033554077, -0.014756177552044392, 0.019134873524308205, 0.05773770809173584, 0.010476114228367805, -0.0160110704600811, -0.044483721256256104, -0.006375905126333237, -0.046707041561603546, 0.002352261682972312, 0.01189054548740387, 0.008618769235908985, 0.04976924881339073, -0.03753779083490372, 0.03009653650224209, 0.017799485474824905, 0.02803267538547516, -0.03887541964650154, -0.09088291227817535, -0.05157039687037468, -0.002681293524801731, -0.04706278443336487, 0.04360077530145645, 0.004035526420921087, -0.05909043550491333, 0.005658905021846294, 0.005760230123996735, 0.06290300190448761, 0.0321480929851532, 0.062011510133743286, -0.0328357070684433, 0.07099372893571854, 0.007533527445048094, 0.04790189489722252, 0.010425628162920475, -0.041591890156269073, 0.11768482625484467, 0.06964990496635437, 0.03553151711821556, -0.08686456829309464, 0.012762270867824554, -0.01737160235643387, 0.023581495508551598, -0.04440447688102722, 0.03294596076011658, 0.05382690951228142, 0.012780890800058842, -0.010633907280862331, 0.02230686880648136, -0.022062726318836212, -0.02643922157585621, 0.03712308034300804, -0.04783376306295395, -0.021492090076208115, 0.03803950175642967, -0.007740265689790249, -0.014325558207929134, 0.009465081617236137, -0.05100039392709732, -0.0160440094769001, 0.05571555346250534, -0.015877416357398033, 0.004079894162714481, -0.03553706780076027, 0.016612177714705467, 0.004895538557320833, 0.0030591622926294804, 0.015096134506165981, 0.01889292523264885, 0.017348619177937508, -0.01407768577337265, -0.001634277869015932, -0.023747911676764488, -0.002143123419955373, 0.008148981258273125, 0.02480301633477211, 0.032357357442379, -0.015360800549387932, 0.024050699546933174, 0.012830911204218864, -0.03255802020430565, -0.0163063146173954, -0.04021672159433365, 0.06964193284511566, -0.0170939639210701, 0.007505819667130709, -0.01311003603041172, -0.00849516224116087, -0.021155953407287598, -0.02633628249168396, 0.007056156639009714, 0.02309395559132099, 0.025121264159679413, -0.02226843871176243, -0.051081784069538116, -0.0575958676636219, 0.013746238313615322, 0.010902339592576027, 0.044870562851428986, 0.004963276442140341, -0.038164954632520676, -0.006438762880861759, -0.03593523055315018, -0.0013135385233908892, 0.023425186052918434, 0.004189943894743919, -0.009088718332350254, 0.0198981910943985, -0.06707997620105743, -0.04578346386551857, 0.0030759815126657486, -0.040984172374010086, 0.03450683504343033, 0.01797843724489212, -0.004318088758736849, 0.023225663229823112, -0.017332354560494423, -0.010883298702538013, -0.0438365712761879, -0.010255638509988785, -0.033005014061927795, -0.01237820740789175, 0.018592504784464836, 0.012890074402093887, 0.034237734973430634, 0.014028153382241726, 0.009984614327549934, 0.02274295873939991, -0.013472111895680428, -0.06682316213846207, -0.0315091535449028, 0.033009178936481476, -0.04496130719780922, -0.0072223530150949955, 0.008915598504245281, 0.03229162096977234, 0.016744637861847878, 0.016137095168232918, -0.011211415752768517, 0.02815190516412258, -0.0011109429178759456, -0.029617242515087128, 0.002448685932904482, -0.026741988956928253, 0.0036616164725273848, -0.009548247791826725, 0.009566690772771835, -0.048980940133333206, -0.03975941240787506, -0.02571631409227848, 0.004382409621030092, 0.03598218038678169, -0.009510351344943047, -0.03491479158401489, 0.01724979467689991, -0.056238848716020584, 0.016236839815974236, 0.017464490607380867, 0.0061697401106357574, -0.007546285632997751, 0.002832121681421995, -0.025896938517689705, -0.02178826555609703, -0.013156038708984852, 0.005128534510731697, -0.002213389379903674, -0.035452596843242645, 0.05050516501069069, 0.036557622253894806, 0.030026545748114586, -0.01880861446261406, 0.0189672764390707, -0.03751102089881897, 0.03594033047556877, -0.019025888293981552, -0.01209276169538498, 0.02697528712451458, -0.01653425581753254, -0.03687012568116188, 0.039269592612981796, 0.017479930073022842, 0.032572828233242035, 0.02919890731573105, 0.021334433928132057, -0.023152567446231842, 0.01303423848003149, -0.03427306190133095, -0.01052329782396555, 0.002388521796092391, 0.013553479686379433, -0.020850516855716705, 0.028445029631257057, 0.00814274325966835, 0.006474095396697521, 0.015037006698548794, 0.002235113177448511, 0.038220036774873734, 0.010725024156272411, 0.004018865991383791, 0.015038181096315384, 0.018996043130755424, 0.05687306448817253, 0.01176862046122551, 0.02263660542666912, 0.024754950776696205, 0.02359028346836567, -0.024610675871372223, 0.02052893675863743, -0.011466547846794128, -0.0038660303689539433, -0.07500924915075302, 0.010791867971420288, 0.029802918434143066, 0.006347390823066235, 0.05287892743945122, -0.05107558146119118, -0.010650220327079296, 0.04461722448468208, -0.02697889693081379, -0.0064445724710822105, -0.001998784253373742, -0.001801770064048469, -0.052786413580179214, -0.005749255418777466, -0.006991991773247719, 0.04716915264725685, 0.028242837637662888, -0.001046934979967773, 0.03579460456967354, -0.008189979009330273, -0.013104023411870003, -0.004722589626908302, -0.07778383046388626, 0.04054120555520058, 0.003749328665435314, -0.030657868832349777, 0.06963347643613815, -0.043501075357198715, -0.029003145173192024, 0.01664423756301403, -0.01304906327277422, -0.00047874890151433647, 0.041711293160915375, 0.03452664241194725, 0.01412137970328331, 0.028001701459288597, 0.030644148588180542, -0.04643926024436951, 0.008526376448571682, 0.04267948865890503, 0.04167517274618149, 0.006916069891303778, -0.02876339852809906, -0.027124829590320587, 0.015616916120052338, -0.021069874987006187, -0.05083519592881203, 0.03732029348611832, -0.004204566590487957, 0.004640157334506512, -0.005228410474956036, -0.007866869680583477, -0.01710849069058895, -0.03132452815771103, -0.0022101665381342173, -0.03257431462407112, 0.008341853506863117, 0.0003215782344341278, 0.025007499381899834, -0.0017920678947120905, -0.00874509196728468, -0.014152341522276402, -0.04192392900586128, 0.026214374229311943, -0.010597700253129005, -0.00033646298106759787, -0.05359169840812683, 0.025236964225769043, 0.03189262002706528, -0.03444483131170273, 0.0016686799935996532, 0.007107539102435112, -0.02729613520205021, 0.07794907689094543, -0.029495326802134514, 0.0752028375864029, 0.002344898646697402, -0.006260646972805262, -0.015649588778614998, -0.07535699754953384, 0.08460266888141632, -0.0014057077933102846, -0.006969664245843887, -0.03718795254826546, 0.013086460530757904, -0.0000679095828672871, 0.011282525956630707, 0.051356181502342224, 0.0032256569247692823, -0.007118540816009045, -0.020459836348891258, 0.03628308326005936, -0.020472541451454163, -0.01830541528761387, 0.00525718554854393, -0.04136141017079353, -0.02347230352461338, -0.01914944499731064, -0.051234375685453415, -0.005894979927688837, 0.02021007239818573, 0.009351926855742931, -0.048977337777614594, -0.016362469643354416, -0.02030959725379944, -0.026058102026581764, 0.031961821019649506, 0.009704058058559895, 0.014603718183934689, 0.03265967592597008, -0.023104067891836166, 0.0024776882492005825, 0.015207202173769474, -0.029818246141076088, -0.0650300607085228, 0.034357327967882156, -0.02385091967880726, -0.049937766045331955, 0.012499832548201084, 0.032488659024238586, 0.01937318593263626, -0.00645258417353034, -0.008714930154383183, 0.027412867173552513, -0.05209773778915405, 0.022098300978541374, 0.04835701733827591, 0.018249817192554474, 0.05127735435962677, -0.011563300155103207, 0.04539303481578827, 0.00997365452349186, -0.026109345257282257, -0.031181519851088524, 0.017793329432606697, 0.011031750589609146, -0.021399924531579018, 0.023210076615214348, -0.003396619576960802, 0.0006216925685293972, 0.029919788241386414, 0.005841629579663277, 0.05491480231285095, -0.04523342847824097, 0.0025149499997496605, -0.0032600313425064087, -0.007468315307050943, 0.015447706915438175, -0.005066955927759409, -0.010691909119486809, 0.053297918289899826, -0.02918975241482258, 0.0060808793641626835, -0.018134592100977898, -0.017459170892834663, -0.0008311828714795411, -0.03511229157447815, 0.011093983426690102, -0.0010898264590650797, -0.018301907926797867, 0.052645493298769, 0.021511781960725784, 0.008081466890871525, 0.03295981138944626, -0.0327710323035717, 0.007649105042219162, 0.011183636263012886, -0.020172132179141045, 0.014796588569879532, -0.013674953021109104, -0.02329910732805729, 0.005449642892926931, -0.005237910430878401, 0.04049112647771835, 0.002030382165685296, 0.00894208624958992, -0.058128535747528076, -0.028077801689505577, 0.03789052367210388, -0.015079754404723644, 0.04154183715581894, -0.08784018456935883, 0.03847379982471466, 0.042729221284389496, -0.0348501019179821 ]
<p>Good morning</p> <p>I searched regarding change in variance over time, but everything I saw was about relatively long time series. I have a series of 5 time points, equally spaced, but with different people missing at each time point. There are about 15 variables I am interested in, all medical things like levels of glucose and blood pressure and so on.</p> <p>For modeling, I am using a multilevel model; but plotting the data shows that for some variables, the variance declines. Medically, this is a good thing. Several of the variables are bad if they are too low or too high. But how can I test this change in variance? And might this lead to a way of distinguishing the amount of change I am seeing from regression to the mean?</p>
74,104
[ -0.036277785897254944, 0.015631357207894325, -0.005070279818028212, -0.029063953086733818, 0.06261052191257477, 0.0036164189223200083, -0.034498944878578186, -0.029670391231775284, 0.028813092038035393, -0.025252031162381172, 0.025382541120052338, 0.0362090989947319, 0.05869753286242485, -0.001042557880282402, 0.03778062015771866, -0.007891842164099216, -0.03274592384696007, -0.009729406796395779, -0.01855497620999813, 0.0047526247799396515, -0.022760581225156784, -0.02055741474032402, 0.0320516973733902, -0.03058280609548092, -0.05653343349695206, 0.03317587077617645, 0.0393630750477314, -0.040966082364320755, 0.002576530212536454, 0.048504628241062164, -0.03651908412575722, -0.017630308866500854, -0.010395829565823078, 0.01895708031952381, 0.014648297801613808, -0.0035021130461245775, -0.022790055721998215, -0.05683312937617302, 0.019007323309779167, 0.04721829667687416, -0.0274808406829834, -0.02714337594807148, -0.024402882903814316, 0.02343229204416275, -0.03246866911649704, -0.016140928491950035, 0.009824506007134914, 0.013918540440499783, 0.05434953048825264, -0.037051890045404434, 0.08476681262254715, -0.013833231292665005, 0.0707378163933754, 0.01436526421457529, -0.027150800451636314, -0.009025284089148045, 0.04169085621833801, 0.045511629432439804, 0.0017486544093117118, -0.049540694802999496, -0.013969090767204762, 0.0014349243137985468, 0.01412548404186964, -0.014067902229726315, -0.026021873578429222, 0.009523742832243443, -0.03407936170697212, -0.025363268330693245, 0.038332827389240265, -0.027761472389101982, 0.04029695689678192, 0.04460150748491287, 0.031120145693421364, -0.0009738529333844781, -0.012256727553904057, -0.02470371127128601, 0.03331942856311798, 0.010670624673366547, 0.032804980874061584, 0.05616708844900131, -0.012065310962498188, -0.0025021617766469717, 0.030125275254249573, -0.019008509814739227, 0.007474439684301615, -0.00796559639275074, 0.053860921412706375, -0.023360958322882652, 0.0013778458815068007, 0.030330585315823555, -0.02382182702422142, -0.0005483288550749421, 0.03964715451002121, 0.0408201739192009, -0.07980440557003021, 0.023898988962173462, -0.019053282216191292, 0.013894930481910706, 0.02564416453242302, 0.02844255603849888, 0.00787306297570467, -0.025931186974048615, 0.023476799950003624, 0.029530635103583336, -0.045085519552230835, -0.01890752464532852, 0.003903048811480403, -0.027486072853207588, -0.022507043555378914, -0.012433953583240509, -0.03000897914171219, -0.012886392883956432, 0.010344654321670532, -0.0156999621540308, 0.04297224059700966, 0.010132757015526295, -0.02812536619603634, -0.02728661336004734, 0.08351168036460876, 0.0865841880440712, 0.045973990112543106, -0.021993223577737808, 0.0345899872481823, -0.01978711597621441, -0.008000635541975498, 0.03327047824859619, 0.016178706660866737, -0.023993050679564476, -0.03301596641540527, 0.08242034912109375, 0.012001881375908852, -0.03056073561310768, 0.029196808114647865, -0.020607946440577507, 0.07029853761196136, 0.011725040152668953, -0.08799178153276443, -0.07397908717393875, 0.015216581523418427, -0.002116905990988016, 0.017022592946887016, -0.03727126866579056, -0.006042457651346922, -0.0002110574278049171, 0.03776910901069641, 0.04081812873482704, -0.0031931891571730375, -0.014227518811821938, 0.03056504763662815, 0.019348904490470886, -0.030297907069325447, -0.013807656243443489, 0.008484338410198689, 0.011089549399912357, 0.023509440943598747, -0.11438455432653427, -0.020786227658391, 0.04364464059472084, -0.015980014577507973, 0.003917551599442959, 0.029993953183293343, 0.0023892491590231657, -0.040271125733852386, -0.010773865506052971, -0.007510263938456774, 0.0008878737571649253, 0.0674596056342125, -0.014100663363933563, -0.009655934758484364, 0.009247539564967155, 0.035612646490335464, 0.020875699818134308, -0.008121747523546219, 0.07438650727272034, 0.015887711197137833, 0.011934369802474976, 0.012310633435845375, 0.03760834410786629, -0.01248327735811472, 0.017756886780261993, -0.040622226893901825, -0.004258858971297741, -0.02323858253657818, -0.014317485503852367, 0.00661676237359643, 0.04926323518157005, -0.041708752512931824, -0.006332089193165302, 0.03195292875170708, -0.07998237013816833, -0.03785881772637367, -0.0556219257414341, -0.006426901090890169, -0.006324640475213528, 0.003993096761405468, 0.0036082735750824213, 0.018205273896455765, 0.031042559072375298, -0.028029970824718475, -0.023527268320322037, -0.012056983076035976, -0.017006102949380875, 0.04020603746175766, -0.0486115999519825, -0.007314163725823164, 0.013017602264881134, 0.04129725322127342, -0.00924772210419178, 0.03496889770030975, -0.06905833631753922, -0.013587290421128273, 0.02237633801996708, -0.06254325807094574, -0.008045467548072338, 0.007577139884233475, -0.00816784892231226, 0.01618279330432415, -0.03304676339030266, -0.019863005727529526, 0.04007042944431305, -0.02880588173866272, 0.04321146383881569, 0.04402938857674599, -0.023824315518140793, 0.003886782331392169, 0.009528130292892456, 0.021593932062387466, -0.004650366958230734, -0.040692850947380066, -0.03530574589967728, -0.049229007214307785, -0.009637321345508099, -0.000981868477538228, 0.0010007338132709265, -0.00734391575679183, 0.04027310386300087, 0.07364380359649658, 0.03910720348358154, 0.011770226061344147, 0.02120261639356613, 0.019233139231801033, 0.002112806076183915, 0.005046583712100983, 0.006730442401021719, 0.0003003931778948754, 0.03739922121167183, 0.011582274921238422, -0.004050232470035553, 0.020655322819948196, 0.0045667244121432304, 0.013045948930084705, -0.00475395517423749, 0.02324311062693596, 0.021266072988510132, -0.028637845069169998, -0.019300619140267372, 0.03441831097006798, 0.0060418895445764065, -0.013950200751423836, 0.032944053411483765, 0.0008240448660217226, 0.0008265350479632616, -0.015534376725554466, -0.021738186478614807, 0.03816340118646622, 0.06031893566250801, -0.016702592372894287, 0.00033915869425982237, 0.012276964262127876, -0.021401070058345795, 0.026506615802645683, -0.018048634752631187, -0.01959904283285141, -0.0519554428756237, -0.004669509828090668, -0.005886130500584841, 0.019493166357278824, 0.017621546983718872, -0.003404038492590189, -0.009018149226903915, 0.022993404418230057, -0.00551919499412179, 0.04472062364220619, 0.012746637687087059, -0.03645914047956467, -0.004235649481415749, -0.00040090750553645194, -0.005356367211788893, 0.04535969719290733, -0.029998453333973885, 0.019113726913928986, 0.06452658027410507, -0.004523381125181913, -0.054417189210653305, -0.032835703343153, -0.006483324803411961, 0.010562398470938206, 0.007765051908791065, -0.031724896281957626, 0.04143103212118149, -0.011738545261323452, -0.02690494991838932, 0.019354198127985, -0.06845968961715698, 0.0003711295430548489, -0.07580092549324036, -0.007141874637454748, 0.004188055172562599, 0.014706059359014034, 0.007583896163851023, 0.029979251325130463, -0.021373271942138672, 0.011990810744464397, -0.0620400570333004, -0.06941008567810059, 0.028693746775388718, -0.0032944607082754374, 0.036358896642923355, -0.044549692422151566, -0.03840463608503342, 0.07031115144491196, 0.05051392689347267, -0.03170551732182503, -0.04767835512757301, 0.008553585968911648, -0.029619663953781128, -0.03547435998916626, 0.04857849329710007, 0.03706242889165878, 0.0067176781594753265, 0.01908070035278797, -0.010586442425847054, 0.04620830714702606, 0.034603048115968704, 0.0014682894106954336, 0.01610100455582142, 0.0024455904494971037, -0.012348014861345291, 0.011739389970898628, 0.026733115315437317, -0.012137491255998611, -0.03939347341656685, -0.011593515984714031, -0.0040978011675179005, 0.01954258419573307, 0.011491048149764538, -0.03623143211007118, 0.010408787056803703, -0.0377158597111702, -0.005487172398716211, -0.039238810539245605, 0.024310892447829247, -0.01654766872525215, 0.005798265337944031, -0.007347045000642538, 0.032301172614097595, 0.024111345410346985, -0.013103136792778969, -0.005488048307597637, 0.04069982096552849, 0.022725386545062065, -0.0019498198525980115, 0.010186593048274517, -0.038151271641254425, -0.02132919244468212, 0.03186168149113655, -0.051023200154304504, -0.03584696725010872, 0.04714846611022949, 0.020670611411333084, 0.0116263497620821, 0.004030992276966572, -0.08886612951755524, 0.034404005855321884, -0.031700070947408676, 0.01461256667971611, 0.01984182558953762, 0.042696211487054825, 0.001364222844131291, 0.02083496004343033, 0.015907905995845795, -0.008214663714170456, 0.05080147832632065, -0.05303208902478218, -0.027682442218065262, 0.011874036863446236, -0.018365364521741867, 0.007260543294250965, -0.014342863112688065, 0.0026133358478546143, 0.03197694942355156, -0.016257159411907196, 0.02471797913312912, -0.006348796654492617, 0.04500848427414894, -0.03641001135110855, -0.0026187861803919077, -0.034818973392248154, -0.01510944776237011, -0.032062698155641556, -0.0023677910212427378, 0.02719743922352791, -0.007925326004624367, 0.011424043215811253, 0.009023009799420834, 0.00013030091940890998, -0.0459647998213768, -0.04403100907802582, -0.015513901598751545, 0.04375988245010376, 0.02366293966770172, 0.05175918713212013, 0.0028505839873105288, -0.05957425385713577, 0.0692610889673233, 0.014315320178866386, 0.016812441870570183, 0.024411998689174652, 0.02977602742612362, 0.0002101652353303507, -0.004046990070492029, -0.025805680081248283, 0.01480054296553135, -0.011398890987038612, 0.04900288209319115, -0.0015670860884711146, 0.033161990344524384, 0.02300284244120121, -0.08733798563480377, 0.020047999918460846, 0.0610344372689724, -0.0073959860019385815, 0.009149700403213501, -0.019668404012918472, -0.02165653370320797, 0.005082473158836365, -0.009812337346374989, 0.008093170821666718, 0.0010766219347715378, -0.008124204352498055, 0.00021604752691928297, 0.04477830231189728, -0.0256973747164011, -0.015480837784707546, -0.0035643947776407003, 0.019319960847496986, 0.032469235360622406, 0.0266139917075634, 0.00971900299191475, 0.04003356397151947, 0.012017378583550453, 0.025949710980057716, 0.041008688509464264, 0.017285529524087906, -0.0788099393248558, -0.00977720320224762, 0.047803740948438644, -0.006431275047361851, -0.022861497476696968, 0.004618476610630751, -0.013183300383388996, 0.0032533255871385336, 0.04327322915196419, -0.012910869903862476, 0.008849217556416988, 0.020744482055306435, -0.010089650750160217, -0.03404650092124939, -0.03701004385948181, -0.03655291721224785, 0.02022404596209526, -0.00008071886986726895, 0.043982814997434616, -0.038519490510225296, -0.018239572644233704, -0.0411958210170269, 0.02053016796708107, 0.008187203668057919, 0.09343011677265167, -0.02361704409122467, -0.0013377821305766702, 0.01118387095630169, 0.024146681651473045, -0.024568898603320122, -0.05138933286070824, 0.038752395659685135, 0.012256908230483532, -0.005586662795394659, 0.048942625522613525, 0.005789660383015871, -0.05933637171983719, -0.0316818431019783, -0.015578593127429485, -0.021687360480427742, 0.009085692465305328, -0.023495914414525032, 0.02962290123105049, 0.010602496564388275, 0.015675047412514687, 0.06832005828619003, 0.038431793451309204, 0.019971711561083794, 0.02600451000034809, -0.009196835570037365, 0.02393641322851181, -0.012370334006845951, -0.036521825939416885, -0.03366745635867119, -0.03958067297935486, -0.01595897227525711, 0.03737886622548103, -0.004332938697189093, 0.02777620032429695, -0.0369989238679409, -0.0014623512979596853, 0.02447371929883957, 0.056780967861413956, 0.019340187311172485, -0.004706668667495251, 0.01654028333723545, -0.004886845126748085, 0.008276340551674366, -0.02058408595621586, 0.03399122506380081, -0.005669848527759314, -0.003378329798579216, 0.004020092077553272, -0.03736191987991333, -0.02932368405163288, -0.024593742564320564, -0.030446363613009453, 0.00551177654415369, -0.007597640156745911, 0.0058022174052894115, -0.008850912563502789, 0.02272803708910942, -0.007524534128606319, -0.03132084384560585, -0.006737520452588797, 0.030708318576216698, -0.04459989815950394, 0.029465680941939354, -0.03629615157842636, 0.044929102063179016, -0.029843781143426895, 0.030901595950126648, -0.06754649430513382, -0.04865697771310806, 0.040232934057712555, 0.019199218600988388, -0.01873631775379181, -0.015457001514732838, -0.013254044577479362, -0.007411018945276737, -0.00693049281835556, -0.01865178346633911, 0.058839742094278336, -0.0219135545194149, 0.013210946694016457, -0.0043525234796106815, 0.0031282135751098394, 0.08722660690546036, -0.013376126997172832, -0.016570452600717545, 0.01549512054771185, -0.04627767577767372, -0.007359509821981192, 0.0023682762403041124, 0.011420784518122673, -0.03211985528469086, 0.004768461920320988, -0.030352488160133362, 0.01219881884753704, 0.030085058882832527, -0.03411300107836723, -0.00852230004966259, 0.00195438414812088, -0.03604093939065933, 0.03636769950389862, -0.039417564868927, 0.018083909526467323, -0.03638628125190735, 0.01181726437062025, -0.002576378406956792, 0.006801846902817488, 0.014701525680720806, -0.039225030690431595, 0.03194516897201538, 0.019151851534843445, 0.00230723456479609, 0.027166076004505157, 0.03955803066492081, 0.010038736276328564, -0.0154242729768157, 0.012026326730847359, -0.006698949262499809, 0.041040707379579544, 0.015922708436846733, -0.026539843529462814, -0.013219154439866543, 0.05569572001695633, -0.06487125903367996, -0.05577827990055084, -0.001232290524058044, -0.009147807955741882, 0.06006462126970291, -0.00021692540030926466, 0.046954311430454254, 0.06168556958436966, -0.010778920724987984, 0.0196328517049551, -0.04835611209273338, -0.007438982371240854, -0.004785147961229086, -0.01922306977212429, 0.039751894772052765, -0.013876471668481827, 0.051184333860874176, 0.022041577845811844, 0.0383654423058033, 0.005444654729217291, 0.07278001308441162, 0.007194838486611843, -0.004623319488018751, 0.041750144213438034, -0.024132700636982918, -0.048232462257146835, 0.02099897526204586, -0.04992957040667534, 0.018823690712451935, -0.05622592195868492, 0.02497836947441101, 0.02541186846792698, 0.058805759996175766, 0.006842995528131723, -0.021573485806584358, -0.011438805609941483, -0.08435624092817307, -0.0034416525159031153, 0.021482903510332108, -0.03910388424992561, 0.026482971385121346, 0.01751781813800335, 0.051564380526542664, -0.02116536721587181, 0.0024852401111274958, -0.0701933428645134, -0.08426885306835175, 0.00022987877309788018, 0.004516321700066328, -0.026027236133813858, 0.05456995964050293, -0.01897563226521015, -0.012814417481422424, -0.04237353801727295, 0.00701159005984664, -0.019034039229154587, -0.02061944641172886, -0.002208677353337407, -0.034696064889431, 0.0744747519493103, 0.007599098142236471, 0.02255123481154442, 0.0045110853388905525, 0.022774560377001762, 0.09770026057958603, 0.048318665474653244, 0.02739631198346615, -0.04260079935193062, 0.028689494356513023, -0.0025109807029366493, 0.008272861130535603, 0.0013176767388358712, 0.026780564337968826, 0.002385994652286172, 0.013281670399010181, 0.035815995186567307, 0.0522691085934639, 0.036937229335308075, -0.016026673838496208, 0.07937850058078766, -0.009920181706547737, -0.0015115776332095265, -0.012465563602745533, 0.0007291703368537128, -0.015752635896205902, -0.004901227541267872, -0.0606454461812973, 0.05446332320570946, 0.0012427297187969089, -0.017785916104912758, -0.008074975572526455, 0.01900176703929901, 0.002247793134301901, -0.015273937955498695, -0.027675708755850792, 0.03268507495522499, 0.010226466692984104, 0.02483687363564968, -0.058848727494478226, -0.02316185273230076, 0.020329158753156662, -0.022999435663223267, -0.00472116656601429, 0.050932541489601135, -0.020282652229070663, -0.030767692252993584, -0.011986890807747841, -0.013378062285482883, -0.0063505517318844795, -0.03804541006684303, -0.024959731847047806, 0.0390668660402298, -0.019158391281962395, -0.019272278994321823, -0.035763856023550034, 0.029093239456415176, -0.03472180664539337, -0.047959163784980774, 0.0053508952260017395, 0.015399611555039883, 0.028282275423407555, -0.038740821182727814, 0.00510169705376029, -0.0020136528182774782, 0.00966010894626379, 0.01331284735351801, 0.010348867624998093, 0.04413805902004242, -0.00513759721070528, -0.03454023227095604, -0.02633759006857872, 0.02395685948431492, -0.03263422101736069, 0.00344283040612936, 0.02749979868531227, -0.0007526208646595478, -0.004102727398276329, 0.0017876903293654323, 0.023222170770168304, -0.008696455508470535, -0.007860306650400162, -0.0033088952768594027, -0.018509460613131523, -0.02722039446234703, -0.04547051712870598, -0.0007210610201582313, -0.03244064003229141, -0.000852150609716773, -0.04561963677406311, 0.012281377799808979, 0.01178641989827156, 0.02839069254696369, 0.017004093155264854, -0.007243894040584564, -0.013113560155034065, 0.06050776690244675, 0.012527404353022575, -0.07391616702079773, 0.009699451737105846, -0.029686590656638145, -0.02976672165095806, -0.015402172692120075, -0.06101803109049797, 0.08886338770389557, 0.022184571251273155, -0.009906219318509102, -0.013636079616844654, 0.01919773407280445, -0.002869791118428111, 0.0032920720987021923, 0.03140603378415108, -0.08666330575942993, 0.02439572662115097, -0.021436423063278198, 0.013623539358377457, 0.005272315349429846, -0.013704878278076649, -0.02960742823779583, -0.0145821338519454, 0.014994334429502487, -0.009380546398460865, -0.012869405560195446, 0.015614311210811138, 0.004126052372157574, 0.03085251897573471, -0.0457250215113163, 0.015205013565719128, -0.05657000094652176, -0.00944465771317482, 0.048775821924209595, 0.005094293970614672, 0.018098216503858566, 0.003859051736071706, -0.025979680940508842, -0.00802910327911377, 0.06024636700749397, 0.025707390159368515, 0.02548213303089142, 0.009212151169776917, 0.006171258166432381, 0.007082454860210419, 0.031416602432727814, -0.012118224054574966, -0.032424669712781906, 0.055781081318855286, -0.03398074954748154, -0.027388442307710648, 0.054295334964990616, 0.004147402010858059, 0.03052288107573986, 0.008569256402552128, 0.015018685720860958, -0.006567888893187046, 0.02057676948606968, -0.0226905457675457, -0.0006678241188637912, -0.0770990327000618, 0.02403903566300869, 0.008128679357469082, -0.004870168399065733, 0.007246518507599831, 0.03566662222146988, -0.004248060751706362, 0.006072979886084795, 0.0599689744412899, -0.0014385160757228732, -0.017332443967461586, 0.012677263468503952, -0.0011651032837107778, 0.0030851238407194614, 0.012168670073151588, -0.007222686428576708, 0.056103430688381195, 0.0589359812438488, -0.03558025509119034, 0.0028763802256435156, -0.021410299465060234, 0.010027918964624405, -0.08450285345315933, -0.03235844150185585, 0.01524388138204813, 0.027661891654133797, 0.01515078917145729, -0.047384779900312424, -0.020592762157320976, 0.03956183046102524, -0.06704071909189224, 0.011022725142538548, 0.01286613941192627, 0.012875397689640522, -0.01663718931376934, -0.01159156858921051, -0.004817727953195572, 0.011649584397673607, 0.00944572128355503, 0.022857611998915672, 0.014029396697878838, 0.062467191368341446, 0.03759603574872017, -0.03969785198569298, 0.011102205142378807, 0.008311246521770954, 0.027124183252453804, -0.08058737963438034, -0.01963159814476967, -0.05936376005411148, -0.023571617901325226, 0.0067862835712730885, -0.029970288276672363, 0.05348658189177513, 0.012028787285089493, 0.000803943257778883, 0.01734210178256035, 0.05384719744324684, -0.023463470861315727, -0.02191643975675106, -0.004194159992039204, -0.009738685563206673, -0.030461104586720467, 0.02815924398601055, -0.02401210181415081, 0.03278419002890587, 0.021070322021842003, -0.03307075425982475, -0.0039503504522144794, -0.03833355754613876, -0.0022334977984428406, -0.04330700263381004, 0.0290511567145586, -0.018124470487236977, 0.008452240377664566, 0.015195243991911411, 0.004012126941233873, -0.0135484728962183, 0.013458173722028732, 0.06877103447914124, 0.06653464585542679, -0.04882378131151199, -0.0004757059505209327, -0.0006615431630052626, -0.012351291254162788, 0.013461862690746784, -0.0015190968988463283, -0.037139009684324265, -0.03258545696735382, -0.012119865044951439, -0.02261536940932274, 0.006589830387383699, -0.018747849389910698, 0.008870646357536316, -0.01324307732284069, 0.005741755478084087, -0.017689689993858337, -0.01970035582780838, 0.005693431477993727, -0.03481771796941757, 0.005862896330654621, -0.08502908051013947, 0.06533153355121613, -0.015066510997712612, -0.025724150240421295, -0.05362088605761528, 0.03418181836605072, -0.06676536053419113, 0.0103684701025486, 0.04786616191267967, 0.021114427596330643, 0.03941120579838753, -0.02190711535513401, 0.027169950306415558, 0.005548964720219374, -0.05523870512843132, 0.07846121490001678, 0.010208086110651493, -0.0008839678484946489, -0.008714771829545498, 0.01204090379178524, 0.030678460374474525, 0.0058101569302380085, 0.00803570356220007, -0.015426989644765854, 0.006078221835196018, -0.004308007657527924, 0.016189975664019585, 0.0019353261450305581, 0.013535446487367153, -0.04598594829440117, -0.0014251775573939085, -0.025361888110637665, 0.016729606315493584, 0.012122061103582382, 0.006063744891434908, -0.04162858426570892, 0.023581435903906822, -0.014672836288809776, -0.0049630217254161835, 0.007463883608579636, 0.017724111676216125, -0.034887876361608505, -0.03438487648963928, -0.0036311065778136253, 0.013352559879422188, -0.022066976875066757, 0.014718114398419857, 0.042763013392686844, 0.03275038301944733, 0.011709041893482208, -0.015457121655344963, 0.002392148831859231, 0.003891246858984232, -0.019340092316269875, -0.008695656433701515, 0.002726947423070669, 0.05680486187338829, -0.012083741836249828, 0.023553190752863884, 0.01677934266626835, 0.0007288040360435843, 0.020514845848083496, -0.015888622030615807, 0.031178060919046402, -0.01570378616452217, 0.019508695229887962, -0.015666157007217407, -0.0006079701124690473, 0.0015382294077426195, 0.007811217103153467, 0.0004210686020087451, 0.05796453356742859, -0.034144431352615356, -0.021465199068188667, -0.035491298884153366, -0.011568292044103146, -0.008852931670844555, -0.004899217747151852, 0.010816529393196106, 0.031049786135554314, 0.007123078219592571, 0.017509330064058304, -0.007497541606426239, 0.009369762614369392, 0.019337695091962814, -0.024266041815280914, 0.05432106554508209, -0.0068755606189370155, -0.0038211182691156864, -0.03944893553853035, 0.019864030182361603, -0.05024103447794914, -0.05414510518312454, 0.03216869384050369, 0.035490021109580994, 0.06512950360774994, -0.02322016842663288, -0.05039525404572487, 0.004497013986110687, 0.02029004506766796, -0.06321756541728973, -0.00899283867329359, -0.04582361876964569, 0.02427646331489086, -0.011749651283025742, 0.004872327204793692 ]
<p>I have data for an application's installs per day and their ranking in the store for the following day. Each user/installation can be further broken down into two categories - those that installed it because of an ad, and those that installed it on their own (e.g., by word of mouth).</p> <p>From this data, I want to know if increasing the number of ads would increase installations and thus ranking. I know rank is a terrible statistic to tie it to (since it's not an independent variable; e.g., it's tied to the performance of everyone else's applications in the store), but for the sake of comparison, I have already run a linear regression for the days where the number of ad-driven installs made up for &lt;5% of all installs on a given day.</p> <p>Given this, which statistical test should I run next to filter out the non-ad-driven installs' effect on the ranking? If I used the wrong metrics (e.g., I should be measuring change in rank against change in installs per day), please let me know.</p> <p>(And before anyone asks, this is not homework. And on top of that, I know which tests to run after this step.)</p>
48,447
[ -0.02167542651295662, 0.0030154746491461992, -0.025910576805472374, 0.04127683863043785, 0.0244893841445446, 0.016990838572382927, 0.031197575852274895, -0.00790572538971901, 0.01880207099020481, 0.004417399875819683, 0.01881122589111328, 0.03222574666142464, 0.056552983820438385, 0.008125697262585163, -0.0315808467566967, 0.006995839066803455, -0.055149056017398834, 0.002172473818063736, 0.00755084166303277, 0.002017768332734704, -0.029066860675811768, 0.015836482867598534, 0.02597629278898239, -0.011971735395491123, -0.04139421507716179, 0.042352139949798584, 0.032064713537693024, -0.028302529826760292, -0.004020500462502241, -0.007473798934370279, -0.07013492286205292, -0.03273380175232887, 0.0047904145903885365, 0.04960109293460846, 0.032746512442827225, 0.0008502184646204114, -0.019578762352466583, -0.015834465622901917, -0.025776464492082596, 0.04671237990260124, 0.021707123145461082, -0.02354736067354679, -0.008240718394517899, -0.018834754824638367, 0.024364031851291656, 0.02212352864444256, 0.005121783819049597, -0.017539307475090027, 0.04654020443558693, -0.04080952703952789, 0.0789153054356575, -0.010645410977303982, -0.029507474973797798, 0.01450272835791111, -0.03321557119488716, -0.026947470381855965, 0.021757230162620544, 0.02938232570886612, -0.014185512438416481, -0.0339166559278965, -0.0409286767244339, -0.025950832292437553, -0.04861000180244446, -0.03339792788028717, -0.03946685791015625, 0.045708563178777695, 0.013140629045665264, -0.006672446615993977, 0.06745491176843643, 0.021949931979179382, 0.012128950096666813, 0.01902553252875805, 0.048490382730960846, -0.02275058999657631, -0.032473307102918625, -0.021916480734944344, 0.020529281347990036, 0.016923530027270317, 0.08124937862157822, -0.005075888708233833, -0.013236562721431255, 0.00903656892478466, -0.00866747833788395, 0.08456238359212875, 0.033997319638729095, -0.013563117943704128, 0.06813143193721771, -0.057377949357032776, 0.006132146809250116, 0.03800620138645172, -0.017894206568598747, -0.03837303817272186, 0.06387307494878769, 0.029945513233542442, -0.04231908917427063, -0.004431718960404396, -0.05058230459690094, 0.041378505527973175, -0.0028794489335268736, 0.01921362243592739, -0.010157965123653412, -0.03817296028137207, -0.005663773976266384, 0.022306809201836586, -0.020918630063533783, 0.007026872597634792, 0.004449184518307447, 0.00988584104925394, -0.027887245640158653, -0.03242945298552513, -0.03891858831048012, 0.03573036566376686, -0.021915879100561142, -0.012745216488838196, 0.021208297461271286, -0.02450374700129032, 0.0011311533162370324, -0.006441352888941765, 0.04511024430394173, 0.043098483234643936, 0.06473885476589203, -0.004263916052877903, 0.018326371908187866, -0.027694588527083397, -0.014680327847599983, 0.01375102810561657, 0.027897849678993225, -0.02496928907930851, -0.050291210412979126, 0.06451444327831268, -0.01987028494477272, -0.008181782439351082, 0.019172685220837593, -0.023806912824511528, 0.017700985074043274, -0.0063247159123420715, -0.08612164109945297, -0.06682538241147995, 0.05224805325269699, 0.010950634256005287, 0.027493765577673912, -0.03649143502116203, 0.005256862845271826, 0.005038075149059296, 0.04565132036805153, 0.038523539900779724, 0.027323829010128975, 0.021779637783765793, 0.007223172578960657, 0.007693583611398935, -0.03539424017071724, -0.035008057951927185, -0.031809475272893906, -0.04283226653933525, -0.013108187355101109, -0.07148253172636032, 0.011053157038986683, 0.031064055860042572, -0.021894603967666626, -0.018730508163571358, 0.022904979065060616, 0.02070845477283001, -0.014107049442827702, -0.021428769454360008, 0.039722293615341187, -0.025393657386302948, 0.027172520756721497, -0.007524237036705017, 0.014280074276030064, -0.005588649772107601, -0.01721779815852642, 0.004383165389299393, 0.01993180252611637, 0.031848251819610596, 0.05466563627123833, 0.019907981157302856, 0.007188134361058474, -0.06074179336428642, 0.01644875295460224, 0.014024578034877777, -0.008083182387053967, -0.058910004794597626, -0.021866928786039352, -0.005860104225575924, 0.014617526903748512, 0.0249935295432806, -0.01889248751103878, -0.027722414582967758, 0.054721467196941376, -0.05806489288806915, -0.044732362031936646, -0.09180306643247604, -0.0007154091726988554, 0.03342003747820854, -0.04824697598814964, 0.026791054755449295, 0.00557319400832057, 0.011416210792958736, 0.00273562571965158, -0.01015020813792944, 0.00044124145642854273, -0.027788087725639343, 0.06856858730316162, -0.05909569561481476, -0.004967254586517811, 0.05426495149731636, 0.03656148537993431, -0.03733410686254501, -0.005124829709529877, -0.06937696039676666, -0.06326097995042801, 0.002101517515257001, -0.017387794330716133, 0.006051506847143173, -0.009049401618540287, 0.015338568016886711, 0.0370301753282547, -0.015365082770586014, -0.04073507711291313, 0.00926698837429285, -0.055527519434690475, 0.06797511130571365, 0.06473949551582336, -0.02059728093445301, 0.02854589745402336, -0.021033409982919693, 0.009230253286659718, 0.012018647976219654, -0.013085860759019852, 0.02700095809996128, -0.035711463540792465, 0.007834301330149174, 0.043082982301712036, -0.03671105206012726, -0.04165900871157646, 0.013771521858870983, 0.10478093475103378, 0.012373578734695911, 0.008133643306791782, 0.022417102009058, -0.0166569072753191, -0.016781028360128403, 0.024648915976285934, 0.046059709042310715, 0.034234173595905304, -0.01423840131610632, 0.007915566675364971, 0.0038702823221683502, 0.03470611199736595, 0.021730247884988785, 0.03507053107023239, 0.030564887449145317, 0.018381156027317047, -0.008527684025466442, -0.0205503161996603, -0.014852045103907585, 0.04466657713055611, -0.02317808009684086, -0.019430851563811302, 0.029974350705742836, -0.026173874735832214, -0.006928334478288889, 0.019692977890372276, -0.03001861274242401, 0.03265470638871193, 0.010577462613582611, -0.07124017179012299, -0.008734411559998989, 0.02967390976846218, -0.030121687799692154, 0.0382561981678009, -0.01350912731140852, -0.015292511321604252, -0.042494550347328186, -0.008331160992383957, 0.052722010761499405, -0.012302004732191563, 0.03332042321562767, -0.019675513729453087, -0.01848970353603363, 0.0038309639785438776, -0.027767237275838852, -0.009151630103588104, 0.0027049013879150152, -0.054715078324079514, -0.018140457570552826, -0.023757213726639748, -0.022429566830396652, 0.013055557385087013, 0.000722343975212425, 0.010657561011612415, 0.04612677916884422, 0.006341211497783661, -0.0476907454431057, -0.06950812041759491, -0.055846769362688065, 0.03623586148023605, -0.048310425132513046, -0.03336821496486664, 0.0630960464477539, 0.02870301343500614, -0.03903711959719658, 0.010712715797126293, 0.005350230727344751, 0.01764678955078125, -0.00043631423613987863, -0.02566307783126831, -0.015173922292888165, -0.02976064383983612, 0.00026968205929733813, 0.008672798052430153, 0.019589213654398918, 0.026830000802874565, -0.039784785360097885, -0.05327014625072479, 0.036421723663806915, 0.009326944127678871, 0.015784243121743202, 0.007105973083525896, -0.025287630036473274, 0.0727040022611618, 0.04442057013511658, -0.03380081430077553, -0.051868509501218796, -0.01919568143785, -0.027961190789937973, -0.008318678475916386, 0.017602156847715378, 0.03311968594789505, 0.005432645790278912, 0.008822077885270119, 0.004955293145030737, 0.04548131674528122, 0.03546643629670143, 0.003018816700205207, -0.00813207682222128, 0.029958894476294518, 0.03513766825199127, 0.03131074830889702, 0.028175977990031242, 0.01940896175801754, -0.03577795997262001, 0.014649814926087856, 0.0027201029006391764, -0.009572538547217846, -0.022393371909856796, -0.06761392951011658, 0.008870602585375309, -0.013491690158843994, -0.015229194425046444, -0.029543394222855568, -0.01569122076034546, 0.018773067742586136, -0.039006076753139496, 0.002966096391901374, -0.011062182486057281, 0.0013649261090904474, -0.029679620638489723, 0.014290403574705124, 0.08105932921171188, 0.022912265732884407, -0.01907271146774292, -0.01580321602523327, -0.020070044323801994, -0.03312595933675766, -0.0005440548411570489, -0.022949717938899994, -0.015068934299051762, 0.027566658332943916, 0.015227016061544418, 0.009982096031308174, -0.01515849307179451, -0.07534453272819519, -0.01418537087738514, -0.09140412509441376, 0.037707921117544174, -0.01613379828631878, 0.043603233993053436, -0.008568399585783482, 0.023720351979136467, 0.022246355190873146, -0.03464069217443466, 0.009456945583224297, 0.0034089493565261364, -0.04370438680052757, 0.025241557508707047, 0.002828827127814293, -0.001380171743221581, 0.010766038671135902, 0.0005590301589109004, 0.0021200545597821474, -0.029844172298908234, 0.01946890540421009, 0.008413741365075111, 0.030051518231630325, -0.024121567606925964, 0.007997782900929451, -0.032970529049634933, -0.01813899353146553, 0.005908323917537928, -0.016185596585273743, -0.0010320204310119152, -0.018459687009453773, 0.05072932317852974, 0.03330446779727936, -0.000997022376395762, -0.0016639598179608583, -0.007493786979466677, 0.02115067094564438, 0.018598295748233795, 0.026368970051407814, 0.0021850618068128824, 0.0060881357640028, -0.03948451951146126, 0.03921421989798546, 0.0032512634061276913, 0.032884128391742706, 0.03977871313691139, -0.019786959514021873, -0.028546014800667763, -0.0488639660179615, -0.02179209142923355, -0.0021272036246955395, 0.0006110023823566735, 0.01177836861461401, -0.027047457173466682, 0.0323447622358799, 0.030840570107102394, -0.0271662175655365, 0.011999784968793392, 0.09777473658323288, 0.05489574745297432, -0.014144724234938622, -0.011943502351641655, -0.029961908236145973, 0.015610750764608383, -0.03790196031332016, 0.04612099379301071, 0.00685357628390193, 0.028669333085417747, 0.001778051140718162, -0.011887826956808567, -0.03383577615022659, -0.019840553402900696, 0.019646771252155304, 0.01964971050620079, 0.03823179379105568, -0.030520282685756683, -0.0333123579621315, 0.030347447842359543, 0.047377560287714005, 0.056538086384534836, 0.03958830237388611, 0.019685612991452217, -0.10279170423746109, 0.029246272519230843, 0.08655549585819244, 0.05891947075724602, -0.03536326065659523, -0.01232350617647171, -0.01787671633064747, 0.000644422834739089, -0.010453015565872192, -0.04879748448729515, 0.0063730222173035145, 0.03318764269351959, 0.039237428456544876, -0.030736887827515602, -0.013604311272501945, -0.0502343513071537, -0.0001933710736921057, 0.003480113111436367, -0.004021445754915476, -0.04856137931346893, -0.055125560611486435, -0.027837008237838745, 0.010626139119267464, 0.04254814609885216, 0.048743247985839844, -0.03823712095618248, -0.01568409986793995, 0.004137286450713873, 0.010658870451152325, -0.03780234605073929, -0.0282492283731699, 0.03357521817088127, 0.0033470953349024057, -0.006929677911102772, 0.045192454010248184, -0.011013119481503963, -0.032550081610679626, -0.007313748821616173, 0.012421589344739914, -0.03570556640625, 0.0029513747431337833, -0.02624262124300003, 0.044457368552684784, 0.051411859691143036, 0.025974582880735397, 0.04395892098546028, 0.004384839907288551, 0.025658907368779182, 0.005464439280331135, 0.015703503042459488, 0.0125358197838068, -0.03372117131948471, -0.010795640759170055, -0.030898869037628174, -0.038107313215732574, -0.03350184112787247, 0.04302341118454933, 0.008528057485818863, 0.033088501542806625, -0.009962798096239567, -0.012342573143541813, -0.0018036621622741222, 0.032476913183927536, -0.0348614901304245, 0.001717268256470561, -0.002845518756657839, 0.028408454731106758, -0.004157720599323511, -0.009044518694281578, 0.016845807433128357, -0.022622177377343178, -0.004140040371567011, -0.025396272540092468, -0.02229662612080574, 0.04398907348513603, 0.0010552809108048677, -0.009945716708898544, -0.007845706306397915, -0.007816958241164684, 0.059527553617954254, 0.002395588904619217, 0.003247528802603483, -0.026682604104280472, -0.047390278428792953, 0.016113625839352608, 0.029718607664108276, 0.010469687171280384, 0.027278602123260498, -0.03641311451792717, 0.03969322517514229, -0.04723910614848137, -0.019048940390348434, -0.058204203844070435, -0.04845098406076431, 0.011780445463955402, 0.04090608283877373, -0.041896626353263855, -0.04642714187502861, 0.021761614829301834, -0.01862431690096855, -0.0314539335668087, 0.0056223077699542046, -0.0014682807959616184, -0.059489935636520386, -0.007514225319027901, 0.01861928030848503, 0.027059759944677353, 0.05079099163413048, -0.007744788657873869, -0.012207909487187862, -0.005815648008137941, 0.02187606506049633, -0.02166096307337284, -0.009114187210798264, 0.010430031456053257, -0.02353736013174057, 0.010340004228055477, -0.04697999730706215, -0.0031005782075226307, 0.05076572671532631, -0.016884826123714447, -0.018566012382507324, -0.0010931415017694235, 0.01821378618478775, 0.01723271608352661, -0.02952064760029316, 0.015597845427691936, -0.008358930237591267, 0.018557218834757805, 0.034478362649679184, 0.035140011459589005, 0.007103430572897196, 0.010279489681124687, 0.030006032437086105, 0.046006977558135986, 0.002937731798738241, 0.04311468452215195, 0.07738702744245529, -0.032495878636837006, 0.021710766479372978, 0.006348883267492056, -0.03553706407546997, 0.04040107503533363, -0.003736316692084074, -0.004520275164395571, -0.003872758476063609, 0.027741707861423492, -0.05063691735267639, -0.032722651958465576, -0.01894812472164631, -0.048137418925762177, 0.04837389662861824, -0.015546026639640331, 0.01285344548523426, 0.053791701793670654, -0.00033036177046597004, 0.0043298304080963135, 0.000708657200448215, -0.008670162409543991, -0.018751412630081177, 0.020747492089867592, 0.02379588410258293, 0.012659355998039246, 0.02641204185783863, 0.05707208439707756, 0.008946570567786694, 0.029575759544968605, 0.03435259312391281, 0.05775974690914154, 0.04324466362595558, 0.03486347571015358, -0.054722994565963745, -0.0379888117313385, 0.0150319654494524, -0.06581844389438629, 0.02019173465669155, -0.04180038347840309, -0.03408729285001755, 0.05045798793435097, 0.04694155231118202, -0.007177960127592087, -0.025220923125743866, -0.03437044098973274, -0.0867532417178154, -0.010526027530431747, -0.001106006558984518, -0.013858950696885586, 0.05231698229908943, 0.010538576170802116, 0.05324219912290573, -0.00012412553769536316, 0.027884041890501976, -0.019224507734179497, -0.05335298553109169, -0.03235539048910141, 0.007147043012082577, -0.018062222748994827, 0.04720887169241905, -0.018241580575704575, -0.037083808332681656, 0.026184536516666412, -0.03283022344112396, -0.012212366797029972, 0.03492850065231323, 0.05478895455598831, 0.014399755746126175, 0.08183765411376953, 0.013532915152609348, -0.004400753881782293, -0.006500822491943836, -0.0201416052877903, 0.12213729321956635, 0.090904101729393, 0.07671177387237549, -0.041821546852588654, -0.010520621202886105, -0.011646373197436333, -0.005602875724434853, -0.01748940534889698, 0.0016483893850818276, -0.032675400376319885, 0.001700907596386969, 0.08504375070333481, 0.028987480327486992, 0.005300056654959917, 0.016596445813775063, 0.050873465836048126, -0.008754825219511986, -0.0055391546338796616, 0.020561406388878822, -0.0006964221829548478, 0.007945561781525612, -0.04709825664758682, -0.05165742710232735, 0.010354683734476566, 0.001869233208708465, -0.005695316940546036, 0.0258869007229805, -0.036311592906713486, -0.027909496799111366, -0.012722423300147057, -0.0028315437957644463, 0.013470964506268501, 0.013713031075894833, 0.02132418379187584, -0.052184879779815674, 0.007369075436145067, 0.00008526604506187141, -0.01664646901190281, 0.0015415134839713573, 0.04069637134671211, 0.015108933672308922, -0.023302637040615082, -0.012607014738023281, 0.0272299163043499, -0.04081718623638153, 0.01573946326971054, -0.018439223989844322, 0.003661532886326313, -0.010346904397010803, -0.020662449300289154, -0.014593895524740219, -0.008131755515933037, -0.061119165271520615, -0.046451736241579056, -0.0239443127065897, 0.013685199432075024, 0.02719803713262081, -0.0005025012069381773, -0.001826639287173748, -0.018407855182886124, 0.04764389991760254, 0.01241492759436369, 0.04794355481863022, 0.047927990555763245, -0.003569452790543437, -0.02625999040901661, 0.0035308359656482935, 0.0515134297311306, 0.014570679515600204, 0.014136184938251972, 0.020122239366173744, -0.004039048682898283, -0.025438468903303146, 0.026752417907118797, 0.010218554176390171, -0.020658520981669426, 0.02869189903140068, -0.022345874458551407, 0.009865359403192997, -0.024746596813201904, -0.008433693088591099, 0.0001403235219186172, -0.03766336664557457, 0.011046458035707474, -0.07056418806314468, 0.00824443344026804, 0.014215554110705853, 0.029492124915122986, 0.0317145511507988, -0.011732161045074463, -0.005239388905465603, 0.039496079087257385, -0.008793028071522713, -0.05576254799962044, 0.01076335646212101, -0.008658026345074177, -0.014318513683974743, -0.004680787678807974, 0.010410728864371777, 0.07486987859010696, 0.002809328492730856, -0.014238988980650902, -0.01893722265958786, -0.00785708986222744, -0.02329808473587036, 0.040350764989852905, -0.005982252303510904, -0.05654577538371086, -0.033593811094760895, 0.0043124062940478325, -0.02790960483253002, -0.025587840005755424, -0.04272580146789551, -0.02549869939684868, -0.0024640667252242565, 0.012599390931427479, -0.025339262560009956, 0.009126303717494011, 0.007315982133150101, -0.0026274025440216064, 0.031441010534763336, 0.00453241216018796, -0.0014050131430849433, -0.026635300368070602, -0.020323382690548897, 0.03992355987429619, -0.0025954467710107565, -0.02136164903640747, 0.0018013938097283244, -0.037070780992507935, -0.007557003293186426, 0.002638273173943162, 0.03683067485690117, 0.018122123554348946, -0.02375759556889534, 0.015850884839892387, -0.025513101369142532, 0.06260082870721817, -0.030946169048547745, -0.03565732017159462, 0.04745226725935936, -0.005665527656674385, -0.035376496613025665, 0.020739346742630005, -0.01995711401104927, 0.038330938667058945, -0.008794503286480904, -0.005137306638062, 0.0050531006418168545, 0.00044107119902037084, -0.041244182735681534, -0.02454167604446411, -0.006203393451869488, 0.017092270776629448, 0.028868798166513443, 0.014472479932010174, -0.001110149547457695, -0.002871254226192832, 0.014577704481780529, 0.022788595408201218, 0.03045349195599556, -0.03556659817695618, -0.004932066425681114, 0.009693038649857044, 0.018652882426977158, 0.02835671231150627, 0.008715665899217129, -0.028090596199035645, 0.02366049960255623, 0.011055848561227322, -0.0008246561628766358, -0.015409667044878006, 0.01578935608267784, -0.025327712297439575, -0.03436581417918205, -0.019184177741408348, 0.0012445627944543958, -0.010050385259091854, 0.006909037474542856, -0.05259193480014801, -0.01025090180337429, 0.027528300881385803, -0.07270975410938263, 0.04100216180086136, -0.010404247790575027, 0.008079654537141323, -0.04612768068909645, 0.0021622770000249147, 0.0038961414247751236, 0.003753451630473137, 0.01095773559063673, 0.006930253934115171, 0.030727624893188477, 0.022857269272208214, 0.0007236216333694756, -0.025186486542224884, 0.028083737939596176, 0.03387123718857765, 0.015772948041558266, -0.07392226159572601, 0.002973125083371997, -0.0014931787736713886, -0.01178063452243805, 0.04150377959012985, 0.009815559722483158, 0.019746841862797737, 0.022463534027338028, 0.012676500715315342, -0.003757629543542862, 0.04520503059029579, 0.03031778894364834, -0.014330931007862091, -0.024461375549435616, -0.005173290614038706, 0.0016549336723983288, 0.050302814692258835, 0.002360645215958357, 0.03814790025353432, 0.03510775789618492, -0.007299563381820917, 0.0018613667925819755, -0.009099303744733334, -0.028286511078476906, -0.010795457288622856, -0.009405232965946198, 0.019633354619145393, -0.007929200306534767, -0.02026541158556938, -0.00707199377939105, -0.0462651252746582, 0.020743319764733315, 0.026935910806059837, -0.010727521032094955, -0.05734671279788017, 0.006038100924342871, 0.007915438152849674, -0.03397124260663986, 0.0068221925757825375, 0.0037173035088926554, 0.007788120768964291, -0.07651499658823013, 0.02242240309715271, -0.0411510095000267, -0.03790426254272461, -0.04739246889948845, -0.0007289376226253808, -0.01562661863863468, 0.05599748343229294, 0.0005363189848139882, 0.003045249730348587, 0.007479907479137182, -0.02523191273212433, 0.05297618731856346, -0.0618680976331234, 0.08309433609247208, 0.0317673496901989, -0.006868594326078892, 0.01071279589086771, 0.018082283437252045, -0.05300280079245567, 0.004314871039241552, 0.04567928984761238, 0.005673369858413935, 0.0061680348590016365, -0.009268425405025482, 0.004550089593976736, -0.010439238511025906, -0.07186880707740784, 0.04463952034711838, -0.035198092460632324, -0.0032521765679121017, -0.0383913516998291, 0.0013622987316921353, 0.02806263417005539, -0.013945084996521473, 0.006297385785728693, 0.02366306260228157, -0.0032358074095100164, 0.003526706714183092, -0.0028593936003744602, 0.04212888330221176, 0.03128430247306824, 0.0048035322688519955, 0.045292627066373825, 0.047540657222270966, 0.018965139985084534, 0.02819930575788021, 0.002178916474804282, -0.024724343791604042, 0.088875912129879, -0.023008372634649277, -0.02661820501089096, -0.015740174800157547, 0.010889695957303047, -0.05961952358484268, -0.04163374379277229, 0.014699057675898075, 0.0237079169601202, -0.0453040711581707, 0.027489662170410156, 0.0007265619933605194, 0.00002902319101849571, 0.02867034822702408, 0.001620198367163539, 0.035452451556921005, 0.03452775254845619, 0.004642227664589882, -0.02433236688375473, 0.013556338846683502, 0.011098426766693592, 0.03967486321926117, 0.020253095775842667, 0.04930043965578079, 0.011761585250496864, 0.052074749022722244, -0.013733270578086376, 0.030225999653339386, -0.02713576890528202, -0.011177909560501575, 0.00822394248098135, -0.014490815810859203, -0.012812012806534767, 0.029902691021561623, -0.015361121855676174, 0.027857311069965363, -0.048238031566143036, 0.018902862444519997, -0.04226294904947281, 0.006226953584700823, 0.0005977461696602404, -0.03442590311169624, 0.00028413094696588814, 0.005629612598568201, -0.024049382656812668, 0.02874571830034256, 0.03431004658341408, 0.019513407722115517, 0.008463754318654537, -0.011688219383358955, 0.01989421248435974, 0.003688633209094405, -0.04008942097425461, -0.007527833338826895, -0.0451727919280529, -0.007919151335954666, 0.015314440242946148, 0.01758423261344433, 0.008160931058228016, 0.019014185294508934, -0.027312060818076134, -0.01054861955344677, -0.020411593839526176, 0.02917175367474556, -0.01982870325446129, -0.0466521717607975, -0.03742202743887901, 0.01599203050136566, 0.015038828365504742, -0.018928492441773415 ]
<p>I'm trying to use a multiple regression (in Excel) to determine the effectiveness of foreign aid on GDP growth. I've forgotten everything since college...</p> <p>My plan is to run a regression using established determinants as a 'baseline'. Then run another adding in my independent variable of 'aid expenditures', looking at p-value and coefficient of 'aid expenditures'. Am I anywhere close?</p>
74,105
[ -0.026267243549227715, 0.011164041236042976, -0.02375013567507267, 0.021020779386162758, 0.04312418773770332, 0.03145351633429527, 0.01156554277986288, -0.015183205716311932, 0.03353425860404968, -0.00719026755541563, 0.018636520951986313, -0.003041529096662998, 0.08826731890439987, -0.014681329019367695, 0.017364362254738808, 0.003909554798156023, 0.011594507843255997, 0.022560175508260727, 0.003144048387184739, 0.009067334234714508, 0.01004748698323965, 0.03494248539209366, 0.012452282942831516, -0.005001454148441553, 0.008075542747974396, 0.06328319013118744, 0.006864734459668398, -0.017118552699685097, 0.002135356655344367, 0.06705588847398758, -0.025656454265117645, -0.0019294002559036016, 0.016560174524784088, 0.009368638508021832, 0.0313907191157341, 0.00008461168181383982, -0.029320959001779556, 0.0032507136929780245, -0.0016475107986479998, 0.0629613846540451, -0.021549832075834274, -0.03686023876070976, 0.03951723128557205, 0.04179941117763519, -0.000961369602009654, 0.023848602548241615, -0.007726859301328659, -0.03742280229926109, 0.04108342528343201, -0.022228693589568138, 0.07491105049848557, -0.012239711359143257, 0.02782764844596386, 0.06103324517607689, -0.05075334757566452, -0.034697696566581726, 0.06693729013204575, 0.06280803680419922, 0.014689530245959759, -0.026234827935695648, 0.02715352363884449, 0.011564313434064388, -0.0077119991183280945, -0.033199600875377655, -0.04001416638493538, 0.013423148542642593, -0.012550565414130688, -0.002402449492365122, 0.023430800065398216, -0.015798257663846016, 0.030215464532375336, -0.0027661514468491077, 0.028126632794737816, -0.05957290530204773, 0.004627727437764406, -0.030003275722265244, 0.04642440006136894, 0.020931722596287727, 0.016596894711256027, 0.05310165509581566, -0.008161349222064018, 0.0018373163184151053, 0.055047377943992615, 0.07765346020460129, 0.05777527019381523, -0.011248955503106117, 0.06263021379709244, -0.03418309986591339, 0.0004276438266970217, 0.04565369337797165, -0.02919740416109562, 0.017510738223791122, 0.06087101623415947, 0.019860852509737015, -0.0366344079375267, 0.018993427976965904, -0.03287757933139801, 0.05555594712495804, 0.008007858879864216, 0.005838620476424694, -0.0100817596539855, -0.03009193204343319, 0.002379004843533039, 0.034926287829875946, -0.04428622126579285, 0.016124095767736435, -0.014624625444412231, -0.0018672391306608915, 0.017820892855525017, 0.008260691538453102, -0.04750465601682663, 0.02486167848110199, 0.0035641868598759174, -0.04943981394171715, 0.012315702624619007, -0.006174320355057716, -0.04098327457904816, 0.02210020087659359, 0.03221176192164421, 0.04303302243351936, 0.018876120448112488, -0.05704347789287567, 0.05895416438579559, -0.005775297060608864, -0.044811803847551346, 0.025417856872081757, 0.008460099808871746, -0.000593222095631063, -0.041447341442108154, 0.0560600608587265, 0.023053865879774094, -0.026751087978482246, 0.024195928126573563, 0.005269125569611788, 0.029296481981873512, 0.004167826380580664, -0.06611715257167816, -0.06561429798603058, 0.04638705402612686, -0.002321004867553711, 0.02700590156018734, -0.059171658009290695, 0.004747095052152872, 0.0047083343379199505, 0.09700930863618851, 0.008863582275807858, 0.03913220390677452, 0.0433197058737278, 0.045055512338876724, 0.004435217939317226, -0.03902425616979599, 0.00031913453130982816, 0.0034327160101383924, -0.031067397445440292, -0.007965055294334888, -0.09374301135540009, 0.022581035271286964, -0.00512158777564764, 0.018404413014650345, 0.0031463562045246363, 0.06675086915493011, 0.01756320707499981, 0.005443981848657131, -0.002752786036580801, -0.02765936218202114, -0.0011363007361069322, 0.04955834522843361, -0.012716949917376041, 0.026305722072720528, 0.011955264024436474, -0.0067133656702935696, 0.0040152836591005325, 0.029543492943048477, 0.030316511169075966, 0.07191166281700134, -0.04010198265314102, -0.013537151739001274, -0.016343699768185616, 0.01766328141093254, 0.0023343991488218307, -0.08182283490896225, -0.027906756848096848, -0.005520967300981283, -0.036120664328336716, 0.012463933788239956, 0.03220148757100105, 0.030444234609603882, -0.015271864831447601, -0.009259138256311417, -0.058073755353689194, -0.04654863849282265, -0.07726011425256729, 0.005896253045648336, 0.009611840359866619, -0.0028116300236433744, -0.0051469928584992886, -0.02202160283923149, 0.026353653520345688, -0.024583129212260246, -0.00898702908307314, -0.0423097126185894, -0.020127004012465477, 0.031547337770462036, -0.041867878288030624, 0.016484364867210388, 0.04948212206363678, 0.058964114636182785, -0.005073913838714361, 0.05911119654774666, -0.05081304535269737, -0.003928808029741049, 0.011935067363083363, -0.051074035465717316, 0.03630375862121582, -0.026584582403302193, -0.019605359062552452, -0.0025130128487944603, -0.015432862564921379, -0.0032006017863750458, 0.0228821262717247, -0.059749361127614975, 0.053348783403635025, 0.05221690982580185, 0.039168260991573334, 0.0197430569678545, -0.044577017426490784, 0.028187748044729233, 0.0035371126141399145, -0.030898643657565117, -0.009203501045703888, -0.04759881645441055, -0.016360733658075333, 0.02010512165725231, 0.0116099389269948, -0.040799904614686966, 0.028560075908899307, 0.0863649919629097, -0.0017689056694507599, 0.009746786206960678, 0.011433053761720657, 0.004514837637543678, -0.014161776751279831, -0.03871158882975578, 0.05820104107260704, -0.0026686470955610275, 0.010406010784208775, 0.007615259848535061, -0.01720868982374668, 0.03649061918258667, 0.023388858884572983, 0.009291358292102814, 0.03291554003953934, 0.013632796704769135, 0.036246974021196365, -0.03502987325191498, -0.005407778080552816, 0.04356875270605087, -0.00897007156163454, 0.0007801905157975852, 0.0026353858411312103, 0.02442636340856552, -0.01137164980173111, 0.017201021313667297, -0.028128037229180336, -0.003898797556757927, 0.010245567187666893, -0.02220621146261692, 0.023451918736100197, 0.02729024365544319, -0.03130475431680679, 0.0061362190172076225, -0.03880646452307701, -0.0013481505447998643, -0.05781388282775879, 0.007824347354471684, -0.007977358996868134, -0.0025337031111121178, 0.03671390563249588, -0.03026309423148632, 0.0004285609466023743, -0.02254648320376873, -0.02897040545940399, 0.017713071778416634, -0.021548572927713394, -0.025220753625035286, -0.003323290264233947, -0.02261933498084545, -0.007604741025716066, 0.055757395923137665, -0.022892259061336517, -0.029033519327640533, 0.07018131017684937, 0.02229069359600544, -0.01762211322784424, -0.04786807298660278, -0.03518964722752571, 0.004598148167133331, -0.04529624804854393, -0.011559270322322845, -0.01074400544166565, -0.02806464023888111, -0.02795826829969883, 0.024425256997346878, -0.06044774502515793, 0.00976330041885376, -0.04363825544714928, 0.0024515697732567787, -0.002790293889120221, 0.007206623908132315, 0.03732125461101532, -0.011786559596657753, -0.0029135511722415686, -0.018104705959558487, -0.06836225092411041, -0.05642750859260559, 0.035934533923864365, 0.01184246875345707, 0.03590046241879463, -0.030795859172940254, -0.010947051458060741, 0.07713444530963898, 0.020407602190971375, -0.03577600419521332, -0.0755578950047493, -0.02481154538691044, -0.00809107068926096, -0.023436186835169792, 0.04850836843252182, 0.027981748804450035, -0.010970153845846653, 0.014545020647346973, -0.046003080904483795, 0.02250760979950428, 0.05581941828131676, 0.007691824343055487, 0.014112768694758415, 0.0056714448146522045, 0.014241074211895466, -0.012298583984375, 0.053831517696380615, 0.04035528749227524, -0.015364053659141064, 0.00532885966822505, 0.009435746818780899, 0.04109564423561096, -0.0054280878975987434, -0.025373972952365875, 0.0016946151154115796, 0.0023754150606691837, -0.002425814513117075, -0.04523357003927231, -0.0054358793422579765, 0.037057045847177505, -0.0015517702559009194, -0.0020082828123122454, -0.02978891134262085, 0.0037182613741606474, -0.040973961353302, -0.003407208016142249, 0.038008883595466614, 0.013580968603491783, 0.0010088072158396244, 0.000675725459586829, -0.05533918738365173, 0.014321754686534405, 0.006947054993361235, -0.004615162033587694, -0.023159343749284744, 0.02496074140071869, 0.049729663878679276, 0.034921303391456604, 0.011865607462823391, -0.04623650014400482, 0.01780805177986622, -0.07374458014965057, -0.0008508255705237389, -0.029376747086644173, 0.0404154472053051, 0.0014713570708408952, 0.013571543619036674, -0.0041702319867908955, 0.0069942781701684, 0.03316367417573929, -0.003089332254603505, -0.07437779754400253, 0.03955226019024849, -0.04030792787671089, -0.031192166730761528, 0.03881088271737099, -0.000994394300505519, 0.018419669941067696, -0.04517936334013939, -0.00681276386603713, -0.016944654285907745, 0.012789138592779636, -0.00747721828520298, 0.01598251797258854, -0.0017248641233891249, -0.0188852958381176, -0.006122243124991655, -0.017283234745264053, 0.026044119149446487, 0.002793149324133992, 0.0299542173743248, 0.027234036475419998, -0.02719946950674057, -0.01713571697473526, -0.012765103951096535, 0.015543291345238686, 0.03252992406487465, 0.04113251343369484, 0.023895228281617165, 0.04604848474264145, -0.0538506917655468, 0.06980521976947784, -0.0050940318033099174, 0.04318099096417427, 0.03418275713920593, 0.02349524013698101, -0.033604469150304794, -0.0125044584274292, -0.01817382127046585, 0.016516584903001785, -0.009629971347749233, -0.001314586028456688, 0.003795650554820895, 0.07984239608049393, 0.03803936764597893, -0.0272088423371315, 0.03884529322385788, 0.07597558945417404, -0.005106810946017504, -0.0056337458081543446, -0.04178227484226227, -0.04493376240134239, -0.0185614675283432, 0.004561921581625938, 0.038966864347457886, 0.00691768154501915, -0.005076506175100803, -0.03862970694899559, 0.03580615669488907, -0.025951333343982697, -0.029613999649882317, -0.0023759109899401665, 0.02130398154258728, 0.04148399457335472, 0.007766745053231716, -0.04734804108738899, 0.034251656383275986, 0.06138478219509125, -0.003492114134132862, 0.04439802095293999, 0.0432022325694561, -0.10198993235826492, 0.020131004974246025, 0.03446800261735916, 0.017466997727751732, -0.026903588324785233, -0.0010030450066551566, -0.03404107317328453, -0.017925938591361046, 0.02797514572739601, -0.03392403572797775, 0.039968349039554596, -0.017355693504214287, 0.010402931831777096, -0.01299753226339817, -0.006958799436688423, -0.05778782069683075, -0.010102327913045883, 0.004604029934853315, 0.0009069644147530198, -0.012535449117422104, -0.03101741336286068, -0.047608040273189545, 0.0412716381251812, 0.032840002328157425, 0.04240874946117401, 0.01984509453177452, -0.029639268293976784, 0.024737069383263588, 0.004510719329118729, -0.018534913659095764, -0.032263532280921936, -0.007944867014884949, 0.011469125747680664, -0.025412164628505707, 0.047474686056375504, 0.03999399021267891, -0.027343904599547386, 0.014494147151708603, 0.009643122553825378, -0.012295336462557316, 0.0014104759320616722, -0.06312355399131775, 0.0062271542847156525, 0.04329437017440796, 0.015611306764185429, 0.05009821057319641, 0.02386685647070408, -0.010364443995058537, -0.007672219071537256, -0.03632716089487076, 0.009603738784790039, -0.035241205245256424, -0.035200316458940506, -0.015864428132772446, 0.03101789951324463, 0.005903565790504217, -0.00009247731941286474, 0.028460828587412834, 0.0037017804570496082, -0.031630415469408035, -0.014638599939644337, 0.0012911465018987656, 0.03317534178495407, -0.01885179616510868, -0.0014639751752838492, 0.01712067797780037, -0.010619835928082466, -0.023499585688114166, -0.041273001581430435, -0.005187415983527899, 0.00397002836689353, 0.03624133765697479, 0.00747362757101655, -0.02531527541577816, 0.03522791340947151, -0.006192216649651527, -0.06593625992536545, 0.0047913771122694016, -0.02595512941479683, 0.05638115480542183, -0.005885506048798561, 0.03137268126010895, 0.023348845541477203, -0.03286738693714142, -0.0037454217672348022, 0.03702586516737938, 0.02109254151582718, 0.03687557205557823, -0.03332990035414696, 0.04664190113544464, -0.03303341940045357, -0.010887959972023964, -0.049087293446063995, -0.0214478000998497, 0.005795772187411785, 0.007112931925803423, -0.010544138960540295, -0.0049989051185548306, 0.010222765617072582, 0.00001953618266270496, -0.043345317244529724, -0.027329575270414352, 0.044863566756248474, -0.06610489636659622, -0.004692506045103073, 0.00020704424241557717, 0.022842830047011375, 0.03313270956277847, -0.035359129309654236, -0.005684702657163143, -0.014955675229430199, -0.03428281471133232, -0.016414783895015717, -0.010149423032999039, -0.004113032482564449, -0.034967463463544846, 0.018944259732961655, -0.04659496620297432, 0.011899706907570362, 0.021795164793729782, -0.015077551826834679, 0.009382937103509903, 0.013016415759921074, -0.023177649825811386, -0.011040743440389633, -0.02134145423769951, -0.0038874191232025623, -0.041428446769714355, -0.0026362312491983175, -0.01248803548514843, 0.014061305671930313, -0.011525745503604412, -0.018033383414149284, 0.02133277989923954, 0.0009858430130407214, 0.008409521542489529, 0.017490219324827194, 0.05178363621234894, -0.010980267077684402, 0.008987369015812874, 0.006857586093246937, -0.00472478149458766, 0.02550642192363739, -0.004868204239755869, -0.009479229338467121, -0.012191379442811012, 0.004173729103058577, -0.04975052922964096, -0.06996848434209824, -0.014821584336459637, 0.0022513552103191614, 0.05176590383052826, -0.01041256170719862, 0.025295177474617958, 0.08049380779266357, 0.03832996264100075, 0.002799693262204528, -0.037355467677116394, 0.026626544073224068, -0.001941681606695056, 0.022541247308254242, 0.05791005864739418, -0.014485913328826427, -0.01417176891118288, 0.04213167726993561, 0.005591792520135641, 0.009941019117832184, 0.04204264283180237, 0.026384741067886353, -0.010522265918552876, 0.03359255567193031, -0.01400422491133213, -0.05833254009485245, -0.00841568224132061, -0.0363248772919178, 0.01691392995417118, -0.03215862065553665, -0.04186869040131569, 0.03963376209139824, 0.03487775847315788, -0.00003750038013095036, -0.04137478023767471, 0.0031552023719996214, -0.013330116868019104, -0.015532948076725006, 0.01438475213944912, -0.016975732520222664, 0.0635891705751419, -0.009336009621620178, 0.03684956207871437, 0.013615972362458706, 0.017489269375801086, -0.03917381912469864, -0.0446372926235199, 0.00480746990069747, -0.014155608601868153, -0.00694029126316309, 0.02610774151980877, -0.026125263422727585, -0.029195604845881462, 0.019232550635933876, -0.026792706921696663, -0.012202846817672253, 0.00913180224597454, 0.04248011112213135, 0.03639146685600281, 0.048867080360651016, -0.011755243875086308, -0.01874365471303463, -0.002299054292961955, -0.03512191027402878, 0.11886564642190933, 0.06454725563526154, 0.01304754987359047, -0.08276312798261642, -0.0010443803621456027, -0.02423587627708912, 0.01421266607940197, -0.029465334489941597, -0.004048626404255629, -0.04208948463201523, -0.015352318063378334, 0.024996615946292877, 0.07911300659179688, -0.0017554794903844595, 0.023872533813118935, 0.05477080121636391, -0.017390264198184013, -0.031537387520074844, 0.005812843795865774, 0.024245811626315117, 0.006782418116927147, 0.0005738757899962366, -0.002980934688821435, 0.02768787555396557, -0.030816728249192238, -0.03464365378022194, -0.013033407740294933, -0.0032144649885594845, 0.0401560477912426, 0.0009625852690078318, -0.026730047538876534, -0.01393592357635498, -0.005872757639735937, 0.01891174167394638, -0.04595303162932396, 0.0004859928449150175, 0.006878895219415426, -0.04796392843127251, -0.008302571251988411, 0.03794829919934273, -0.005381606984883547, 0.02263595722615719, 0.032934192568063736, -0.024968117475509644, -0.05418779328465462, -0.01161543745547533, -0.0275212824344635, 0.04559238255023956, -0.000770202255807817, -0.028698120266199112, -0.02845798432826996, 0.006646956782788038, -0.004911249969154596, -0.04134377837181091, -0.02009265497326851, 0.02109275758266449, 0.015769455581903458, -0.046285998076200485, -0.02118176966905594, 0.034763604402542114, 0.019213369116187096, 0.0014251526445150375, 0.01697973720729351, 0.009458743967115879, 0.004107257816940546, 0.0048727854155004025, -0.06836029887199402, 0.05494966730475426, -0.03509547933936119, -0.021202528849244118, -0.0009648601408116519, -0.0017303201602771878, -0.05024479329586029, 0.020891502499580383, 0.019815411418676376, 0.0016917783068493009, -0.003633810207247734, -0.010615305975079536, 0.01624288037419319, -0.04607056826353073, -0.01114419661462307, 0.017625082284212112, -0.06831920892000198, 0.02670794352889061, -0.04013274237513542, -0.014487982727587223, 0.053281739354133606, 0.02208685874938965, 0.04577912017703056, 0.010426449589431286, -0.009993956424295902, 0.06272532790899277, 0.03211110457777977, -0.06141083687543869, 0.013249759562313557, -0.026386087760329247, -0.0334126316010952, -0.006503153592348099, -0.04004969820380211, 0.0484183244407177, 0.0072983684949576855, 0.013627885840833187, -0.01287381537258625, -0.006423887796700001, -0.01815216988325119, 0.0435594767332077, 0.004114277195185423, -0.047436151653528214, 0.007946749217808247, 0.01255448255687952, 0.006451878231018782, -0.01235898770391941, 0.01708037406206131, -0.028042856603860855, -0.026388688012957573, -0.005141582805663347, -0.014330456033349037, -0.022406576201319695, 0.06219889968633652, -0.013932759873569012, 0.045898519456386566, -0.04627138003706932, 0.024604767560958862, -0.05524300038814545, -0.018197985365986824, 0.027271119877696037, -0.007598360534757376, -0.023495852947235107, 0.021603446453809738, -0.03444839268922806, 0.032525308430194855, 0.039340417832136154, 0.0008367511909455061, 0.011877189390361309, -0.024829085916280746, 0.04962845891714096, -0.013565842993557453, 0.02741391584277153, -0.023058652877807617, -0.009113781154155731, 0.013898767530918121, -0.03646053001284599, -0.019918059930205345, 0.019973868504166603, 0.031896091997623444, 0.06863199919462204, -0.002960462123155594, -0.0022818725556135178, -0.037636492401361465, 0.04561788961291313, 0.0018618573667481542, -0.02259448729455471, -0.023478547111153603, -0.04295513778924942, 0.017155108973383904, 0.0064469194039702415, -0.007471506483852863, 0.0060332948341965675, -0.01934487745165825, 0.010436074808239937, 0.04440346360206604, -0.0033494471572339535, 0.004934945609420538, -0.017680907621979713, -0.016868283972144127, -0.016589269042015076, 0.013032706454396248, -0.010147101245820522, -0.002146732760593295, 0.04483504220843315, -0.004161640536040068, 0.006241705734282732, 0.0067098625004291534, 0.035202860832214355, -0.07293437421321869, 0.0018831846537068486, -0.040449924767017365, 0.028392484411597252, 0.025652483105659485, -0.05924021452665329, 0.025536850094795227, 0.026201393455266953, -0.013140077702701092, -0.01216792780905962, -0.02330022118985653, 0.003835520474240184, -0.0056361909955739975, -0.008118740282952785, 0.03625330328941345, 0.012063889764249325, 0.011236323975026608, 0.04758527874946594, 0.027965374290943146, 0.016738921403884888, -0.019000766798853874, 0.0008712218841537833, -0.011905661784112453, 0.018309714272618294, 0.0009265071130357683, -0.005143971648067236, 0.02272515371441841, -0.059830840677022934, -0.00622314028441906, -0.004127746447920799, 0.000577689497731626, 0.0669945776462555, -0.009190901182591915, 0.02813958376646042, 0.04322969168424606, 0.05641099438071251, 0.008772472850978374, -0.010874270461499691, -0.002696170238777995, -0.046641476452350616, 0.0037767942994832993, 0.020771542564034462, -0.024960920214653015, 0.024782976135611534, 0.03314030542969704, 0.028521927073597908, -0.04734558239579201, -0.015274659730494022, 0.028664976358413696, -0.017036592587828636, 0.026949264109134674, -0.030383653938770294, 0.0006227444391697645, -0.016768740490078926, 0.01732819154858589, -0.03603104129433632, -0.019633175805211067, 0.052493128925561905, 0.000978937721811235, -0.07122234255075455, 0.015638485550880432, 0.0046327365562319756, -0.054476749151945114, -0.005587885156273842, -0.049424074590206146, 0.006732146721333265, -0.03210864216089249, -0.005542062688618898, -0.023144390434026718, -0.040294960141181946, -0.05370369926095009, 0.005477103404700756, -0.05468018725514412, 0.0008609716314822435, -0.006449312902987003, -0.0034321588464081287, 0.04653932526707649, -0.04224743694067001, 0.009581990540027618, -0.07788287103176117, 0.06629402190446854, 0.0237333532422781, 0.0051113604567945, -0.013285936787724495, -0.02046692557632923, -0.027033809572458267, -0.009318175725638866, 0.05606263503432274, -0.026331327855587006, 0.0140534657984972, -0.021044373512268066, 0.023659512400627136, 0.015201384201645851, -0.011991241946816444, 0.056335922330617905, 0.007463517598807812, -0.005940940231084824, -0.03861505910754204, -0.009380761533975601, 0.03945982828736305, -0.035648416727781296, 0.004327395930886269, -0.016287630423903465, -0.015014886856079102, 0.0058751096948981285, -0.019661109894514084, 0.02488100901246071, -0.003143779467791319, -0.03282743692398071, 0.054032377898693085, 0.0195475984364748, -0.006692487746477127, 0.037165991961956024, 0.008044370450079441, -0.0674060732126236, 0.045405056327581406, 0.009349999949336052, -0.029585644602775574, -0.046580228954553604, -0.009516684338450432, -0.010403056629002094, -0.04798335209488869, -0.0077452873811125755, 0.026605790480971336, -0.04845806583762169, 0.024419128894805908, 0.04956137016415596, 0.018642429262399673, 0.014951121062040329, -0.035285431891679764, 0.058555975556373596, 0.0031334073282778263, -0.027171773836016655, -0.003727083094418049, -0.007544978521764278, 0.059487346559762955, 0.02135155163705349, 0.011504965834319592, 0.02520124427974224, -0.003970576450228691, -0.008679979480803013, -0.020452037453651428, 0.013058127835392952, -0.045154768973588943, -0.03712793439626694, 0.0049996390007436275, 0.020122669637203217, 0.03906545415520668, 0.00467605609446764, 0.01540328934788704, 0.03758632019162178, -0.04211658984422684, -0.0013495219172909856, -0.03782481700181961, -0.014573964290320873, -0.0477386973798275, 0.004253419581800699, -0.0025918500032275915, 0.02305891364812851, 0.006018748506903648, -0.008879018947482109, -0.0024592827539891005, -0.023497866466641426, 0.020250461995601654, -0.012570862658321857, 0.0053016734309494495, -0.029917532578110695, -0.03140820190310478, -0.01637306809425354, -0.004825249779969454, -0.006950735114514828, -0.006698949262499809, 0.030742047354578972, 0.05598257854580879, 0.009420515038073063, -0.01806102879345417, -0.029112841933965683, 0.006499950774013996, 0.06767506152391434, -0.051314160227775574, -0.03222743049263954, -0.045634664595127106, -0.013921227306127548, 0.016861913725733757, -0.014582175761461258 ]
<p>I can understand what a handwritten digit is, but what is meant by "binary image"? Can someone explain it?</p> <p>I am studying machine learning concepts. In doing so, I've come across many types of inputs. For example: binary, continuous, and discrete. The inputs are provided through MNIST handwritten image datasets. In that, I have read about datasets consisting of binary images.</p> <p>I would also like to know about the difference between greyscale and binary images.</p>
29,168
[ -0.019777914509177208, -0.013770204037427902, -0.024091899394989014, -0.00609822990372777, 0.012084395624697208, 0.024464573711156845, -0.014631145633757114, 0.007031694054603577, -0.0026987900491803885, -0.021648503839969635, 0.03308169171214104, 0.023512138053774834, 0.011035449802875519, 0.016971653327345848, 0.00865138042718172, 0.012477963231503963, -0.03362816572189331, -0.027025144547224045, -0.002148064086213708, 0.018119672313332558, 0.011942354962229729, 0.018041960895061493, 0.07001914083957672, 0.021347947418689728, -0.009567096829414368, 0.03272581100463867, 0.012704799883067608, -0.0035685382317751646, 0.0740840807557106, 0.04982103779911995, -0.01678108610212803, -0.05048635974526405, -0.019725579768419266, 0.04061827063560486, -0.012301704846322536, -0.013532016426324844, -0.03832145780324936, -0.03047347068786621, -0.009786713868379593, -0.01188887469470501, -0.009816385805606842, -0.015203967690467834, 0.013883576728403568, 0.009545939043164253, -0.045872725546360016, -0.029674453660845757, 0.02318798378109932, -0.04718167334794998, -0.015703655779361725, -0.03961241990327835, 0.04772374778985977, -0.026793165132403374, 0.06476341933012009, 0.02758510410785675, 0.01614387147128582, 0.021712055429816246, 0.05634177476167679, 0.06542129814624786, -0.03367919474840164, -0.03891631215810776, -0.03444714844226837, -0.012961500324308872, 0.011612906120717525, -0.025571169331669807, -0.009202731773257256, 0.04099949076771736, -0.018249191343784332, -0.016495460644364357, 0.0215561855584383, 0.0048536076210439205, 0.0040825288742780685, 0.02659679390490055, 0.05045688524842262, -0.04070138558745384, 0.013193007558584213, -0.019015757367014885, 0.0037287978921085596, 0.014521585777401924, 0.021465182304382324, 0.032919712364673615, -0.008288990706205368, 0.03198406100273132, -0.02497190609574318, 0.015964051708579063, 0.04101970046758652, -0.034648597240448, 0.07888247072696686, -0.002342918189242482, 0.04247745871543884, -0.0018465425819158554, -0.007762928493320942, 0.0007631131447851658, 0.01692461594939232, -0.019150767475366592, -0.0298514012247324, 0.05688067525625229, -0.005361170507967472, 0.01632181741297245, 0.010117636062204838, -0.04137914627790451, 0.02400587685406208, -0.0224711075425148, 0.053537383675575256, 0.08220158517360687, -0.0277390293776989, 0.0027643784414976835, -0.008527720347046852, 0.059530243277549744, -0.002572065219283104, 0.021057896316051483, 0.011000467464327812, -0.004505183547735214, 0.018566275015473366, 0.023471791297197342, 0.019976135343313217, 0.009193679317831993, 0.027266468852758408, -0.009208681993186474, 0.001921641523949802, 0.05444684624671936, 0.01699582301080227, -0.07689034193754196, 0.047661419957876205, -0.045457545667886734, -0.046837013214826584, 0.044994696974754333, 0.024640247225761414, -0.019446643069386482, -0.02202903851866722, 0.027334051206707954, -0.032226234674453735, -0.021663464605808258, 0.03022131696343422, 0.0149171007797122, 0.04997079446911812, -0.014447756111621857, -0.09895369410514832, -0.05648375675082207, 0.024364683777093887, 0.013853222131729126, 0.0028109534177929163, -0.06492053717374802, 0.034955427050590515, 0.06487305462360382, 0.029252946376800537, -0.0009601081837899983, 0.01608388125896454, 0.012385080568492413, -0.005206023808568716, 0.012047023512423038, -0.024071214720606804, 0.0039817835204303265, 0.019751347601413727, -0.01653861068189144, 0.019271036610007286, -0.040468182414770126, 0.036740634590387344, 0.039521440863609314, -0.037120308727025986, -0.0952308401465416, 0.037350114434957504, -0.01318072434514761, 0.002113794907927513, 0.01952538453042507, -0.03624623641371727, -0.04964922368526459, 0.06814317405223846, -0.01631864346563816, 0.059103306382894516, 0.05882761627435684, -0.005797474179416895, 0.0295090414583683, 0.0514557771384716, 0.028774339705705643, 0.03283875063061714, 0.016049157828092575, -0.04681388661265373, -0.05599882826209068, 0.019853124395012856, -0.007616570219397545, -0.044115517288446426, -0.04214579239487648, 0.001669846591539681, 0.008557425811886787, -0.002706989413127303, 0.02072119526565075, 0.009229286573827267, -0.03718505799770355, 0.034725505858659744, -0.04157976433634758, -0.006771371699869633, -0.05690127983689308, 0.0246677678078413, -0.039706479758024216, 0.0050488184206187725, 0.011515926569700241, -0.016843659803271294, 0.008470476604998112, -0.00640167947858572, -0.03830057010054588, -0.038527749478816986, -0.02022300288081169, 0.0012279372895136476, -0.045056942850351334, -0.0035497560165822506, 0.02751416154205799, -0.004967433866113424, -0.0022762573789805174, 0.02745475061237812, -0.012445864267647266, -0.048328932374715805, 0.021305443719029427, 0.015199811197817326, 0.05189421772956848, -0.030916796997189522, -0.025103667750954628, 0.02642490155994892, 0.004543284419924021, -0.03690285235643387, 0.035734377801418304, -0.0240488164126873, 0.07671507447957993, 0.007380072958767414, -0.007029657252132893, -0.0075808558613061905, 0.013886227272450924, 0.002982258563861251, -0.0028969866689294577, -0.03077426180243492, -0.01724553294479847, -0.07595957070589066, -0.004059713799506426, 0.06726441532373428, 0.01694479025900364, -0.06264274567365646, 0.03405200317502022, -0.010693179443478584, 0.05692290514707565, 0.03209291025996208, 0.008960457518696785, -0.007634056732058525, 0.0008413290488533676, 0.008682480081915855, -0.013503995724022388, 0.000749153841752559, 0.016331901773810387, 0.05328522250056267, 0.008023764938116074, 0.03900216519832611, 0.033227384090423584, -0.029579613357782364, 0.06019676476716995, -0.03537430614233017, 0.021767640486359596, -0.029316753149032593, -0.03637000918388367, 0.03491037338972092, -0.048596568405628204, -0.016533799469470978, 0.009273453615605831, -0.027890091761946678, -0.02183971181511879, 0.013641727156937122, 0.01633366383612156, -0.0017585906898602843, 0.05604390799999237, -0.052763719111680984, -0.02022104524075985, 0.01836022175848484, -0.0106531186029315, 0.03596043586730957, 0.0019060299964621663, -0.011446699500083923, -0.0372483916580677, 0.03452710434794426, 0.03150492161512375, -0.004235311411321163, 0.029442599043250084, -0.030463965609669685, -0.034260544925928116, -0.004735378082841635, -0.04383851960301399, 0.029549365863204002, -0.011868542060256004, -0.04422404617071152, -0.0018166020745411515, -0.03300866484642029, -0.017870942130684853, 0.024683380499482155, 0.0005788813577964902, 0.01099682878702879, -0.05070605129003525, -0.04080510884523392, 0.0043696328066289425, -0.018674654886126518, -0.04098377749323845, 0.03815276175737381, 0.0030344773549586535, -0.02427658811211586, 0.03717538341879845, 0.008440425619482994, -0.01997401937842369, 0.02374318428337574, -0.01971348561346531, -0.03051314689218998, -0.03452010825276375, 0.009054699912667274, 0.04645508900284767, -0.027444016188383102, 0.0325019396841526, 0.03359586000442505, -0.03111160360276699, 0.0020065447315573692, -0.0672580823302269, -0.07194819301366806, 0.01032230444252491, 0.001376501051709056, 0.005981157533824444, 0.007294666953384876, -0.009383035823702812, 0.06934623420238495, 0.030123183503746986, -0.017596423625946045, -0.031060202047228813, -0.020537441596388817, -0.026560623198747635, -0.012217427603900433, -0.00030179895111359656, 0.025390641763806343, 0.01668975129723549, -0.009331854991614819, 0.006077461410313845, 0.01457999087870121, 0.06201047822833061, -0.026323741301894188, -0.01715819351375103, 0.00282812281511724, -0.005242422688752413, -0.0399642176926136, 0.010169396176934242, 0.011784135363996029, -0.034595292061567307, 0.046144332736730576, -0.008091677911579609, 0.025745732709765434, 0.016818659380078316, 0.000819904322270304, 0.06273946166038513, -0.003938436042517424, 0.028610920533537865, -0.04894932359457016, 0.030262377113103867, -0.017097705975174904, 0.0014435752527788281, 0.02023213356733322, 0.006834954023361206, 0.031381431967020035, -0.011050817556679249, -0.008919989690184593, 0.01083638146519661, 0.03885761648416519, -0.028512459248304367, 0.004919086582958698, 0.007234305143356323, -0.020225010812282562, 0.01571880839765072, -0.006126387044787407, 0.03547048941254616, 0.031134434044361115, 0.013018154539167881, 0.021160827949643135, -0.019039608538150787, -0.020158492028713226, -0.030740438029170036, -0.06362629681825638, -0.02975326217710972, 0.019156338647007942, 0.0376741997897625, 0.006413554307073355, 0.0587441585958004, 0.01957949995994568, 0.004541084636002779, 0.05421847850084305, 0.018130818381905556, -0.06601091474294662, 0.011578241363167763, -0.0006380819249898195, 0.0011938924435526133, 0.00520349619910121, -0.015090323984622955, 0.009286901913583279, -0.032129283994436264, -0.04476294666528702, 0.016183700412511826, 0.015351775102317333, -0.02986741252243519, 0.01566244848072529, 0.019082507118582726, 0.00584037508815527, 0.009969892911612988, 0.021340960636734962, -0.021079307422041893, -0.0006185472593642771, -0.003867106745019555, 0.011773619800806046, 0.033252812922000885, -0.027523547410964966, -0.0035956744104623795, -0.00619509257376194, 0.0013263775035738945, 0.01547974068671465, 0.027955060824751854, 0.03906552121043205, -0.024882227182388306, 0.013441181741654873, 0.03651689365506172, 0.0842832699418068, 0.011202961206436157, -0.03515608236193657, -0.011320897378027439, -0.07100389152765274, -0.0199544969946146, -0.0031592384912073612, 0.02393238991498947, -0.01637796312570572, 0.026219716295599937, 0.03982444480061531, 0.01696169562637806, -0.03864838555455208, 0.04222198948264122, 0.05854860693216324, 0.004579670261591673, -0.022089999169111252, -0.039073530584573746, -0.02550641819834709, -0.02550169639289379, -0.003788022557273507, 0.05307815223932266, 0.010599792003631592, 0.00807796511799097, 0.0010282817529514432, 0.03285249322652817, -0.05945359170436859, -0.046943116933107376, -0.039058733731508255, 0.012847484089434147, 0.018405741080641747, -0.023751715198159218, 0.0007781238527968526, 0.01914386637508869, 0.033185750246047974, 0.030208967626094818, 0.03458404913544655, -0.05335075780749321, -0.1092272475361824, 0.007609756663441658, 0.04914793744683266, 0.006529390346258879, -0.01036033220589161, -0.016387932002544403, -0.07450462877750397, 0.0026140420231968164, -0.006327107083052397, -0.004933628253638744, 0.025248536840081215, -0.02848643995821476, 0.010659993626177311, -0.015414508059620857, 0.0027203040663152933, 0.020765701308846474, 0.01825946755707264, -0.005010547116398811, 0.040659770369529724, -0.0089759835973382, -0.01655256748199463, -0.036609962582588196, 0.019845498725771904, -0.017083901911973953, 0.06538352370262146, -0.02034236676990986, 0.015612023882567883, 0.02011721581220627, 0.006526990793645382, -0.010264404118061066, -0.05320964753627777, 0.0026932957116514444, 0.010877017863094807, -0.004791946616023779, 0.02741464041173458, 0.006024823058396578, -0.0571925975382328, 0.018977245315909386, 0.001507936860434711, -0.023438800126314163, -0.014455852098762989, -0.06781292706727982, 0.026446959003806114, 0.022059664130210876, -0.01594208925962448, 0.04153170809149742, 0.01088843122124672, -0.0012457439443096519, 0.00819480698555708, -0.06073996052145958, 0.049107570201158524, -0.02560092881321907, 0.003918809816241264, -0.04503612220287323, 0.008153211325407028, -0.005137031897902489, 0.06150341406464577, 0.03093472123146057, 0.06733051687479019, -0.011794026009738445, -0.0709274411201477, -0.03977107256650925, 0.016234369948506355, 0.007343783043324947, -0.02325441688299179, -0.024234989657998085, 0.0042110709473490715, -0.018302658572793007, -0.012304039672017097, 0.01832992397248745, -0.008618171326816082, 0.002060685772448778, 0.01826079562306404, -0.005702211521565914, -0.00650335568934679, -0.021876618266105652, -0.026670798659324646, 0.03521905466914177, 0.014347889460623264, 0.027294892817735672, -0.005153103731572628, -0.0069615659303963184, -0.0013679389376193285, -0.08772671222686768, -0.03271753713488579, -0.024226421490311623, -0.010426524095237255, 0.007869692519307137, -0.024634843692183495, 0.03870090842247009, 0.013357516378164291, 0.008781523443758488, -0.04566691815853119, -0.06195515766739845, -0.007269319612532854, -0.001284589059650898, -0.016498379409313202, 0.0074340044520795345, 0.02741169184446335, 0.019250014796853065, -0.033029358834028244, 0.019320515915751457, 0.04807400330901146, -0.01628611795604229, -0.013792788609862328, 0.013772612437605858, -0.02106275036931038, 0.056845128536224365, 0.004412369336932898, -0.023947685956954956, -0.008507071994245052, 0.0007555806078016758, -0.0014200785662978888, 0.015544891357421875, 0.02155611850321293, -0.014407924376428127, 0.0006091314135119319, -0.007322447840124369, -0.004222270101308823, 0.03120674192905426, -0.01706734299659729, 0.009448801167309284, -0.004545014817267656, -0.0004155287751927972, 0.010678255930542946, -0.003407989628612995, 0.006418699864298105, 0.0064303698018193245, 0.008730115368962288, -0.03302878886461258, -0.02518380619585514, 0.017300667241215706, -0.033043231815099716, 0.04055352509021759, 0.03786041587591171, -0.012549200095236301, 0.026945622637867928, 0.0766054317355156, -0.02392738126218319, 0.018130837008357048, 0.006146485451608896, -0.06555922329425812, 0.08337195217609406, 0.0022093818988651037, 0.04075142368674278, 0.005088026635348797, 0.03345493599772453, -0.0227532759308815, 0.030932916328310966, -0.062232837080955505, -0.011234630830585957, 0.025375625118613243, 0.005556781310588121, 0.05023754760622978, 0.02793278358876705, -0.041140783578157425, 0.02606075629591942, -0.01583910547196865, -0.008244014345109463, 0.0286461990326643, -0.013119411654770374, 0.04995134472846985, -0.011407057754695415, -0.0472550094127655, -0.0019487276440486312, -0.011581765487790108, 0.023922506719827652, 0.03296951577067375, 0.02238253876566887, -0.0012722985120490193, 0.009258976206183434, -0.025235207751393318, -0.03485913947224617, 0.024536479264497757, -0.005834541283547878, 0.021974042057991028, -0.008148235268890858, -0.05415300279855728, 0.05778716504573822, 0.030370021238923073, 0.01827659085392952, -0.06292840093374252, -0.002483170013874769, -0.03593647852540016, -0.0026933830231428146, 0.016049573197960854, -0.016763443127274513, 0.02298543229699135, -0.006454598158597946, -0.020494263619184494, 0.005291871726512909, 0.02402631565928459, 0.005363047122955322, -0.05300269275903702, -0.03726934641599655, -0.057565510272979736, -0.0412452295422554, 0.013378381729125977, 0.012876348569989204, -0.023945679888129234, -0.00960560142993927, -0.0463654100894928, 0.04238343983888626, 0.021629035472869873, 0.010094482451677322, -0.03347035124897957, 0.05062691867351532, -0.02245311811566353, 0.05527963116765022, 0.01916564628481865, -0.004282946698367596, 0.10914729535579681, 0.10519155114889145, 0.01043315976858139, -0.08711262047290802, 0.014577910304069519, -0.015099764801561832, -0.0005442227120511234, -0.010576529428362846, 0.04169417545199394, 0.01848069578409195, -0.007391412742435932, 0.008803931064903736, -0.01572173647582531, -0.00754947867244482, 0.005031895358115435, 0.02657717652618885, -0.0465434268116951, -0.015514768660068512, 0.030383707955479622, 0.0204360019415617, -0.027167974039912224, 0.032603081315755844, -0.07572247833013535, 0.0016893051797524095, 0.02649703435599804, -0.040041275322437286, 0.015224119648337364, -0.02629164233803749, 0.05152696371078491, 0.01817288063466549, -0.029268907383084297, -0.039563119411468506, 0.00157262256834656, -0.025654619559645653, 0.031230706721544266, -0.001714370446279645, -0.01282439660280943, -0.0012393780052661896, -0.00306517630815506, 0.01259832177311182, -0.003494169795885682, -0.010407371446490288, -0.01717595010995865, -0.045659493654966354, -0.019657421857118607, -0.011481103487312794, -0.0760645791888237, 0.007756086532026529, -0.0073274876922369, 0.0021316574420779943, -0.0249877218157053, 0.035106852650642395, -0.020707877352833748, -0.051780570298433304, -0.02432195283472538, 0.052488937973976135, -0.00013697364192921668, -0.002030065516009927, -0.07043690979480743, -0.035051435232162476, 0.033793382346630096, -0.028414277359843254, 0.0637747049331665, 0.024715352803468704, -0.04214240983128548, 0.0328979566693306, -0.012720434926450253, 0.029237918555736542, 0.02498025819659233, -0.0008295211591757834, 0.021809639409184456, -0.007021836005151272, -0.011400558054447174, -0.0661831647157669, -0.008724372833967209, 0.007805852219462395, -0.012692473828792572, 0.020659439265727997, -0.016791783273220062, 0.0452662818133831, 0.01212121732532978, 0.03824227303266525, 0.008247281424701214, 0.005853087175637484, -0.010792274959385395, -0.0007861533085815609, 0.060706548392772675, 0.01463171187788248, 0.028529176488518715, 0.017042243853211403, -0.015588399954140186, -0.01978735812008381, 0.02144201472401619, -0.04743519797921181, 0.0011448500445112586, 0.04927779361605644, -0.04378065839409828, 0.026179170235991478, -0.042077261954545975, 0.03780335932970047, 0.025684159249067307, 0.014309488236904144, -0.01570485159754753, 0.035876788198947906, 0.009130922146141529, 0.007232402451336384, -0.029965175315737724, -0.051533088088035583, 0.005534671247005463, 0.0036562553141266108, 0.009375868365168571, -0.05519643798470497, -0.05410014092922211, -0.021198231726884842, -0.0143835274502635, 0.019017521291971207, -0.0023596729151904583, -0.018838752061128616, 0.006627430208027363, -0.010187976993620396, 0.04163051024079323, -0.004677506163716316, -0.06505665928125381, -0.03409139811992645, -0.0011273754062131047, 0.008984033018350601, -0.026687080040574074, 0.02929922379553318, -0.010238579474389553, 0.0016819897573441267, -0.006993115413933992, 0.042751494795084, 0.022181764245033264, 0.011632869951426983, 0.02159705199301243, 0.04483745992183685, -0.029244793578982353, 0.03020603209733963, -0.026884932070970535, -0.02227836102247238, 0.012879783287644386, -0.03132830560207367, -0.016942432150244713, 0.027767445892095566, -0.03351176902651787, 0.006546043790876865, 0.028641177341341972, -0.020012160763144493, -0.014227383770048618, 0.07303782552480698, -0.028606316074728966, -0.015812259167432785, 0.012300354428589344, -0.0018771911272779107, -0.023855233564972878, -0.015993602573871613, -0.004645438864827156, -0.017843153327703476, -0.015429411083459854, 0.03764449059963226, -0.0071323830634355545, 0.031086338683962822, -0.03214271366596222, 0.02074396051466465, 0.007553919218480587, 0.01097698975354433, -0.002196850022301078, -0.008989005349576473, 0.014465692453086376, 0.017000891268253326, -0.03247148543596268, 0.06274635344743729, 0.006111649330705404, -0.015855422243475914, -0.099629245698452, 0.012984814122319221, 0.016072606667876244, 0.020984617993235588, 0.022054452449083328, -0.07686182111501694, 0.012819450348615646, 0.013304131105542183, -0.03700810670852661, -0.010309378616511822, -0.0064329421147704124, -0.026245344430208206, -0.014355489052832127, -0.003524842206388712, 0.010515839792788029, 0.018197784200310707, 0.021525060757994652, 0.018898960202932358, 0.03625171259045601, 0.0258183591067791, -0.04239162057638168, 0.0060933432541787624, -0.01412726379930973, 0.0246404018253088, -0.03153092786669731, -0.04100601002573967, 0.06198401376605034, -0.0223377738147974, -0.03455997258424759, 0.05858149752020836, 0.03669806942343712, -0.015087882056832314, 0.055487003177404404, 0.043840039521455765, 0.008631817065179348, 0.03239668160676956, 0.02714391052722931, -0.009341607801616192, -0.03651871159672737, -0.014560944400727749, 0.033159289509058, 0.05184153467416763, 0.030909869819879532, -0.0015108095249161124, -0.018889181315898895, 0.00380326877348125, -0.04540173336863518, 0.04510631412267685, -0.036018434911966324, -0.020776543766260147, -0.007173455320298672, -0.0027408855967223644, 0.031573425978422165, -0.04093882068991661, 0.04206697270274162, -0.0445578433573246, -0.011404568329453468, -0.010933607816696167, -0.02620704099535942, 0.0009831443894654512, 0.030653009191155434, 0.01469497475773096, -0.03227958455681801, 0.0037046074867248535, 0.01695217750966549, -0.01676567830145359, -0.039252493530511856, 0.019194355234503746, 0.030592963099479675, -0.017302824184298515, 0.0010968120768666267, -0.00256344978697598, -0.020177122205495834, 0.041446391493082047, -0.026818985119462013, 0.02595098316669464, 0.010579681023955345, -0.06761842966079712, -0.041378844529390335, -0.062330134212970734, 0.05666789412498474, 0.0067008486948907375, 0.01115315593779087, -0.04644092544913292, -0.00360054150223732, -0.05938646197319031, 0.0013902332866564393, 0.07182331383228302, 0.009937341324985027, 0.011624012142419815, -0.030732618644833565, 0.0023936263751238585, 0.002438758499920368, -0.017605377361178398, -0.0035897805355489254, -0.038043949753046036, -0.03818429633975029, -0.018223464488983154, -0.014017290435731411, -0.011162171140313148, 0.02769315429031849, 0.03536127507686615, -0.010047907009720802, -0.02403695322573185, -0.0057784863747656345, 0.005486966576427221, 0.028145818039774895, 0.037926770746707916, 0.012582018971443176, 0.04466811195015907, -0.012664349749684334, 0.0011594942770898342, 0.018898462876677513, 0.013528607785701752, -0.06460747122764587, 0.01393150445073843, 0.01302291452884674, 0.004873432219028473, -0.0063773635774850845, 0.005959057714790106, 0.06031671538949013, -0.07159145921468735, -0.010573061183094978, 0.02677258662879467, -0.03248036652803421, 0.031289830803871155, 0.07227736711502075, 0.022159336134791374, 0.03802749514579773, 0.006925391033291817, 0.01324875745922327, 0.020226936787366867, -0.016925424337387085, -0.004365721717476845, -0.02291296049952507, -0.02113926038146019, -0.018172400072216988, 0.022298922762274742, 0.005059444345533848, 0.008319237269461155, 0.03575403615832329, -0.020595533773303032, 0.03667418286204338, -0.013998068869113922, -0.020662568509578705, -0.01839369535446167, -0.010719511657953262, -0.004799158312380314, 0.0066798655316233635, 0.012164877727627754, 0.07399266213178635, -0.008137114346027374, -0.016133787110447884, -0.020400535315275192, -0.007540426217019558, -0.045540500432252884, -0.0012555619468912482, 0.022925063967704773, 0.024259719997644424, 0.03136630728840828, 0.016470180824398994, 0.0020347661338746548, 0.014561140909790993, 0.06482217460870743, -0.046822067350149155, 0.022253919392824173, 0.011958912014961243, -0.022308923304080963, 0.02096644788980484, 0.02718210779130459, -0.02012401819229126, 0.0008159748394973576, 0.002775079570710659, 0.03966524824500084, 0.03965607285499573, 0.025900565087795258, -0.036788586527109146, 0.007384101394563913, 0.029928063973784447, -0.07349816709756851, 0.004113907925784588, -0.019544534385204315, 0.05118664726614952, 0.02334664762020111, -0.017359517514705658 ]
<p>I'm trying to improve accuracy in a Naive Bayes classifier that uses a bunch of features. I have a hunch that removing some features may actually improve performance. My reasoning is for a particular feature the estimated PDFs across the classes may be different slightly because of the limited amount of learning data, not because they really are different. For example if a feature accross 2 classes had the same histogram except for some noise</p> <pre><code>| | ||| ||| |||||||_ noise _|||||||| p(x1 | C1), or H1(x) | | ||| ||| ||||||||________|||||||| p(x1 | C2), or H2(x) </code></pre> <p>I'm already aware that when modelling p(x1 | C1) I could have chosen a larger bin-width to smooth out the noise, but let's say this was an "optimal" bandwidth in the example above. I want to identify these kinds of cases and remove the feature.</p> <p>I looked at was Kullback–Leibler divergence. But, I can't see how to compute it because $KL(H2 || H1) = \sum H_2(i) log( \frac{H_2(i)}{H_1(i)}) $ is not defined for example histograms above because of the zeroes in one case where H2(x) is not zero. Or vise versa for KL(H1||H2).</p> <p>Any suggestions, thoughts? Thanks.</p>
74,106
[ -0.030410394072532654, 0.019052138552069664, 0.036363717168569565, 0.010485075414180756, 0.005615899804979563, -0.020209042355418205, -0.014625531621277332, -0.006729163695126772, 0.01645711064338684, -0.005558073054999113, 0.02693829871714115, 0.04299287497997284, 0.06626692414283752, 0.03249793499708176, 0.056504782289266586, -0.030559156090021133, -0.024748649448156357, -0.04328317940235138, 0.004782341420650482, -0.017824938520789146, 0.0017916691722348332, 0.01704934798181057, 0.07676281034946442, 0.006207793951034546, -0.04699556902050972, 0.05691663175821304, 0.017608901485800743, -0.005241351667791605, 0.023068208247423172, 0.06389100849628448, -0.023943115025758743, -0.016483889892697334, -0.00032781847403384745, 0.06230604648590088, -0.013661034405231476, -0.01265101507306099, -0.030180595815181732, -0.05483699217438698, -0.009292316623032093, 0.02756596729159355, -0.02173534594476223, 0.006294138729572296, 0.020438140258193016, 0.03634190931916237, -0.022161053493618965, -0.013312204740941525, 0.0016799705335870385, -0.040252067148685455, 0.015393590554594994, -0.05179062858223915, 0.059417080134153366, 0.013842619955539703, 0.047339871525764465, 0.06502906233072281, -0.006534423679113388, -0.023626673966646194, 0.04279138892889023, 0.10119163990020752, -0.02073683962225914, -0.06897874176502228, 0.009983915835618973, -0.03727545961737633, 0.019473733380436897, -0.007952362298965454, -0.023700574412941933, 0.03883420675992966, -0.031162463128566742, -0.07657644897699356, 0.023245278745889664, -0.01234500017017126, 0.01364477351307869, 0.009752824902534485, 0.04503633454442024, -0.0337967611849308, 0.04852501302957535, -0.016113122925162315, -0.02245933748781681, 0.06289231777191162, 0.01920793205499649, 0.04252771660685539, -0.005221244879066944, -0.03238233923912048, 0.010825247503817081, 0.055721502751111984, 0.02005503699183464, 0.0029758671298623085, 0.06797099858522415, -0.03869355842471123, 0.03919395059347153, 0.02572484128177166, -0.012416763231158257, 0.0130368173122406, 0.07152796536684036, 0.010034496895968914, -0.011562684550881386, 0.05771072208881378, -0.002984244842082262, 0.013948308303952217, 0.01283843070268631, -0.03336270898580551, 0.003743027802556753, -0.04151324927806854, 0.006707689259201288, 0.05121173337101936, -0.02548610419034958, 0.020325927063822746, -0.024961965158581734, -0.00978394690901041, -0.01967078447341919, -0.0016475711017847061, -0.026430396363139153, 0.01206984557211399, 0.021375995129346848, -0.016059095039963722, -0.016844358295202255, -0.021805159747600555, -0.016139768064022064, -0.010551605373620987, 0.02336171828210354, 0.03922764211893082, 0.031036602333188057, -0.002907141111791134, 0.034643322229385376, -0.0016474028816446662, -0.033180125057697296, 0.011638482101261616, 0.021282244473695755, -0.025570448487997055, -0.029126349836587906, 0.059853196144104004, -0.02640199288725853, 0.007912639528512955, 0.06166626140475273, 0.017458222806453705, -0.0024389259051531553, -0.0024153883568942547, -0.052737679332494736, -0.03450675681233406, 0.027593715116381645, -0.02922815829515457, 0.027076920494437218, -0.027406981214880943, -0.01771189272403717, 0.044956762343645096, 0.04229457676410675, 0.013136795721948147, 0.016936378553509712, -0.014951890334486961, 0.021876582875847816, 0.015131625346839428, -0.03416086360812187, -0.015042811632156372, -0.054232072085142136, 0.010723975487053394, -0.058510590344667435, -0.05959751084446907, -0.001178072765469551, 0.030022265389561653, -0.037554629147052765, -0.021938374266028404, 0.032872214913368225, 0.01465702522546053, -0.024366183206439018, 0.002039218321442604, 0.0011167516931891441, -0.04587600752711296, 0.10509275645017624, 0.010627591982483864, 0.03925001993775368, -0.00039086700417101383, -0.009578155353665352, -0.007833458483219147, -0.00505224009975791, 0.023851042613387108, 0.043237242847681046, -0.007762955967336893, -0.011638653464615345, -0.0537700392305851, 0.04722817242145538, -0.0031290664337575436, -0.0009992645354941487, -0.010772502049803734, -0.02358260378241539, 0.0035525094717741013, -0.023464607074856758, 0.041912566870450974, 0.005089129321277142, -0.03853997215628624, 0.04378601908683777, -0.0064731137827038765, -0.01207762397825718, -0.06661596894264221, 0.01591196097433567, -0.009285133332014084, -0.011923370882868767, 0.02898505888879299, 0.0011604111641645432, 0.04421137645840645, -0.011631535366177559, -0.01980595663189888, -0.0322069451212883, -0.04078051820397377, 0.01321643777191639, -0.034497521817684174, 0.0029670277144759893, 0.044100042432546616, 0.010458785109221935, 0.0248697642236948, 0.06378362327814102, -0.027594294399023056, -0.04565941542387009, 0.016042236238718033, -0.0008753505535423756, -0.0011593104572966695, -0.03475586324930191, 0.009008504450321198, -0.0010618029627949, -0.022964656352996826, -0.023432061076164246, -0.005844945088028908, -0.04692567139863968, 0.0677611380815506, 0.08033570647239685, 0.027561597526073456, 0.017210733145475388, 0.016418127343058586, -0.010089941322803497, 0.024090247228741646, -0.03133276477456093, -0.008956254459917545, -0.02674158848822117, 0.006628857925534248, 0.06407762318849564, 0.00402813358232379, -0.0279498640447855, -0.01776341162621975, 0.02796325646340847, -0.004723804071545601, 0.01569311134517193, 0.01239358726888895, 0.0018522556638345122, -0.02045786753296852, 0.038185108453035355, 0.009758380241692066, -0.0079234279692173, -0.028222667053341866, 0.032843925058841705, 0.012084254063665867, 0.08978476375341415, -0.007917823269963264, -0.023859146982431412, 0.017226796597242355, -0.0007507848786190152, 0.010850169695913792, -0.03806118667125702, -0.0006704718107357621, 0.009054024703800678, -0.0069950660690665245, 0.019978772848844528, 0.05969429388642311, -0.0005380037473514676, 0.012751073576509953, 0.004739845637232065, -0.00875248946249485, 0.016389163210988045, 0.018618684262037277, -0.02371756173670292, 0.024235548451542854, 0.024741796776652336, -0.04540280997753143, 0.005902423989027739, 0.027108296751976013, -0.05443352460861206, -0.0449683777987957, 0.023022210225462914, 0.042174819856882095, -0.0016266595339402556, 0.001140347681939602, -0.027027158066630363, -0.033390551805496216, 0.005712222307920456, 0.0018020354909822345, 0.024244237691164017, -0.02407795935869217, -0.014222935773432255, -0.00869479589164257, -0.000004613839337253012, 0.0096743768081069, -0.02605948969721794, -0.0405556820333004, -0.023397482931613922, -0.0015623964136466384, -0.014284816570580006, -0.036838170140981674, -0.007751778699457645, -0.025859612971544266, 0.04720407724380493, -0.0013541760854423046, -0.04038165882229805, 0.04799118638038635, 0.026986170560121536, -0.04254159331321716, 0.01646631956100464, -0.01954467222094536, -0.06583953648805618, -0.048913370817899704, -0.007555203977972269, 0.020204829052090645, -0.007273069117218256, -0.022557498887181282, 0.03414926677942276, -0.028594179078936577, -0.022571854293346405, -0.04352140054106712, -0.06476504355669022, 0.005378340370953083, -0.0188866276293993, 0.03683770075440407, -0.020779114216566086, -0.018819786608219147, 0.07326305657625198, 0.05709416791796684, -0.013677490875124931, -0.010478071868419647, -0.0043144216760993, -0.02392658218741417, -0.029160669073462486, -0.006613276898860931, -0.0073295654729008675, 0.04382210969924927, 0.03156692162156105, -0.00185674917884171, -0.012737231329083443, 0.053980752825737, 0.011936311610043049, -0.017348794266581535, 0.02963411994278431, -0.032424088567495346, -0.04516887664794922, 0.01773204281926155, 0.0373804047703743, -0.011683585122227669, 0.02281028963625431, 0.03292253613471985, 0.026572739705443382, 0.023187171667814255, -0.06173262372612953, 0.008045211434364319, -0.005574278067797422, 0.03903032839298248, -0.02138235978782177, 0.0018039215356111526, 0.025400830432772636, -0.03685728460550308, -0.014608371071517467, 0.006237350404262543, 0.02273399382829666, -0.051143672317266464, 0.01044618058949709, 0.016894401982426643, 0.019039757549762726, 0.02208320051431656, -0.020967775955796242, -0.010233559645712376, 0.0009764457936398685, 0.02730916254222393, -0.006310475990176201, -0.022935114800930023, 0.02800666354596615, 0.04779551178216934, 0.021819986402988434, -0.0069015068002045155, -0.06480330973863602, 0.0008391541778109968, -0.07674244791269302, -0.0070573678240180016, -0.014520491473376751, 0.07902137190103531, 0.024046339094638824, -0.005591166205704212, 0.009274814277887344, 0.007272773422300816, -0.012889530509710312, 0.01259919349104166, -0.0735364705324173, 0.025808170437812805, -0.008890553377568722, -0.01605994813144207, 0.01725936494767666, -0.018522199243307114, 0.07341014593839645, -0.05023358762264252, 0.007899949327111244, -0.004491522908210754, 0.028669139370322227, -0.0574721060693264, -0.007361315190792084, 0.004939062986522913, -0.01593165472149849, -0.02513529360294342, -0.0027134912088513374, 0.001055210712365806, 0.04137113690376282, 0.052429910749197006, 0.03729385882616043, 0.02022715099155903, 0.026981856673955917, -0.014200529083609581, 0.028196832165122032, -0.022444283589720726, 0.019065886735916138, 0.02223363146185875, 0.026213355362415314, 0.0024471834767609835, 0.04563036188483238, -0.0051735807210206985, 0.0742175355553627, 0.0473027303814888, 0.028611425310373306, 0.03951599821448326, -0.018194139003753662, -0.04193276911973953, -0.010259056463837624, 0.059684377163648605, -0.017756110057234764, -0.011458411812782288, 0.033430393785238266, 0.042552657425403595, -0.024015046656131744, 0.0010395647259429097, 0.06375890225172043, 0.016315553337335587, -0.011441636830568314, -0.00549962418153882, -0.02282768487930298, -0.005639735609292984, -0.00033995811827480793, 0.0003438672865740955, 0.0023805988021194935, -0.008815587498247623, -0.050827331840991974, 0.050526849925518036, 0.009396884590387344, 0.004364550579339266, -0.007694336120039225, 0.046409670263528824, 0.014176154509186745, -0.0018618821632117033, -0.006317310966551304, 0.004060665611177683, 0.03331805020570755, 0.01668803207576275, -0.002901626517996192, 0.011698337271809578, -0.10315115004777908, -0.015413347631692886, -0.009429174475371838, 0.043587274849414825, 0.00614917790517211, -0.017149774357676506, -0.061682697385549545, -0.01585249789059162, 0.017930231988430023, -0.020180141553282738, 0.027296949177980423, -0.013944585807621479, 0.0016469487454742193, 0.008838645182549953, 0.0009984183125197887, -0.060124531388282776, 0.022114302963018417, -0.01766773872077465, 0.044870004057884216, -0.0014333563158288598, -0.005938818212598562, -0.036400772631168365, 0.025314707309007645, -0.002177583985030651, 0.04976595938205719, -0.01690373197197914, -0.044407837092876434, 0.007277399767190218, 0.035230934619903564, -0.020939698442816734, -0.060872770845890045, 0.012248336337506771, -0.01491369679570198, -0.009390516206622124, 0.016256684437394142, -0.017241675406694412, -0.046315133571624756, 0.022762663662433624, 0.03323361277580261, -0.04509706795215607, 0.002485035452991724, -0.0003842984442599118, 0.022465622052550316, 0.03736778721213341, 0.05853358283638954, 0.05698658898472786, 0.0860212966799736, 0.003444330533966422, 0.001880160067230463, -0.0180822741240263, 0.028165053576231003, -0.03579898551106453, -0.02337687835097313, -0.06624612212181091, -0.0011152827646583319, -0.016727106645703316, 0.03236491605639458, -0.017677506431937218, 0.048430342227220535, -0.006181938108056784, -0.012939012609422207, 0.008495439775288105, 0.024381134659051895, -0.025442898273468018, -0.01762087270617485, -0.025416996330022812, 0.04062541946768761, -0.014657864347100258, 0.03876391425728798, 0.01927301101386547, 0.007500495295971632, -0.003750436706468463, 0.007973616011440754, -0.014621983282268047, 0.027621768414974213, -0.04697170481085777, -0.006674626842141151, -0.019302958622574806, -0.0030724755488336086, 0.026593513786792755, -0.0001179012906504795, 0.013715564273297787, 0.022060353308916092, -0.020762907341122627, -0.007090114988386631, -0.04534227028489113, -0.01873122900724411, 0.03154461085796356, -0.07156162708997726, 0.011087487451732159, -0.03285614773631096, -0.020289506763219833, -0.08661779016256332, -0.008645975962281227, 0.000877424783539027, 0.02775285765528679, -0.021577032282948494, -0.05705363675951958, 0.000773624749854207, -0.00009720066009322181, -0.0037531778216362, -0.001393767073750496, 0.06042606756091118, 0.026478052139282227, -0.0035268201027065516, 0.011472202837467194, 0.03739897534251213, 0.07445096969604492, 0.010892705991864204, -0.009522408246994019, 0.03189608454704285, -0.019295452162623405, -0.032868243753910065, 0.016246458515524864, 0.037860363721847534, -0.024350114166736603, -0.0014750970294699073, -0.043528962880373, 0.004076714627444744, 0.025462206453084946, -0.02101198211312294, -0.04188798367977142, -0.021156402304768562, 0.033690210431814194, -0.0030959192663431168, -0.013729613274335861, -0.037186309695243835, 0.0026999060064554214, 0.024443859234452248, -0.004618408624082804, -0.013397008180618286, -0.022676249966025352, -0.043164998292922974, 0.010313481092453003, 0.010551265440881252, 0.00922296941280365, 0.005712553393095732, 0.055473148822784424, -0.015178555622696877, 0.014766689389944077, 0.010775663889944553, -0.03172457590699196, 0.08415700495243073, 0.003449378302320838, 0.0024229029659181833, 0.018605245277285576, 0.04021920636296272, -0.02355482243001461, -0.0018112895777449012, -0.07058663666248322, -0.006340833846479654, 0.05306151881814003, -0.01476345770061016, 0.04538196697831154, 0.01764066144824028, -0.006730073131620884, 0.009173803962767124, -0.021484598517417908, -0.02483505941927433, -0.01599281281232834, 0.008350739255547523, 0.053584709763526917, 0.024163268506526947, -0.013441981747746468, 0.03464251384139061, -0.005400077439844608, 0.013761908747255802, 0.029272645711898804, -0.015777243301272392, 0.03437632694840431, 0.028741391375660896, -0.033030737191438675, -0.017319902777671814, 0.029309667646884918, -0.02888910286128521, -0.004488569218665361, 0.004725398030132055, -0.03556514158844948, 0.04652213305234909, 0.051664337515830994, 0.025249822065234184, -0.058759257197380066, -0.024601096287369728, -0.055524878203868866, 0.012791452929377556, 0.021955639123916626, -0.01682600937783718, 0.0495489239692688, -0.01918072998523712, 0.00034680741373449564, 0.026791533455252647, 0.02137967012822628, -0.04253165051341057, -0.06874638050794601, -0.03658879175782204, -0.040490515530109406, -0.012546440586447716, 0.003289101179689169, 0.021923940628767014, -0.038112446665763855, 0.047103554010391235, -0.003558705560863018, 0.05636332929134369, 0.002051522256806493, 0.01584315486252308, 0.009938791394233704, 0.03596203029155731, -0.0032972879707813263, 0.039461590349674225, -0.01663186401128769, 0.000590189010836184, 0.11584234237670898, 0.0929555594921112, 0.07343485951423645, -0.0485113300383091, -0.019673584029078484, 0.005051202606409788, -0.009424101561307907, -0.07627318054437637, -0.0014792453730478883, 0.020200492814183235, 0.009197396226227283, 0.019056007266044617, 0.05763152614235878, 0.001238520722836256, -0.04194612801074982, 0.04490432143211365, -0.03434555605053902, 0.007013736758381128, 0.04074353352189064, 0.04100837931036949, 0.03637922182679176, -0.001983514754101634, -0.07632986456155777, 0.012702181935310364, 0.012878431007266045, -0.029035525396466255, -0.015505358576774597, 0.014970434829592705, -0.001812263042666018, 0.010919996537268162, -0.023358097299933434, 0.00389116071164608, 0.03799566999077797, -0.019680742174386978, 0.06491206586360931, -0.004446826875209808, -0.0032543018460273743, -0.025767818093299866, -0.00783382635563612, 0.026087787002325058, 0.0333419032394886, -0.004744238685816526, 0.03407678380608559, -0.027732260525226593, -0.037480998784303665, -0.05588985234498978, -0.0394606739282608, 0.045321930199861526, -0.0247825738042593, 0.030675703659653664, -0.00933097954839468, -0.008686618879437447, -0.020156675949692726, -0.046708736568689346, -0.028117477893829346, -0.001914478954859078, 0.011693960055708885, 0.00652080774307251, 0.008341265842318535, -0.03928467631340027, 0.03454913571476936, 0.011849463917315006, 0.04072926938533783, -0.0051376898773014545, -0.006021649111062288, -0.029319465160369873, 0.001948318094946444, 0.05996084213256836, -0.002831536578014493, -0.008400104008615017, 0.005318836309015751, -0.031051836907863617, -0.022429483011364937, -0.048049990087747574, 0.01717720367014408, -0.01122337020933628, 0.02634132094681263, -0.004360574763268232, -0.06518615782260895, -0.021258080378174782, -0.07830296456813812, -0.0062023429200053215, -0.020940866321325302, 0.016989214345812798, -0.04622497037053108, -0.046990640461444855, 0.012817911803722382, 0.027537185698747635, 0.06300899386405945, 0.014406033791601658, 0.0304655060172081, 0.0632215291261673, 0.02073763869702816, -0.050594035536050797, -0.023447517305612564, 0.014227576553821564, -0.05752582848072052, 0.002918373327702284, 0.00185962428804487, 0.07265003770589828, -0.011658773757517338, 0.014472095295786858, -0.031446076929569244, 0.019905908033251762, -0.019627410918474197, 0.0025588409043848515, -0.03480873256921768, -0.018521497026085854, -0.003157517407089472, 0.0348869264125824, 0.04438852518796921, -0.004571437835693359, -0.01242554560303688, -0.030855070799589157, -0.01209514494985342, 0.026616066694259644, -0.03173181414604187, -0.03138298541307449, -0.003296711016446352, 0.0012659027706831694, 0.009530858136713505, -0.009510505013167858, 0.030025647953152657, -0.01931551657617092, -0.010947879403829575, -0.0022970784921199083, 0.002041325904428959, 0.03813369199633598, 0.0029067962896078825, -0.013797510415315628, -0.0016034286236390471, 0.05618823692202568, 0.0139927351847291, 0.027196981012821198, -0.006374663673341274, -0.013540145009756088, 0.02126043103635311, 0.05814393609762192, -0.05883503332734108, -0.009114602580666542, 0.025659427046775818, -0.04898602142930031, -0.03223702311515808, 0.023442940786480904, -0.002929186914116144, 0.010295156389474869, 0.017358960583806038, -0.004729408770799637, -0.04293125122785568, 0.006067045498639345, 0.012910244055092335, -0.0039008616004139185, -0.0014240051386877894, 0.027660196647047997, -0.010882588103413582, 0.010839478112757206, 0.013948353007435799, 0.017218660563230515, -0.009280342608690262, 0.02613665536046028, 0.03208133578300476, 0.001265614409931004, -0.01670956052839756, -0.01923941634595394, -0.014177767559885979, 0.022815125063061714, -0.0016710811760276556, -0.0003837625263258815, 0.03890056908130646, 0.017039090394973755, -0.029419846832752228, 0.014143908396363258, -0.004454336129128933, 0.025077437981963158, -0.0960494726896286, -0.012586287222802639, 0.019331613555550575, 0.040591493248939514, 0.028190910816192627, -0.051419634371995926, 0.03178969398140907, 0.015620355494320393, -0.017204880714416504, 0.030498219653964043, 0.007087059319019318, 0.00011704077041940764, -0.04640505090355873, -0.0006302990368567407, -0.009197304025292397, -0.002184686018154025, 0.010271175764501095, -0.007693811319768429, 0.022432763129472733, 0.044974323362112045, -0.025521360337734222, -0.012355373241007328, -0.015882454812526703, 0.009071365930140018, -0.006407613400369883, -0.056026868522167206, 0.011874251998960972, -0.031873032450675964, -0.030028175562620163, 0.008054258301854134, -0.017238136380910873, -0.024991216138005257, -0.019706713035702705, 0.00836606789380312, 0.030895795673131943, 0.03345745429396629, 0.056285299360752106, -0.028752336278557777, -0.004665088374167681, 0.0076727597042918205, -0.0044774520210921764, -0.010635548271238804, -0.05494089797139168, 0.02397654391825199, 0.021172350272536278, -0.02783973701298237, -0.03607582300901413, 0.0048090191558003426, -0.00555052375420928, -0.012554171495139599, -0.010630397126078606, -0.0028933724388480186, 0.021515939384698868, -0.027733780443668365, -0.006980735808610916, -0.05880945548415184, -0.00009851389768300578, 0.018085656687617302, -0.00041833394789136946, -0.0035648816265165806, 0.007694918662309647, -0.03208792209625244, -0.0791032686829567, -0.0007091379957273602, 0.017351433634757996, -0.025662552565336227, -0.06819403171539307, -0.006905645132064819, 0.003205925226211548, 0.021349621936678886, -0.011434645392000675, -0.039713311940431595, -0.041326601058244705, 0.023478787392377853, -0.07291495054960251, 0.04382047802209854, -0.013465004041790962, 0.01417318545281887, -0.011230101808905602, -0.07406141608953476, 0.036607060581445694, 0.007955624721944332, -0.009929724968969822, 0.001618571812286973, -0.02256379835307598, -0.06662511825561523, 0.027301141992211342, 0.07069619745016098, 0.023219412192702293, 0.009621930308640003, -0.03921740502119064, 0.0058994595892727375, -0.0014113795477896929, -0.02714170329272747, 0.03339489921927452, 0.002789793536067009, -0.008877759799361229, -0.01134498044848442, -0.016282498836517334, 0.011256486177444458, -0.0053223539143800735, 0.025863779708743095, -0.012786846607923508, 0.006969484034925699, -0.003136866493150592, -0.005721947643905878, 0.008282365277409554, 0.0035172950010746717, -0.006960247177630663, 0.04938410595059395, 0.0005705212824977934, -0.0008686169167049229, 0.001825380022637546, 0.0010625200811773539, -0.0660247802734375, 0.027758831158280373, -0.027708571404218674, -0.0490543507039547, 0.022134387865662575, 0.0368935763835907, 0.02540130540728569, -0.04011896997690201, 0.026158833876252174, 0.02807444892823696, -0.039141297340393066, 0.005564121529459953, 0.016784293577075005, -0.007212162483483553, 0.04624830558896065, -0.00818649586290121, 0.0179278627038002, 0.001969750504940748, -0.02006283402442932, 0.027544375509023666, 0.014038780704140663, 0.018701544031500816, -0.0002999552234541625, 0.04200150445103645, -0.006814214400947094, -0.02962603233754635, 0.026155220344662666, -0.018548788502812386, 0.02735203690826893, -0.032824382185935974, -0.014462567865848541, 0.02618548646569252, 0.009897388517856598, -0.03545846790075302, -0.032856255769729614, -0.0011360123753547668, 0.05810235068202019, -0.01785214990377426, -0.007618891075253487, -0.042353954166173935, -0.03871861845254898, -0.008521116338670254, 0.033532630652189255, 0.005320551339536905, 0.02754158340394497, 0.003630784573033452, -0.007144534960389137, -0.022996935993433, -0.031427640467882156, 0.020348181948065758, -0.030389662832021713, 0.016754355281591415, -0.013747764751315117, -0.02166828140616417, 0.02475726418197155, -0.005349019542336464, 0.014934917911887169, -0.026490159332752228, -0.023771407082676888, 0.03905753046274185, 0.05663355067372322, -0.015736570581793785, -0.05786575376987457, -0.011959643103182316, 0.0236942358314991, -0.03920990601181984, 0.045937154442071915, -0.034066326916217804, -0.009267921559512615, 0.005163446068763733, -0.03547047823667526 ]
<p>I have a data set which looks something like this (not real data):</p> <pre><code>conc Resp 0 5 0.1 18 0.2 20 0.3 23 0.4 24 0.5 24.5 0 5 0.1 17 .. .. </code></pre> <p>which happens to fit perfectly to the Michaelis-Menten equation:</p> <blockquote> <p>Resp = max_value * conc / (conc_value_at_half_max + conc)</p> </blockquote> <p>Even though it is something else entirely importantly, the response increases quickly with "conc" and then reaches a ceiling or max value of sorts. </p> <p>Anyway, I want to know how low I can go in "conc" before the value of "Resp" is not significantly lower than the max value. </p> <p>Using a simple ANOVA accomplices this nicely, but I was thinking: "should I not be exploiting the fact that the structure of the data is so nicely explained by a known equation?" Is there such a way?</p> <p>I am using minitab for this because it is easier, but would work in <code>R</code> all the time.</p>
74,107
[ 0.01639450713992119, 0.010464472696185112, -0.022386493161320686, 0.02541906014084816, 0.030410446226596832, 0.050025638192892075, -0.0020166479516774416, -0.020449910312891006, -0.0003706083807628602, -0.010788846760988235, 0.015160960145294666, 0.004286088049411774, 0.009884023107588291, 0.01808248646557331, 0.02960073947906494, -0.020062435418367386, -0.014073330909013748, -0.02608148194849491, -0.004231000319123268, -0.04565778747200966, -0.0000318369384331163, 0.025783957913517952, -0.03285759687423706, -0.0032443981617689133, 0.008815915323793888, 0.040461622178554535, 0.031814489513635635, -0.03239928185939789, -0.02800479531288147, 0.06604214012622833, -0.00437228474766016, -0.06961657851934433, -0.004757867660373449, 0.048514533787965775, 0.06396970897912979, 0.04867546260356903, 0.006425581872463226, -0.04906153306365013, 0.022222457453608513, 0.013522597029805183, 0.014427677728235722, 0.00008779716881690547, 0.00866357795894146, 0.021266423165798187, 0.004442383069545031, 0.048138443380594254, 0.023848049342632294, 0.00475134514272213, 0.024823756888508797, -0.05247654393315315, 0.048827994614839554, 0.014747404493391514, 0.03290209546685219, 0.047544028609991074, -0.040641240775585175, -0.010167092084884644, 0.044151823967695236, 0.07898065447807312, -0.006284402217715979, -0.08181636780500412, -0.013690227642655373, -0.027279255911707878, -0.012065500020980835, 0.03157495707273483, -0.02138560265302658, 0.03188380226492882, -0.00855911336839199, -0.02955719083547592, 0.04545562341809273, -0.024918876588344574, -0.0017983235884457827, 0.0052328333258628845, 0.046446315944194794, -0.014823084697127342, 0.020762331783771515, -0.02479870803654194, 0.03796031326055527, -0.05076012387871742, 0.011472036130726337, 0.05994348227977753, -0.02822156436741352, 0.012875644490122795, -0.0016755092656239867, 0.04220589995384216, 0.013871715404093266, 0.005531493574380875, 0.05225173756480217, -0.06357216835021973, 0.021103695034980774, 0.05638619512319565, -0.04650961980223656, -0.011607439257204533, 0.04510842636227608, 0.015058757737278938, -0.05729769915342331, -0.0013090920401737094, -0.021072667092084885, 0.026686297729611397, 0.0031378527637571096, -0.005496143829077482, -0.029940180480480194, -0.04004805162549019, -0.009639862924814224, 0.02620183490216732, 0.01324168499559164, 0.021544506773352623, -0.030112948268651962, -0.023331936448812485, 0.023940622806549072, -0.016076069325208664, -0.0003385468153283, 0.019833726808428764, 0.003174785990267992, -0.014904608950018883, 0.03211339935660362, -0.05641770735383034, -0.05512833967804909, -0.02306370437145233, 0.05567728728055954, 0.04355935752391815, 0.04257561266422272, -0.02235177904367447, 0.043228939175605774, -0.018175648525357246, -0.04948167875409126, -0.01000197697430849, 0.01468715537339449, -0.03372398018836975, -0.021514492109417915, 0.03876484930515289, 0.007306039799004793, -0.009982476942241192, 0.02629139833152294, -0.012287295423448086, 0.0415925458073616, 0.002325462643057108, -0.058107368648052216, -0.07940467447042465, 0.027928872033953667, -0.021614739671349525, -0.01838178187608719, -0.05861762538552284, -0.006574010942131281, 0.015339990146458149, 0.06627044826745987, 0.033049989491701126, 0.0398893840610981, -0.010661003179848194, 0.02023814618587494, 0.032486915588378906, 0.006530792452394962, -0.0368213951587677, -0.010917679406702518, -0.0044383155182003975, 0.005156776402145624, -0.07183239609003067, -0.0005723354988731444, -0.0025300877168774605, -0.004504704382270575, 0.04329822212457657, 0.06021292135119438, -0.005796104669570923, -0.027019407600164413, -0.0009126863442361355, 0.000408297055400908, 0.00040557142347097397, 0.10270164906978607, 0.002516520908102393, 0.04514027386903763, 0.011213556863367558, 0.008070630021393299, 0.01726696453988552, -0.019030632451176643, 0.007329046260565519, 0.07386627793312073, -0.022101517766714096, -0.0016605571145191789, -0.009436596184968948, 0.05326063930988312, 0.05426928028464317, -0.036455582827329636, -0.028098005801439285, -0.014978653751313686, -0.011254297569394112, 0.041296057403087616, 0.02289908565580845, -0.013340214267373085, -0.0037776073440909386, 0.07527252286672592, -0.06213109940290451, -0.04488438367843628, -0.05299976095557213, -0.011037013493478298, 0.001447714283131063, -0.019946357235312462, -0.008979632519185543, 0.010710923932492733, -0.0036503553856164217, 0.01686563901603222, -0.007521389983594418, -0.001440647174604237, -0.009071695618331432, 0.04532775282859802, -0.030524402856826782, -0.011438162066042423, 0.0030503233429044485, 0.02316362038254738, -0.027490701526403427, 0.051069650799036026, -0.02181170880794525, -0.03760717436671257, 0.01828872784972191, -0.0616556741297245, 0.021210869774222374, 0.02211952768266201, 0.014701666310429573, 0.0009535605204291642, -0.03046109341084957, -0.023733198642730713, 0.02950541116297245, -0.04421347379684448, 0.031152615323662758, 0.07998180389404297, 0.024806290864944458, -0.005034094210714102, 0.0011346501996740699, 0.0149607565253973, 0.03752689063549042, -0.020720873028039932, -0.009706231765449047, -0.0464370921254158, -0.023229632526636124, 0.019739512354135513, -0.0033586984500288963, -0.03580395504832268, -0.007884734310209751, 0.04810616746544838, -0.006414138246327639, 0.03170499578118324, 0.046629130840301514, -0.010633740574121475, 0.016548849642276764, -0.011061855591833591, 0.031045321375131607, 0.006146038416773081, 0.011495203711092472, 0.039944883435964584, 0.02495710179209709, 0.0459410734474659, -0.004732322879135609, 0.06388211250305176, -0.0005379196372814476, 0.031681329011917114, -0.010317377746105194, -0.034737057983875275, 0.0030392510816454887, 0.025866126641631126, -0.015466693788766861, 0.009418095462024212, 0.03342454507946968, -0.0014393137535080314, 0.010564127005636692, -0.016775289550423622, -0.018110070377588272, 0.01084445882588625, 0.021766461431980133, -0.03644975647330284, 0.003832434304058552, 0.01764356717467308, -0.01928252913057804, 0.017749983817338943, -0.02010514959692955, -0.012150334194302559, -0.04872953146696091, 0.01117077749222517, 0.021053563803434372, -0.01653263531625271, 0.04357699677348137, -0.02968238852918148, -0.037435974925756454, 0.00513492850586772, -0.010860690847039223, 0.04402158409357071, 0.0016860682517290115, -0.023832954466342926, 0.010973728261888027, -0.010681494139134884, -0.03186633065342903, 0.03482270613312721, 0.0030565697234123945, 0.02134091407060623, 0.02110574021935463, 0.0020171510986983776, -0.011316349729895592, -0.02209046110510826, -0.024572260677814484, -0.0152895487844944, 0.01926378533244133, -0.00608995882794261, 0.010962801054120064, 0.029808783903717995, -0.056258220225572586, -0.018290910869836807, -0.05282493680715561, -0.012908492237329483, -0.031614191830158234, 0.01123642548918724, 0.015129652805626392, 0.028790051117539406, 0.03463016822934151, -0.011714638210833073, 0.006773466244339943, -0.05078192055225372, -0.04509318619966507, -0.0570153072476387, -0.006993491668254137, -0.005909956060349941, -0.004518712405115366, 0.018816916272044182, -0.025408631190657616, 0.0691370740532875, 0.02348366193473339, -0.03220922127366066, -0.02878667786717415, -0.03597598522901535, -0.01782645471394062, -0.01487491000443697, 0.050025954842567444, 0.01506741065531969, 0.00016085317474789917, 0.04249114170670509, -0.0013317693956196308, 0.05206933617591858, 0.04234606772661209, 0.011039621196687222, 0.003561425255611539, 0.0014442288083955646, 0.010182814672589302, -0.026484860107302666, 0.01201873179525137, 0.058105889707803726, -0.018902504816651344, 0.044647980481386185, 0.019181113690137863, 0.0269878301769495, 0.006544928997755051, -0.05507766455411911, -0.021046971902251244, -0.03587218374013901, 0.04995494335889816, -0.026506531983613968, 0.0072008478455245495, 0.021041862666606903, -0.011013799346983433, -0.016780763864517212, 0.05233444273471832, 0.018519559875130653, 0.0003307225415483117, 0.009749685414135456, 0.035684697329998016, 0.030361495912075043, -0.01242036186158657, 0.011883655562996864, -0.009817850776016712, -0.005371798295527697, -0.004744240548461676, -0.04256865754723549, -0.017953215166926384, 0.04871901869773865, 0.01441631093621254, 0.04659654572606087, -0.010513405315577984, -0.05436881259083748, 0.03750566765666008, -0.07028043270111084, 0.01169887837022543, -0.03901783749461174, 0.04702860862016678, 0.0221847090870142, 0.052221380174160004, 0.012084693647921085, 0.027016134932637215, 0.0010832765838131309, -0.001721863984130323, -0.09975719451904297, 0.04536885395646095, -0.012321673333644867, 0.008519690483808517, 0.0027225976809859276, -0.019931478425860405, 0.0419897586107254, -0.028278140351176262, 0.022115433588624, -0.007960101589560509, 0.031089216470718384, -0.040721047669649124, 0.005997777450829744, -0.009621875360608101, 0.021849744021892548, -0.028449667617678642, -0.022743338719010353, 0.043694667518138885, -0.01916029118001461, 0.021370267495512962, 0.004965858068317175, -0.030916821211576462, -0.029734455049037933, -0.010273712687194347, 0.03263509273529053, 0.0477280393242836, 0.04694350063800812, 0.006073995493352413, 0.013373017311096191, -0.03870880976319313, 0.03951093181967735, -0.01258598268032074, 0.04571474716067314, 0.016649717465043068, -0.011040139012038708, -0.0012046874035149813, -0.006009442266076803, -0.043259281665086746, -0.0018793006893247366, -0.003705423790961504, 0.00773291802033782, -0.0008603419992141426, 0.016535544767975807, 0.01019732840359211, -0.051060751080513, 0.019682371988892555, 0.07004076987504959, 0.03920756280422211, -0.015845756977796555, -0.03907548263669014, -0.001816876931115985, -0.008554751053452492, 0.017409823834896088, 0.014187919907271862, 0.00853684637695551, 0.004295532591640949, -0.009453493170440197, 0.031101224943995476, 0.001368746510706842, -0.013436680659651756, 0.022159572690725327, 0.007781963795423508, 0.05922737345099449, -0.015747835859656334, -0.020593907684087753, -0.021062910556793213, 0.00631205877289176, 0.026283307000994682, 0.008295987732708454, 0.030356546863913536, -0.1091127097606659, -0.018516870215535164, 0.0510767437517643, 0.062305282801389694, -0.03547891974449158, 0.0032159790862351656, -0.04911315068602562, -0.04401499778032303, 0.06684357672929764, -0.036609385162591934, 0.046172477304935455, -0.027301523834466934, 0.010268009267747402, -0.03195212781429291, -0.020170509815216064, -0.058127790689468384, 0.0011363415978848934, -0.0009604888036847115, 0.01822790317237377, -0.005208929535001516, -0.012429200112819672, -0.06142197176814079, 0.015219164080917835, -0.001813286216929555, 0.040278125554323196, -0.03302290290594101, -0.016417093575000763, 0.043499670922756195, -0.001277418341487646, -0.018970901146531105, -0.0348471961915493, 0.04453924670815468, -0.01818994991481304, -0.016390619799494743, 0.023791508749127388, -0.012000111863017082, -0.03745383024215698, 0.02851211093366146, 0.02936367690563202, -0.00795926433056593, -0.011325250379741192, -0.010118328034877777, 0.0270102396607399, 0.02535863220691681, 0.022874074056744576, 0.05509597435593605, 0.04850280284881592, 0.034222934395074844, -0.0008898016531020403, -0.033248938620090485, 0.019947456195950508, 0.005092726554721594, -0.02598085068166256, -0.050981368869543076, -0.02405554987490177, -0.011781243607401848, 0.027606576681137085, 0.001170106464996934, 0.057537030428647995, -0.024849049746990204, -0.02416408061981201, 0.049426715821027756, 0.03494919091463089, -0.027700573205947876, -0.031758539378643036, 0.03811889886856079, 0.006409081164747477, -0.0038045395631343126, -0.03661712631583214, -0.0032042982056736946, 0.004444328602403402, 0.003954967483878136, 0.019904812797904015, -0.05363357812166214, -0.014272313565015793, -0.023212987929582596, -0.01594727113842964, 0.017160583287477493, -0.022251702845096588, 0.028893791139125824, -0.01732812635600567, -0.01817711442708969, -0.006782843731343746, -0.01701357401907444, 0.05627913773059845, 0.023181403055787086, -0.01063407864421606, 0.009872645139694214, -0.035044290125370026, 0.026494620367884636, -0.021375568583607674, -0.019041502848267555, -0.061902206391096115, -0.03055492788553238, 0.01540011540055275, 0.044050734490156174, -0.04319927841424942, -0.02355673536658287, -0.016703827306628227, -0.014500770717859268, -0.014217383228242397, -0.010544342920184135, 0.048631422221660614, -0.06284534931182861, -0.014961343258619308, -0.005731276236474514, 0.0017561455024406314, 0.06773021817207336, 0.011938030831515789, 0.03361021354794502, 0.04749300703406334, -0.0403868742287159, -0.012461028061807156, 0.011760227382183075, 0.009207001887261868, -0.012531961314380169, -0.02223389595746994, -0.02521607093513012, -0.000023115062504075468, 0.06061488762497902, 0.02886582724750042, -0.005361010320484638, 0.01990266889333725, -0.004356350749731064, 0.0398794524371624, -0.05155854672193527, -0.019967826083302498, -0.05588918551802635, -0.0005130363279022276, -0.015115289948880672, 0.002954221796244383, -0.031654536724090576, 0.0041337572038173676, 0.022116679698228836, -0.004588831216096878, -0.011450937017798424, -0.019892768934369087, 0.0681694969534874, -0.006706434767693281, -0.03077375888824463, -0.005352417007088661, -0.028286144137382507, 0.00767481466755271, 0.04573140665888786, 0.01842646673321724, 0.003632641164585948, 0.04128177464008331, -0.035477831959724426, -0.03889789059758186, -0.04128009453415871, 0.009515819139778614, 0.09163311123847961, 0.004258216358721256, 0.0047067878767848015, 0.052088525146245956, -0.00820929929614067, -0.028905535116791725, -0.002417247509583831, -0.04454785957932472, -0.014806008897721767, 0.003437192877754569, 0.08304370939731598, -0.024780679494142532, -0.0020176665857434273, -0.016334842890501022, -0.004403271712362766, -0.006671505980193615, 0.04470692202448845, 0.027116553857922554, 0.02709323912858963, 0.04214627668261528, -0.022671034559607506, -0.01782858930528164, 0.014051799662411213, -0.037381861358881, 0.02715703286230564, -0.04341687634587288, 0.00872456468641758, 0.012496900744736195, 0.031049814075231552, 0.011778505519032478, -0.046672891825437546, -0.03879179060459137, -0.020146630704402924, 0.03308308497071266, 0.03165838494896889, -0.0687858834862709, 0.01508789137005806, 0.02595270238816738, 0.02084442973136902, -0.016332391649484634, 0.04078685864806175, -0.059072963893413544, -0.0708627998828888, -0.0044040922075510025, -0.03056306764483452, -0.029483161866664886, 0.04483409598469734, 0.04219290614128113, -0.014327052049338818, 0.03077438473701477, -0.03825314715504646, 0.038979172706604004, -0.016667785122990608, 0.04369916766881943, 0.018873555585741997, 0.048165563493967056, -0.015978435054421425, 0.00899047777056694, 0.021972717717289925, -0.0019842968322336674, 0.1148848757147789, 0.07317420095205307, -0.003204097505658865, -0.0698859691619873, 0.028428100049495697, -0.009065516293048859, -0.02027714252471924, -0.008129010908305645, -0.009308318607509136, 0.007470149081200361, -0.006583069451153278, 0.052265092730522156, 0.037653468549251556, 0.024016879498958588, 0.05569947510957718, 0.048414912074804306, -0.06622744351625443, -0.016313185915350914, 0.015393654815852642, 0.021130511537194252, 0.024806499481201172, -0.04505055025219917, -0.016167817637324333, 0.018056470900774002, 0.017058853060007095, -0.004218006506562233, -0.013918841257691383, 0.010576438158750534, 0.000053429648687597364, -0.006926616188138723, -0.045084767043590546, 0.03429722785949707, 0.017008133232593536, 0.015897326171398163, -0.002744229743257165, 0.03422881290316582, 0.047669123858213425, 0.009432581253349781, -0.025650424882769585, 0.04488012567162514, -0.021527990698814392, 0.0031600419897586107, -0.007818663492798805, 0.04590942710638046, -0.02651744894683361, -0.009024609811604023, -0.0196567140519619, 0.022053059190511703, -0.011289859190583229, -0.04506108537316322, 0.007111385464668274, 0.015736717730760574, 0.00015615762094967067, -0.03869905695319176, -0.010327941738069057, 0.028592398390173912, 0.025986026972532272, -0.030222948640584946, 0.0015431620413437486, 0.0002754761080723256, -0.02046477422118187, 0.0000916824719752185, -0.010984649881720543, 0.033429086208343506, -0.021010486409068108, -0.036247022449970245, -0.042626120150089264, 0.046875469386577606, -0.025187041610479355, -0.035513076931238174, 0.015681331977248192, -0.0043000103905797005, -0.026155540719628334, -0.030654681846499443, 0.01128518395125866, -0.0026729011442512274, -0.01978296786546707, -0.017834287136793137, -0.016242146492004395, -0.011271088384091854, -0.02535538747906685, 0.03165373206138611, -0.025782214477658272, 0.037501320242881775, -0.0612102672457695, 0.007047618273645639, 0.011210133321583271, 0.061503101140260696, -0.03808915987610817, 0.004731472115963697, -0.010690854862332344, 0.07442986220121384, 0.012473353184759617, -0.04618731141090393, -0.04507777467370033, 0.014047942124307156, -0.034812722355127335, -0.014940924011170864, 0.006653966847807169, 0.0669204518198967, -0.007706272881478071, 0.009356256574392319, -0.026943964883685112, 0.03975677117705345, -0.0640701875090599, 0.00900826882570982, 0.015714459121227264, -0.05266645923256874, 0.023493332788348198, -0.019355962052941322, 0.0014953988138586283, 0.008662727661430836, -0.005482150241732597, -0.007301129400730133, -0.058221690356731415, -0.003022576216608286, -0.011460690759122372, -0.017569677904248238, 0.026661815121769905, -0.0027379090897738934, -0.014914601109921932, -0.019727109000086784, 0.0027350489981472492, -0.0638405978679657, -0.004237366374582052, 0.007259114179760218, -0.0034846060443669558, -0.014436614699661732, -0.0053977337665855885, -0.051067572087049484, 0.01822657324373722, 0.047816697508096695, 0.03234616667032242, 0.03734421357512474, -0.03080938756465912, 0.009096622467041016, 0.015092123299837112, 0.06316252052783966, -0.004567540250718594, -0.012550920248031616, 0.014533454552292824, -0.08971789479255676, -0.018180914223194122, -0.014897149987518787, -0.021390531212091446, 0.020884692668914795, -0.003254184266552329, -0.006649860646575689, -0.01938820630311966, 0.032149869948625565, 0.021834230050444603, -0.03657802194356918, 0.002133816946297884, -0.02506978251039982, -0.009701463393867016, -0.0011686962097883224, 0.03418992459774017, -0.031694743782281876, 0.0018020252464339137, 0.040985167026519775, 0.026284202933311462, -0.003022832330316305, -0.026562605053186417, 0.023498808965086937, -0.012390145100653172, 0.01888226717710495, -0.011088426224887371, -0.029725726693868637, 0.022886913269758224, 0.0439177043735981, -0.01383006852120161, 0.0054308329708874226, -0.026646124199032784, 0.006626356393098831, -0.07228919118642807, -0.01168476976454258, -0.01299135759472847, -0.0006105806096456945, 0.017226694151759148, -0.046195194125175476, 0.01789206825196743, -0.004265176132321358, -0.019245987758040428, 0.012008839286863804, -0.017452772706747055, 0.010327930562198162, -0.0023886249400675297, 0.0224660225212574, -0.03608936071395874, 0.011720102280378342, 0.01249211560934782, 0.02802240289747715, 0.0613287128508091, -0.013160405680537224, -0.0060600414872169495, -0.04276258498430252, 0.0031070697586983442, 0.016479896381497383, 0.03941771760582924, -0.0713798925280571, 0.04533494636416435, -0.032700467854738235, -0.03221637383103371, -0.008485146798193455, -0.04742306470870972, 0.0431562215089798, 0.012044980190694332, 0.009129907935857773, -0.019689183682203293, 0.09288021177053452, 0.05021694675087929, 0.03334058076143265, -0.01678261160850525, 0.0062834820710122585, -0.01421439740806818, 0.012318886816501617, -0.012724305503070354, 0.05090618133544922, 0.03531450405716896, -0.0012915160041302443, -0.01770625449717045, 0.008571803569793701, -0.013339808210730553, -0.012851989828050137, -0.035855673253536224, -0.023281656205654144, 0.0343925841152668, -0.028838712722063065, 0.0032285877969115973, -0.04431280121207237, 0.032511621713638306, 0.045734699815511703, 0.06319550424814224, -0.02366430126130581, -0.0040077706798911095, -0.03632526099681854, -0.04580985754728317, 0.01826382428407669, 0.018558574840426445, 0.013899634592235088, -0.042297352105379105, -0.06427255272865295, -0.020327458158135414, 0.006202260963618755, -0.03971146419644356, -0.0031721731647849083, -0.016787899658083916, 0.028310172259807587, 0.003454275894910097, 0.00267281592823565, 0.03754172846674919, 0.006205900572240353, 0.016530774533748627, -0.14396563172340393, 0.02622842788696289, -0.014652833342552185, 0.04350244626402855, -0.026199569925665855, -0.008250035345554352, -0.013719871640205383, -0.008270669728517532, 0.06188015639781952, 0.000421728880610317, 0.005079863592982292, -0.0008178064017556608, 0.0276069026440382, -0.031859323382377625, -0.012828093953430653, 0.03269132226705551, 0.012832311913371086, 0.030726313591003418, -0.013267820701003075, 0.0008744405931793153, 0.011136719956994057, 0.0022163286339491606, -0.01833689771592617, 0.023122521117329597, -0.007867605425417423, -0.009493664838373661, 0.0020175946410745382, 0.01043093204498291, -0.007063076365739107, -0.03983984887599945, 0.011374829337000847, 0.004933016840368509, 0.007415390573441982, 0.027328280732035637, 0.014419893734157085, -0.05575196072459221, 0.03868640586733818, -0.03160033002495766, -0.012771997600793839, -0.015845492482185364, -0.0038046580739319324, -0.01765599101781845, -0.04595204442739487, -0.007604479789733887, 0.003875234629958868, -0.05682678893208504, 0.005364605225622654, 0.018204672262072563, 0.020491627976298332, 0.011764578521251678, -0.005090275779366493, 0.022710632532835007, 0.031630244106054306, -0.024842096492648125, 0.007615246344357729, 0.03673567250370979, 0.04797794669866562, -0.014504860155284405, 0.015158080495893955, 0.032319076359272, -0.014805286191403866, 0.014269063249230385, -0.01945088803768158, 0.031286925077438354, 0.004845013841986656, -0.011316620744764805, 0.010253745131194592, -0.00839594379067421, -0.01705343835055828, -0.01728559285402298, 0.0008613421814516187, 0.05052576959133148, -0.013762091286480427, -0.013177920132875443, -0.044318001717329025, 0.02009912207722664, -0.01766703464090824, -0.0049534328281879425, 0.03013421595096588, 0.01500392984598875, 0.027406398206949234, 0.015676921233534813, -0.0033315967302769423, -0.02367553673684597, 0.006764621939510107, -0.027957692742347717, 0.019208816811442375, -0.009360983036458492, 0.0210480447858572, 0.006239328533411026, -0.0013961722142994404, -0.05455884337425232, -0.03365215286612511, 0.05740073695778847, -0.011873271316289902, -0.005718620959669352, -0.03677074611186981, -0.044837526977062225, -0.0007177605875767767, 0.02822071872651577, -0.03610885888338089, -0.013831164687871933, -0.04289226979017258, -0.02658834680914879, -0.02891915664076805, -0.04773667827248573 ]
<p>Suppose using an specific sampling method I have generated a sample but I now want the normalising factor to be able to calculate the probabilities. Can I consider the sum of the values as their normalising factor. Could you please also give a source for that?</p>
74,108
[ -0.028903959318995476, -0.03834621235728264, -0.023473285138607025, 0.012588798999786377, 0.040860895067453384, -0.006280394271016121, -0.027830874547362328, -0.03197292238473892, 0.03471684083342552, -0.034129559993743896, 0.021518835797905922, 0.029165999963879585, 0.04618660733103752, 0.020607123151421547, 0.02672974206507206, 0.01869974285364151, -0.030296433717012405, -0.0003809326735790819, -0.02022588811814785, -0.02135918289422989, 0.022942202165722847, 0.03940386697649956, 0.05093448609113693, -0.02426558919250965, -0.019664673134684563, 0.027346845716238022, 0.04264971613883972, -0.019082723185420036, 0.015632618218660355, 0.0749121904373169, -0.0248000156134367, -0.01752444915473461, 0.022977542132139206, 0.07252860069274902, 0.03260757401585579, 0.0011371457949280739, -0.02198687195777893, -0.015150807797908783, -0.03125065565109253, 0.003245837287977338, -0.04343390837311745, 0.0025899168103933334, 0.03607461601495743, 0.03868100419640541, -0.013529828749597073, 0.04130491241812706, -0.017845790833234787, -0.04967235401272774, -0.011796041391789913, -0.052305370569229126, 0.08795718103647232, -0.013672659173607826, 0.039938073605298996, 0.02424866333603859, -0.010528049431741238, -0.0025185816921293736, 0.031880345195531845, 0.05249352380633354, -0.0007643337594345212, -0.031133590266108513, 0.0064544896595180035, -0.027029888704419136, -0.0007316653500311077, -0.028972312808036804, -0.05663116276264191, 0.012305415235459805, -0.0006003419402986765, -0.04023310914635658, 0.026887232437729836, -0.02482115477323532, -0.006339826621115208, 0.022868329659104347, 0.035581011325120926, -0.026652753353118896, 0.015559674240648746, -0.030699701979756355, 0.03235531970858574, 0.014011464081704617, 0.03828204423189163, 0.021979739889502525, 0.0286488588899374, 0.014371185563504696, 0.0191485695540905, 0.007737317122519016, 0.043364692479372025, -0.0115880835801363, 0.05679391697049141, -0.02217048592865467, 0.0114707350730896, 0.03884086385369301, -0.03604719787836075, 0.002826427575200796, 0.041308846324682236, -0.026974279433488846, -0.04009485989809036, 0.02483430504798889, -0.02136281132698059, 0.041227418929338455, 0.007876980118453503, -0.015683593228459358, 0.011490748263895512, -0.050238341093063354, 0.020420266315340996, 0.03980593755841255, -0.031491175293922424, 0.005668566096574068, -0.02265605516731739, 0.012197772972285748, 0.009025891311466694, -0.024600157514214516, 0.0025368030183017254, -0.017709579318761826, 0.018632758408784866, -0.03299674391746521, 0.02869223617017269, 0.011799783445894718, -0.001377031789161265, -0.001451475895009935, 0.042983729392290115, 0.046995289623737335, 0.018223127350211143, -0.013700751587748528, 0.05144265294075012, -0.002773942658677697, -0.06534697860479355, 0.021464595571160316, -0.011094036512076855, -0.02007719874382019, -0.03312159702181816, 0.045663729310035706, 0.01503854338079691, -0.05629961937665939, 0.02978362888097763, 0.018533607944846153, 0.03462255746126175, 0.008044491522014141, -0.06278610229492188, -0.03431230038404465, -0.0039003011770546436, -0.06682596355676651, 0.0035630587954074144, -0.054583825170993805, 0.008087502792477608, 0.04712848365306854, 0.014704418368637562, 0.04208635538816452, 0.05729933828115463, -0.027685243636369705, 0.03272273391485214, 0.021450018510222435, -0.01697557047009468, -0.057928357273340225, -0.03156818076968193, -0.031804122030735016, -0.023751594126224518, -0.0797320082783699, 0.024698453024029732, 0.027361247688531876, -0.004903747234493494, -0.019491879269480705, 0.023761816322803497, 0.00811952818185091, -0.013207634910941124, -0.0021848951000720263, 0.016928596422076225, -0.031850602477788925, 0.0556512288749218, 0.005515809636563063, 0.007882559671998024, 0.007273551542311907, -0.006647474132478237, 0.032784461975097656, 0.0138007290661335, 0.013002032414078712, 0.06091097742319107, -0.049286775290966034, -0.030731983482837677, -0.021393494680523872, 0.06923047453165054, 0.014784303493797779, -0.007022238802164793, 0.01511538028717041, 0.006103170569986105, 0.016240056604146957, 0.06306573748588562, 0.035891950130462646, 0.03411509841680527, -0.0593038946390152, 0.005993261933326721, -0.06401456147432327, 0.009969345293939114, -0.06660500168800354, -0.023513924330472946, -0.01786014623939991, -0.02581276185810566, 0.019742576405405998, 0.008240780793130398, 0.04892793297767639, -0.027196994051337242, -0.0223549734801054, -0.05094100162386894, -0.03654693812131882, 0.02438766323029995, -0.06803800910711288, -0.011885196901857853, 0.03085901215672493, 0.05701427534222603, 0.005491635762155056, 0.05964397266507149, -0.03786391392350197, -0.061803411692380905, -0.021383779123425484, -0.015015470795333385, 0.004138020798563957, -0.015486162155866623, -0.014069117605686188, 0.0007084396202117205, 0.03661216050386429, 0.01354086771607399, 0.04517403990030289, -0.048302777111530304, 0.06826803833246231, 0.06029926985502243, 0.00880503747612238, -0.04094243794679642, 0.006841158960014582, 0.04631150886416435, -0.017574699595570564, -0.006621631793677807, -0.019949663430452347, -0.04204642400145531, -0.0012451998190954328, 0.02073061279952526, 0.045997850596904755, -0.0646209642291069, -0.0300766471773386, 0.09526805579662323, -0.011631036177277565, 0.06472577899694443, 0.06540859490633011, 0.011302663944661617, -0.016263963654637337, -0.003316532587632537, 0.03258763253688812, 0.03677379712462425, -0.010560187511146069, -0.0007564248517155647, -0.0017385698156431317, 0.014984814450144768, -0.0054717883467674255, -0.032521802932024, 0.025339145213365555, -0.0015631511341780424, 0.010719293728470802, -0.044274214655160904, -0.03679076209664345, 0.008234790526330471, -0.03436540067195892, 0.023888438940048218, 0.01984107680618763, -0.0011204143520444632, -0.026526877656579018, -0.002001314191147685, -0.041246138513088226, 0.024447111412882805, 0.024770740419626236, -0.06533588469028473, 0.014783262275159359, 0.020899800583720207, -0.018343057483434677, 0.004215042106807232, -0.02371184155344963, -0.0013284790329635143, -0.03961913660168648, 0.0017396383918821812, 0.036666687577962875, 0.0042517404071986675, 0.046878065913915634, -0.009772750549018383, -0.0350671224296093, -0.037789374589920044, -0.0022891531698405743, -0.03303620591759682, 0.030586818233132362, -0.057107798755168915, -0.01119495090097189, -0.0013094496680423617, -0.0457921177148819, 0.032148636877536774, -0.023935608565807343, -0.007383492775261402, 0.01767841726541519, -0.0009005138999782503, -0.01665976084768772, 0.020892523229122162, -0.009903729893267155, 0.021810997277498245, -0.02499159798026085, 0.010201922617852688, 0.012772996909916401, 0.014039942994713783, -0.030455399304628372, 0.01607750728726387, -0.04018184915184975, -0.05712983012199402, -0.041926685720682144, -0.01959717646241188, -0.0007881591445766389, -0.04822174087166786, -0.004565288778394461, 0.02473069727420807, -0.041404467076063156, 0.0262967050075531, -0.028754737228155136, -0.060839783400297165, 0.02910413034260273, 0.009160700254142284, 0.05387001484632492, 0.01598508469760418, -0.029800988733768463, 0.07685103267431259, 0.029084976762533188, -0.05052127689123154, -0.020669186487793922, -0.0004121102101635188, 0.00109478656668216, -0.025375066325068474, -0.006551075726747513, -0.005393724422901869, -0.02110736444592476, 0.05659264698624611, 0.011873103678226471, -0.015447554178535938, 0.06843551248311996, -0.0009456443949602544, 0.009039145894348621, 0.03213273733854294, -0.0020216049160808325, -0.013490964658558369, 0.05731915310025215, 0.02878725901246071, -0.039003197103738785, -0.013048827648162842, -0.00459293695166707, 0.048276450484991074, 0.006433388683944941, -0.023500390350818634, 0.014465494081377983, 0.0221091378480196, 0.02027982659637928, -0.06521916389465332, 0.045153189450502396, 0.00842131208628416, -0.023266002535820007, 0.015005946159362793, 0.031879130750894547, 0.0007331867818720639, -0.04037994518876076, 0.018256260082125664, 0.06735152751207352, 0.06347672641277313, -0.016158802434802055, -0.03669341281056404, 0.017969883978366852, -0.012928283773362637, 0.050858620554208755, -0.03563907369971275, -0.0119679169729352, 0.031761862337589264, 0.05425794795155525, 0.020003104582428932, 0.004924875684082508, -0.016658779233694077, 0.01093203667551279, -0.08784162253141403, -0.008367786183953285, -0.030356943607330322, 0.05118105560541153, -0.007976876571774483, 0.05900326371192932, 0.009710023179650307, -0.004982610233128071, -0.0021569242235273123, -0.002377035329118371, -0.08469155430793762, 0.03723618760704994, -0.02413959428668022, -0.02361779659986496, -0.0006270877784118056, -0.04164639860391617, 0.028173042461276054, -0.008384568616747856, -0.0011947274906560779, -0.004839954897761345, 0.019299915060400963, -0.06958366930484772, 0.011271721683442593, 0.015720997005701065, -0.005431285593658686, 0.0017592636868357658, 0.002874386729672551, -0.0024887139443308115, 0.012140406295657158, 0.025461921468377113, 0.03881460055708885, 0.01795646920800209, 0.004871922545135021, -0.01276458241045475, 0.03779763728380203, 0.00742435222491622, 0.03297942131757736, 0.04950447380542755, 0.04604162275791168, -0.04937347397208214, 0.04119662567973137, 0.02617265097796917, 0.07615545392036438, 0.024132976308465004, -0.027305806055665016, 0.011914659291505814, -0.03978057578206062, -0.03175776079297066, -0.00414443202316761, -0.010270098224282265, 0.0036434209905564785, -0.003963730297982693, 0.018541937693953514, 0.038756951689720154, -0.05295063555240631, 0.011818194761872292, 0.09839259088039398, 0.016939399763941765, 0.009232776239514351, -0.039600178599357605, 0.018295472487807274, -0.031128408387303352, -0.0021159579046070576, 0.010321376845240593, 0.028948698192834854, -0.014176752418279648, 0.013632633723318577, 0.027427151799201965, -0.012384495697915554, -0.00375519972294569, 0.005336902104318142, 0.025237664580345154, 0.04329593852162361, 0.023295342922210693, -0.015666041523218155, 0.012501711957156658, 0.027947459369897842, 0.006506572011858225, 0.04579770192503929, -0.05472668632864952, -0.055356960743665695, 0.004229983314871788, 0.017858978360891342, 0.02166670747101307, -0.03685925900936127, 0.009551137685775757, 0.00343901664018631, 0.0028521816711872816, 0.07921892404556274, -0.020017195492982864, 0.029836377128958702, -0.023069949820637703, 0.024049794301390648, 0.0043058739975094795, -0.0014131561620160937, -0.04110395908355713, 0.027386000379920006, -0.014935124665498734, 0.013730219565331936, -0.022855892777442932, -0.003946218639612198, -0.06341010332107544, 0.026911059394478798, 0.011148135177791119, 0.08480112254619598, -0.01810396835207939, -0.009936241433024406, -0.0013014720752835274, 0.02716771513223648, -0.013146736659109592, -0.06359519809484482, -0.0007048157858662307, 0.037680722773075104, 0.00799355935305357, -0.0012753433547914028, -0.019936073571443558, -0.015127387829124928, 0.044412411749362946, -0.009744925424456596, -0.007134763058274984, -0.001455154037103057, 0.002381010912358761, 0.03396321460604668, 0.03633792698383331, -0.016576280817389488, 0.07129683345556259, 0.02949039451777935, 0.023321764543652534, 0.012722001411020756, -0.039047908037900925, 0.01751667633652687, -0.02228640764951706, -0.021175656467676163, -0.024918721988797188, 0.010125678032636642, 0.010359386913478374, -0.002860905835404992, -0.00019387315842323005, 0.04322195053100586, -0.009418856352567673, -0.030159587040543556, -0.011830092407763004, 0.016281139105558395, 0.027406837791204453, -0.0225551575422287, 0.012858167290687561, 0.016525153070688248, 0.0033652177080512047, -0.03499145060777664, -0.0010218974202871323, -0.020977528765797615, -0.006169316824525595, -0.00255191745236516, -0.020742299035191536, 0.0035612655337899923, -0.04811399430036545, -0.008925290778279305, 0.041483074426651, -0.024314941838383675, 0.04808657243847847, -0.028062423691153526, 0.052411019802093506, 0.000309160997858271, -0.0731852725148201, -0.008881894871592522, 0.03922725468873978, -0.0023998154792934656, 0.04021992161870003, -0.0672375038266182, 0.03579151630401611, -0.020812077447772026, 0.017586318776011467, -0.07705038785934448, -0.03656871244311333, 0.030750049278140068, 0.04171951487660408, -0.01407183799892664, -0.03686126694083214, -0.00634460523724556, -0.014087176881730556, -0.013118249364197254, -0.021486416459083557, 0.06592914462089539, 0.00004310459553380497, -0.04159780964255333, -0.006824266631156206, -0.005561907775700092, 0.08554167300462723, -0.0001867865357780829, 0.0021976821590214968, 0.035781700164079666, -0.003555371193215251, 0.001638423535041511, -0.017292700707912445, 0.026803364977240562, -0.045025501400232315, 0.009193263947963715, -0.004222054034471512, -0.03137851133942604, 0.05119890719652176, -0.017685823142528534, -0.005849346984177828, -0.012365743517875671, 0.0008823460666462779, 0.00282879825681448, -0.025887083262205124, -0.024666136130690575, 0.004582247696816921, 0.03850569576025009, -0.026813557371497154, 0.00018766678113024682, -0.027495525777339935, 0.01491120457649231, 0.04123542830348015, 0.013434134423732758, 0.007331164088100195, 0.005891895387321711, 0.06541306525468826, 0.017059311270713806, 0.0006939084269106388, 0.002988335909321904, -0.0048261042684316635, 0.021382400766015053, 0.0038009153213351965, -0.0036617752630263567, 0.06038249656558037, 0.011790414340794086, 0.026609942317008972, -0.0298545490950346, -0.05036738142371178, -0.0065593714825809, 0.03259865194559097, -0.029434096068143845, 0.04210110753774643, 0.04913737624883652, 0.014869329519569874, -0.049560051411390305, -0.021143076941370964, -0.03426622971892357, 0.0027183808851987123, -0.0009913411922752857, 0.05616958811879158, 0.003693359438329935, 0.0024844487197697163, -0.016947342082858086, 0.014232605695724487, 0.007497143000364304, 0.05784165859222412, 0.01313478872179985, 0.02263641357421875, 0.02407200075685978, 0.01058574765920639, -0.036513544619083405, 0.019169844686985016, -0.03941354900598526, 0.011827895417809486, -0.0035474104806780815, -0.060189295560121536, 0.06482432782649994, -0.00354442629031837, -0.018866315484046936, -0.03862535208463669, -0.034899234771728516, -0.0005113089573569596, 0.012623840942978859, 0.006277268752455711, -0.011461636982858181, 0.029486648738384247, -0.02085898444056511, 0.010834370739758015, -0.012006799690425396, 0.015394567511975765, -0.028914758935570717, -0.0952567309141159, -0.021193742752075195, -0.056257881224155426, -0.035472460091114044, -0.0042868745513260365, 0.01967155747115612, 0.005649113096296787, -0.003994097001850605, -0.013566910289227962, 0.0525544136762619, -0.009511182084679604, 0.0448615625500679, -0.019409211352467537, 0.0710160881280899, 0.026707619428634644, 0.028538329526782036, -0.006466051563620567, 0.02670229785144329, 0.11418385803699493, 0.04673323780298233, 0.02064594253897667, -0.07411562651395798, -0.019970642402768135, 0.009587313048541546, 0.03190690279006958, 0.0004794227716047317, 0.011207817122340202, -0.0002359903446631506, -0.013466245494782925, 0.0361868254840374, 0.04602740332484245, -0.030880935490131378, 0.019950151443481445, 0.05433518439531326, -0.02681991457939148, -0.023485636338591576, 0.04225102439522743, 0.03658830374479294, -0.011472754180431366, -0.009643485769629478, -0.07722759246826172, 0.011670009233057499, -0.004502356052398682, -0.02069949358701706, -0.02709345705807209, 0.0019745859317481518, -0.021416420117020607, 0.014098831452429295, -0.020427877083420753, -0.007418009452521801, 0.05125841125845909, 0.010575288906693459, -0.01811189018189907, -0.031569771468639374, 0.03863139450550079, -0.012682810425758362, -0.002480956492945552, 0.010202044621109962, 0.027364179491996765, 0.001742050750181079, -0.0048697032034397125, 0.02880249172449112, -0.04922490566968918, -0.021498771384358406, -0.02836904115974903, 0.003115185536444187, -0.04422425106167793, 0.02432297356426716, 0.012071979232132435, -0.01044141873717308, -0.002001047832891345, -0.046142853796482086, 0.0016359329456463456, -0.009262713603675365, -0.005530790891498327, 0.001222035614773631, -0.012614722363650799, -0.02195863239467144, 0.031581707298755646, -0.01488212775439024, 0.010081162676215172, 0.02455032244324684, -0.002671916037797928, -0.0013717442052438855, -0.0216574314981699, 0.028960779309272766, -0.00819623377174139, -0.03584985435009003, -0.0068723359145224094, -0.025148728862404823, -0.05554395914077759, -0.017540602013468742, -0.004243411589413881, 0.010248491540551186, 0.05515239015221596, -0.02386503294110298, 0.02769281342625618, -0.006164815276861191, -0.029689809307456017, 0.025971781462430954, -0.02555672824382782, -0.017695393413305283, -0.03713168948888779, 0.005538331810384989, 0.007346873637288809, 0.04461820051074028, 0.012588383629918098, -0.010086852125823498, -0.007603920064866543, 0.028354370966553688, 0.024001184850931168, -0.0430937223136425, -0.01491160225123167, 0.028771063312888145, -0.02083798125386238, 0.028998613357543945, -0.027415206655859947, 0.03356047347187996, 0.005930357612669468, 0.009433982893824577, -0.0146049614995718, 0.028088808059692383, -0.013099328614771366, 0.020741799846291542, -0.03901757672429085, -0.05183917284011841, -0.003330312203615904, 0.014730444177985191, 0.007064950652420521, 0.013786565512418747, 0.007438044995069504, -0.013864956796169281, -0.03902904689311981, 0.026815403252840042, 0.006385603919625282, -0.049631282687187195, -0.008520946837961674, -0.03417403623461723, -0.015381225384771824, -0.016372399404644966, -0.007126121781766415, -0.00484345993027091, -0.012446667067706585, -0.00531683349981904, -0.010475916787981987, -0.006927565671503544, -0.0037966591771692038, -0.001168248476460576, 0.011266907677054405, 0.04832696169614792, 0.051977287977933884, 0.028364505618810654, -0.01058786641806364, -0.00571354478597641, -0.015125595033168793, 0.056728385388851166, -0.02933623269200325, 0.0017626510234549642, 0.03630117326974869, -0.058621253818273544, 0.0034539964981377125, 0.02789640612900257, 0.022891821339726448, 0.030954038724303246, 0.04793855547904968, -0.005057343747466803, -0.017361683771014214, 0.04447372257709503, -0.012759257107973099, -0.01434282585978508, 0.00043294954230077565, 0.01778559386730194, 0.01537109725177288, 0.027899526059627533, -0.01910194382071495, -0.011849728412926197, -0.008608738891780376, 0.01967121660709381, 0.041855718940496445, -0.01604563742876053, -0.020397096872329712, 0.02474553883075714, 0.04987997189164162, -0.02890968695282936, 0.032204221934080124, -0.009823666885495186, 0.05032239854335785, 0.03495912253856659, -0.015910951420664787, 0.01660032384097576, -0.03536305949091911, -0.0023637774866074324, -0.08178991079330444, -0.027507556602358818, 0.016404125839471817, -0.025064408779144287, 0.017655830830335617, -0.027485467493534088, 0.008546366356313229, 0.0070601641200482845, -0.06820015609264374, -0.009817312471568584, -0.0031076380982995033, -0.04754561185836792, -0.02660621888935566, 0.05075647681951523, 0.004258111119270325, 0.008004033006727695, 0.012930179014801979, 0.026458662003278732, 0.0024385328870266676, -0.005194459576159716, 0.011123034171760082, -0.011177082546055317, -0.03156023472547531, -0.008834870532155037, -0.019783899188041687, -0.05678987130522728, 0.0075035709887743, -0.04629359766840935, -0.03935578092932701, 0.03999815508723259, -0.00008211964450310916, -0.014332455582916737, 0.005526752211153507, 0.04710087180137634, 0.017573418095707893, 0.020493807271122932, 0.019451238214969635, -0.0037237098440527916, -0.032562848180532455, 0.02262931503355503, 0.029739180579781532, 0.023645726963877678, -0.03221926838159561, -0.0023278105072677135, 0.0371628999710083, -0.02181241102516651, -0.0415169857442379, 0.017704278230667114, -0.01894134096801281, -0.046659715473651886, -0.00022895123402122408, -0.00329825421795249, -0.0010311868973076344, -0.028324255719780922, 0.026634033769369125, -0.05485266074538231, 0.03062274120748043, 0.04438139498233795, -0.01712244562804699, -0.023749154061079025, -0.006147462874650955, -0.011981580406427383, -0.06159299612045288, 0.024942666292190552, 0.011416607536375523, -0.0152463773265481, -0.04106169939041138, -0.004070703871548176, 0.04908375442028046, -0.023306384682655334, 0.009109492413699627, -0.049150027334690094, -0.0264265239238739, 0.024409793317317963, -0.03563075512647629, 0.014013351872563362, 0.023630378767848015, -0.02618567831814289, 0.002973029622808099, -0.07895608246326447, 0.07007225602865219, 0.00897497870028019, -0.010609084740281105, -0.0407264344394207, 0.011538988910615444, -0.02614787593483925, 0.02985055185854435, 0.037509817630052567, -0.027542198076844215, 0.002182876691222191, -0.033296357840299606, 0.027935074642300606, 0.04478088766336441, 0.0002411608147667721, 0.028657149523496628, -0.04017248749732971, -0.049661412835121155, -0.018351301550865173, -0.021107267588377, 0.0213887058198452, 0.009483538568019867, -0.032168399542570114, 0.0007737935520708561, 0.005714020691812038, -0.05000467970967293, -0.006198768503963947, 0.0597238764166832, 0.024141665548086166, -0.020700594410300255, 0.039895106106996536, -0.026393847540020943, -0.0119024021551013, 0.01985078677535057, -0.0008129675989039242, -0.0382838249206543, 0.026854436844587326, -0.040113817900419235, -0.05997660383582115, 0.011436139233410358, 0.02570839785039425, 0.020775485783815384, -0.05199606716632843, -0.006155128590762615, 0.036463622003793716, -0.03812367841601372, 0.012529479339718819, 0.037150438874959946, 0.01203616801649332, 0.04039501026272774, -0.027629652991890907, 0.03531767800450325, 0.010437702760100365, -0.012878934852778912, 0.003642897354438901, 0.0013196191284805536, -0.002577439649030566, 0.008757408708333969, -0.022946791723370552, 0.0009552909177727997, -0.007385374046862125, 0.005961950868368149, 0.03736492618918419, -0.0016486492240801454, -0.03864152356982231, -0.03635985404253006, 0.01711917668581009, -0.017817297950387, 0.05485357344150543, 0.005374304484575987, 0.007062806282192469, 0.05389074608683586, -0.026782527565956116, 0.016206972301006317, -0.05278749763965607, -0.005538320634514093, -0.04729776084423065, -0.011429684236645699, -0.01963111199438572, 0.0421881340444088, 0.021169280633330345, -0.03822758048772812, -0.017828963696956635, -0.010047664865851402, 0.04927678778767586, -0.0345427505671978, 0.06572885066270828, -0.04589657858014107, 0.0020092453341931105, -0.005049196071922779, 0.010866839438676834, -0.04686896875500679, 0.016074825078248978, 0.00686999224126339, 0.024893706664443016, 0.03516998887062073, -0.0013399656163528562, -0.014466885477304459, 0.0038812251295894384, 0.028912080451846123, -0.031016210094094276, -0.025290481746196747, -0.037408024072647095, 0.006414737086743116, 0.013418351300060749, -0.015342285856604576 ]
<p>The question emerged while reading Ch. 3 of <a href="http://www.gaussianprocess.org/gpml/" rel="nofollow">Rasmussen &amp; Williams</a> . In the end of this chapter, the authors gave results for the problem of handwritten digits classification (16x16 greyscale pictures); features are 256 pixel intensities + bias. I was surprised that in such a high-dimensional problem, 'metric' methods, like Gaussian processes with squared exponential kernel, or SVM with the same kernel, behave quite nice without any dimension reduction preceeded.</p> <p>Also, I heard sometimes that SVM is good for [essentially bag-of-word] text classification. Why aren't they suffering from the curse of dimensionality?</p>
74,109
[ -0.01846235804259777, -0.005382824689149857, -0.021856417879462242, -0.03187894821166992, 0.0010721709113568068, -0.001967817544937134, -0.022764652967453003, -0.009852863848209381, -0.006347497925162315, -0.02687406912446022, 0.04273013025522232, 0.03372522443532944, 0.03968905657529831, 0.05475693196058273, -0.00849204882979393, -0.007093734573572874, -0.004873495548963547, -0.016381608322262764, 0.010433057323098183, 0.0015722610987722874, -0.018310552462935448, 0.03899219632148743, 0.008356577716767788, -0.04155559837818146, -0.04168592765927315, 0.022716272622346878, 0.002867579460144043, -0.02866963855922222, 0.03737863153219223, 0.03160279244184494, -0.016111914068460464, 0.008692271076142788, 0.0008875976782292128, 0.0419134683907032, 0.01674784906208515, 0.003806876251474023, -0.04251128062605858, -0.041526488959789276, -0.011335439048707485, 0.01468571275472641, -0.01565779186785221, -0.021876348182559013, 0.012282056733965874, 0.03484621271491051, -0.03281399607658386, 0.0584605373442173, 0.01416996493935585, -0.048929594457149506, 0.007538702804595232, -0.04477681592106819, 0.06051826477050781, -0.007494378834962845, 0.05588482320308685, 0.023628277704119682, 0.012367249466478825, -0.002394561655819416, 0.03625168651342392, 0.07949858903884888, -0.0189401563256979, -0.03469183295965195, -0.011128284968435764, 0.0034633225295692682, 0.02075491100549698, -0.00698762247338891, -0.0052465409971773624, 0.04304790496826172, -0.0059175374917685986, -0.030904965475201607, 0.0596419982612133, -0.023896045982837677, -0.01528992410749197, -0.0018665384268388152, 0.028471872210502625, 0.007938526570796967, -0.020257186144590378, 0.0020855392795056105, 0.008142602629959583, 0.007239477708935738, 0.03217136487364769, 0.011124950833618641, 0.033062148839235306, 0.0070510501973330975, 0.007743672002106905, 0.03369549661874771, 0.023406829684972763, 0.0016289206687361002, 0.06052515655755997, -0.015552102588117123, 0.025316596031188965, 0.05314197763800621, 0.009418249130249023, 0.02103586494922638, 0.05010920390486717, -0.019023656845092773, -0.04271123930811882, 0.06607028841972351, 0.004923999775201082, -0.000027639956897473894, 0.03339437022805214, -0.02538188174366951, -0.024152077734470367, -0.04371216148138046, 0.004158716183155775, 0.04035219922661781, -0.05326779559254646, -0.013743026182055473, -0.02400549128651619, 0.028424778953194618, -0.017461096867918968, 0.007690322585403919, -0.05061182752251625, -0.028772851452231407, 0.006722905673086643, 0.03293119743466377, 0.07913627475500107, 0.005104227922856808, -0.030502405017614365, -0.03251383826136589, 0.026183046400547028, 0.09750264137983322, 0.014116785489022732, -0.06449465453624725, 0.023527206853032112, -0.04416419938206673, -0.026213690638542175, 0.05061371996998787, 0.015612231567502022, -0.0301580261439085, -0.04896127060055733, 0.02514590322971344, 0.003896803595125675, -0.011569205671548843, 0.042685411870479584, 0.0005113382358103991, 0.0307780709117651, 0.018735600635409355, -0.07808718830347061, -0.05714225396513939, 0.06487122923135757, 0.008224757388234138, 0.018487639725208282, -0.06396211683750153, -0.018135515972971916, 0.034443244338035583, 0.01701236329972744, 0.019102046266198158, 0.06885477155447006, 0.03477435186505318, 0.03377091512084007, 0.018351001664996147, -0.02138984389603138, -0.0036190166138112545, -0.012053830549120903, -0.004083219915628433, 0.0064362091943621635, -0.03915778547525406, 0.03719577193260193, 0.017529131844639778, -0.019533608108758926, -0.018311990424990654, -0.01051994040608406, -0.006578341592103243, -0.010373330675065517, -0.021063566207885742, -0.003503538900986314, -0.02156306430697441, 0.07449722290039062, 0.03806028142571449, 0.08369222283363342, 0.023138882592320442, -0.01024298183619976, 0.014772014692425728, 0.038687460124492645, 0.031046777963638306, 0.021050522103905678, 0.01959839090704918, -0.005954737775027752, -0.023171421140432358, 0.03731995075941086, -0.004572487436234951, -0.031859856098890305, -0.06876276433467865, -0.007473981473594904, 0.024523122236132622, -0.00430965656414628, 0.0416552871465683, -0.009040743112564087, -0.008556232787668705, 0.02226971462368965, -0.03859468549489975, -0.024808580055832863, -0.05344020947813988, 0.011318797245621681, 0.0009984420612454414, -0.022030971944332123, 0.03638579696416855, -0.03405861184000969, -0.01994001679122448, -0.03288273885846138, -0.02467798814177513, -0.022425038740038872, -0.0068600475788116455, 0.015145459212362766, -0.07147613167762756, -0.02822944149374962, 0.010976452380418777, 0.0015510858502238989, -0.0498347170650959, 0.050043556839227676, -0.002184057841077447, -0.08601563423871994, 0.022562390193343163, -0.0023735337890684605, 0.047405906021595, -0.06336786597967148, -0.044076792895793915, 0.030306736007332802, -0.006168178282678127, -0.019001971930265427, 0.026803724467754364, -0.04505477845668793, 0.06774399429559708, 0.030958062037825584, 0.015216164290904999, -0.0021696488838642836, 0.02388458326458931, 0.0046884166076779366, 0.020075954496860504, 0.02237810380756855, -0.03710886463522911, -0.01129677053540945, -0.020801015198230743, 0.028128186240792274, 0.05298341065645218, -0.03843143954873085, 0.024683305993676186, 0.0383683480322361, 0.07235246896743774, -0.013351614587008953, -0.012618749402463436, 0.01034336257725954, -0.0008349688723683357, 0.02524937503039837, 0.020538460463285446, -0.019922375679016113, -0.01312833372503519, 0.0052391523495316505, -0.0021464144811034203, 0.015790650621056557, 0.006368490867316723, -0.014318128116428852, 0.047738105058670044, -0.03409716486930847, -0.000004934074240736663, -0.03263876214623451, 0.00695666903629899, 0.023892777040600777, -0.01933012343943119, -0.012572655454277992, 0.04619129002094269, 0.015473606064915657, 0.02844664640724659, -0.03359862416982651, -0.036559589207172394, 0.008426202461123466, 0.020439904183149338, -0.037883028388023376, -0.00875580869615078, 0.04018476977944374, -0.03876335173845291, 0.03599159047007561, -0.003534168004989624, -0.014894955791532993, -0.009858451783657074, 0.05439488962292671, 0.04068278148770332, 0.006379001773893833, 0.00820191204547882, -0.01598253659904003, -0.03035449981689453, 0.031467728316783905, -0.008498568087816238, 0.02651973068714142, 0.01424874272197485, -0.065460704267025, 0.013321776874363422, -0.05682875216007233, -0.0012605036608874798, 0.04363240301609039, 0.010991182178258896, 0.02565472386777401, -0.027108503505587578, -0.008894805796444416, -0.02898157201707363, -0.000940005062147975, -0.03612806275486946, 0.01267187763005495, -0.013744775205850601, -0.02880645915865898, 0.04625049978494644, -0.014027579687535763, -0.04243800789117813, 0.03532499447464943, -0.03493880853056908, -0.09539623558521271, -0.03496061637997627, 0.02146739698946476, -0.009762649424374104, -0.006043333560228348, 0.012853714637458324, 0.05258187651634216, -0.0030591636896133423, 0.004400508012622595, -0.05254925414919853, -0.04112319275736809, 0.021171383559703827, -0.0046599325723946095, 0.05942472815513611, 0.00993036013096571, 0.0033324703108519316, 0.04507821425795555, 0.05220263823866844, -0.03221270814538002, -0.02671203203499317, -0.010654344223439693, -0.07357281446456909, -0.0015212439466267824, -0.009041274897754192, 0.0029568106401711702, 0.02641628123819828, 0.03657395392656326, 0.019425466656684875, 0.0031068576499819756, 0.04914106801152229, -0.03250330314040184, -0.02481657825410366, 0.018897829577326775, -0.020462533459067345, -0.011433609761297703, 0.008763388730585575, 0.05089550092816353, -0.03068581596016884, 0.0071107507683336735, 0.030643120408058167, -0.00660181837156415, 0.018881404772400856, -0.021409424021840096, 0.007393577601760626, -0.0220970269292593, 0.03823850676417351, 0.006252937018871307, -0.016614140942692757, 0.019963223487138748, -0.009721167385578156, 0.00351279741153121, -0.004584745969623327, 0.03368165343999863, -0.046878837049007416, 0.025828728452324867, 0.011955111287534237, 0.049058374017477036, 0.012001344002783298, 0.008865570649504662, 0.0021408714819699526, -0.01730935648083687, 0.003163824323564768, 0.002794460393488407, -0.012753483839333057, 0.021551957353949547, 0.06324411928653717, 0.019048629328608513, -0.021652797237038612, -0.033011142164468765, 0.013601243495941162, -0.051006853580474854, -0.02989010140299797, -0.0009419209090992808, 0.009896651841700077, 0.014773471280932426, 0.007968646474182606, 0.02028052508831024, -0.015754936262965202, 0.017859671264886856, 0.007450202479958534, -0.038212575018405914, -0.02234133519232273, -0.02827032096683979, 0.022964008152484894, 0.0021568506490439177, -0.01612473838031292, 0.052183475345373154, -0.012076858431100845, 0.003636268200352788, 0.008139234967529774, 0.013082042336463928, -0.08188283443450928, -0.012787863612174988, -0.014693599194288254, -0.025356395170092583, -0.01921181194484234, 0.0064448146149516106, -0.005468313116580248, -0.03942563384771347, 0.008635113015770912, 0.052678097039461136, -0.031011350452899933, -0.017197221517562866, -0.02251531556248665, 0.04315466061234474, 0.012114378623664379, 0.04813859984278679, 0.009708219207823277, 0.03489117696881294, -0.04603854939341545, 0.01666887104511261, 0.039270881563425064, 0.051113955676555634, 0.01632530242204666, -0.03195101395249367, 0.010228090919554234, -0.06703577935695648, -0.04077358916401863, 0.03387840837240219, 0.026756305247545242, 0.0008677571313455701, -0.017006337642669678, 0.01722126640379429, 0.04658905416727066, -0.05664132907986641, -0.020026396960020065, 0.04918140172958374, 0.01863843761384487, -0.0163266658782959, -0.020609479397535324, -0.005211330950260162, 0.02372802048921585, -0.019458791241049767, 0.05073314905166626, -0.019829295575618744, -0.002342828782275319, -0.034328706562519073, 0.022453084588050842, -0.07056814432144165, -0.06589781492948532, -0.004742936231195927, 0.019402049481868744, -0.0029808012768626213, -0.003110182471573353, -0.002970641478896141, 0.025444133207201958, 0.0537385456264019, 0.06559146195650101, 0.04237523302435875, -0.03735208138823509, -0.043975114822387695, 0.010975695215165615, 0.049251291900873184, 0.03054625354707241, -0.01855141669511795, -0.039279479533433914, -0.033467236906290054, -0.0009442605660296977, 0.018808549270033836, -0.017577573657035828, 0.015665041282773018, -0.0009436075924895704, -0.040111370384693146, -0.011266431771218777, -0.02120242826640606, -0.00812180433422327, 0.0023813950829207897, 0.015916064381599426, 0.02679848112165928, -0.030592061579227448, -0.02441631630063057, -0.05394434556365013, 0.02494468353688717, -0.003684760071337223, 0.011672435328364372, -0.009196984581649303, -0.013380398042500019, -0.005091422237455845, 0.03802013769745827, -0.04472912475466728, -0.06013704836368561, 0.003965521231293678, 0.024133354425430298, -0.011926782317459583, 0.05891473963856697, -0.013393831439316273, -0.05918696150183678, 0.03575107827782631, 0.009045316837728024, -0.03068864718079567, -0.03733690083026886, -0.0020437221974134445, 0.012273551896214485, 0.06373903155326843, 0.017661254853010178, 0.06212886422872543, 0.03128218650817871, -0.0007971609011292458, 0.003820384619757533, -0.022480081766843796, 0.030998071655631065, -0.0404110923409462, 0.006539456080645323, -0.012859015725553036, -0.014414394274353981, -0.007822122424840927, 0.027394596487283707, 0.04442090541124344, 0.04092257842421532, 0.005860288627445698, -0.01388490479439497, -0.007096847984939814, 0.01032170932739973, -0.01374912727624178, -0.00779706658795476, -0.015012255869805813, 0.0701470822095871, -0.0189772117882967, -0.025671444833278656, -0.013981465250253677, -0.009443771094083786, 0.016172951087355614, 0.013614065945148468, -0.018737053498625755, -0.03239995613694191, -0.03873822093009949, 0.03272338584065437, 0.001211739843711257, 0.010945916175842285, 0.06588166207075119, -0.030135177075862885, 0.01888369210064411, 0.024751802906394005, -0.025351857766509056, -0.007993103004992008, -0.019780663773417473, -0.010901694186031818, 0.04742642492055893, -0.02978239580988884, 0.016348371282219887, -0.008624743670225143, 0.017920346930623055, -0.07754687964916229, -0.0179615318775177, 0.00043211356387473643, -0.002079117577522993, -0.001475210185162723, -0.03676123544573784, 0.00005928019163548015, 0.0022759560961276293, -0.04246734827756882, 0.011808796785771847, 0.06568548083305359, 0.015980593860149384, -0.016275594010949135, 0.03673303499817848, 0.046407055109739304, 0.042332157492637634, -0.04742485657334328, 0.009882139042019844, 0.040823280811309814, 0.012127100490033627, 0.018265439197421074, -0.00682919193059206, 0.03247718885540962, -0.025779172778129578, 0.003475747536867857, -0.017551256343722343, -0.027115173637866974, -0.014132312498986721, -0.0018776602810248733, 0.0017092099878937006, -0.005038063507527113, -0.025425489991903305, 0.028062758967280388, -0.009384587407112122, 0.0002266077499371022, 0.011197391897439957, -0.018455972895026207, -0.02367701381444931, -0.017310556024312973, 0.02862764149904251, 0.0002587666967883706, 0.03399195149540901, 0.03006540983915329, -0.005399714224040508, 0.059980180114507675, 0.01657659001648426, -0.032856766134500504, 0.02607799880206585, 0.015212347730994225, -0.0090857595205307, 0.04068472981452942, -0.007653259672224522, 0.0324152447283268, -0.0003980195615440607, -0.006142631638795137, -0.05318620428442955, -0.007201495114713907, -0.053026266396045685, -0.0027932319790124893, 0.06347942352294922, 0.010619197972118855, 0.04439861699938774, 0.00009615445014787838, -0.03770771250128746, 0.01106130238622427, -0.05044200271368027, -0.0495484322309494, -0.002771120285615325, -0.04993187263607979, 0.03558231517672539, -0.0011599964927881956, -0.01875343732535839, 0.0194004625082016, -0.01053045503795147, 0.03512147441506386, 0.015333680436015129, 0.0051771593280136585, 0.015111745335161686, 0.03795931488275528, -0.05760369077324867, -0.013074374757707119, 0.02940230816602707, -0.003485315013676882, 0.005479783751070499, -0.01938531920313835, 0.006187978200614452, 0.05870920047163963, -0.0033057862892746925, 0.0033774191979318857, -0.043568387627601624, -0.03346860036253929, -0.056658271700143814, 0.01455084141343832, 0.07104792445898056, -0.01677219569683075, 0.016755813732743263, 0.003493190510198474, -0.001934655592776835, 0.009819623082876205, 0.0186281967908144, -0.01203360129147768, -0.0632409080862999, -0.05032343044877052, -0.06017139554023743, -0.06240572780370712, 0.03910716250538826, 0.03206396475434303, -0.07022575289011002, 0.011062479577958584, -0.03506375104188919, 0.05557581037282944, -0.01735042780637741, 0.003525614505633712, 0.00017466177814640105, 0.03972950205206871, 0.04235393926501274, 0.02857978641986847, -0.0022166266571730375, -0.007457458879798651, 0.11858595907688141, 0.06724710762500763, 0.045788753777742386, -0.059330545365810394, 0.007151206489652395, -0.01704704947769642, -0.021674012765288353, -0.04281983524560928, 0.014536798931658268, -0.008409682661294937, -0.00011087035818491131, 0.0017987152095884085, 0.02240164577960968, 0.0411079004406929, -0.0014927652664482594, 0.006894402205944061, -0.05978402495384216, -0.013074621558189392, -0.00460212305188179, 0.0058510797098279, 0.025754986330866814, 0.003398716449737549, -0.030478298664093018, 0.0226729866117239, 0.009164140559732914, -0.02061784453690052, -0.009291266091167927, -0.0027168025262653828, -0.0020445052068680525, -0.018929947167634964, -0.0008324600639753044, -0.02216937579214573, 0.019306575879454613, -0.008977839723229408, 0.03705258667469025, 0.02192709967494011, 0.015362990088760853, 0.0026695088017731905, -0.014123133383691311, -0.0021485707256942987, -0.010007236152887344, 0.01100629847496748, 0.043015122413635254, -0.027205849066376686, -0.016176186501979828, -0.04727257415652275, -0.048245593905448914, 0.06316111236810684, -0.02691696025431156, 0.013681620359420776, 0.021593865007162094, -0.0015445604221895337, -0.022844474762678146, -0.04098300263285637, -0.016706308349967003, 0.0021896716207265854, 0.02903297357261181, 0.005072082858532667, -0.04041914641857147, -0.002518722554668784, 0.07719752192497253, -0.018462849780917168, 0.04876536503434181, 0.02921248972415924, -0.047948043793439865, 0.004528114106506109, -0.012971035204827785, 0.03303265944123268, 0.011210557073354721, -0.023937903344631195, -0.010270507074892521, 0.0011714787688106298, -0.01142139546573162, -0.062394879758358, 0.0012005351018160582, 0.010813385248184204, 0.017012711614370346, -0.025984343141317368, -0.012727534398436546, -0.022715872153639793, -0.03933434188365936, 0.03883938491344452, -0.013110654428601265, 0.025874629616737366, -0.019207056611776352, -0.034173108637332916, -0.024060064926743507, 0.03256135433912277, 0.03364584594964981, 0.0021428829059004784, 0.016556499525904655, 0.007451151497662067, 0.004993766080588102, -0.03714390844106674, -0.016002459451556206, -0.02034291811287403, -0.06006884202361107, 0.03568057343363762, 0.007257937453687191, 0.036920562386512756, 0.0011459293309599161, 0.012888684868812561, 0.0016518436605110765, 0.05773049220442772, -0.012873941101133823, -0.0358060747385025, 0.005462605506181717, -0.04176493361592293, -0.00394465122371912, 0.005793553311377764, 0.017897535115480423, -0.06560530513525009, -0.06159939244389534, -0.023797277361154556, 0.005665048491209745, 0.0086659025400877, 0.01912083476781845, -0.03903801739215851, 0.006826906464993954, -0.058199141174554825, 0.05759892612695694, -0.01762770488858223, -0.0241756122559309, -0.0031246719881892204, 0.024194566532969475, -0.016260620206594467, -0.04631781950592995, 0.032456062734127045, -0.027166618034243584, 0.008543424308300018, 0.0010306640760973096, 0.02952578477561474, 0.00324372504837811, 0.012568024918437004, 0.004062898922711611, 0.022273842245340347, -0.032482050359249115, 0.005513652227818966, -0.04141451045870781, 0.00882016308605671, 0.02339218556880951, -0.04815131798386574, -0.03423937410116196, 0.013559861108660698, -0.05868706479668617, -0.025101538747549057, 0.008708154782652855, 0.00454252352938056, -0.033720362931489944, 0.05357185751199722, -0.01945403777062893, -0.016890747472643852, -0.0017121998826041818, -0.01824059523642063, 0.001939046080224216, -0.004389716777950525, 0.0289734099060297, -0.0066788033582270145, -0.04616120457649231, 0.0014809040585532784, 0.026503240689635277, 0.021777743473649025, -0.01785268820822239, 0.039232030510902405, -0.024834631010890007, 0.03734853118658066, 0.004346686881035566, 0.006662008352577686, 0.04301345348358154, 0.041012898087501526, -0.032617755234241486, 0.015716610476374626, 0.018828514963388443, 0.032786596566438675, -0.07142426073551178, 0.02715260535478592, 0.05471824109554291, 0.022117096930742264, 0.031385358422994614, -0.0797213464975357, 0.0068297190591692924, 0.01257198117673397, -0.10128159821033478, 0.022330740466713905, -0.007127160206437111, 0.008642463013529778, -0.048638712614774704, 0.011506783775985241, -0.01563246175646782, -0.03137487545609474, 0.03544607385993004, 0.02164827100932598, 0.03593921288847923, 0.04541435465216637, -0.021688425913453102, -0.011635764501988888, -0.023762930184602737, 0.04008372873067856, -0.04129352048039436, -0.015178024768829346, 0.04989289492368698, -0.04116631671786308, -0.011701070703566074, 0.003931286744773388, 0.011238337494432926, 0.019738832488656044, 0.029741531237959862, 0.011818965896964073, -0.0022647192236036062, 0.008108505979180336, 0.05792488157749176, -0.011803979054093361, -0.012103860266506672, -0.0024028790649026632, 0.027341201901435852, 0.031550873070955276, 0.0069998507387936115, 0.008461389690637589, -0.009687630459666252, -0.0007667674217373133, -0.011955631896853447, 0.005424103233963251, 0.0005746824317611754, -0.038025762885808945, 0.012884455733001232, 0.031083086505532265, 0.00421154173091054, 0.002698718337342143, 0.04008852317929268, -0.06617226451635361, 0.005607078783214092, -0.01910906657576561, 0.015476063825190067, -0.018960483372211456, 0.006873051170259714, -0.020022960379719734, -0.06851056218147278, -0.017538893967866898, 0.010143444873392582, -0.0009870142675936222, -0.03885546699166298, 0.014476446434855461, 0.023403972387313843, -0.030764738097786903, -0.017236988991498947, -0.01631876453757286, -0.012882471084594727, 0.06318937987089157, 0.0035097291693091393, 0.07053466886281967, 0.005985108204185963, -0.025649776682257652, 0.0034837026614695787, -0.09387314319610596, 0.0541573166847229, 0.010055088438093662, 0.007445725612342358, 0.0016115647740662098, -0.01780865341424942, -0.019467001780867577, -0.02233155071735382, 0.07895756512880325, -0.025375960394740105, 0.013151015155017376, -0.0038722313474863768, -0.013995958492159843, -0.017940578982234, -0.028120920062065125, 0.013659014366567135, -0.03409154340624809, -0.02694941684603691, -0.012532275170087814, -0.014614029787480831, 0.011922884732484818, 0.033994995057582855, 0.014880773611366749, -0.0012332944897934794, -0.04365798458456993, -0.011699323542416096, -0.032481689006090164, 0.0331173874437809, 0.026129290461540222, 0.013724283315241337, 0.06542094051837921, 0.02283664420247078, 0.02393331006169319, -0.007041198667138815, 0.008900568820536137, -0.03271530196070671, 0.02827182225883007, 0.02199569344520569, -0.047245245426893234, -0.01917964220046997, 0.044787753373384476, 0.0183865986764431, -0.054323986172676086, -0.0008610871736891568, 0.06887321919202805, -0.0469825342297554, 0.012435284443199635, 0.0339643619954586, 0.006512167863547802, 0.0167528223246336, 0.030616890639066696, 0.008943600580096245, 0.038036175072193146, -0.002657444216310978, 0.01011158712208271, 0.006502510979771614, -0.003979499917477369, 0.008155620656907558, 0.027870383113622665, 0.014782309532165527, -0.04000924900174141, 0.022564301267266273, 0.004034806974232197, 0.030058933421969414, -0.06328156590461731, -0.03928385302424431, -0.020417647436261177, 0.01547467801719904, -0.01880546472966671, -0.02920345775783062, -0.020578987896442413, 0.09446708112955093, -0.013015947304666042, -0.030824394896626472, -0.05158506706357002, -0.01767725497484207, -0.01793815940618515, -0.0058768196031451225, 0.007972938008606434, 0.022001244127750397, -0.006649882532656193, 0.011628619395196438, -0.0024614566937088966, 0.030766712501645088, 0.00945807434618473, -0.025157125666737556, 0.03631562367081642, -0.0006187690887600183, -0.0011422409443184733, 0.03556835651397705, -0.0022518346086144447, 0.01236856821924448, -0.004467449150979519, 0.01754637248814106, 0.043499771505594254, 0.03364065662026405, 0.017645368352532387, -0.014238434843719006, 0.0029254662804305553, 0.07123955339193344, -0.07418114691972733, 0.01346526201814413, -0.04948278144001961, 0.01814337819814682, 0.0047752042300999165, -0.005400559864938259 ]
<p>I am new to R and would like your help with lme formula for partially crossed random effect in a random-intercept, random-slope model. In the longitudinal data I have, each subject (barring some dropouts) was tested at 5 different occasions. The standardized tests were administered by 3 different examiners, with 2 of them present at all occasions, and the 3rd one administering tests only on the last two occasions. The subjects were randomly assigned to the examiners.</p> <p>Mock data: </p> <pre><code>data &lt;- data.frame(subject=rep(A,5), time=1:5, examiner=c(2,1,2,2,3), covariate=c(1,1.3,0.8,1,0.6), score=c(46,56,60,68,70)) </code></pre> <p>I tested the following models:</p> <pre><code>&gt;model1 &lt;- lme(score~time*covariate, random=~time|subject, method="REML", na.action=na.omit, data=dat) &gt;model2 &lt;- lme(score~time*covariate, random=list(examiner=~1,subject=~time), method="REML", na.action=na.omit, data=dat) &gt;anova(model1, model2) #gives p&lt;0.05 with better model fit for model2. </code></pre> <p>I would like to know if <code>model2</code> is the correct way to specify the partially crossed random effect in the data I described.</p>
74,110
[ -0.024893898516893387, -0.011378046125173569, -0.010135386139154434, 0.021051401272416115, 0.009230037219822407, 0.020175160840153694, -0.01004138682037592, -0.018585022538900375, 0.048936888575553894, 0.022921660915017128, 0.040270838886499405, 0.06798767298460007, 0.060547176748514175, 0.004131793975830078, 0.040368832647800446, 0.026724912226200104, 0.02041804976761341, -0.017929336056113243, -0.0031500663608312607, -0.022781584411859512, -0.01726449467241764, -0.0005071477498859167, -0.0009329061140306294, -0.022627903148531914, 0.002291157143190503, 0.05040590092539787, 0.005195940844714642, -0.04542402923107147, 0.03082786314189434, 0.041613511741161346, -0.03932826966047287, -0.01981283351778984, 0.0015019876882433891, -0.012807085178792477, -0.00462417583912611, 0.01758306287229061, -0.01667596772313118, -0.02182646282017231, 0.00844773929566145, 0.04104893282055855, -0.014442436397075653, 0.00929791945964098, -0.015038684941828251, 0.06585900485515594, -0.0005379136418923736, 0.03107968345284462, -0.04078594222664833, 0.018411653116345406, 0.05902661010622978, -0.03862358257174492, 0.059632182121276855, -0.02434205636382103, 0.06626584380865097, 0.02472119778394699, -0.026127785444259644, -0.00010702794679673389, 0.06342634558677673, 0.06567767262458801, 0.010715772397816181, -0.041981279850006104, -0.01321172434836626, -0.049119286239147186, 0.009804182685911655, -0.006961560342460871, -0.03502049669623375, -0.009747995063662529, 0.010077486746013165, -0.007415464613586664, 0.025302337482571602, -0.02631344646215439, 0.0052530718967318535, -0.004475187975913286, 0.0620550662279129, -0.005100593902170658, 0.042768239974975586, -0.02352851815521717, 0.021426714956760406, -0.0028013824485242367, 0.021685443818569183, 0.026270663365721703, -0.049367498606443405, -0.006036778911948204, 0.015129259787499905, 0.055212393403053284, -0.013377124443650246, -0.0455857515335083, 0.05479538068175316, 0.0020039924420416355, 0.01367203239351511, 0.0032574133947491646, -0.022454410791397095, 0.038271214812994, 0.02619006298482418, 0.051795102655887604, -0.0485084094107151, 0.06737577170133591, 0.011028474196791649, 0.04570360481739044, 0.006241080816835165, 0.016811389476060867, -0.02677006460726261, -0.03998405486345291, 0.013493040576577187, 0.05963989347219467, -0.016050945967435837, -0.017057156190276146, -0.024833640083670616, 0.008438133634626865, -0.027589116245508194, -0.03765931725502014, 0.0012353239580988884, 0.06863487511873245, -0.029379719868302345, -0.02385260909795761, 0.030564630404114723, -0.034277111291885376, -0.023207947611808777, 0.01765584759414196, 0.06858594715595245, 0.06577783823013306, 0.042356498539447784, -0.016619006171822548, -0.015422631986439228, -0.016624541953206062, -0.021000713109970093, 0.001799252349883318, 0.0016180470120161772, -0.009400335140526295, -0.01628963276743889, 0.05742933601140976, 0.018837112933397293, -0.03896022215485573, 0.014337199740111828, -0.00027516079717315733, 0.03130875155329704, -0.023087602108716965, -0.08912525326013565, -0.05471598729491234, -0.002975515089929104, -0.031977251172065735, 0.017593655735254288, -0.04036485776305199, -0.020027175545692444, 0.003116769250482321, 0.06677868217229843, -0.008743138052523136, 0.009747149422764778, 0.0005245924112387002, -0.007886447943747044, -0.0010506471153348684, -0.038567982614040375, -0.02058844082057476, -0.04357626661658287, -0.012797307223081589, -0.05474847927689552, -0.08411499112844467, 0.006965566426515579, 0.029398374259471893, -0.02175835520029068, 0.014694204553961754, 0.000054593809181824327, -0.004737638868391514, -0.0035598701797425747, -0.010717540048062801, 0.03159834071993828, -0.057878974825143814, 0.06987595558166504, -0.013697105459868908, 0.06399030983448029, 0.05737724527716637, -0.015193512663245201, 0.04586053639650345, 0.004554446320980787, 0.05088129639625549, 0.030241558328270912, -0.005514978431165218, 0.012442424893379211, 0.029155520722270012, -0.005613850895315409, 0.02999948523938656, -0.055413734167814255, 0.010652323253452778, -0.03637311980128288, 0.0030664398800581694, 0.003136847633868456, 0.024061724543571472, 0.009228751994669437, -0.004192295018583536, 0.04678386449813843, 0.004847401287406683, -0.03733889386057854, -0.05518706887960434, 0.010129586793482304, 0.03384977951645851, -0.04051607847213745, 0.01859717071056366, -0.01247574295848608, 0.026433730497956276, 0.009372543543577194, -0.03168955445289612, -0.0802057757973671, 0.012705964036285877, 0.02187836728990078, -0.0043550212867558, 0.024744492024183273, 0.02607099898159504, 0.02736767567694187, -0.0190948024392128, 0.06893590092658997, -0.03585189953446388, -0.003844976658001542, 0.004365369211882353, 0.009335733018815517, 0.010299937799572945, 0.003544272156432271, -0.012903502210974693, 0.009429908357560635, 0.00118193996604532, -0.00654755299910903, 0.05046314001083374, -0.06676489859819412, 0.05791732668876648, 0.08458344638347626, 0.020409459248185158, 0.018768537789583206, 0.004143393132835627, 0.029193183407187462, 0.03916202113032341, -0.03859996050596237, -0.022880451753735542, -0.02197650633752346, -0.03431778773665428, 0.04251057654619217, -0.015508631244301796, -0.0028599980287253857, 0.01693933829665184, 0.035807881504297256, -0.026587840169668198, -0.008512682281434536, 0.05088682100176811, 0.0160287544131279, -0.01353970542550087, -0.004904118832200766, 0.02410655841231346, 0.002516624052077532, 0.00006676191696897149, 0.04293930158019066, -0.03350841999053955, 0.04301374778151512, 0.03434283286333084, 0.015849657356739044, 0.03122153878211975, 0.02292954921722412, -0.014554576948285103, -0.0017915813950821757, -0.01762414537370205, 0.06570184230804443, 0.019325701519846916, 0.023926518857479095, 0.09074060618877411, 0.012647253461182117, -0.010475629940629005, -0.001187042915262282, -0.03690750524401665, 0.029751885682344437, 0.030983421951532364, -0.009594172239303589, -0.007776013575494289, 0.010157485492527485, -0.010731958784162998, 0.011576966382563114, -0.020945698022842407, -0.01632988266646862, -0.05916408449411392, 0.01706984080374241, 0.019074948504567146, 0.008737094700336456, 0.03040551207959652, -0.054230209439992905, 0.005243392661213875, 0.014429419301450253, -0.0006712698377668858, 0.04799734801054001, -0.006930140312761068, -0.0445556640625, 0.024480391293764114, -0.01924252323806286, -0.00812159851193428, 0.018502887338399887, 0.014985240064561367, -0.02029363438487053, 0.04351325333118439, -0.0212070532143116, -0.0340043380856514, -0.07829414308071136, -0.020638901740312576, 0.03408878669142723, -0.030156632885336876, 0.0022584209218621254, 0.05945779010653496, 0.0388902872800827, -0.04588279128074646, 0.009653585962951183, -0.023323440924286842, -0.024037109687924385, 0.015329190529882908, -0.0055062295868992805, 0.021488424390554428, 0.02694537863135338, 0.04354996606707573, 0.038046542555093765, -0.01603521965444088, -0.01783580146729946, -0.08074967563152313, -0.03799569979310036, 0.04065839946269989, 0.015674829483032227, -0.00835481472313404, -0.001649257494136691, -0.014059031382203102, 0.07026354968547821, 0.05559025704860687, -0.028745871037244797, -0.04510026052594185, -0.011176183819770813, -0.0227154903113842, -0.027224013581871986, 0.017279893159866333, -0.0008805792895145714, -0.022324135527014732, 0.005234477575868368, 0.0023756944574415684, 0.030684413388371468, 0.040665481239557266, 0.011675367131829262, 0.026478949934244156, -0.0031934769358485937, 0.01618899591267109, -0.03824751451611519, 0.025976840406656265, -0.005718536209315062, 0.001091203885152936, 0.010840428061783314, -0.004847397096455097, 0.020430248230695724, -0.011368921026587486, -0.06027776747941971, 0.019175026565790176, -0.05576002970337868, 0.020970376208424568, -0.009672315791249275, 0.023500679060816765, 0.01573789492249489, -0.04115494713187218, -0.010438824072480202, 0.010020705871284008, 0.038917358964681625, -0.026902029290795326, 0.0018395869992673397, 0.05817602202296257, 0.03694858029484749, -0.0036177802830934525, -0.015010461211204529, -0.01480267196893692, 0.018659261986613274, 0.01512493472546339, -0.056574322283267975, 0.012259922921657562, 0.04097267985343933, 0.029277849942445755, 0.0057256510481238365, 0.007593723013997078, -0.029429884627461433, 0.004766172729432583, -0.087392657995224, 0.05084265023469925, -0.0402027890086174, 0.0618765652179718, 0.018454603850841522, 0.013826028443872929, 0.00914092268794775, -0.05112742260098457, 0.020341286435723305, -0.009146333672106266, -0.03700941056013107, 0.047575198113918304, 0.0008833833853714168, -0.047713056206703186, 0.014502138830721378, -0.010287580080330372, 0.019706998020410538, -0.025322092697024345, -0.003653974737972021, 0.0004060958744958043, -0.006481292191892862, 0.0025114351883530617, 0.0052743819542229176, -0.03820867836475372, -0.025656074285507202, -0.02145092934370041, 0.04019228741526604, -0.010983680374920368, -0.017245961353182793, -0.005801006220281124, 0.018530163913965225, 0.006906768307089806, 0.014477084390819073, -0.011146211065351963, -0.027796052396297455, 0.010780712589621544, 0.029920846223831177, 0.04390135407447815, -0.00391492759808898, -0.03352462500333786, 0.04575810581445694, -0.0014824509853497148, 0.020072054117918015, 0.051031678915023804, -0.0030931811779737473, -0.029898695647716522, -0.022395148873329163, -0.014356241561472416, -0.0007876121671870351, -0.010502632707357407, 0.007285413332283497, -0.011739919893443584, 0.04257045313715935, 0.03154153376817703, -0.018418971449136734, 0.014717561192810535, 0.06308752298355103, 0.01945234276354313, 0.012735655531287193, -0.03458228334784508, 0.01839902438223362, 0.007782225031405687, -0.01768353022634983, 0.030080698430538177, 0.02628965862095356, 0.02260596863925457, -0.027768902480602264, 0.04207505285739899, 0.006414054427295923, -0.004003026522696018, -0.008348805829882622, 0.04111119732260704, -0.007697877939790487, 0.001447258167900145, -0.029509475454688072, -0.023314014077186584, 0.029452715069055557, 0.011040907353162766, -0.0208382997661829, -0.000565719383303076, -0.0661950558423996, -0.02104777656495571, 0.031484272330999374, 0.0493299625813961, -0.05628938600420952, -0.026490936055779457, -0.013753049075603485, 0.008844947442412376, 0.00039257245953194797, -0.035490717738866806, -0.00044083682587370276, -0.01185973547399044, 0.010981771163642406, -0.027311494573950768, -0.0032283696345984936, -0.06692131608724594, 0.040286585688591, -0.025690991431474686, 0.004021435976028442, -0.011133916676044464, -0.07260138541460037, -0.016854330897331238, -0.006475664675235748, 0.014732848852872849, 0.05465446040034294, -0.012117152102291584, -0.015905970707535744, 0.021952353417873383, 0.030714910477399826, -0.011224380694329739, -0.03376512974500656, 0.005112127400934696, -0.0392504557967186, 0.020379165187478065, 0.029185961931943893, 0.007246397901326418, 0.024270815774798393, 0.04249667003750801, 0.032357752323150635, 0.01929568313062191, -0.02562517113983631, -0.03324005752801895, 0.04079931601881981, 0.028112217783927917, 0.021153416484594345, 0.0409824401140213, 0.027449624612927437, 0.019499538466334343, -0.008011219091713428, -0.032628171145915985, 0.015094743110239506, -0.025927964597940445, -0.03455417603254318, -0.052027810364961624, -0.036596283316612244, -0.018821721896529198, 0.013452261686325073, -0.006018881686031818, 0.04155217856168747, -0.04722951725125313, -0.025611944496631622, 0.0003220404905732721, 0.023558130487799644, -0.0006686355918645859, -0.015841573476791382, -0.009101597592234612, -0.017564106732606888, 0.003289340063929558, 0.011874072253704071, -0.009721781127154827, -0.04442945495247841, -0.006820074748247862, -0.024010634049773216, -0.02409263141453266, 0.020891085267066956, 0.027500925585627556, -0.06038742512464523, -0.006305924616754055, -0.05133526027202606, -0.0048456271179020405, 0.003634230000898242, 0.015045964159071445, -0.03942915052175522, -0.032688722014427185, -0.025315847247838974, 0.05301615968346596, -0.014365707524120808, 0.013949790969491005, -0.0013245840091258287, 0.037025902420282364, -0.01957712508738041, -0.028077993541955948, -0.054743796586990356, -0.038623034954071045, 0.006451394408941269, -0.01049747783690691, -0.011548598296940327, -0.010607625357806683, -0.04584809020161629, -0.03718401491641998, 0.025839971378445625, -0.007953884080052376, 0.05286262556910515, -0.009405821561813354, 0.004665106534957886, 0.01138413418084383, 0.021251115947961807, 0.05724925920367241, 0.018670855090022087, -0.00999823771417141, 0.015381164848804474, -0.035554438829422, -0.04937818646430969, 0.005745678208768368, 0.013057271018624306, -0.023050595074892044, -0.01493627019226551, -0.051623694598674774, 0.052497901022434235, 0.09103970229625702, -0.008242777548730373, 0.004022766370326281, -0.0035956513602286577, -0.00872957892715931, 0.0016766480403020978, -0.07327763736248016, -0.003137922380119562, 0.009061667136847973, 0.0034895888529717922, -0.007602158468216658, 0.04400678724050522, -0.012835872359573841, -0.0056785899214446545, 0.029327044263482094, -0.04311784356832504, -0.0156753808259964, -0.011984709650278091, 0.09482551366090775, -0.01235189102590084, 0.01794661581516266, 0.001833388232626021, -0.029783187434077263, 0.03745611384510994, 0.02195456251502037, -0.021929247304797173, 0.027623916044831276, 0.00687205558642745, -0.04806843772530556, -0.02799496240913868, -0.01434036809951067, 0.021448533982038498, 0.052537236362695694, -0.050059687346220016, 0.019381683319807053, 0.06132207438349724, 0.02481953054666519, -0.009848838672041893, -0.015083846636116505, -0.003901989199221134, -0.050203390419483185, 0.03181418776512146, 0.06589808315038681, -0.017344525083899498, -0.0041544754058122635, 0.03936981409788132, 0.009201938286423683, 0.044895537197589874, 0.05131813511252403, -0.01486975234001875, 0.011570703238248825, 0.027791032567620277, 0.045709967613220215, -0.011218652129173279, 0.03425457328557968, 0.0027563287876546383, -0.01983780227601528, -0.04211503639817238, -0.033888883888721466, 0.02050844579935074, 0.03917670622467995, -0.018117694184184074, -0.041678763926029205, 0.0000981043340289034, -0.04094089940190315, 0.011111339554190636, 0.014703566208481789, -0.022615300491452217, 0.040207866579294205, 0.004978340584784746, 0.024843087419867516, -0.005088609177619219, 0.030219782143831253, -0.039846327155828476, -0.09416905045509338, -0.004910925403237343, -0.020318426191806793, -0.0077941869385540485, 0.01232872623950243, -0.0008071038755588233, 0.002042513806372881, 0.001250769942998886, -0.032694775611162186, 0.011142796836793423, 0.007127928081899881, 0.035628121346235275, -0.005316541530191898, 0.06767543405294418, -0.0021375622600317, 0.03278021141886711, -0.014470931142568588, -0.023813484236598015, 0.11991959810256958, 0.05702324956655502, 0.04115094989538193, -0.0626491829752922, 0.020787524059414864, 0.006732664071023464, 0.0008602043380960822, -0.008336163125932217, -0.006264466792345047, 0.011444071307778358, -0.06068453937768936, 0.0773882046341896, 0.03578310087323189, -0.01636062189936638, -0.033741969615221024, 0.002363310195505619, -0.04176715761423111, -0.03569994121789932, 0.010759986005723476, -0.015657830983400345, -0.005465934984385967, -0.033893752843141556, -0.019660281017422676, 0.007119437679648399, 0.01228809542953968, 0.031163249164819717, -0.014635425992310047, -0.009763220325112343, -0.01215540710836649, 0.01877685822546482, 0.005950110964477062, 0.03673475235700607, -0.024154191836714745, 0.028130438178777695, -0.014653293415904045, -0.01574760489165783, 0.034333955496549606, 0.0035816398449242115, 0.012176888063549995, 0.03270334750413895, 0.0024633281864225864, 0.012627897784113884, 0.0019135037437081337, 0.02729334495961666, -0.05575254186987877, -0.0344727449119091, -0.03197231516242027, 0.0599488765001297, -0.011861530132591724, -0.03255359083414078, -0.012941748835146427, -0.037260543555021286, 0.034006159752607346, -0.025216825306415558, -0.06341289728879929, 0.0408439077436924, 0.0018457000842317939, -0.023414000868797302, 0.006794329266995192, -0.0392768494784832, 0.010803873650729656, -0.0005972638027742505, 0.03715550899505615, 0.0243246890604496, -0.03861825540661812, 0.016794882714748383, -0.036269817501306534, 0.04954102635383606, 0.0012470056535676122, 0.029344553127884865, 0.02637876383960247, -0.0005976790562272072, -0.026048166677355766, -0.028562042862176895, 0.01721644029021263, 0.008572663180530071, 0.00891701690852642, -0.05192311108112335, 0.012056003324687481, -0.03360772505402565, -0.03619396314024925, 0.010145741514861584, 0.005765171721577644, -0.010998982936143875, -0.01209933590143919, -0.030778683722019196, 0.018553832545876503, 0.02471281588077545, -0.017751334235072136, -0.008203157223761082, 0.0034882640466094017, 0.060331910848617554, -0.024132968857884407, -0.07657057046890259, -0.00966289546340704, -0.004328775219619274, -0.006486808881163597, -0.01718555949628353, -0.012657483108341694, 0.060599662363529205, 0.01045804563909769, 0.021813442930579185, -0.031421203166246414, 0.04181508719921112, -0.008443237282335758, -0.043823543936014175, 0.009197954088449478, -0.03697765991091728, -0.00642691133543849, -0.029039345681667328, -0.002687975764274597, -0.03383336961269379, 0.02526211179792881, -0.06179799884557724, -0.035253796726465225, 0.013642492704093456, -0.020157339051365852, -0.03125753998756409, 0.028764519840478897, 0.006859053857624531, -0.02202386036515236, -0.027729110792279243, 0.014734052121639252, -0.04537898674607277, -0.009200789965689182, 0.003958886954933405, -0.022936660796403885, -0.001841739984229207, 0.01158288586884737, 0.0028812121599912643, -0.030383503064513206, 0.020136767998337746, 0.0036899808328598738, 0.02438257820904255, -0.019476452842354774, 0.00891544483602047, -0.0007364600314758718, 0.05693884566426277, -0.011778555810451508, -0.003951323684304953, 0.02600006014108658, -0.035225290805101395, -0.02499530278146267, 0.009855415672063828, -0.003178192535415292, 0.03738035261631012, 0.005917794536799192, -0.010472412221133709, -0.0077423411421477795, 0.05261441320180893, -0.026406047865748405, -0.053576067090034485, -0.03946373239159584, 0.001241561840288341, -0.0036301882937550545, -0.02831145003437996, 0.003376828972250223, 0.030500581488013268, 0.011433540843427181, 0.05178196355700493, 0.050573721528053284, 0.0020363309886306524, -0.004724077880382538, 0.00925335381180048, -0.021541142836213112, 0.037731729447841644, 0.012171206995844841, -0.005628778133541346, 0.0029898961074650288, 0.0366542711853981, -0.02309519052505493, 0.04917722940444946, -0.015124144032597542, 0.03300033137202263, -0.08580935001373291, -0.036736637353897095, -0.01101139560341835, 0.03596414625644684, 0.012132590636610985, -0.05177048221230507, -0.02546139806509018, 0.04896874725818634, -0.03830903768539429, 0.03982142359018326, -0.011708036996424198, 0.016639554873108864, -0.0428534634411335, 0.01972581073641777, -0.02073613926768303, 0.004134315066039562, 0.029100539162755013, 0.0129000348970294, 0.03963322564959526, 0.010653579607605934, 0.01660376787185669, -0.06061609834432602, -0.03348648175597191, 0.0009717692737467587, 0.020417645573616028, -0.09415631741285324, 0.030687663704156876, -0.006137875374406576, -0.05610605329275131, 0.030336633324623108, -0.03732884302735329, 0.03878670930862427, 0.01904957927763462, 0.010982858017086983, 0.03584981709718704, 0.042203519493341446, 0.019854871556162834, 0.00003999050022684969, 0.02500239759683609, -0.01680416241288185, 0.023444052785634995, 0.004700463730841875, -0.048321738839149475, 0.020232295617461205, 0.0025728591717779636, 0.023519013077020645, -0.03370705246925354, 0.027075307443737984, -0.008287744596600533, -0.022845396772027016, -0.010035843588411808, -0.003252292750403285, -0.005171473603695631, -0.05324811860918999, -0.04316430911421776, -0.00590004026889801, 0.005890490021556616, 0.04672684147953987, 0.016688449308276176, -0.044116657227277756, 0.037238866090774536, -0.018088508397340775, -0.029154205694794655, -0.0002188396902056411, 0.0016138979699462652, -0.0010239023249596357, -0.052952840924263, 0.006221961695700884, -0.0025173432659357786, -0.019981924444437027, 0.0013954811729490757, 0.02432255633175373, -0.03053979203104973, 0.011111455969512463, -0.014183741994202137, -0.008706881664693356, 0.0019051809795200825, 0.015985647216439247, 0.021603496745228767, -0.08377207815647125, 0.05744118615984917, 0.002782735275104642, -0.01578187383711338, -0.08117532730102539, -0.013332377187907696, -0.013624710962176323, 0.06064147874712944, 0.04101524129509926, 0.02804635278880596, 0.0013400311581790447, -0.02814219705760479, 0.03881954029202461, -0.0016559712821617723, -0.05119950696825981, 0.04402850940823555, 0.015079759061336517, 0.013901815749704838, 0.0073660085909068584, -0.019177358597517014, 0.006330881267786026, 0.04891446977853775, 0.00976395420730114, -0.014072326943278313, 0.05113854259252548, -0.0028975950554013252, -0.037121620029211044, -0.005254901945590973, 0.015100637450814247, 0.008655427955091, 0.03382615000009537, -0.04404077306389809, 0.0365898497402668, 0.00455056969076395, 0.0063299378380179405, -0.037647515535354614, 0.0026145116426050663, -0.06351114064455032, -0.016758503392338753, 0.031344491988420486, 0.002568295458331704, -0.01439149584621191, -0.07624286413192749, 0.021858127787709236, 0.019390426576137543, -0.012373553588986397, -0.02261771820485592, 0.018836239352822304, 0.02207900770008564, 0.008871854282915592, -0.004906445275992155, 0.03067227266728878, 0.012679040431976318, 0.0020300564356148243, -0.001417279476299882, 0.03511517867445946, 0.012656813487410545, -0.019803792238235474, 0.004678053315728903, 0.03332173824310303, -0.02732715755701065, -0.002825769130140543, -0.00920693576335907, 0.08783451467752457, 0.004958669655025005, 0.017984949052333832, 0.02388729713857174, -0.006081021390855312, 0.013653414323925972, -0.01963689923286438, -0.004767876584082842, 0.027704913169145584, -0.07614653557538986, 0.04245295375585556, -0.028904952108860016, -0.034934334456920624, -0.005391289480030537, 0.0073359664529562, 0.02460864931344986, 0.00550178112462163, -0.005429108627140522, 0.02784734033048153, -0.0014562023570761085, -0.05190063267946243, -0.01116965152323246, -0.020818056538701057, 0.004727974534034729, -0.02235901542007923, -0.02668798342347145, -0.001160407904535532, -0.014250137843191624, -0.013450498692691326, -0.050904303789138794, -0.01626693271100521, 0.025010934099555016, 0.029527239501476288, -0.06928607076406479, -0.01596394181251526, 0.0149501021951437, 0.05124557018280029, -0.04490213096141815, -0.018211031332612038, -0.026269471272826195, 0.03784513846039772, -0.0008588999044150114, -0.010185259394347668 ]
<p>I am new to machine learning and can't get my head around this problem. I have two patient datasets, the first ($D_1$) contains $Y,Z,X$ that convey blood-sample information and the second ($D_2$) contains $W,T,X$ that convey x-ray information. In both datasets, $X$ is the common diagnostic output. </p> <p>Since there are two distinct datasets, I modelled a solution with two Naive Bayes models as below, where $X$ is the common dependent variable. ( I am aware I can use other techniques than Naive Bayes but that is not the aim of my question.)</p> <ul> <li>$P(X|Y,Z,D_1) \propto P(Y|X,D_1) \cdot P(Z|X,D_1) \cdot P(X,D_1)$ </li> <li>$P(X|W,T,D_2) \propto P(W|X,D_2) \cdot P(T|X,D_2) \cdot P(X,D_2)$ </li> </ul> <p>I want to combine the posterior probabilities of X in these models: $P(X|Y,Z)$ and $P(X|W,T)$ to determine an overall outcome probability $P(X|Y,Z,W,T)$ (diagnostic outcome) of a new patient. </p> <p><strong>How can I combine these probabilities?</strong> </p> <p>Can it be done as below?</p> <p>$P(X|Y,Z,W,T) \propto \frac{P(X|Y,Z) * P(X|W,T)}{P(X,D_{combined})}$ </p> <p>If so, what is the relationship between the priors $P(X,D_1)$, $P(X,D_2)$ and $P(X,D_{combined})$?</p>
74,111
[ -0.006691833026707172, -0.04896754398941994, 0.005015643313527107, -0.026738328859210014, 0.02950437366962433, 0.03704576939344406, -0.006808529607951641, -0.009613956324756145, 0.03936626389622688, -0.021792858839035034, 0.07163989543914795, 0.051765214651823044, 0.09937924146652222, 0.012400470674037933, 0.03187089413404465, 0.026947209611535072, -0.004167820326983929, -0.020194455981254578, -0.008039859123528004, -0.044547490775585175, 0.017909660935401917, -0.002383889863267541, 0.030630486086010933, 0.005530224647372961, -0.01937788911163807, 0.04376405104994774, 0.010817212983965874, -0.035561300814151764, 0.0246500913053751, 0.05668869987130165, -0.02898024581372738, -0.020842187106609344, 0.0034331080969423056, 0.06291854381561279, -0.00689911562949419, -0.03034292720258236, -0.02953006699681282, -0.019068527966737747, -0.0034848160576075315, 0.03386368975043297, -0.01873673126101494, -0.02528604120016098, -0.02560480684041977, 0.04279297962784767, -0.02829050086438656, 0.015187207609415054, -0.014401232823729515, -0.027723506093025208, -0.0006467248313128948, -0.02823743037879467, 0.05304422229528427, -0.008960779756307602, 0.07319343835115433, 0.04489443823695183, -0.03955984115600586, -0.012420354411005974, 0.024940920993685722, 0.10732074826955795, 0.036076657474040985, -0.030504487454891205, -0.034750647842884064, -0.018157431855797768, 0.00832321960479021, 0.009410884231328964, -0.04109376668930054, 0.009129374288022518, 0.005616351496428251, -0.033820945769548416, 0.0025250548496842384, -0.011688836850225925, 0.03135804086923599, 0.030877478420734406, 0.04082619771361351, -0.03729237616062164, 0.0155035937204957, 0.01562700793147087, -0.013816744089126587, 0.03990233317017555, 0.01594233699142933, 0.0017463520634919405, -0.018793664872646332, -0.020991384983062744, 0.02872694656252861, 0.06474804878234863, -0.018890801817178726, -0.025938281789422035, 0.0702911987900734, -0.005969263147562742, 0.014513473026454449, -0.0038119633682072163, -0.021702120080590248, 0.010262926109135151, 0.04688456282019615, -0.006142342928797007, -0.025841498747467995, 0.0261911042034626, -0.020266233012080193, 0.06647080928087234, -0.006957632955163717, -0.013146623969078064, 0.01016352977603674, -0.02529243379831314, -0.0196684617549181, 0.05733232572674751, -0.045462824404239655, -0.05013347044587135, 0.005396863911300898, -0.015100179240107536, -0.05501518025994301, -0.019080983474850655, -0.021969929337501526, 0.04727128893136978, 0.014378685504198074, -0.004796132445335388, -0.022766193374991417, -0.02153444103896618, 0.00285745388828218, -0.04371783882379532, 0.0650368183851242, 0.078227199614048, 0.042789991945028305, -0.04115954041481018, 0.010253304615616798, -0.020358100533485413, -0.05684484541416168, -0.029634535312652588, -0.001976979896426201, -0.03179127350449562, -0.005096494685858488, 0.061670031398534775, -0.0103536332026124, -0.02256856858730316, 0.05208452045917511, 0.017191726714372635, 0.012533464469015598, -0.010687322355806828, -0.033549342304468155, -0.016913138329982758, 0.00033567912760190666, -0.029495883733034134, -0.005647965241223574, -0.04318077489733696, -0.0008955883677117527, 0.05428009480237961, 0.0618131197988987, -0.009004179388284683, 0.038303621113300323, 0.026887506246566772, 0.030594035983085632, 0.014857220463454723, -0.04372784122824669, -0.010514548048377037, -0.0333343930542469, 0.0339350588619709, -0.026313085108995438, -0.06835175305604935, 0.015208077616989613, -0.0024675072636455297, -0.008961248211562634, -0.00015634384180884808, 0.0403389148414135, -0.016508353874087334, 0.011359755881130695, -0.015936080366373062, 0.00468393275514245, -0.027352266013622284, 0.0612623505294323, 0.011355435475707054, 0.05713144689798355, 0.0603216253221035, 0.011159596033394337, 0.014327524229884148, 0.022218428552150726, 0.03723137825727463, 0.005494285374879837, 0.00584412319585681, -0.03567686304450035, -0.005013191606849432, -0.0018894714303314686, 0.004306926857680082, 0.01498380582779646, -0.054314401000738144, -0.06407889723777771, -0.018190592527389526, 0.016376111656427383, 0.021380510181188583, 0.018788158893585205, -0.03550975024700165, -0.011240909807384014, -0.022814497351646423, -0.007580713834613562, -0.07913143187761307, 0.003420324996113777, -0.03410755470395088, -0.029677515849471092, 0.012815326452255249, -0.008019593544304371, 0.003403185633942485, -0.0031957572791725397, -0.032005105167627335, -0.03991752117872238, -0.004675503820180893, 0.029979169368743896, -0.002942271763458848, -0.021663980558514595, 0.04924624040722847, 0.06903573870658875, -0.012714927084743977, 0.0066354041919112206, -0.016932323575019836, -0.043644919991493225, 0.02021816559135914, -0.02176535129547119, -0.02214801497757435, -0.012400813400745392, -0.03230041638016701, 0.00048001768300309777, -0.012113341130316257, -0.014173414558172226, -0.014801393263041973, -0.05323028191924095, 0.07814402133226395, 0.08576086908578873, -0.013855759054422379, -0.0002607062051538378, 0.001990669406950474, 0.0009451818186789751, 0.052407752722501755, -0.001498351339250803, -0.01600029692053795, -0.03090742416679859, 0.0090962965041399, 0.02957669459283352, 0.031266044825315475, -0.03506399691104889, 0.039944157004356384, -0.0077515835873782635, -0.0040137008763849735, 0.014417387545108795, 0.04782654345035553, 0.0007368409424088895, -0.025611840188503265, 0.005174647085368633, 0.015147490426898003, -0.012994104065001011, -0.02232125587761402, -0.00758132291957736, -0.004552757367491722, 0.032240141183137894, -0.03015279397368431, -0.02023051492869854, 0.027124395594000816, -0.021016160026192665, 0.017366237938404083, -0.02542681246995926, -0.04186625778675079, 0.01840178109705448, 0.001962407724931836, -0.0009218465420417488, 0.04681087285280228, 0.012360254302620888, -0.011668876744806767, 0.02638876996934414, -0.005374792963266373, 0.004964776337146759, 0.024642596021294594, -0.04219170659780502, 0.034417007118463516, 0.026640085503458977, -0.035956934094429016, 0.020416108891367912, 0.01890954189002514, -0.035462066531181335, -0.023355603218078613, 0.0444028377532959, 0.014939605258405209, 0.002974603557959199, 0.01636497490108013, -0.04630596190690994, -0.05949746444821358, 0.012601102702319622, -0.01763259619474411, -0.010330253280699253, 0.02486279234290123, -0.05217384919524193, 0.008587365970015526, -0.04383886978030205, -0.012343340553343296, 0.02100549452006817, -0.0033326672855764627, -0.036996133625507355, -0.01645042933523655, -0.01854098215699196, -0.07150555402040482, -0.050208479166030884, -0.036316584795713425, 0.03918258845806122, -0.004311095457524061, 0.012198874726891518, 0.045136433094739914, 0.019456440582871437, -0.05059904232621193, -0.0033884888980537653, -0.002621551975607872, 0.0029612393118441105, -0.005165790673345327, -0.0006219229544512928, 0.01091986708343029, 0.007940775714814663, 0.01930452510714531, 0.05074373260140419, -0.0375225767493248, -0.0014950067270547152, -0.09577557444572449, -0.034774236381053925, 0.04583565890789032, -0.0003625954268500209, 0.020944271236658096, 0.005153872538357973, -0.0004818306479137391, 0.04212096333503723, 0.0073556192219257355, -0.03455515205860138, -0.008858885616064072, 0.02699958346784115, -0.025545919314026833, -0.013785517774522305, -0.014711069874465466, 0.023701844736933708, -0.01893736980855465, 0.046388477087020874, 0.0025458901654928923, 0.006196603644639254, 0.046556293964385986, 0.03205963969230652, -0.0023519163951277733, 0.04238605871796608, 0.029118884354829788, -0.00846128724515438, 0.0347081758081913, 0.040736738592386246, -0.015078818425536156, 0.008155999705195427, -0.01183935347944498, 0.016523735597729683, 0.0057030064053833485, -0.03643844276666641, 0.006296009756624699, 0.02072322554886341, 0.006302439142018557, -0.030357111245393753, 0.05055173859000206, 0.02725457400083542, -0.049860771745443344, -0.015382186509668827, 0.024077773094177246, 0.04602900147438049, -0.02591060847043991, 0.013504392467439175, 0.06928008794784546, 0.029857506975531578, -0.028178760781884193, -0.02341018244624138, -0.025646744295954704, -0.005287291016429663, 0.02888004668056965, -0.020694522187113762, 0.024358540773391724, 0.042093195021152496, 0.037669867277145386, 0.002133023925125599, 0.0033713593147695065, -0.03028387576341629, 0.0158781036734581, -0.0904885083436966, -0.00043500098399817944, -0.009228174574673176, 0.05207419395446777, 0.02386729046702385, 0.062312670052051544, 0.03748495504260063, 0.00032630341593176126, 0.021346330642700195, 0.003421556204557419, -0.05228423327207565, 0.02592315897345543, 0.038598060607910156, 0.011262296698987484, -0.0006462201126851141, -0.04869016632437706, 0.028038453310728073, -0.060236796736717224, -0.028482159599661827, -0.0006613193545490503, -0.0013848867965862155, -0.045694224536418915, 0.014221652410924435, -0.034543540328741074, -0.0022868213709443808, 0.02905459888279438, 0.03065544366836548, 0.01424766518175602, 0.0006740869139321148, 0.02023242972791195, 0.02711598016321659, 0.006942138075828552, 0.008502278476953506, -0.013463127426803112, 0.031089434400200844, 0.04335401579737663, 0.030663231387734413, 0.020398635417222977, 0.036354899406433105, -0.029058411717414856, -0.009034638293087482, 0.01980297826230526, 0.048131927847862244, 0.05545077472925186, -0.04106433317065239, 0.006338474806398153, -0.03501586988568306, -0.00403851130977273, -0.010400683619081974, 0.039098192006349564, 0.00047016030293889344, -0.011761914007365704, 0.03473364934325218, 0.011286166496574879, -0.06103713810443878, 0.019292183220386505, 0.04742492735385895, -0.014104796573519707, -0.016243936493992805, 0.0022237407974898815, 0.012442686595022678, -0.020742107182741165, -0.026903722435235977, 0.05803655460476875, 0.008622796274721622, -0.003075297689065337, -0.04848245158791542, 0.006974066141992807, -0.010495562106370926, -0.02910369634628296, -0.0014726025983691216, -0.0012545220088213682, 0.02223425917327404, 0.06891414523124695, -0.034406401216983795, 0.01786043494939804, 0.027036936953663826, 0.015997780486941338, 0.03776361048221588, 0.005767339374870062, -0.10558083653450012, -0.0025379317812621593, 0.019855786114931107, 0.06115863844752312, -0.010312646627426147, -0.027813753113150597, -0.06638219207525253, 0.010902950540184975, 0.038066696375608444, 0.015499509871006012, -0.009461157955229282, 0.01629803143441677, -0.019728481769561768, 0.01242805551737547, -0.035176053643226624, -0.07368026673793793, 0.004597993101924658, -0.029534976929426193, 0.011554742231965065, -0.008874652907252312, -0.018867935985326767, -0.029359420761466026, -0.007217638194561005, 0.01207974087446928, 0.032960157841444016, -0.030104784294962883, -0.046207208186388016, -0.005551373586058617, 0.029832949861884117, -0.0026975898072123528, -0.07970868796110153, 0.01656770519912243, -0.010173802264034748, -0.012126673012971878, 0.05320727825164795, -0.03333815932273865, -0.023897476494312286, 0.055717334151268005, 0.007874587550759315, -0.005659113172441721, 0.03317350149154663, 0.010309414006769657, 0.06110679358243942, 0.046663861721754074, 0.02863091602921486, 0.056425679475069046, -0.016797717660665512, 0.011194175109267235, -0.01654498465359211, -0.025560252368450165, 0.013356138952076435, -0.020854467526078224, 0.027072520926594734, -0.06936584413051605, 0.0007517714402638376, -0.01703486405313015, 0.04154711589217186, 0.004083047620952129, 0.007339352276176214, -0.020401356741786003, -0.031715475022792816, 0.024880090728402138, 0.00029499188531190157, 0.012319575063884258, -0.02077171579003334, -0.03647356107831001, -0.0019217957742512226, -0.008785023353993893, 0.017305927351117134, 0.01625041663646698, -0.01952924206852913, -0.021228814497590065, -0.020903507247567177, -0.05434570461511612, 0.04517127200961113, -0.007395073771476746, 0.004254388157278299, 0.035249434411525726, -0.002369076246395707, 0.002569163916632533, 0.036459796130657196, 0.0563957542181015, 0.0012413018848747015, 0.010427020490169525, -0.028700998052954674, 0.01046732533723116, 0.03983239084482193, 0.021083606407046318, -0.018996935337781906, 0.025401582941412926, -0.004802069626748562, -0.02198062092065811, -0.04887675493955612, -0.040878668427467346, 0.010703415609896183, 0.003494890173897147, -0.03800205513834953, -0.04704177752137184, 0.0487489253282547, -0.02168022282421589, -0.035792071372270584, -0.02449340745806694, 0.0479140505194664, -0.02005627378821373, -0.017174428328871727, -0.009110960178077221, 0.027103332802653313, 0.05326537415385246, 0.00467004394158721, 0.015133408829569817, 0.015453362837433815, -0.038554929196834564, -0.005098079331219196, 0.003038451075553894, -0.01545899547636509, -0.02576434426009655, -0.03323634713888168, -0.03515613079071045, 0.018279490992426872, 0.06202411651611328, -0.03777952864766121, -0.005994803737848997, 0.00746576813980937, 0.008779194205999374, 0.005615900736302137, 0.006978328339755535, -0.016814235597848892, -0.007521809544414282, 0.01462623756378889, -0.02556266449391842, 0.02275311015546322, 0.02300829067826271, -0.009734507650136948, 0.01939833164215088, 0.012269651517271996, -0.011507362127304077, 0.015609530732035637, 0.02408876083791256, -0.002207914600148797, 0.030233319848775864, -0.04325646907091141, -0.010176177136600018, 0.04323994368314743, -0.002780198585242033, -0.005234152544289827, 0.04388578236103058, -0.005219067446887493, -0.04848138615489006, 0.008138088509440422, -0.04605725035071373, 0.029235703870654106, 0.0611506886780262, -0.00466777291148901, 0.07692062109708786, 0.029488584026694298, 0.012187754735350609, -0.000056958990171551704, -0.022383375093340874, -0.03369739651679993, -0.007774068042635918, -0.009841459803283215, 0.05792864039540291, 0.00430311169475317, -0.03568234294652939, 0.04000023379921913, -0.0005834201001562178, 0.0267464742064476, -0.014531552791595459, 0.017663219943642616, -0.010877559892833233, 0.00793966744095087, -0.013121729716658592, -0.03802310675382614, 0.03233407065272331, -0.03908976912498474, -0.020203256979584694, -0.023330582305788994, -0.034219320863485336, 0.02721381187438965, 0.05198398604989052, -0.0075134290382266045, -0.07342344522476196, -0.03951098397374153, -0.07318330556154251, -0.002520377514883876, 0.022578397765755653, 0.015618055127561092, 0.034944213926792145, 0.0004977572243660688, 0.020328471437096596, -0.0011082962155342102, 0.02478325366973877, -0.036750420928001404, -0.06284207105636597, -0.037678975611925125, -0.03408573567867279, -0.028243478387594223, 0.0010887484531849623, 0.011550302617251873, -0.017396649345755577, 0.030299007892608643, -0.04528921842575073, 0.06997182220220566, -0.002586884656921029, 0.04354962706565857, -0.009947597980499268, 0.043649040162563324, -0.016335735097527504, 0.06193893402814865, -0.004571114666759968, -0.006490911822766066, 0.10662012547254562, 0.06677808612585068, 0.06667353957891464, -0.04616747424006462, 0.0162663534283638, 0.0018793661147356033, -0.0018248165724799037, -0.032202016562223434, 0.062204960733652115, 0.03611607849597931, -0.04420279711484909, 0.024461112916469574, 0.025355665013194084, 0.03293534740805626, -0.027010146528482437, 0.07346820086240768, -0.049197252839803696, -0.010335199534893036, 0.022735832259058952, 0.013179650530219078, -0.02152053825557232, -0.02927238680422306, -0.02698080986738205, 0.001879885676316917, -0.006568312644958496, -0.024403901770710945, -0.0033316854387521744, -0.02156861685216427, -0.0058923023752868176, -0.010160204023122787, -0.0023418383207172155, -0.004145408980548382, 0.0023156022652983665, 0.015349614433944225, 0.029328545555472374, -0.009229396469891071, 0.027242785319685936, -0.016940249130129814, -0.004410829860717058, -0.008596311323344707, 0.009219514206051826, 0.001661133486777544, -0.01640482433140278, 0.04480142891407013, -0.027021897956728935, -0.02107059396803379, -0.00372916623018682, 0.056704241782426834, -0.012090316973626614, -0.011561798863112926, -0.021935727447271347, -0.02606778033077717, 0.0012922376627102494, -0.034802887588739395, -0.014112262055277824, 0.01891515590250492, 0.022554101422429085, 0.009244724176824093, 0.0021578853484243155, -0.016903813928365707, 0.055984895676374435, -0.012460047379136086, 0.0465971939265728, 0.016721412539482117, -0.028215674683451653, -0.024165349081158638, -0.0003165100351907313, 0.04581962525844574, 0.02776668779551983, 0.007389519363641739, -0.0071468660607934, -0.00848990399390459, -0.0010752166854217649, -0.031260743737220764, 0.03262583538889885, -0.0349535308778286, -0.0046395366080105305, -0.0019952193833887577, -0.010224982164800167, -0.015483932569622993, -0.041521523147821426, 0.012271745130419731, -0.038974907249212265, 0.0045560491271317005, -0.04066900908946991, 0.013803472742438316, -0.0029059788212180138, 0.06329917907714844, -0.012724905274808407, 0.003001278266310692, -0.015823587775230408, 0.05673620104789734, 0.003803652012720704, -0.05167577043175697, -0.046697426587343216, -0.0028009198140352964, -0.014230507425963879, -0.0000931626491365023, -0.010561947710812092, 0.0781620442867279, 0.0012093058321624994, 0.07979440689086914, -0.005678360816091299, 0.02894464321434498, 0.012481193989515305, 0.027932995930314064, -0.04356919974088669, -0.06202767789363861, 0.001721521490253508, 0.010899247601628304, -0.0058531672693789005, -0.025791805237531662, 0.010049281641840935, -0.00711487652733922, -0.026982365176081657, 0.0062319450080394745, -0.038701750338077545, -0.027761515229940414, -0.018694838508963585, 0.00871946755796671, 0.004988743457943201, 0.008459427393972874, 0.02314554899930954, 0.005295934155583382, 0.014780279248952866, -0.015359033830463886, -0.03249121457338333, -0.000025848235964076594, 0.02622467279434204, -0.017916038632392883, -0.017203113064169884, 0.003962226677685976, -0.0012566546211019158, -0.03208117187023163, -0.004874632228165865, 0.023413730785250664, 0.033745504915714264, 0.034499552100896835, -0.036877721548080444, -0.021240975707769394, 0.027005422860383987, -0.049018602818250656, 0.011227050796151161, 0.02754414826631546, 0.027659539133310318, 0.038806281983852386, 0.017551477998495102, -0.004942212253808975, -0.015011276118457317, 0.029816515743732452, -0.03448733314871788, -0.04173031821846962, 0.0006959658931009471, 0.005736998748034239, -0.014953301288187504, -0.005087947938591242, 0.03151635080575943, 0.040206775069236755, -0.01661428064107895, 0.016912708058953285, 0.027551813051104546, -0.010107449255883694, -0.001167185022495687, 0.013045384548604488, -0.003183661960065365, 0.04551581293344498, -0.013866539113223553, 0.0070605105720460415, 0.06667143106460571, 0.04724478721618652, 0.003810511203482747, 0.03224632143974304, 0.002121587283909321, 0.00938210729509592, -0.09413329511880875, 0.0065241348929703236, 0.023788468912243843, -0.006719281896948814, 0.033358410000801086, -0.02557339332997799, 0.019185934215784073, 0.02339087799191475, -0.028088979423046112, -0.00961320474743843, 0.03595645725727081, 0.008538375608623028, -0.0478571280837059, 0.03972402587532997, -0.01287570409476757, 0.032442204654216766, 0.0037924160715192556, 0.044733595103025436, 0.05535222217440605, 0.028052406385540962, 0.02291763573884964, -0.008944449946284294, -0.06003222614526749, 0.0063837990164756775, -0.004367440473288298, -0.06458362191915512, 0.04861864820122719, -0.046527471393346786, -0.0438561886548996, -0.0036259025800973177, 0.0518215075135231, 0.008497507311403751, 0.033154137432575226, 0.02628711797297001, 0.004929497838020325, 0.021510975435376167, -0.010454099625349045, -0.006275700405240059, -0.010802734643220901, 0.0032691347878426313, 0.024433795362710953, -0.010200303979218006, -0.03336389362812042, 0.014832676388323307, 0.03507641702890396, -0.02926943078637123, -0.022513996809720993, 0.036869585514068604, -0.015275484882295132, -0.03234751150012016, 0.01798347570002079, 0.006318294908851385, 0.0025049198884516954, -0.03502340987324715, 0.005465466529130936, -0.07186052203178406, 0.008273961022496223, 0.054175082594156265, 0.017889291048049927, 0.0028067813254892826, 0.009561246261000633, -0.008225123398005962, -0.051474131643772125, 0.0022283613216131926, -0.00869367178529501, 0.001384981325827539, 0.012442396022379398, 0.002343874890357256, 0.020697440952062607, -0.015472744591534138, 0.0076550026424229145, -0.01997976377606392, -0.060432158410549164, 0.02199031226336956, -0.06375541538000107, 0.034755490720272064, 0.02436533197760582, 0.02783258631825447, 0.002973690629005432, -0.05718020722270012, 0.03046572022140026, -0.011363589204847813, -0.04014264792203903, -0.04548861086368561, -0.01095836702734232, -0.049555692821741104, 0.015905071049928665, 0.023883750662207603, 0.031953029334545135, 0.013906149193644524, -0.015575019642710686, 0.031028317287564278, 0.005823357962071896, -0.04803895950317383, 0.023693779483437538, -0.05287643522024155, -0.009129026904702187, -0.002128711435943842, 0.020107686519622803, 0.05865643918514252, 0.01980474963784218, 0.022875869646668434, -0.06443358212709427, -0.012979335151612759, 0.009260659106075764, 0.014628613367676735, -0.0065465946681797504, -0.030946677550673485, -0.024746745824813843, 0.05264829471707344, -0.01569139026105404, 0.013166196644306183, 0.0001412296696798876, 0.004120437428355217, -0.03999541327357292, 0.03496260941028595, -0.027346162125468254, -0.05043170228600502, 0.023435862734913826, -0.015177160501480103, -0.014181301929056644, -0.08210083097219467, -0.022522184997797012, 0.003434976330026984, -0.05435808002948761, 0.014590666629374027, 0.0679270327091217, 0.027363400906324387, 0.04262137413024902, -0.011694058775901794, -0.0007311002118512988, -0.022511480376124382, -0.030129287391901016, -0.016506226733326912, -0.023114681243896484, 0.041972484439611435, 0.017926031723618507, 0.018592767417430878, 0.037815216928720474, -0.004416440613567829, -0.001996635692194104, -0.011297786608338356, 0.030039314180612564, 0.0039200191386044025, -0.004057429265230894, -0.013838362880051136, 0.009269696660339832, 0.008060859516263008, -0.03818899020552635, 0.032449204474687576, 0.05581793561577797, -0.055840082466602325, -0.01582249067723751, -0.05130116268992424, -0.009912215173244476, -0.013889056630432606, 0.04086122289299965, 0.027305850759148598, 0.030389096587896347, -0.0026637662667781115, -0.017789242789149284, -0.003427591873332858, -0.04008091613650322, 0.014282134361565113, -0.03700891509652138, -0.005084484815597534, -0.029001638293266296, -0.05348821356892586, 0.02480509877204895, -0.01766926236450672, 0.0005159334396012127, -0.039670687168836594, -0.024042459204792976, 0.04321669042110443, 0.029653888195753098, -0.0490630567073822, -0.031454239040613174, -0.0182997714728117, 0.0006758125964552164, -0.05908193811774254, -0.002712247194722295, -0.022832712158560753, 0.008039608597755432, 0.03894459456205368, -0.02208586409687996 ]
<p>I'm trying to figure out the practical meaning of less degrees of freedom regarding the results of t-test results. For example: If I have two dependent samples and would like to compare their means using a t-test. If I use both tests for dependent and independent samples I will have more degrees of freedom in the dependent test (i.e. for unknown mean and variance independent sample will have <em>n-2</em> df, and the dependent <em>n-1</em>).</p> <p>Assuming that my basic knowledge is valid and the description above is correct, what will be the impact of using each test with less or more <em>df</em> on the results (p-values, probability to receive false positive/negative)?</p> <p>Does any of this make sense?</p>
74,112
[ -0.0017501889960840344, -0.008951528929173946, 0.00028123348602093756, 0.009744632057845592, 0.04993520304560661, 0.035857900977134705, 0.007728027645498514, 0.0014907543081790209, 0.017108965665102005, -0.03935293108224869, 0.018544429913163185, 0.031612228602170944, 0.01944984495639801, -0.015270685777068138, 0.03284145146608353, 0.011805946938693523, -0.046863894909620285, 0.01478599477559328, 0.01379111222922802, -0.037628114223480225, -0.0011722249910235405, 0.030604517087340355, 0.037477195262908936, 0.018744012340903282, -0.052225034683942795, 0.05388907343149185, 0.020059840753674507, -0.029849432408809662, 0.018581634387373924, 0.03939526528120041, -0.033393848687410355, -0.042051058262586594, -0.005941270384937525, 0.05254786089062691, 0.011270496062934399, -0.044163431972265244, -0.02455023303627968, 0.0057181851007044315, -0.00527120940387249, 0.040355172008275986, -0.05989905819296837, -0.01324367057532072, -0.029650840908288956, 0.022184107452630997, -0.023711739107966423, 0.023064695298671722, 0.015035475604236126, -0.025410357862710953, 0.01835986226797104, -0.03770977631211281, 0.07746097445487976, -0.013003181666135788, 0.039140839129686356, 0.03981328755617142, 0.00156731519382447, 0.0028192854952067137, 0.0536394938826561, 0.05313728004693985, -0.026911480352282524, -0.037968844175338745, -0.027507301419973373, -0.0615597702562809, 0.028041625395417213, -0.030357234179973602, -0.05002694949507713, 0.027492359280586243, -0.0005533300573006272, 0.004601510241627693, 0.025255974382162094, -0.014256319031119347, 0.04145316034555435, 0.034478750079870224, 0.02908301167190075, -0.01329599879682064, -0.005816823337227106, -0.027765363454818726, 0.0397687666118145, 0.008871574886143208, 0.05387387424707413, 0.04398604482412338, 0.024429118260741234, 0.01178724691271782, 0.03150685504078865, 0.05505993217229843, 0.04588699713349342, -0.04365308955311775, 0.06182354316115379, -0.005503137595951557, 0.016892433166503906, 0.014729523099958897, -0.00517673883587122, -0.0026261042803525925, 0.07974287122488022, -0.0025823938194662333, -0.060867540538311005, -0.0023574994411319494, -0.03857856243848801, 0.02080591581761837, -0.023815108463168144, 0.01641000248491764, -0.035407330840826035, -0.039180416613817215, 0.04178205505013466, 0.0552835687994957, -0.012178929522633553, -0.024580184370279312, -0.019534043967723846, 0.00004508763595367782, 0.003699488239362836, -0.012775718234479427, 0.03547852113842964, 0.01187489926815033, -0.008451047353446484, -0.031217550858855247, 0.018772589042782784, -0.012121115811169147, -0.019338078796863556, -0.007953247055411339, 0.0570802316069603, 0.07787815481424332, 0.06453510373830795, -0.0434604175388813, 0.0036953904200345278, -0.0120535371825099, -0.04279456287622452, 0.028926141560077667, 0.023435154929757118, -0.02017953246831894, -0.011614744551479816, 0.04717644676566124, -0.019391443580389023, -0.016049114987254143, 0.005808013491332531, 0.011712202802300453, 0.0026668973732739687, 0.007998142391443253, -0.08670738339424133, -0.04967933148145676, 0.06477963179349899, -0.02902900241315365, -0.013047506101429462, -0.05759887769818306, 0.0011091419728472829, 0.016618970781564713, 0.05049736052751541, -0.01851709559559822, 0.04303183779120445, -0.02500145509839058, 0.030744027346372604, 0.028503652662038803, -0.024342752993106842, -0.0008540647104382515, -0.04746176674962044, -0.030210569500923157, -0.018134554848074913, -0.07006550580263138, 0.03619645908474922, 0.019381970167160034, -0.012976644560694695, -0.0039015039801597595, 0.05065545812249184, -0.004097600467503071, -0.01997275836765766, -0.016364607959985733, 0.012212328612804413, -0.009481142275035381, 0.07835714519023895, -0.015388362109661102, 0.033756744116544724, -0.0019046374363824725, -0.01980767957866192, 0.021199235692620277, 0.02982908859848976, 0.060492970049381256, -0.0009547789813950658, -0.016880398616194725, -0.02548673190176487, -0.03300192207098007, 0.04683460295200348, -0.012532185763120651, -0.03430015221238136, 0.004078085534274578, -0.020645083859562874, -0.001383249880746007, 0.017900027334690094, 0.029089462012052536, -0.0002987858315464109, -0.02184022217988968, 0.03548533096909523, -0.030179480090737343, -0.04873311147093773, -0.07284197956323624, -0.0062753851525485516, -0.008488512597978115, -0.052152469754219055, 0.032559480518102646, 0.007616808172315359, 0.07201260328292847, -0.010859383270144463, -0.0049387989565730095, -0.009012582711875439, -0.016727011650800705, 0.017801357433199883, -0.04137490317225456, 0.03905162215232849, 0.04795374348759651, 0.03909911960363388, 0.00884633045643568, 0.034327320754528046, -0.045762140303850174, -0.04196953773498535, 0.03714354708790779, -0.051640696823596954, 0.014957056380808353, 0.02870231494307518, -0.054313305765390396, -0.03395252674818039, -0.010222453624010086, -0.04285409674048424, 0.0446629673242569, -0.06616124510765076, 0.10060714185237885, 0.051914285868406296, 0.023839710280299187, -0.007003589998930693, -0.00045462194248102605, 0.033834781497716904, -0.022219548001885414, -0.06327962130308151, 0.021168069913983345, -0.07559780776500702, -0.011214476078748703, 0.04789175093173981, 0.02205367013812065, -0.04023463651537895, 0.009711232967674732, 0.055113982409238815, -0.008912293240427971, 0.0024299221113324165, 0.05366034433245659, 0.01137152872979641, -0.043841928243637085, -0.0013153390027582645, 0.03705926239490509, 0.02670285850763321, 0.00484009413048625, 0.031584613025188446, 0.006360434927046299, 0.035797398537397385, 0.030033765360713005, -0.0428960882127285, 0.04536602646112442, -0.01513640396296978, -0.006047868635505438, 0.0036432072520256042, -0.01004304364323616, 0.019734367728233337, -0.02322079800069332, -0.009634873829782009, 0.030104679986834526, 0.00587910832837224, 0.01149309054017067, 0.0026998408138751984, 0.001621781848371029, 0.043977659195661545, 0.005843804217875004, -0.01790858618915081, -0.002086852677166462, 0.010165388695895672, -0.03447471186518669, -0.027940304949879646, 0.0009209791314788163, -0.04455219581723213, -0.02527162805199623, 0.0017078447854146361, 0.007437118794769049, -0.01819520816206932, 0.046862151473760605, -0.022438213229179382, -0.002389004686847329, -0.027314500883221626, -0.024238677695393562, -0.0004767542704939842, -0.019298404455184937, -0.06837216019630432, -0.014027120545506477, -0.030012933537364006, 0.0009016868425533175, 0.047146253287792206, -0.0352683961391449, 0.015596680343151093, -0.005229901988059282, 0.002942013321444392, -0.07062308490276337, -0.038164172321558, 0.004429275635629892, -0.007067972794175148, -0.029047075659036636, -0.04460342228412628, 0.05546516180038452, -0.009985430166125298, -0.008788049221038818, 0.02542399987578392, -0.05114661902189255, -0.023450233042240143, -0.015007516369223595, 0.030976654961705208, 0.030317069962620735, -0.010849971324205399, -0.010508145205676556, 0.04585348442196846, -0.039384625852108, -0.04291146621108055, -0.03900871053338051, -0.07963216304779053, 0.04382812976837158, 0.003975996281951666, 0.045894134789705276, -0.0013912951108068228, -0.05216019228100777, 0.07049170136451721, 0.026308095082640648, -0.012463608756661415, -0.014004450291395187, -0.028858058154582977, -0.05999307334423065, -0.01301548071205616, 0.040219224989414215, 0.026389768347144127, 0.009513196535408497, 0.025475172325968742, 0.02260507643222809, 0.01063596736639738, 0.03277681767940521, -0.017517592757940292, -0.0019726695027202368, 0.023095514625310898, 0.034644220024347305, -0.035904597491025925, 0.04482708126306534, 0.02736489288508892, -0.01563277654349804, -0.0029714517295360565, 0.008754207752645016, 0.04823274910449982, 0.019756322726607323, -0.023394806310534477, 0.03668868541717529, 0.004581662360578775, -0.004355822689831257, -0.04206634312868118, 0.02923111617565155, 0.02806464582681656, 0.02784261479973793, -0.0033389676827937365, 0.009623944759368896, 0.04291756823658943, -0.040647681802511215, -0.002360276412218809, 0.02231256663799286, 0.020264646038413048, 0.003531868802383542, 0.006481397431343794, -0.017482861876487732, -0.008705941028892994, 0.035200513899326324, -0.009348752908408642, -0.0469985269010067, 0.035003047436475754, 0.04377622902393341, 0.04347978159785271, 0.005333104636520147, -0.04191923886537552, 0.025595933198928833, -0.039884693920612335, 0.03326992690563202, -0.01890329271554947, 0.049791645258665085, -0.002536072162911296, 0.049814432859420776, 0.0056111859157681465, 0.011660193093121052, -0.025881044566631317, 0.0076090311631560326, -0.017195843160152435, 0.03890606388449669, -0.0258110910654068, 0.007775438018143177, 0.024078208953142166, 0.014785923063755035, 0.05618496611714363, -0.029550302773714066, -0.0061272140592336655, 0.011060100980103016, 0.01850322261452675, -0.022675134241580963, 0.01005485001951456, -0.02612971141934395, 0.015133943408727646, 0.013284970074892044, 0.05550481751561165, 0.006825088057667017, -0.020880071446299553, 0.0465175099670887, 0.02908371575176716, -0.0043411399237811565, -0.009502165950834751, -0.014014937914907932, 0.0016484999796375632, 0.018606407567858696, 0.049441274255514145, 0.03380445018410683, 0.0166240856051445, -0.016497818753123283, 0.04720786213874817, 0.0007143334369175136, 0.032280333340168, 0.041446782648563385, -0.02234676480293274, -0.014593377709388733, -0.053416673094034195, -0.04721846431493759, -0.013017536140978336, 0.01785479113459587, 0.01551403384655714, 0.015705278143286705, 0.058566298335790634, -0.01425234042108059, -0.059825796633958817, 0.024655085057020187, 0.026203664019703865, -0.0011060121469199657, -0.0010736534604802728, -0.05087693780660629, -0.015222289599478245, -0.009324891492724419, -0.0032950250897556543, 0.012704050168395042, 0.011027385480701923, -0.010733081959187984, -0.00937989354133606, 0.0331798754632473, -0.03242246434092522, -0.026536308228969574, -0.011577359400689602, 0.020965155214071274, 0.06683144718408585, 0.01777770183980465, -0.04992012307047844, 0.012615875340998173, 0.025206433609128, 0.010827860794961452, 0.04506305232644081, 0.013118655420839787, -0.05424049124121666, 0.0011990955099463463, 0.047716107219457626, 0.02308053895831108, -0.036671437323093414, 0.009489832445979118, 0.0002324187953490764, 0.0005118899280205369, 0.049614183604717255, -0.03689006343483925, 0.023139994591474533, 0.00411183200776577, 0.013215229846537113, -0.05706566944718361, -0.021187670528888702, -0.06118613854050636, -0.003871072316542268, -0.021426154300570488, 0.0015458791749551892, -0.01366347260773182, -0.03539610654115677, -0.030857421457767487, -0.018140550702810287, 0.033504318445920944, 0.05780758336186409, -0.0251831766217947, -0.030875777825713158, 0.015669142827391624, 0.02366947941482067, 0.004279939457774162, -0.04939068853855133, 0.016544589772820473, -0.0076090386137366295, 0.018315227702260017, 0.065083809196949, -0.027495769783854485, -0.01999489590525627, 0.00040204430115409195, 0.004635737743228674, -0.04152676835656166, -0.011573921889066696, 0.012612984515726566, 0.035709600895643234, 0.03012154996395111, -0.011002443730831146, 0.06734852492809296, 0.022755593061447144, 0.01977207511663437, 0.008231538347899914, -0.018132872879505157, 0.04637202247977257, -0.036421552300453186, 0.0012542001204565167, -0.05807562172412872, -0.03328828513622284, -0.02960318885743618, 0.03295902535319328, -0.005039030686020851, 0.037307314574718475, -0.03478013351559639, -0.029162051156163216, -0.011336073279380798, 0.036571331322193146, 0.0524115264415741, -0.0064331660978496075, 0.009058279916644096, 0.013585925102233887, -0.02447635494172573, -0.027551697567105293, 0.011317538097500801, -0.014400562271475792, 0.016802478581666946, 0.0046765306033194065, -0.04763041436672211, 0.008520767092704773, -0.029212389141321182, -0.040940698236227036, 0.01934114098548889, -0.021810099482536316, 0.01628628373146057, 0.013964596204459667, -0.0035736996214836836, 0.018571961671113968, -0.04344842955470085, 0.0005175748374313116, 0.02797652967274189, -0.012699185870587826, 0.04481879249215126, -0.05158902704715729, 0.054787635803222656, -0.009999167174100876, -0.01671985164284706, -0.08347069472074509, -0.01482619158923626, 0.007883263751864433, -0.0032736826688051224, -0.0008958237012848258, -0.023758787661790848, -0.009697068482637405, -0.033591143786907196, -0.0010237663518637419, -0.02694290317595005, 0.06964022666215897, 0.01723085157573223, -0.028867116197943687, -0.0051466492004692554, 0.006242338102310896, 0.062013790011405945, -0.012587340548634529, -0.02047104388475418, 0.009835715405642986, -0.027578089386224747, -0.009878766722977161, 0.0033643213100731373, -0.013207606971263885, -0.0219781044870615, -0.0012316246284171939, -0.020697077736258507, 0.006227040663361549, 0.025375694036483765, -0.04039657115936279, -0.049612194299697876, 0.005547904875129461, 0.01382854301482439, 0.020211227238178253, -0.022525882348418236, 0.0157315731048584, -0.01441673468798399, 0.026919206604361534, -0.0018838394898921251, 0.023669054731726646, 0.002210926730185747, -0.04385504871606827, -0.00014150846982374787, -0.0038088904693722725, -0.017031705006957054, 0.03750470280647278, 0.061188120394945145, 0.002657803241163492, 0.014689629897475243, -0.03136128932237625, -0.017253052443265915, 0.0354284793138504, 0.017825407907366753, 0.0009027121705003083, -0.010333621874451637, 0.04426991939544678, -0.04683578759431839, -0.02879437245428562, -0.017131241038441658, -0.005765525624155998, 0.05368553847074509, 0.011548400856554508, 0.05610062927007675, 0.06590616703033447, 0.012535855174064636, -0.0014139852719381452, -0.01121307909488678, -0.005099908448755741, -0.03472152352333069, -0.0066463942639529705, 0.04209641367197037, -0.012328008189797401, -0.0211228895932436, 0.04737124219536781, -0.00158520822878927, -0.0039497739635407925, 0.04629278928041458, 0.030039705336093903, -0.006617425940930843, 0.028843054547905922, -0.03178095817565918, -0.03150782361626625, 0.02661050483584404, -0.06577422469854355, 0.005949889309704304, -0.024961179122328758, 0.01499447226524353, 0.05429115146398544, 0.0035150351468473673, -0.0031701363623142242, -0.05656510964035988, -0.035495489835739136, -0.0660637691617012, 0.022861938923597336, 0.013970810920000076, 0.0007893299334682524, 0.0033102547749876976, -0.032781824469566345, 0.0415765717625618, -0.00468812882900238, 0.00964980199933052, -0.011847767978906631, -0.06194594129920006, -0.05958719924092293, -0.026466667652130127, -0.027639739215373993, 0.04180723428726196, -0.030776482075452805, -0.024998722597956657, 0.005134871695190668, -0.023555126041173935, 0.049790333956480026, 0.004792056046426296, 0.03345222771167755, -0.04369073361158371, 0.06169891357421875, 0.03623693436384201, 0.026151146739721298, 0.017980482429265976, -0.029758311808109283, 0.09571444243192673, 0.06432009488344193, 0.010237231850624084, -0.05478972941637039, -0.006028292700648308, -0.00483037019148469, 0.005537557881325483, -0.018573744222521782, 0.01274289283901453, 0.03246418014168739, 0.0004413727729115635, 0.035753704607486725, 0.05147963762283325, 0.044904839247465134, -0.04997776076197624, 0.07481619715690613, -0.019152304157614708, -0.02774784527719021, -0.015972690656781197, 0.01918601803481579, -0.0016785042826086283, -0.02959090657532215, -0.052973028272390366, -0.030424514785408974, 0.0075684962794184685, -0.0031034068670123816, -0.003399735316634178, -0.0393049418926239, -0.006616016384214163, 0.010944378562271595, -0.02095511369407177, -0.031496066600084305, 0.02834465354681015, 0.022811487317085266, -0.06387803703546524, 0.025425611063838005, 0.0015215979656204581, -0.05328865349292755, -0.005247404798865318, 0.040343139320611954, -0.02873566932976246, -0.023370111361145973, 0.008632468990981579, -0.008290308527648449, -0.05049432814121246, -0.003452434903010726, -0.02451389469206333, 0.013068612664937973, 0.005337361246347427, 0.013416824862360954, -0.03342004865407944, 0.000347647990565747, 0.0037089434918016195, -0.04365942254662514, -0.02780766971409321, 0.030697051435709, 0.020884288474917412, -0.029625950381159782, -0.0139083843678236, -0.04401706904172897, 0.03513997048139572, -0.01723157800734043, 0.048267051577568054, 0.037729326635599136, -0.0031634478364139795, -0.012788246385753155, -0.015528385527431965, 0.054572831839323044, -0.007966367527842522, -0.007813138887286186, 0.011159216985106468, 0.007008792366832495, -0.048717088997364044, 0.029173757880926132, 0.03277260810136795, -0.011679201386868954, -0.0020490235183387995, -0.011169545352458954, 0.0034759901463985443, -0.013157129287719727, 0.0122726084664464, 0.01710006780922413, -0.051046643406152725, -0.016923382878303528, -0.03730323538184166, 0.02178242802619934, 0.02893921546638012, 0.020440639927983284, 0.041762493550777435, 0.03357072174549103, 0.020880548283457756, 0.016673462465405464, 0.04555724561214447, -0.06684289872646332, -0.014601442031562328, 0.00016072845028247684, -0.013363887555897236, -0.027421200647950172, -0.012805021367967129, 0.06846373528242111, 0.03565659373998642, 0.022124631330370903, -0.0057121687568724155, 0.008871600963175297, 0.0102846072986722, -0.0005797655903734267, 0.002385595813393593, -0.053412072360515594, 0.0027971970848739147, 0.034793537110090256, -0.02588868886232376, -0.01393452100455761, -0.01564103551208973, -0.060509562492370605, -0.04170825332403183, 0.025010323151946068, -0.022780006751418114, -0.03341551125049591, -0.019311178475618362, -0.003367248922586441, 0.04113394021987915, 0.012130090966820717, 0.001336405286565423, -0.03867269679903984, 0.0038104820996522903, -0.011878393590450287, -0.0018427050672471523, 0.021316664293408394, 0.010224825702607632, -0.016573745757341385, -0.01926834136247635, 0.04053542762994766, 0.012263122014701366, 0.021230235695838928, -0.008543096482753754, 0.0391370989382267, -0.011297543533146381, 0.037608351558446884, -0.01872650906443596, 0.006323530804365873, 0.04116489738225937, -0.06274363398551941, -0.0038550561293959618, 0.02155180834233761, 0.01929328218102455, 0.04332229495048523, -0.015325002372264862, -0.022855354472994804, -0.04444704204797745, 0.03960365056991577, -0.02434016391634941, -0.019106686115264893, -0.003092114580795169, -0.01829386129975319, -0.0026147684548050165, -0.025576401501893997, 0.005333137232810259, -0.006326169241219759, -0.00893944688141346, 0.024391720071434975, 0.04613488167524338, 0.009920239448547363, -0.016100957989692688, 0.017417119815945625, -0.000495967164169997, 0.02755332924425602, -0.016859138384461403, -0.012246892787516117, 0.0487055666744709, 0.07388932257890701, -0.007889293134212494, 0.019551854580640793, -0.022012747824192047, 0.05197441950440407, -0.10222901403903961, -0.0011729046236723661, 0.016632961109280586, 0.015992168337106705, 0.043803080916404724, -0.029280144721269608, -0.00852254033088684, 0.004433454945683479, -0.04497816041111946, 0.0077714379876852036, -0.03310822322964668, -0.029830964282155037, -0.026755770668387413, 0.017823146656155586, -0.02632167935371399, 0.04477483406662941, 0.02006934955716133, 0.01864265836775303, 0.05173271521925926, 0.01957498863339424, -0.023457050323486328, -0.010251784697175026, -0.03764156252145767, 0.01744052767753601, 0.013077533803880215, -0.07172758132219315, 0.010550149716436863, -0.00039420227403752506, -0.055858585983514786, 0.03429584577679634, 0.0107661671936512, 0.008951510302722454, -0.006065059918910265, 0.016380976885557175, 0.024996094405651093, 0.017615560442209244, 0.046539533883333206, -0.030352896079421043, -0.053320836275815964, 0.017113609239459038, 0.004897157661616802, 0.019960815086960793, 0.00830705463886261, 0.00808892771601677, -0.005273636896163225, -0.009200092405080795, 0.02690804749727249, 0.019946062937378883, -0.012887963093817234, -0.010325510986149311, -0.006594737991690636, -0.004694496747106314, 0.016990186646580696, -0.019847581163048744, 0.036281947046518326, -0.02402520179748535, -0.04847842454910278, 0.03129797801375389, 0.04730893671512604, -0.010708427987992764, 0.02646458148956299, 0.00764622213318944, -0.04595644026994705, -0.008611449040472507, -0.003596027847379446, 0.006841856054961681, -0.043574389070272446, 0.010811223648488522, -0.017593715339899063, -0.01255420409142971, -0.032659102231264114, -0.00741909584030509, -0.035277001559734344, 0.030076753348112106, -0.0016926168464124203, 0.03277970850467682, 0.0057949526235461235, -0.018043873831629753, 0.007437841966748238, -0.0790441706776619, 0.07548197358846664, -0.0192765723913908, -0.017335884273052216, -0.04935820400714874, 0.0014665948692709208, -0.025283265858888626, 0.009658155031502247, 0.05535261705517769, 0.042014747858047485, 0.02514125406742096, -0.03211474418640137, 0.012828269973397255, -0.009256331250071526, -0.06733717769384384, 0.024817686527967453, -0.012312003411352634, -0.002229161560535431, -0.02523333579301834, -0.035589512437582016, 0.013768741860985756, 0.007363736163824797, -0.004414049442857504, -0.02094937115907669, 0.022879593074321747, -0.0059842076152563095, 0.007945137098431587, 0.06836102157831192, -0.012444796971976757, -0.02928825654089451, 0.054514382034540176, -0.00951126404106617, 0.028826413676142693, 0.01942560076713562, -0.01845155842602253, -0.04161078855395317, 0.03534093499183655, -0.0007302510202862322, -0.03135161101818085, 0.0011729593388736248, 0.033608295023441315, 0.00011364783131284639, -0.03328446298837662, -0.025718843564391136, -0.006000815890729427, -0.07986694574356079, 0.023824628442525864, 0.01639021560549736, 0.043578293174505234, 0.01785631850361824, -0.03814643621444702, 0.020500928163528442, 0.010556434281170368, -0.03005712851881981, 0.016801027581095695, 0.012200726196169853, 0.012134619057178497, 0.007771509233862162, 0.009311369620263577, 0.02343781478703022, -0.04281962290406227, 0.0059641203843057156, -0.01603575423359871, 0.02551298961043358, -0.025135084986686707, -0.010495060123503208, 0.008718050085008144, 0.030276885256171227, 0.036158498376607895, 0.021992148831486702, -0.024490732699632645, 0.05340022221207619, -0.022905712947249413, -0.0030755414627492428, -0.008968919515609741, -0.015738682821393013, -0.010932899080216885, -0.00204095127992332, 0.01374308206140995, 0.040951889008283615, -0.02256893925368786, 0.014820115640759468, 0.010847975499927998, -0.05794922634959221, 0.010094287805259228, -0.011213719844818115, 0.034980982542037964, -0.03910450637340546, 0.004850118421018124, -0.007587746251374483, 0.007551282178610563, -0.03923185169696808, -0.031128449365496635, 0.016173917800188065, 0.030105965211987495, 0.042511340230703354, -0.04292471706867218, -0.044048555195331573, 0.020063787698745728, 0.0401691272854805, -0.03138432279229164, -0.040091659873723984, -0.037579555064439774, 0.016866929829120636, 0.022381579503417015, -0.021802162751555443 ]
<p>I have a dataset of fraudulent orders from some business. Each order has a bunch of features such as order_amount, address, state, city, phone_number, and name. Obviously a criminal would not be using his/her real name when making a fraudulent order. So I was wondering if there was any sort of machine learning strategy to identify fake names. I assume there must be some sort of underlying structure to how fake names are selected - so understanding this structure could allow me to identify them. Unless the fake names are completely randomly selected. Any thoughts on how to do this?</p>
74,113
[ -0.033287011086940765, -0.015864351764321327, -0.015185457654297352, -0.042504217475652695, 0.06221485137939453, -0.009418216533958912, -0.03964485973119736, -0.01667497307062149, 0.023550888523459435, -0.015900490805506706, 0.04066253453493118, 0.01728743128478527, 0.010567701421678066, 0.037992194294929504, -0.02182812988758087, 0.02635347843170166, -0.020733563229441643, -0.005237769801169634, -0.029908083379268646, -0.006119062192738056, 0.027474654838442802, 0.009576127864420414, 0.017956137657165527, -0.011788067407906055, -0.025204068049788475, 0.032814864069223404, 0.010854925028979778, -0.040649186819791794, 0.014908776618540287, -0.007909479551017284, -0.054309699684381485, 0.01878380961716175, 0.006812753155827522, -0.004165022633969784, 0.016433630138635635, -0.0036061624996364117, -0.03565799817442894, -0.049748845398426056, 0.0398079939186573, 0.05058234930038452, -0.02126331813633442, -0.02260877564549446, 0.03737336024641991, 0.057007256895303726, 0.005124921444803476, 0.001579627743922174, -0.054000552743673325, -0.012800551019608974, -0.02150714583694935, -0.02966536022722721, 0.08649425208568573, -0.007609400898218155, -0.019191714003682137, 0.027322402223944664, -0.004598380532115698, 0.01392480731010437, 0.03921300172805786, 0.06007460877299309, 0.0010081619257107377, -0.03908887133002281, -0.009909415617585182, -0.003989032004028559, -0.002114842878654599, -0.04092196747660637, -0.01769159361720085, 0.02497287467122078, 0.009037439711391926, -0.009360456839203835, 0.014333611354231834, 0.011719298548996449, 0.015704186633229256, -0.007962197996675968, 0.027893049642443657, 0.006891448516398668, -0.010407204739749432, -0.021798016503453255, -0.01012936607003212, 0.03248913213610649, 0.04713742434978485, -0.012157145887613297, 0.02600817009806633, -0.00592484837397933, 0.012208918109536171, -0.015342098660767078, 0.02329196035861969, -0.010417756624519825, 0.05943755805492401, -0.015264301560819149, 0.034854091703891754, 0.031808268278837204, -0.022018833085894585, 0.021227901801466942, 0.010095309466123581, 0.0016466582892462611, -0.02909710817039013, -0.007964203134179115, -0.0031433328986167908, 0.007845209911465645, 0.015628015622496605, -0.024740705266594887, -0.02564351074397564, -0.00022495555458590388, -0.02136423997581005, 0.07153718918561935, -0.023094262927770615, -0.032670143991708755, -0.01677832566201687, -0.017345614731311798, -0.015214828774333, 0.0228619035333395, -0.0031650071032345295, 0.006898211780935526, 0.019130224362015724, 0.0018682775553315878, -0.000351373921148479, 0.009240800514817238, 0.0013291662326082587, -0.031269948929548264, 0.045678894966840744, 0.06308818608522415, -0.005423711147159338, -0.04712789133191109, 0.03522904962301254, -0.011024009436368942, -0.004187323618680239, -0.002935483120381832, 0.022728996351361275, 0.008749349974095821, -0.0361570343375206, 0.06873077154159546, 0.010867156088352203, -0.06989183276891708, 0.05506916716694832, -0.010978433303534985, 0.031126705929636955, -0.001619033282622695, -0.11140044033527374, -0.053474459797143936, -0.00021205369557719678, -0.014275663532316685, 0.015878621488809586, -0.0359257236123085, -0.0038714096881449223, -0.008130354806780815, 0.036337342113256454, 0.019651375710964203, 0.018461937084794044, 0.044692832976579666, 0.004861423745751381, 0.015387405641376972, -0.0035534745547920465, 0.011245603673160076, -0.016329633072018623, 0.023746348917484283, -0.014670592732727528, 0.0016982646193355322, 0.02115129493176937, 0.00965989101678133, -0.038157232105731964, -0.04280322417616844, 0.019325194880366325, -0.004617673810571432, 0.00327480910345912, 0.03643637150526047, -0.010822736658155918, -0.044958408921957016, 0.05390794575214386, 0.012752188369631767, 0.048690542578697205, 0.01777823083102703, -0.048506688326597214, 0.04396366328001022, -0.014645449817180634, 0.01890399493277073, 0.023063546046614647, 0.011277556419372559, -0.02003389224410057, 0.002997808624058962, 0.0425712876021862, -0.0012704296968877316, 0.006468138191848993, -0.012469079345464706, -0.005767401307821274, -0.009118198417127132, 0.013906531035900116, 0.025041155517101288, 0.028432847931981087, -0.026576625183224678, 0.04978525638580322, -0.04430096969008446, -0.01314071286469698, -0.06969039142131805, 0.03241683915257454, -0.020596956834197044, -0.028274482116103172, 0.0026656566187739372, 0.023177949711680412, -0.016349000856280327, -0.015903890132904053, 0.0208183154463768, -0.024370692670345306, 0.01699872501194477, 0.04083078354597092, -0.04005057364702225, 0.012771387584507465, 0.024894684553146362, -0.01621713675558567, -0.04198272526264191, 0.07077869027853012, -0.042505133897066116, -0.03099811263382435, 0.013223995454609394, -0.0010345039190724492, 0.005112955812364817, -0.055445101112127304, 0.018344072625041008, 0.0643337145447731, -0.0025338418781757355, -0.01313032303005457, -0.005062486976385117, -0.04029995948076248, 0.04079228267073631, 0.06730960309505463, 0.0073480806313455105, -0.01372405793517828, -0.0034096790477633476, 0.029766535386443138, 0.0016209816094487906, -0.02336479164659977, -0.024727996438741684, -0.06284067779779434, -0.07722742110490799, 0.0579855777323246, 0.021772589534521103, -0.03895515576004982, 0.009204285219311714, 0.047375164926052094, 0.08275708556175232, 0.04779418930411339, -0.006609673611819744, -0.0330970324575901, -0.01669272407889366, 0.02295462228357792, 0.007562145125120878, -0.005008447915315628, 0.009085722267627716, 0.01733384095132351, -0.010540072806179523, 0.07747150957584381, -0.008155185729265213, -0.013487345539033413, -0.002692781388759613, -0.003886094316840172, 0.026577802374958992, -0.01643259823322296, -0.04515334963798523, 0.02710222825407982, -0.028042981401085854, 0.014863072894513607, 0.01715337112545967, -0.0004048400151077658, 0.022887730970978737, 0.010340412147343159, -0.02416081726551056, 0.026466572657227516, 0.05654029920697212, -0.012307650409638882, 0.015394060872495174, 0.009509618394076824, -0.06465370208024979, 0.02970578707754612, -0.007242648862302303, -0.027127718552947044, -0.008284520357847214, 0.04663418233394623, 0.017606571316719055, -0.0009837571997195482, 0.008984480053186417, -0.017888281494379044, -0.020589003339409828, -0.0007181173423305154, 0.008809140883386135, 0.012692625634372234, 0.031496088951826096, -0.07868913561105728, -0.0003598883340600878, 0.007109988480806351, -0.01670263521373272, 0.036159105598926544, -0.007666886318475008, -0.005209935363382101, 0.03315827623009682, -0.011566400527954102, -0.05154150724411011, 0.0010146743152290583, -0.043777186423540115, 0.011309156194329262, 0.016695449128746986, 0.035445068031549454, -0.009562383405864239, 0.039934635162353516, -0.05725283920764923, 0.012780134566128254, -0.013857461512088776, -0.012899535708129406, -0.017925655469298363, -0.062204569578170776, 0.013753615319728851, 0.01741848699748516, 0.01712867245078087, 0.032478827983140945, 0.022791851311922073, 0.021646294742822647, -0.044084686785936356, -0.05955563485622406, 0.012300875037908554, -0.034330204129219055, 0.021187499165534973, 0.03266248106956482, 0.018714699894189835, 0.0732889249920845, 0.030563531443476677, -0.04111916944384575, -0.020191341638565063, -0.030469730496406555, -0.04034196585416794, -0.04311647266149521, 0.03733803704380989, 0.009993418119847775, 0.001422592205926776, 0.00585377961397171, 0.02996141090989113, 0.006942841690033674, 0.08312670141458511, -0.0371713787317276, -0.002928862115368247, 0.03138522431254387, -0.01694413647055626, -0.012305615469813347, 0.052493512630462646, 0.011201641522347927, -0.0452796146273613, 0.03354917839169502, 0.0005415259511210024, 0.021228892728686333, 0.033183567225933075, -0.05110336095094681, -0.028434189036488533, -0.057947561144828796, 0.010073701851069927, -0.028803952038288116, 0.009434297680854797, -0.006560241337865591, -0.04301663115620613, -0.04376853629946709, 0.005370873026549816, 0.030793411657214165, -0.0060403551906347275, 0.04202708601951599, 0.05949244648218155, 0.023422740399837494, -0.016741903498768806, 0.005249053705483675, -0.0016492005670443177, -0.0452355295419693, 0.0015262311790138483, -0.008727846667170525, 0.029628310352563858, 0.03869496285915375, 0.04313214495778084, 0.005657707341015339, 0.057528626173734665, -0.018840497359633446, 0.015040590427815914, -0.038859616965055466, 0.008761870674788952, -0.019954394549131393, 0.04595913365483284, 0.009438660927116871, 0.06794143468141556, 0.0280928835272789, 0.016772588714957237, -0.03188542276620865, 0.034661807119846344, -0.05045334994792938, 0.0119880186393857, -0.021406622603535652, 0.026088735088706017, -0.04036169871687889, -0.05205124244093895, 0.008242722600698471, -0.029980428516864777, 0.011649956926703453, -0.02076369896531105, 0.016272416338324547, -0.045500095933675766, 0.0076105897314846516, 0.008788936771452427, -0.006480207201093435, -0.004313176032155752, 0.0348183773458004, -0.007492356933653355, 0.03528362885117531, -0.007884794846177101, -0.01624828204512596, 0.018262499943375587, -0.020836783573031425, -0.013765091076493263, -0.027736486867070198, 0.03520442172884941, 0.036174897104501724, -0.03470694646239281, -0.0009569019312039018, -0.060739267617464066, 0.02027750387787819, -0.02949303761124611, 0.034772612154483795, 0.0235200934112072, 0.005895034410059452, -0.03104381635785103, -0.06560363620519638, -0.030698971822857857, 0.024946704506874084, 0.0017794710583984852, -0.0363851934671402, 0.013707431964576244, 0.04069671407341957, 0.04197928309440613, -0.05939148738980293, -0.0005021946271881461, 0.08047866076231003, 0.05498416721820831, 0.015630612149834633, -0.03901812061667442, -0.007462991401553154, 0.004300699569284916, -0.006524371914565563, -0.004915797151625156, 0.01768265664577484, 0.011282370425760746, 0.03177417069673538, 0.024499526247382164, -0.010739975608885288, -0.03263228014111519, 0.005101870745420456, 0.029006127268075943, 0.044822804629802704, -0.014418385922908783, 0.02803255245089531, 0.02847704105079174, 0.04537559300661087, 0.030108172446489334, -0.01885262504220009, -0.0038652014918625355, -0.09692811965942383, -0.01042116992175579, 0.06621493399143219, 0.04238434135913849, -0.040152158588171005, -0.053935881704092026, -0.06170622631907463, -0.04096898436546326, 0.04829392954707146, -0.018626412376761436, 0.0242981668561697, -0.002492033876478672, -0.012829813174903393, -0.02292177826166153, -0.009797489270567894, -0.026055939495563507, -0.006873649079352617, -0.027478866279125214, 0.07395720481872559, -0.036487966775894165, -0.025834407657384872, -0.046799369156360626, -0.01434720866382122, 0.008900578133761883, 0.03970659524202347, 0.02381392940878868, 0.001835817121900618, -0.03189096227288246, -0.006264601368457079, -0.01935366541147232, -0.04729054495692253, 0.00023827269615139812, 0.014910834841430187, -0.0013965270482003689, 0.07906077802181244, -0.030335141345858574, -0.05492665618658066, 0.003734791651368141, 0.0024994295090436935, -0.0010570394806563854, -0.016434255987405777, -0.03246784955263138, 0.02344178780913353, 0.03987802937626839, 0.035673972219228745, 0.03862655535340309, 0.004842096474021673, -0.008741226978600025, -0.00963862519711256, -0.02818807028234005, 0.015353517606854439, -0.08127333223819733, -0.021326368674635887, -0.029970787465572357, 0.029404526576399803, -0.017055299133062363, -0.011924020946025848, 0.018922731280326843, 0.03956439346075058, -0.014847991988062859, 0.026850862428545952, 0.0006739597884006798, 0.04807806760072708, -0.017562974244356155, -0.028129156678915024, -0.027544399723410606, 0.03593471646308899, -0.009183616377413273, 0.031810060143470764, 0.023423729464411736, -0.021195536479353905, 0.03399103879928589, 0.014710528776049614, -0.019477341324090958, 0.03256487473845482, -0.02592277340590954, -0.02224390208721161, -0.009855926036834717, 0.01343889907002449, 0.05950082093477249, 0.006461333949118853, -0.00004766864367411472, 0.014060981571674347, -0.0720290020108223, 0.03415887802839279, -0.007364511955529451, 0.008161542937159538, 0.022800788283348083, -0.013564796186983585, 0.062237147241830826, -0.007901872508227825, -0.003168693045154214, -0.0507117435336113, -0.026788117364048958, 0.02633017487823963, 0.00929984636604786, -0.03822677209973335, -0.03644731640815735, 0.03374014049768448, 0.03847239911556244, -0.023387011140584946, 0.002570865210145712, 0.04478295519948006, 0.004131695255637169, 0.007307302672415972, -0.002727965824306011, 0.005784983746707439, 0.07623490691184998, 0.037196084856987, 0.0002704065409488976, 0.017179392278194427, -0.024017106741666794, 0.012793478555977345, 0.019073491916060448, 0.02578282169997692, -0.006736503913998604, -0.013602527789771557, -0.06731627136468887, 0.04327615723013878, 0.01635454222559929, 0.022315794602036476, 0.034720346331596375, -0.01747151091694832, 0.010879907757043839, -0.006383531726896763, -0.0254585612565279, -0.0006953625124879181, 0.06178794428706169, -0.04943661764264107, -0.00038763743941672146, -0.0004884363734163344, 0.0009481218876317143, 0.02995612658560276, 0.0027903032023459673, 0.0073576574213802814, -0.0012531050015240908, 0.005360886920243502, 0.019004972651600838, -0.06405577063560486, 0.007051229011267424, -0.011327823624014854, -0.03218999132514, 0.05919202044606209, -0.0031259404495358467, 0.003185123670846224, 0.009012916125357151, 0.028660327196121216, -0.0484565868973732, -0.03667210042476654, -0.04634108021855354, -0.0050482130609452724, 0.03610356152057648, 0.047532547265291214, 0.056843921542167664, 0.03647759184241295, 0.01483195461332798, -0.018832284957170486, -0.014552256092429161, 0.006604200229048729, 0.0333392396569252, -0.0291183739900589, 0.024911193177103996, -0.009522284381091595, 0.011331704445183277, 0.03612261265516281, -0.00312995002605021, 0.02467408776283264, 0.044252339750528336, 0.023980358615517616, -0.021429549902677536, 0.022837432101368904, -0.04567892476916313, -0.041781749576330185, 0.01969553716480732, -0.05540461465716362, -0.003159944200888276, 0.027009954676032066, -0.0002660687605384737, 0.027200229465961456, 0.061962954699993134, 0.02685820870101452, -0.01554252952337265, -0.021376680582761765, -0.04507077857851982, 0.03811904042959213, 0.03623717650771141, -0.04149574786424637, 0.05350010469555855, -0.01642368920147419, 0.024789579212665558, -0.04164116084575653, 0.03111550211906433, -0.013153329491615295, -0.09414322674274445, 0.005138101521879435, -0.03213902562856674, -0.03825711831450462, 0.035931702703237534, -0.010405715554952621, 0.0209910087287426, 0.0001657098764553666, -0.04640726000070572, 0.01871766522526741, -0.01145563367754221, -0.0015052101807668805, -0.06028270348906517, 0.016503645107150078, -0.016124611720442772, 0.05461910739541054, 0.02341141737997532, -0.01987338997423649, 0.12044643610715866, 0.06879083067178726, 0.04316207394003868, -0.0788879543542862, -0.009336466901004314, 0.022450603544712067, -0.014208810403943062, -0.034837543964385986, -0.01220486406236887, -0.020112166181206703, 0.012537387199699879, 0.011552139185369015, 0.010231584310531616, -0.01236604992300272, -0.019953850656747818, 0.0489078164100647, -0.035143908113241196, -0.010657832026481628, 0.013070130720734596, 0.033446911722421646, -0.0208600964397192, -0.026014216244220734, -0.07099015265703201, 0.027672309428453445, -0.005434624385088682, -0.0383102223277092, -0.02103508822619915, -0.009618938900530338, 0.04524907469749451, 0.02499978058040142, 0.004261206369847059, 0.001265018479898572, 0.012431561015546322, 0.005544498562812805, 0.02097470313310623, 0.01943889446556568, 0.01666979491710663, -0.04677518084645271, 0.028601165860891342, 0.04071538895368576, 0.009824886918067932, -0.024716008454561234, 0.005106664728373289, -0.00928280409425497, -0.032804712653160095, -0.047724995762109756, -0.02703411504626274, 0.02404620870947838, -0.021132858470082283, -0.0019457255257293582, 0.005493247881531715, 0.02469879947602749, -0.008907402865588665, -0.04627397283911705, -0.017675234004855156, 0.011615985073149204, 0.025669636204838753, -0.009800668805837631, -0.05059689283370972, -0.031071189790964127, 0.038531213998794556, -0.010047689080238342, 0.010830684565007687, 0.003738790052011609, 0.008565917611122131, -0.016095919534564018, -0.033504147082567215, 0.01902899518609047, 0.02519228123128414, -0.00030702317599207163, -0.013781759887933731, -0.030504703521728516, 0.0100420992821455, 0.008964469656348228, -0.010394873097538948, 0.0036209009122103453, -0.019968435168266296, -0.011280534788966179, -0.0028961740899831057, -0.025082411244511604, -0.03162641078233719, 0.009092392399907112, -0.028168397024273872, -0.00664216885343194, -0.035237397998571396, -0.020800577476620674, 0.058757003396749496, 0.02805495634675026, 0.04073348641395569, 0.0186621081084013, 0.05132783204317093, 0.04490319639444351, 0.03068559803068638, -0.012912062928080559, 0.012800446711480618, -0.062067266553640366, -0.05435873940587044, 0.019577302038669586, 0.01818644255399704, 0.04079856723546982, 0.03665979951620102, 0.014508882537484169, 0.02468789741396904, -0.004931874107569456, -0.007210796698927879, -0.013247191905975342, 0.001200794125907123, -0.03655368834733963, -0.017467046156525612, -0.01580718532204628, -0.013333305716514587, -0.04768082872033119, -0.035391874611377716, 0.012560892850160599, -0.024784427136182785, 0.008718634024262428, 0.017028892412781715, -0.013179345987737179, 0.0066001019440591335, -0.00007033272413536906, 0.003178064478561282, -0.046180494129657745, 0.014088920317590237, -0.03430423140525818, -0.018252845853567123, -0.011446810327470303, -0.04369045048952103, -0.008900608867406845, 0.018175829201936722, 0.03795967251062393, 0.03937467932701111, 0.023894555866718292, 0.007222488522529602, -0.023861786350607872, -0.036663275212049484, 0.05230535939335823, -0.017524803057312965, 0.048880938440561295, -0.04587044194340706, -0.0016042860224843025, 0.01929870992898941, -0.06488408148288727, 0.0037328856997191906, 0.0013085224200040102, -0.030193660408258438, 0.034444332122802734, -0.0003364690928719938, -0.016839975491166115, -0.012611214071512222, 0.05769466236233711, -0.019209852442145348, -0.0289179477840662, -0.002897118916735053, 0.060324106365442276, 0.007594675291329622, 0.04300801828503609, 0.025310272350907326, -0.0011113552609458566, -0.0057869539596140385, 0.010455026291310787, -0.0015779371606186032, 0.024907035753130913, -0.0267275869846344, 0.026672638952732086, 0.008208418264985085, 0.030360497534275055, -0.002267149742692709, 0.01718190126121044, 0.010964757762849331, 0.012172088958323002, 0.014072611927986145, 0.02600032277405262, -0.0033609867095947266, -0.007417664863169193, -0.07619604468345642, -0.022988153621554375, 0.06316794455051422, -0.01517307385802269, 0.06508413702249527, -0.0249470341950655, -0.0013154036132618785, 0.0326911099255085, -0.06797440350055695, 0.0014846117701381445, -0.0163070447742939, 0.010102870874106884, -0.04849343001842499, 0.030570315197110176, -0.012253363616764545, -0.0070324791595339775, 0.0182513277977705, 0.005044980440288782, 0.028905576094985008, 0.01943013072013855, -0.021062331274151802, -0.014977436512708664, -0.04284988343715668, 0.06553138792514801, 0.003069306258112192, -0.060755301266908646, 0.006163839716464281, -0.07182318717241287, -0.013133375905454159, 0.048420634120702744, 0.02351989783346653, 0.007585207931697369, -0.013273746706545353, 0.034034363925457, 0.014930244535207748, 0.019980210810899734, 0.0051788934506475925, 0.01567293517291546, 0.029905710369348526, 0.0006760357646271586, 0.022121375426650047, 0.06538035720586777, 0.019710706546902657, -0.025207199156284332, -0.016322461888194084, -0.033494383096694946, 0.0032572257332503796, 0.001601510331965983, -0.019607271999120712, -0.035830482840538025, -0.016615407541394234, -0.00555442413315177, 0.00016052520368248224, -0.023560727015137672, 0.0618743859231472, -0.02750278264284134, -0.016570182517170906, 0.02105558291077614, 0.05833721533417702, -0.038019441068172455, 0.019313909113407135, -0.010819329880177975, -0.07044613361358643, 0.030047737061977386, 0.04669536277651787, -0.019025078043341637, -0.027939409017562866, 0.013975044712424278, 0.007712955120950937, 0.00398615188896656, -0.006458161864429712, -0.03668133541941643, 0.007242986932396889, 0.029963798820972443, -0.02579498663544655, 0.026285506784915924, 0.015721039846539497, -0.022349679842591286, -0.02823355421423912, -0.07002756744623184, 0.03944556415081024, -0.0010215208167210221, -0.04429437965154648, -0.03580709546804428, -0.013336317613720894, -0.02817361243069172, -0.01678072288632393, 0.051207996904850006, -0.034267738461494446, -0.02184675633907318, -0.04486676678061485, -0.002346453256905079, 0.02219150774180889, -0.04309196025133133, 0.04182368144392967, -0.00401674397289753, -0.0008207327337004244, 0.01085082907229662, 0.0065337480045855045, 0.008579803630709648, 0.04266713559627533, 0.004391321912407875, 0.0078679034486413, -0.06476049870252609, 0.01243080385029316, -0.012424515560269356, 0.02804088220000267, -0.018019534647464752, 0.0348903127014637, 0.014091577380895615, 0.02527018077671528, -0.015988865867257118, 0.009206435643136501, -0.005351212341338396, -0.05882447212934494, 0.03291892260313034, -0.03126978129148483, -0.022337738424539566, -0.021038595587015152, 0.02561575174331665, 0.005978115368634462, -0.025400767102837563, 0.06685677915811539, 0.046884842216968536, -0.00987912155687809, 0.017799407243728638, 0.03940640017390251, 0.0008809439605101943, 0.0025914583820849657, 0.04041861370205879, 0.03984415903687477, -0.0019377926364541054, -0.03322292119264603, 0.004616267513483763, 0.021360863000154495, -0.002515555126592517, -0.007805348839610815, 0.03402090445160866, 0.031595129519701004, -0.01726550981402397, 0.046688709408044815, -0.030910860747098923, 0.02327229082584381, -0.07568662613630295, 0.042747613042593, 0.01916058175265789, -0.0248646829277277, 0.03066580928862095, -0.01127663441002369, -0.03290904685854912, 0.0769367441534996, -0.0067726303823292255, 0.01972360908985138, -0.030685972422361374, -0.030145401135087013, -0.04316040873527527, -0.00633812602609396, -0.0072858198545873165, 0.030771810561418533, -0.007396884262561798, 0.012423183768987656, -0.018925068899989128, 0.022971665486693382, 0.03796941041946411, -0.036291204392910004, 0.0040076719596982, -0.009495988488197327, -0.0021620155312120914, -0.03089780919253826, -0.029865367338061333, -0.0371524952352047, -0.02923676371574402, -0.02438516542315483, -0.007740202359855175, 0.0232422836124897, 0.013515195809304714, -0.010953402146697044, -0.0041674962267279625, -0.004426651634275913, -0.09482450783252716, 0.016512373462319374, -0.03171651065349579, 0.02933448553085327, 0.005737764295190573, -0.017447084188461304 ]
<p>I have a set of 1000 datapoints of measured concentrations that may include up to 300 values which are censored (below the detection limit that the lab could reliably measure). The range of detection limit values vary, such as &lt;2, &lt;3, &lt;7 etc. My data is neither normal or log-normal, and I've used non-parametric tests to analyze it so far. </p> <p>The information in the environmental-research literature about the use of kaplan-meier, or ROS estimators for real left-censored data primarily only compares overall statistics (i.e. mean, median, std. dev) between these different estimator methods.</p> <p>I would like to use KM to generate <strong>individual values</strong> for those of my results which are below the detection limit. To date I've relied on whatever stats software may be available to me, but I cannot find this option presently. </p> <p><em>Edit:</em> What are the steps to generate values for the left-censored data (using KM)?</p> <p>Is there a programs/software that I could apply to my dataset and then impute values based on KM? Ultimately I am interested in using these generated values for further multivariate analysis of my dataset, and thus need new individual values (as opposed to overall mean, median etc).</p> <p>Any comments would be helpful. Thank you.</p>
33,569
[ -0.036741793155670166, 0.005422638263553381, 0.0385265052318573, 0.008451788686215878, 0.02898217737674713, -0.02516227774322033, -0.024611961096525192, -0.038010481745004654, 0.01849248819053173, -0.04586515948176384, 0.027844121679663658, 0.04670068249106407, 0.024154767394065857, 0.02189352549612522, 0.01608085446059704, 0.009060634300112724, -0.01718946546316147, -0.006421066354960203, -0.009621991775929928, -0.020153531804680824, -0.02972119301557541, 0.009441941976547241, 0.02095828950405121, -0.00393306277692318, -0.04803578928112984, 0.04109842702746391, 0.006883369758725166, -0.017069242894649506, -0.0013541904045268893, 0.02780909836292267, -0.03572624549269676, -0.06159656122326851, 0.000703598721884191, 0.037779804319143295, -0.015198517590761185, -0.0012743331026285887, -0.021728355437517166, -0.07760417461395264, -0.01590651087462902, 0.03976913169026375, -0.02748083882033825, -0.04197746515274048, 0.01568152755498886, -0.0001256901741726324, 0.029976578429341316, -0.021540137007832527, -0.042756207287311554, -0.033199239522218704, 0.014590702950954437, -0.04827890545129776, 0.044422272592782974, 0.010048466734588146, 0.04506303369998932, 0.01779959350824356, -0.009200029075145721, 0.0045126257464289665, 0.046466533094644547, 0.06952282786369324, 0.018560197204351425, -0.060833241790533066, 0.0037165323738008738, -0.037658337503671646, 0.00007591927715111524, 0.016200916841626167, -0.007540068589150906, -0.02354796975851059, -0.0025743457954376936, -0.0002594508696347475, 0.03310997039079666, -0.011764212511479855, 0.040339164435863495, 0.01619570516049862, 0.05256083607673645, 0.0384209044277668, 0.01612013392150402, -0.022111238911747932, -0.007270124740898609, 0.015530820935964584, 0.05834130197763443, 0.002351048169657588, -0.01474419329315424, 0.0019785771146416664, 0.0025696426164358854, 0.04525407403707504, -0.00621288176625967, 0.012691098265349865, 0.0997774749994278, -0.05147401988506317, 0.02956457808613777, -0.0015620698686689138, -0.04375677555799484, -0.015698540955781937, 0.04653257504105568, 0.030957834795117378, -0.0281920675188303, 0.017356179654598236, -0.018964506685733795, 0.0743657797574997, -0.0373745895922184, 0.06090196967124939, 0.013934189453721046, -0.030142726376652718, 0.01924130506813526, 0.03765397146344185, 0.0006732072797603905, 0.017613498494029045, 0.006136262323707342, 0.010721427388489246, 0.009806392714381218, -0.02735155262053013, -0.025252407416701317, 0.0005380123038776219, 0.05452308431267738, 0.004380732774734497, 0.022912533953785896, 0.005482438951730728, -0.0170183964073658, -0.0671880692243576, 0.06494709849357605, 0.049575075507164, 0.04389103129506111, -0.021621137857437134, 0.0058555640280246735, -0.03804177790880203, -0.03313881903886795, 0.027210988104343414, -0.007927963510155678, -0.0017759002512320876, -0.021760720759630203, 0.036143310368061066, 0.00458801444619894, -0.029436921700835228, 0.0797581747174263, 0.006933105178177357, 0.06162351369857788, -0.007214774843305349, -0.10442927479743958, -0.06542552262544632, 0.022202929481863976, -0.021454228088259697, 0.009085378609597683, -0.03090236335992813, -0.028900159522891045, 0.03160974383354187, -0.0011295657604932785, 0.03995984420180321, 0.03675146400928497, -0.013827573508024216, 0.025297587737441063, 0.0004614272911567241, -0.001029479200951755, -0.002985017839819193, -0.016056055203080177, -0.000642951054032892, -0.039237841963768005, -0.07501509040594101, 0.0074348123744130135, 0.01189673412591219, 0.02289898693561554, -0.00620703911408782, 0.05609317496418953, 0.0116068534553051, -0.018205702304840088, -0.009970659390091896, -0.00012652181612793356, -0.03492466360330582, 0.04829229414463043, 0.004089727066457272, 0.014718939550220966, -0.02600506693124771, 0.024974415078759193, 0.016159871593117714, 0.03622810170054436, 0.040332868695259094, 0.011141982860863209, -0.021554965525865555, 0.018197057768702507, -0.03621714934706688, 0.04258454963564873, 0.039062440395355225, -0.03774668648838997, 0.01140227448195219, -0.0482855848968029, -0.018379533663392067, 0.061737943440675735, 0.0016379737062379718, -0.015572142787277699, -0.05322267487645149, 0.07059592008590698, -0.04479824751615524, -0.026615047827363014, -0.03751439228653908, 0.016339419409632683, 0.02512272447347641, -0.012601080350577831, 0.018825706094503403, 0.011800022795796394, 0.01864977553486824, -0.042257603257894516, -0.03376056253910065, -0.011568264104425907, -0.016719071194529533, 0.0328766368329525, -0.036914099007844925, 0.012859907932579517, 0.05568646639585495, 0.02757256105542183, -0.023140883073210716, 0.035373758524656296, -0.021842796355485916, -0.021769005805253983, -0.024265654385089874, -0.030829664319753647, -0.015529586002230644, 0.016042601317167282, -0.01839478686451912, -0.020658031105995178, -0.011529162526130676, -0.01694798283278942, -0.008476502262055874, -0.06117803230881691, 0.0834195613861084, 0.09076650440692902, 0.02900380641222, -0.004672295413911343, -0.015708768740296364, 0.010617285966873169, -0.0018774352502077818, -0.05436263978481293, -0.033327896147966385, -0.042845774441957474, -0.015522590838372707, 0.06423328816890717, -0.03531821444630623, -0.049306973814964294, 0.02216201461851597, 0.0037687583826482296, -0.02750961109995842, 0.03593882918357849, 0.0045539457350969315, 0.003934120759367943, 0.009669958613812923, 0.011762713082134724, 0.010441464371979237, 0.03248077630996704, -0.019060973078012466, 0.014099211432039738, 0.0001294641406275332, 0.062231436371803284, -0.006125172134488821, 0.03185293450951576, -0.008008027449250221, 0.019602134823799133, -0.023373370990157127, -0.03511519357562065, -0.01222274824976921, 0.045684024691581726, -0.015492998994886875, 0.005703471135348082, -0.0012087250361219049, -0.012174851261079311, 0.015334890224039555, 0.03450192138552666, -0.026609940454363823, 0.015378301031887531, 0.05871851369738579, -0.04410654306411743, 0.04224495589733124, -0.002707145642489195, -0.02628420665860176, 0.012256107293069363, -0.009853087365627289, -0.05678236484527588, -0.04859619215130806, 0.01623721607029438, 0.04156063124537468, 0.00795376393944025, 0.03470352292060852, -0.02169075794517994, -0.0006451947265304625, -0.01967872865498066, 0.018587840721011162, 0.03922151029109955, 0.06356284022331238, -0.008368682116270065, -0.022195393219590187, 0.02028508111834526, -0.022021204233169556, 0.040431130677461624, -0.022998221218585968, -0.05429750308394432, 0.012210090644657612, -0.029864247888326645, -0.03625744208693504, -0.04427681863307953, 0.020588833838701248, -0.029320349916815758, 0.0014784213853999972, -0.016418293118476868, 0.035319529473781586, 0.008069472387433052, -0.0409802682697773, 0.027863746508955956, -0.05857395753264427, -0.005549538414925337, -0.04126307740807533, 0.007941758260130882, -0.008239655755460262, -0.015322779305279255, 0.0010914356680586934, 0.025204692035913467, -0.030741721391677856, -0.016326649114489555, -0.055833227932453156, -0.06437915563583374, 0.04217717796564102, 0.005617651157081127, 0.027826569974422455, 0.01231139525771141, -0.014460582286119461, 0.08922749757766724, 0.055686142295598984, -0.0160381980240345, -0.030247587710618973, -0.01629059948027134, -0.02341379225254059, -0.04376200586557388, -0.00456650648266077, -0.024920597672462463, 0.03322313353419304, 0.020128991454839706, -0.0186435729265213, 0.05664759501814842, 0.024379095062613487, -0.020192870870232582, -0.0197357889264822, 0.029047535732388496, -0.0018696921179071069, -0.009673058055341244, 0.05185982212424278, 0.04077371954917908, -0.03736041113734245, 0.011801007203757763, -0.014833318069577217, 0.0369160994887352, 0.02794630266726017, -0.07216080278158188, 0.005766086746007204, -0.012823824770748615, 0.01968291588127613, -0.015356378629803658, 0.012336190789937973, 0.029404789209365845, -0.03736623004078865, -0.026774704456329346, 0.007540857885032892, 0.01748541370034218, -0.026180844753980637, -0.0019664899446070194, 0.02481074072420597, 0.05068035423755646, 0.005517598241567612, -0.00881995540112257, -0.000517255743034184, -0.011959318071603775, 0.05597870796918869, 0.009975438006222248, 0.019959881901741028, 0.042803794145584106, 0.030026346445083618, 0.006363052874803543, -0.04514273256063461, -0.02262016013264656, -0.011150679551064968, -0.045867785811424255, 0.003220743965357542, -0.015182744711637497, 0.05775947496294975, 0.007622916717082262, 0.029849441722035408, 0.024471115320920944, -0.038598086684942245, -0.01003789808601141, 0.02760038897395134, -0.0394117496907711, 0.019206112250685692, -0.0030235068406909704, -0.030407406389713287, -0.001378769869916141, -0.04095449671149254, 0.0234336256980896, -0.036867886781692505, -0.008585801348090172, 0.004857465624809265, 0.03605548292398453, -0.030082115903496742, -0.008283151313662529, -0.03519042208790779, -0.008881072513759136, -0.02363923005759716, -0.017170140519738197, 0.01659446768462658, -0.025333436205983162, 0.002050758572295308, 0.002209882717579603, -0.027321593835949898, -0.01921824924647808, -0.02932475507259369, -0.011495419777929783, 0.013325374573469162, 0.026014115661382675, 0.031417425721883774, 0.025666534900665283, -0.04943260923027992, -0.00720817968249321, 0.011636900715529919, 0.06128711998462677, 0.009318615309894085, 0.037366028875112534, -0.02978472225368023, -0.03509436175227165, 0.015618564561009407, 0.03248390182852745, -0.0014434801414608955, 0.015440848655998707, -0.017601871863007545, 0.03515326604247093, 0.0008621644810773432, -0.09624713659286499, 0.016398342326283455, 0.012218950316309929, 0.02676677331328392, -0.011754116043448448, -0.00004158004230703227, -0.019659996032714844, 0.02496320754289627, -0.01922757364809513, 0.02940613217651844, 0.04758629947900772, 0.005779532715678215, -0.0036744759418070316, 0.07308446615934372, 0.039153024554252625, -0.024486124515533447, 0.00675372127443552, 0.0012144660577178001, 0.06302347779273987, -0.049087464809417725, -0.0027896626852452755, 0.03431960567831993, 0.010419048368930817, 0.031532447785139084, 0.00751202879473567, 0.041381627321243286, -0.0861794725060463, 0.019031791016459465, 0.046998828649520874, 0.01788300648331642, -0.021595928817987442, -0.006485166028141975, -0.05853170156478882, -0.04771989956498146, 0.026139969006180763, -0.027756912633776665, 0.010634947568178177, 0.024424515664577484, 0.011316963471472263, -0.021700967103242874, -0.035613175481557846, -0.009433090686798096, 0.01825711689889431, -0.006449946202337742, 0.018087228760123253, -0.01830243319272995, -0.022705715149641037, -0.019020168110728264, 0.037667423486709595, 0.020091986283659935, 0.06863466650247574, 0.01990177296102047, -0.041594527661800385, 0.05102081969380379, -0.009112710133194923, 0.0009566241642460227, -0.03386932983994484, 0.024823244661092758, 0.029586968943476677, 0.02291860058903694, 0.05084407702088356, 0.0006986483349464834, 0.003726391587406397, 0.03153703361749649, 0.01976621337234974, -0.011029119603335857, -0.023954859003424644, -0.01110535766929388, 0.03952280804514885, 0.005140929948538542, 0.014722039923071861, 0.06544741988182068, 0.05301763117313385, 0.014716141857206821, 0.027967877686023712, -0.04970189183950424, 0.024975966662168503, -0.004319159314036369, -0.04289950057864189, -0.04319914057850838, -0.02587944269180298, -0.006829657591879368, -0.014159164391458035, 0.03324687480926514, 0.020044181495904922, -0.022899728268384933, -0.004936872981488705, 0.04790576174855232, 0.011705879122018814, 0.005413710605353117, 0.015076776035130024, 0.011893803253769875, 0.04466482251882553, 0.014823241159319878, -0.010333755984902382, -0.0064934068359434605, -0.023189930245280266, -0.010821972973644733, -0.01995457336306572, -0.09286859631538391, 0.0037046477664262056, -0.07222245633602142, -0.02060571126639843, 0.04942462220788002, 0.01020471379160881, 0.05450337752699852, -0.004729201551526785, 0.013257857412099838, -0.013636913150548935, -0.03838102146983147, -0.00815850030630827, 0.0432787649333477, 0.014675582759082317, 0.06829787790775299, -0.04525808244943619, 0.07464124262332916, -0.01712050847709179, 0.031175460666418076, -0.07826070487499237, -0.028474384918808937, -0.0054806796833872795, 0.0032954937778413296, -0.02557848021388054, -0.051269467920064926, -0.021948015317320824, 0.011842568404972553, -0.0008763328078202903, 0.0002736530441325158, 0.07713712751865387, -0.011105084791779518, -0.026669049635529518, -0.024613570421934128, 0.0358705073595047, 0.031547270715236664, -0.0544358566403389, -0.0037752969656139612, 0.029507167637348175, -0.020841408520936966, -0.0007916803006082773, 0.0194093007594347, 0.008184216916561127, -0.02876884862780571, 0.006753535009920597, -0.044010549783706665, 0.028307020664215088, 0.049398813396692276, -0.02231779880821705, -0.030739111825823784, 0.01639537326991558, -0.0019587655551731586, -0.013189104385674, -0.011455131694674492, 0.010809594765305519, -0.030918095260858536, -0.0023856547195464373, -0.005849294364452362, 0.007866340689361095, -0.03488033637404442, 0.0016065629897639155, 0.03657921403646469, 0.006526326760649681, -0.00314825470559299, 0.018659189343452454, 0.0480596199631691, 0.00022893953428138047, -0.0082782544195652, -0.021645555272698402, -0.04014844447374344, 0.023148713633418083, 0.008912328630685806, -0.0008352968143299222, 0.01866324059665203, 0.03016067110002041, -0.0393855944275856, -0.03466695174574852, -0.05234178528189659, -0.04059479758143425, 0.03110196255147457, -0.013897915370762348, 0.024707073345780373, 0.04439103603363037, 0.006799464114010334, 0.010693409480154514, -0.052640289068222046, 0.011031020432710648, 0.028732499107718468, 0.018648801371455193, 0.043450020253658295, -0.0015327008441090584, 0.019071832299232483, 0.008896845392882824, 0.03316248208284378, -0.007756219711154699, 0.03098716214299202, 0.008765188977122307, 0.03314807265996933, 0.025737421587109566, -0.03043336421251297, -0.005721256136894226, 0.031675826758146286, -0.03440997004508972, -0.014801949262619019, -0.0055523039773106575, -0.014429757371544838, 0.008764808066189289, 0.009834702126681805, -0.013047496788203716, -0.06028961017727852, -0.005407347343862057, -0.0559329017996788, 0.027325177565217018, -0.002540675923228264, -0.038769081234931946, 0.015173100866377354, 0.003734953934326768, 0.06477507203817368, 0.004717391449958086, -0.007335370406508446, -0.027335403487086296, -0.05156011879444122, -0.03335116431117058, -0.03367099538445473, -0.0534651093184948, 0.021500904113054276, -0.008230134844779968, -0.033246297389268875, 0.017747867852449417, -0.03390352055430412, 0.011895019561052322, -0.008415956050157547, 0.04946976900100708, 0.005388664081692696, 0.08946840465068817, -0.0019604649860411882, 0.027637170627713203, -0.0020820582285523415, -0.014755992218852043, 0.12011951953172684, 0.07852396368980408, 0.039448466151952744, -0.07916224747896194, 0.029269393533468246, 0.034109268337488174, 0.006941142026335001, -0.002584263915196061, -0.008542914874851704, 0.0032983054406940937, 0.006016424857079983, 0.024946322664618492, 0.04294519126415253, -0.025324609130620956, 0.02717890404164791, 0.07246194034814835, -0.001825661864131689, -0.03699026629328728, 0.02495522052049637, -0.00014092025230638683, 0.005631531123071909, -0.0452582873404026, -0.029276706278324127, 0.05010860413312912, 0.026309344917535782, -0.05288403481245041, -0.012591925449669361, -0.026311727240681648, 0.024421101436018944, 0.020249735563993454, -0.03262844681739807, 0.014592076651751995, 0.014169861562550068, 0.023323671892285347, 0.008926046080887318, -0.01966298744082451, 0.015119679272174835, -0.0024295339826494455, 0.022898122668266296, 0.036815278232097626, 0.018002165481448174, -0.018835192546248436, 0.0006080034654587507, 0.0048604439944028854, -0.016206085681915283, -0.030759146437048912, -0.002575040329247713, 0.051250018179416656, -0.03826264664530754, -0.0008091061026789248, -0.026166429743170738, -0.021702270954847336, -0.003698232350870967, -0.018876396119594574, -0.02848353236913681, -0.009671889245510101, 0.04589831456542015, -0.002684234408661723, 0.01779007539153099, -0.0032290148083120584, -0.00425933999940753, -0.005753971636295319, 0.015432321466505527, 0.0275332760065794, -0.03319016844034195, -0.02293781004846096, -0.014109337702393532, 0.04803510755300522, 0.0040712133049964905, 0.010624554939568043, -0.00956615712493658, -0.02749742567539215, -0.006869467440992594, -0.005028145387768745, 0.014078781940042973, 0.013634838163852692, 0.027546599507331848, -0.017751481384038925, -0.014261647127568722, -0.01340941246598959, -0.05698011815547943, -0.010080613195896149, -0.0017667440697550774, -0.025002332404255867, -0.04034584015607834, -0.045620396733284, -0.005329456180334091, 0.04711124300956726, -0.010501312091946602, 0.03408520296216011, 0.012468397617340088, 0.03272627294063568, -0.005851869937032461, -0.0648939236998558, -0.00007740996079519391, 0.02130732499063015, -0.041357431560754776, 0.005289359018206596, 0.001564409234561026, 0.04722744971513748, 0.001034929184243083, 0.01691601052880287, 0.02957146242260933, 0.04484710097312927, 0.0024747345596551895, 0.017626972869038582, -0.004003610927611589, -0.047007959336042404, -0.028518041595816612, -0.011997935362160206, 0.04493159428238869, -0.03796733543276787, -0.006496594753116369, -0.028035085648298264, -0.03219624236226082, 0.043652381747961044, -0.01374899223446846, 0.003322539385408163, -0.004691300913691521, -0.03722526133060455, -0.015431518666446209, -0.016367560252547264, 0.008748806081712246, -0.06252873688936234, -0.019910700619220734, -0.03886061906814575, 0.0007917218608781695, -0.015564300119876862, -0.030758971348404884, -0.0018053558887913823, 0.04586878791451454, 0.04103042557835579, 0.011540201492607594, 0.014780323021113873, 0.011985362507402897, -0.002092240145429969, 0.002942425897344947, 0.03974457085132599, -0.0013928004773333669, -0.02270098589360714, 0.038163647055625916, -0.03262627497315407, -0.03232826292514801, -0.00023053841141518205, -0.017612440511584282, 0.020939884707331657, -0.010414985939860344, -0.0011507662711665034, -0.044150471687316895, 0.0363001674413681, -0.011320116929709911, -0.03132503479719162, -0.04232274740934372, 0.03417005017399788, -0.032107219099998474, 0.008245761506259441, 0.032844383269548416, 0.023574290797114372, -0.01728985272347927, -0.0013703713193535805, 0.027376845479011536, 0.02683621644973755, 0.015280029736459255, 0.0065688700415194035, 0.0013361244928091764, -0.01585901714861393, 0.04475707188248634, -0.007220757193863392, 0.027484776452183723, 0.07232982665300369, -0.03149120509624481, 0.017057111486792564, 0.0061522782780230045, -0.010492416098713875, -0.09133271872997284, -0.01782127283513546, 0.005354789085686207, -0.004045405425131321, 0.027271321043372154, -0.04675815626978874, -0.01608528010547161, 0.0685185119509697, -0.06187028810381889, 0.016226040199398994, -0.02230793796479702, 0.030133087188005447, -0.03257370367646217, 0.0017821971559897065, -0.006949829403311014, -0.005695163272321224, 0.0015095298876985908, 0.03611980006098747, 0.04430640861392021, 0.021594971418380737, -0.0008442509570159018, -0.03006124310195446, -0.013633775524795055, 0.01914793811738491, 0.06320572644472122, -0.05141393467783928, 0.05443158000707626, -0.025724859908223152, -0.002803533338010311, 0.021790049970149994, -0.04828254505991936, 0.009901425801217556, -0.012355723418295383, 0.036786723881959915, -0.01797064021229744, 0.08174446225166321, 0.040055740624666214, 0.014128259383141994, 0.018768848851323128, 0.012700132094323635, 0.0030194493010640144, -0.003401778172701597, -0.04859050735831261, 0.04841635748744011, 0.03882458433508873, -0.042415253818035126, -0.008264564909040928, 0.0369967557489872, -0.031657833606004715, -0.014490990899503231, 0.005144303664565086, 0.0051771788857877254, 0.01935422047972679, -0.02927129715681076, 0.00851459987461567, -0.02897910214960575, -0.0061196861788630486, 0.056090451776981354, 0.015667520463466644, -0.006986695341765881, 0.028870709240436554, -0.027804140001535416, -0.03231370076537132, -0.018315590918064117, 0.0029932770412415266, -0.003600161289796233, -0.054068177938461304, -0.019143102690577507, -0.03881536424160004, 0.0034889657981693745, -0.03309093415737152, 0.004343733657151461, -0.06609857827425003, 0.04074954614043236, -0.027341363951563835, 0.002692729700356722, 0.04187057912349701, 0.014169061556458473, -0.007555817253887653, -0.052668146789073944, 0.07312145084142685, 0.0341535322368145, 0.03086300753057003, -0.01698247529566288, -0.006564042065292597, -0.0002540152636356652, -0.015071624889969826, 0.03269856050610542, 0.029625210911035538, -0.015586134977638721, 0.00483292480930686, 0.021242359653115273, -0.012014812789857388, -0.06510207056999207, 0.03478274866938591, -0.005377639085054398, -0.058147966861724854, -0.018676195293664932, 0.01766473986208439, 0.016036834567785263, 0.0004141301615163684, 0.01013734471052885, -0.011696807108819485, 0.00016693158249836415, 0.0018992215627804399, 0.005972971208393574, 0.02238708920776844, -0.0028952856082469225, -0.052790284156799316, 0.027666816487908363, 0.010668568313121796, 0.03158774971961975, 0.03522330895066261, 0.007030798587948084, -0.029938606545329094, 0.02095627412199974, -0.0030908274929970503, -0.026990897953510284, 0.022616563364863396, -0.020374642685055733, -0.018058815971016884, -0.023707332089543343, 0.00332797528244555, -0.002782548777759075, -0.017156263813376427, 0.009060777723789215, 0.010926599614322186, -0.004284326918423176, 0.0442318357527256, 0.0198354572057724, 0.022021139040589333, 0.006409849971532822, 0.020417898893356323, 0.034157007932662964, 0.02347082458436489, -0.008333036676049232, -0.012646610848605633, -0.02549969218671322, -0.007869724184274673, -0.03191515430808067, 0.02897472493350506, 0.036548979580402374, 0.019803190603852272, -0.011694245971739292, -0.0333026759326458, 0.02488229237496853, -0.006440823897719383, 0.034821175038814545, -0.02378782257437706, 0.000841402739752084, 0.07607308775186539, -0.008114888332784176, -0.009506684727966785, -0.057717304676771164, -0.053798578679561615, 0.0025230329483747482, 0.009696219116449356, -0.008654637262225151, 0.030480889603495598, 0.006180485710501671, 0.0024138360749930143, -0.00907140877097845, 0.0054589491337537766, -0.0014418147038668394, -0.030116500332951546, 0.051293376833200455, 0.004501740448176861, -0.0136489886790514, -0.007851907052099705, -0.0396176315844059, 0.0003590029082261026, -0.03326869010925293, -0.01880917139351368, 0.03376850113272667, 0.028402579948306084, -0.031090473756194115, -0.07932624220848083, -0.014732444658875465, 0.025112062692642212, -0.036187708377838135, -0.0069870008155703545, -0.014591220766305923, -0.03372219577431679, -0.0029658027924597263, -0.0237133726477623 ]
<p>I am doing a leave-one-subject-out for a mixed-effects model for a longitudinal data analysis, in which the model is fitted to all subjects minus one at a time, and the left-out subject becomes validation data. </p> <p>The original model is formulated as:</p> <pre><code>model&lt;-lme(score~time*covariate,random=~time|subject, data=fulldata,...) </code></pre> <p>Then I create a loop to create training models from dataset leaving one-subject at a time, and use time &amp; covariate values of the left-out subjects to collect predicted scores for left-out subjects. </p> <p>The issue is predict(newmodel,left-out-subject-predictors,level(0:1)) gives output only for level 0, i.e. a population-level prediction, not a subject-level prediction.<br> The question has been partially answered here: </p> <p><a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/18971/cross-validation-for-mixed-models">Cross Validation for mixed models?</a></p> <p>, wherein it is recommended to assume random effect=0 to get a level 1 prediction. How may I specify out-of-sample random effect as zero when using predict function for left-out subject?</p>
74,114
[ -0.03267466649413109, -0.029012145474553108, -0.023864466696977615, -0.005719591397792101, -0.013916725292801857, -0.015244605951011181, -0.030331572517752647, -0.00272872275672853, 0.047760117799043655, -0.024186287075281143, 0.029281623661518097, 0.04524039849638939, 0.09051305055618286, 0.0029451006557792425, 0.022961027920246124, 0.010111779905855656, 0.0018329606391489506, -0.012034490704536438, 0.0016676051309332252, -0.023885922506451607, -0.008961156010627747, 0.0187594685703516, 0.004047777503728867, 0.003372506471350789, -0.00638282997533679, 0.028272250667214394, 0.029212122783064842, -0.04625481367111206, 0.005479244980961084, 0.02188141644001007, -0.040923334658145905, -0.03809324651956558, -0.008979115635156631, 0.01055089570581913, 0.004973199684172869, -0.012510094791650772, -0.018376845866441727, -0.040210381150245667, 0.017953243106603622, 0.009473730809986591, -0.012867373414337635, -0.01751445047557354, -0.008589456789195538, 0.06949374824762344, -0.011522369459271431, 0.014466805383563042, -0.024387793615460396, 0.02474898286163807, 0.06758011877536774, -0.0263396967202425, 0.044651683419942856, -0.02377103455364704, 0.04290355369448662, 0.015843039378523827, -0.012562807649374008, -0.0015092350076884031, 0.06726080924272537, 0.050894200801849365, 0.014358000829815865, -0.04024970158934593, -0.04255465790629387, -0.029832081869244576, 0.021060621365904808, 0.027371594682335854, -0.025952782481908798, -0.024406172335147858, 0.011151005513966084, 0.013154164887964725, 0.031731944531202316, -0.05739495903253555, 0.03559856861829758, 0.005603963043540716, 0.034123919904232025, -0.008934239856898785, 0.059551652520895004, -0.0034216793719679117, 0.021000372245907784, 0.007649719715118408, 0.03378082811832428, 0.036184024065732956, -0.02654959075152874, 0.01253295224159956, 0.028406525030732155, 0.02938530035316944, -0.02294648066163063, -0.019030863419175148, 0.06351610273122787, -0.016893187537789345, 0.016408562660217285, 0.04321204498410225, -0.022849982604384422, 0.013060512952506542, 0.04162314906716347, -0.004062462132424116, -0.03870152309536934, 0.06509841978549957, 0.010348387993872166, 0.05030595138669014, 0.0047873882576823235, -0.02162543684244156, 0.00481709698215127, -0.05486674979329109, 0.031155934557318687, 0.03992602229118347, -0.014842553064227104, 0.010360258631408215, -0.011586915701627731, -0.014033390209078789, 0.010810505598783493, -0.02372269704937935, -0.005792644806206226, 0.03165941685438156, 0.007565830834209919, -0.00405799550935626, -0.004868393298238516, -0.021580781787633896, 0.01500890776515007, -0.018868248909711838, 0.04643968492746353, 0.03488602861762047, 0.05600171536207199, -0.005758458748459816, 0.008349394425749779, -0.027445461601018906, -0.035523708909749985, -0.03976043313741684, -0.011011580936610699, -0.02700924500823021, -0.04063785448670387, 0.05832483619451523, 0.009573322720825672, -0.022215496748685837, 0.05879206210374832, 0.011353359557688236, 0.021215423941612244, -0.022944524884223938, -0.06746187061071396, -0.03304159268736839, -0.0026999525725841522, -0.02450539357960224, 0.03894297406077385, -0.03643561527132988, -0.03689679875969887, -0.02406780607998371, 0.057319413870573044, 0.002284424379467964, 0.030242158100008965, 0.02608487941324711, 0.03626066818833351, -0.006883414462208748, -0.02417873404920101, 0.0067712124437093735, -0.06137003004550934, -0.0020079975947737694, -0.05354482680559158, -0.07060802727937698, 0.03433428332209587, 0.025803398340940475, -0.022155361250042915, 0.021491197869181633, 0.018625525757670403, -0.032718293368816376, 0.002867793897166848, -0.024279266595840454, 0.03236735612154007, -0.04706283658742905, 0.05071841925382614, -0.009022650308907032, 0.06319449841976166, 0.035868629813194275, 0.02751694805920124, -0.001349030528217554, 0.013407435268163681, 0.055913712829351425, 0.005252016242593527, 0.004406773950904608, 0.001999737462028861, 0.005818400997668505, 0.009113495238125324, 0.02038460597395897, -0.043329186737537384, -0.0016500991769134998, -0.0195004865527153, -0.00996273010969162, -0.001068483921699226, 0.042641498148441315, -0.009216616861522198, 0.011923453770577908, 0.03221405670046806, -0.023214422166347504, -0.024365542456507683, -0.08265618234872818, 0.013340565375983715, 0.03646641597151756, 0.0017124461010098457, 0.01392753142863512, -0.023997599259018898, 0.03642519563436508, -0.0027495038229972124, -0.009451253339648247, -0.05961854010820389, 0.0037041648756712675, 0.02108057402074337, -0.043172936886548996, 0.02735687606036663, 0.031284164637327194, 0.02949928119778633, -0.002898860489949584, 0.04972739517688751, -0.010328934527933598, -0.02153032273054123, -0.005339588969945908, -0.0353071391582489, 0.02155231684446335, -0.03815196827054024, -0.00985898170620203, 0.0014668497024104, -0.01714492402970791, -0.008849848061800003, 0.030600788071751595, -0.02428647316992283, 0.061722103506326675, 0.08636175841093063, -0.024859493598341942, -0.013733651489019394, 0.012627337127923965, 0.043632082641124725, 0.008156021125614643, -0.03728065639734268, -0.03247937187552452, -0.04045576974749565, -0.06671338528394699, 0.055379632860422134, -0.0019643923733383417, -0.006138697732239962, 0.00969479139894247, 0.05097739398479462, -0.014270973391830921, 0.03391555696725845, 0.028408102691173553, -0.008640392683446407, -0.007474674377590418, 0.05383589118719101, 0.028911806643009186, -0.01488605234771967, -0.015463972464203835, 0.02928737923502922, -0.02482219971716404, 0.0301083754748106, 0.0433996245265007, 0.025121333077549934, 0.039469387382268906, 0.03831259533762932, 0.00418890593573451, -0.03615134209394455, -0.01922546699643135, 0.021626781672239304, -0.016115885227918625, 0.016674991697072983, 0.03483422473073006, 0.03984735906124115, -0.014902012422680855, 0.009485974907875061, -0.017635328695178032, 0.03033619001507759, 0.04928673803806305, -0.0029595119412988424, 0.019767146557569504, -0.0017335544107481837, -0.04715904965996742, 0.002688032342121005, -0.00662429491057992, -0.04542108252644539, -0.05258829891681671, 0.03211842104792595, 0.03635647892951965, -0.011170989833772182, 0.010377385653555393, -0.07800183445215225, -0.0032079508528113365, 0.006809525657445192, -0.007221578620374203, 0.0569787472486496, -0.0047076488845050335, -0.02223382145166397, -0.014776278287172318, -0.02528514340519905, -0.01129548903554678, 0.03800482302904129, 0.031230658292770386, -0.018224632367491722, 0.011021721176803112, -0.03142189607024193, -0.05717926099896431, -0.07563361525535583, -0.03479905426502228, 0.006757746916264296, -0.0013275319943204522, -0.03607044368982315, 0.04433944821357727, 0.038072772324085236, -0.0338953360915184, 0.014060474000871181, -0.010470696724951267, 0.022843752056360245, -0.01649964228272438, -0.005703538656234741, 0.018139706924557686, -0.00538523169234395, 0.024565519765019417, 0.030030330643057823, -0.015368331223726273, -0.008149910718202591, -0.07180458307266235, -0.07897075265645981, 0.023604338988661766, 0.02532111667096615, -0.004119281657040119, 0.03680763393640518, -0.0010654275538399816, 0.07633485645055771, 0.017822356894612312, 0.001222877181135118, -0.0459732860326767, -0.014802875928580761, -0.000525526178535074, -0.036860108375549316, 0.007189916446805, -0.024715915322303772, 0.0060897208750247955, 0.04549668729305267, -0.026709511876106262, 0.015654470771551132, 0.04789771884679794, 0.01884583756327629, -0.01775369793176651, -0.027835316956043243, 0.009534697979688644, 0.008421739563345909, 0.011197519488632679, 0.008896410465240479, 0.022232310846447945, 0.012166164815425873, -0.05195141211152077, 0.05322917550802231, -0.022267574444413185, -0.060831762850284576, 0.0027879292611032724, -0.04336027801036835, 0.01596784219145775, -0.02991635352373123, 0.05491597205400467, -0.002031206153333187, -0.05273912474513054, -0.0404551662504673, 0.013466809876263142, 0.0470145046710968, -0.022383306175470352, 0.009203540161252022, 0.04353363811969757, 0.010135071352124214, -0.01778658851981163, -0.005410429090261459, -0.022794922813773155, 0.011911468580365181, 0.028096336871385574, -0.006566276773810387, 0.020974770188331604, 0.0447038933634758, 0.023578543215990067, 0.009194956161081791, -0.01946398988366127, -0.023043932393193245, 0.011827184818685055, -0.061590902507305145, 0.04928184673190117, -0.02993055060505867, 0.0754259005188942, 0.01186117809265852, 0.047476354986429214, 0.024877961724996567, -0.02887563779950142, -0.0323551669716835, 0.024741729721426964, -0.027166858315467834, 0.0329495407640934, -0.02008047141134739, 0.004949530120939016, -0.007743713911622763, 0.017700931057333946, 0.010548461228609085, -0.02024112641811371, -0.027088787406682968, -0.009283863008022308, 0.040953587740659714, 0.014214408583939075, -0.008204419165849686, -0.026568269357085228, -0.01730005070567131, -0.04368949681520462, 0.0008973389049060643, 0.003604627912864089, -0.022826161235570908, 0.0008158684941008687, 0.05112211033701897, 0.0356934480369091, -0.020096302032470703, -0.061826497316360474, -0.02098383940756321, -0.007426364812999964, 0.046392232179641724, 0.05130653455853462, -0.014521770179271698, -0.06143597885966301, 0.03173833340406418, 0.00024236028548330069, 0.020729653537273407, 0.04036588966846466, 0.009823713451623917, -0.012650427408516407, -0.03424210846424103, -0.016598662361502647, 0.01874152012169361, -0.004086214583367109, 0.005857714917510748, 0.004541602451354265, 0.05087471380829811, 0.014570270664989948, -0.033337220549583435, 0.03969840332865715, 0.09801020473241806, 0.02224954590201378, 0.024629740044474602, -0.027954936027526855, 0.031111422926187515, 0.005013377405703068, -0.01870146580040455, 0.03311344236135483, 0.009177884086966515, 0.04312817007303238, -0.0010597922373563051, 0.014104895293712616, -0.0017431032611057162, -0.0005552927614189684, 0.0038505499251186848, 0.038451433181762695, 0.059462692588567734, 0.01763112284243107, -0.011164437048137188, -0.019008709117770195, 0.034273792058229446, 0.047847919166088104, 0.02300873026251793, 0.014747092500329018, -0.08568120002746582, -0.023271821439266205, 0.01864333264529705, 0.05541122332215309, -0.02758515439927578, -0.01782468520104885, -0.05011340603232384, -0.0011056669754907489, 0.003463611239567399, -0.010729894042015076, -0.006367047317326069, 0.0032662153244018555, 0.0023359099868685007, 0.004426739644259214, -0.010285249911248684, -0.07112327963113785, 0.004626480396836996, -0.038718800991773605, 0.05074061453342438, 0.004278059117496014, -0.02397269569337368, -0.02537246234714985, 0.0071457792073488235, 0.012126940302550793, 0.049365028738975525, -0.027678294107317924, -0.02154197357594967, 0.019566385075449944, -0.004632717464119196, -0.0052497293800115585, -0.05371781811118126, -0.004839178174734116, -0.0006486150668933988, 0.021087193861603737, 0.04768628254532814, -0.018136806786060333, -0.027786152437329292, 0.02847033180296421, 0.056244008243083954, -0.011811109259724617, -0.01948997564613819, -0.048511553555727005, 0.03053850680589676, -0.012317526154220104, 0.015227576717734337, 0.04850993677973747, 0.05299358814954758, 0.03955811634659767, -0.013577902689576149, -0.01776437647640705, -0.006947366055101156, -0.019251588732004166, -0.05758350342512131, -0.0837085172533989, -0.02961016073822975, -0.02101738378405571, 0.008751390501856804, -0.03928264603018761, 0.024186260998249054, -0.04456527158617973, -0.043200403451919556, 0.013621374033391476, 0.06463892012834549, -0.020125433802604675, -0.010235114954411983, 0.009221748448908329, -0.012665134854614735, -0.026517385616898537, 0.014483602717518806, 0.004626771900802851, -0.03886587917804718, 0.012256323359906673, 0.011715817265212536, -0.03334557265043259, 0.017270514741539955, 0.026975849643349648, -0.03435017913579941, 0.010982295498251915, -0.02492901310324669, 0.016387687996029854, 0.004719673655927181, 0.05590615049004555, -0.03008970245718956, -0.018618309870362282, 0.006155957002192736, 0.031206944957375526, -0.00629847589880228, 0.017258182168006897, -0.0036764710675925016, -0.020025698468089104, -0.012990991584956646, -0.016220388934016228, -0.07338882237672806, -0.04673290252685547, -0.010824212804436684, -0.0024617910385131836, 0.0037006225902587175, -0.022303126752376556, -0.03819434344768524, -0.05505356565117836, 0.0209219828248024, -0.006421898491680622, 0.044872067868709564, -0.03300173580646515, 0.015718717128038406, -0.011056497693061829, 0.010109353810548782, 0.049887657165527344, 0.02572929672896862, -0.005816472228616476, 0.005441306158900261, -0.00502754794433713, -0.05181503668427467, 0.02637002244591713, 0.026745876297354698, -0.032399121671915054, 0.013505097478628159, -0.0472511425614357, 0.002948057372123003, 0.046121664345264435, -0.011093735694885254, -0.02496950328350067, 0.011981111951172352, -0.008954213932156563, 0.023765748366713524, -0.03850959986448288, 0.001074481406249106, -0.002742673270404339, 0.00430516479536891, -0.01648055575788021, 0.03708506375551224, -0.016026049852371216, -0.013131588697433472, 0.048684362322092056, -0.04639348015189171, 0.0038200223352760077, 0.007547102868556976, 0.05666413530707359, 0.005181708838790655, 0.0046387724578380585, -0.005287758074700832, -0.02744334749877453, 0.03487557917833328, 0.014930818229913712, -0.006345018744468689, 0.020114663988351822, 0.013929408974945545, -0.046079110354185104, -0.012739964760839939, -0.017606206238269806, -0.023137515410780907, 0.03876826539635658, -0.022581327706575394, 0.011344732716679573, 0.008925030939280987, -0.02410741336643696, -0.02673412300646305, -0.0691937655210495, -0.0146387480199337, 0.0018627451499924064, 0.016124872490763664, 0.05408129468560219, -0.0010768522042781115, -0.011344660073518753, 0.011928940191864967, 0.007001626770943403, 0.027354491874575615, 0.05831111595034599, 0.021550975739955902, 0.011405455879867077, 0.02709164284169674, 0.005642435047775507, -0.02884979546070099, 0.02492034249007702, -0.018696308135986328, -0.015996595844626427, -0.012511584907770157, -0.03909404203295708, 0.024714002385735512, 0.05271536111831665, 0.014395397156476974, -0.04634574055671692, -0.001153447781689465, -0.04703031852841377, 0.02735643833875656, 0.031105155125260353, -0.0034306442830711603, 0.029877543449401855, -0.016870487481355667, 0.030264269560575485, 0.002549022901803255, 0.024206459522247314, -0.04548206925392151, -0.06022173911333084, -0.034638889133930206, -0.0606086291372776, 0.0016718690749257803, 0.023740561679005623, -0.004954506177455187, -0.011986943893134594, 0.00859919935464859, -0.02040763385593891, 0.053821712732315063, -0.016231395304203033, 0.03273949399590492, -0.007676077075302601, 0.022795073688030243, 0.025790121406316757, -0.00009133162529906258, -0.021485861390829086, 0.030259162187576294, 0.15724682807922363, 0.09117884933948517, 0.054707013070583344, -0.08796758949756622, 0.008405487053096294, -0.001014149165712297, -0.013554691337049007, -0.010808484628796577, 0.00006261302769416943, -0.002001828048378229, -0.030749857425689697, 0.018707921728491783, 0.02411659061908722, 0.03232131525874138, 0.018468763679265976, 0.03799569234251976, -0.044217828661203384, -0.0017091333866119385, -0.004026893991976976, -0.000268211355432868, 0.017781998962163925, -0.054581835865974426, 0.00048699439503252506, 0.010480516590178013, -0.0060545471496880054, -0.029069114476442337, -0.023909756913781166, -0.0077118356712162495, 0.0009369879844598472, -0.0008302505011670291, -0.01694338768720627, 0.012890133075416088, -0.004761974327266216, 0.004475139081478119, 0.014407351613044739, -0.03341428562998772, 0.00945455301553011, 0.006092394702136517, 0.02932552434504032, 0.04510298743844032, -0.011880707927048206, -0.007782808970659971, 0.023526495322585106, 0.011786773800849915, -0.041291650384664536, -0.03222356364130974, -0.006457597017288208, 0.07065953314304352, -0.038493022322654724, -0.013912326656281948, -0.011457647196948528, -0.033318646252155304, 0.021209493279457092, -0.02685377188026905, -0.038294121623039246, 0.02708754874765873, 0.017560483887791634, -0.00030630259425379336, -0.006592930760234594, -0.024856816977262497, 0.021395118907094002, -0.0026455458719283342, 0.027182063087821007, 0.0031066678930073977, -0.030474254861474037, -0.0011960460105910897, -0.026917263865470886, 0.03839278221130371, 0.00913151353597641, 0.02073100209236145, 0.030327821150422096, -0.0187742467969656, -0.021943191066384315, -0.002293052850291133, 0.06914445757865906, 0.0023836055770516396, 0.025082040578126907, -0.03916846215724945, 0.0013196337968111038, -0.0428302139043808, -0.052827876061201096, 0.0010071841534227133, -0.008559457026422024, -0.00615871325135231, -0.018982695415616035, -0.02078842744231224, -0.01774432882666588, 0.04513596370816231, -0.017750732600688934, -0.013074577786028385, -0.014135879464447498, 0.04600825905799866, -0.03321635350584984, -0.05756710469722748, -0.027201445773243904, 0.026631206274032593, -0.03941376879811287, 0.03174126148223877, -0.002286558272317052, 0.056905705481767654, 0.008552443236112595, 0.043526776134967804, -0.03712086379528046, 0.05174509063363075, 0.004496623296290636, -0.007730197161436081, 0.03403763473033905, -0.009720921516418457, 0.0008563143201172352, 0.00019131663430016488, 0.011683059856295586, -0.014788529835641384, -0.023755429312586784, -0.058877523988485336, -0.047977760434150696, 0.02731979638338089, -0.013601413927972317, -0.02743295393884182, 0.006004652474075556, -0.02333885431289673, -0.007348964456468821, -0.01640167646110058, -0.012733260169625282, -0.02916140854358673, -0.013380990363657475, 0.008527430705726147, -0.06367100775241852, 0.01048967707902193, 0.011031616479158401, -0.01076593715697527, -0.009410100989043713, 0.012433314695954323, -0.01314309611916542, -0.0028591533191502094, 0.006521605420857668, -0.0021765250712633133, -0.017832651734352112, 0.0450810007750988, 0.004992344416677952, -0.026095151901245117, 0.019159862771630287, -0.018704261630773544, -0.05727516487240791, 0.023731855675578117, 0.02772192656993866, 0.04112957417964935, 0.03625461459159851, 0.0007691043429076672, -0.014665542170405388, 0.030092043802142143, -0.027413781732320786, -0.04196026176214218, -0.012775050476193428, 0.038775064051151276, 0.012262033298611641, -0.0015551034593954682, 0.013204026967287064, 0.030158722773194313, 0.011548387818038464, 0.03405454754829407, 0.03875500336289406, 0.02151249721646309, -0.014380063861608505, 0.00840179342776537, -0.010657795704901218, 0.04442540183663368, 0.02889936976134777, 0.040086373686790466, -0.002284408314153552, 0.06449751555919647, -0.0097187589854002, 0.029241112992167473, 0.005450049415230751, 0.009674040600657463, -0.11384379863739014, -0.046303439885377884, -0.01226900052279234, 0.04031870514154434, 0.005988359451293945, -0.027100741863250732, -0.03464963659644127, 0.051321204751729965, -0.023814795538783073, 0.009470234625041485, 0.019101636484265327, -0.001960966270416975, -0.019074641168117523, 0.016871001571416855, -0.025769421830773354, -0.04093586653470993, 0.029361430555582047, -0.0028315894305706024, 0.022679796442389488, 0.010569676756858826, 0.010712898336350918, -0.03918614983558655, -0.03133952245116234, 0.02823198400437832, 0.033239539712667465, -0.056786537170410156, 0.02633543685078621, -0.018058717250823975, -0.03823203966021538, 0.01565537415444851, -0.0019695984665304422, 0.00872222799807787, 0.028849879279732704, 0.030651038512587547, -0.003417249070480466, 0.04490717500448227, 0.04791088402271271, -0.0013307052431628108, 0.02803555503487587, 0.010941799730062485, 0.008904877118766308, 0.019223324954509735, -0.05002005770802498, 0.02936016023159027, 0.006272862199693918, -0.004479729104787111, -0.04159330949187279, 0.05856233090162277, -0.04228786751627922, -0.04334135726094246, -0.0074372924864292145, 0.020732326433062553, -0.011587942019104958, -0.07756424695253372, -0.017620578408241272, -0.015417495742440224, -0.005298495292663574, 0.054966893047094345, 0.02309449575841427, -0.021103519946336746, 0.018777189776301384, -0.032780859619379044, -0.035776715725660324, -0.005787346046417952, 0.00307086412794888, -0.030458670109510422, -0.060011863708496094, -0.026584520936012268, -0.034505296498537064, -0.00009905144543154165, -0.03465826064348221, 0.008962671272456646, -0.03843854367733002, 0.011175627820193768, -0.017675919458270073, 0.02259526029229164, 0.01626192405819893, -0.007705428171902895, -0.009484647773206234, -0.0754169300198555, 0.06844261288642883, 0.025747060775756836, -0.02259538695216179, -0.06355011463165283, -0.008929707109928131, -0.0277100782841444, 0.010100742802023888, 0.05615929141640663, 0.05525555461645126, 0.00886906124651432, 0.021281210705637932, 0.03448484465479851, -0.020357025787234306, -0.015113151632249355, 0.05990823358297348, 0.005225313827395439, 0.010894903913140297, -0.011305862106382847, -0.024058183655142784, -0.019760923460125923, 0.01788007654249668, 0.02295498363673687, -0.017906159162521362, 0.01703532412648201, -0.0013333805836737156, 0.0005534127703867853, 0.03503585234284401, 0.022110888734459877, 0.003792141331359744, 0.02264615148305893, -0.01367511972784996, 0.018861860036849976, 0.0166589617729187, 0.006333550438284874, -0.039594609290361404, 0.01555540319532156, -0.07607348263263702, -0.026193207129836082, -0.004167519975453615, 0.015121319331228733, -0.01780424639582634, -0.05353784188628197, 0.046583663672208786, 0.042279042303562164, -0.012982338666915894, 0.02013072744011879, 0.035404350608587265, 0.032414358109235764, 0.03808256611227989, -0.0028664988931268454, -0.015148472040891647, 0.026545923203229904, 0.010200362652540207, 0.04499080777168274, 0.039785925298929214, 0.01845393143594265, -0.017673198133707047, -0.002361694350838661, 0.016002429649233818, -0.0023440758232027292, 0.004522329196333885, -0.020644471049308777, 0.0771186575293541, -0.0279872827231884, -0.030577288940548897, 0.02117590792477131, -0.007357185240834951, 0.02351560816168785, -0.03260617330670357, -0.029123300686478615, 0.05366361886262894, -0.039263442158699036, 0.016026681289076805, -0.07170860469341278, -0.025600392371416092, 0.013836978003382683, 0.027001554146409035, 0.009256004355847836, 0.05587691441178322, -0.022029656916856766, -0.008193944580852985, -0.00803540088236332, -0.05047529563307762, 0.016212381422519684, -0.031210262328386307, -0.01052516233175993, -0.006605474278330803, -0.028350768610835075, -0.008872042410075665, -0.047857705503702164, -0.014243346638977528, -0.016135822981595993, -0.00969143956899643, 0.04036783427000046, 0.04749380052089691, -0.055785588920116425, -0.006519837770611048, -0.00302991084754467, 0.04088466987013817, -0.05672743543982506, -0.008305431343615055, -0.042251743376255035, 0.032944485545158386, -0.02748074196279049, 0.008808507584035397 ]
<p>I have built and refined a regression model using the <code>ordinal</code> package in <code>R</code>. The measure is $0&gt;1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;4&gt;5$ (Yes/No questions) and is repeated every 10 minutes for an hour (episode) within the same person, twice a week for up to 6 weeks, but average 3 weeks. I have 6000 such observations on 1000 hours for 150 people.</p> <p>When I built a univariate model using number of questions $(0-5)$ answered as the dependent variable and say, Gender as the independent variable, with random intercepts for person and episode I interpreted the coefficients as "Difference in the proportional log-odds of one extra question being answered on average over all timepoints".</p> <p>My question is: Is that valid, or have I made unsupportable assumptions due to the nature of the mixed effects model for which I am not accounting.</p> <p>Incidentally I can completely recommend the "ordinal" package, although it is in development, and has minor difficulties with convergence for some unstandardised parameters.</p>
74,115
[ -0.04060807824134827, -0.02750960737466812, 0.016030676662921906, 0.006950215436518192, 0.0288818571716547, -0.012395252473652363, -0.008842664770781994, -0.03208956494927406, 0.026327557861804962, -0.02770715393126011, 0.02341432310640812, 0.011450438760221004, 0.04843294247984886, 0.011560150422155857, 0.022705327719449997, 0.005686039570719004, -0.01862959936261177, 0.03349151834845543, 0.0011276387376710773, -0.003413435770198703, -0.042009904980659485, 0.013506196439266205, 0.018789026886224747, -0.036595698446035385, -0.026059746742248535, 0.07348693162202835, 0.01395812164992094, -0.028149588033556938, 0.005743040237575769, 0.02840499021112919, 0.0045522889122366905, -0.019829289987683296, 0.020832184702157974, 0.025995202362537384, 0.032689232379198074, 0.00552850728854537, -0.02481355518102646, 0.012915541417896748, 0.010495889000594616, 0.03864976018667221, -0.011422539129853249, -0.03850746154785156, -0.03450900316238403, 0.01603802479803562, -0.0064474246464669704, 0.0008532549836672843, 0.012278036214411259, -0.0024348064325749874, 0.04669652879238129, -0.02673593908548355, 0.07249342650175095, -0.027963560074567795, 0.04042069613933563, 0.0041143945418298244, -0.01839420758187771, 0.013291814364492893, 0.05684800446033478, 0.06784047186374664, -0.022049972787499428, -0.025097651407122612, -0.035226017236709595, -0.030022136867046356, 0.02639671415090561, 0.026533957570791245, -0.05508331209421158, 0.002298301085829735, -0.006545487325638533, -0.012852995656430721, 0.011764769442379475, -0.02524280548095703, 0.01787867769598961, 0.052867989987134933, 0.06300179660320282, -0.0037972712889313698, -0.018979579210281372, -0.02812102809548378, -0.006196595728397369, 0.009618271142244339, 0.028670890256762505, 0.06216232478618622, -0.03087582066655159, -0.004774842876940966, 0.01689312234520912, 0.03068717010319233, 0.009661435149610043, -0.031529951840639114, 0.05178321897983551, -0.031541433185338974, 0.033977530896663666, 0.02983936294913292, -0.01998385414481163, 0.016154097393155098, 0.018536299467086792, 0.04312211647629738, -0.04252782464027405, 0.06397101283073425, -0.02454557456076145, 0.03248464688658714, 0.017650406807661057, 0.028218723833560944, 0.0004274684761185199, -0.04389888793230057, 0.007533573545515537, 0.03777063265442848, -0.038220588117837906, -0.009428966790437698, -0.035802047699689865, -0.002017353195697069, 0.007585213519632816, -0.04865100979804993, -0.019645553082227707, 0.016258439049124718, 0.0014251975808292627, -0.007921300828456879, 0.0051589300855994225, -0.018292909488081932, -0.001165138790383935, -0.021900607272982597, 0.07310222834348679, 0.0753055214881897, 0.05084288492798805, -0.03559700399637222, 0.04144774004817009, -0.049524907022714615, -0.04326138272881508, -0.005509940441697836, -0.009262668900191784, -0.023857438936829567, -0.03777860850095749, 0.05197207257151604, 0.022004416212439537, -0.0033598076552152634, 0.07806700468063354, 0.0231055598706007, 0.04481052607297897, 0.001501233084127307, -0.07188083976507187, -0.035842329263687134, 0.01237840112298727, 0.01906835287809372, 0.017139434814453125, -0.060442522168159485, -0.00346296071074903, 0.019358083605766296, 0.04612406715750694, -0.012818499468266964, 0.04335431754589081, 0.02118835039436817, 0.01868477463722229, 0.0278372373431921, -0.04044373333454132, 0.003585284575819969, -0.040944427251815796, -0.028942326083779335, -0.005750350188463926, -0.10261093080043793, 0.022136420011520386, 0.0280914269387722, -0.014424881897866726, 0.031618632376194, 0.04343295842409134, 0.029728204011917114, -0.009106474928557873, 0.010420423932373524, 0.005986311938613653, -0.031935229897499084, 0.06761032342910767, -0.05505048483610153, 0.05209971219301224, 0.008743472397327423, 0.02825015038251877, -0.005551759619265795, 0.018997354432940483, 0.03534763306379318, 0.020967844873666763, -0.016979238018393517, 0.014798910357058048, -0.009165544994175434, 0.010764137841761112, 0.031036002561450005, -0.04187002778053284, 0.015187653712928295, -0.029410870745778084, -0.017888231202960014, 0.010550228878855705, 0.010725103318691254, 0.000018621974959387444, -0.016992315649986267, 0.030378859490156174, -0.020036498084664345, -0.07825446128845215, -0.04916194826364517, -0.015194421634078026, 0.003922407981008291, -0.0027579262387007475, 0.031142855063080788, -0.055965207517147064, 0.04652208834886551, 0.0024068024940788746, -0.009535088203847408, -0.03533370792865753, 0.011489386670291424, 0.051291726529598236, -0.02942848578095436, 0.009749595075845718, 0.07407578080892563, 0.015311223454773426, 0.015496447682380676, 0.038356222212314606, -0.021197596564888954, -0.0662974938750267, 0.003463475964963436, -0.019917132332921028, 0.011828083544969559, -0.030087068676948547, 0.010082836262881756, 0.040713321417570114, 0.010736905969679356, -0.028715983033180237, 0.04942653700709343, -0.06757508963346481, 0.07883346825838089, 0.03727596998214722, -0.013644064776599407, -0.026476174592971802, 0.012340727262198925, -0.0017563962610438466, -0.00658536609262228, -0.01973118633031845, -0.027287419885396957, -0.037495534867048264, 0.003744198475033045, 0.026528140529990196, -0.008473457768559456, -0.03437747061252594, 0.03667113557457924, 0.04705996811389923, 0.006828113924711943, -0.0002245201903861016, 0.013403489254415035, 0.01798838935792446, -0.029457179829478264, 0.01079297624528408, 0.027545271441340446, 0.015256726182997227, 0.0551130436360836, -0.005264581181108952, -0.031093468889594078, 0.02424786053597927, 0.0067288801074028015, 0.03409847989678383, 0.010013166815042496, -0.003090259851887822, 0.03913888335227966, -0.02294015884399414, 0.0302675012499094, 0.029577000066637993, -0.014725632965564728, 0.007629174739122391, 0.052701033651828766, 0.031001297757029533, 0.003584896679967642, 0.00856903288513422, 0.009789818897843361, 0.025068704038858414, 0.03813556209206581, -0.0752076581120491, 0.004266826435923576, 0.019415220245718956, -0.030164914205670357, -0.009787296876311302, -0.046056490391492844, -0.025398775935173035, -0.025277964770793915, -0.01369723491370678, -0.0073557146824896336, 0.0044079492799937725, 0.00682279234752059, -0.031843144446611404, 0.011059277690947056, 0.022626085206866264, -0.007643555756658316, 0.030474523082375526, -0.02412593364715576, -0.07429622858762741, -0.03387702256441116, -0.026558080688118935, -0.011795894242823124, 0.010058064013719559, -0.0205406304448843, -0.015269924886524677, 0.04081344231963158, 0.001085832598619163, -0.04110557213425636, -0.047059524804353714, 0.0018905890174210072, 0.01748964935541153, -0.010238992050290108, -0.020845113322138786, 0.03896128758788109, 0.015410919673740864, -0.014184621162712574, -0.01346405129879713, -0.05272283777594566, 0.002214390318840742, -0.026491472497582436, -0.0151923056691885, 0.02562525123357773, 0.027487991377711296, -0.0025556772015988827, 0.029083063825964928, -0.030361205339431763, -0.014149768278002739, -0.10593815892934799, -0.055697668343782425, 0.02136974036693573, -0.0002501879062037915, 0.028376897796988487, 0.021633191034197807, -0.012047573924064636, 0.04926314204931259, 0.016012042760849, -0.025920743122696877, -0.052222929894924164, -0.013952504843473434, -0.02955728955566883, 0.0034450464881956577, 0.026026200503110886, 0.0182433370500803, 0.023525601252913475, 0.02877476066350937, -0.020382598042488098, 0.023819129914045334, 0.014816715382039547, 0.022023743018507957, 0.00018230374553240836, 0.024242285639047623, 0.013469447381794453, -0.012449127621948719, 0.002009618328884244, 0.02556021697819233, -0.038135427981615067, -0.010883555747568607, -0.003222809173166752, -0.0006368339527398348, -0.004456840921193361, -0.05708697438240051, 0.027222512289881706, -0.014648612588644028, -0.008807728998363018, 0.0026157971005886793, 0.047691959887742996, 0.003605450736358762, -0.03750414401292801, -0.015372523106634617, 0.017997873947024345, 0.03500191867351532, -0.04746151715517044, 0.023735808208584785, 0.05468901991844177, 0.03123260661959648, 0.0044777728617191315, 0.002245529554784298, -0.030924541875720024, 0.005800059996545315, -0.017736341804265976, -0.03900494426488876, -0.03217208385467529, 0.028074614703655243, 0.08765462785959244, 0.039341334253549576, -0.021626945585012436, -0.04721241071820259, 0.03543061390519142, -0.03620659187436104, -0.01543262880295515, -0.022017069160938263, 0.016122782602906227, -0.010132908821105957, 0.035269688814878464, 0.01791318506002426, -0.05144805088639259, 0.011745824478566647, 0.0019456316949799657, -0.027060870081186295, -0.019677631556987762, -0.018287910148501396, 0.0077785006724298, 0.014329606667160988, 0.0010350279044359922, 0.02442193403840065, -0.007443460635840893, 0.008783189579844475, -0.013279876671731472, 0.021171336993575096, -0.026809237897396088, 0.022503281012177467, -0.01769113354384899, -0.009470455348491669, -0.006798810791224241, -0.004879150539636612, -0.003944637719541788, -0.0236574225127697, -0.01010286994278431, 0.021873872727155685, 0.019327815622091293, -0.020905666053295135, -0.05104685202240944, -0.006671459414064884, -0.006215816363692284, 0.01078789308667183, 0.025087306275963783, 0.00637806998565793, -0.045335449278354645, 0.052549559623003006, -0.03391546756029129, 0.018346380442380905, 0.0426662378013134, -0.02889430709183216, -0.02589491382241249, -0.0270333644002676, -0.017497165128588676, 0.02099554054439068, 0.021813027560710907, 0.016580380499362946, 0.026561742648482323, 0.06570655107498169, 0.04650622606277466, -0.0450013093650341, 0.015153550542891026, 0.06901813298463821, -0.008944369852542877, -0.024594739079475403, -0.02671096660196781, -0.003376237116754055, -0.020581955090165138, 0.01970556378364563, 0.020121460780501366, -0.008707677014172077, -0.007916986010968685, -0.012936994433403015, 0.025468355044722557, -0.027460938319563866, -0.009015971794724464, 0.014451002702116966, 0.021990222856402397, 0.039649590849876404, -0.001731577329337597, -0.04702872037887573, 0.0017402628436684608, 0.05387216433882713, 0.026216797530651093, 0.0028640932869166136, -0.003700762754306197, -0.07436423748731613, 0.016532571986317635, 0.04008902236819267, 0.05186235159635544, -0.057440999895334244, 0.0088870320469141, -0.013243717141449451, 0.004714760463684797, 0.008593329228460789, -0.023231985047459602, 0.005895014386624098, 0.0032742791809141636, -0.027968017384409904, -0.007602498400956392, -0.03313951566815376, -0.048061057925224304, 0.027114927768707275, -0.014079256914556026, 0.022006211802363396, -0.01444382593035698, -0.02567368559539318, -0.01659032329916954, 0.04818156361579895, 0.008544807322323322, 0.027990026399493217, -0.02435956709086895, 0.0013703033328056335, 0.016636338084936142, 0.003525424050167203, -0.03424053639173508, -0.05759379640221596, 0.021664248779416084, -0.014534201472997665, 0.005037861876189709, 0.04735630005598068, -0.02181684784591198, -0.020872056484222412, 0.013873838819563389, 0.06397901475429535, 0.011892175301909447, 0.021806377917528152, -0.06035143882036209, 0.051100943237543106, -0.00502679543569684, 0.016590707004070282, 0.04472099244594574, 0.06640786677598953, 0.04229557141661644, 0.03753865510225296, 0.009711469523608685, -0.0036447271704673767, -0.024413805454969406, -0.02011025696992874, -0.008305354975163937, -0.0066919648088514805, -0.011462357826530933, 0.02378474734723568, -0.01723712496459484, 0.0012697810307145119, -0.02689375728368759, -0.034371111541986465, -0.019522838294506073, 0.01729518733918667, 0.004978637211024761, -0.0014677210710942745, -0.004900699015706778, 0.014978332445025444, 0.011894213035702705, 0.0009714689222164452, 0.007583170663565397, -0.029894841834902763, 0.01651298627257347, -0.006790985353291035, -0.012793571688234806, -0.01572466641664505, -0.021462630480527878, -0.03748549893498421, 0.031976308673620224, 0.01666206866502762, 0.012821870855987072, 0.01778433285653591, 0.03809187933802605, -0.03457224369049072, -0.05045368894934654, -0.010608228854835033, 0.014521523378789425, 0.021026302129030228, 0.04423697292804718, -0.0021151311229914427, 0.050167638808488846, -0.01804172806441784, -0.005120213143527508, -0.0665307343006134, -0.053516119718551636, 0.03926151618361473, -0.00849337037652731, 0.008875109255313873, -0.00767474202439189, -0.021449152380228043, -0.016753531992435455, -0.034686386585235596, -0.009395098313689232, 0.04852024093270302, -0.01337030716240406, -0.008874538354575634, -0.03835885971784592, 0.026190968230366707, 0.042883604764938354, 0.01749817095696926, -0.035494547337293625, 0.02258162759244442, -0.04081898555159569, 0.012437176890671253, -0.045228030532598495, 0.03361571207642555, -0.05866367369890213, -0.01803651824593544, -0.02122877724468708, 0.010067068971693516, 0.0703498050570488, -0.035866547375917435, -0.02715313993394375, 0.006063275970518589, -0.048745039850473404, 0.018409041687846184, -0.020636867731809616, -0.02792450413107872, 0.03360205516219139, -0.01552830170840025, -0.035896219313144684, 0.027630649507045746, -0.005390406586229801, 0.02361137978732586, 0.03183110058307648, 0.010112719610333443, -0.021717267110943794, -0.0015937126008793712, 0.05951458215713501, 0.029996206983923912, 0.004450731445103884, -0.007126481272280216, -0.008594688959419727, 0.03821927681565285, 0.025001682341098785, -0.015529308468103409, 0.0013257352402433753, 0.01830436848104, -0.05065489932894707, -0.021872522309422493, -0.00924481637775898, -0.008646639063954353, 0.05703822150826454, 0.02239494025707245, 0.014442062005400658, 0.053516656160354614, -0.021302176639437675, 0.020277975127100945, -0.01133290771394968, -0.0009045047336257994, -0.007335831876844168, 0.039716899394989014, 0.0175615344196558, -0.04164102301001549, -0.0036666961386799812, 0.01158983539789915, 0.014240002259612083, 0.019090335816144943, 0.03340986743569374, 0.04031712934374809, 0.02708911895751953, 0.017992306500673294, -0.02014152705669403, -0.050583645701408386, 0.03274889662861824, -0.04420747980475426, 0.005049376282840967, -0.03188421204686165, -0.040804482996463776, 0.051325373351573944, 0.05394170433282852, 0.029528900980949402, -0.039239153265953064, -0.02804413251578808, -0.05823228135704994, -0.010815340094268322, 0.012254513800144196, 0.009827014058828354, 0.052693337202072144, -0.03522270545363426, 0.03844354674220085, 0.0178326778113842, -0.0019654573407024145, -0.02654591202735901, -0.08365543186664581, 0.0005971291102468967, 0.020851317793130875, -0.056779973208904266, 0.0341256707906723, -0.02228107862174511, -0.022561920806765556, 0.009208977222442627, -0.04298770800232887, -0.005025750957429409, 0.008069991134107113, 0.05103379115462303, -0.025213655084371567, 0.058648429811000824, -0.014173595234751701, -0.017944004386663437, -0.02230438031256199, 0.009130093269050121, 0.12041616439819336, 0.08157362788915634, 0.05900949984788895, -0.05714035779237747, 0.049018897116184235, 0.011328293941915035, -0.006926178000867367, 0.006514132954180241, 0.002031247364357114, 0.0005692725535482168, -0.04172113537788391, 0.036932867020368576, 0.05552862212061882, 0.020260944962501526, 0.012982587330043316, 0.07695401459932327, -0.019982533529400826, -0.010482403449714184, 0.004066572058945894, 0.007263097912073135, 0.035453274846076965, -0.03142230957746506, 0.0036516960244625807, 0.003150512697175145, 0.001954595558345318, -0.013582353480160236, 0.03262244537472725, 0.007919096387922764, -0.013600524514913559, 0.014331221580505371, -0.0448574535548687, 0.022231165319681168, -0.006319020409137011, 0.04820585995912552, -0.03200767561793327, -0.008724886924028397, 0.016946211457252502, -0.022604340687394142, 0.0021034281235188246, 0.037282537668943405, -0.029780251905322075, 0.0038871883880347013, 0.030893288552761078, 0.014968810603022575, -0.054009102284908295, -0.025495495647192, -0.03771728277206421, 0.041377343237400055, -0.021868359297513962, -0.023424074053764343, -0.005119435489177704, -0.004423040896654129, -0.011987262405455112, -0.04734990745782852, -0.035836201161146164, 0.032447975128889084, 0.030240505933761597, -0.020479124039411545, -0.04097211733460426, -0.0015546551439911127, 0.019857119768857956, -0.015303474850952625, 0.012334086932241917, 0.053278639912605286, -0.04225578159093857, -0.01648591458797455, -0.006720747333019972, 0.019188283011317253, 0.019075535237789154, 0.03638278692960739, -0.012646160088479519, -0.001844686339609325, -0.03673287481069565, 0.021795401349663734, 0.008704746142029762, 0.013656135648488998, 0.043540988117456436, -0.03230060264468193, -0.02978825941681862, -0.032840363681316376, -0.016924506053328514, -0.007600115612149239, 0.011710159480571747, -0.012672873213887215, -0.04815453290939331, 0.0063966806046664715, 0.004900477826595306, 0.02010577730834484, -0.005998834036290646, -0.0019193944754078984, -0.002456406597048044, 0.08769457787275314, -0.01308827567845583, -0.05020354688167572, -0.024074414744973183, -0.037329770624637604, -0.04014476761221886, 0.002081830520182848, 0.02037944085896015, 0.023811716586351395, -0.015002842992544174, 0.03148152306675911, -0.012036614120006561, 0.0504993237555027, -0.012857507914304733, 0.017579322680830956, 0.026593439280986786, -0.07477423548698425, 0.00437572505325079, -0.012196489609777927, 0.008600068278610706, -0.014470146037638187, -0.038563407957553864, -0.06467805057764053, -0.029431134462356567, 0.019211431965231895, -0.050787072628736496, -0.038887858390808105, 0.0030762183014303446, -0.027096547186374664, 0.015390874817967415, -0.0034939050674438477, -0.0015538596780970693, 0.008752473630011082, -0.003565387334674597, 0.04667526111006737, 0.004858311265707016, 0.010219418443739414, 0.02163192443549633, 0.00770618487149477, 0.016690291464328766, 0.032334744930267334, 0.004364586900919676, -0.0027417954988777637, -0.00856655091047287, 0.024578657001256943, 0.0048529920168221, 0.029157934710383415, -0.031012121587991714, -0.08881843835115433, 0.04914090409874916, -0.03070957027375698, -0.04359849542379379, 0.04155754670500755, -0.0014699043240398169, 0.03236297145485878, 0.02402634359896183, 0.009414147585630417, 0.009021136909723282, 0.032646264880895615, -0.03275470435619354, -0.012311602011322975, 0.00674772821366787, 0.043082721531391144, 0.010550039820373058, -0.04183382913470268, -0.03447103500366211, 0.03180735930800438, 0.00008422137761954218, 0.032217878848314285, 0.08628019690513611, 0.020203325897455215, 0.012681877240538597, -0.0007504207314923406, 0.002969880821183324, 0.0076118032447993755, 0.00767841562628746, -0.011775725521147251, -0.008967945352196693, -0.0005348186823539436, -0.04963165521621704, 0.04068082571029663, -0.019991256296634674, 0.011131836101412773, -0.08556191623210907, -0.03355990722775459, -0.006528470665216446, 0.020116375759243965, 0.013645747676491737, -0.009787077084183693, 0.001854180940426886, 0.03202596306800842, -0.052329208701848984, -0.004258141387254, 0.0009122402407228947, -0.012855554930865765, -0.05991782620549202, -0.013879528269171715, -0.062003545463085175, -0.0591466911137104, 0.07131382822990417, 0.0022100673522800207, 0.04111504554748535, 0.021965263411402702, 0.0016420668689534068, -0.055872708559036255, -0.006093230564147234, 0.02513471059501171, 0.02017686516046524, -0.07315193116664886, 0.05182379111647606, -0.03697747737169266, -0.04096408560872078, 0.036961160600185394, -0.0014936247607693076, 0.051703985780477524, 0.01009952463209629, 0.04293935373425484, -0.0014109385665506124, 0.033168986439704895, 0.034222353249788284, -0.013814154081046581, 0.010279962792992592, -0.014002516865730286, -0.01179087720811367, 0.014342688024044037, -0.020193252712488174, 0.017936473712325096, 0.05280996859073639, 0.008791955187916756, -0.03837314620614052, -0.017370643094182014, 0.03665207698941231, -0.023051325231790543, -0.0072354283183813095, -0.027772322297096252, 0.022682039067149162, -0.025532769039273262, 0.018389856442809105, -0.06313440948724747, 0.02426811307668686, 0.02559998631477356, 0.05545569583773613, -0.028905214741826057, 0.008902952075004578, 0.00723700225353241, -0.01924004964530468, 0.008613746613264084, 0.0004740692675113678, 0.006935871206223965, -0.06004134565591812, 0.016439709812402725, -0.015494327992200851, 0.006547805853188038, -0.015380504541099072, 0.010159612633287907, -0.0060817585326731205, 0.006538218818604946, -0.027712084352970123, -0.03517476096749306, -0.02541249990463257, -0.004811474122107029, -0.02060018666088581, -0.10556310415267944, 0.07167072594165802, 0.017557458952069283, 0.004635646939277649, -0.0305759496986866, 0.015068726614117622, -0.038531843572854996, 0.025006446987390518, 0.0619497150182724, 0.005519686732441187, -0.04728805273771286, 0.0010782660683616996, 0.04629308730363846, 0.014173600822687149, -0.04414542764425278, 0.04175255820155144, -0.008680665865540504, -0.03357677906751633, -0.04094932600855827, -0.048223525285720825, 0.01070493832230568, -0.042261864989995956, 0.024870507419109344, -0.018043719232082367, 0.010968143120408058, -0.03912798687815666, -0.01069649402052164, -0.011380603536963463, 0.026324773207306862, 0.0019186920253559947, 0.02800091728568077, 0.0015882226871326566, 0.030111145228147507, 0.03892039880156517, 0.02114567533135414, -0.05141190066933632, 0.03960442915558815, -0.025533443316817284, -0.0018001107964664698, -0.002248006174340844, 0.02243601717054844, -0.024275068193674088, -0.04813232272863388, 0.009626654908061028, 0.06867188960313797, -0.02228933572769165, -0.0160842165350914, 0.020050613209605217, 0.03786830976605415, 0.027453484013676643, 0.01583159528672695, 0.00657544145360589, 0.015380377881228924, 0.004623156040906906, 0.009460997767746449, 0.004154471680521965, 0.04871164262294769, -0.012489598244428635, -0.011937915347516537, 0.017064044252038002, -0.029115142300724983, 0.04696836322546005, -0.005964689888060093, 0.035243917256593704, 0.022865470498800278, -0.0351078175008297, -0.0005362123483791947, 0.0006922328029759228, 0.01794736459851265, 0.03882695734500885, 0.007004070561379194, 0.027745895087718964, -0.023107165470719337, 0.014363246969878674, -0.049048714339733124, -0.025379346683621407, -0.013101907446980476, -0.01404383685439825, 0.0709829032421112, 0.006487271748483181, 0.010469180531799793, 0.027854623273015022, -0.009234176017343998, -0.030382534489035606, 0.050366222858428955, -0.03026626817882061, -0.003952610772103071, -0.008461687713861465, -0.0191373061388731, 0.008301575668156147, -0.03997962921857834, 0.0047090062871575356, -0.02272188663482666, 0.030620664358139038, -0.009862907230854034, 0.007605328690260649, -0.06284338235855103, -0.047823745757341385, -0.007450303062796593, 0.06921324878931046, -0.04347202181816101, -0.02059684507548809, -0.03133602440357208, 0.03390179201960564, 0.0032723271287977695, -0.027149122208356857 ]
<p>The univariate exponential Hawkes process is a self-exciting point process with an event arrival rate of:</p> <p>$ \lambda(t) = \mu + \sum\limits_{t_i&lt;t}{\alpha e^{-\beta(t-t_i)}}$</p> <p>where $ t_1,..t_n $ are the event arrival times.</p> <p>The log likelihood function is</p> <p>$ - t_n \mu + \frac{\alpha}{\beta} \sum{( e^{-\beta(t_n-t_i)}-1 )} + \sum\limits_{i&lt;j}{\ln(\mu+\alpha e^{-\beta(t_j-t_i)})} $</p> <p>which can be calculated recursively:</p> <p>$ - t_n \mu + \frac{\alpha}{\beta} \sum{( e^{-\beta(t_n-t_i)}-1 )} + \sum{\ln(\mu+\alpha R(i))} $</p> <p>$ R(i) = e^{-\beta(t_i-t_{i-1})} (1+R(i-1)) $ </p> <p>$ R(1) = 0 $ </p> <p>What numerical methods can I use to find the MLE? What is the simplest practical method to implement?</p>
36,777
[ -0.031459297984838486, -0.02937985025346279, 0.017241258174180984, -0.01662478595972061, 0.011066582053899765, 0.004512907471507788, -0.01147491205483675, -0.002396262250840664, 0.03997444733977318, -0.0407014824450016, 0.02064797468483448, 0.07232270389795303, 0.05802030488848686, 0.011253559961915016, 0.018948854878544807, -0.02252865582704544, 0.007736407686024904, 0.0015296434285119176, -0.014295987784862518, 0.004446058068424463, 0.02331327088177204, -0.014872903935611248, 0.011010570451617241, -0.02059878222644329, -0.049999963492155075, 0.04691667482256889, 0.04794514924287796, -0.004601190332323313, -0.027776816859841347, 0.0537368506193161, -0.023766981437802315, -0.0007932902663014829, 0.01918167807161808, 0.068280428647995, 0.005178260151296854, 0.026744544506072998, -0.04230254516005516, -0.043298039585351944, 0.011852803640067577, 0.028421524912118912, -0.019740959629416466, -0.04557023197412491, -0.003220133949071169, 0.030762929469347, -0.012266185134649277, 0.021185090765357018, 0.0006888298667035997, -0.03352779522538185, 0.03355806693434715, -0.04796977713704109, 0.03416480869054794, -0.0031387764029204845, 0.02732362411916256, -0.02417372725903988, -0.019563764333724976, 0.0001847039966378361, 0.03637789189815521, 0.04924198240041733, 0.0250772126019001, -0.04794817790389061, -0.008318898268043995, -0.03285323455929756, 0.031147385016083717, -0.01711590401828289, 0.0191951934248209, 0.028831804171204567, 0.0010793412802740932, -0.024357879534363747, 0.02714572846889496, -0.02713574655354023, 0.017330016940832138, -0.007807264570146799, 0.01562793366611004, 0.016542203724384308, 0.005870431195944548, -0.02699371427297592, 0.008750933222472668, 0.030364200472831726, 0.014259912073612213, 0.020630642771720886, 0.0037735241930931807, -0.007710051257163286, 0.07456069439649582, 0.042334236204624176, 0.011296993121504784, -0.013233525678515434, 0.06499165296554565, -0.01927897520363331, 0.008368692360818386, 0.003681955626234412, -0.03602392598986626, 0.015092970803380013, 0.027480969205498695, -0.04101811349391937, -0.06189366802573204, 0.045052479952573776, -0.0010091217700392008, 0.07309718430042267, 0.002785941818729043, -0.015323741361498833, -0.023755833506584167, -0.045966602861881256, -0.011031125672161579, 0.06122460961341858, 0.007388351950794458, -0.033309921622276306, -0.004657769575715065, -0.03033243492245674, -0.039408013224601746, -0.04167534410953522, -0.05780617147684097, 0.027165791019797325, 0.033302757889032364, 0.007864205166697502, 0.006313964258879423, -0.005528009496629238, 0.01079022791236639, -0.002594964113086462, 0.029327362775802612, 0.0678393691778183, 0.03462207689881325, 0.003574674716219306, -0.004386433400213718, 0.008345640264451504, -0.09205731749534607, 0.038290850818157196, -0.003507279558107257, -0.04392968863248825, -0.08731202781200409, 0.05259691923856735, 0.029820621013641357, -0.014312254264950752, 0.049821995198726654, 0.0015093121910467744, 0.03269591182470322, 0.02800377830862999, -0.055063631385564804, -0.04907099902629852, 0.04430730268359184, -0.03458718955516815, 0.005670098587870598, -0.05089495703577995, -0.026473235338926315, 0.0625317320227623, 0.0563427209854126, -0.0023144902661442757, 0.03872685506939888, -0.0007723748567514122, -0.004988718777894974, -0.003658090252429247, -0.03688231110572815, -0.014374465681612492, -0.06099771335721016, 0.0015853875083848834, -0.021801205351948738, -0.07867378741502762, 0.02584642730653286, -0.02143280580639839, -0.019054392352700233, 0.014945290982723236, 0.09000901877880096, 0.011852706782519817, -0.03030400350689888, -0.0174238383769989, -0.014371922239661217, -0.036013178527355194, 0.07356774061918259, 0.011732595041394234, -0.007262912578880787, 0.0048796976916491985, -0.003910197410732508, 0.010204624384641647, -0.005163931287825108, 0.031108712777495384, 0.01457750704139471, -0.03104436583817005, -0.0269458144903183, -0.010259080678224564, 0.003246515756472945, 0.05257296934723854, -0.012996497564017773, -0.021562248468399048, -0.0186227485537529, 0.01684451289474964, 0.02906809002161026, 0.01294582337141037, -0.008262828923761845, -0.010925845243036747, 0.02415914088487625, -0.03944649174809456, -0.05666660517454147, -0.04280100017786026, 0.008318712934851646, -0.0026261007878929377, 0.020212532952427864, 0.06540074944496155, -0.04519740119576454, 0.0022162741515785456, 0.012644807808101177, -0.03236545994877815, 0.006995099131017923, 0.008009425364434719, 0.018758712336421013, -0.0542469397187233, 0.0015840957639738917, 0.07043647766113281, 0.03863964602351189, -0.015319084748625755, 0.04891858249902725, -0.024915168061852455, -0.03415283188223839, -0.052647169679403305, -0.038930103182792664, -0.0001857229945017025, 0.021714424714446068, -0.025911105796694756, -0.036715056747198105, -0.0350591316819191, 0.012704906053841114, -0.014193040318787098, -0.05230407044291496, 0.02145792357623577, 0.08250647783279419, 0.07191313058137894, 0.026639729738235474, 0.04874739795923233, -0.025424610823392868, 0.005771218333393335, -0.011932549998164177, -0.009912395849823952, -0.06052330508828163, -0.0038008857518434525, 0.031604111194610596, 0.013332619331777096, -0.01310640387237072, -0.010464763268828392, 0.015851136296987534, 0.042524710297584534, 0.029756085947155952, 0.04924346134066582, -0.011731807142496109, -0.010862037539482117, 0.004877219907939434, 0.019452983513474464, -0.014589996077120304, -0.001010771025903523, 0.03026033192873001, -0.03655872493982315, 0.02403375320136547, -0.03101123683154583, -0.00016678767860867083, 0.012979545630514622, 0.012256704270839691, -0.03325216844677925, -0.041153814643621445, -0.027326438575983047, 0.06371764093637466, -0.01677936688065529, -0.028876442462205887, 0.009947503916919231, 0.027727996930480003, 0.06058473140001297, -0.0009219832718372345, -0.005471495911478996, 0.019504375755786896, 0.011551685631275177, -0.0023765128571540117, -0.0012426137691363692, 0.006730185821652412, -0.04810653254389763, 0.026742765679955482, -0.040942516177892685, -0.03150834143161774, -0.044830963015556335, -0.011770746670663357, -0.005550032015889883, 0.00998742040246725, -0.023234115913510323, -0.03344554454088211, -0.06346027553081512, 0.016202105209231377, 0.001837892341427505, -0.0001074511164915748, 0.03874383866786957, -0.06037690490484238, 0.01166519895195961, -0.028548799455165863, -0.008824577555060387, 0.01066986471414566, 0.004596963990479708, -0.04626135155558586, -0.011541574262082577, -0.0004284824535716325, -0.05110495164990425, -0.019556090235710144, -0.00767873739823699, -0.031049206852912903, -0.049220453947782516, -0.021242303773760796, 0.07256876677274704, -0.022670473903417587, -0.03295625001192093, 0.027614329010248184, -0.0662621259689331, 0.025562210008502007, -0.026421761140227318, -0.012642379850149155, -0.022618627175688744, 0.02071426995098591, 0.0430210717022419, 0.05005844682455063, -0.007557377684861422, 0.024028582498431206, -0.09252013266086578, -0.05519808083772659, -0.01922471448779106, -0.030237087979912758, 0.04830039292573929, 0.008919172920286655, -0.046823643147945404, 0.00030671191052533686, 0.0021695957984775305, -0.020024394616484642, -0.04836168512701988, 0.006997365970164537, 0.00020490738097578287, -0.026446690782904625, 0.0027918594423681498, -0.02910776436328888, -0.004637975245714188, 0.007294684182852507, -0.015805693343281746, -0.0031827022321522236, 0.07086202502250671, 0.014974101446568966, 0.006886665243655443, -0.00473490497097373, -0.030425049364566803, -0.0022875810973346233, 0.0571349672973156, 0.004539496265351772, -0.010904630646109581, 0.07632855325937271, 0.014629979617893696, -0.0012750285677611828, 0.030153973028063774, -0.037372343242168427, 0.0095520606264472, 0.03469114378094673, -0.035161279141902924, -0.008232127875089645, 0.054873835295438766, -0.0024318082723766565, -0.03894950449466705, -0.025181272998452187, 0.0014706988586112857, 0.056547027081251144, 0.003203708678483963, 0.04515932872891426, 0.0015544651541858912, 0.04671311378479004, -0.014970234595239162, -0.05459659546613693, -0.06636641919612885, -0.011041991412639618, -0.003538671415299177, -0.021908633410930634, -0.010193893685936928, 0.05426550284028053, 0.03214571252465248, 0.0033513298258185387, -0.011760327965021133, -0.03474245220422745, -0.050190940499305725, -0.05726919323205948, 0.010271390900015831, -0.04952285438776016, 0.05037291720509529, 0.010018502362072468, 0.04124583303928375, 0.017264751717448235, -0.023842038586735725, 0.06977931410074234, -0.007021042518317699, -0.0852951779961586, 0.034973204135894775, -0.02810094505548477, -0.028721703216433525, 0.009456817992031574, 0.02965805120766163, 0.033163443207740784, 0.0027913765516132116, 0.026880348101258278, 0.00840718112885952, -0.008487250655889511, -0.00001529621113149915, 0.02018895000219345, -0.026781674474477768, -0.027487438172101974, 0.0016045448137447238, 0.023197028785943985, 0.002250790363177657, -0.025486864149570465, -0.0033731625881046057, 0.032168008387088776, -0.015190529637038708, 0.025102980434894562, -0.029719043523073196, -0.007650572340935469, -0.029408937320113182, 0.017628032714128494, 0.056038714945316315, 0.005519962403923273, -0.01823122799396515, 0.04171956330537796, 0.048844948410987854, 0.04007976874709129, 0.07124482840299606, 0.03291235864162445, -0.009537923149764538, -0.0299312062561512, -0.010961392894387245, 0.018418142572045326, 0.006922113709151745, 0.05842515826225281, -0.020223557949066162, 0.006079584360122681, 0.057149287313222885, -0.029730424284934998, -0.019998088479042053, 0.06639188528060913, 0.004247227683663368, -0.008487979881465435, -0.024824317544698715, -0.01141594909131527, 0.018278852105140686, 0.028734639286994934, 0.00936694722622633, 0.04474223405122757, -0.026083046570420265, -0.010030221194028854, 0.023128867149353027, -0.03651397302746773, 0.00018014373199548572, 0.0002918823738582432, -0.004977785050868988, 0.05992996692657471, -0.01125677302479744, -0.014690469019114971, 0.05796496197581291, 0.043080832809209824, 0.04058515280485153, -0.000821382796857506, -0.005966424010694027, -0.0793197825551033, -0.004782700911164284, 0.003037763759493828, 0.07444343715906143, -0.03663487359881401, -0.00790762435644865, -0.056918319314718246, -0.025263484567403793, 0.012378713116049767, -0.022161001339554787, 0.01562851294875145, 0.012552646920084953, 0.03467010706663132, -0.00942454393953085, -0.025629952549934387, -0.040053922683000565, 0.01608058251440525, 0.004828003700822592, 0.05621401220560074, -0.027794962748885155, -0.014222745783627033, -0.03688327223062515, 0.008045565336942673, 0.016276948153972626, 0.06469268351793289, -0.015633847564458847, -0.0034755535889416933, -0.017561214044690132, 0.008597113192081451, -0.008231346495449543, -0.059776294976472855, 0.004770804662257433, -0.01131769921630621, -0.00802986416965723, 0.015754705294966698, -0.00873126182705164, -0.024838421493768692, 0.00978958047926426, 0.04188212379813194, -0.017018811777234077, -0.0023800088092684746, -0.028081895783543587, 0.022606261074543, 0.045024290680885315, -0.0012378522660583258, 0.06059260666370392, 0.039661142975091934, 0.009601625613868237, -0.004617877770215273, -0.0012075580889359117, -0.0070107802748680115, -0.006281100679188967, 0.02516012080013752, -0.012593826279044151, 0.02172764018177986, -0.012750568799674511, 0.016268517822027206, 0.024891236796975136, 0.02520935796201229, 0.004138417541980743, 0.013238364830613136, 0.0017820431385189295, 0.05845300108194351, -0.016810482367873192, 0.022526195272803307, 0.009613340720534325, 0.04822016879916191, 0.002431861823424697, 0.02252037078142166, -0.0011578768026083708, -0.033122409135103226, 0.033298786729574203, 0.03779109939932823, -0.029123788699507713, 0.027987074106931686, -0.022225668653845787, -0.02563897706568241, 0.04079725220799446, -0.035494815558195114, 0.025111300870776176, -0.01433042623102665, 0.01875270903110504, 0.00769031560048461, -0.017878659069538116, -0.02052624337375164, 0.002260335488244891, 0.010227766819298267, 0.03737403452396393, -0.017355460673570633, -0.007343767676502466, 0.012774286791682243, -0.012200803495943546, -0.07121247798204422, 0.018361179158091545, 0.0346323698759079, -0.006348615977913141, -0.0439034141600132, -0.04610075801610947, -0.008185823448002338, -0.02469407580792904, -0.004409858025610447, -0.04783891513943672, 0.06925291568040848, -0.004888228140771389, 0.0027237809263169765, -0.013539093546569347, 0.013477826490998268, 0.07445881515741348, 0.017375260591506958, -0.032089974731206894, 0.037097614258527756, -0.007005456835031509, -0.004009607248008251, -0.04513692110776901, 0.036631226539611816, -0.0374743714928627, 0.006410169415175915, 0.0030960324220359325, 0.002429407322779298, 0.02879372239112854, -0.03738214448094368, -0.0364687480032444, 0.009787801653146744, 0.02137530781328678, 0.006033397279679775, -0.017016522586345673, -0.03609612211585045, 0.008386551402509212, 0.002357747871428728, -0.01195861678570509, -0.001981037203222513, 0.0029346554074436426, 0.007523864042013884, 0.02755243517458439, 0.014987488277256489, 0.023358693346381187, 0.009576648473739624, 0.048617616295814514, -0.01488808635622263, 0.00179474416654557, 0.0038607586175203323, -0.005395685788244009, 0.04145507887005806, -0.006698389537632465, -0.0035330289974808693, 0.04959661513566971, -0.021726984530687332, -0.03624918311834335, -0.010521182790398598, -0.04491972550749779, 0.05493512377142906, 0.06519725173711777, -0.005288053769618273, 0.011655470356345177, 0.015309327282011509, 0.004419752396643162, -0.0344594344496727, -0.005874238442629576, 0.003108448814600706, -0.002721435157582164, -0.00654009822756052, 0.00823433417826891, 0.007715173065662384, 0.005333629436790943, -0.023056738078594208, -0.0011339045595377684, 0.028472311794757843, 0.03371354565024376, -0.00501477625221014, 0.02577800489962101, 0.0023150101769715548, -0.05747485160827637, -0.02392446994781494, 0.04938850924372673, -0.011385769583284855, 0.010201307013630867, -0.01645755022764206, -0.03405940532684326, 0.030723420903086662, 0.016254281625151634, 0.034023214131593704, -0.038729555904865265, -0.0019512942526489496, -0.0423121452331543, 0.040143776684999466, 0.012239240109920502, 0.00793333351612091, 0.038740240037441254, 0.003857180243358016, 0.016685621812939644, 0.022328190505504608, 0.027767425402998924, -0.01775277592241764, -0.06586243957281113, 0.0053663551807403564, -0.001540808822028339, -0.043405406177043915, 0.04581844434142113, 0.02936527691781521, -0.0305309034883976, 0.0328865647315979, -0.0012376154772937298, 0.0011492619523778558, 0.016541333869099617, 0.024456897750496864, -0.006905937101691961, 0.08061929047107697, 0.008798993192613125, 0.02507215552031994, -0.03572458773851395, -0.0017999819247052073, 0.12572892010211945, 0.07978672534227371, 0.025238459929823875, -0.030856464058160782, -0.025075143203139305, -0.0012863820884376764, 0.005936487577855587, -0.01052325963973999, -0.015026215463876724, 0.0028404751792550087, -0.00982729159295559, 0.055545222014188766, 0.05004062131047249, 0.020827852189540863, -0.02129383198916912, 0.042323097586631775, -0.022342773154377937, -0.013745245523750782, -0.002424344653263688, -0.010220593772828579, 0.00990050658583641, 0.02236240915954113, -0.05234686657786369, 0.022830335423350334, -0.033666905015707016, -0.0355440154671669, -0.044170133769512177, -0.02248493768274784, -0.026169955730438232, -0.027059974148869514, -0.024532757699489594, -0.011369023472070694, 0.02370450086891651, -0.0031823362223803997, 0.02891797386109829, 0.03815888985991478, -0.0030709742568433285, -0.03405880555510521, 0.0688994824886322, 0.0241992250084877, 0.03887191414833069, 0.0028724258299916983, -0.008561883121728897, 0.0316302664577961, -0.018336890265345573, -0.03846591338515282, -0.027106568217277527, 0.0416044257581234, -0.033103473484516144, 0.027618857100605965, -0.00544084794819355, -0.02531200833618641, 0.02294270507991314, -0.030592281371355057, -0.018170980736613274, -0.020972473546862602, 0.017953626811504364, -0.05462391674518585, -0.00041205930756404996, -0.05773589760065079, 0.013464892283082008, 0.017368419095873833, 0.014209646731615067, 0.04025605320930481, -0.042006075382232666, -0.012543624266982079, -0.04140967130661011, 0.05375433713197708, -0.0023105782456696033, 0.0017027714056894183, -0.02933201752603054, -0.011787286028265953, -0.02830703929066658, 0.016911892220377922, 0.016331695020198822, -0.016867976635694504, 0.01119438000023365, 0.008791395463049412, -0.008878649212419987, -0.02759483829140663, -0.04943426698446274, -0.02507977932691574, -0.038201723247766495, 0.012865954078733921, -0.04044487699866295, -0.03793250024318695, 0.04387907683849335, 0.04486806318163872, 0.0033969043288379908, 0.01708061248064041, -0.009066549129784107, 0.046633992344141006, 0.030839744955301285, -0.04368409514427185, -0.02103390172123909, -0.012666708789765835, -0.004025227855890989, -0.0012422064319252968, 0.001584020908921957, 0.04089674726128578, 0.021084073930978775, 0.01512146182358265, 0.011191952042281628, 0.012545647099614143, -0.016584565863013268, -0.01817614771425724, -0.0013409354723989964, -0.001639530761167407, -0.023548295721411705, 0.01863384060561657, 0.0019985181279480457, -0.005203218664973974, 0.023589927703142166, -0.010007361881434917, 0.0019370026420801878, 0.01029632892459631, -0.040445342659950256, -0.05659104138612747, -0.015919163823127747, -0.017374655231833458, 0.045620907098054886, -0.022470567375421524, 0.03465408831834793, 0.029468391090631485, -0.004963154438883066, -0.025042865425348282, 0.0015262906672433019, -0.011140801012516022, 0.023101698607206345, 0.010532448068261147, -0.014508350752294064, -0.012952172197401524, 0.024511156603693962, 0.033536091446876526, 0.024116555228829384, -0.0028127243276685476, -0.01374076772481203, 0.0237991064786911, 0.010100080631673336, -0.060804419219493866, 0.027373839169740677, -0.06360253691673279, -0.0304903294891119, 0.038647525012493134, 0.00418448681011796, 0.048928000032901764, -0.00367608480155468, -0.02915332280099392, -0.011653110384941101, -0.008923002518713474, 0.005326628684997559, -0.022337818518280983, 0.003574480302631855, 0.007785134948790073, 0.03583958372473717, -0.013650679960846901, 0.01945725828409195, 0.02078588679432869, 0.003598170354962349, 0.011089206673204899, 0.03213133662939072, -0.010006318800151348, 0.013718117028474808, 0.003886530874297023, -0.016679653897881508, -0.011397936381399632, 0.000467183708678931, -0.002367086010053754, 0.003630303079262376, 0.039834946393966675, -0.04595939815044403, 0.05638694018125534, -0.04100117087364197, -0.008943215943872929, -0.06436429917812347, 0.008915355429053307, 0.04148728400468826, -0.030609069392085075, 0.05823511630296707, -0.016045331954956055, 0.009477963671088219, 0.06821049749851227, -0.047794997692108154, 0.0158185176551342, 0.0020155194215476513, 0.03481745347380638, -0.04481755197048187, 0.009670877829194069, -0.005259011872112751, -0.016309034079313278, -0.0015536537393927574, 0.016709044575691223, 0.04648957774043083, 0.04158415645360947, -0.006478701252490282, -0.01737242005765438, 0.010213103145360947, 0.033992402255535126, 0.0398944728076458, -0.06775743514299393, 0.03020639717578888, -0.05945156514644623, -0.0055996933951973915, 0.025995684787631035, -0.014718376100063324, -0.003989472519606352, 0.005285445600748062, 0.019302664324641228, -0.018359895795583725, 0.059654198586940765, 0.040622301399707794, -0.05955538526177406, 0.012864768505096436, -0.01104884035885334, -0.0010327169438824058, 0.02765807881951332, -0.0480487197637558, 0.0005484960856847465, 0.02973848022520542, -0.004674529656767845, -0.011549895629286766, -0.023438766598701477, -0.002731259912252426, -0.055745434015989304, 0.029724406078457832, -0.03356648236513138, -0.005515722092241049, -0.030013393610715866, 0.0025204489938914776, -0.017894964665174484, 0.019137928262352943, 0.026447266340255737, 0.022076288238167763, -0.03289056941866875, -0.015348921529948711, -0.03388867899775505, -0.040534086525440216, 0.0337657667696476, -0.014619856141507626, -0.013831917196512222, -0.06578806787729263, 0.022962836548686028, -0.010724116116762161, 0.007284520193934441, -0.02225247211754322, -0.010634498670697212, -0.010517587885260582, 0.03307383507490158, -0.02346554771065712, -0.002002051565796137, 0.060734670609235764, 0.020989367738366127, 0.05055946111679077, -0.0547005832195282, 0.045279234647750854, -0.017211223021149635, 0.014699272811412811, -0.011689973063766956, -0.0551363043487072, -0.017018748447299004, -0.002123618498444557, 0.06841204315423965, 0.0024098323192447424, -0.044920410960912704, 0.033027760684490204, 0.0268738754093647, -0.010298104956746101, -0.02667398564517498, 0.025352876633405685, -0.023133886978030205, -0.03257855400443077, -0.002771527273580432, -0.05017316713929176, 0.011457586660981178, 0.02076500467956066, 0.027610035613179207, -0.03198732063174248, 0.00004513026578933932, -0.020741188898682594, -0.0036458757240325212, -0.016003897413611412, 0.020800452679395676, -0.02770012989640236, 0.05912373587489128, 0.018967675045132637, 0.018919585272669792, -0.0032147730235010386, -0.03536505624651909, -0.03143585845828056, 0.029670460149645805, -0.044616226106882095, -0.020333483815193176, 0.02300942689180374, -0.017210332676768303, -0.021957265213131905, -0.06949485093355179, -0.020673301070928574, 0.021744119003415108, -0.024581560865044594, -0.0054463231936097145, 0.050803616642951965, -0.005254446063190699, 0.0463244654238224, -0.0025929147377610207, 0.038252003490924835, -0.011218806728720665, -0.017750922590494156, -0.01356433518230915, 0.052114736288785934, 0.018819721415638924, -0.04595021903514862, 0.00035862511140294373, 0.016734417527914047, -0.03546452149748802, 0.0403515100479126, 0.01820257678627968, -0.002035188488662243, 0.007017913274466991, -0.022275101393461227, 0.037963613867759705, -0.015870312228798866, 0.04213858023285866, 0.04035220667719841, -0.027897533029317856, 0.0824890211224556, 0.01374327577650547, 0.04458190128207207, -0.035791896283626556, 0.012649591080844402, -0.025817779824137688, -0.000041634364606579766, -0.028354860842227936, 0.018626268953084946, 0.030926810577511787, 0.027407363057136536, -0.012056084349751472, -0.003818691475316882, 0.05072798579931259, -0.03796744719147682, -0.009079815819859505, -0.0068598524667322636, -0.018249599263072014, 0.012190358713269234, -0.05278636887669563, -0.003365518059581518, -0.037773169577121735, -0.004685403313487768, 0.01223419513553381, 0.022465340793132782, 0.026212070137262344, -0.04550110921263695, -0.003175192978233099, 0.025845961645245552, -0.03167671337723732, 0.0308995321393013, -0.02997700683772564, -0.030683593824505806, -0.017130360007286072, -0.030675232410430908 ]
<p>(To see why I wrote this, check the comments below my answer to <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/24588/quantiles-vs-highests-posterior-density-intervals">this question</a>.)</p> <h2>Type III errors and statistical decision theory</h2> <p>Giving the right answer to the wrong question is sometimes called a Type III error. Statistical decision theory is a formalization of decision-making under uncertainty; it provides a conceptual framework that can help one avoid type III errors. The key element of the framework is called the <em>loss function</em>. It takes two arguments: the first is (the relevant subset of) the true state of the world (e.g., in parameter estimation problems, the true parameter value $\theta$); the second is an element in the set of possible actions (e.g., in parameter estimation problems, the estimate $\hat{\theta})$. The output models the loss associated with every possible action with respect to every possible true state of the world. For example, in parameter estimation problems, some well known loss functions are:</p> <ul> <li>the absolute error loss $L(\theta, \hat{\theta}) = |\theta - \hat{\theta}|$</li> <li>the squared error loss $L(\theta, \hat{\theta}) = (\theta - \hat{\theta})^2$</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Varian">Hal Varian</a>'s LINEX loss $L(\theta, \hat{\theta}; k) = \exp(k(\theta - \hat{\theta})) - k(\theta - \hat{\theta}) - 1,\text{ } k \ne0$</li> </ul> <h2>Examining the answer to find the question</h2> <p>There's a case one might attempt to make that type III errors can be avoided by focusing on formulating a correct loss function and proceeding through the rest of the decision-theoretic approach (not detailed here). That's not my brief – after all, statisticians are well equipped with many techniques and methods that work well even though they are not derived from such an approach. But the end result, it seems to me, is that the vast majority of statisticians don't know and don't care about statistical decision theory, and I think they're missing out. To those statisticians, I would argue that reason they might find statistical decision theory valuable in terms of avoiding Type III error is because it provides a framework in which to ask of any proposed data analysis procedure: <em>what loss function (if any) does the procedure cope with optimally?</em> That is, in what decision-making situation, exactly, does it provide the best answer?</p> <h2>Posterior expected loss</h2> <p>From a Bayesian perspective, the loss function is all we need. We can pretty much skip the rest of decision theory -- almost by definition, the best thing to do is to minimize posterior expected loss, that is, find the action $a$ that minimizes $\tilde{L}(a) = \int_{\Theta}L(\theta, a)p(\theta|D)d\theta$.</p> <p>(And as for non-Bayesian perspectives? Well, it is a theorem of frequentist decision theory -- specifically, Wald's <a href="http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS?service=UI&amp;version=1.0&amp;verb=Display&amp;handle=euclid.aoms/1177730345">Complete Class Theorem</a> -- that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admissible_decision_rule">optimal action</a> will always be to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes_estimator">minimize Bayesian posterior expected loss</a> with respect to <em>some</em> (possibly improper) prior. The difficulty with this result is that it is an existence theorem gives no guidance as to which prior to use. But it fruitfully restricts the class of procedures that we can "invert" to figure out exactly which question it is that we're answering. In particular, the first step in inverting any non-Bayesian procedure is to figure out which (if any) Bayesian procedure it replicates or approximates.)</p> <h2>Hey Cyan, you know this is a Q&amp;A site, right?</h2> <p>Which brings me – finally – to a statistical question. In Bayesian statistics, when providing interval estimates for univariate parameters, two common credible interval procedures are the quantile-based credible interval and the highest posterior density credible interval. What are the loss functions behind these procedures?</p>
74,116
[ -0.06206531450152397, -0.04327380657196045, 0.008505304343998432, -0.044168610125780106, 0.009580851532518864, 0.03785058483481407, -0.0010036247549578547, 0.013246449641883373, 0.05003992095589638, -0.008894834667444229, 0.032330356538295746, 0.02935074456036091, 0.08813057839870453, 0.061107974499464035, 0.02938208356499672, 0.04561967775225639, -0.021647149696946144, 0.02452598139643669, -0.01273846160620451, -0.017642131075263023, 0.018868761137127876, 0.04198453202843666, 0.011727276258170605, -0.03826397284865379, -0.04251359775662422, 0.036111392080783844, 0.06423357129096985, -0.004242815542966127, 0.006300031207501888, 0.09304182976484299, -0.04138670116662979, -0.024686824530363083, 0.009161303751170635, 0.03910207003355026, 0.00667757261544466, 0.019955351948738098, 0.025221310555934906, 0.001103885704651475, -0.01470930129289627, 0.054426465183496475, -0.0611945278942585, -0.006711600348353386, 0.008409610018134117, 0.018297260627150536, 0.00852919276803732, 0.031978677958250046, -0.015146089717745781, -0.05213749781250954, -0.023157745599746704, -0.056929126381874084, 0.05480066314339638, -0.008475766517221928, 0.002516930690035224, 0.04924660921096802, -0.012485426850616932, -0.02616390399634838, 0.039540667086839676, 0.08275067061185837, -0.01996375247836113, -0.05554475635290146, 0.0015259213978424668, -0.025548940524458885, -0.0012597867753356695, 0.006415889598429203, -0.02395765855908394, 0.01435532234609127, 0.02079692669212818, -0.006553445942699909, -0.0030689118430018425, 0.006252387538552284, -0.015699973329901695, 0.01468511763960123, 0.011035410687327385, 0.03133074566721916, 0.04299648851156235, -0.00618730578571558, -0.008235330693423748, 0.02130344696342945, 0.06621386855840683, 0.04135262593626976, 0.03130197152495384, -0.0004356599529273808, 0.03776036575436592, 0.03619042783975601, -0.026852242648601532, 0.04570148140192032, 0.06925227493047714, -0.006789435166865587, -0.0011769499396905303, 0.01456393487751484, -0.03799339011311531, -0.006579682230949402, -0.010281953029334545, -0.07545414566993713, -0.028789149597287178, 0.023915942758321762, 0.0020410241559147835, 0.01439799927175045, 0.02547372505068779, -0.03160385414958, -0.01729665696620941, -0.02614251896739006, 0.020213069394230843, 0.05069480091333389, -0.013222473673522472, -0.03321561589837074, -0.005784567445516586, -0.006270764395594597, -0.041923362761735916, -0.02180296555161476, -0.01844858005642891, 0.02595909684896469, -0.0006491999374702573, 0.021615732461214066, -0.02112024463713169, -0.045311927795410156, 0.013941598124802113, 0.0003083074407186359, 0.049887195229530334, 0.059254229068756104, 0.029866540804505348, -0.014254845678806305, 0.01870517060160637, -0.03787601366639137, -0.04642810672521591, 0.009728453122079372, 0.019976211711764336, -0.049605753272771835, -0.032161518931388855, 0.011843082495033741, 0.009271531365811825, -0.014303671196103096, 0.0377078503370285, 0.0038392485585063696, 0.0022132492158561945, -0.02640458568930626, -0.08506092429161072, -0.03945811465382576, 0.02647136151790619, 0.02797381952404976, -0.008739938028156757, -0.017698604613542557, -0.0072966101579368114, 0.06683938950300217, -0.009644342586398125, 0.017785847187042236, 0.04254946857690811, 0.029780738055706024, 0.008148758672177792, -0.0011679352028295398, -0.032934993505477905, 0.031206585466861725, -0.0073712291195988655, 0.011952085420489311, -0.023129690438508987, -0.051259420812129974, 0.03126876801252365, 0.0018064059549942613, 0.027102500200271606, -0.015074767172336578, 0.044990938156843185, 0.0007934435270726681, -0.013256379403173923, -0.00786796398460865, -0.014230179600417614, -0.012253309600055218, 0.06482881307601929, 0.015415120869874954, 0.018791690468788147, 0.0034759975969791412, 0.020231077447533607, 0.008560325019061565, 0.019507143646478653, -0.00560348154976964, 0.046581488102674484, -0.04584093019366264, -0.020138351246714592, -0.0979461520910263, -0.019383832812309265, -0.005274137016385794, -0.019725585356354713, -0.0001931768492795527, 0.016103554517030716, 0.004109155852347612, 0.008747055195271969, 0.02380559965968132, 0.002531703794375062, -0.03249146789312363, 0.048707280308008194, -0.023586034774780273, -0.04286084696650505, -0.027654191479086876, -0.015089546330273151, -0.0009496805723756552, -0.017465198412537575, 0.029854118824005127, -0.005836692173033953, -0.007857365533709526, -0.03154927119612694, -0.010785432532429695, -0.0035719419829547405, 0.025358306244015694, 0.025347869843244553, -0.01642751321196556, 0.03616714105010033, 0.05095832049846649, 0.05718729645013809, -0.027338944375514984, 0.0032703466713428497, -0.0436955988407135, -0.0345226526260376, -0.01091549452394247, -0.013770472258329391, 0.03104572929441929, -0.023759998381137848, -0.03399315103888512, 0.005418974440544844, -0.0190813560038805, -0.024566330015659332, -0.003652013372629881, -0.04480516165494919, 0.0730048269033432, 0.09713385999202728, 0.0018125588539987803, 0.017508642747998238, 0.05578431114554405, -0.03488049656152725, 0.015822086483240128, -0.010892271995544434, 0.00652275187894702, -0.04482712596654892, 0.0025815658736974, 0.03441093862056732, 0.020489389076828957, -0.024354634806513786, 0.01406557485461235, 0.03304430469870567, 0.005888002458959818, -0.00992001686245203, 0.011502831242978573, -0.019262248650193214, -0.001174905919469893, -0.0043562958016991615, -0.02974821999669075, -0.0013885388616472483, 0.024735579267144203, 0.05652711167931557, 0.004697443451732397, 0.025168705731630325, -0.015120569616556168, -0.0016612074105069041, 0.02571447752416134, -0.014987991191446781, -0.03205081820487976, -0.015515265986323357, -0.027939684689044952, 0.03234807774424553, -0.053553733974695206, 0.034450601786375046, 0.023703332990407944, -0.024037476629018784, 0.017039714381098747, -0.0019551520235836506, -0.009945019148290157, 0.05541062355041504, 0.011488929390907288, -0.013707770965993404, 0.02826346457004547, 0.04587831720709801, -0.0253908671438694, -0.0039986209012568, -0.05408799275755882, -0.04895220696926117, -0.009820018894970417, 0.006455586291849613, 0.00604151701554656, -0.016735833138227463, -0.011044958606362343, -0.018624020740389824, -0.01117211114615202, -0.016941435635089874, -0.02345164492726326, 0.025288961827754974, 0.027426421642303467, -0.03266551345586777, 0.0032629314810037613, -0.023625731468200684, -0.025474699214100838, 0.013283518142998219, 0.002059504622593522, -0.0471639558672905, 0.0577087327837944, 0.030200239270925522, -0.05770028010010719, -0.00021820330584887415, -0.0473482571542263, -0.012513089925050735, -0.01360252033919096, 0.009496722370386124, 0.029352625831961632, 0.006391450297087431, -0.02121087536215782, 0.037961721420288086, -0.032438669353723526, -0.03656703978776932, -0.051849350333213806, 0.0071179973892867565, 0.011587300337851048, 0.017949597910046577, 0.03005310893058777, 0.04682204872369766, 0.008735735900700092, -0.0216097142547369, -0.08521753549575806, -0.029162388294935226, -0.010590191930532455, 0.012311285361647606, 0.027642229571938515, -0.022024061530828476, -0.01624610647559166, 0.09211091697216034, 0.044506605714559555, -0.009549866430461407, 0.024684714153409004, -0.004630886018276215, -0.025867760181427002, -0.026954568922519684, 0.012205260805785656, -0.014095374383032322, 0.01875830627977848, 0.03735378384590149, -0.029685432091355324, 0.01666456088423729, 0.02000793255865574, -0.0007087415433488786, 0.016120394691824913, 0.034457433968782425, -0.01672009564936161, -0.04044494032859802, 0.03760049492120743, 0.039728596806526184, -0.025876658037304878, 0.04073795676231384, -0.003279862692579627, 0.02953437529504299, -0.009194406680762768, -0.03166612610220909, 0.026597075164318085, -0.03410128876566887, 0.03194168955087662, -0.005735520739108324, 0.032810136675834656, 0.033229030668735504, 0.010014459490776062, -0.004162804689258337, 0.03824489936232567, 0.04565008357167244, -0.03804563358426094, 0.036862414330244064, 0.030355559661984444, 0.07917596399784088, -0.04258904978632927, -0.04092242568731308, -0.02212568186223507, -0.011209727264940739, 0.009126522578299046, -0.007730938494205475, -0.029621589928865433, 0.001440761610865593, 0.04326518625020981, 0.006257676053792238, -0.006928175687789917, -0.026865577325224876, -0.028760988265275955, -0.024493461474776268, -0.0013233846984803677, -0.04981167986989021, 0.040922604501247406, 0.006152593996375799, 0.030491115525364876, 0.031174302101135254, -0.010479200631380081, 0.0047399732284247875, 0.02234518714249134, -0.07724504917860031, 0.030330630019307137, 0.013202322646975517, -0.0016075606690719724, 0.02033906988799572, -0.016670405864715576, 0.08789534121751785, -0.0345662385225296, 0.004131713416427374, -0.015276334248483181, 0.03974457085132599, -0.024944884702563286, 0.007289025466889143, -0.014360891655087471, -0.006457161623984575, 0.020246483385562897, 0.019569994881749153, 0.01621212065219879, -0.025560852140188217, 0.0246297474950552, 0.06408579647541046, -0.01974398083984852, 0.017700696364045143, -0.033415231853723526, 0.0007343530305661261, 0.00836581364274025, 0.03735114634037018, -0.009123827330768108, 0.02272777445614338, 0.004246959462761879, 0.04186299815773964, 0.005919360090047121, 0.05960309877991676, 0.057543493807315826, -0.015146068297326565, 0.022151174023747444, -0.04455866664648056, -0.006248606368899345, -0.006023299414664507, 0.02213473618030548, -0.018268533051013947, 0.013670521788299084, 0.054299913346767426, -0.013230395503342152, -0.014952295459806919, -0.0026978570967912674, 0.02052965573966503, -0.00750522967427969, 0.015019344165921211, -0.009563521482050419, 0.003713698359206319, -0.011073910631239414, -0.008545192889869213, 0.02546881139278412, -0.002900222782045603, -0.008545896969735622, -0.009900695644319057, 0.042284928262233734, 0.013669663108885288, -0.021116144955158234, -0.007838462479412556, 0.02847978100180626, 0.008191765286028385, -0.0003196317993570119, -0.014318651519715786, 0.006131499074399471, 0.03554483503103256, 0.08011467754840851, 0.0009301379905082285, 0.03600968420505524, -0.08329849690198898, -0.03595785051584244, 0.055292367935180664, 0.035397373139858246, -0.0080486498773098, -0.031540822237730026, -0.046576861292123795, -0.007631244603544474, 0.02483593486249447, -0.0328238382935524, -0.006850370205938816, -0.04446367919445038, 0.017217691987752914, -0.04046616703271866, -0.05341696739196777, -0.04309973493218422, -0.01596558652818203, -0.011014319956302643, 0.03301975876092911, -0.021382704377174377, 0.018280966207385063, -0.027225811034440994, -0.00018044537864625454, -0.01808994635939598, 0.06561821699142456, -0.004096434451639652, -0.06627244502305984, -0.016317477449774742, 0.018898405134677887, -0.028174638748168945, -0.06378456205129623, -0.016974426805973053, 0.013049120083451271, -0.007652256637811661, 0.020174609497189522, -0.03807066008448601, -0.062249768525362015, 0.024843936786055565, -0.011507087387144566, -0.06269724667072296, 0.040399618446826935, 0.000328714435454458, 0.019507642835378647, 0.0288996621966362, 0.060190413147211075, 0.07348625361919403, 0.006460472941398621, -0.0007315846160054207, 0.001864589168690145, -0.03965713456273079, 0.0016590442974120378, -0.021908504888415337, -0.02623768337070942, -0.05696610361337662, -0.03110782988369465, -0.010729589499533176, 0.03803158551454544, 0.00500225555151701, 0.03124932572245598, -0.01999981701374054, 0.00805011484771967, -0.005760387051850557, 0.019078755751252174, 0.014508952386677265, -0.0011730185942724347, -0.028855491429567337, 0.014211668632924557, 0.012997004203498363, 0.045809339731931686, 0.0162177924066782, -0.02905043587088585, -0.002472200430929661, 0.03628504276275635, -0.055637262761592865, 0.019138921052217484, -0.034342844039201736, -0.02019750513136387, 0.004756616894155741, 0.02283112145960331, 0.046394653618335724, 0.019066018983721733, -0.008606722578406334, 0.019520683214068413, 0.016556190326809883, -0.03744058683514595, -0.030810801312327385, -0.024309398606419563, 0.04353886842727661, -0.015750547870993614, 0.007083695847541094, 0.005389634054154158, 0.011366733349859715, -0.05920080095529556, 0.011330789886415005, 0.02041834034025669, 0.01299574226140976, -0.05861811712384224, 0.013177437707781792, 0.03631836175918579, 0.018030166625976562, -0.03086666204035282, 0.0008125425665639341, 0.04022993519902229, -0.02340441755950451, -0.008446382358670235, -0.028118673712015152, 0.03491244837641716, 0.055534373968839645, -0.0043945820070803165, 0.01975356787443161, -0.01000879518687725, -0.014187823981046677, 0.009861953556537628, -0.015933295711874962, -0.005699587054550648, -0.013515819795429707, -0.01159801334142685, 0.01537060271948576, -0.017383024096488953, 0.003919356036931276, -0.005586332641541958, -0.0339471660554409, 0.023584943264722824, 0.003888401435688138, -0.03501822054386139, -0.006999990437179804, 0.004146798048168421, -0.024241553619503975, 0.04324159398674965, -0.019211897626519203, -0.014746417291462421, -0.014420957304537296, 0.03422782942652702, 0.024521995335817337, -0.0007912635919637978, -0.013650872744619846, -0.010890232399106026, 0.055317603051662445, -0.021326208487153053, 0.011066777631640434, 0.0233626626431942, -0.007464556954801083, 0.07933128625154495, -0.004218702670186758, -0.002222997136414051, 0.0077461982145905495, 0.032053861767053604, -0.05670808628201485, -0.022936319932341576, -0.059019457548856735, 0.0220973901450634, 0.06856340169906616, -0.0015865087043493986, 0.04390257969498634, 0.003199729137122631, 0.005934745538979769, 0.0009973610285669565, -0.05076691880822182, -0.020621269941329956, -0.04178408160805702, -0.00910248328000307, 0.01892179250717163, 0.01671254262328148, 0.027162248268723488, 0.03449095040559769, -0.026799961924552917, -0.007884584367275238, 0.0019745961762964725, -0.021695243194699287, 0.045398104935884476, 0.00492610689252615, -0.0639834776520729, -0.02928742580115795, 0.02620377577841282, -0.0491420142352581, -0.004315774887800217, -0.031920354813337326, -0.02803405001759529, 0.021375413984060287, 0.022241732105612755, -0.023345673456788063, -0.05485810339450836, -0.008874601684510708, -0.039775095880031586, 0.012347253039479256, 0.006530202925205231, -0.03327738866209984, 0.028233272954821587, 0.04403311386704445, 0.012433265335857868, -0.031625229865312576, 0.035656314343214035, -0.04609658569097519, -0.07149934768676758, -0.013224718160927296, -0.006201357115060091, -0.038646187633275986, -0.017754456028342247, -0.0038881045766174793, -0.007873171009123325, 0.022911353036761284, -0.042716458439826965, 0.030997613444924355, 0.01174953207373619, 0.003658228786662221, -0.037269264459609985, 0.02878190390765667, 0.007242830470204353, 0.018630726262927055, -0.04079201817512512, 0.0033851314801722765, 0.1481209397315979, 0.07208758592605591, 0.04420679062604904, -0.05440067872405052, 0.031282223761081696, -0.016916749998927116, 0.023086905479431152, -0.03875976428389549, 0.0035984318237751722, 0.03599515184760094, -0.014529061503708363, 0.012464893981814384, 0.008914241567254066, 0.00031783245503902435, -0.02178887464106083, 0.02778451330959797, -0.055479031056165695, -0.02774880826473236, -0.013073742389678955, 0.013892379589378834, -0.0030918470583856106, 0.04397460073232651, -0.00576247600838542, -0.009475421160459518, 0.00866417121142149, 0.01866031438112259, -0.011497464962303638, -0.010314040817320347, 0.007022251840680838, -0.006810199003666639, -0.048834383487701416, -0.027024434879422188, 0.03767845407128334, 0.011691891588270664, -0.007645367179065943, 0.011431592516601086, -0.013216519728302956, -0.0014096879167482257, 0.011680396273732185, 0.009820089675486088, 0.015214850194752216, 0.010934685356914997, -0.00816552434116602, -0.003737150924280286, -0.030356669798493385, -0.04385513439774513, -0.03139687702059746, 0.04858066886663437, 0.008013812825083733, -0.004808656871318817, -0.024461764842271805, -0.018309788778424263, 0.01602873206138611, -0.02312956005334854, -0.01259356178343296, 0.01899317279458046, 0.027178462594747543, -0.05294670909643173, -0.05484826862812042, -0.006979492027312517, 0.023824546486139297, -0.015185553580522537, 0.028726331889629364, 0.006195393390953541, -0.035050299018621445, -0.038403332233428955, 0.0032635703682899475, 0.006874686572700739, 0.02584846131503582, 0.0015845880843698978, -0.00875065941363573, 0.0015132217667996883, -0.011711210012435913, -0.04562341049313545, -0.005037991795688868, -0.01789872907102108, 0.046844348311424255, 0.004506583791226149, 0.02034728042781353, -0.0245920829474926, -0.060978297144174576, 0.00002112628317263443, -0.04263764247298241, 0.00047080693184398115, -0.03772144392132759, 0.018009133636951447, 0.002497411798685789, 0.025752877816557884, 0.03108852729201317, -0.01125988457351923, 0.03271976485848427, 0.08087662607431412, 0.0017805814277380705, -0.06334158778190613, -0.010553616099059582, 0.023287560790777206, -0.0440107025206089, 0.0035546335857361555, 0.0008845265256240964, 0.05247829854488373, 0.02001212351024151, 0.07094670832157135, -0.0188002809882164, 0.010164919309318066, -0.006356328725814819, 0.005961891263723373, 0.01943964883685112, -0.023507187142968178, 0.012234417721629143, 0.006828526966273785, 0.0473337359726429, -0.03129187971353531, -0.04769812151789665, -0.06056811660528183, -0.004630661569535732, -0.035670679062604904, -0.013060364872217178, -0.022882038727402687, 0.03661268204450607, -0.0021813868079334497, 0.013253668323159218, 0.0053948392160236835, 0.021116284653544426, 0.02223045937716961, -0.03284988924860954, -0.045577362179756165, -0.010949388146400452, -0.0003719282685779035, 0.0031380201689898968, -0.014985461719334126, 0.00307233608327806, -0.005407643038779497, 0.006539348978549242, 0.0162894856184721, 0.0008754092850722373, 0.024446573108434677, 0.03790600970387459, 0.02798786759376526, 0.0015863882144913077, 0.006270719226449728, 0.04688912257552147, -0.050336603075265884, -0.06549470126628876, 0.034092314541339874, -0.009204314090311527, 0.04119496047496796, 0.02880370058119297, 0.0077698794193565845, -0.009279461577534676, 0.007212448865175247, -0.02445298060774803, -0.018445385619997978, -0.019414978101849556, -0.004210638348013163, -0.024155141785740852, -0.007139640394598246, 0.027187999337911606, -0.004629469010978937, 0.05356578156352043, 0.003673774190247059, 0.01912817172706127, -0.017457265406847, 0.01047585066407919, 0.040111422538757324, -0.026738187298178673, -0.009497752413153648, 0.0050138928927481174, 0.0008271239930763841, 0.018649067729711533, 0.044517360627651215, -0.013671251013875008, 0.05352545529603958, 0.011299768462777138, 0.009560960344970226, -0.13717225193977356, -0.01230340451002121, 0.013513755984604359, 0.038154419511556625, 0.032497137784957886, -0.04134512320160866, 0.019303012639284134, 0.028468679636716843, -0.043614462018013, 0.036860205233097076, -0.030415570363402367, 0.04108197242021561, -0.013481663540005684, 0.01504903007298708, -0.043729089200496674, 0.005620050244033337, -0.00876670889556408, -0.013927735388278961, 0.044078078120946884, 0.05214913934469223, 0.031912676990032196, -0.037248943001031876, -0.036974456161260605, 0.0331379771232605, -0.02800123021006584, -0.04663970321416855, 0.06852936744689941, -0.027548668906092644, -0.017547855153679848, 0.02573438547551632, 0.024435024708509445, 0.04303766414523125, -0.0171135812997818, 0.029590828344225883, 0.0005690602702088654, 0.00168512889649719, 0.03946883976459503, -0.015023740008473396, -0.01580321602523327, -0.0480516143143177, 0.011394055560231209, 0.010190920904278755, 0.0009906002087518573, -0.022376632317900658, 0.029288245365023613, -0.015921806916594505, -0.0529177226126194, -0.003283291356638074, 0.01446977723389864, -0.022807197645306587, 0.008671686053276062, -0.0035210014320909977, -0.010580230504274368, -0.04001540690660477, 0.01650349237024784, -0.016752807423472404, -0.00902544241398573, 0.034832123667001724, -0.01677248626947403, -0.014060822315514088, -0.0019698317628353834, -0.04929536581039429, -0.05576777830719948, 0.02593889646232128, -0.01609756425023079, -0.032617539167404175, -0.06904731690883636, -0.0007361512980423868, -0.0019647027365863323, 0.025060664862394333, -0.019548695534467697, 0.0006416860269382596, -0.06196792796254158, 0.04288845881819725, -0.022991104051470757, 0.01125648245215416, -0.011135132052004337, -0.024529583752155304, 0.004866188857704401, -0.1289484202861786, 0.07519055902957916, 0.010790282860398293, -0.02967865951359272, -0.02183525450527668, -0.01879715919494629, -0.0012518006842583418, 0.00037158714258112013, 0.06741860508918762, 0.008370613679289818, -0.031381797045469284, 0.007936647161841393, 0.0016865552170202136, -0.007028759457170963, -0.05784265697002411, 0.0017978108953684568, -0.01598711870610714, 0.003710235469043255, -0.0187281034886837, 0.02795473299920559, 0.02095184288918972, 0.015536305494606495, 0.009465855546295643, -0.018676582723855972, 0.03987167775630951, 0.01887059211730957, 0.018620913848280907, 0.03192869946360588, -0.00550337228924036, 0.0245947428047657, 0.05672214925289154, -0.0003372128412593156, -0.014659113250672817, 0.011934734880924225, -0.026504511013627052, -0.01538523007184267, 0.02974303625524044, -0.016516849398612976, -0.0323672853410244, -0.005920748226344585, 0.027101727202534676, 0.055389516055583954, -0.03630038723349571, -0.028876444324851036, 0.04198945313692093, -0.04032463580369949, -0.00922671053558588, 0.04495907574892044, 0.012523670680820942, 0.06440124660730362, 0.0259567778557539, 0.01854611746966839, 0.0071365442126989365, 0.00510098272934556, 0.0223300252109766, 0.007081060670316219, 0.054176632314920425, 0.006037167739123106, 0.018962940201163292, 0.023872118443250656, -0.04045673459768295, 0.02186398208141327, -0.03360281139612198, 0.048737552016973495, -0.03513604402542114, -0.014049898833036423, 0.021973630413413048, 0.013301043771207333, -0.05557235702872276, -0.02300213649868965, 0.002367995912209153, 0.07975855469703674, -0.005324432160705328, -0.029613954946398735, -0.035220492631196976, 0.013246234506368637, -0.04386327415704727, 0.02074567601084709, -0.0116809643805027, 0.0011730461847037077, 0.028865359723567963, 0.02459609881043434, -0.029550794512033463, 0.01439371332526207, 0.012750540859997272, -0.011694807559251785, -0.0035057025961577892, 0.04993991181254387, -0.00457402877509594, -0.016124475747346878, -0.030842840671539307, -0.000189275000593625, -0.01627042330801487, -0.014697556383907795, 0.01977478340268135, 0.05191395431756973, 0.018880696967244148, -0.042462121695280075, -0.01176885049790144, 0.024625515565276146, -0.046249520033597946, 0.007318881340324879, 0.004669180139899254, 0.01299390010535717, -0.006886408198624849, -0.019385728985071182 ]
<p>In "R - project" I am trying to estimate the panel data <code>lm</code> model with <code>plm</code> function. When I include 3 dummy variables into the regression it doesn't appear in the summary of the model, but when I estimate a simple <code>lm</code> model it appears.</p> <p>Why is it so? What should I do to estimate the statistics for those dummy variables?</p>
36,779
[ -0.032189205288887024, 0.0070791770704090595, -0.006757169030606747, 0.00930197723209858, -0.012716183438897133, -0.009844751097261906, -0.030202634632587433, -0.008405566215515137, 0.04393426328897476, -0.016844550147652626, 0.03186328709125519, 0.05572102591395378, 0.06944309175014496, 0.007325288839638233, 0.0002500448317732662, 0.005774930119514465, 0.013335912488400936, 0.0031317376997321844, 0.0008137914701364934, -0.018840951845049858, -0.01671578362584114, 0.05863083899021149, 0.01808328926563263, -0.014141897670924664, 0.026981966570019722, 0.07242438942193985, 0.008596690371632576, 0.006677702069282532, 0.021657539531588554, 0.02087514102458954, -0.021558480337262154, -0.0242456141859293, 0.020485403016209602, -0.03470086306333542, 0.008243562653660774, 0.007063146680593491, 0.018604904413223267, -0.024040602147579193, 0.024755503982305527, 0.007709961850196123, -0.00880515668541193, 0.007435250096023083, 0.009527258574962616, 0.02857152186334133, -0.014531999826431274, 0.012066897004842758, 0.03515852242708206, 0.0064572785049676895, 0.06318089365959167, -0.036352209746837616, 0.04930949583649635, 0.020927712321281433, 0.00548661220818758, 0.021014204248785973, -0.054580237716436386, 0.0159814041107893, 0.06676395982503891, 0.0770626813173294, -0.0016547100385650992, -0.047232165932655334, -0.0034742734860628843, -0.022566234692931175, 0.013580938801169395, -0.0167541541159153, -0.04067933186888695, 0.055771272629499435, -0.01271445956081152, -0.029990917071700096, 0.012732415460050106, -0.022215241566300392, 0.015880107879638672, -0.03143304958939552, 0.025589244440197945, 0.010906822979450226, 0.021662212908267975, -0.017615679651498795, -0.008808525279164314, 0.026323916390538216, 0.04082341864705086, 0.03304115682840347, 0.012230855412781239, 0.028416667133569717, 0.032261062413454056, 0.02176898531615734, -0.002802568022161722, 0.017517048865556717, 0.06818544119596481, -0.013183843344449997, 0.016773367300629616, 0.011867028661072254, -0.03220044821500778, 0.018507858738303185, 0.05687839910387993, 0.056616850197315216, -0.008500678464770317, 0.028525754809379578, -0.0009982266929000616, 0.05905216932296753, 0.03092091716825962, -0.01565087027847767, -0.016019467264413834, -0.018261121585965157, 0.01255993265658617, 0.02086917869746685, -0.02377246879041195, -0.007104302290827036, -0.04003472253680229, 0.001549139036796987, -0.012900147587060928, -0.04611222818493843, 0.00039649964310228825, 0.037105921655893326, -0.029605142772197723, -0.014191491529345512, -0.001332012820057571, -0.026794040575623512, -0.007501824758946896, 0.006299383006989956, 0.05455705523490906, 0.06207355856895447, 0.0010097295744344592, -0.03375431150197983, 0.0006781771080568433, -0.011050742119550705, -0.05569111928343773, 0.025144122540950775, 0.023625245317816734, -0.006038062274456024, -0.05296890810132027, 0.05676720291376114, 0.039950571954250336, -0.019495202228426933, 0.01652214489877224, 0.012318937107920647, 0.034770477563142776, -0.017123093828558922, -0.07204257696866989, -0.04148223623633385, 0.008372215554118156, -0.029451437294483185, 0.02343866415321827, -0.036749258637428284, -0.005895728245377541, 0.017649896442890167, 0.07518857717514038, -0.004515437409281731, 0.035341136157512665, 0.030568016692996025, 0.014231421984732151, 0.006171724293380976, -0.03268114849925041, -0.0067168003879487514, -0.04631075635552406, -0.05526937171816826, 0.014296133071184158, -0.07181072980165482, 0.013295303098857403, 0.03740152716636658, -0.014159523881971836, 0.025753039866685867, 0.023616552352905273, 0.009514602832496166, -0.009837552905082703, 0.021692046895623207, -0.005296639632433653, -0.048144564032554626, 0.046693090349435806, -0.026823686435818672, 0.032525062561035156, 0.00764870410785079, -0.011676701717078686, 0.007133269216865301, 0.015395543538033962, 0.06705412268638611, 0.011889041401445866, -0.009245222434401512, -0.015255996026098728, -0.004361990373581648, 0.004882548004388809, 0.023449666798114777, -0.08765900135040283, -0.03629474714398384, 0.03573304042220116, 0.01898408681154251, 0.019920462742447853, 0.006845292169600725, -0.016159888356924057, -0.031756941229104996, 0.02296743355691433, -0.02028331346809864, -0.052957288920879364, -0.062421996146440506, 0.013177396729588509, 0.037436749786138535, -0.03213706612586975, -0.03189900144934654, 0.007992514409124851, 0.027297334745526314, 0.007835478521883488, -0.018815897405147552, -0.01971820369362831, 0.003957022447139025, 0.020592859014868736, -0.014369551092386246, -0.006287832278758287, 0.03018885850906372, 0.08534904569387436, -0.020384300500154495, 0.05160708725452423, -0.021586474031209946, -0.02022468112409115, 0.021332137286663055, -0.03843257576227188, 0.01223516184836626, -0.03780645504593849, -0.01727495901286602, -0.00619890820235014, -0.027975408360362053, -0.006334460340440273, 0.06473230570554733, -0.04604296386241913, 0.04620968550443649, 0.023549484089016914, 0.0010729256318882108, 0.008348123170435429, -0.0007961957016959786, -0.002835009479895234, 0.04734219238162041, -0.00011804681707872078, 0.014864186756312847, -0.030898841097950935, -0.028601381927728653, 0.036433883011341095, -0.0223141647875309, -0.04359204322099686, 0.023507222533226013, 0.043732449412345886, -0.019500896334648132, -0.012330767698585987, 0.014555677771568298, 0.012976953759789467, -0.028252538293600082, 0.03653468191623688, -0.0039726789109408855, -0.0038775799330323935, -0.016710741445422173, 0.02675708197057247, -0.00699456175789237, 0.029357483610510826, -0.002033559139817953, 0.002246282296255231, 0.09164906293153763, -0.0002538722474128008, 0.022043505683541298, -0.03438098356127739, -0.011261733248829842, 0.042212676256895065, -0.03798934817314148, -0.006290936376899481, 0.028006887063384056, 0.03163892403244972, -0.010864592157304287, 0.03129362314939499, -0.05038592964410782, -0.002616842510178685, 0.061236366629600525, -0.050213661044836044, 0.008108307607471943, 0.011402878910303116, -0.06087944656610489, 0.02215597964823246, -0.022917570546269417, -0.029610762372612953, -0.018479228019714355, 0.025761764496564865, 0.02916290983557701, -0.025858204811811447, 0.02582848258316517, -0.020269889384508133, 0.000436474074376747, -0.0015069316141307354, -0.01043091993778944, 0.045094989240169525, -0.010927771218121052, -0.025392550975084305, -0.022183341905474663, -0.034076347947120667, -0.04902388155460358, 0.009470605291426182, 0.03949600085616112, -0.022140340879559517, 0.03584405034780502, -0.023476745933294296, -0.004203637596219778, -0.025929776951670647, -0.019714249297976494, 0.038492027670145035, -0.010092539712786674, -0.016128581017255783, -0.005457722581923008, -0.005022511817514896, -0.024240881204605103, 0.013722764328122139, -0.06969645619392395, -0.014488119632005692, 0.013291802257299423, -0.004706776235252619, -0.01678856648504734, 0.004582553636282682, -0.01351624634116888, 0.029090924188494682, 0.0034151740837842226, -0.015395660884678364, -0.06733505427837372, -0.06721113622188568, -0.012256481684744358, 0.043863438069820404, -0.01057479064911604, -0.012810328043997288, -0.009110524319112301, 0.05147799104452133, 0.011577721685171127, -0.03776903450489044, -0.06440979242324829, -0.030430996790528297, -0.03531941771507263, -0.06094229221343994, 0.06775476783514023, 0.01854141429066658, 0.019055470824241638, 0.04705866426229477, -0.007874746806919575, 0.02210332080721855, 0.033008359372615814, 0.012940561398863792, -0.007198056671768427, 0.011557873338460922, -0.024236338213086128, -0.04203192517161369, 0.03124585561454296, 0.02991856075823307, -0.005190930794924498, -0.030453583225607872, -0.0459747314453125, 0.02924867533147335, -0.016389818862080574, -0.0633196160197258, 0.0006427657208405435, -0.041673749685287476, -0.0008139388519339263, -0.029927663505077362, 0.014213214628398418, 0.009741353802382946, -0.03899484500288963, -0.031331341713666916, -0.014385915361344814, 0.0061965747736394405, -0.02409018762409687, -0.006038861349225044, 0.028176123276352882, -0.018272049725055695, -0.024469194933772087, 0.034106820821762085, -0.03779842332005501, -0.00963629875332117, 0.002937783719971776, 0.018292851746082306, -0.02369353547692299, 0.05169839784502983, 0.0563376247882843, -0.0024611379485577345, -0.011819722130894661, -0.02313641831278801, 0.0071243098936975, -0.08764827251434326, -0.026495425030589104, 0.0009856770047917962, 0.052873797714710236, 0.01721467263996601, 0.06442803144454956, 0.01872141845524311, -0.011568906717002392, 0.008361629210412502, -0.04153694957494736, -0.044697411358356476, 0.020881840959191322, 0.0023792546708136797, -0.00717351958155632, 0.02549397572875023, -0.026774916797876358, 0.01531387958675623, -0.04019865393638611, 0.015596670098602772, -0.015408955514431, 0.00003969935278291814, -0.016332490369677544, -0.007675844710320234, 0.026615571230649948, -0.019227122887969017, 0.014684143476188183, 0.019746750593185425, 0.014641975983977318, -0.020921673625707626, 0.0020682315807789564, 0.05417230725288391, -0.03358021378517151, -0.016159923747181892, -0.06725571304559708, -0.013518852181732655, -0.0025615610647946596, 0.06549227237701416, 0.054103463888168335, -0.004538551904261112, -0.03940535709261894, 0.032790716737508774, -0.0010202559642493725, 0.05387691408395767, 0.06536609679460526, 0.026564622297883034, -0.008891499601304531, 0.0018045271281152964, -0.011535980738699436, 0.031007664278149605, -0.003163543064147234, -0.004645791370421648, -0.009377842769026756, 0.06996244937181473, 0.04065069183707237, -0.0027445126324892044, -0.0060958899557590485, 0.039712242782115936, 0.041445400565862656, 0.02633660100400448, -0.04650620371103287, -0.010052354075014591, -0.010165045037865639, -0.011746815405786037, 0.049355681985616684, 0.010000000707805157, 0.026365429162979126, -0.00612786877900362, 0.0345400795340538, -0.03563118353486061, -0.0373397134244442, 0.012944254092872143, 0.04227874055504799, 0.030795946717262268, -0.011833610944449902, -0.02524125762283802, 0.005966578610241413, 0.06721547245979309, 0.0052675725892186165, 0.009922252036631107, -0.028700413182377815, -0.07003822177648544, 0.033835072070360184, 0.025523899123072624, 0.040976762771606445, -0.07548794150352478, -0.04226015508174896, -0.02359669655561447, 0.01687910035252571, -0.00393142132088542, -0.02946758083999157, -0.009098155423998833, -0.028456686064600945, 0.03231155872344971, -0.015327295288443565, -0.022457867860794067, -0.0728098675608635, 0.003678919980302453, -0.0316205695271492, 0.034738689661026, -0.03775462880730629, -0.03241932764649391, -0.04879003390669823, 0.07584074139595032, 0.03316237032413483, 0.013989577069878578, -0.03476503863930702, 0.010549172759056091, 0.005334879737347364, 0.01086095068603754, -0.02341422066092491, -0.031249133870005608, 0.01336133573204279, -0.032673679292201996, 0.02078482136130333, 0.023660216480493546, -0.011040588840842247, -0.03911834955215454, -0.00545972865074873, 0.051636628806591034, 0.016488276422023773, -0.021212413907051086, -0.054166145622730255, 0.012072714976966381, 0.009704393334686756, -0.005713179241865873, 0.047423481941223145, -0.008168278262019157, 0.01415383443236351, 0.023364976048469543, -0.04597482830286026, -0.0033354053739458323, -0.011080089025199413, -0.03779211267828941, -0.017457328736782074, -0.022345492616295815, 0.023913277313113213, 0.011476668529212475, 0.025629673153162003, 0.027865629643201828, -0.04935354366898537, 0.007994583807885647, 0.007181993685662746, -0.011467622593045235, -0.02258998714387417, -0.006360126193612814, 0.005656215827912092, 0.02295980229973793, -0.0003339247195981443, -0.0183677077293396, -0.005011331290006638, -0.025825362652540207, 0.0052954331040382385, 0.013100757263600826, 0.018182044848799706, 0.02445690520107746, -0.007207208313047886, -0.02162882685661316, 0.021149933338165283, -0.007365560624748468, 0.029260870069265366, -0.04685351997613907, 0.04051461070775986, -0.03554574027657509, -0.032549578696489334, -0.0030129209626466036, -0.030363304540514946, -0.017253778874874115, 0.03753262385725975, -0.05803317949175835, 0.0425768606364727, -0.009711780585348606, -0.01853056252002716, -0.03301652893424034, -0.06236282363533974, 0.022726111114025116, 0.018633371219038963, -0.024489019066095352, -0.012788360938429832, -0.053579121828079224, -0.04182480648159981, -0.05262584611773491, 0.005145121365785599, 0.05797944962978363, -0.04232131317257881, 0.015995129942893982, -0.020431628450751305, 0.014623953029513359, 0.0681624636054039, 0.0010965472320094705, -0.00863507017493248, 0.0316278412938118, -0.03703770786523819, -0.052524834871292114, -0.03725309297442436, -0.04078017920255661, -0.005621914751827717, 0.01158621720969677, -0.03203895315527916, 0.010071869008243084, 0.04064708948135376, -0.03335452452301979, -0.003468542592599988, 0.048158641904592514, 0.004497213289141655, -0.03743072971701622, -0.060105711221694946, 0.03206150233745575, -0.008468328975141048, 0.007165670860558748, -0.05075521394610405, 0.01836775243282318, 0.016568465158343315, -0.001959888730198145, 0.036037661135196686, -0.02816380374133587, -0.03764794394373894, -0.016039151698350906, 0.09478829801082611, 0.025322843343019485, 0.028667956590652466, 0.008096376433968544, 0.0015352711779996753, 0.05322706326842308, -0.0021847488824278116, 0.0027915099635720253, 0.0023815541062504053, 0.05003349110484123, -0.030467934906482697, -0.015570946037769318, -0.037049341946840286, 0.027578163892030716, 0.040777891874313354, -0.03427327424287796, 0.05716494470834732, 0.032550130039453506, -0.016151484102010727, 0.0045045847073197365, -0.0414995513856411, -0.0172028299421072, 0.009338157251477242, 0.0064485939219594, 0.06352050602436066, 0.0038552682381123304, -0.0035474677570164204, 0.0583471842110157, 0.018674666061997414, 0.002477632137015462, 0.04318337142467499, -0.018978161737322807, -0.0031187250278890133, -0.018675725907087326, 0.014738851226866245, -0.06227434426546097, -0.005730184260755777, -0.004769681021571159, 0.0017793565057218075, -0.056083761155605316, -0.009139562956988811, 0.034068088978528976, 0.024434328079223633, -0.0011926906881853938, -0.0597144216299057, -0.020955046638846397, 0.004324099514633417, 0.010756850242614746, 0.03209926560521126, 0.004467610735446215, 0.005080902483314276, -0.014147473499178886, 0.0446525476872921, -0.011232513003051281, 0.047541674226522446, -0.014763396233320236, -0.0977751687169075, -0.042614713311195374, -0.031671326607465744, -0.0039528957568109035, 0.030370540916919708, 0.006284361705183983, -0.009536398574709892, 0.026821566745638847, -0.02393685281276703, 0.02952219545841217, -0.024870432913303375, 0.061217766255140305, 0.02190333418548107, 0.03846704214811325, 0.05096419155597687, 0.004142594523727894, -0.06552081555128098, 0.006807254161685705, 0.12564139068126678, 0.05718027055263519, 0.06776383519172668, -0.08314524590969086, 0.017894763499498367, 0.027602607384324074, 0.005307640414685011, 0.013400228694081306, -0.014480272307991982, -0.007428511045873165, 0.0019974294118583202, 0.03842317312955856, 0.038544949144124985, 0.000887709844391793, 0.013383409939706326, -0.008428698405623436, -0.04950491338968277, -0.04094954580068588, 0.012062241323292255, 0.01689021661877632, 0.017550379037857056, -0.02511926181614399, -0.059410400688648224, 0.0030605285428464413, 0.02872285433113575, -0.027241630479693413, -0.01759091392159462, -0.011596828699111938, -0.03209761157631874, -0.035936061292886734, -0.05248234421014786, 0.001829670392908156, 0.04005546495318413, 0.014222410507500172, 0.011737850494682789, 0.013139773160219193, 0.013663744553923607, -0.03301062434911728, -0.004006491508334875, 0.0027204412035644054, -0.01398762222379446, 0.019787099212408066, -0.009287380613386631, 0.014386693947017193, -0.056689921766519547, -0.000252161524258554, 0.0012501395540311933, 0.04547480493783951, -0.008904287591576576, 0.01564875990152359, -0.027126412838697433, 0.03218022361397743, -0.018542252480983734, -0.03193017840385437, -0.018618015572428703, 0.017681287601590157, 0.018633773550391197, -0.00886311661452055, -0.025273969396948814, -0.004824438598006964, -0.0020246696658432484, -0.03288773074746132, 0.03955914452672005, 0.038241732865571976, -0.040621984750032425, 0.020410766825079918, -0.03853679075837135, 0.05518896505236626, -0.039583247154951096, 0.020211810246109962, 0.0007316284463740885, -0.04571475088596344, -0.008637804538011551, -0.01904500648379326, 0.04652601480484009, 0.03861076757311821, -0.015568946488201618, -0.014644729904830456, 0.012058006599545479, -0.008653102442622185, -0.03893066570162773, -0.0007157662766985595, -0.02483915537595749, 0.0222927276045084, -0.05582001805305481, 0.027248993515968323, 0.04987871274352074, 0.04764191806316376, -0.011206431314349174, -0.01285924669355154, 0.003120246110484004, 0.04179657623171806, -0.0046935854479670525, -0.04473324865102768, 0.0039578829891979694, 0.007233425509184599, -0.030646294355392456, -0.029057102277874947, -0.008209497667849064, 0.04093306139111519, 0.026826167479157448, 0.015636665746569633, -0.011683586053550243, 0.037641432136297226, -0.005505139008164406, 0.014931917190551758, 0.032213207334280014, -0.0332818441092968, 0.012331080622971058, 0.011381442658603191, 0.009049768559634686, -0.01824972964823246, -0.01490972563624382, -0.017817776650190353, -0.05242283269762993, 0.032472267746925354, -0.037811197340488434, -0.066435307264328, 0.022886769846081734, 0.006194121204316616, 0.030450914055109024, -0.00396458525210619, 0.009180890396237373, -0.05542256683111191, 0.0002494769578333944, 0.016148950904607773, -0.060550007969141006, -0.023615757003426552, 0.02757120691239834, -0.04036207124590874, 0.020546412095427513, 0.023209348320961, 0.011607173830270767, 0.026240050792694092, 0.00028042541816830635, 0.02378092147409916, -0.006671688985079527, 0.04635078087449074, 0.009447080083191395, -0.030006878077983856, 0.0066398740746080875, -0.024516897276043892, -0.015321261249482632, 0.018859678879380226, -0.029746120795607567, 0.0820070132613182, 0.03523625433444977, 0.025266196578741074, -0.029284588992595673, 0.04500695317983627, -0.055462777614593506, -0.007406522985547781, -0.012681704945862293, 0.03231814131140709, 0.04724929481744766, -0.011476974934339523, -0.005238502286374569, 0.001535705290734768, -0.022138018161058426, 0.006612427067011595, 0.07459089905023575, -0.01213553175330162, -0.01962418295443058, 0.0012163325445726514, -0.02181781642138958, 0.017695100978016853, 0.008949772454798222, -0.006816857028752565, 0.013603675179183483, 0.033550165593624115, -0.012517832219600677, 0.04227396845817566, -0.025902509689331055, 0.015361612662672997, -0.10083920508623123, -0.03131983429193497, -0.002577699488028884, 0.013723250478506088, 0.01892690733075142, -0.05357610434293747, 0.007373986765742302, 0.015382852405309677, -0.027721118181943893, 0.013188032433390617, 0.03126206621527672, -0.03236537426710129, -0.01514776237308979, -0.021442385390400887, -0.008418774232268333, 0.019890673458576202, 0.031653936952352524, -0.005999413318932056, 0.028615370392799377, 0.03147031366825104, 0.007316445931792259, -0.026444587856531143, -0.050727516412734985, -0.018997082486748695, 0.019322991371154785, -0.01261866558343172, 0.035237252712249756, -0.05104666203260422, -0.004624147899448872, 0.03965228796005249, -0.012273719534277916, 0.020566770806908607, 0.028299899771809578, 0.0073628053069114685, 0.024216916412115097, 0.025531938299536705, 0.06430713087320328, 0.012640226632356644, 0.006063961423933506, -0.01583258993923664, 0.03569324314594269, -0.005640215240418911, -0.0017762415809556842, 0.008878816850483418, 0.019394975155591965, 0.018058549612760544, -0.0007134066545404494, 0.00004776033529196866, -0.0036673906724900007, -0.009551702067255974, -0.0004584550333674997, 0.019184524193406105, 0.012820320203900337, -0.061993494629859924, 0.023729562759399414, -0.02546418458223343, -0.013966473750770092, 0.009210164658725262, 0.04667516052722931, -0.040838565677404404, 0.002163004595786333, -0.009666403755545616, -0.01579728163778782, 0.025838393718004227, -0.010011178441345692, -0.021062040701508522, -0.026853641495108604, 0.014133909717202187, 0.0373554453253746, 0.023524023592472076, -0.04329846054315567, 0.009645137935876846, -0.030180850997567177, 0.036659978330135345, -0.031135352328419685, -0.033756356686353683, -0.013492275029420853, -0.02485830709338188, 0.011149887926876545, -0.11062584072351456, 0.061356671154499054, 0.01946827583014965, -0.04021148756146431, -0.019787020981311798, -0.02582916058599949, -0.033801861107349396, 0.049721859395504, 0.03350641578435898, 0.0015971496468409896, 0.013682905584573746, 0.009586276486515999, 0.03383585810661316, 0.013508862815797329, -0.024144643917679787, 0.07103101164102554, 0.026217810809612274, -0.03398315608501434, -0.005088712554425001, -0.011627353727817535, 0.04758410528302193, 0.04782617837190628, 0.02477441355586052, 0.01456459891051054, 0.005837820935994387, 0.005276672542095184, -0.017774634063243866, 0.0323365181684494, 0.004074625670909882, -0.003439230378717184, 0.0674799382686615, -0.005172304343432188, 0.01049649529159069, 0.018260672688484192, 0.011401981115341187, -0.05605121701955795, 0.032233431935310364, -0.008685389533638954, -0.029608288779854774, 0.022260397672653198, 0.0013667178573086858, -0.004138542339205742, -0.06837645173072815, 0.007498459424823523, -0.019322624430060387, -0.016595041379332542, 0.026058414950966835, 0.042753156274557114, -0.004908998496830463, 0.031553447246551514, 0.012806680053472519, 0.024656660854816437, -0.004747928585857153, 0.0025315771345049143, 0.003662671661004424, 0.04321103170514107, 0.04409058764576912, 0.0026926426216959953, 0.0033593580592423677, 0.03712378069758415, -0.02573615312576294, 0.011757147498428822, -0.037205927073955536, 0.05268663540482521, -0.02227078564465046, -0.014774292707443237, 0.027476534247398376, -0.01886538788676262, 0.025291280820965767, 0.006902412045747042, -0.006711249239742756, 0.046348098665475845, -0.04357261583209038, 0.006440757308155298, -0.01947173662483692, 0.016259096562862396, -0.008236654102802277, -0.0004543855902738869, -0.009364691562950611, 0.03582996502518654, 0.01674695312976837, -0.0037894845008850098, -0.013123471289873123, -0.011784701608121395, -0.006431797984987497, 0.004168349783867598, -0.015628769993782043, -0.01739162765443325, 0.0018435651436448097, 0.0010774685069918633, -0.02965071052312851, -0.008904227055609226, 0.011299969628453255, 0.03398746997117996, 0.027656467631459236, 0.013074258342385292, -0.0952955111861229, -0.04149799048900604, 0.011225821450352669, 0.038240354508161545, -0.04840593412518501, -0.0173958633095026, -0.039059385657310486, 0.005716724321246147, 0.00608969759196043, -0.003354990854859352 ]
<p>here is my situation. I am weighting a packet of material that has 10 individual units in it. In the end of the day I would like to know the average weight and variance of the individual units but the problem is that I cannot weight each unit individually since I would have to destroy the packet to get to the individual units. So in lieu of this, I am trying to make an inference of the individual units from what I know about the packets. I weighed 10 packets (hence I have 100 individual units). I was able to figure out the average weight of the units but am having trouble with the variance. Here is what I have done so far:</p> <p>$$ \begin{split} \bar{y}&amp;=\frac{1}{10}\sum^{10}_{i=1}y_i\\ &amp;=\frac{1}{10}\sum^{10}_{i=1} (x_{i,1}+x_{i,2}+...+x_{i,10})~~[since~y_i=x_{i,1}+x_{i,2}+...+x_{i,10}]\\ &amp;=\frac{1}{10}\sum^{100}_{j=1}x_j\\ &amp;=\frac{1}{10}(100~\bar{x})=10~\bar{x} \end{split} $$</p> <p>thus we have the average of $x$, $\bar{x}=\frac{\bar{y}}{10}.$ But now my challenge is how to do I find variance of $x$ given the variance of $y$? Any suggestions? Thanks!</p> <p>::::UPDATE::::</p> <p>After some thought I came up with this reasoning: $$ \begin{split} \frac{1}{10}var(y)&amp;=var(\bar{y})\\ &amp;=var(10~\bar{x})\\ &amp;=100~var(\bar{x})\\ &amp;=100~\frac{1}{100}var(x)~~[assuming~that~all~x~are~i.i.d.]\\ &amp;=var(x) \end{split} $$</p> <p>thus we have $var(x)=\frac{1}{10}var(y).$ I am correct in that if we assume that all the individual units share the same common variance and are independent of each other, this result holds?</p>
74,117
[ -0.005037069786339998, -0.019037438556551933, 0.02876797318458557, -0.038653355091810226, 0.036638110876083374, 0.000619014841504395, 0.006963037420064211, -0.024622736498713493, 0.032864511013031006, -0.042260147631168365, 0.05274956673383713, 0.06416790187358856, 0.06795012205839157, 0.05318569391965866, 0.0050033810548484325, 0.03640678524971008, -0.00526017090305686, 0.026237433776259422, 0.012809624895453453, -0.04532327130436897, -0.017916128039360046, -0.010363048873841763, 0.0037407290656119585, -0.022767597809433937, -0.02628319151699543, 0.02248995006084442, 0.01631336659193039, -0.03133099526166916, -0.0026290977839380503, 0.05443920940160751, -0.024544527754187584, -0.02632889896631241, 0.026867300271987915, -0.0010735156247392297, 0.025254765525460243, -0.01778271235525608, -0.0299970805644989, -0.03707874193787575, -0.008460000157356262, 0.03779793158173561, -0.050774332135915756, 0.021644266322255135, 0.0011007369030267, -0.03564934432506561, -0.012874169275164604, 0.03399815037846565, 0.025129511952400208, -0.011708204634487629, 0.029108675196766853, -0.06426206231117249, 0.049571502953767776, 0.005995283834636211, 0.01988610439002514, 0.034452930092811584, -0.010357282124459743, -0.02953098528087139, 0.029455062001943588, 0.046647414565086365, -0.0058598266914486885, -0.053824253380298615, 0.0017489207675680518, -0.007362953387200832, 0.008081396110355854, -0.03089035302400589, -0.032494593411684036, -0.039458487182855606, 0.02197161316871643, -0.01338906865566969, -0.005678046029061079, -0.05411858484148979, 0.053476523607969284, 0.02001769281923771, 0.029828572645783424, -0.02153240144252777, -0.02771933190524578, 0.04511803388595581, 0.01803555153310299, 0.04717037081718445, 0.05076449364423752, 0.06152758374810219, 0.017736773937940598, 0.005871722474694252, 0.0306436475366354, 0.010031262412667274, 0.007884537801146507, -0.02798204869031906, 0.07540975511074066, -0.006880942266434431, 0.018310464918613434, 0.03782648220658302, 0.02557487227022648, 0.0007428911048918962, 0.07167001068592072, 0.0030400813557207584, -0.013568652793765068, 0.030933642759919167, -0.029481593519449234, 0.006650508847087622, -0.014179768972098827, -0.0026902765966951847, 0.001396947423927486, -0.06396395713090897, 0.059113599359989166, 0.10159948468208313, -0.021397268399596214, -0.03950188308954239, 0.015383494086563587, 0.013925742357969284, 0.014380266889929771, -0.005811252165585756, 0.007141024339944124, 0.037558577954769135, 0.01145350094884634, 0.010469981469213963, 0.01412289496511221, 0.0014654059195891023, 0.007569002453237772, -0.030239302664995193, 0.038022082298994064, 0.054641880095005035, 0.04056059941649437, -0.038315482437610626, 0.03268883749842644, -0.015145763754844666, -0.005900737829506397, 0.02648274041712284, 0.005829378962516785, -0.01674920879304409, -0.01294494979083538, 0.04564134404063225, 0.009548157453536987, -0.05109412223100662, 0.03873755410313606, -0.005544363055378199, -0.006577087100595236, -0.014520288445055485, -0.10503038763999939, -0.019817184656858444, 0.03341083973646164, -0.04107395187020302, -0.0044422089122235775, -0.03983616456389427, -0.00475219776853919, 0.022876163944602013, 0.030175533145666122, -0.004285779781639576, 0.06518247723579407, 0.026921559125185013, 0.01011671219021082, 0.013972682878375053, -0.004299561493098736, -0.04071264714002609, -0.0029853638261556625, -0.005283186677843332, 0.033298712223768234, -0.02764415182173252, -0.004096955060958862, 0.03236827254295349, -0.03580274060368538, 0.0011200684821233153, -0.0069569810293614864, 0.020448023453354836, -0.013187634758651257, 0.008439037017524242, 0.01992693543434143, -0.047025829553604126, 0.06925598531961441, 0.009870265610516071, -0.0004348216170910746, 0.0017784327501431108, -0.0015542511828243732, -0.02758239582180977, 0.0011951826745644212, 0.001911630854010582, 0.0749872550368309, -0.018963219597935677, -0.009789370000362396, -0.03127821907401085, -0.03469289839267731, 0.03635917976498604, -0.029599269852042198, -0.03225148096680641, -0.03513786941766739, -0.0069394963793456554, 0.04853258281946182, 0.044037215411663055, 0.013928698375821114, 0.009878634475171566, 0.03028910607099533, -0.04927920177578926, -0.05355748161673546, -0.052591122686862946, -0.0038296428974717855, 0.01658274233341217, -0.03160290792584419, -0.009430522099137306, -0.024967864155769348, -0.012078295461833477, 0.009309492073953152, -0.025561243295669556, -0.03645515441894531, 0.043175481259822845, 0.04711788147687912, -0.030484767630696297, -0.00028992476291023195, 0.030475104227662086, 0.05231852829456329, -0.005612182430922985, -0.005126426927745342, -0.03310578316450119, -0.03316023573279381, 0.004727020859718323, -0.011992517858743668, 0.005620558280497789, -0.006010027602314949, -0.04181364178657532, 0.047824349254369736, -0.024788418784737587, 0.002127638552337885, 0.010585546493530273, -0.036837995052337646, 0.03553541377186775, 0.09442435204982758, -0.007028424181044102, -0.025019317865371704, 0.017834678292274475, 0.004193028900772333, 0.03886062651872635, -0.00008959682600107044, -0.026006165891885757, -0.06372895836830139, -0.016159813851118088, 0.014399666339159012, 0.05109499394893646, -0.02510151080787182, -0.005560638848692179, 0.048230789601802826, 0.02240646444261074, 0.003509984817355871, -0.003903846489265561, -0.0032217709813266993, -0.010570308193564415, 0.011955521069467068, 0.011106790974736214, 0.03726888447999954, 0.011528276838362217, -0.0016652158228680491, 0.03993898630142212, 0.01958034560084343, 0.025977175682783127, 0.0015587951056659222, -0.013214834034442902, 0.02846405655145645, 0.005765195935964584, 0.005197674967348576, -0.02897871658205986, 0.06061924248933792, -0.02291088178753853, -0.0038520817179232836, 0.061244361102581024, 0.006114600691944361, -0.013658796437084675, 0.0016114705940708518, -0.02812008000910282, -0.008047041483223438, -0.0024500482250005007, -0.03871007263660431, -0.013915653340518475, -0.0026157095562666655, -0.006147510372102261, 0.016255667433142662, 0.03127145767211914, 0.004090826492756605, -0.007553148549050093, -0.01870676502585411, 0.010423208586871624, 0.030106138437986374, -0.01977827586233616, -0.027480920776724815, -0.006100791040807962, 0.016983726993203163, -0.01427394337952137, 0.013043992221355438, 0.0028793965466320515, -0.04709522798657417, -0.006896967068314552, -0.026968402788043022, -0.0004082393425051123, 0.045592050999403, -0.013727664947509766, -0.0305789727717638, 0.06802669912576675, 0.011472784914076328, -0.048227377235889435, 0.0366852767765522, -0.002603276865556836, 0.006140663288533688, -0.05691045895218849, -0.019592728465795517, 0.004952897317707539, 0.02313653565943241, -0.058471329510211945, 0.021168524399399757, -0.06401721388101578, -0.03540061041712761, -0.04205286502838135, 0.02403831295669079, -0.01999109797179699, 0.022222544997930527, 0.007732477504760027, -0.0022989080753177404, 0.04206451401114464, -0.025279395282268524, -0.055053770542144775, -0.07682766020298004, -0.02275252528488636, 0.018322959542274475, 0.01472783274948597, 0.02891545183956623, -0.04526852071285248, 0.08642599731683731, 0.0029509796295315027, -0.05137724056839943, -0.00847183633595705, 0.03785780444741249, 0.024556763470172882, -0.04232863709330559, 0.03712807968258858, -0.01394686009734869, 0.01287161372601986, 0.010439494624733925, 0.04591093584895134, 0.035999223589897156, 0.0438036173582077, -0.0004499771457631141, -0.0052015334367752075, 0.011298011988401413, -0.013072791509330273, -0.020586960017681122, 0.025618383660912514, 0.031963299959897995, -0.016407722607254982, 0.0071243420243263245, -0.01230645552277565, 0.03581324592232704, -0.005853145848959684, -0.04690094664692879, 0.025634203106164932, -0.0013326435582712293, 0.008190573193132877, -0.03250537067651749, 0.03977479413151741, -0.017791759222745895, -0.04023299366235733, 0.015217172913253307, -0.0035230929497629404, 0.042092207819223404, 0.006361271254718304, 0.028621384873986244, 0.06825068593025208, 0.0810927003622055, 0.011090131476521492, -0.034067027270793915, -0.008433950133621693, -0.027706196531653404, 0.049647871404886246, -0.029840953648090363, -0.023592012003064156, 0.02151353470981121, 0.056049611419439316, 0.011236985214054585, -0.027995668351650238, -0.02094539813697338, 0.007129228673875332, -0.044949159026145935, -0.029051542282104492, -0.012268038466572762, 0.06300152838230133, -0.014421101659536362, 0.07724469155073166, -0.00359820993617177, -0.0344700925052166, -0.025923961773514748, -0.02089773863554001, -0.0751277431845665, 0.035236552357673645, 0.021805373951792717, -0.011270935647189617, 0.008705818094313145, -0.022710736840963364, 0.01628209464251995, -0.052106648683547974, 0.04008575156331062, -0.014044136740267277, 0.025435877963900566, -0.024872612208127975, 0.016046661883592606, -0.014934157952666283, -0.01572308875620365, -0.00940685998648405, 0.04230494052171707, 0.04565656930208206, -0.018793633207678795, 0.0008859687950462103, 0.005294203292578459, -0.013481201604008675, 0.015654057264328003, -0.050777632743120193, 0.004023006651550531, 0.03878210484981537, 0.03689786046743393, -0.00636304821819067, -0.003783827181905508, -0.0056752548553049564, -0.003180041676387191, 0.019298089668154716, 0.025563441216945648, 0.009786630980670452, -0.029421014711260796, -0.005937724839895964, -0.005191287025809288, 0.03403206542134285, -0.007108846679329872, -0.028726954013109207, -0.005836175289005041, 0.0029140908736735582, 0.05300045758485794, 0.027410825714468956, -0.039157964289188385, 0.026683183386921883, 0.04821165278553963, 0.006290821824222803, -0.00249864486977458, -0.0366131030023098, 0.02148396708071232, -0.02381727658212185, -0.00654482701793313, 0.018866777420043945, 0.004516675136983395, 0.0352790392935276, -0.003469338407739997, 0.04814319685101509, 0.023417692631483078, 0.013131135143339634, -0.005404272582381964, -0.010506664402782917, 0.03914043307304382, 0.003894349094480276, -0.04424193501472473, -0.008904428221285343, 0.029398983344435692, -0.019691841676831245, 0.026187939569354057, -0.00809319969266653, -0.03315297141671181, 0.00894918292760849, 0.01280123833566904, 0.05969301611185074, -0.032878194004297256, 0.03543543070554733, 0.014166714623570442, -0.01275663636624813, 0.05595454201102257, -0.0014661864843219519, 0.01411028765141964, -0.042389173060655594, 0.01066743116825819, 0.035641416907310486, -0.04354585334658623, -0.05107264965772629, 0.0048782010562717915, -0.019478987902402878, 0.01583840698003769, -0.0790175050497055, -0.013114974834024906, -0.009199262596666813, 0.000986521365121007, 0.02510405145585537, 0.03487631678581238, -0.05252688005566597, -0.0021008534822613, -0.008727545849978924, 0.05834376439452171, -0.009717702865600586, -0.05068902298808098, 0.023134693503379822, -0.009422014467418194, 0.00037135533057153225, 0.012831145897507668, -0.011892986483871937, -0.06409511715173721, 0.036426905542612076, -0.02142496593296528, 0.010492373257875443, 0.014255920425057411, -0.012052733451128006, 0.055264681577682495, 0.04630926623940468, 0.009572123177349567, 0.05379317328333855, 0.02422413043677807, -0.008207986131310463, 0.013521308079361916, -0.03720976784825325, 0.02979854680597782, -0.027138464152812958, -0.04868273437023163, -0.035231802612543106, 0.02804829552769661, 0.02356558106839657, 0.05369005724787712, -0.01810256950557232, 0.05242905393242836, -0.02639310248196125, -0.017787795513868332, 0.03180474042892456, 0.02872995100915432, -0.002809105906635523, -0.010988788679242134, 0.0011288697132840753, 0.01867128163576126, 0.0019301603315398097, -0.019248249009251595, -0.024540768936276436, 0.03455216810107231, -0.004405624698847532, -0.007892749272286892, -0.008275609463453293, -0.021472496911883354, -0.07164394110441208, -0.011057760566473007, 0.004693173337727785, -0.007091046776622534, 0.06237328052520752, 0.004216753412038088, 0.055767472833395004, -0.011279133148491383, -0.025451986119151115, -0.05198432505130768, 0.020181968808174133, -0.0022062454372644424, 0.027402568608522415, -0.031039133667945862, -0.014731848612427711, -0.031763769686222076, 0.020869305357336998, -0.07882196456193924, -0.03180759772658348, 0.007542189210653305, 0.011491500772535801, -0.012770826928317547, -0.024955742061138153, 0.0012548023369163275, 0.002932867966592312, -0.05317358300089836, -0.0850197970867157, 0.05024373158812523, -0.025233756750822067, -0.009265304543077946, -0.02909986488521099, 0.00909554585814476, 0.0783909484744072, -0.03345789387822151, -0.03842594847083092, 0.004838125314563513, -0.02180277183651924, 0.0036045308224856853, -0.012782631441950798, -0.022660447284579277, -0.026273088529706, -0.001124079222790897, 0.004479661583900452, -0.02953745238482952, 0.04660628363490105, -0.052498962730169296, -0.015318543650209904, 0.01904393918812275, 0.007019875571131706, -0.0166908111423254, 0.004963225219398737, 0.021383637562394142, -0.006971695926040411, 0.019231542944908142, 0.00009737175423651934, -0.01056750863790512, -0.027575599029660225, 0.01312464289367199, 0.04492056369781494, 0.016562579199671745, -0.04547939449548721, 0.03367490693926811, 0.07094507664442062, -0.0005357824265956879, -0.05532463639974594, 0.001429636962711811, -0.00017926805594470352, 0.010192847810685635, -0.01336693949997425, 0.0062614548951387405, 0.032023947685956955, 0.011772139929234982, -0.02772369422018528, -0.00894986279308796, -0.07302405685186386, 0.002116790506988764, 0.07355783879756927, 0.0023371288552880287, 0.017363857477903366, 0.048999328166246414, 0.014198669232428074, 0.02781073749065399, -0.024109182879328728, -0.006801366340368986, 0.02029152400791645, 0.010448025539517403, 0.053088974207639694, -0.007207738701254129, -0.02461591362953186, 0.03431801497936249, 0.03587780520319939, 0.0017687646904960275, 0.004386067856103182, -0.0366206020116806, 0.006024724338203669, 0.0007888504769653082, -0.03359677642583847, -0.05375203862786293, 0.013569271191954613, -0.061980001628398895, -0.029539309442043304, -0.07459624111652374, -0.024116050451993942, 0.02709907665848732, 0.039276767522096634, -0.010755354538559914, -0.04118579626083374, -0.02694615162909031, -0.0514555349946022, 0.006342975422739983, 0.02853296883404255, -0.017408519983291626, 0.017113910987973213, 0.027905119583010674, 0.027484789490699768, -0.030372342094779015, 0.031989969313144684, -0.02060604654252529, -0.039890356361866, -0.021452518180012703, 0.015090587548911572, -0.015935104340314865, 0.0031960681080818176, 0.009779170155525208, -0.00819793064147234, -0.012724715285003185, -0.012290209531784058, 0.06812462210655212, -0.0017287201480939984, 0.024579888209700584, 0.003300177864730358, 0.05425519496202469, -0.01674037240445614, 0.044568538665771484, -0.032455213367938995, 0.021981704980134964, 0.12379720062017441, 0.005029683001339436, 0.06495357304811478, 0.0028906704392284155, -0.024613110348582268, -0.02540692873299122, -0.0017448425060138106, -0.0008734021103009582, 0.012283429503440857, 0.020657747983932495, 0.018671220168471336, 0.01668505184352398, 0.046690989285707474, -0.000722540367860347, -0.01673266291618347, 0.05625540390610695, -0.04863183572888374, -0.0008559738053008914, 0.0007880504126660526, -0.00007835429278202355, -0.03402289003133774, -0.003909833263605833, -0.052912212908267975, 0.04771384224295616, 0.006889150943607092, -0.023254351690411568, -0.04889875650405884, -0.0016973225865513086, 0.010887974873185158, 0.011712695471942425, 0.0006484350305981934, 0.010163983330130577, 0.003346847603097558, -0.023649778217077255, -0.00019618812075350434, -0.029372688382864, 0.04362236335873604, -0.05353318154811859, 0.02964428812265396, 0.006466844584792852, 0.01078385952860117, 0.007121640257537365, 0.018997590988874435, 0.020205901935696602, -0.032690659165382385, -0.04072954133152962, -0.022273674607276917, 0.05596892535686493, -0.03063027188181877, -0.016583742573857307, -0.003098738379776478, -0.01973702199757099, -0.004336823709309101, -0.029319223016500473, 0.03151765465736389, 0.03738358989357948, 0.04657651484012604, -0.015759913250803947, 0.01967114955186844, -0.052303582429885864, 0.015566214919090271, -0.009792014956474304, 0.024413803592324257, 0.024236148223280907, -0.05241863802075386, -0.08736805617809296, 0.020864881575107574, 0.02705305628478527, 0.02909860946238041, -0.010491808876395226, -0.025132587179541588, -0.05994201824069023, 0.016351724043488503, -0.06490057706832886, 0.01796426996588707, 0.004139805678278208, 0.04932459443807602, -0.005016704555600882, -0.0058568743988871574, 0.0003158783947583288, -0.019694974645972252, -0.017102401703596115, -0.011879281140863895, 0.009135200642049313, -0.021680288016796112, -0.000025178513169521466, -0.030567483976483345, 0.04828117787837982, 0.004044295288622379, 0.005353221204131842, 0.017750468105077744, 0.062289077788591385, 0.009293043054640293, -0.005403236486017704, -0.004188984632492065, 0.017444126307964325, 0.006754618138074875, 0.025599926710128784, -0.006150789093226194, 0.056787073612213135, 0.04226512089371681, 0.004972467198967934, -0.022655658423900604, 0.012746221385896206, -0.025478500872850418, 0.000244475610088557, 0.01888641156256199, -0.04964548349380493, 0.03298652917146683, 0.050984449684619904, 0.00339795951731503, -0.05927566811442375, 0.013713706284761429, -0.017274023965001106, -0.05089585855603218, -0.033545542508363724, -0.016436142846941948, -0.011543338187038898, 0.006892464589327574, -0.03368356078863144, 0.02145438827574253, 0.006408082786947489, 0.015748964622616768, -0.013804789632558823, -0.007649932987987995, 0.0019663164857774973, -0.006355738267302513, -0.041523657739162445, -0.019955933094024658, 0.001671773148700595, -0.0018529316876083612, 0.06946603953838348, 0.023571036756038666, 0.0387672558426857, -0.03322970122098923, -0.013286631554365158, 0.021383389830589294, 0.03840754181146622, -0.004718766547739506, -0.008321203291416168, 0.035844892263412476, -0.020611276850104332, -0.011193905025720596, 0.06524663418531418, 0.02089441381394863, 0.056301698088645935, 0.054695744067430496, -0.021829452365636826, -0.03807881101965904, 0.01824645698070526, -0.03888506814837456, 0.011372196488082409, -0.05192813277244568, -0.013190296478569508, 0.018632344901561737, -0.04714205116033554, -0.02312243916094303, 0.022305607795715332, 0.010330019518733025, 0.017526734620332718, -0.005281738471239805, -0.01141541451215744, -0.012420927174389362, 0.013201544061303139, -0.0055258809588849545, -0.0061208391562104225, 0.006109822541475296, 0.006307720672339201, 0.003644392127171159, 0.06052396073937416, -0.05084529146552086, 0.008024493232369423, -0.02930407039821148, -0.013159812428057194, -0.08449704200029373, -0.036289095878601074, -0.008276545442640781, 0.03166799247264862, 0.019611220806837082, -0.0027129678055644035, 0.006486223544925451, 0.06808870285749435, -0.04735110327601433, 0.013123958371579647, -0.047625359147787094, -0.026812920346856117, -0.02825920656323433, 0.008454187773168087, -0.066285640001297, 0.004600599408149719, 0.0036310877185314894, 0.052680160850286484, 0.057333171367645264, 0.04767732694745064, 0.013204018585383892, -0.044825248420238495, -0.02078479900956154, -0.015832312405109406, 0.01804364286363125, -0.009771251119673252, 0.03506431728601456, -0.03735974058508873, -0.0026393781881779432, 0.00658665644004941, -0.019326476380228996, -0.0022032358683645725, -0.019224723801016808, 0.02813335880637169, -0.01087743230164051, 0.08351366966962814, -0.024172723293304443, 0.04087168350815773, 0.026601767167448997, -0.01458821166306734, 0.018977612257003784, 0.0045961071737110615, -0.00898958370089531, -0.004563389346003532, 0.02749864012002945, 0.015376697294414043, -0.03787861764431, 0.011019919998943806, -0.0047058239579200745, -0.04929133132100105, 0.016923973336815834, 0.029639553278684616, -0.023108404129743576, -0.02947784774005413, 0.03273731842637062, -0.03751840442419052, -0.009829781018197536, 0.05858208239078522, 0.008902736939489841, -0.02941261976957321, -0.03423624113202095, -0.004448849242180586, -0.041119012981653214, 0.0224904865026474, 0.021713322028517723, -0.05660264194011688, -0.04534079134464264, -0.03057905286550522, -0.0018523024627938867, 0.022443300113081932, 0.020101381465792656, -0.040358398109674454, -0.03202347457408905, 0.0015304125845432281, 0.0012652945006266236, -0.00394307728856802, -0.03725267946720123, 0.013691389001905918, 0.015635916963219643, -0.07669327408075333, 0.020033499225974083, 0.01486989390105009, -0.05552530661225319, -0.024212870746850967, -0.006701367441564798, -0.0412343293428421, 0.021712446585297585, 0.06662701815366745, -0.007945643737912178, -0.012091195210814476, -0.005503449589014053, 0.012434112839400768, 0.013333034701645374, -0.030815858393907547, 0.039373937994241714, -0.06010087579488754, -0.02695896103978157, 0.0026226434856653214, 0.024282991886138916, 0.0338280163705349, -0.002747278893366456, 0.03379787504673004, -0.008768037892878056, -0.05255540460348129, -0.023548603057861328, 0.004754944704473019, 0.010972452349960804, -0.00846677366644144, 0.017531735822558403, 0.01954292505979538, 0.007534680422395468, 0.005362220574170351, 0.03461155295372009, 0.019619496539235115, -0.057008419185876846, -0.025229094550013542, -0.00700007937848568, 0.010993427596986294, -0.006058782339096069, 0.04641450196504593, 0.02258836105465889, -0.0540279857814312, 0.008321695029735565, 0.04564680531620979, -0.020065762102603912, -0.035260967910289764, 0.04821847751736641, 0.0336780808866024, 0.026754645630717278, 0.04726715013384819, 0.033296532928943634, -0.016895245760679245, -0.026184039190411568, 0.04984339326620102, -0.00858735665678978, 0.01535213552415371, -0.01164877787232399, 0.012483833357691765, 0.026271220296621323, -0.025226226076483727, 0.023267993703484535, -0.012410732917487621, 0.00865210685878992, -0.024195043370127678, -0.008266683667898178, -0.005210340488702059, -0.05086555704474449, -0.026998866349458694, -0.00014323896903079003, -0.04306711629033089, 0.06959167122840881, -0.022541973739862442, -0.006384783424437046, -0.04243344068527222, -0.005818176548928022, -0.003637385554611683, 0.004209871403872967, -0.02490418218076229, 0.017070280387997627, 0.009081169962882996, -0.010038060136139393, -0.04003586620092392, -0.0027332131285220385, 0.004336601123213768, 0.00971478782594204, -0.00031061135814525187, -0.017883267253637314, 0.01794002391397953, -0.02315548248589039, -0.042038947343826294, -0.013018117286264896, -0.027413947507739067, 0.0173576008528471, 0.03428956866264343, 0.04213792458176613, -0.0012649382697418332, -0.025455109775066376, 0.018339768052101135, 0.04891783744096756, -0.028469374403357506, -0.0012177863391116261, -0.020014753565192223, 0.020839255303144455, 0.02334958128631115, -0.03538614138960838 ]
<p>It seems to me that normalized ERR (<a href="http://don-metzler.net/papers/metzler-cikm09.pdf" rel="nofollow">Expected Reciprocal Ranking</a>) scores (ERR scores of your ranking algorithm divided by ERR score calculated for the ground truth ranking) are more useful than the unscaled ERR scores, but I have not seen normalized scores being reported in the literature. Is there a good reason that the ERR scores are reported in raw rather than normalized format?</p>
74,118
[ -0.0021000888664275408, -0.018790602684020996, -0.011517799459397793, 0.014952210709452629, 0.016465166583657265, 0.030409831553697586, -0.011087540537118912, -0.033988963812589645, 0.011502710171043873, -0.0035209134221076965, 0.028140069916844368, 0.008525621145963669, 0.005180243868380785, 0.05723986029624939, -0.002433883026242256, -0.015059087425470352, 0.00734598096460104, 0.018123693764209747, 0.014936546795070171, -0.02872283384203911, 0.03216760605573654, 0.026655210182070732, -0.00201675808057189, -0.027648717164993286, 0.0019374227849766612, 0.028918219730257988, 0.02070171944797039, -0.02198575995862484, 0.008442980237305164, 0.05212267488241196, -0.04161767661571503, 0.014660526067018509, -0.023517770692706108, 0.013550503179430962, 0.03711024299263954, 0.022640399634838104, 0.010513214394450188, 0.030753223225474358, -0.054385554045438766, 0.023162489756941795, 0.016396624967455864, -0.012438131496310234, -0.007683070842176676, 0.033711615949869156, -0.00963241420686245, 0.03085101768374443, -0.033216264098882675, -0.008640890941023827, -0.014519525691866875, -0.0463094525039196, 0.03983726352453232, -0.018520202487707138, -0.02734695002436638, 0.003457438899204135, 0.0008784534875303507, 0.016721950843930244, 0.05356050655245781, 0.0572892390191555, 0.016992619261145592, -0.07981511205434799, -0.006190476939082146, -0.06125907972455025, -0.01456015557050705, 0.00674816919490695, -0.01314757950603962, 0.06010562181472778, 0.04959208890795708, -0.003155267797410488, 0.014414107427001, 0.008611926808953285, -0.011566908098757267, 0.028294356539845467, 0.025576846674084663, -0.05528448149561882, 0.03961827605962753, -0.031414736062288284, 0.023444274440407753, -0.01931620016694069, 0.0022081530187278986, 0.016109779477119446, 0.030728649348020554, -0.009028168395161629, 0.016912365332245827, 0.03661207854747772, 0.027454759925603867, 0.0008401575032621622, 0.0770287737250328, -0.036893878132104874, 0.02769525721669197, 0.020332561805844307, 0.023121723905205727, 0.0036039506085217, 0.042136743664741516, -0.028890719637274742, -0.035863447934389114, 0.016017433255910873, 0.008578594774007797, 0.034965552389621735, -0.006874933838844299, -0.022517317906022072, -0.0011659135343506932, -0.05892461910843849, 0.02611163631081581, 0.027620133012533188, 0.014932236634194851, 0.014819552190601826, -0.046485211700201035, 0.0030164774507284164, -0.02081206440925598, -0.022354111075401306, -0.019753776490688324, 0.0315856896340847, -0.020756077021360397, 0.025496339425444603, 0.03285955265164375, -0.0018995869904756546, 0.02755812183022499, 0.011199732311069965, 0.06651605665683746, 0.03900874778628349, 0.013679026626050472, -0.02277299575507641, -0.009747616946697235, -0.03689111769199371, -0.03860389441251755, 0.03181631863117218, 0.04149191454052925, -0.022807195782661438, -0.049827560782432556, 0.039019737392663956, -0.0031916028819978237, -0.0025191742461174726, 0.04068047180771828, 0.0161540936678648, 0.034809816628694534, 0.006952021270990372, -0.07836271077394485, -0.060181837528944016, 0.03519303351640701, 0.00872143916785717, 0.013663713820278645, -0.07403719425201416, -0.03863469511270523, 0.05259499326348305, 0.05380282923579216, 0.0256474781781435, 0.09074727445840836, 0.0016288054175674915, 0.05362727493047714, 0.021744433790445328, -0.024029649794101715, -0.012487751431763172, -0.024881726130843163, -0.022792814299464226, -0.031007595360279083, -0.09087727963924408, 0.026682861149311066, 0.03935441002249718, -0.00787013117223978, 0.01980830915272236, 0.0014473022893071175, 0.01143600046634674, -0.012392189353704453, 0.000824348593596369, -0.011675257235765457, -0.013733863830566406, 0.059621937572956085, 0.007139196619391441, 0.024479614570736885, 0.008372667245566845, 0.023440804332494736, 0.0075034829787909985, 0.009575370699167252, 0.0014728871174156666, 0.03874266520142555, -0.0033662046771496534, 0.015951722860336304, -0.07039028406143188, 0.029789378866553307, -0.0034705514553934336, -0.02815190888941288, -0.039054229855537415, -0.012086289003491402, 0.014416325837373734, 0.010917115956544876, 0.028017904609441757, -0.022509783506393433, -0.03192124888300896, 0.05577804893255234, -0.04079291224479675, -0.06377436220645905, -0.03130956366658211, 0.007146536838263273, -0.01068394910544157, 0.0095516974106431, 0.030392220243811607, -0.03405442088842392, 0.017331860959529877, -0.005454070866107941, 0.006840743590146303, -0.0021439362317323685, -0.024699071422219276, 0.06424318999052048, -0.05288400873541832, 0.0011968464823439717, 0.05361303314566612, 0.02947898395359516, -0.03612876310944557, 0.018808584660291672, -0.040511757135391235, -0.08767086267471313, -0.021837960928678513, -0.021623458713293076, 0.019409896805882454, -0.000488783698529005, -0.0394296832382679, -0.002621718216687441, 0.027702735736966133, -0.005052193999290466, -0.037472404539585114, -0.04696430638432503, 0.06660223752260208, 0.0394279882311821, 0.014929641038179398, -0.006362562067806721, -0.010717017576098442, 0.04894904047250748, -0.0072917696088552475, -0.006441317964345217, 0.03438955172896385, -0.0657457709312439, -0.03602994605898857, 0.06326306611299515, 0.01140487752854824, -0.0487370491027832, 0.008932623080909252, 0.04940681904554367, 0.02568882144987583, 0.009186374954879284, 0.026790468022227287, -0.012314005754888058, -0.048169881105422974, 0.029510915279388428, 0.0599597692489624, 0.02335236966609955, -0.017373742535710335, -0.012103431858122349, -0.03254527226090431, 0.031008131802082062, -0.01881539635360241, 0.0325353741645813, 0.02967015467584133, 0.015566620975732803, -0.01635342463850975, -0.009380686096847057, -0.0334872342646122, 0.033176351338624954, -0.013221406377851963, 0.002171504544094205, 0.03052816540002823, -0.036473702639341354, 0.018795620650053024, -0.021987712010741234, -0.023581113666296005, 0.03502235561609268, -0.011407376267015934, -0.07454383373260498, 0.020386792719364166, 0.04711175709962845, -0.036245062947273254, 0.013938358053565025, -0.04769354313611984, -0.003982566762715578, -0.059269875288009644, -0.0157020166516304, 0.021757811307907104, -0.015305276028811932, 0.00021213122818153352, -0.01619303785264492, 0.01490375492721796, 0.03753715381026268, 0.012271253392100334, -0.01255098171532154, 0.030776578933000565, -0.007763315457850695, -0.018028492107987404, -0.01187017373740673, -0.00809899065643549, 0.04059649631381035, 0.011101514101028442, -0.020187148824334145, 0.01844770833849907, 0.020495308563113213, 0.0045987749472260475, -0.04586781933903694, -0.04135129973292351, 0.026265740394592285, -0.02670307271182537, -0.030262788757681847, 0.06468195468187332, -0.008021174930036068, -0.049209073185920715, 0.018939370289444923, -0.01792505756020546, 0.009045676328241825, 0.004945654422044754, -0.004334249533712864, -0.009935044683516026, -0.016516154631972313, -0.01560286432504654, -0.0038164756260812283, -0.015068362466990948, 0.005915988702327013, -0.05380796268582344, -0.05620619282126427, 0.0243786983191967, -0.01082716416567564, 0.03305859491229057, 0.04337040334939957, -0.018752554431557655, 0.061388541013002396, 0.023398390039801598, -0.010059288702905178, -0.06087269261479378, 0.021244555711746216, -0.02846924588084221, 0.008827228099107742, -0.032338619232177734, 0.01560316514223814, 0.0024485569447278976, 0.017405586317181587, -0.045385755598545074, 0.04756713658571243, 0.03687962889671326, 0.011820786632597446, 0.03051924891769886, 0.018909679725766182, 0.03117338754236698, -0.046652600169181824, 0.04063105955719948, 0.0427444651722908, 0.0221660528331995, 0.007586117368191481, 0.04191198945045471, 0.0503249317407608, 0.000639336125459522, -0.05611998215317726, 0.0007771415403112769, -0.026081513613462448, 0.002719444688409567, -0.02271168678998947, 0.008007314056158066, 0.006967297755181789, -0.011652874760329723, -0.03144329786300659, 0.020542141050100327, -0.027672797441482544, -0.02090173028409481, 0.0095591451972723, 0.0401611290872097, 0.058675430715084076, -0.0016116860788315535, -0.02665124461054802, -0.013857705518603325, -0.04949010908603668, 0.02381446212530136, 0.0031487690284848213, 0.017078958451747894, 0.031411170959472656, 0.03467303514480591, 0.004332647193223238, 0.03429631516337395, -0.09570183604955673, -0.01251120027154684, -0.05697518587112427, 0.00383412535302341, -0.08310249447822571, 0.047095853835344315, 0.03275395184755325, 0.003123837523162365, -0.007193769793957472, -0.0068223737180233, -0.00893726758658886, 0.009891974739730358, -0.043058332055807114, 0.0047814249992370605, -0.07050587981939316, 0.007969699800014496, -0.021627582609653473, -0.0299917533993721, -0.016639087349176407, -0.006010311655700207, -0.009669634513556957, 0.042680397629737854, 0.060523997992277145, -0.04558798670768738, -0.0009040259756147861, 0.003600687487050891, 0.003862483659759164, -0.007884515449404716, -0.01192244328558445, -0.0009590476402081549, 0.004128204192966223, 0.03845556452870369, 0.034474536776542664, 0.0477549247443676, -0.015538997016847134, -0.014018945395946503, 0.03123101033270359, 0.02340068854391575, 0.012674443423748016, 0.008354974910616875, 0.007756938226521015, -0.044117432087659836, 0.0391206331551075, 0.0013587038265541196, 0.00360906682908535, -0.00007741530134808272, -0.020727289840579033, 0.0024281556252390146, -0.026204213500022888, -0.04215213283896446, 0.011844669468700886, -0.010238281451165676, -0.03194265440106392, 0.017074648290872574, 0.02111310511827469, 0.040238332003355026, -0.012768645770847797, -0.015253814868628979, 0.026554590091109276, 0.0032120058313012123, 0.012299614027142525, -0.0060690101236104965, -0.03699411451816559, 0.0030391421169042587, -0.046033747494220734, 0.0020858694333583117, 0.04169229045510292, 0.022310012951493263, 0.01751326397061348, 0.03528439253568649, -0.015408382751047611, -0.023262567818164825, -0.03649972379207611, -0.004270470701158047, 0.005108791869133711, -0.019689705222845078, 0.006541682872921228, -0.002411753637716174, 0.013426436111330986, 0.08360055834054947, -0.009446877986192703, -0.008623858913779259, -0.04595289006829262, -0.0064637865871191025, 0.05143282935023308, 0.05154143646359444, -0.01380892749875784, -0.015407315455377102, -0.030804725363850594, -0.01328542735427618, 0.03886503353714943, -0.01782415248453617, 0.01151962112635374, -0.018120670691132545, 0.01288093812763691, -0.04515478014945984, -0.013551745563745499, -0.02233271300792694, -0.00970331858843565, 0.011489628814160824, 0.06579311192035675, 0.0001486582332290709, -0.04319831356406212, -0.05493190884590149, -0.020020347088575363, -0.006493442691862583, 0.02327049896121025, 0.008264300413429737, 0.003896893933415413, -0.01431233435869217, -0.004236405249685049, -0.007994657382369041, -0.05465414747595787, -0.0003857431292999536, -0.00950443372130394, 0.02777564711868763, 0.05764452740550041, -0.013724499382078648, -0.004810943268239498, 0.03946150094270706, 0.026979781687259674, -0.015592146664857864, -0.01747736893594265, -0.0013477327302098274, 0.03422458842396736, 0.012555006891489029, -0.0006664302782155573, 0.05097304657101631, 0.014095551334321499, 0.0328739732503891, -0.0039004655554890633, -0.03126799315214157, 0.036900877952575684, -0.04579741507768631, -0.01410693023353815, 0.0015793656930327415, -0.005493584554642439, -0.020789332687854767, 0.014980202540755272, 0.019317947328090668, 0.074928879737854, -0.011026295833289623, -0.007435282692313194, -0.018078720197081566, -0.016675755381584167, -0.03459824621677399, -0.017961610108613968, 0.03579315170645714, -0.025918731465935707, -0.013390193693339825, -0.004869315307587385, 0.013059953227639198, -0.030697019770741463, 0.004904184956103563, 0.01863241195678711, -0.05739174410700798, 0.03059062920510769, -0.004737985786050558, 0.008218101225793362, 0.020139651373028755, -0.023118047043681145, 0.04424720257520676, -0.002095520496368408, 0.023330336436629295, 0.02028452232480049, -0.026441695168614388, -0.002751521533355117, 0.025318149477243423, -0.012909680604934692, 0.04640232399106026, -0.058671124279499054, 0.01627538353204727, -0.008131862618029118, 0.009105493314564228, -0.03816549479961395, -0.02082817256450653, 0.05074816942214966, -0.0030370557215064764, -0.05610013008117676, -0.015931222587823868, 0.003504066029563546, 0.011709512211382389, -0.04166331887245178, 0.008957739919424057, 0.057764556258916855, -0.03600689768791199, 0.0005619234871119261, 0.015212676487863064, -0.028505420312285423, 0.0696558952331543, -0.014022823423147202, 0.005113714840263128, 0.02340528927743435, 0.009940889663994312, -0.007937821559607983, -0.0392889566719532, 0.02710200473666191, -0.03885253518819809, -0.04108665883541107, -0.03337254002690315, -0.009717480279505253, 0.013999643735587597, 0.03421951085329056, -0.006354310549795628, 0.016002196818590164, -0.03635061904788017, 0.0013342658057808876, 0.028067681938409805, -0.03492949530482292, -0.016168763861060143, 0.005847359076142311, -0.019395878538489342, -0.03413567319512367, -0.0006802713614888489, -0.0025392069946974516, 0.005058693699538708, 0.01658783294260502, 0.017763078212738037, -0.001231333357281983, 0.07516057789325714, -0.010412274859845638, -0.014870558865368366, -0.011405457742512226, -0.060273125767707825, 0.02114754356443882, 0.011738945730030537, 0.03698026016354561, 0.010813938453793526, 0.04704153537750244, -0.016095522791147232, -0.03201581910252571, -0.010253043845295906, -0.005973142571747303, 0.044527601450681686, -0.004606724716722965, 0.029614964500069618, 0.03597729280591011, -0.005231304559856653, -0.008848578669130802, -0.027311159297823906, -0.0015828597825020552, -0.007305170875042677, 0.01898306794464588, 0.03181993216276169, -0.044338472187519073, -0.008908362127840519, -0.0023140970151871443, 0.034670889377593994, -0.01442644651979208, 0.02620488405227661, -0.005375561770051718, 0.01421119924634695, 0.01660829782485962, -0.029385944828391075, -0.025617752224206924, 0.08468315750360489, -0.08088801056146622, -0.007737788837403059, 0.04505719617009163, -0.053568169474601746, 0.06035324186086655, 0.028566068038344383, -0.02598167583346367, -0.030543824657797813, -0.01447295118123293, -0.04423118755221367, 0.01825028471648693, -0.016892224550247192, -0.07201222330331802, 0.008685141801834106, -0.004918337799608707, 0.025259312242269516, 0.0035105636343359947, 0.01766790635883808, -0.00836222618818283, -0.0876091867685318, -0.015565288253128529, -0.013425199314951897, -0.06630770862102509, 0.013760658912360668, -0.030091604217886925, -0.02515207789838314, 0.00007468061085091904, -0.054954804480075836, 0.0333024300634861, 0.0066066524013876915, 0.04308273270726204, -0.04822690412402153, 0.06503745913505554, 0.004876977764070034, -0.01030619814991951, 0.005388852674514055, -0.020893827080726624, 0.15114453434944153, 0.06317772716283798, 0.04219057783484459, -0.07529199123382568, 0.03355886787176132, 0.01508348248898983, 0.035062503069639206, -0.00220610573887825, -0.00130406953394413, 0.010323161259293556, -0.021800728514790535, 0.05416368320584297, 0.013417499139904976, 0.00048765112296678126, -0.07270188629627228, 0.025998800992965698, 0.0003591882123146206, -0.019024953246116638, 0.043060045689344406, 0.06520567089319229, -0.033503785729408264, -0.038115859031677246, -0.0026120662223547697, 0.021642634645104408, -0.010578077286481857, 0.013791047036647797, -0.00030127158970572054, -0.03361138701438904, -0.010987929999828339, -0.02111046016216278, -0.014146484434604645, -0.00724130729213357, 0.007675570901483297, 0.03582442179322243, 0.02231767401099205, 0.03686865046620369, -0.0030651497654616833, -0.039643265306949615, 0.007172636687755585, 0.024040162563323975, 0.02020939439535141, -0.0041044107638299465, 0.020708024501800537, 0.03833560273051262, -0.052514929324388504, -0.005239092744886875, -0.030010243877768517, 0.000868289964273572, -0.011970972642302513, 0.005106422584503889, -0.002665265928953886, -0.000999491778202355, 0.008133294060826302, -0.07254049926996231, 0.015078212134540081, 0.02240220084786415, 0.007658922113478184, -0.016574323177337646, -0.040587279945611954, 0.002420250326395035, 0.0004524107789620757, -0.005004563834518194, 0.05697323754429817, -0.01271569263190031, -0.047793589532375336, -0.05495759844779968, -0.04699946567416191, 0.05874371528625488, 0.03263876587152481, -0.007063659373670816, -0.05793164297938347, -0.005337937735021114, -0.0490058958530426, -0.012902064248919487, 0.01673373393714428, -0.018090253695845604, 0.09749840945005417, 0.010694125667214394, -0.0017250999808311462, -0.029742181301116943, -0.02870372124016285, 0.019894631579518318, -0.009496045298874378, 0.007163620088249445, -0.0745520144701004, -0.029580196365714073, 0.005047907121479511, 0.010904818773269653, 0.029366690665483475, 0.013556798920035362, 0.028734693303704262, 0.03944757208228111, -0.011782870627939701, -0.0033909548074007034, -0.01139698177576065, 0.005809824913740158, -0.05703626200556755, 0.018877923488616943, 0.003932669293135405, 0.042556170374155045, 0.005052483640611172, 0.01377760898321867, -0.03565821051597595, 0.0467899851500988, 0.00388468150049448, -0.01401712279766798, 0.007855981588363647, -0.030076459050178528, -0.024424782022833824, 0.029622802510857582, -0.012097969651222229, -0.035199396312236786, -0.0010515889152884483, -0.03573867306113243, -0.060306452214717865, 0.023079924285411835, -0.004040165804326534, -0.022677939385175705, 0.00039873033529147506, -0.036110274493694305, 0.048750899732112885, -0.02096768654882908, -0.01440021675080061, -0.008868489414453506, -0.008088367991149426, -0.0447353757917881, -0.02769313007593155, -0.037993043661117554, -0.019664425402879715, 0.021617546677589417, 0.008582254871726036, 0.03821900486946106, 0.029268864542245865, 0.0049659498035907745, -0.005688020959496498, -0.017799904569983482, -0.006273653823882341, 0.038674913346767426, -0.02016475982964039, -0.012659074738621712, 0.04101524502038956, -0.02732011489570141, -0.019086427986621857, 0.009442497044801712, 0.03543715178966522, 0.031765684485435486, -0.019714590162038803, -0.048947885632514954, -0.0280168280005455, 0.0651855394244194, -0.015036812983453274, -0.016599375754594803, -0.04122624546289444, 0.007716450374573469, 0.034479476511478424, 0.03327873349189758, -0.0004874391306657344, -0.0074808248318731785, -0.024051040410995483, -0.00406110193580389, 0.027996394783258438, -0.025639597326517105, 0.028089571744203568, 0.03807438910007477, -0.004824967123568058, -0.022906653583049774, 0.03513960912823677, 0.04575583338737488, 0.025965748354792595, 0.021533403545618057, -0.00232924846932292, 0.037090569734573364, -0.033884983509778976, 0.01677604950964451, -0.04683898389339447, -0.005232310388237238, 0.023737376555800438, -0.020821409299969673, 0.007522654253989458, -0.03425566107034683, -0.025708310306072235, 0.028094757348299026, -0.07743649184703827, 0.039538487792015076, 0.013560262508690357, -0.06861449033021927, -0.046139996498823166, 0.01740049570798874, 0.007210409734398127, 0.008904761634767056, 0.03380921855568886, 0.000029349988835747354, -0.0070993537083268166, 0.015995264053344727, -0.02939997985959053, 0.005313205067068338, -0.04904642701148987, 0.04939484968781471, -0.02344926819205284, -0.05114014819264412, 0.01842406392097473, -0.02540377341210842, -0.04917829856276512, 0.04609866440296173, 0.026114242151379585, 0.0032424754463136196, 0.03126825764775276, 0.04705764353275299, 0.044162504374980927, 0.04051978886127472, 0.015618112869560719, -0.01970355212688446, -0.023631969466805458, -0.004510167520493269, 0.035190001130104065, 0.031062262132763863, -0.036208316683769226, 0.015463336370885372, 0.02249814197421074, -0.020322995260357857, -0.02568373829126358, 0.05005897209048271, -0.03691830113530159, -0.044276896864175797, -0.016952406615018845, -0.006668734829872847, 0.017689675092697144, -0.022512787953019142, 0.062004927545785904, -0.020468682050704956, 0.00009390547347720712, 0.005323420278728008, -0.0031055037397891283, 0.009313340298831463, 0.027859415858983994, 0.01630806177854538, -0.03134361654520035, 0.0013316586846485734, -0.0052017285488545895, -0.0026180383283644915, -0.025782594457268715, -0.007815252989530563, 0.0036902797874063253, -0.013851157389581203, -0.018995603546500206, -0.012880204245448112, 0.0014637287240475416, 0.03788772597908974, -0.010364809073507786, 0.033921018242836, 0.01722463220357895, -0.0009309316519647837, 0.0157142523676157, -0.0740983784198761, 0.04027240350842476, 0.012565826997160912, -0.02452170103788376, -0.044301752001047134, -0.007284217979758978, -0.011882307939231396, -0.0020141585264354944, 0.05313795804977417, 0.009163388051092625, 0.019046081230044365, -0.02814616449177265, 0.009026876650750637, 0.008679521270096302, -0.05062684789299965, 0.025088563561439514, -0.01574070006608963, -0.0009683024254627526, -0.02612799033522606, -0.02778925932943821, 0.03258243948221207, 0.008040039800107479, 0.0076302760280668736, -0.040376897901296616, -0.01067301630973816, -0.006394147407263517, 0.002764707198366523, 0.026927242055535316, 0.018120158463716507, -0.024404149502515793, 0.054878149181604385, -0.004577287007123232, -0.0011083107674494386, 0.01199843268841505, 0.0021717750933021307, -0.035286057740449905, 0.04019017517566681, -0.022930072620511055, -0.040080755949020386, 0.0109210554510355, 0.030462272465229034, -0.0008710715337656438, -0.09109099209308624, -0.009722646325826645, 0.05823035538196564, -0.056460946798324585, -0.0034194346517324448, 0.02941461279988289, 0.028073515743017197, 0.04823470115661621, -0.016825785860419273, 0.048492323607206345, 0.039888378232717514, -0.016578419134020805, 0.014089892618358135, 0.014045529998838902, 0.05393437296152115, 0.047019362449645996, -0.012328974902629852, 0.02058052271604538, -0.0566653273999691, 0.04991502687335014, -0.013289970345795155, 0.03583858534693718, -0.02563093602657318, -0.002625380177050829, 0.05590377748012543, -0.02453872375190258, 0.0365583635866642, 0.02198709174990654, -0.006594546604901552, 0.036534883081912994, 0.001385647221468389, 0.007826440967619419, -0.02955853007733822, -0.03586744889616966, 0.00243438221514225, 0.0017052682815119624, 0.02151639014482498, 0.03506515547633171, 0.010775653645396233, -0.004901253152638674, -0.007077413145452738, 0.016771716997027397, 0.06579358875751495, -0.008113658055663109, 0.04162195697426796, -0.025868503376841545, 0.023028040304780006, 0.01617203839123249, -0.0362834706902504, 0.005874115973711014, 0.026034405454993248, 0.03283200040459633, -0.006541067734360695, 0.016540272161364555, -0.005060285329818726, 0.0068686348386108875, 0.012218478135764599, 0.04108165204524994, -0.0326487235724926, -0.03088570386171341, -0.04622899740934372, 0.015949219465255737, 0.01925097405910492, -0.031955353915691376 ]
<p>The scenario is like this:</p> <p>I have a cohort with 2000 people, half of them taking DRUG, the other half not taking it. I would like to check interactions between DRUG and the other variables in the model:</p> <ul> <li><p><strong>Method 1:</strong></p> <p>Firstly I got a original model: <code>y1=a1*AGE+b1*BMI+c1*DRUG</code>,[<code>DRUG</code> is binary: yes-1, no-0]; I got a likelihood 1;</p> <p>If I want to test the interaction of <code>AGE</code>, <code>BMI</code> and <code>DRUG</code>, I need another model: <code>y2=a2*AGE+b2*BMI+c2*DRUG+d*(DRUG*AGE)+e*(DRUG*BMI)</code>; I got a likelihood 2;</p> <p>Then I compare the likelihood of these two models using chi-square test (df=2), and see whether the difference (likelihood 2 minus likelihood) is significant. </p></li> <li><p><strong>Method 2:</strong></p> <p>Stratify people into two groups according to DRUG status:</p> <p>Group 1: for people taking DRUG (n=1000), model 1: <code>y1=a1*AGE+b1*BMI</code>, I got a likelihood 1 (L1);</p> <p>Group 2: for people not taking DRUG (n=1000), model 2: <code>y2=a2*AGE+b2*BMI</code>, likelihood 2 (L2);</p> <p>Then I use all the people (n-2000), model 3:y3=a3*AGE+b3*BMI+d*(DRUG*AGE)+e*(DRUG*BMI), likelihood 3 (L3);</p></li> </ul> <p>So in order to test the interactions, chi-square=L3/(L1*L2). But the question is: What is the degree of freedom (df)?</p> <p>Can anyone help? I cannot get the answer.</p>
74,119
[ -0.020017091184854507, -0.0005504958680830896, 0.0010613311314955354, -0.010510371997952461, 0.030690178275108337, 0.0038835436571389437, 0.013480346649885178, -0.05493614077568054, 0.043339699506759644, -0.013171554543077946, 0.04979531094431877, 0.03947070240974426, 0.053983114659786224, 0.026975680142641068, 0.03657979890704155, 0.035998232662677765, 0.004485416691750288, 0.02366090752184391, -0.012778110802173615, -0.003504762891680002, -0.051166970282793045, 0.0044531081803143024, 0.05073893070220947, -0.01310022920370102, -0.015644283965229988, 0.04113287106156349, 0.04763223975896835, -0.07664799690246582, -0.051581479609012604, 0.05308584123849869, -0.0466853529214859, -0.02085265703499317, 0.010391934774816036, 0.010705513879656792, 0.021852312609553337, 0.0119497524574399, -0.023229176178574562, -0.029887672513723373, 0.03641028702259064, 0.023578904569149017, -0.030291639268398285, 0.00660852761939168, 0.013489295728504658, 0.027081821113824844, -0.03863850235939026, 0.046357519924640656, -0.00502589950338006, 0.010137757286429405, 0.0243719220161438, -0.016898633912205696, 0.03126464784145355, -0.016857562586665154, 0.05949058756232262, 0.03173329308629036, -0.04170076921582222, -0.049466341733932495, 0.01720346137881279, 0.06012408807873726, 0.010217040777206421, -0.054347388446331024, -0.01908986084163189, -0.02428889088332653, 0.009363777004182339, 0.009743811562657356, -0.00014088742318563163, -0.004898538812994957, 0.02395159937441349, -0.039050061255693436, 0.014099647291004658, -0.023690516129136086, 0.002883757697418332, -0.004212763160467148, -0.0038477634079754353, -0.02712828293442726, 0.02295142412185669, -0.018704231828451157, -0.0015607279492542148, 0.02463216334581375, 0.035959966480731964, 0.03868373855948448, -0.0415995791554451, 0.030529119074344635, 0.007717450149357319, 0.03354736790060997, 0.028630338609218597, -0.002255066530779004, 0.055486250668764114, -0.020579392090439796, -0.012109661474823952, 0.04568290710449219, -0.04632090404629707, 0.014213700778782368, 0.04836759343743324, -0.00017699234012980014, -0.03534936532378197, 0.044050686061382294, -0.00561555428430438, 0.008869572542607784, 0.012467729859054089, 0.03618241101503372, -0.05303136259317398, -0.03891158103942871, 0.04014500230550766, 0.03808344900608063, -0.02917329967021942, -0.013655084185302258, 0.004411863628774881, -0.015746938064694405, -0.001530207460746169, -0.005072772037237883, 0.0010729581117630005, 0.02827564626932144, -0.00843608658760786, 0.009101673029363155, -0.004204132128506899, -0.02580215036869049, -0.04891244322061539, -0.025429723784327507, 0.08819468319416046, 0.040946077555418015, 0.05093107372522354, -0.03603850677609444, -0.012812149710953236, 0.01171423215419054, -0.0454416424036026, 0.008891722187399864, -0.02096252329647541, -0.01889277622103691, -0.04347049072384834, 0.060978569090366364, -0.004255655221641064, -0.028707049787044525, 0.03310766443610191, 0.01932384818792343, 0.023970171809196472, 0.0036258038599044085, -0.0715864896774292, -0.0311584435403347, 0.004124538507312536, -0.004474575165659189, 0.004836516920477152, -0.030551398172974586, -0.01137053407728672, 0.04526345804333687, 0.08595558255910873, 0.022858263924717903, 0.024149784818291664, 0.01521859411150217, 0.016500316560268402, -0.00243688328191638, -0.006034977734088898, 0.009298931807279587, -0.047072794288396835, 0.022854574024677277, -0.022132664918899536, -0.08509770035743713, 0.023976707831025124, 0.010665425099432468, -0.0417243093252182, -0.014626585878431797, 0.03713339567184448, -0.01489240862429142, 0.006607997231185436, -0.017060289159417152, 0.017692996188998222, -0.018597057089209557, 0.04764951765537262, -0.0022705483715981245, 0.007494495250284672, 0.026881445199251175, -0.04242455214262009, 0.022594807669520378, -0.011629554443061352, -0.0009227845584973693, 0.012942838482558727, -0.02559511363506317, -0.017250997945666313, -0.05289619043469429, 0.004454547539353371, 0.026531483978033066, -0.03654974699020386, -0.0423993319272995, -0.06998063623905182, -0.0011948777828365564, 0.024064647033810616, 0.01756243035197258, 0.041703417897224426, 0.00917343981564045, 0.06273019313812256, -0.04431769996881485, -0.02099342830479145, -0.07416603714227676, -0.023882733657956123, 0.021440433338284492, -0.06657435745000839, 0.009184394963085651, 0.013653040863573551, -0.00786682777106762, 0.022571716457605362, 0.0002696705050766468, -0.013890543021261692, 0.0008775621536187828, 0.03321993350982666, -0.019140655174851418, 0.00979737937450409, 0.061478760093450546, 0.02511470764875412, -0.04597771540284157, 0.07333355396986008, -0.034878816455602646, 0.0021553216502070427, 0.02315562032163143, -0.030637316405773163, -0.018073739483952522, 0.02842833288013935, -0.015082220546901226, -0.0084294518455863, -0.022858595475554466, -0.00799529068171978, 0.0632600337266922, -0.06258629262447357, 0.08449534326791763, 0.08676236122846603, -0.004631980787962675, 0.009091480635106564, 0.000011799402273027226, 0.016640981659293175, 0.028957653790712357, 0.009522195905447006, 0.006369275972247124, -0.08976922184228897, -0.0285213440656662, 0.011887684464454651, 0.014393506571650505, -0.03881644085049629, 0.014671113342046738, 0.01362199429422617, -0.04516790807247162, 0.0013235775986686349, 0.04092330113053322, 0.01390884444117546, -0.021320827305316925, 0.05051148682832718, 0.028853878378868103, 0.02203604020178318, 0.0245644710958004, 0.01056058518588543, 0.02268281579017639, 0.008739221841096878, 0.005753056611865759, -0.030174801126122475, 0.03380047157406807, 0.015192167833447456, -0.0022367273923009634, -0.02762375771999359, -0.0019932789728045464, 0.0068291667848825455, -0.00041218328988179564, 0.013598178513348103, 0.029785722494125366, -0.016534384340047836, -0.020118240267038345, 0.019637489691376686, -0.016656195744872093, 0.014876624569296837, 0.04544227197766304, -0.033129315823316574, -0.003488170448690653, 0.013441895134747028, -0.04348457232117653, 0.0024019137490540743, 0.017068179324269295, -0.04278756305575371, -0.04828391969203949, 0.00379531504586339, 0.027667518705129623, -0.020180536434054375, 0.012616395950317383, -0.017080435529351234, -0.03427598997950554, -0.004141822922974825, -0.03160141408443451, 0.025025760754942894, -0.0075363293290138245, -0.046990491449832916, -0.008229103870689869, -0.008247305639088154, -0.024400794878602028, 0.030989039689302444, 0.016636298969388008, -0.015904106199741364, 0.05525248497724533, 0.000366533495252952, -0.03813929855823517, -0.04749089851975441, 0.016659608110785484, -0.0036101373843848705, -0.026871122419834137, -0.012016993947327137, 0.030889883637428284, 0.05598919838666916, -0.046001870185136795, 0.04575676470994949, -0.016691669821739197, 0.00017982615099754184, -0.007470401003956795, -0.005986773408949375, 0.0024991463869810104, 0.023466097190976143, 0.0029624118469655514, 0.003154897829517722, -0.0056962850503623486, -0.017745910212397575, -0.10067534446716309, -0.028189335018396378, 0.015317002311348915, 0.03462541103363037, 0.03600454330444336, -0.004536069463938475, 0.017859866842627525, 0.07038239389657974, 0.039751313626766205, 0.0041974917985498905, -0.049726132303476334, -0.005890145432204008, -0.07132630795240402, -0.011254902929067612, 0.04662202298641205, 0.017137587070465088, 0.01299076247960329, 0.005559858866035938, -0.006766070611774921, 0.010449443012475967, 0.04019337520003319, 0.012365121394395828, 0.02084699459373951, 0.02095031552016735, -0.0009983106283470988, -0.012853765860199928, 0.04247991740703583, -0.001736033009365201, -0.02043369971215725, 0.0007028066320344806, -0.008505992591381073, 0.03005611151456833, 0.014122786931693554, -0.03762063756585121, -0.022820651531219482, -0.009625887498259544, -0.009134022518992424, -0.043924424797296524, 0.05391627922654152, 0.039609309285879135, -0.03652980923652649, -0.0047632367350161076, 0.01122196950018406, 0.04892265796661377, 0.005463501904159784, -0.033782731741666794, 0.016536770388484, 0.035244524478912354, -0.050892606377601624, -0.009077722206711769, -0.0021288821008056402, 0.0028267335146665573, 0.012096518650650978, -0.05679268389940262, -0.017608942463994026, 0.019063133746385574, 0.04667950049042702, -0.018228640779852867, -0.01600656472146511, 0.0013843831839039922, -0.013966931961476803, -0.07378498464822769, 0.021160827949643135, -0.05099175125360489, 0.07091759145259857, 0.013278509490191936, 0.04599439725279808, 0.009594772942364216, -0.04176255315542221, -0.006121169775724411, -0.03445253521203995, -0.03772902116179466, 0.03372681885957718, 0.015686197206377983, -0.031610772013664246, 0.024489227682352066, -0.014529439620673656, 0.00939198024570942, -0.04610021039843559, 0.0029138177633285522, -0.01901324652135372, 0.025824101641774178, -0.007326432038098574, 0.010132991708815098, -0.02348332665860653, 0.004545866511762142, -0.0017079776152968407, 0.03628296032547951, 0.004494221415370703, 0.03396425023674965, 0.013032990507781506, 0.036921534687280655, -0.014633359387516975, 0.012075473554432392, -0.03514280542731285, 0.00016506027895957232, 0.0296731386333704, 0.05242740735411644, -0.016153501346707344, 0.04361801594495773, -0.01986333355307579, 0.007474645506590605, -0.007930440828204155, 0.027242356911301613, 0.06933748722076416, -0.020705504342913628, -0.004055656958371401, -0.014529445208609104, 0.023089127615094185, -0.03702689707279205, 0.030123991891741753, 0.018648827448487282, -0.0023745198268443346, 0.04017237201333046, 0.044057026505470276, -0.032628133893013, 0.021241774782538414, 0.06661716848611832, 0.015476745553314686, 0.0013787334319204092, -0.03860282897949219, -0.025455227121710777, -0.01958925649523735, 0.011247726157307625, 0.01665889471769333, 0.04668315500020981, 0.01078218687325716, 0.0014767105458304286, 0.026782775297760963, -0.012187553569674492, -0.0447678342461586, 0.0045242272317409515, 0.036470770835876465, 0.03447253629565239, 0.002856111852452159, -0.018092598766088486, 0.017928358167409897, 0.0193556509912014, 0.006695109885185957, -0.00424087792634964, 0.023137632757425308, -0.07472394406795502, -0.008362816646695137, 0.039806533604860306, 0.030565673485398293, -0.048991382122039795, -0.030774202197790146, -0.024448497220873833, -0.025865154340863228, 0.0170036181807518, -0.020321229472756386, 0.022734269499778748, -0.011593728326261044, 0.040618278086185455, -0.019399911165237427, -0.009677940979599953, -0.06350674480199814, 0.009646386839449406, -0.04527541622519493, -0.040346644818782806, -0.023474153131246567, -0.042725820094347, -0.022369638085365295, 0.013416671194136143, 0.02865605242550373, 0.04379848763346672, -0.06824202090501785, -0.03881523013114929, -0.0022250714246183634, 0.0055441358126699924, -0.017713431268930435, -0.06948129087686539, 0.048768434673547745, -0.020820189267396927, -0.00048777443589642644, 0.0617176815867424, -0.021291742101311684, 0.012787193059921265, 0.00963826198130846, 0.001297159120440483, -0.03239836171269417, -0.0026323660276830196, 0.008385862223803997, 0.047967325896024704, 0.04172595590353012, 0.010849792510271072, 0.048756279051303864, 0.03289111703634262, -0.04068012908101082, 0.01458595972508192, -0.053155869245529175, -0.037280138581991196, -0.017962057143449783, -0.0069244313053786755, -0.05606410279870033, -0.01805674284696579, -0.027379915118217468, -0.022599108517169952, 0.008988927118480206, 0.01969565637409687, 0.00618413370102644, 0.008279796689748764, 0.001277339062653482, 0.05635388195514679, -0.011874433606863022, -0.013862265273928642, 0.016474373638629913, 0.0002478854148648679, 0.026419036090373993, -0.019315652549266815, 0.02075454406440258, -0.040125444531440735, -0.008445111103355885, -0.010789752937853336, -0.05851193144917488, -0.001452558091841638, -0.018473364412784576, -0.015081576071679592, -0.0032472091261297464, -0.006741489749401808, 0.008465935476124287, 0.0011072128545492887, 0.06886224448680878, -0.014952054247260094, -0.02246423251926899, -0.022224005311727524, 0.05017860233783722, -0.007533349096775055, 0.0005077046225778759, 0.02080332487821579, 0.05895192176103592, -0.000357747107045725, -0.005624311976134777, -0.0212271548807621, 0.00038747984217479825, 0.03286677971482277, -0.0006468499777838588, 0.02002628892660141, -0.027284592390060425, -0.009681105613708496, 0.005874753464013338, 0.007147260941565037, -0.012185118161141872, 0.018511174246668816, -0.003518295008689165, -0.004444153979420662, 0.0026073551271110773, -0.009764714166522026, 0.0524764358997345, 0.007287224289029837, -0.032914530485868454, 0.03568632900714874, -0.0076630390249192715, 0.021092155948281288, -0.011056927964091301, -0.029024124145507812, -0.02980327233672142, -0.010561899282038212, -0.02243361994624138, -0.021826360374689102, 0.03962371498346329, -0.0012293113395571709, -0.046247147023677826, -0.009902439080178738, -0.023188980296254158, -0.008539137430489063, -0.04496124014258385, -0.017360782250761986, -0.03100493550300598, 0.026567067950963974, -0.01629987172782421, 0.030249398201704025, 0.0008858554065227509, 0.0005051441257819533, 0.02940017729997635, -0.004693875089287758, -0.07034560292959213, -0.006532199215143919, 0.045127347111701965, 0.011316773481667042, 0.009168139658868313, -0.03903239592909813, 0.016576366499066353, 0.034764766693115234, -0.01646873541176319, -0.02204960770905018, 0.029884817078709602, 0.06641910970211029, -0.03216218575835228, 0.004128006286919117, -0.04283079132437706, 0.0036066421307623386, 0.04703301936388016, -0.014128681272268295, 0.046726640313863754, 0.06264153122901917, -0.0024303582031279802, -0.014537489973008633, -0.03899049758911133, -0.022316131740808487, 0.00896188709884882, -0.017716988921165466, 0.06651929020881653, -0.0378124825656414, -0.03345729410648346, 0.12668602168560028, -0.012590672820806503, 0.03597869724035263, 0.02761312574148178, 0.02340913563966751, 0.002744491910561919, 0.02655007690191269, -0.021190397441387177, -0.02078762836754322, 0.0627257227897644, -0.07232743501663208, 0.008366115391254425, -0.04069644212722778, 0.004970399662852287, 0.038481730967760086, 0.04895281419157982, 0.008635747246444225, -0.052943404763936996, -0.01622171327471733, -0.06770003587007523, -0.0041042291559278965, 0.0515667125582695, -0.001360710128210485, 0.028837747871875763, 0.016003483906388283, 0.04006636142730713, -0.0011710211401805282, 0.0010602038819342852, -0.035733263939619064, -0.08647238463163376, -0.01745045743882656, -0.0010127900168299675, -0.013808377087116241, 0.045324381440877914, 0.027225445955991745, -0.004360703751444817, 0.02408698946237564, -0.022622287273406982, 0.009141498245298862, 0.02137846127152443, 0.033311791718006134, -0.019468678161501884, 0.02654356136918068, -0.004153336398303509, 0.01924065873026848, 0.007737978361546993, -0.023168431594967842, 0.1616930514574051, 0.046216562390327454, 0.03873078152537346, -0.045539066195487976, 0.020086362957954407, 0.015490607358515263, -0.023406488820910454, 0.016749804839491844, -0.019216008484363556, 0.033312611281871796, -0.010819904506206512, 0.021997462958097458, 0.04054707661271095, 0.02702842280268669, -0.024173341691493988, 0.037392571568489075, -0.038800377398729324, -0.04004000872373581, 0.009233877994120121, 0.009398432448506355, -0.02550135739147663, -0.02232067845761776, -0.033529315143823624, -0.014015866443514824, 0.01423505786806345, -0.045148104429244995, -0.022794926539063454, -0.0004116562777198851, 0.01595425233244896, 0.0006482749595306814, -0.0704398825764656, 0.012030405923724174, 0.0032629806082695723, -0.01713426224887371, 0.015283993445336819, -0.01153770461678505, 0.012616407126188278, -0.042155083268880844, 0.006027539726346731, 0.05497414991259575, -0.03716456517577171, 0.0049317642115056515, -0.03436436876654625, 0.03260141611099243, -0.010059302672743797, -0.020417384803295135, -0.03659415617585182, 0.042091116309165955, -0.025548845529556274, -0.05266112834215164, -0.017365779727697372, 0.012280929833650589, 0.004961143713444471, -0.011036248877644539, -0.04525573551654816, 0.03635677322745323, 0.020300060510635376, -0.03346220403909683, 0.009658664464950562, -0.026812709867954254, 0.04712170362472534, -0.01809120550751686, -0.005037440452724695, 0.047824978828430176, -0.013817684724926949, -0.020598910748958588, -0.029646361246705055, 0.039205726236104965, -0.011546819470822811, 0.01630478724837303, 0.05390174686908722, -0.04442320391535759, -0.01826011762022972, -0.00821626652032137, -0.017690546810626984, 0.04833724722266197, -0.00792334508150816, -0.02412591315805912, 0.002480461960658431, -0.045518022030591965, -0.029979025945067406, 0.0068061379715800285, -0.02042084001004696, 0.0276495274156332, -0.03143145889043808, -0.022243807092308998, 0.041004519909620285, 0.01700316183269024, 0.023572800680994987, 0.018322205170989037, 0.0068115293979644775, 0.056296635419130325, 0.005498019512742758, -0.057775191962718964, -0.057025838643312454, 0.0016356646083295345, 0.0014247243525460362, 0.01788165420293808, -0.021014757454395294, 0.0488254688680172, 0.028097257018089294, 0.0027806772850453854, 0.006980725564062595, 0.011853118427097797, -0.015799542888998985, -0.018229695037007332, 0.010513560846447945, -0.024573059752583504, -0.011579209007322788, 0.025550026446580887, 0.03593378886580467, 0.016933120787143707, 0.03170947730541229, -0.06936418265104294, -0.04599170759320259, 0.03711012005805969, -0.03398820385336876, -0.02922338806092739, -0.03394946828484535, 0.0038202214054763317, 0.005310071166604757, -0.011327835731208324, -0.001852303510531783, -0.053513649851083755, -0.004767981823533773, 0.018488967791199684, -0.03433404490351677, -0.0036710596177726984, -0.0058937957510352135, -0.028113076463341713, 0.0071200416423380375, -0.017297053709626198, -0.01310725137591362, 0.017863621935248375, 0.021294699981808662, 0.011898627504706383, 0.011715208180248737, 0.015853652730584145, 0.008485849015414715, -0.01650075986981392, 0.002214943990111351, -0.05223380774259567, -0.03961951285600662, 0.03223609924316406, -0.025975430384278297, 0.057393692433834076, 0.024823728948831558, -0.0065582916140556335, 0.00859661865979433, 0.009901927784085274, -0.050670724362134933, -0.048660509288311005, -0.019979601725935936, -0.03265669569373131, 0.00630488246679306, -0.01828201860189438, 0.00018101444584317505, 0.008532332256436348, -0.023854432627558708, 0.04903826490044594, 0.04168812558054924, 0.027326004579663277, -0.01583722047507763, 0.0034212209284305573, 0.01830238103866577, 0.05759694054722786, -0.0010492423316463828, -0.021824557334184647, 0.03558912128210068, 0.05821065977215767, -0.012090696021914482, 0.01346233393996954, -0.015363761223852634, 0.03441491350531578, -0.10072186589241028, -0.037303376942873, 0.016413377597928047, 0.016857974231243134, 0.038983412086963654, -0.0716203972697258, 0.03721727803349495, 0.015449375845491886, -0.03239066153764725, -0.01158702839165926, -0.023079395294189453, 0.02671986259520054, -0.026759447529911995, 0.04143807291984558, -0.0200367271900177, 0.02903159335255623, 0.03066157177090645, 0.016624165698885918, 0.03017464280128479, 0.018832294270396233, 0.01913229376077652, -0.02192106284201145, -0.007296516094356775, -0.025442028418183327, 0.0019791102968156338, -0.0695067048072815, 0.005172078963369131, -0.03223112225532532, -0.011147521436214447, -0.0004770053783431649, 0.012635437771677971, 0.034166693687438965, 0.019018709659576416, 0.016618961468338966, 0.04333542659878731, 0.020942633971571922, 0.015780292451381683, 0.007566151209175587, 0.0021957289427518845, -0.026944583281874657, 0.015297893434762955, 0.047332651913166046, -0.028825271874666214, 0.022919265553355217, 0.008336947299540043, 0.011760745197534561, 0.01666063442826271, 0.02211226522922516, 0.002736066933721304, -0.03191720321774483, -0.015733592212200165, -0.028323236852884293, -0.028882520273327827, -0.013128260150551796, -0.020266037434339523, -0.027317233383655548, 0.010857108049094677, 0.04128535836935043, 0.04814499244093895, -0.038442663848400116, 0.02552391216158867, -0.03392311558127403, -0.00328238308429718, 0.0012535549467429519, 0.0325651653110981, -0.009499830193817616, 0.008552828803658485, 0.0037744883447885513, -0.03156590834259987, 0.012067051604390144, -0.003421710105612874, 0.040207307785749435, -0.026709096506237984, 0.02393532730638981, -0.022936969995498657, -0.01712086983025074, -0.0053213112987577915, 0.018867194652557373, 0.056948013603687286, -0.07917188107967377, 0.012852351181209087, 0.03285276144742966, -0.03188156336545944, -0.034258559346199036, 0.015608539804816246, -0.0672282874584198, 0.014915875159204006, 0.046218808740377426, 0.0301370769739151, -0.0018237384501844645, -0.004845297895371914, 0.039742134511470795, -0.0016685699811205268, -0.0192329753190279, 0.05013180524110794, -0.021186189725995064, -0.009740903973579407, -0.0004978116485290229, 0.04482246935367584, 0.020538045093417168, 0.038355015218257904, 0.007278854958713055, -0.027312707155942917, 0.020642567425966263, 0.027422072365880013, 0.0010927196126431227, 0.010521589778363705, 0.004690937697887421, -0.026746105402708054, 0.011198729276657104, 0.01673157699406147, 0.03462609648704529, 0.02168794348835945, 0.019572217017412186, -0.0425887368619442, 0.05323605611920357, -0.04791084676980972, -0.02973049320280552, 0.009887020103633404, -0.017856722697615623, -0.05619800090789795, -0.041634492576122284, 0.008271719329059124, -0.004776790272444487, -0.04191272705793381, -0.03497401252388954, 0.03022036701440811, 0.020590446889400482, 0.06926418095827103, 0.021056897938251495, 0.01760188862681389, -0.0013039252953603864, 0.004370258655399084, 0.038895461708307266, -0.0308837853372097, 0.019418105483055115, -0.01757822372019291, -0.004969667177647352, 0.04890664294362068, 0.005278958939015865, -0.007431940175592899, -0.004343891981989145, 0.028425458818674088, 0.016732020303606987, -0.0021691119764000177, 0.012371446006000042, -0.0045472499914467335, 0.06154227629303932, 0.035492442548274994, -0.017143188044428825, 0.03417082130908966, -0.050865720957517624, 0.027757754549384117, 0.006660115905106068, -0.01967795565724373, -0.02521570399403572, 0.026167606934905052, 0.009364728815853596, 0.006623101886361837, 0.03142423555254936, 0.0058891186490654945, 0.0032913354225456715, -0.038956061005592346, -0.017552673816680908, -0.026054395362734795, 0.03133383393287659, -0.01528115849941969, -0.043330200016498566, -0.011594695039093494, -0.0033911915961652994, -0.022012552246451378, -0.031242720782756805, 0.030199727043509483, 0.01609688811004162, 0.02870144508779049, -0.05882883071899414, -0.01995261386036873, 0.004604211077094078, -0.0021294662728905678, -0.04342961311340332, -0.049469009041786194, -0.03253132104873657, 0.024084370583295822, 0.013993184082210064, -0.0103425532579422 ]
<p>The convergence theorem for Gibbs sampling states:</p> <p>Given a random Vektor $X$ with $X_1,X_2,...X_K$ and the knowlegde about the conditional distribution of $X_k$ we can find the actual distribution using Gibbs Sampling infinitly often.</p> <p>The exact theorem as stated by book (Neural Networks and Learning Machines): </p> <blockquote> <p>The random variable $X_k(n)$ converges in distribution to the true probabiluty distributions of $X_k$ for k=1,2,...,K as n approaches infinity</p> <p>$\lim_{n -&gt; \infty}P(x^{(n)}_k \leq x | x_k(0)) = P_{x_k}(x) $ for $k &gt; = 1,2,...,K$</p> <p>Where $P_{X_k}(x)$ is the marginal cummulative distribution function of $X_k$</p> </blockquote> <p>While doing research on this, for a deeper understanding, I ran across <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/a/10216/31349">this</a> answer. Which explains quite well how to pick a single sample using the Method, but I am not able to extend/modify it to fit the convergence theorem, as the result of the given example is one sample (spell) and not a final/actual probability distribution.</p> <p><strong>Therefore, how do I have to modify that example to fit the convergence theorem?</strong></p>
36,782
[ -0.018548132851719856, -0.04335861653089523, 0.025500647723674774, -0.006057598162442446, 0.018877267837524414, -0.008113271556794643, -0.014879003167152405, -0.005980687215924263, 0.004036310128867626, -0.03473136946558952, 0.03664707764983177, 0.03556458652019501, 0.04725843667984009, 0.04107923433184624, 0.03300268203020096, 0.02960335649549961, -0.02422957494854927, 0.013714275322854519, -0.00878001656383276, -0.016812549903988838, 0.013595872558653355, 0.06879857927560806, 0.00558054493740201, -0.02529696375131607, -0.047029465436935425, 0.02436435967683792, -0.006515737622976303, -0.008907971903681755, 0.02199532836675644, 0.052242979407310486, -0.019158126786351204, -0.013207215815782547, -0.0003915914276149124, 0.047825705260038376, -0.002267288975417614, -0.0026779009494930506, 0.000851884949952364, -0.03889983519911766, 0.028390228748321533, 0.0034300372935831547, -0.05199069157242775, -0.0068208626471459866, -0.00694911228492856, 0.013176172971725464, 0.014369160868227482, -0.004930631257593632, -0.024271544069051743, -0.05645637586712837, 0.0043562124483287334, -0.006181307137012482, 0.0683617815375328, 0.002674751216545701, 0.025917047634720802, 0.04610523581504822, 0.0363614447414875, -0.01746247708797455, 0.02086283080279827, 0.06759276241064072, 0.02391514554619789, -0.030832583084702492, 0.009710616432130337, -0.004879557527601719, -0.007908007130026817, -0.03219949081540108, -0.05051315203309059, 0.015962427482008934, 0.04657474532723427, -0.01632671244442463, 0.012967487797141075, -0.045259714126586914, 0.018710508942604065, 0.027229998260736465, 0.03239196538925171, 0.0009555063443258405, 0.0038091635797172785, 0.014260884374380112, -0.02149202860891819, 0.026021381840109825, 0.017297079786658287, 0.025500716641545296, -0.008465008810162544, 0.005293249152600765, 0.023427283391356468, 0.03242482244968414, -0.007905866019427776, 0.0013395443093031645, 0.08230604231357574, -0.022079598158597946, 0.01254990790039301, 0.031273964792490005, 0.002236226573586464, -0.006686578504741192, 0.025546256452798843, -0.036015596240758896, -0.054226573556661606, 0.04722873494029045, -0.018403125926852226, 0.013186968863010406, 0.008488672785460949, 0.004086560104042292, 0.002052062191069126, -0.06010279431939125, 0.017088279128074646, 0.01830296777188778, -0.007268622983247042, -0.014382565394043922, 0.009557423181831837, 0.009096931666135788, -0.015146334655582905, -0.02456584759056568, -0.028922047466039658, 0.03624322637915611, 0.0214826762676239, 0.013320385478436947, 0.017570113763213158, 0.03129756450653076, -0.035321786999702454, -0.036750420928001404, 0.0213574580848217, 0.09081310778856277, 0.036908168345689774, -0.001738948398269713, 0.04013654217123985, -0.05274509638547897, -0.04724990949034691, 0.007264795713126659, 0.014902535825967789, -0.03288101404905319, -0.02508305013179779, 0.01982004940509796, -0.0011750145349651575, -0.0031765613239258528, 0.022909101098775864, 0.057713720947504044, 0.036275461316108704, 0.011058936826884747, -0.07860874384641647, -0.021191904321312904, 0.05874010547995567, -0.03875186666846275, 0.009097978472709656, -0.08645445108413696, 0.04467137157917023, 0.04716358333826065, 0.0383145697414875, -0.0014304688666015863, 0.07108991593122482, -0.032433174550533295, 0.013914471492171288, 0.019522948190569878, -0.05372519791126251, -0.02057253010571003, -0.05164731293916702, 0.0014665158232674003, -0.025368861854076385, -0.07838080078363419, 0.05314876511693001, 0.028365954756736755, 0.008017237298190594, -0.05575272813439369, 0.0674220472574234, -0.019617658108472824, -0.0240813996642828, -0.041578758507966995, 0.04014833644032478, -0.06455870717763901, 0.08827632665634155, 0.013850848190486431, 0.055309440940618515, -0.015933383256196976, 0.0001816043513827026, 0.02187230810523033, 0.017668642103672028, 0.008802433498203754, 0.0652899295091629, -0.03372380882501602, -0.0028910329565405846, -0.010421672835946083, 0.027601156383752823, 0.01162324845790863, -0.04035402089357376, 0.010436104610562325, -0.005540427286177874, 0.007101527880877256, 0.0024363030679523945, 0.014583011157810688, -0.0027040080167353153, -0.02812892571091652, -0.012347755953669548, -0.07286879420280457, -0.03637577220797539, -0.07368027418851852, 0.018334271386265755, 0.0019183903932571411, -0.009185275062918663, 0.04715075343847275, 0.014595391228795052, 0.030805228278040886, -0.03248998522758484, -0.033388007432222366, -0.04438308626413345, 0.0026329895481467247, 0.02429315075278282, -0.02789914421737194, -0.012641825713217258, 0.007460863795131445, 0.022763703018426895, 0.012989836744964123, 0.045846179127693176, -0.01163492538034916, -0.06037711352109909, 0.029077235609292984, -0.027179086580872536, 0.02224048599600792, 0.005556927993893623, -0.00413585314527154, 0.012682578526437283, 0.021619552746415138, 0.016048602759838104, 0.040059398859739304, -0.052509061992168427, 0.03521997854113579, 0.077792689204216, 0.012792925350368023, 0.0015162316849455237, 0.013701995834708214, 0.024214280769228935, -0.008725136518478394, -0.001594413653947413, -0.0032238424755632877, -0.028436575084924698, -0.01033451221883297, 0.02195088192820549, 0.05794616788625717, -0.03045312501490116, 0.026311835274100304, 0.06117885187268257, 0.01143198274075985, 0.003881378099322319, 0.03474456071853638, -0.013666719198226929, 0.01204232219606638, 0.0054676951840519905, -0.0006556899170391262, 0.012797103263437748, 0.0015756957000121474, 0.017971444875001907, -0.012579086236655712, 0.013391181826591492, 0.015957314521074295, -0.0025755579117685556, 0.004733848851174116, -0.0095745250582695, -0.003674363484606147, -0.0018048164201900363, -0.03940507769584656, 0.011215459555387497, 0.013335824944078922, 0.004513977561146021, 0.02709057740867138, 0.00017212526290677488, 0.015588436275720596, -0.027868397533893585, -0.016655996441841125, 0.0617440864443779, 0.030362911522388458, -0.04242067411541939, -0.033699098974466324, 0.02710597775876522, -0.027348797768354416, 0.01196103822439909, -0.0015124814817681909, -0.0631110742688179, -0.01983100175857544, 0.038421932607889175, 0.009031961672008038, 0.015491252765059471, -0.027615800499916077, -0.0179440937936306, -0.015341484919190407, 0.0260559543967247, -0.005911812651902437, 0.031152935698628426, 0.008767887018620968, -0.04211822524666786, -0.014799034222960472, 0.004585551097989082, -0.016309969127178192, 0.03102177567780018, -0.0011720294132828712, -0.019136009737849236, -0.013629279099404812, -0.0035962103866040707, -0.05495574697852135, 0.009091146290302277, -0.021499035879969597, 0.006983702536672354, -0.043747350573539734, -0.02769264578819275, 0.0332462452352047, 0.03408299386501312, -0.03731823340058327, 0.044122546911239624, -0.0176850613206625, -0.05372394993901253, -0.0015518337022513151, -0.008532687090337276, 0.020703192800283432, -0.021764960139989853, 0.0436924546957016, 0.05025291070342064, -0.02028307504951954, -0.005529182497411966, -0.05979132652282715, -0.07083717733621597, 0.0035673289094120264, -0.020075106993317604, 0.0277591273188591, 0.03222458064556122, -0.04073159769177437, 0.11839063465595245, 0.03338447958230972, -0.01981520652770996, 0.007392742671072483, 0.018119242042303085, -0.0074918572790920734, 0.0010900754714384675, -0.016607409343123436, 0.017140554264187813, -0.018851682543754578, 0.012296169996261597, -0.0061974357813596725, 0.05094439536333084, 0.07005960494279861, 0.0006618368206545711, 0.04712802544236183, 0.03218063712120056, 0.01013216283172369, 0.00001912752486532554, 0.044406913220882416, 0.013465086929500103, -0.016469908878207207, 0.03247687965631485, -0.014594160951673985, -0.002555091632530093, 0.006473605055361986, -0.029916968196630478, -0.00884100142866373, -0.017546484246850014, 0.0026526744477450848, -0.0342324897646904, 0.046752430498600006, 0.018558412790298462, -0.030660085380077362, 0.007275482174009085, 0.03871455788612366, 0.021493077278137207, -0.032094910740852356, 0.034530870616436005, 0.02342144027352333, 0.03521797060966492, -0.021953696385025978, -0.026185892522335052, -0.0010850377148017287, -0.022240694612264633, 0.03238173946738243, -0.0009489588555879891, -0.007348783779889345, 0.04737037792801857, 0.013219399377703667, 0.027349060401320457, -0.01358009222894907, 0.01826697215437889, -0.007550664711743593, -0.036450423300266266, 0.02913007140159607, -0.01016469206660986, 0.05918152630329132, 0.006336535327136517, 0.032829754054546356, -0.006810890510678291, 0.014165911823511124, -0.001915701199322939, 0.0328352153301239, -0.10321755707263947, -0.0064464835450053215, 0.01189925242215395, -0.029026351869106293, -0.018130095675587654, -0.04046069458127022, 0.04934387654066086, -0.004914452321827412, 0.01742049865424633, -0.006244057323783636, -0.00417861295863986, -0.04735403135418892, -0.006509887054562569, -0.022664932534098625, -0.030764181166887283, 0.0063626463524997234, 0.005428624805063009, 0.04929748550057411, -0.011249842122197151, -0.007126315496861935, 0.017567090690135956, -0.0014803505036979914, 0.004203589633107185, 0.015482904389500618, 0.026705127209424973, 0.03085024282336235, 0.014172767288982868, 0.05185950919985771, 0.03612045571208, -0.02689855359494686, 0.02567342296242714, 0.009795239195227623, 0.05701868236064911, 0.043862130492925644, -0.03538579121232033, 0.018251340836286545, -0.047356393188238144, -0.015488035045564175, 0.03502321243286133, 0.004121878650039434, 0.02131607010960579, -0.010013293474912643, 0.07364588230848312, 0.02903544344007969, -0.05969361588358879, 0.013323000632226467, 0.05852216109633446, -0.028236187994480133, 0.006062299944460392, -0.03253193199634552, 0.009905470535159111, -0.024369897320866585, 0.0494224987924099, 0.0621640682220459, -0.0004426291270647198, -0.007970570586621761, -0.00020851362205576152, -0.013253982178866863, 0.0033538867719471455, -0.031970471143722534, -0.017329679802060127, -0.00507415970787406, 0.0413547046482563, 0.0007590513559989631, -0.02282477542757988, 0.008202665485441685, 0.007114865817129612, 0.028544412925839424, 0.020373720675706863, 0.010419810190796852, -0.05975828692317009, -0.0300596896559, 0.04214383661746979, -0.0002321704669157043, -0.032876912504434586, 0.010053013451397419, -0.05529073625802994, -0.01048989687114954, 0.030621735379099846, -0.021256688982248306, 0.0144124124199152, 0.013317082077264786, 0.0068254354409873486, -0.02063407376408577, -0.014211028814315796, -0.03329628333449364, 0.0022881829645484686, -0.06361611187458038, 0.03180373087525368, -0.0011785099050030112, -0.04567777365446091, -0.05286067724227905, 0.0008667991496622562, -0.016634680330753326, 0.08534830063581467, -0.0016763531602919102, -0.017877720296382904, -0.00039367357385344803, 0.011983897536993027, -0.006352084688842297, -0.08401348441839218, 0.060944560915231705, -0.03241193667054176, -0.027177145704627037, 0.0078672980889678, -0.022921869531273842, -0.07843349128961563, 0.06185554713010788, -0.011205555871129036, -0.025525664910674095, 0.009175549261271954, -0.0205391738563776, 0.03980327397584915, 0.005759251769632101, 0.010471867397427559, 0.05942033231258392, 0.004912284668534994, 0.015316405333578587, 0.01666889153420925, -0.007163285743445158, 0.0015602780040353537, -0.05036572366952896, -0.006513399537652731, -0.017690015956759453, -0.02002698928117752, -0.04439414665102959, 0.046398162841796875, 0.008592057973146439, 0.05218832567334175, -0.01907053031027317, -0.025585778057575226, 0.03059467487037182, 0.01249998714774847, 0.014041219837963581, 0.00541010033339262, 0.00014079391257837415, 0.0124560771510005, 0.016682101413607597, 0.00797073170542717, 0.03306958079338074, -0.0015665246173739433, 0.016036881133913994, -0.0007003737264312804, -0.0049192761071026325, -0.005032815039157867, -0.0376606211066246, -0.0012358418898656964, 0.0071384538896381855, -0.015076033771038055, 0.053721148520708084, -0.01415290217846632, 0.025822307914495468, -0.033952340483665466, -0.020679259672760963, -0.012481015175580978, 0.00387347093783319, 0.0007488374249078333, 0.015978671610355377, -0.03692632541060448, -0.007691687438637018, -0.003220014274120331, 0.0009483087342232466, -0.08259180933237076, -0.025282006710767746, 0.010752366855740547, 0.001830858993344009, -0.04436533898115158, -0.0521615706384182, 0.005106143653392792, -0.005953350570052862, -0.03220663219690323, -0.006098080892115831, 0.03251343220472336, 0.012162608094513416, -0.028486289083957672, -0.008853704668581486, 0.02280617132782936, 0.049621447920799255, 0.013917448930442333, -0.04483368620276451, 0.05225113406777382, -0.027998751029372215, -0.0002273613790748641, 0.0399550199508667, 0.02018526941537857, -0.04184044525027275, -0.00286230631172657, -0.0023971477057784796, -0.010978522710502148, 0.026472648605704308, -0.019702700898051262, -0.006431723479181528, 0.007788080722093582, -0.018946148455142975, -0.0017980553675442934, -0.025434458628296852, -0.026435235515236855, 0.021508587524294853, -0.0036392274778336287, -0.008653816767036915, -0.04859205335378647, 0.016863754019141197, -0.04478541389107704, -0.004997674375772476, 0.001202040584757924, 0.004319780971854925, 0.04284537956118584, 0.05217882618308067, -0.03191244974732399, 0.002337277866899967, 0.013164117000997066, -0.021930214017629623, 0.03869252651929855, 0.031291596591472626, 0.010378302074968815, 0.031243709847331047, 0.008819879963994026, -0.0033600814640522003, -0.02055864967405796, -0.06544969230890274, 0.038340773433446884, 0.05069820582866669, -0.0045980606228113174, 0.03562265634536743, 0.005814677570015192, 0.003368687117472291, 0.004742549732327461, -0.008360126055777073, -0.023905614390969276, -0.06830617040395737, -0.014107163064181805, 0.035910435020923615, -0.02187373861670494, -0.013482272624969482, 0.0159920621663332, -0.000989119871519506, 0.01410546526312828, 0.007108013145625591, 0.005132696125656366, 0.019890595227479935, 0.05140513554215431, -0.047483790665864944, -0.008136479184031487, 0.024635951966047287, -0.04492767155170441, 0.013400192372500896, 0.022175777703523636, -0.017921997234225273, 0.030810490250587463, 0.030915996059775352, -0.009603695012629032, -0.04692305997014046, -0.018627094104886055, -0.04053271934390068, 0.0015533094992861152, 0.02186346799135208, -0.0005906563019379973, 0.026065504178404808, 0.019605113193392754, 0.0011101249838247895, 0.0020317495800554752, 0.03389858826994896, -0.01858505979180336, -0.05250127986073494, -0.05454616993665695, -0.005810475442558527, -0.048542339354753494, -0.017834443598985672, 0.029171079397201538, -0.05312567204236984, -0.009345203638076782, -0.028562577441334724, 0.05493704602122307, -0.0011045397259294987, 0.032379209995269775, 0.004484386648982763, 0.08300434052944183, 0.014006179757416248, 0.08785144984722137, 0.0011535579105839133, 0.025560369715094566, 0.1267697811126709, 0.07234559953212738, 0.04692859202623367, -0.08585093170404434, 0.041642963886260986, 0.000601953302975744, -0.011228397488594055, -0.03319784253835678, -0.015044440515339375, 0.03731170669198036, -0.021001216024160385, -0.011218663305044174, 0.01803038828074932, -0.014097485691308975, -0.02027144469320774, 0.03050932288169861, -0.06912164390087128, -0.047567714005708694, 0.023787111043930054, -0.006178139243274927, -0.022536929696798325, -0.021995168179273605, -0.013637645170092583, -0.015245797112584114, 0.01907828077673912, -0.0005508695030584931, -0.02094919979572296, -0.010294663719832897, 0.00021979541634209454, -0.006775380112230778, 0.02951161190867424, -0.023994488641619682, -0.014093177393078804, -0.008175233379006386, 0.036079905927181244, -0.016331283375620842, -0.010635179467499256, -0.015278222039341927, 0.01634049043059349, 0.07232262194156647, 0.032215144485235214, -0.01579100266098976, 0.025733735412359238, -0.025711191818118095, -0.013521105982363224, -0.02986130863428116, -0.06582622975111008, 0.030682936310768127, -0.02150397188961506, -0.007229556795209646, -0.010833780281245708, 0.024997470900416374, 0.001970366109162569, -0.047019630670547485, 0.013057026080787182, 0.051110152155160904, 0.029208771884441376, -0.035380225628614426, -0.031194224953651428, -0.010663648135960102, 0.017482269555330276, -0.002246507676318288, 0.013947426341474056, 0.0083797387778759, -0.0568513460457325, 0.00438535725697875, -0.003356968518346548, 0.026349836960434914, 0.022443339228630066, -0.0004295204416848719, 0.027719616889953613, 0.004408467095345259, -0.05593220889568329, -0.027902252972126007, 0.013481606729328632, -0.00937864650040865, 0.010934369638562202, -0.006694338284432888, -0.018414728343486786, -0.007290148641914129, -0.06319121271371841, 0.001552501111291349, -0.01532236859202385, -0.014454992488026619, -0.04302776977419853, 0.014540017582476139, -0.02065587043762207, 0.0483875498175621, 0.015804776921868324, -0.010107258334755898, 0.010752481408417225, 0.035959839820861816, 0.020446378737688065, -0.019257985055446625, -0.04321928322315216, -0.010806892067193985, -0.057116854935884476, 0.019476978108286858, -0.0029024514369666576, 0.08013550937175751, 0.02358950302004814, -0.002836765255779028, 0.033336468040943146, 0.03044481948018074, -0.0002115832903655246, 0.007236823905259371, -0.019152993336319923, -0.03843546658754349, 0.021564200520515442, 0.05406957492232323, -0.02532527595758438, -0.030767081305384636, -0.0467512421309948, -0.03528648987412453, -0.007296690251678228, 0.0159878209233284, 0.004599199164658785, -0.02514389343559742, 0.012483715079724789, 0.00015928808716125786, 0.010563237592577934, -0.014523841440677643, -0.03743765503168106, 0.0043980833142995834, -0.04281158745288849, -0.023453284054994583, 0.01842302829027176, 0.01149737648665905, -0.006950335577130318, -0.004139103461056948, -0.022075148299336433, 0.062441032379865646, 0.008354602381587029, -0.03577505797147751, -0.023785334080457687, 0.018608005717396736, -0.010533900000154972, 0.03343256562948227, -0.04225806146860123, 0.016748948022723198, 0.04411996901035309, -0.04079652205109596, -0.06445546448230743, 0.010896283201873302, 0.006498563569039106, 0.03601726144552231, 0.021055936813354492, -0.009766565635800362, -0.014239558018743992, 0.03109578602015972, -0.02685854583978653, -0.003208309877663851, -0.038481149822473526, 0.030239831656217575, 0.009140059351921082, 0.03378214314579964, 0.0201741773635149, -0.000702829216606915, 0.024760831147432327, 0.009380249306559563, 0.056323837488889694, -0.010317106731235981, -0.026731450110673904, 0.014011088758707047, 0.02041647583246231, -0.00992298312485218, 0.00024414766812697053, 0.0022412140388041735, 0.02668428234755993, 0.05448966845870018, -0.007956488057971, 0.005563242826610804, -0.02190721593797207, 0.004718448966741562, -0.10923066735267639, -0.019502270966768265, 0.008344384841620922, 0.02352888695895672, 0.050610192120075226, -0.04183756560087204, 0.02541186846792698, 0.01693713665008545, -0.04312078282237053, -0.005942379590123892, 0.025026574730873108, -0.010643508285284042, -0.040303170680999756, 0.011607886292040348, -0.03632856160402298, 0.03460598737001419, 0.031645048409700394, 0.05014835298061371, 0.025573821738362312, 0.0013115187175571918, 0.0028913209680467844, -0.01691807433962822, 0.00023595818493049592, 0.021539824083447456, -0.001815457479096949, -0.021942777559161186, 0.031371962279081345, -0.04793531447649002, -0.05685863271355629, 0.02837349846959114, -0.0005838590441271663, -0.0022416480351239443, 0.04419059306383133, 0.0191350094974041, -0.009467754513025284, 0.02675248123705387, 0.04337584599852562, -0.0024142556358128786, 0.010595624335110188, 0.016129225492477417, 0.016381556168198586, 0.016404569149017334, -0.023609362542629242, -0.035912688821554184, 0.04596217721700668, -0.011244287714362144, -0.015832338482141495, 0.03573669493198395, -0.012809822335839272, -0.033224012702703476, 0.017046695575118065, -0.007343300152570009, 0.007727095391601324, -0.043926309794187546, 0.03186166658997536, -0.06278900057077408, 0.007434931118041277, 0.026677720248699188, 0.06294900923967361, -0.002751820720732212, -0.01937081106007099, -0.03401705622673035, -0.05397523194551468, 0.03979768231511116, -0.0007567302091047168, -0.03971930965781212, -0.03477215766906738, -0.02313932031393051, 0.03809837996959686, 0.0061360495164990425, -0.01940477266907692, -0.021390214562416077, -0.049311213195323944, 0.023745886981487274, -0.013268285430967808, 0.0480782575905323, 0.01672009937465191, -0.034499507397413254, 0.00532285263761878, -0.08922355622053146, 0.07135068625211716, -0.02978660725057125, -0.032355569303035736, -0.02699570171535015, 0.019372625276446342, -0.02063468098640442, -0.027858484536409378, 0.053059548139572144, -0.025548337027430534, 0.022937355563044548, -0.019040346145629883, 0.03710692375898361, 0.0010799270821735263, -0.023192662745714188, 0.0041481065563857555, -0.012733163312077522, -0.011720171198248863, -0.013278959318995476, -0.02407810278236866, 0.0005353571032173932, 0.02606302499771118, -0.013702008873224258, 0.027418354526162148, -0.009197790175676346, 0.0140471700578928, 0.0019482505740597844, 0.033340416848659515, -0.006756268907338381, 0.01946326717734337, 0.019275490194559097, -0.05329466238617897, -0.007729521486908197, -0.004779750946909189, -0.02289379946887493, -0.09212284535169601, -0.024557704105973244, -0.06637222319841385, -0.04496477544307709, -0.02809867076575756, -0.02659895084798336, -0.003473204094916582, -0.03924046456813812, -0.0432552769780159, 0.01381455734372139, -0.027341226115822792, 0.04027288407087326, 0.0337667353451252, 0.039000023156404495, 0.046009454876184464, 0.004341157618910074, -0.035984739661216736, -0.028608540073037148, 0.047254983335733414, -0.004200841300189495, -0.005382314324378967, 0.033165790140628815, -0.029234087094664574, 0.03577416017651558, -0.00493462011218071, -0.016389956697821617, 0.025529207661747932, -0.0011812679003924131, 0.033366963267326355, -0.04469367861747742, -0.03079102747142315, 0.025703003630042076, -0.01653316430747509, -0.004981860052794218, -0.010952379554510117, -0.01447173859924078, 0.09891216456890106, -0.012533179484307766, 0.01718362234532833, -0.022438332438468933, -0.0050877174362540245, -0.024737529456615448, -0.010201022028923035, -0.030106747522950172, 0.028624968603253365, -0.015106167644262314, 0.005999686662107706, 0.014349527657032013, 0.024282505735754967, 0.036434605717659, -0.04098879173398018, -0.001265370287001133, 0.0039442153647542, -0.0039617824368178844, -0.005644670687615871, -0.004965900909155607, -0.0019727726466953754, -0.02555912546813488, 0.021408678963780403, 0.040445923805236816, 0.022729501128196716, 0.007404934149235487, -0.028673844411969185, -0.017394734546542168, 0.051308345049619675, -0.020273631438612938, -0.006232496816664934, -0.04875471442937851, 0.034881412982940674, 0.010705739259719849, -0.009792408905923367 ]
<p>I put this question because while reading the benefits of standardizing explanatory variables or not, I read <em>good but contrasting</em> opinions about standardizing when there are interaction in the model. </p> <p>Some talk about how problems of collinearity are removed when standardizing (e.g. <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/60476/collinearity-diagnostics-problematic-only-when-the-interaction-term-is-included#61022">Collinearity diagnostics problematic only when the interaction term is included</a>), which is basically the case of my GLMM. However, others claim that standard errors and p-values of interactions of standardized models are not reliable... (e.g.<a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/19216/variables-are-often-adjusted-e-g-standardised-before-making-a-model-when-is">Variables are often adjusted (e.g. standardised) before making a model - when is this a good idea, and when is it a bad one?</a> or <a href="http://quantpsy.org/interact/interactions.htm" rel="nofollow">http://quantpsy.org/interact/interactions.htm</a>)</p> <p>So, any ideas on what is the right thing to do?</p>
49,325
[ -0.04197898507118225, 0.027582328766584396, -0.026576640084385872, 0.015038872137665749, 0.03771170973777771, 0.0197838693857193, -0.0417080782353878, -0.03639862313866615, 0.06960795819759369, -0.015136854723095894, 0.02366744540631771, 0.02901799976825714, 0.05984557047486305, -0.003016482573002577, 0.017229214310646057, 0.004242883995175362, -0.002692149020731449, -0.03009408339858055, 0.017224783077836037, 0.0020081130787730217, -0.010113484226167202, 0.04008070006966591, 0.003008574480190873, -0.010712073184549809, -0.013070966117084026, 0.07646902650594711, -0.005089129321277142, -0.012039829045534134, 0.013115777634084225, 0.03032415732741356, -0.015574627555906773, 0.0003662695235107094, 0.02282608672976494, 0.060079991817474365, -0.01593943126499653, 0.025041932240128517, -0.00013113513705320656, -0.015197464264929295, -0.007766999304294586, 0.04772375151515007, -0.01962536759674549, -0.025367220863699913, 0.008116116747260094, 0.02440006472170353, -0.041494835168123245, 0.0225186999887228, 0.0225007813423872, -0.02079075761139393, 0.055069450289011, -0.07476925849914551, 0.045606084167957306, 0.013708441518247128, 0.05169902741909027, 0.06445740908384323, -0.024787718430161476, 0.00839881133288145, 0.04634080454707146, 0.026331182569265366, 0.006720357108861208, -0.03919702023267746, -0.024719880893826485, -0.003987886942923069, 0.03168422728776932, -0.013840927742421627, -0.04082074761390686, 0.04205116257071495, 0.02668205089867115, 0.004822826012969017, 0.05433453992009163, -0.03260021284222603, -0.009597761556506157, 0.024655580520629883, 0.0523117296397686, -0.0024902771692723036, 0.004544517025351524, -0.03959706798195839, 0.006168373394757509, 0.02246159501373768, 0.043010301887989044, 0.04227540269494057, -0.003491499461233616, -0.030672013759613037, -0.004862865898758173, 0.02742645889520645, 0.025144919753074646, 0.0009611340356059372, 0.06967926025390625, -0.017375247552990913, 0.0021222729701548815, 0.04102000594139099, -0.0434686616063118, 0.013526886701583862, 0.05277276784181595, -0.012123042717576027, -0.026819735765457153, 0.0465298555791378, -0.01191000733524561, 0.025316987186670303, 0.022967156022787094, -0.02543167769908905, -0.011966226622462273, -0.012494675815105438, -0.0108024962246418, 0.03124614618718624, -0.021571001037955284, -0.024345478042960167, -0.0463724285364151, 0.006451775319874287, -0.0019299241248518229, -0.07373315095901489, -0.01700616627931595, 0.007918762974441051, -0.016546761617064476, -0.009516017511487007, 0.037129249423742294, -0.016882674768567085, 0.013637488707900047, 0.007653944194316864, 0.06660247594118118, 0.04921089857816696, 0.045083723962306976, -0.038698695600032806, 0.022299977019429207, -0.0008710437105037272, -0.03474310413002968, 0.0013394333655014634, 0.0014833244495093822, -0.024584287777543068, -0.03154733031988144, 0.07280800491571426, 0.011729439720511436, -0.028950564563274384, -0.03003491647541523, -0.026394275948405266, 0.009912346489727497, 0.008582874201238155, -0.03981379419565201, -0.073698028922081, 0.034179527312517166, -0.029172996059060097, 0.005533628165721893, -0.05130941793322563, -0.0422215573489666, 0.008457958698272705, 0.06185562163591385, -0.014281874522566795, 0.022430911660194397, 0.004125894047319889, 0.021247847005724907, 0.01587432622909546, -0.02803514152765274, -0.07227416336536407, -0.009638020768761635, -0.03628206625580788, 0.0021341140381991863, -0.11278382688760757, -0.005700751673430204, 0.039987433701753616, -0.013523302972316742, 0.04455670714378357, 0.0626523420214653, 0.013162110932171345, -0.010624534450471401, 0.0275302492082119, -0.0038509357254952192, -0.028331927955150604, 0.053251639008522034, -0.022326823323965073, 0.04523206874728203, 0.04098149389028549, -0.0047675431706011295, 0.0200384259223938, 0.002676713280379772, 0.04133050516247749, -0.009216169826686382, -0.02570905163884163, 0.02148396521806717, -0.037283506244421005, -0.019958795979619026, -0.0012788621243089437, -0.0889272689819336, -0.03502272069454193, -0.02018018439412117, 0.015626220032572746, 0.025780852884054184, 0.03297353535890579, -0.03145220875740051, -0.030575817450881004, 0.04585760086774826, -0.013386575505137444, -0.05258936434984207, -0.08494535833597183, 0.0036376086063683033, -0.01499025709927082, -0.05798885226249695, 0.03473420813679695, -0.024457301944494247, 0.04779890179634094, 0.02377098798751831, -0.01976381614804268, -0.014055932871997356, 0.03177059441804886, 0.036515526473522186, -0.025926342234015465, 0.019869767129421234, 0.05191155523061752, 0.04792013764381409, -0.046417657285928726, 0.022469699382781982, -0.028525711968541145, -0.06317111849784851, 0.007820233702659607, -0.02977333590388298, 0.003418386448174715, -0.007902137003839016, -0.0439179502427578, -0.00826679915189743, -0.013933470472693443, -0.033562079071998596, 0.04648488759994507, -0.030498825013637543, 0.05909185856580734, 0.03139106556773186, -0.023826071992516518, -0.001059007947333157, 0.05039563775062561, 0.018253277987241745, 0.03151477500796318, -0.013647974468767643, 0.001160714658908546, -0.06302320212125778, -0.03898264467716217, 0.04032031074166298, 0.007431847974658012, -0.035833295434713364, -0.03281639888882637, 0.061882901936769485, 0.012757182121276855, 0.01988540031015873, 0.0026840008795261383, 0.00547821493819356, -0.043040234595537186, 0.004666119813919067, 0.030172793194651604, 0.010277213528752327, 0.00519859604537487, 0.00900580920279026, -0.01896936073899269, 0.012489021755754948, 0.0030306281987577677, 0.00643503712490201, 0.05396983399987221, 0.015061595477163792, -0.0008253213600255549, -0.022804968059062958, -0.014547452330589294, 0.03619227930903435, -0.010562551207840443, 0.04192168265581131, 0.04312010854482651, 0.00930349063128233, -0.02411903627216816, -0.0017563188448548317, 0.0055984016507864, 0.02339651808142662, 0.005157480947673321, -0.027353549376130104, 0.0011563858715817332, -0.009238217025995255, -0.011740180663764477, 0.012886708602309227, -0.02906760387122631, -0.0453265979886055, -0.04488711431622505, -0.03101019747555256, 0.019831566140055656, 0.0063320789486169815, 0.04830845072865486, -0.03198540583252907, -0.0055796741507947445, -0.0005969968624413013, 0.00012410165800247341, -0.012285859324038029, 0.020303484052419662, -0.032919786870479584, -0.03001352772116661, -0.05043046548962593, -0.006568922661244869, 0.01929149590432644, -0.023128878325223923, -0.005239888094365597, 0.022114604711532593, 0.018861746415495872, -0.034515608102083206, -0.03338659182190895, -0.04584700986742973, 0.02032613754272461, 0.004199405666440725, -0.07573947310447693, 0.015090742148458958, -0.0001063748641172424, -0.04049301519989967, 0.03535522148013115, -0.020544355735182762, -0.030948834493756294, -0.0001978638902073726, -0.014726928435266018, -0.002154722111299634, 0.003734100144356489, -0.011576971039175987, 0.028016142547130585, -0.06668420881032944, -0.014088017866015434, -0.09559529274702072, -0.04274287074804306, 0.027003830298781395, 0.017672788351774216, 0.039341989904642105, -0.009535565041005611, -0.022290876135230064, 0.06461852788925171, 0.03151063248515129, -0.015223289839923382, -0.06152253970503807, -0.004828835837543011, -0.00700750295072794, -0.029505889862775803, 0.017670074477791786, 0.013565968722105026, 0.0214395672082901, 0.03025488555431366, -0.018236907199025154, 0.044542428106069565, 0.010080024600028992, 0.008478336967527866, 0.0006413988885469735, 0.001984314527362585, -0.006402176804840565, 0.002794782631099224, 0.017727676779031754, 0.05007758364081383, 0.0008809960563667119, -0.01543907169252634, -0.010517940856516361, 0.012090455740690231, 0.0020921137183904648, -0.03459998220205307, 0.029085446149110794, -0.01907028816640377, 0.025826111435890198, -0.04551557078957558, -0.0014062718255445361, 0.010981920175254345, -0.04480409994721413, -0.004812083672732115, 0.018647462129592896, 0.021625466644763947, -0.024964820593595505, 0.031175192445516586, 0.060564860701560974, 0.0445115901529789, -0.013355610892176628, 0.0025603719986975193, -0.018508005887269974, -0.013509456999599934, -0.006683911196887493, 0.004061651416122913, -0.025677086785435677, 0.033541228622198105, 0.02045300044119358, -0.014848636463284492, -0.041401784867048264, -0.058306314051151276, -0.007926532998681068, -0.07828643918037415, 0.008947224356234074, -0.035580381751060486, 0.02343783900141716, 0.01928487792611122, 0.03632321581244469, 0.013311793096363544, -0.042435433715581894, -0.01691734790802002, -0.0005821157246828079, -0.07385361194610596, 0.016123883426189423, -0.030931681394577026, -0.015279168263077736, 0.0287599116563797, 0.0034223950933665037, -0.004872432444244623, -0.005432334262877703, 0.016637912020087242, 0.002069542882964015, 0.014571665786206722, -0.022325659170746803, 0.008245148696005344, -0.016164042055606842, -0.01790778338909149, 0.0072440472431480885, 0.009395456872880459, 0.03216584771871567, 0.023744814097881317, -0.0067162346094846725, 0.06119463965296745, 0.0018743808614090085, -0.021495753899216652, -0.022023893892765045, -0.01756349205970764, 0.041196059435606, 0.04702172800898552, 0.03416246548295021, 0.007923685014247894, -0.02898193523287773, 0.02213887870311737, 0.02135452628135681, 0.04449000954627991, 0.01930651068687439, -0.016548966988921165, -0.007376508787274361, -0.0525931678712368, -0.03795066103339195, -0.028626199811697006, 0.01470278576016426, 0.003188455943018198, -0.006924754474312067, 0.04847614839673042, 0.02277502790093422, -0.04616760089993477, 0.026539772748947144, 0.05888157710433006, 0.029331877827644348, -0.008032182231545448, -0.028126530349254608, -0.03225800395011902, 0.0015637162141501904, -0.013454103842377663, 0.046814654022455215, 0.008137795142829418, 0.013686352409422398, 0.02115296758711338, 0.03906543180346489, -0.025722898542881012, -0.012136316858232021, -0.009409722872078419, 0.032831933349370956, 0.055759139358997345, 0.017512502148747444, -0.045366138219833374, -0.019778110086917877, 0.02943246066570282, 0.02400776371359825, 0.0157303623855114, -0.016691643744707108, -0.0712420642375946, 0.034245673567056656, 0.046122632920742035, 0.047115541994571686, -0.04481067508459091, -0.01689797453582287, 0.02678513526916504, -0.011703521944582462, 0.04672551900148392, -0.04273607209324837, 0.02715282328426838, -0.02009832300245762, 0.010486255399882793, -0.02536201663315296, -0.030540887266397476, -0.05857672542333603, 0.029312876984477043, -0.01228983886539936, 0.047779813408851624, -0.027498500421643257, -0.032677922397851944, -0.031112130731344223, 0.03295296058058739, -0.006852749735116959, 0.04253627359867096, -0.02444828487932682, -0.03129923716187477, 0.018577223643660545, 0.015108371153473854, 0.0014277285663411021, -0.07186995446681976, 0.006686806213110685, -0.00609287666156888, -0.021955640986561775, 0.050002746284008026, 0.017206571996212006, -0.07077697664499283, -0.028505906462669373, 0.04556585103273392, -0.02159913443028927, 0.005408906377851963, 0.016719138249754906, 0.06765281409025192, 0.02227511815726757, -0.02466098964214325, 0.056707654148340225, 0.02912866324186325, -0.02439809776842594, -0.015874315053224564, -0.02330329455435276, 0.004159249365329742, -0.039551541209220886, -0.042010556906461716, -0.030086901038885117, 0.0036096766125410795, -0.019069183617830276, 0.025042107328772545, -0.006849187426269054, 0.03908394277095795, -0.008355657570064068, -0.008530358783900738, 0.010161610320210457, 0.03589823842048645, -0.01563345454633236, -0.0121911084279418, 0.036781322211027145, -0.009090408682823181, 0.004987071268260479, 0.0021053224336355925, 0.0014144259039312601, -0.02895970642566681, -0.03825023025274277, 0.013390254229307175, -0.012703537940979004, -0.007820432074368, 0.0007628247840330005, -0.03134262189269066, -0.0065416558645665646, -0.024987507611513138, 0.012211121618747711, 0.009470636956393719, 0.03959641978144646, -0.015392119996249676, -0.05532114580273628, -0.008666206151247025, 0.006969835143536329, 0.011526375077664852, 0.0325145423412323, -0.019567886367440224, 0.0173992570489645, -0.0519610270857811, 0.021415403112769127, -0.03779495507478714, -0.041602056473493576, 0.03154704347252846, -0.02632790058851242, 0.0029022519011050463, -0.016860373318195343, 0.02165728621184826, -0.027228426188230515, -0.01743798330426216, -0.02929670922458172, 0.05926916375756264, -0.04378575086593628, -0.007404340896755457, -0.01828375831246376, 0.022536231204867363, 0.0692535936832428, -0.007782346103340387, 0.01069309189915657, 0.02251572534441948, -0.015758290886878967, 0.002345756161957979, -0.017875943332910538, 0.01830347068607807, 0.003996808547526598, -0.0268142931163311, -0.044225022196769714, -0.011256460100412369, 0.04085569828748703, 0.00022085776436142623, -0.0324481725692749, 0.010996587574481964, -0.0378703735768795, 0.020403502508997917, 0.007124858442693949, -0.004773592110723257, 0.0029241188894957304, 0.030890583992004395, -0.012633301317691803, 0.01365900132805109, 0.004569799639284611, -0.0019101983634755015, 0.048356398940086365, -0.03545403108000755, -0.026276513934135437, 0.0013259443221613765, 0.05828724056482315, 0.026010258123278618, 0.028906559571623802, -0.0059753661043941975, -0.021876327693462372, 0.06031913682818413, -0.008105382323265076, 0.005698697175830603, -0.0038280084263533354, 0.010182218626141548, -0.0008399818325415254, -0.04227554798126221, -0.02782343327999115, -0.00919064600020647, 0.07071142643690109, -0.02475716732442379, 0.03848378732800484, 0.04638795554637909, -0.04026191681623459, -0.011529345996677876, -0.05236392095685005, 0.010558420792222023, 0.015368135645985603, 0.03960145637392998, 0.04024302586913109, -0.006751819048076868, -0.0005962040740996599, 0.030154062435030937, 0.045369088649749756, 0.03193654492497444, 0.022462738677859306, 0.01830904372036457, 0.016622351482510567, 0.01328040100634098, -0.020307445898652077, -0.057452935725450516, 0.06502823531627655, -0.06862680613994598, -0.008854854851961136, 0.016655491665005684, -0.010507887229323387, 0.026484305039048195, 0.047550417482852936, 0.0007126533309929073, -0.04299784451723099, -0.018540792167186737, -0.04448718950152397, -0.012753847055137157, 0.017767902463674545, -0.020408211275935173, -0.0003018697025254369, 0.002111529465764761, 0.04162631556391716, -0.012047910131514072, 0.019056132063269615, -0.06612791121006012, -0.12391935288906097, -0.029037998989224434, 0.0034386448096483946, 0.02151636965572834, 0.030148280784487724, -0.011234558187425137, -0.022241832688450813, 0.02039189077913761, -0.04617762565612793, -0.02606591023504734, -0.030440084636211395, 0.028206199407577515, -0.027297988533973694, 0.060002438724040985, 0.005831054411828518, -0.0270586796104908, -0.010924323461949825, 0.005173991899937391, 0.13765355944633484, 0.042433395981788635, 0.047537896782159805, -0.06037053465843201, 0.032445698976516724, 0.02032805047929287, 0.007081612013280392, -0.02691863663494587, 0.001120303524658084, -0.017427023500204086, -0.029288025572896004, 0.031085984781384468, 0.04373113065958023, 0.021288160234689713, -0.019182320684194565, 0.07009430229663849, -0.025910524651408195, -0.01771518960595131, 0.018572844564914703, 0.018940171226859093, -0.02766585350036621, 0.011395557783544064, -0.017264513298869133, 0.013941152021288872, -0.027936307713389397, 0.00540929613634944, -0.01175734307616949, 0.03144209831953049, -0.01304423063993454, 0.02507876791059971, -0.002775565255433321, -0.006585761904716492, 0.04493940994143486, 0.010529102757573128, -0.016358746215701103, -0.005938343703746796, 0.019596420228481293, -0.016939599066972733, 0.015062055550515652, 0.028615916147828102, -0.05109923332929611, 0.009388278238475323, 0.021197577938437462, -0.006986677180975676, -0.0629686638712883, -0.042628802359104156, 0.0024824696592986584, 0.06385079771280289, -0.019129402935504913, -0.01822749897837639, -0.01788644678890705, -0.004980125464498997, 0.0035045132972300053, -0.021209998056292534, -0.01129439752548933, 0.020794935524463654, 0.0180987436324358, -0.017380721867084503, 0.029321420937776566, -0.06044308468699455, 0.02934473194181919, -0.002599690342321992, 0.05049363523721695, 0.036531541496515274, -0.039063241332769394, -0.009501148946583271, -0.04296230152249336, 0.035849880427122116, 0.013300261460244656, 0.01025069784373045, -0.027387406677007675, -0.01211023423820734, -0.06553543359041214, -0.015005795285105705, 0.034452468156814575, 0.026581602171063423, 0.07643412053585052, -0.00040443945908918977, 0.027916477993130684, -0.05277897045016289, -0.03641534224152565, 0.021843213587999344, 0.005669047124683857, 0.008568467572331429, -0.07002394646406174, 0.008284438401460648, 0.018913816660642624, 0.05144161731004715, 0.0065925391390919685, 0.017012227326631546, -0.019907653331756592, 0.03802623227238655, -0.010312256403267384, -0.034033793956041336, -0.014994917437434196, -0.024864302948117256, -0.025777755305171013, -0.019234782084822655, -0.022861652076244354, 0.00922110304236412, -0.0023279848974198103, 0.018040448427200317, -0.009015614166855812, 0.04013589769601822, 0.02001420594751835, 0.024853723123669624, 0.03158467635512352, -0.03952302038669586, 0.00261106388643384, 0.020670386031270027, 0.007158360909670591, -0.013810059055685997, -0.008379073813557625, -0.027853144332766533, -0.03218711540102959, 0.018218696117401123, -0.01300686877220869, -0.04245322570204735, 0.014001145958900452, -0.040346693247556686, 0.057047419250011444, -0.04983072727918625, -0.018905900418758392, -0.06646527349948883, 0.0012564979260787368, -0.011618312448263168, -0.04397585988044739, 0.038631465286016464, -0.01703607849776745, -0.01600601151585579, 0.023994097486138344, 0.061522096395492554, 0.014352397061884403, 0.010423899628221989, -0.04069509357213974, -0.02072935178875923, 0.025158170610666275, 0.058829717338085175, -0.02565145306289196, -0.02990119904279709, 0.03012249805033207, -0.0011557256802916527, -0.043101925402879715, 0.0042055160738527775, -0.004131000023335218, 0.027749402448534966, 0.032209496945142746, 0.009264747612178326, -0.01693706028163433, 0.012861683964729309, -0.015716910362243652, 0.009591257199645042, 0.014547782018780708, 0.021594995632767677, -0.015181616879999638, -0.009161502122879028, 0.01220342144370079, 0.02515634521842003, 0.00035005007521249354, 0.023138508200645447, 0.04394546151161194, 0.02884479984641075, 0.014744739048182964, 0.0220643300563097, 0.000880252628121525, 0.00886954553425312, -0.004075607284903526, -0.025245249271392822, 0.04056638851761818, 0.03160710632801056, -0.025262370705604553, 0.03867708519101143, -0.0039527094922959805, 0.027350857853889465, -0.06915364414453506, -0.008670339360833168, -0.01318773441016674, 0.03157629817724228, 0.020614955574274063, -0.017128046602010727, -0.0008468945743516088, 0.029208378866314888, -0.053549423813819885, 0.00977613590657711, -0.004202795214951038, -0.04449320584535599, -0.01837366819381714, 0.008700923062860966, -0.004209332633763552, 0.027792057022452354, -0.01098647527396679, 0.00920811016112566, 0.0022519323974847794, 0.01539777871221304, 0.027170371264219284, -0.009727459400892258, -0.015989139676094055, -0.020372424274683, -0.012863155454397202, -0.041038352996110916, 0.035911642014980316, -0.02194351516664028, -0.029392750933766365, 0.019000602886080742, -0.0017348111141473055, 0.019931640475988388, 0.028937840834259987, 0.026388898491859436, 0.022619228810071945, 0.06261399388313293, 0.04606769606471062, 0.010197252035140991, 0.003240651451051235, 0.005741690285503864, 0.036238279193639755, 0.051789041608572006, 0.00010862751514650881, -0.008161145262420177, 0.0071794576942920685, -0.014619392342865467, -0.05296970158815384, 0.01866454817354679, -0.009915792383253574, -0.0394778847694397, -0.025433024391531944, 0.013186839409172535, 0.023790813982486725, -0.006374383810907602, 0.006455571856349707, -0.026797013357281685, 0.0010746419429779053, 0.04125027358531952, 0.031036170199513435, -0.021396754309535027, 0.01048234011977911, -0.019125016406178474, -0.029621882364153862, 0.0248191449791193, 0.008226619102060795, 0.008874231949448586, -0.050192367285490036, -0.01643245667219162, -0.023107297718524933, 0.0073364246636629105, -0.039987124502658844, -0.004756851587444544, -0.044778160750865936, 0.08787323534488678, -0.041675668209791183, 0.05216716229915619, 0.0013265223242342472, -0.056174386292696, 0.028306715190410614, -0.05655364319682121, 0.06964168697595596, 0.026582058519124985, -0.01087473426014185, -0.027096640318632126, 0.007945209741592407, -0.03483232110738754, -0.0010604659328237176, 0.06870482861995697, -0.008571909740567207, -0.005827692802995443, -0.007885050028562546, 0.029945140704512596, -0.010061223991215229, -0.019572999328374863, 0.023973507806658745, 0.03264559805393219, 0.004244806244969368, -0.0011467692675068974, -0.0021094372496008873, 0.03611133620142937, 0.028247058391571045, 0.018236462026834488, -0.003721932414919138, -0.002843838185071945, 0.01061051245778799, -0.029654478654265404, 0.0228702574968338, 0.0066940924152731895, -0.016094492748379707, 0.048557788133621216, 0.012069941498339176, 0.04187953472137451, 0.04641443490982056, -0.009634586982429028, -0.019109725952148438, 0.04037347435951233, -0.0365813672542572, -0.010264796204864979, 0.019703319296240807, 0.027486314997076988, 0.0038528123404830694, -0.07426927238702774, 0.030036021023988724, 0.027573121711611748, -0.04064837843179703, 0.01517404057085514, 0.0017369338311254978, 0.05254969373345375, 0.04278044402599335, 0.002228971105068922, 0.02519729733467102, 0.0368959940969944, 0.0068937563337385654, 0.010060898959636688, 0.009878178127110004, 0.018800029531121254, 0.05467694625258446, -0.03402741625905037, 0.009276699274778366, -0.010337571613490582, 0.05156968906521797, -0.0048797354102134705, 0.019364405423402786, -0.021487101912498474, -0.010241320356726646, 0.03096216358244419, 0.007764279376715422, 0.04703425616025925, 0.01856035180389881, -0.0085370521992445, 0.019426297396421432, -0.04979802668094635, -0.033410489559173584, -0.02093297243118286, 0.0014602401060983539, -0.03459237143397331, -0.0007409810787066817, -0.013997743837535381, 0.0339740589261055, -0.002460485091432929, -0.024940451607108116, -0.027945877984166145, -0.02207259275019169, -0.004184399731457233, -0.022309893742203712, 0.033305004239082336, -0.024419454857707024, -0.008625918067991734, -0.015786854550242424, -0.02410990558564663, -0.04114270210266113, -0.02356642112135887, 0.053433965891599655, 0.04705817624926567, 0.026967735961079597, -0.06442199647426605, -0.0053468430414795876, 0.006747629959136248, 0.040804456919431686, -0.06821589171886444, -0.001145311165601015, -0.031952109187841415, -0.017000045627355576, 0.004563880618661642, 0.004152366891503334 ]
<p>I am trying to do a box-cox transformation with swift. I have a dependent variable, annual foreign sales of companies (in US\$ thousands) which contains zeros, for a set of panel data. I have been advised to add a small amount, for example, 0.00001 to the annual foreign sales figures so that I can take the log, but I think box-cox transformation will produce a more appropriate constant than 0.00001. I have done a box-cox transformation on R with the codes below, but it has given me a very large lambda2 of 31162.8.</p> <pre><code>library(geoR) boxcoxfit(bornp$ForeignSales, lambda2 = TRUE) #R output - Fitted parameters: # lambda lambda2 beta sigmasq # -1.023463e+00 3.116280e+04 9.770577e-01 7.140328e-11 </code></pre> <p>My hunch is that the above value of lambda2 is very large, so I am not sure if I need to run the boxcoxfit with my independent variables like below:</p> <pre><code>boxcoxfit(bornp$ForeignSales, bornp$family bornp$roa bornp$solvencyratio,lambda2=TRUE) </code></pre> <p>I am still trying to identify the best set of independent variables, so I am not sure if using the boxcoxfit with independent variables at this stage will work or is best.</p> <p>Here's the description of the two lambda parameters from the help:</p> <p><code>lambda      </code> numerical value(s) for the transformation parameter $\lambda$. Used as the initial value<br> <code>            </code> in the function for parameter estimation. If not provided default values are as-<br> <code>            </code> sumed. If multiple values are passed the one with highest likelihood is used as<br> <code>            </code> initial value.<br> <code>lambda2     </code> logical or numerical value(s) of the additional transformation (see DETAILS<br> <code>            </code> below). Defaults to <code>NULL</code>. If <code>TRUE</code> this parameter is also estimated and the initial<br> <code>            </code> value is set to the absolute value of the minimum data. A numerical value is<br> <code>            </code> provided it is used as the initial value. Multiple values are allowed as for<br> <code>            </code> lambda.</p> <p>I would be very grateful for any advice on the above.</p>
74,120
[ -0.025007763877511024, 0.036471687257289886, 0.01988435722887516, -0.010038912296295166, 0.026836488395929337, -0.02635221555829048, -0.03548286110162735, -0.029033323749899864, 0.04261483624577522, -0.0493181012570858, 0.025993909686803818, 0.02412179671227932, 0.04048457741737366, -0.0006990073015913367, -0.00585320545360446, 0.03027684986591339, -0.00044662164873443544, 0.044491495937108994, -0.014000475406646729, 0.018599696457386017, -0.034294843673706055, 0.022669009864330292, -0.008177696727216244, -0.0013363190228119493, 0.01464390940964222, 0.0379655659198761, 0.008832268416881561, -0.025366172194480896, -0.03099994920194149, 0.08318793773651123, -0.027886072173714638, -0.019074590876698494, 0.005187384784221649, 0.013058866374194622, -0.011194707825779915, 0.05415630713105202, 0.009001747705042362, -0.02183310128748417, -0.005768635310232639, 0.060435619205236435, -0.013220314867794514, -0.024336600676178932, 0.013776205480098724, 0.04632863029837608, 0.033865682780742645, 0.030349893495440483, 0.0005254288553260267, -0.014088205993175507, 0.03906648978590965, -0.012955193407833576, 0.051819074898958206, -0.0062259784899652, 0.021731961518526077, 0.025936098769307137, -0.027829574421048164, -0.05917257070541382, 0.04569889232516289, 0.047582585364580154, 0.021764198318123817, -0.06175335496664047, -0.011062420904636383, -0.026017673313617706, -0.002172897569835186, -0.014997781254351139, -0.0046105836518108845, 0.029675081372261047, -0.00194942532107234, 0.002308626426383853, 0.02996620163321495, -0.051394183188676834, 0.07659675180912018, 0.028200732544064522, -0.0030363162513822317, -0.0510035865008831, 0.016120921820402145, -0.007838673889636993, 0.0025878422893583775, 0.015286964364349842, 0.013149947859346867, 0.01547393761575222, -0.0019525701645761728, 0.022654874250292778, -0.0082099549472332, 0.02323741465806961, -0.00630648760125041, 0.03179124742746353, 0.06735467165708542, -0.021119795739650726, 0.024371232837438583, 0.005409952253103256, -0.007781586609780788, -0.0007771420059725642, 0.06304339319467545, 0.046634286642074585, -0.03297379985451698, 0.07771633565425873, -0.02603045478463173, 0.049499113112688065, -0.0013657639501616359, -0.01809200458228588, -0.05126379430294037, -0.03349701315164566, -0.02202342450618744, 0.055498819798231125, 0.013520552776753902, 0.03559970483183861, -0.03487427532672882, -0.03815532103180885, -0.005149323493242264, -0.029858160763978958, -0.013744783587753773, -0.012919438071548939, -0.03403433412313461, -0.0031950990669429302, -0.003398006549105048, -0.0012694562319666147, -0.0369659923017025, 0.016953324899077415, 0.03358445316553116, 0.04874000325798988, 0.042119305580854416, -0.0022591939195990562, 0.01138281263411045, -0.00719082448631525, -0.049255434423685074, 0.018793677911162376, -0.0036506594624370337, 0.0025598902720957994, -0.06960852444171906, 0.047687675803899765, 0.03750878944993019, -0.01652863621711731, 0.03256037458777428, -0.015444955788552761, -0.0012568681268021464, -0.009592242538928986, -0.058512914925813675, -0.07151515036821365, -0.009928164072334766, 0.004728932399302721, 0.029636088758707047, -0.04885265231132507, -0.01502113975584507, 0.02556362748146057, 0.04341819882392883, 0.008698430843651295, 0.054516445845365524, 0.02593369223177433, 0.043410878628492355, -0.009474431164562702, -0.04010805860161781, -0.009255163371562958, -0.04745211452245712, -0.014900457113981247, 0.02391739934682846, -0.0327225998044014, -0.007572113070636988, 0.005339462775737047, -0.008525986224412918, 0.006967258173972368, 0.03716236725449562, -0.0009133444982580841, -0.04435264691710472, -0.011465393006801605, 0.0032900243531912565, -0.017873626202344894, 0.022525541484355927, 0.006723421160131693, 0.04688291996717453, 0.02240908332169056, -0.07112156599760056, 0.03201562911272049, -0.00843048095703125, 0.024321846663951874, 0.04891674220561981, -0.01993454620242119, 0.012737634591758251, -0.07179579138755798, 0.02113015204668045, 0.01779213175177574, -0.06051547825336456, -0.016629483550786972, -0.0200184378772974, -0.011086098849773407, -0.0229470394551754, 0.04777590185403824, -0.003364983946084976, -0.036849625408649445, 0.03298787400126457, -0.09453050792217255, -0.07583919912576675, -0.03400804102420807, -0.01642022095620632, 0.02950524352490902, -0.030282290652394295, 0.004173004999756813, -0.019880566745996475, 0.01245774794369936, 0.029401063919067383, 0.011783543974161148, -0.008549285121262074, -0.0011331986170262098, 0.04187927395105362, -0.004543643910437822, 0.03059689886868, 0.05045528709888458, 0.08695773035287857, -0.034215155988931656, 0.020040037110447884, -0.0008553550578653812, 0.0010820309398695827, -0.00447956845164299, -0.028109103441238403, 0.025463487952947617, -0.03513256460428238, 0.017370786517858505, 0.005912620108574629, 0.01087395753711462, -0.05278042331337929, -0.01280919462442398, -0.05600723624229431, -0.0008075641235336661, 0.06477051973342896, 0.009330973960459232, 0.01319641713052988, 0.023951204493641853, -0.006978875957429409, 0.044801823794841766, -0.016140781342983246, 0.003745259018614888, -0.05768067017197609, -0.006024329457432032, 0.013851030729711056, 0.029543427750468254, -0.003104196861386299, -0.022063232958316803, 0.03464238718152046, -0.03489752486348152, 0.005332866683602333, 0.026689691469073296, 0.026905398815870285, -0.0015075504779815674, 0.011237962171435356, 0.0005978182307444513, 0.012632844969630241, 0.0008968816255219281, 0.03390452638268471, -0.013605363667011261, 0.02408410608768463, -0.030222803354263306, 0.004791515879333019, 0.030471328645944595, 0.01698272116482258, -0.006388173438608646, -0.05615740269422531, -0.005537204910069704, 0.04938872531056404, -0.015142072923481464, -0.016693847253918648, 0.04357295483350754, 0.01773078367114067, 0.013738389126956463, -0.04217259958386421, -0.013587916269898415, -0.02355802245438099, 0.024976622313261032, 0.006840123329311609, 0.024306360632181168, 0.008116657845675945, -0.058106329292058945, 0.03893972560763359, -0.01518796756863594, -0.019481811672449112, -0.024707457050681114, -0.005382725968956947, 0.007338718976825476, 0.02514849230647087, -0.023307040333747864, -0.011392523534595966, -0.025724763050675392, -0.026169147342443466, 0.008566497825086117, 0.036798618733882904, 0.01075399573892355, -0.028910774737596512, -0.015410770662128925, -0.05923834070563316, -0.020574338734149933, 0.03868761658668518, -0.025763947516679764, -0.045203208923339844, 0.046652767807245255, 0.012859523296356201, -0.0022235859651118517, -0.018272709101438522, -0.005147082265466452, -0.015522317960858345, -0.00450858473777771, 0.04271030053496361, 0.031791724264621735, 0.015410779044032097, -0.05215947702527046, 0.02045951597392559, -0.07114899903535843, -0.009252450428903103, -0.010435756295919418, -0.012300350703299046, -0.0015090826200321317, 0.022434744983911514, 0.0021836673840880394, -0.018665606155991554, 0.011366358958184719, 0.03121158666908741, -0.07789763063192368, -0.038611188530921936, 0.006496265064924955, 0.02615457959473133, 0.049820393323898315, -0.053698766976594925, -0.003103624563664198, 0.08241654932498932, 0.018439922481775284, -0.016057731583714485, -0.03938532993197441, 0.0056119440123438835, 0.01905798353254795, -0.019779955968260765, 0.02814486064016819, 0.009079339914023876, 0.017439668998122215, 0.04901121184229851, -0.050020571798086166, 0.054132819175720215, 0.0671461969614029, -0.0075765615329146385, -0.0007856609881855547, 0.028524719178676605, -0.002221729140728712, -0.034688808023929596, 0.032233547419309616, 0.04836165904998779, -0.0031927190721035004, 0.03315012529492378, -0.034999530762434006, 0.010138256475329399, 0.001508771674707532, -0.032882314175367355, 0.0158550962805748, 0.017641820013523102, -0.012799279764294624, -0.03220020607113838, -0.0030644892249256372, 0.023058874532580376, -0.08569693565368652, -0.024489309638738632, -0.02736928127706051, 0.01562761329114437, -0.022289801388978958, -0.014602930285036564, -0.0022469786927103996, 0.02706332877278328, 0.03360529989004135, -0.009859925135970116, -0.024217817932367325, -0.023044561967253685, 0.016148898750543594, -0.009982295334339142, 0.0012323710834607482, 0.007703971117734909, 0.05541481077671051, 0.08403294533491135, -0.00594759127125144, -0.024078385904431343, 0.011121250689029694, -0.041447557508945465, -0.011903633363544941, -0.026765024289488792, 0.035124000161886215, 0.010194591246545315, 0.020196586847305298, 0.0074552930891513824, 0.0398748442530632, -0.018789472058415413, -0.010377955622971058, -0.0737089216709137, 0.032680194824934006, -0.006341930013149977, 0.014331632293760777, 0.0008171175722964108, -0.05865905433893204, 0.0311740729957819, -0.04026978090405464, -0.015085921622812748, 0.005631534848362207, 0.04657142236828804, -0.003827090375125408, 0.01650448516011238, -0.00033664345392026007, 0.005611341912299395, 0.015903249382972717, 0.03526486083865166, 0.01547161117196083, -0.015301121398806572, 0.010895498096942902, 0.012801115401089191, -0.009050099179148674, -0.0066999890841543674, -0.007709666155278683, -0.007551982533186674, 0.012481201440095901, 0.023721979930996895, 0.029257606714963913, 0.004665671847760677, -0.042886778712272644, 0.015772880986332893, 0.018702412024140358, 0.00044120659003965557, 0.04674931988120079, -0.04173412546515465, 0.006300065666437149, -0.009112299419939518, -0.040445636957883835, -0.021934159100055695, -0.01089733000844717, 0.04008255898952484, 0.015435926616191864, 0.027849778532981873, 0.033257510513067245, -0.006880563218146563, 0.009443934075534344, 0.09308373928070068, 0.03583792224526405, -0.03196248412132263, 0.0045221890322864056, -0.019412169232964516, -0.01725449040532112, -0.005932220723479986, 0.02930203266441822, 0.03049648553133011, -0.02890590764582157, 0.0046186973340809345, 0.028364652767777443, -0.011184526607394218, -0.05561259016394615, 0.04360298812389374, 0.02512333169579506, 0.06429721415042877, -0.02007816731929779, -0.015193982049822807, -0.033557116985321045, 0.04349450394511223, 0.03387565538287163, 0.044041238725185394, -0.021426400169730186, -0.0831725224852562, -0.03604903072118759, 0.009061748161911964, 0.052005473524332047, -0.008861568756401539, -0.029520198702812195, -0.03587769344449043, -0.021786291152238846, 0.017346158623695374, -0.02006066031754017, 0.024723811075091362, -0.008973319083452225, 0.0287735965102911, 0.0023578365799039602, -0.03576870635151863, -0.06490888446569443, 0.016725167632102966, -0.012345496565103531, 0.013100620359182358, -0.02010568417608738, -0.01239887997508049, -0.005216831341385841, 0.060376375913619995, -0.03967747464776039, 0.011678304523229599, -0.05265774205327034, -0.014352688565850258, 0.04018654674291611, 0.01691434346139431, -0.002609861781820655, 0.008963318541646004, 0.03978695720434189, -0.00472150556743145, 0.010445225052535534, 0.04692685231566429, 0.042171332985162735, -0.028763236477971077, 0.032880086451768875, 0.018326707184314728, 0.00977698527276516, 0.00935269519686699, -0.01769879087805748, -0.008481594733893871, -0.005473822355270386, -0.02208847366273403, 0.05088283121585846, 0.04549861699342728, -0.04977215826511383, 0.05062811076641083, -0.055533163249492645, -0.008828481659293175, 0.016463741660118103, -0.014506208710372448, -0.06091241165995598, 0.005238345358520746, -0.008124204352498055, -0.0032972702756524086, -0.015214468352496624, 0.05838977172970772, -0.060237690806388855, 0.02008729614317417, 0.04177200049161911, 0.03637882322072983, 0.0005205727647989988, -0.0076137627474963665, -0.00413197698071599, 0.027257511392235756, -0.02130134589970112, -0.019672397524118423, -0.024195188656449318, -0.028338566422462463, 0.013621700927615166, 0.0113102737814188, -0.038536738604307175, 0.026739265769720078, 0.001596993999555707, -0.010805071331560612, 0.01659350097179413, -0.02124989591538906, 0.057822469621896744, 0.007520556915551424, -0.010323907248675823, 0.020006855949759483, -0.033121589571237564, 0.004796085879206657, 0.005404356867074966, -0.0045176963321864605, 0.022619236260652542, -0.018921082839369774, 0.026493625715374947, 0.00442135613411665, -0.005972360260784626, -0.041125182062387466, -0.0037263466510921717, 0.007907170802354813, -0.03304728865623474, -0.04000019282102585, 0.008050195872783661, -0.01626979187130928, -0.008945138193666935, -0.01917092129588127, -0.01969086565077305, 0.057815924286842346, -0.012363693676888943, -0.020126592367887497, 0.001590576721355319, 0.05607811361551285, 0.02076408453285694, 0.0016953948652371764, 0.01790948025882244, 0.023056814447045326, 0.028342079371213913, -0.020192531868815422, 0.0326211154460907, 0.022930385544896126, -0.01892007887363434, -0.021608129143714905, -0.019315224140882492, -0.01874637044966221, 0.008910160511732101, -0.029167089611291885, -0.0042128548957407475, 0.01806384138762951, 0.018483534455299377, 0.012229370884597301, 0.009465057402849197, 0.004801598843187094, -0.03180991858243942, 0.006715313531458378, -0.012454668991267681, -0.00470743840560317, -0.02714509703218937, -0.027103425934910774, 0.0022850895766168833, -0.046540334820747375, -0.013810615986585617, 0.02732134610414505, 0.07575453817844391, -0.0026510432362556458, -0.011670362204313278, -0.01736566610634327, -0.022485997527837753, 0.037319302558898926, 0.029336586594581604, -0.017305243760347366, 0.024967823177576065, 0.021344417706131935, -0.02005278877913952, -0.003894680179655552, -0.056777264922857285, 0.02902711182832718, 0.06400308758020401, -0.006318442989140749, 0.030517717823386192, 0.015955397859215736, 0.0036927922628819942, -0.0032778114546090364, -0.0571708083152771, -0.011169437319040298, 0.007024075835943222, -0.0028727722819894552, 0.06318548321723938, -0.003694371785968542, 0.01241528894752264, 0.03153539076447487, 0.022604770958423615, 0.011638566851615906, 0.0038206111639738083, 0.0013005093205720186, -0.008705627173185349, 0.005604615435004234, -0.07883160561323166, -0.04626861587166786, 0.012630490586161613, -0.03545239195227623, 0.040444932878017426, -0.012198643758893013, -0.004561387933790684, 0.03594386205077171, 0.03890174627304077, -0.014438102953135967, -0.0687422901391983, -0.01628805883228779, -0.05955829843878746, 0.029196102172136307, 0.05006248876452446, 0.005954944062978029, 0.03669895976781845, 0.018374372273683548, 0.07880520820617676, -0.0044233412481844425, 0.0482369065284729, -0.05569550395011902, -0.05297597870230675, -0.011609101668000221, -0.032037802040576935, -0.018401924520730972, 0.04729779064655304, -0.019877633079886436, 0.008472845889627934, 0.021381109952926636, -0.020339854061603546, 0.007229102775454521, 0.0344119556248188, 0.014028270728886127, 0.020625414326786995, 0.09622552990913391, -0.03241996094584465, 0.024296000599861145, -0.0011919753160327673, 0.0223518218845129, 0.15904313325881958, 0.08964841067790985, 0.021003570407629013, -0.06298471987247467, -0.03688060864806175, 0.013021886348724365, -0.0165996253490448, -0.030020195990800858, -0.04709721356630325, 0.0038024953100830317, -0.01875578984618187, 0.02994944341480732, 0.0717487707734108, 0.005323955323547125, -0.011787968687713146, 0.01577753759920597, -0.012198113836348057, -0.0064771962352097034, 0.01038330513983965, 0.0656895861029625, -0.01637299917638302, -0.026088792830705643, -0.03844408690929413, 0.00539924344047904, -0.013121656142175198, -0.009906397201120853, -0.006455513183027506, 0.01668688654899597, -0.03822300210595131, -0.0009741284884512424, -0.01587805710732937, 0.015318715944886208, 0.03801610693335533, -0.007006436120718718, 0.015818104147911072, 0.018033429980278015, 0.04573770612478256, -0.048941660672426224, -0.003029197221621871, 0.022510897368192673, -0.034867577254772186, 0.010652725584805012, 0.04319632053375244, 0.00587081303820014, -0.049811188131570816, -0.000678268086630851, -0.05897057428956032, -0.006297580432146788, -0.021044740453362465, -0.033894143998622894, -0.016921455040574074, -0.015502667985856533, 0.0000293177963612834, -0.04666546732187271, 0.031889427453279495, 0.029143672436475754, 0.04448242112994194, -0.020024143159389496, -0.029000522568821907, -0.009216638281941414, 0.0001504791434854269, 0.032491207122802734, 0.010744407773017883, 0.04069352149963379, -0.03308583423495293, -0.029562950134277344, -0.035768989473581314, 0.08817664533853531, -0.009656879119575024, 0.015021196566522121, 0.03014681488275528, -0.01175323873758316, -0.0006266033742576838, -0.0077493456192314625, 0.018646670505404472, 0.011687388643622398, 0.04461492598056793, -0.052481479942798615, 0.018939202651381493, -0.03472311422228813, -0.0466763861477375, -0.037311479449272156, -0.06689798831939697, 0.006955793127417564, -0.05783012509346008, -0.010349061340093613, 0.021914979442954063, 0.03748856857419014, -0.000090369678218849, 0.008193082176148891, 0.006054420489817858, 0.08050816506147385, -0.008895338512957096, -0.05862252041697502, -0.05668134614825249, 0.015422994270920753, -0.02754114754498005, -0.010267055593430996, -0.03477631136775017, 0.06301017850637436, 0.013035719282925129, 0.025212397798895836, -0.0042671640403568745, 0.02660025656223297, -0.006610748823732138, 0.03957032039761543, 0.06475401669740677, -0.053411491215229034, -0.0010932799195870757, -0.008085127919912338, -0.02278466522693634, -0.044838182628154755, -0.007381882984191179, -0.029827846214175224, -0.06665389984846115, 0.029451241716742516, -0.015064055100083351, -0.0666797086596489, 0.017542816698551178, -0.013699966482818127, 0.025512605905532837, -0.010006270371377468, -0.0025951110292226076, 0.005155927501618862, -0.009709677658975124, -0.027697483077645302, -0.03328116610646248, 0.012044050730764866, 0.050444960594177246, -0.03076569177210331, -0.012476804666221142, 0.034416619688272476, 0.012243960052728653, 0.014151083305478096, 0.007216565776616335, -0.022142793983221054, 0.031039103865623474, 0.03675776720046997, -0.02141803503036499, -0.0028767152689397335, -0.026770109310746193, -0.03543761000037193, 0.013655973598361015, 0.00827807281166315, 0.025253336876630783, 0.026384098455309868, 0.012032096274197102, -0.0023042166139930487, -0.07036572694778442, 0.011860580183565617, 0.003003552323207259, 0.022977249696850777, -0.013734104111790657, 0.020963091403245926, 0.04448150470852852, -0.006971410475671291, -0.011719548143446445, 0.0013245234731584787, -0.014115922152996063, 0.026115495711565018, 0.019377432763576508, -0.034265950322151184, 0.006849295925348997, 0.00953639391809702, -0.0312577448785305, -0.029639173299074173, -0.03948327898979187, 0.004409934859722853, -0.0032399536576122046, 0.025818392634391785, -0.03995572775602341, 0.007902766577899456, -0.055058181285858154, 0.000055459586292272434, -0.062319859862327576, -0.014410915784537792, 0.012476137839257717, 0.007301378529518843, 0.027985502034425735, -0.034397192299366, 0.023307275027036667, -0.006072522606700659, -0.010583478957414627, 0.010579668916761875, 0.00901575107127428, 0.016702374443411827, -0.011924118734896183, -0.014769667759537697, -0.008860715664923191, 0.02437703311443329, 0.06144189462065697, -0.008892588317394257, 0.051908694207668304, 0.03234594315290451, -0.005994698498398066, -0.036867331713438034, -0.008692977018654346, -0.043103963136672974, 0.03564842417836189, -0.04334433004260063, 0.020720861852169037, -0.03239109739661217, 0.004689896944910288, 0.034469012171030045, 0.00850363727658987, 0.025113144889473915, 0.00264540733769536, 0.00778020778670907, 0.019424214959144592, 0.05835616588592529, 0.006157152354717255, 0.014881548471748829, 0.022922677919268608, 0.011783908121287823, 0.016678882762789726, 0.015477776527404785, -0.036803193390369415, 0.04812553897500038, -0.006205584388226271, -0.018876085057854652, -0.027630170807242393, -0.010090427473187447, -0.013223715126514435, 0.019528932869434357, 0.006880754604935646, -0.012422061525285244, -0.018969997763633728, 0.01796720176935196, -0.013626385480165482, -0.027405884116888046, -0.00959081295877695, 0.03864916414022446, 0.03204037994146347, -0.02087949775159359, -0.0009479856234975159, -0.030952339991927147, -0.022312765941023827, 0.029692096635699272, 0.015074432827532291, -0.03537227213382721, -0.023196207359433174, -0.04234609007835388, -0.01574075222015381, -0.011242149397730827, -0.05847897008061409, 0.008664126507937908, -0.024620380252599716, 0.05738252028822899, -0.025208527222275734, -0.007295871153473854, 0.032139554619789124, 0.011414644308388233, 0.04327527433633804, -0.12260307371616364, 0.020963085815310478, 0.0010518607450649142, -0.00046043566544540226, 0.004697259049862623, -0.028629912063479424, -0.018129391595721245, -0.013290434144437313, 0.03251960128545761, -0.02709835022687912, 0.005996543914079666, -0.019324544817209244, 0.02352112904191017, -0.007036886177957058, -0.002426418010145426, 0.07672923058271408, -0.000031133451557252556, -0.03695104271173477, -0.029586344957351685, 0.030276743695139885, 0.025652827695012093, 0.01865437999367714, -0.03348909318447113, -0.010926025919616222, 0.0011936009395867586, 0.010748222470283508, -0.0143412621691823, 0.006774069741368294, -0.0058785998262465, -0.01532079465687275, 0.053608544170856476, 0.0158329289406538, -0.012325514107942581, 0.05343786999583244, 0.010103548876941204, -0.05995694547891617, 0.0066885994747281075, -0.04619394615292549, -0.023636378347873688, -0.018552687019109726, -0.007866572588682175, -0.009505126625299454, -0.0313640721142292, 0.022347550839185715, 0.040106166154146194, -0.020772704854607582, -0.0006437783595174551, 0.05814807116985321, 0.003909241408109665, 0.03259996697306633, 0.008616154082119465, 0.003249780973419547, -0.0003235414915252477, -0.010437199845910072, 0.0221560075879097, -0.007152961101382971, 0.02724342606961727, 0.034875452518463135, 0.023416681215167046, 0.0458100251853466, -0.027970070019364357, 0.024361755698919296, -0.018725577741861343, 0.02496320940554142, -0.0547102615237236, -0.03828658536076546, 0.052053749561309814, -0.00879029743373394, 0.020492693409323692, 0.0010785853955894709, -0.006485516671091318, 0.051327820867300034, -0.016129205003380775, 0.004046348854899406, -0.021933404728770256, 0.01723242551088333, -0.012297374196350574, 0.040210530161857605, -0.02506948821246624, 0.022902807220816612, -0.008226336911320686, 0.030571406707167625, -0.01908155344426632, -0.02019999362528324, 0.021142026409506798, -0.03058137744665146, -0.020828891545534134, 0.022732798010110855, 0.04651811346411705, 0.009888856671750546, -0.007360697258263826, -0.014769161120057106, -0.028825873509049416, -0.017032472416758537, 0.0015621777856722474, -0.02904745563864708, -0.051906801760196686, -0.008615296334028244, 0.0265802089124918, 0.013535910286009312, -0.0458863265812397, -0.022817794233560562, -0.03397395834326744, -0.04190441593527794, -0.014408256858587265, -0.00008876771607901901 ]
<p>What is the expected length of a streak of heads or tails when flipping a coin? What distribution is this?</p> <p>I'm pretty sure the answer is 2. But I don't know what distributions it is..</p> <p>I did the following R code:</p> <pre><code>l=10000 longest.stk = avg.stk = numeric(l) for(i in 1:l){ x=sample(0:1, 1000, repl=T) r = rle(x) longest.stk[i] = max(r$lengths) avg.stk[i] = mean(r$lengths) } mean(longest.stk) [1] 10.3001 mean(avg.stk) [1] 2.000825 </code></pre>
74,121
[ -0.06120863929390907, -0.03453103452920914, 0.011543311178684235, -0.005845681298524141, 0.01711970567703247, 0.02297172322869301, -0.0015131431864574552, 0.0023744311183691025, -0.02159152366220951, -0.008816968649625778, 0.06485206633806229, 0.06410156935453415, 0.03832894191145897, 0.03650927171111107, 0.05912632867693901, 0.02939109317958355, -0.0028627982828766108, 0.0008296456071548164, 0.003409364726394415, 0.013254460878670216, -0.002813706872984767, -0.01814904808998108, 0.01606639288365841, -0.015697825700044632, -0.05354922637343407, 0.022246578708291054, 0.07114087790250778, -0.0100051024928689, 0.04271902143955231, 0.0472247414290905, -0.018448032438755035, -0.06110913306474686, 0.03984685614705086, 0.004812500439584255, 0.0025717259850353003, 0.014138864353299141, -0.021787218749523163, -0.02032228372991085, -0.015414378605782986, 0.042568907141685486, -0.027304695919156075, 0.003362503135576844, -0.000004097721557627665, 0.02700507640838623, -0.018623962998390198, 0.002051454270258546, -0.032087717205286026, -0.046938128769397736, 0.03201371058821678, -0.03803882375359535, 0.04574989899992943, -0.014271103776991367, 0.04383305087685585, -0.025944706052541733, 0.03318336233496666, 0.0088574243709445, 0.060536500066518784, 0.06514475494623184, 0.008613953366875648, -0.07751063257455826, 0.0004079722857568413, -0.038132164627313614, -0.018394839018583298, 0.023972565308213234, -0.04272226244211197, -0.00023681679158471525, -0.031013090163469315, -0.05364412069320679, 0.026320209726691246, 0.017897794023156166, 0.033944323658943176, 0.037451937794685364, 0.057439710944890976, -0.00288154324516654, 0.0215253084897995, -0.001713541685603559, 0.04282736778259277, -0.02445359155535698, 0.024159017950296402, 0.059620801359415054, 0.034471798688173294, -0.0027374415658414364, 0.02438197284936905, 0.036786288022994995, 0.03349955752491951, -0.013452230952680111, 0.09054688364267349, -0.011467158794403076, 0.04461294040083885, 0.026834627613425255, -0.005632258020341396, -0.018852366134524345, 0.047692809253931046, 0.01719450019299984, -0.0365789495408535, 0.07913006842136383, -0.0033244730439037085, 0.0268038772046566, 0.013848057016730309, -0.011445889249444008, 0.004409986548125744, -0.04800442233681679, 0.017109373584389687, 0.06363686919212341, -0.024696609005331993, -0.010885095223784447, -0.017745647579431534, 0.011067161336541176, -0.04216397553682327, 0.012896566651761532, -0.00009903702448355034, 0.04985661432147026, 0.0026408988051116467, -0.0030622058548033237, -0.010855346918106079, -0.015079776756465435, 0.019454706460237503, 0.045313987880945206, 0.010782536119222641, 0.06914691627025604, 0.01028595119714737, 0.00529845803976059, -0.0036752521991729736, -0.02746332436800003, -0.028155740350484848, -0.006895191036164761, 0.03098266012966633, -0.022167520597577095, -0.0392003133893013, 0.05410371348261833, -0.04035285860300064, 0.003484956920146942, 0.08183292299509048, -0.024500323459506035, 0.03456708788871765, -0.022569913417100906, -0.09164322912693024, -0.04480277746915817, 0.03805666044354439, -0.006068165879696608, -0.016492599621415138, -0.05096382647752762, 0.03219534829258919, 0.022324251011013985, 0.022460252046585083, 0.01780616119503975, 0.07801702618598938, -0.012095065787434578, 0.00272145657800138, 0.009669014252722263, -0.0399080291390419, 0.018155556172132492, -0.01010872796177864, -0.035104744136333466, 0.017046155408024788, -0.06709209829568863, 0.005195022094994783, 0.013639970682561398, -0.0038753366097807884, -0.05487839877605438, 0.030332358554005623, 0.00419830484315753, 0.02396026998758316, -0.010477837175130844, -0.011510536074638367, -0.02055201679468155, 0.09655885398387909, 0.01702786609530449, 0.05656277388334274, 0.01626964658498764, -0.01660509966313839, 0.0027891825884580612, -0.007875547744333744, 0.01107918843626976, 0.04117788374423981, -0.031608372926712036, 0.006927333306521177, -0.0072561572305858135, -0.0003857755218632519, 0.02585258148610592, -0.019585222005844116, 0.02613878808915615, 0.01757366769015789, -0.024374786764383316, 0.022924060001969337, -0.02577037550508976, 0.03831169009208679, -0.024899916723370552, -0.0016538399504497647, -0.015084326267242432, -0.03184129297733307, -0.07206070423126221, -0.02820531278848648, 0.0016554160974919796, -0.01967712678015232, 0.0003145935188513249, -0.008080954663455486, 0.03142036870121956, -0.013202435337007046, -0.008148991502821445, -0.03092975728213787, -0.021311288699507713, 0.03306349366903305, -0.03210217505693436, -0.019141267985105515, 0.09123478829860687, 0.022161148488521576, -0.034094855189323425, 0.033681124448776245, 0.02125835418701172, -0.009829407557845116, -0.026126332581043243, -0.03574862331151962, 0.019437745213508606, 0.006308725103735924, 0.006006794515997171, 0.05224847048521042, 0.04672212898731232, -0.0023031416349112988, 0.022210393100976944, -0.04771965369582176, 0.041026875376701355, 0.06504879146814346, 0.01604158990085125, -0.006004673428833485, -0.026742182672023773, 0.0013837727019563317, 0.007002957630902529, 0.0011230857344344258, -0.0052418760024011135, -0.036618661135435104, 0.011669875122606754, 0.03818672522902489, 0.01345816534012556, -0.044483404606580734, -0.007365002762526274, 0.02359713613986969, 0.02789902500808239, -0.007428530137985945, 0.06789308041334152, -0.02746979147195816, 0.010897856205701828, -0.005839705001562834, 0.0013286785688251257, 0.015846386551856995, 0.009709639474749565, 0.026926735416054726, -0.002460413845255971, 0.016025550663471222, 0.011069996282458305, -0.06095996871590614, 0.048500508069992065, -0.016815219074487686, 0.007687039207667112, -0.022633155807852745, -0.049531251192092896, 0.04158778861165047, -0.022929295897483826, -0.026458771899342537, 0.04495471715927124, 0.021571779623627663, -0.0012309199664741755, -0.0055589331313967705, -0.01869776099920273, 0.039450325071811676, 0.03755712881684303, -0.0006092650000937283, -0.05503922328352928, 0.02179703116416931, 0.00023377849720418453, 0.008846079930663109, -0.004273135215044022, -0.037809696048498154, -0.024266395717859268, 0.00798023771494627, 0.024194952100515366, 0.012832129374146461, -0.026383042335510254, -0.012944145128130913, -0.034485142678022385, 0.0254669189453125, -0.028074974194169044, 0.021010098978877068, -0.014599273912608624, -0.08977431058883667, 0.01792125590145588, -0.0027593844570219517, -0.008857703767716885, 0.04427603259682655, -0.016311710700392723, -0.016819119453430176, 0.034503571689128876, 0.01330219954252243, -0.041030075401067734, -0.020748136565089226, -0.027641044929623604, 0.0348748117685318, -0.049884069710969925, -0.010457824915647507, 0.07859791815280914, 0.026857426390051842, -0.035281892865896225, 0.021932242438197136, -0.09975986927747726, -0.03815697878599167, -0.029536306858062744, -0.01421254500746727, 0.039244309067726135, 0.029322300106287003, 0.0032359478063881397, 0.02131315879523754, -0.0010899238986894488, 0.008521146140992641, -0.06786447763442993, -0.05316954478621483, 0.024808818474411964, -0.005135526414960623, 0.005780484061688185, -0.02195431850850582, -0.008794691413640976, 0.051460448652505875, 0.053584031760692596, -0.0156544279307127, -0.012636467814445496, -0.0004936003824695945, 0.010150698944926262, -0.019850777462124825, 0.040560849010944366, 0.013571846298873425, 0.009019081480801105, -0.00048589875223115087, -0.00991925410926342, 0.03335200995206833, 0.016756311058998108, -0.013919350691139698, 0.011190406046807766, 0.020453277975320816, -0.019273675978183746, -0.010588913224637508, 0.04134126380085945, 0.007111758925020695, -0.026976877823472023, 0.024845819920301437, -0.008261863142251968, 0.013268466107547283, 0.002481064759194851, -0.03731262683868408, 0.024848006665706635, -0.028942396864295006, 0.027041643857955933, -0.03450619801878929, 0.0796249657869339, 0.0018820010591298342, -0.019156230613589287, 0.012658287771046162, -0.022313283756375313, 0.026139186695218086, -0.026032600551843643, 0.04013950005173683, 0.01152977254241705, 0.022883793339133263, -0.04125404730439186, -0.010185487568378448, -0.03183228522539139, -0.009270592592656612, -0.009048240259289742, -0.05286388471722603, -0.028132524341344833, 0.033492591232061386, 0.046402741223573685, 0.03769426420331001, 0.0016419966705143452, -0.031090039759874344, 0.0016685479786247015, -0.056743279099464417, 0.033721864223480225, -0.013134232722222805, 0.06798006594181061, 0.029543640092015266, 0.0517120361328125, 0.006351854652166367, 0.020205330103635788, 0.0038570165634155273, -0.010216095484793186, -0.05915185809135437, 0.04750620946288109, -0.027398502454161644, -0.0346185639500618, -0.04796208068728447, -0.03278901427984238, 0.016030624508857727, -0.025294646620750427, 0.04336635395884514, 0.03428672254085541, -0.008879602886736393, -0.01771056465804577, 0.007951214909553528, -0.015499087981879711, 0.003484723623842001, 0.022392379119992256, 0.014704497531056404, 0.0009282571845687926, -0.013450995087623596, 0.06205315142869949, 0.03315628319978714, -0.019616832956671715, -0.0031725498847663403, -0.010639412328600883, 0.011487223207950592, 0.01585678942501545, 0.032575611025094986, 0.024310467764735222, 0.004925399553030729, -0.023987693712115288, 0.035790394991636276, -0.006368614267557859, 0.04436717927455902, 0.0784589946269989, -0.015216887928545475, -0.0006122553604654968, -0.0667206272482872, 0.001906356425024569, 0.011035218834877014, -0.0010671218624338508, 0.014932874590158463, 0.002556500257924199, 0.07598042488098145, 0.01914462260901928, -0.048228051513433456, 0.022294994443655014, 0.06317301094532013, 0.015076438896358013, -0.015565169975161552, -0.04731879010796547, -0.008431265130639076, -0.021585335955023766, -0.006060171872377396, 0.022955376654863358, -0.016772031784057617, 0.002621243242174387, 0.036797039210796356, 0.02938138321042061, -0.043781451880931854, -0.018242182210087776, 0.0077110156416893005, -0.01574053056538105, 0.05186944082379341, -0.0008951801573857665, -0.03344735875725746, -0.012231090106070042, 0.02687998302280903, -0.020735757425427437, 0.018410252407193184, -0.014776916243135929, -0.06715267151594162, 0.018970424309372902, 0.03830673545598984, 0.02431849204003811, -0.062399186193943024, 0.011528379283845425, -0.03449038416147232, 0.014895851723849773, 0.027025656774640083, -0.051836270838975906, 0.024974407628178596, -0.04706714674830437, 0.0027481606230139732, -0.0008685030625201762, -0.018378641456365585, -0.06461171805858612, 0.04015453904867172, -0.004194776993244886, 0.019412238150835037, -0.02450077421963215, -0.025519492104649544, -0.033376604318618774, -0.020783035084605217, 0.04723069444298744, 0.04138357192277908, -0.053427133709192276, -0.00906472746282816, 0.029453309252858162, 0.009444682858884335, 0.006607818882912397, -0.06270649284124374, -0.014086275361478329, -0.037069790065288544, 0.021227572113275528, 0.03593749180436134, -0.05966055765748024, -0.0548354834318161, 0.02542206458747387, -0.00044167888700030744, 0.009495584294199944, 0.030427107587456703, -0.016832012683153152, 0.038408175110816956, 0.029744422063231468, 0.00794241763651371, 0.042901668697595596, 0.03047579526901245, 0.004973012022674084, -0.0009857267141342163, -0.03730296716094017, 0.006620822940021753, -0.004050866700708866, -0.020203396677970886, -0.06488259881734848, -0.019615313038229942, -0.030070574954152107, 0.03989917412400246, -0.03283941373229027, 0.017226126044988632, -0.026379045099020004, -0.011748678982257843, -0.02967061661183834, 0.014940176159143448, 0.021312875673174858, -0.03450498729944229, -0.0008396577904932201, -0.010968777351081371, 0.026361431926488876, 0.0044801076874136925, 0.02217775210738182, 0.007584525737911463, -0.008485891856253147, 0.03729522228240967, -0.018086690455675125, -0.010387451387941837, -0.013238787651062012, -0.03422432765364647, 0.010719426907598972, -0.013138250447809696, 0.03543514013290405, 0.010912464000284672, 0.022014833986759186, 0.028561146929860115, -0.043915826827287674, -0.008158602751791477, 0.00700699957087636, -0.0012034790124744177, 0.011586545966565609, -0.028407247737050056, 0.05196590721607208, -0.002611965173855424, -0.006591884419322014, -0.06423842906951904, -0.07162535190582275, 0.031705837696790695, -0.005598054733127356, -0.047424159944057465, -0.016686178743839264, 0.0056722527369856834, -0.015227915719151497, 0.003658109111711383, 0.011601637117564678, 0.024675315245985985, -0.03455881401896477, 0.00581369549036026, -0.007596858311444521, -0.007695849519222975, 0.09908269345760345, 0.046573713421821594, -0.006551594939082861, 0.04166469722986221, -0.02535863406956196, -0.00927001517266035, -0.03605275601148605, 0.027913548052310944, -0.03536698967218399, 0.014032991603016853, -0.010875697247684002, 0.029655106365680695, 0.052740275859832764, -0.017616834491491318, -0.05155731737613678, -0.0061684963293373585, 0.015479971654713154, 0.005447679199278355, -0.042578842490911484, -0.02031189575791359, -0.0216860119253397, -0.0048574949614703655, -0.04865337163209915, -0.0339142307639122, -0.004343200940638781, -0.022588718682527542, 0.007563332095742226, 0.03422827646136284, 0.009019117802381516, 0.029923098161816597, 0.04996057227253914, -0.009062322787940502, -0.0036026164889335632, -0.01800859160721302, -0.02722219191491604, 0.027796251699328423, -0.008641150780022144, -0.03373057395219803, 0.038520604372024536, -0.017315272241830826, -0.014916175045073032, -0.007780092768371105, -0.041039030998945236, 0.009425811469554901, 0.03543765842914581, 0.015765536576509476, 0.034001316875219345, 0.014661471359431744, -0.01575421541929245, -0.004190836101770401, -0.009481703862547874, -0.026169316843152046, -0.02101491577923298, 0.05563046783208847, 0.04576539993286133, 0.0030654093716293573, 0.03365898132324219, 0.037569306790828705, 0.015333776362240314, 0.025676177814602852, 0.06280127912759781, 0.015911845490336418, -0.017753757536411285, 0.0034092592541128397, -0.009625866077840328, -0.010687862522900105, 0.03865767642855644, -0.0236747357994318, 0.016909802332520485, -0.02173529379069805, -0.04091525450348854, 0.06626268476247787, -0.0027116674464195967, -0.02036425471305847, -0.048109084367752075, 0.014690936543047428, -0.051064472645521164, -0.034558020532131195, 0.00023261723981704563, -0.01070170383900404, 0.0338074266910553, -0.0037259047385305166, 0.00895238108932972, 0.002171434462070465, 0.04116334021091461, -0.03590850159525871, -0.08259677141904831, -0.01597105711698532, -0.005014332011342049, -0.05223988741636276, 0.002205997472628951, 0.01374850608408451, -0.012613866478204727, -0.015050893649458885, -0.06400007009506226, 0.014325723983347416, 0.02343849092721939, 0.0272465068846941, -0.013907327316701412, 0.10449671745300293, 0.021919894963502884, 0.03986871987581253, -0.04045766592025757, -0.01000717282295227, 0.12742005288600922, 0.05332822725176811, 0.07160479575395584, -0.06279509514570236, 0.02093617618083954, -0.012264060787856579, 0.011810223571956158, -0.0392066054046154, -0.009035006165504456, -0.013339363038539886, -0.001125223352573812, 0.06071757897734642, 0.04008546844124794, -0.0011767263058573008, 0.008096308447420597, 0.018131904304027557, -0.038592733442783356, -0.018799448385834694, 0.005177044775336981, -0.008782127872109413, -0.017717285081744194, -0.031191520392894745, -0.07023594528436661, 0.023259595036506653, 0.006481498945504427, -0.013268601149320602, -0.052121102809906006, -0.002051583956927061, -0.03526005893945694, 0.02113744057714939, 0.02137625776231289, -0.0313740000128746, 0.02252357080578804, -0.01725655607879162, 0.005647218320518732, -0.045522961765527725, 0.018925238400697708, -0.022069483995437622, 0.02162769064307213, 0.024211028590798378, 0.014601931907236576, -0.010210325010120869, 0.021051326766610146, 0.016789846122264862, -0.04995275288820267, -0.043022360652685165, -0.024546660482883453, 0.014710992574691772, -0.023005416616797447, 0.015351717360317707, -0.04258778691291809, -0.0005159865831956267, 0.010026604868471622, -0.04153284430503845, 0.011559050530195236, -0.015947537496685982, 0.016043705865740776, -0.021000513806939125, -0.024757303297519684, -0.04104361683130264, -0.020373404026031494, -0.03031124733388424, 0.03793071210384369, 0.014917505905032158, 0.004102165810763836, -0.017951564863324165, -0.01442656945437193, 0.041951730847358704, 0.00705035962164402, -0.006967442110180855, -0.00968917179852724, -0.0038110793102532625, -0.03625719994306564, 0.008189933374524117, 0.046640217304229736, -0.013226734474301338, 0.027026895433664322, -0.0017045525601133704, -0.047681380063295364, 0.00402841717004776, -0.00006792955537093803, 0.04146905243396759, 0.001059404923580587, -0.018220746889710426, -0.003696437692269683, 0.01567382924258709, 0.00043207238195464015, 0.03453461080789566, 0.0047988188453018665, 0.032318539917469025, -0.007292380556464195, 0.05419168621301651, -0.00790706742554903, -0.04926297813653946, 0.018073812127113342, 0.0020759645849466324, -0.017356589436531067, -0.012167220003902912, -0.031816620379686356, 0.07444527000188828, 0.03368443623185158, 0.030910486355423927, -0.002646354027092457, -0.0053223613649606705, -0.015273194760084152, 0.0015787655720487237, 0.017276514321565628, -0.03658602014183998, 0.005500028375536203, -0.0016882281051948667, -0.030863648280501366, -0.035317033529281616, -0.03592739254236221, -0.0037769663613289595, -0.0007849439862184227, 0.010147406719624996, -0.014289136044681072, -0.060342974960803986, -0.015789920464158058, -0.029851112514734268, 0.00534943537786603, 0.018145311623811722, 0.010231988504529, -0.012546264566481113, -0.006139639765024185, -0.0044952500611543655, -0.0037002607714384794, -0.017861831933259964, 0.0430888757109642, 0.010205511003732681, -0.02100067213177681, 0.005753823556005955, 0.0027837089728564024, 0.028825892135500908, 0.023438498377799988, 0.019128402695059776, -0.005789703689515591, 0.021173298358917236, -0.01898113638162613, -0.029669243842363358, 0.039172131568193436, -0.07031523436307907, -0.031244516372680664, -0.007941542193293571, 0.02529183216392994, 0.03914841637015343, 0.02887132577598095, 0.0028978984337300062, -0.018755413591861725, 0.03900720179080963, -0.027818933129310608, -0.046365126967430115, 0.005374561529606581, -0.005708014126867056, 0.05588072910904884, -0.0077460575848817825, -0.006115873344242573, 0.00614016130566597, -0.003605751320719719, 0.009956837631762028, 0.03439859673380852, -0.02680312655866146, -0.014694049023091793, -0.010909195058047771, -0.011247141286730766, 0.017511801794171333, -0.002333535347133875, 0.0032082635443657637, 0.023498855531215668, 0.03357061371207237, -0.02241460792720318, 0.04805387929081917, -0.06641393899917603, -0.0069224219769239426, -0.08097577095031738, -0.02007039450109005, 0.010071570985019207, -0.012596236541867256, 0.023339489474892616, -0.06346969306468964, -0.04190388694405556, 0.004006868693977594, -0.03273041173815727, 0.027116255834698677, -0.006152356509119272, -0.006598635111004114, -0.04723801836371422, 0.044632524251937866, -0.014080630615353584, 0.03100331500172615, 0.02430109679698944, 0.010435132309794426, 0.08219742029905319, 0.009752648882567883, -0.014981669373810291, -0.02036212384700775, -0.043786533176898956, 0.022218316793441772, 0.013033458031713963, -0.03786960989236832, 0.026553357020020485, -0.0012652899604290724, 0.005181261338293552, 0.02393469773232937, -0.0029596106614917517, 0.0280900951474905, -0.0005307322135195136, 0.010095684789121151, -0.007406678982079029, 0.03699726238846779, 0.03190965950489044, -0.005810827482491732, 0.019341059029102325, 0.030878229066729546, 0.01745164953172207, 0.013430491089820862, -0.0018791435286402702, 0.004059579223394394, 0.02433810941874981, -0.022795680910348892, -0.006059490144252777, 0.03990749642252922, -0.0015048030763864517, -0.026454664766788483, -0.007922908291220665, -0.004816296044737101, 0.06533200293779373, -0.01807078719139099, 0.004123174585402012, -0.025634095072746277, -0.008892752230167389, 0.018836062401533127, -0.015621960163116455, -0.025530166923999786, 0.03282575681805611, -0.02670425921678543, -0.034377358853816986, -0.014217675663530827, -0.006503238342702389, -0.026745043694972992, -0.044095493853092194, 0.007169879972934723, -0.00826628040522337, 0.0570477619767189, -0.00047702057054266334, -0.018070969730615616, -0.015531962737441063, 0.004143258091062307, 0.00793379731476307, 0.0335417166352272, 0.026238426566123962, 0.013009654358029366, 0.026664452627301216, -0.07315625995397568, 0.05777761712670326, -0.02914552018046379, -0.01543422695249319, -0.05997064709663391, -0.031066443771123886, -0.02326638251543045, 0.02920990064740181, 0.04438651725649834, 0.03455888852477074, -0.01220089290291071, -0.02167270891368389, 0.03826643154025078, 0.02444002777338028, -0.08887623995542526, -0.004658572841435671, -0.013747134245932102, -0.015970105305314064, -0.028513256460428238, -0.004341670777648687, -0.009946335107088089, -0.010323978960514069, 0.0005448595620691776, -0.002189540769904852, -0.00038625317392870784, -0.0040707639418542385, -0.028675327077507973, 0.02788323536515236, 0.011311203241348267, -0.011652643792331219, 0.05894021689891815, -0.00237716780975461, 0.002722027013078332, -0.003526936750859022, 0.010235466063022614, -0.015087210573256016, 0.02453860081732273, -0.05264506861567497, -0.023278288543224335, 0.00863217655569315, -0.007685589138418436, 0.04998120665550232, -0.05292817950248718, -0.03462742641568184, 0.022136444225907326, -0.024771953001618385, -0.0065899500623345375, 0.027988437563180923, 0.023647580295801163, 0.04409105330705643, -0.029956476762890816, -0.01341249793767929, -0.017676403746008873, 0.020210253074765205, 0.0009391620405949652, 0.004268016666173935, 0.015093488618731499, -0.02284429967403412, 0.019809480756521225, -0.00546407513320446, -0.03843189775943756, 0.013917765580117702, -0.02047286368906498, 0.03977334871888161, -0.019592756405472755, -0.01657291129231453, 0.010962219908833504, -0.0019504106603562832, 0.006645136512815952, 0.01736707054078579, -0.03912625089287758, 0.04690388962626457, -0.027205927297472954, 0.0423356257379055, -0.007118639536201954, -0.021932747215032578, -0.02284845896065235, -0.00333041581325233, -0.0029714906122535467, 0.014166895300149918, 0.0036298916675150394, 0.00925871916115284, 0.036797333508729935, 0.04183286800980568, 0.061944082379341125, -0.032162416726350784, 0.03326253592967987, -0.0017033587209880352, -0.00681597925722599, -0.0230226069688797, -0.027310170233249664, -0.03225266933441162, -0.01982126198709011, 0.01298481971025467, 0.01188611052930355, 0.04218105599284172, -0.028903815895318985, -0.01585409976541996, 0.025302568450570107, 0.07793738692998886, -0.06265410035848618, -0.026079246774315834, -0.06834165006875992, 0.030749714002013206, -0.035989176481962204, 0.0016115270555019379 ]
<p>I have two spectra of the same astronomical object. The essential question is this: How can I calculate the relative shift between these spectra and get <strong>an accurate error estimate</strong> on that shift?</p> <p>Some more details if you are still with me. Each spectrum will be an array with an x value (wavelength), y value (flux), and error. <strong>The wavelength shift is going to be sub-pixel.</strong> Assume that the pixels are regularly spaced and that there is only going to be a single shift applied to the entire spectrum. So the end answer will be something like: 0.35 +/- 0.25 pixels. </p> <p>The two spectra are going to be a lot of featureless continuum punctuated by some rather complicated absorption features (dips) that do not model easily. I'd like to discover a method that directly compares the two spectra. </p> <p>Everyone's first instinct is to do a cross-correlation, but with subpixel shifts, you're going to have to interpolate between the spectra (by smoothing first?) -- also, errors seem nasty to get right.</p> <p>My current approach is to smooth the data by convolving with a gaussian kernel, then to spline the smoothed result, and compare the two splined spectra -- but I don't trust it (especially the errors).</p> <p>Does anyone know of a way to do this properly?</p> <p>Here is a short python program that will produce two toy spectra that are shifted by 0.4 pixels (written out in toy1.ascii and toy2.ascii) that you can play with. Even though this toy model uses a simple gaussian feature, assume that the actual data cannot be fit with a simple model. </p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import random as ra import scipy.signal as ss arraysize = 1000 fluxlevel = 100.0 noise = 2.0 signal_std = 15.0 signal_depth = 40.0 gaussian = lambda x: np.exp(-(mu-x)**2/ (2 * signal_std)) mu = 500.1 np.savetxt('toy1.ascii', zip(np.arange(arraysize), np.array([ra.normalvariate(fluxlevel, noise) for x in range(arraysize)] - gaussian(np.arange(arraysize)) * signal_depth), np.ones(arraysize) * noise)) mu = 500.5 np.savetxt('toy2.ascii', zip(np.arange(arraysize), np.array([ra.normalvariate(fluxlevel, noise) for x in range(arraysize)] - gaussian(np.arange(arraysize)) * signal_depth), np.ones(arraysize) * noise)) </code></pre>
74,122
[ 0.0007952556479722261, -0.0006205434910953045, -0.013100936077535152, 0.022579533979296684, 0.023766467347741127, 0.019342483952641487, 0.0021932923700660467, -0.03638182953000069, 0.026636991649866104, -0.03187580779194832, 0.04787568747997284, 0.03602946549654007, 0.01569964550435543, 0.0367547906935215, 0.004921856801956892, -0.0203646719455719, 0.0149783780798316, -0.029481880366802216, -0.022792324423789978, -0.02764279395341873, 0.01833062432706356, -0.005663987249135971, -0.0044242143630981445, 0.011550992727279663, -0.048561930656433105, 0.04384585842490196, 0.026348134502768517, -0.0408070832490921, -0.01180777046829462, 0.03318638727068901, -0.06076119840145111, -0.07122340053319931, 0.0016799544682726264, 0.03270765766501427, 0.02910470962524414, 0.00945682730525732, -0.003464146051555872, -0.03943397477269173, 0.0030786090064793825, 0.047372885048389435, -0.02070165053009987, -0.005556753370910883, 0.013864237815141678, 0.030679039657115936, 0.017615454271435738, 0.028792407363653183, -0.0018958981381729245, -0.005416172090917826, 0.05985385552048683, -0.007844115607440472, 0.0834985300898552, 0.0023518980015069246, 0.05144762247800827, 0.04120565578341484, -0.035759083926677704, 0.016592474654316902, 0.06281234323978424, 0.06070936843752861, -0.019518299028277397, -0.028442585840821266, -0.02967551350593567, 0.00158942851703614, 0.02453446388244629, 0.028157316148281097, -0.010928182862699032, -0.030451951548457146, -0.040750470012426376, -0.007017042022198439, 0.02773958444595337, 0.00478800805285573, 0.02542346715927124, -0.01114737056195736, 0.02614733763039112, -0.03879513964056969, 0.0016655555227771401, -0.01958613097667694, -0.029834959656000137, 0.04358496516942978, 0.024695875123143196, 0.04655095189809799, -0.00045523044536821544, 0.014513849280774593, 0.01619616150856018, 0.0295177660882473, 0.044676292687654495, 0.045595452189445496, 0.05708795413374901, -0.015182413160800934, 0.03427010402083397, 0.03846345096826553, 0.031599242240190506, 0.018852295354008675, 0.06754110008478165, 0.016876429319381714, 0.0010337051935493946, 0.03685637563467026, 0.0032338714227080345, 0.014149250462651253, -0.026166722178459167, -0.010267125442624092, -0.01726638525724411, -0.010425494983792305, 0.01446590106934309, 0.07704146206378937, -0.022282671183347702, 0.002331709722056985, -0.004649875219911337, 0.01937648095190525, -0.025976505130529404, 0.004665427841246128, 0.02321518398821354, -0.004731254186481237, 0.013549274764955044, 0.02090323716402054, 0.034568898379802704, -0.018510065972805023, 0.010881824418902397, -0.019878042861819267, 0.06293705850839615, 0.08138757199048996, 0.05154351517558098, -0.022435452789068222, 0.007357778027653694, -0.008285339921712875, -0.04746679216623306, 0.026779932901263237, 0.039651818573474884, 0.012414063327014446, -0.0466545931994915, 0.013913948088884354, 0.007463956251740456, 0.008799389004707336, 0.03418869525194168, -0.027681764215230942, 0.012637129053473473, 0.011282154358923435, -0.08062182366847992, -0.08477408438920975, 0.017093587666749954, -0.008044700138270855, 0.037325143814086914, -0.030406054109334946, -0.014936301857233047, 0.0051117888651788235, 0.1024344339966774, 0.01799849234521389, -0.004734976217150688, -0.01667766086757183, 0.03263092786073685, -0.0491534024477005, -0.008867021650075912, -0.01912602223455906, 0.0023551341146230698, -0.011135801672935486, -0.006248622667044401, -0.06160295009613037, -0.014024805277585983, 0.012425312772393227, -0.022858522832393646, 0.017740482464432716, 0.0469747893512249, -0.0032751974649727345, 0.022817086428403854, 0.00835874117910862, 0.03793426603078842, -0.05475457385182381, 0.05329367518424988, -0.005932131316512823, 0.016643673181533813, 0.02195289172232151, -0.04035511985421181, -0.02367149293422699, -0.026819700375199318, -0.009162042289972305, 0.04738232493400574, -0.05175860971212387, 0.0029999196995049715, -0.024089936167001724, 0.015827970579266548, 0.007725604344159365, -0.023544656112790108, -0.04925667494535446, -0.024255158379673958, -0.0016234192298725247, 0.04141879826784134, 0.015039208345115185, 0.016912728548049927, -0.04157574847340584, 0.011476953513920307, -0.060464922338724136, -0.02705613523721695, -0.030907392501831055, 0.007104264572262764, 0.01892775483429432, -0.02019628696143627, 0.02473166398704052, -0.015580365434288979, 0.008302813395857811, 0.016934750601649284, -0.06091734394431114, 0.012443408370018005, -0.005769073963165283, 0.010647086426615715, -0.023301435634493828, 0.02471086010336876, 0.07265736907720566, 0.011741851456463337, -0.005527060478925705, 0.04274677485227585, -0.011952171102166176, -0.032544203102588654, 0.03294229879975319, -0.011409708298742771, -0.03535124659538269, -0.007182150613516569, -0.031696680933237076, 0.03715949505567551, 0.0077906218357384205, 0.019172266125679016, 0.005050781648606062, -0.045628622174263, 0.08105336874723434, 0.024739373475313187, 0.035460539162158966, -0.025548575446009636, 0.009749142453074455, 0.005587711464613676, 0.05608699098229408, -0.00800161249935627, -0.060606442391872406, -0.03263815864920616, -0.02286270447075367, 0.03300410509109497, 0.03923656791448593, -0.014519443735480309, -0.019979802891612053, 0.07861322909593582, 0.005605747457593679, 0.07685434073209763, -0.003081181552261114, -0.02854648232460022, -0.04604923352599144, -0.0066532869823277, 0.011437933892011642, -0.013391614891588688, 0.025312067940831184, -0.009621923789381981, 0.006868947297334671, 0.033293720334768295, -0.015062958002090454, 0.0010707373730838299, 0.011497274972498417, 0.004304531030356884, 0.013690734282135963, 0.012716488912701607, -0.04094365984201431, 0.028811220079660416, -0.009145236574113369, 0.008775447495281696, 0.03926197811961174, -0.014403796754777431, -0.0040160007774829865, 0.011562354862689972, 0.0010229676263406873, 0.03658027574419975, 0.019411979243159294, -0.03609725460410118, 0.014863264746963978, 0.022734904661774635, -0.0707479864358902, 0.030312420800328255, -0.005520755425095558, -0.0232495479285717, -0.04071374237537384, -0.01084383949637413, 0.039324089884757996, 0.012133847922086716, 0.008351699449121952, -0.03151169419288635, -0.010611805133521557, 0.01085548847913742, 0.019475795328617096, 0.023923758417367935, 0.024431968107819557, -0.036848172545433044, 0.044026266783475876, -0.0038692185189574957, -0.013615473173558712, 0.015674035996198654, -0.0037904854398220778, 0.00644710985943675, -0.0073873791843652725, 0.002553848549723625, -0.037515994161367416, -0.012697557918727398, -0.022080866619944572, 0.011661138385534286, -0.011045310646295547, -0.011619340628385544, 0.05198369920253754, -0.008833632804453373, -0.07802923023700714, 0.028976084664463997, -0.004135462921112776, 0.009141352958977222, -0.03477064520120621, 0.004581811837852001, -0.020664172247052193, 0.0033990892115980387, 0.018059657886624336, 0.004425677005201578, -0.030142880976200104, 0.009102454409003258, -0.038025934249162674, -0.0306230615824461, -0.0051396433264017105, -0.012337245047092438, 0.02995324693620205, -0.01618792489171028, 0.02035420387983322, 0.06658004224300385, 0.029351480305194855, 0.008090605959296227, -0.027179522439837456, 0.036500509828329086, -0.052106764167547226, -0.01336744800209999, 0.018662218004465103, -0.017399054020643234, -0.0011295147705823183, 0.010280545800924301, 0.0019178527873009443, 0.02858339622616768, 0.05564359575510025, 0.022762225940823555, -0.007875627838075161, 0.004784705117344856, 0.009407712146639824, -0.0028278743848204613, 0.051627807319164276, -0.008628910407423973, -0.030144497752189636, 0.010360892862081528, -0.024245867505669594, -0.012964116409420967, 0.011607006192207336, -0.00013752425729762763, 0.020531104877591133, -0.010355988517403603, 0.010751616209745407, -0.032369811087846756, 0.022443370893597603, 0.02116810716688633, -0.013241124339401722, -0.0324108824133873, 0.04406620189547539, 0.05247282236814499, 0.005138545762747526, 0.008795195259153843, 0.06711189448833466, 0.042106255888938904, 0.018820002675056458, 0.011178439483046532, -0.03291546553373337, -0.04582822322845459, 0.009632700122892857, -0.08707056939601898, -0.03295518830418587, 0.06444138288497925, 0.04668836295604706, 0.03250479698181152, -0.03264172002673149, -0.04666195809841156, -0.0017433286411687732, -0.06969284266233444, -0.030246565118432045, -0.025158120319247246, 0.04411434382200241, 0.034086525440216064, 0.037988197058439255, 0.03332505375146866, -0.013531371019780636, 0.0032045748084783554, 0.017579473555088043, -0.0789361372590065, 0.03701283037662506, 0.01933623105287552, -0.010920279659330845, 0.00651762867346406, -0.012280073016881943, -0.021750694140791893, -0.028097696602344513, 0.01504253875464201, -0.020628556609153748, 0.024637317284941673, -0.03428937867283821, 0.003106470685452223, -0.021275021135807037, -0.06220107153058052, -0.020778795704245567, 0.045784421265125275, 0.06389711052179337, 0.00018822938727680594, 0.013312052935361862, -0.048655569553375244, 0.007334774360060692, 0.006471793167293072, -0.03371001407504082, 0.03205275163054466, -0.014931881800293922, 0.05274321511387825, 0.01756206899881363, 0.030934365466237068, -0.03580785542726517, 0.007478490471839905, 0.022044073790311813, 0.026393184438347816, 0.03322279453277588, -0.04495813697576523, 0.010567458346486092, 0.007324945647269487, -0.015395374968647957, 0.003976770211011171, 0.07685476541519165, -0.02186473086476326, -0.020393487066030502, -0.012050817720592022, 0.026333868503570557, -0.06524934619665146, 0.01912851072847843, 0.05239573493599892, 0.009939485229551792, -0.001111260731704533, -0.02625874988734722, -0.024475466459989548, 0.001273003057576716, 0.014959018677473068, 0.03254273533821106, 0.021107183769345284, -0.0161321721971035, -0.005754964426159859, 0.01726272515952587, 0.0045797866769135, -0.06039770320057869, 0.016520163044333458, 0.0009598408360034227, 0.026508312672376633, -0.015600464306771755, -0.01524839922785759, -0.02185279317200184, 0.053245242685079575, 0.023884350433945656, 0.005241916049271822, 0.020440082997083664, -0.09747911989688873, -0.04411397501826286, 0.021654518321156502, 0.00730268657207489, 0.016572995111346245, -0.05061465501785278, -0.04992958530783653, -0.03815769776701927, 0.018734727054834366, -0.013731928542256355, 0.02654314786195755, 0.0072870939038693905, 0.030084609985351562, 0.024128271266818047, -0.011275891214609146, -0.0446658618748188, 0.03960956260561943, -0.006023659836500883, 0.027009882032871246, -0.017330465838313103, -0.05313042923808098, -0.03236432746052742, 0.0267503559589386, 0.012321139685809612, 0.07076115161180496, -0.027536744251847267, -0.026318389922380447, 0.00845634937286377, -0.015313477255403996, 0.0261218324303627, -0.050086624920368195, 0.007635458838194609, -0.024431446567177773, -0.007821099832654, 0.05295199900865555, -0.0009140892652794719, -0.014413267374038696, 0.007724933326244354, 0.034499552100896835, -0.011731975711882114, 0.016301576048135757, 0.00512818805873394, 0.043011121451854706, 0.060182176530361176, 0.03732691705226898, 0.07804133743047714, 0.03352363035082817, 0.004376223310828209, 0.013907342217862606, -0.006881821900606155, 0.02609674632549286, -0.06152030825614929, -0.011849232017993927, -0.034051865339279175, -0.01515919528901577, -0.06556408107280731, -0.007854835130274296, 0.015103047713637352, 0.04778817668557167, 0.023898769170045853, -0.007265458349138498, 0.008578076958656311, 0.042063575237989426, -0.043998152017593384, -0.0036211807746440172, 0.009560743346810341, 0.023551566526293755, 0.005127335898578167, -0.007936582900583744, 0.008065472356975079, -0.007568176835775375, -0.04627196490764618, 0.008425283245742321, -0.045579783618450165, 0.030556511133909225, -0.06339878588914871, -0.0054788365960121155, 0.011679996736347675, -0.024432659149169922, 0.004862070549279451, -0.03311288729310036, 0.08179836720228195, -0.0021509474609047174, -0.05494369566440582, 0.008524028584361076, 0.028826091438531876, -0.0354459248483181, -0.004762979224324226, -0.013653218746185303, 0.033071137964725494, -0.0018171649426221848, 0.005647240672260523, -0.07735040038824081, 0.0027658294420689344, 0.02305186539888382, 0.03482337296009064, -0.032546233385801315, -0.029861435294151306, 0.00035437900805845857, -0.016118191182613373, 0.0042001428082585335, -0.005651749204844236, 0.014207529835402966, -0.030264046043157578, -0.011920017190277576, 0.026003943756222725, -0.008307264186441898, 0.04184401407837868, -0.04750390350818634, 0.032811958342790604, 0.007276868913322687, -0.005746545270085335, -0.025919005274772644, 0.005733043886721134, 0.00005250348840490915, -0.04812135174870491, -0.01694461517035961, -0.04126349464058876, 0.00023583108850289136, 0.04145897924900055, -0.020256785675883293, 0.010708218440413475, 0.03415749594569206, 0.029577316716313362, 0.03763364255428314, -0.024764075875282288, 0.021695833653211594, -0.05569106712937355, 0.0018644188530743122, -0.0337141752243042, -0.012130014598369598, 0.014367555268108845, -0.022020163014531136, 0.00899753998965025, 0.017868105322122574, -0.018682103604078293, 0.03842147812247276, 0.06234854832291603, -0.00975599605590105, -0.026249535381793976, -0.0033581482712179422, 0.018500931560993195, 0.015065047889947891, -0.02925288677215576, 0.04198991507291794, 0.0327790342271328, 0.006503789685666561, -0.04040979593992233, -0.015847401693463326, -0.02511153742671013, -0.043226663023233414, 0.04786131531000137, 0.011694243177771568, 0.049049779772758484, 0.024517612531781197, -0.03450467810034752, -0.007947941310703754, -0.03241176903247833, -0.042653266340494156, 0.017851218581199646, -0.018189536407589912, 0.01269938237965107, -0.023168036714196205, 0.014639215543866158, 0.006691752467304468, 0.0025149655994027853, 0.038827117532491684, 0.07598930597305298, -0.008570335805416107, 0.024683596566319466, 0.02909310720860958, -0.01944996602833271, -0.0425933413207531, 0.028685832396149635, -0.020191462710499763, -0.00040282824193127453, -0.02452438697218895, 0.02017480880022049, 0.012900189496576786, 0.04210918769240379, 0.0053173513151705265, -0.05470757186412811, -0.012698110193014145, -0.08897319436073303, 0.008816529996693134, 0.020765770226716995, -0.002619365928694606, 0.03476301580667496, 0.0344698391854763, -0.0115666463971138, -0.020998621359467506, 0.029243754222989082, -0.07225225865840912, -0.0714593380689621, -0.03134849667549133, -0.03220066800713539, -0.03163078427314758, 0.07699289172887802, 0.010834737680852413, -0.0654420405626297, 0.034843336790800095, 0.0031821278389543295, 0.014729968272149563, 0.03561015427112579, -0.021143348887562752, 0.0008140795398503542, 0.03192862868309021, -0.03407837450504303, 0.02446823939681053, -0.043488699942827225, -0.021227119490504265, 0.14014095067977905, 0.05966147780418396, 0.050240807235240936, -0.03457153961062431, 0.02101350948214531, -0.036419499665498734, -0.026866022497415543, -0.022905433550477028, 0.023049993440508842, 0.006300649605691433, -0.018350020051002502, -0.011277287267148495, 0.028373096138238907, 0.0446183979511261, -0.032373812049627304, 0.0075412108562886715, 0.02113952301442623, 0.02978879027068615, -0.004238991066813469, 0.02778738923370838, 0.022238878533244133, 0.012037720531225204, -0.06003743037581444, 0.003504638560116291, -0.04751523211598396, -0.031445082277059555, -0.047627683728933334, -0.008634227328002453, 0.0038168153259903193, -0.003448460716754198, -0.0607108399271965, 0.018368182703852654, -0.0013860452454537153, -0.028934886679053307, 0.0067568509839475155, 0.018974270671606064, 0.04310305044054985, -0.01549605280160904, 0.013504212722182274, -0.008611498400568962, 0.03883308172225952, 0.004799239337444305, -0.03525768592953682, 0.01989416405558586, -0.021449962630867958, -0.02954944223165512, -0.0831192210316658, 0.05450280383229256, 0.01031540147960186, -0.06712711602449417, -0.0017077254597097635, -0.007320570759475231, 0.005161353852599859, -0.044430263340473175, -0.011811040341854095, 0.003969106823205948, 0.006292096339166164, -0.025842079892754555, -0.008435225114226341, 0.008528800681233406, 0.043652139604091644, 0.022534862160682678, 0.024983767420053482, 0.03070170246064663, 0.009747259318828583, -0.04571456462144852, -0.020986441522836685, 0.08923254907131195, 0.0020981726702302694, -0.005382853094488382, 0.03141971677541733, -0.017503345385193825, -0.013625163584947586, -0.02439224347472191, 0.0005676147411577404, 0.012229777872562408, 0.012329769320786, -0.005175709258764982, -0.06354553997516632, -0.017750317230820656, -0.05579115450382233, 0.037466101348400116, 0.007236155681312084, -0.011799507774412632, -0.011755118146538734, -0.02007884718477726, 0.039170607924461365, -0.00968803558498621, 0.014312022365629673, 0.017934799194335938, 0.012173366732895374, 0.046101588755846024, 0.02700727805495262, -0.05649576708674431, -0.04086006060242653, -0.01862143538892269, -0.00774772185832262, -0.016975348815321922, -0.026533637195825577, 0.032864756882190704, 0.004685777239501476, -0.02557428739964962, 0.004817052744328976, 0.03755658119916916, -0.04051697254180908, -0.024580279365181923, -0.027104943990707397, -0.02167350798845291, -0.023804720491170883, -0.019627904519438744, -0.010492563247680664, -0.014310228638350964, 0.03405703604221344, -0.051094695925712585, -0.0178315918892622, -0.001084094401448965, -0.01146767195314169, -0.024563301354646683, 0.017120864242315292, 0.023623302578926086, 0.013508849777281284, 0.013432949781417847, 0.004105587489902973, 0.007900146767497063, 0.03790304809808731, 0.0004361748287919909, -0.024894390255212784, -0.010189276188611984, -0.0011728655081242323, -0.032927561551332474, -0.039300911128520966, 0.03703665733337402, -0.02310876175761223, 0.00609076302498579, -0.00018510427617002279, 0.021472971886396408, -0.008128220215439796, 0.029301131144165993, -0.01997647061944008, -0.014689311385154724, -0.025253042578697205, -0.016062570735812187, -0.03564368560910225, 0.05122038349509239, -0.045539308339357376, 0.015497886575758457, 0.006412187125533819, -0.010090735740959644, -0.010123681277036667, 0.06257737427949905, -0.02786955237388611, -0.05139265954494476, 0.010335296392440796, 0.01034809835255146, 0.015151775442063808, -0.02016754448413849, 0.007380850613117218, 0.009813419543206692, -0.002036572201177478, 0.020526334643363953, 0.007531547918915749, -0.030426692217588425, 0.013681625947356224, -0.011050945147871971, -0.05024981498718262, 0.017831994220614433, -0.004103383515030146, -0.018259836360812187, 0.04350527375936508, 0.046841397881507874, -0.008646220900118351, 0.004880263935774565, 0.029026729986071587, 0.010719247162342072, -0.07430120557546616, -0.016716232523322105, 0.030103377997875214, 0.01403641328215599, 0.06690938770771027, -0.06497108191251755, 0.05022662132978439, 0.05517202615737915, -0.03651173412799835, -0.0066625941544771194, -0.024209238588809967, 0.019810518249869347, -0.021898934617638588, 0.028010541573166847, -0.04270806908607483, -0.02606797218322754, 0.02729455754160881, 0.024908149614930153, 0.019930634647607803, 0.036837946623563766, 0.007418228778988123, -0.012223822064697742, -0.04991352558135986, -0.008596428669989109, 0.0010324394097551703, -0.015548858791589737, 0.03892466425895691, -0.02571391873061657, 0.0057512447237968445, 0.007932416163384914, -0.01645475998520851, 0.02003743126988411, -0.015518591739237309, 0.033486753702163696, -0.012522761709988117, -0.01465508621186018, -0.010583757422864437, -0.0032229963690042496, 0.00605711480602622, -0.027703912928700447, -0.0008179023279808462, 0.008022618480026722, -0.04991241544485092, 0.0048661138862371445, 0.028641020879149437, -0.01642041653394699, 0.018240520730614662, 0.03337561711668968, -0.004239280242472887, -0.0022959457710385323, 0.01336935255676508, -0.010208507999777794, 0.03585154190659523, -0.015917735174298286, -0.030729543417692184, -0.03196992352604866, 0.037311069667339325, 0.0097363805398345, 0.013498354703187943, -0.04375995695590973, -0.02008623071014881, -0.037971869111061096, -0.04860098659992218, -0.025821510702371597, -0.0248063076287508, -0.024006668478250504, 0.016523903235793114, -0.003334511537104845, 0.016483619809150696, 0.010477914474904537, 0.004583726637065411, -0.02951483428478241, -0.037189796566963196, 0.07173802703619003, -0.013225780799984932, -0.01229877769947052, -0.024256380274891853, -0.022896360605955124, -0.022786715999245644, -0.08153650909662247, 0.010733469389379025, 0.00729739386588335, -0.04171425849199295, -0.042149391025304794, -0.011823765933513641, -0.0006962383049540222, 0.02626626379787922, 0.037202104926109314, 0.021548833698034286, -0.009122924879193306, 0.0124619510024786, -0.001422882080078125, 0.017786504700779915, -0.01984717696905136, -0.0025876329746097326, -0.00956050120294094, -0.046278126537799835, 0.045311227440834045, 0.007327192462980747, -0.03825124725699425, 0.025249220430850983, 0.04249432310461998, 0.015363446436822414, 0.01794470101594925, 0.04117754101753235, 0.009740942157804966, 0.04200362786650658, -0.03597842901945114, 0.0030225012451410294, 0.054001402109861374, 0.03321174159646034, -0.03308940678834915, 0.03605138510465622, 0.04051428288221359, -0.03250712901353836, 0.016046825796365738, -0.026116391643881798, -0.017616668716073036, 0.004198126960545778, 0.015725335106253624, 0.011535653844475746, -0.07354985922574997, -0.004426850471645594, 0.0009317812509834766, -0.028735488653182983, -0.0032228450290858746, 0.038235779851675034, -0.025123821571469307, 0.013042202219367027, -0.004349330440163612, 0.04911034554243088, 0.03802790492773056, 0.01591739058494568, 0.037751391530036926, -0.016600968316197395, 0.027811100706458092, 0.042351387441158295, 0.02322028949856758, 0.0018561271717771888, -0.012080828659236431, -0.000978550291620195, -0.039580464363098145, 0.01482685562223196, -0.004098355770111084, -0.0019852053374052048, 0.02165534347295761, -0.007498258259147406, -0.0195617638528347, 0.015315035358071327, -0.026522532105445862, 0.08645287901163101, -0.04422883316874504, -0.00123179133515805, -0.04233027994632721, -0.007803758140653372, -0.032502420246601105, 0.04002169147133827, 0.008927046321332455, 0.0031139336060732603, 0.029682058840990067, 0.007560101803392172, -0.01386837288737297, 0.007906036451458931, 0.0037045783828943968, -0.06501486897468567, 0.0048583983443677425, -0.0000021825162548338994, 0.003575838403776288, -0.0019571215379983187, 0.009230956435203552, 0.011228380724787712, -0.018993258476257324, 0.019654855132102966, 0.019338425248861313, 0.005255611147731543, -0.012006057426333427, -0.0004683167499024421, -0.012497047893702984, 0.06036192551255226, -0.09199237823486328, -0.03605861961841583, 0.01408317033201456, 0.0014647853095084429, 0.009143009781837463, -0.04158157855272293 ]
<p>Random variables are usually denoted with upper-case letters. For example, there could be a random variable $X$. Now, because vectors are usually denoted with a bold lower-case letter (e.g. $\mathbf{z} = (z_0, \dots, z_{n})^{\mathsf{T}}$ and matrices with a bold upper-case letter (e.g. $\mathbf{Y}$), how should I denote a vector of random variables? I think $\mathbf{x} = (X_0, \dots, X_n)^\mathsf{T}$ looks a bit odd. On the other hand if I see $\mathbf{X}$ I would first think it is a matrix. What is the usual way to do this? Of course, I think it would be best to state my notation somewhere in the beginning of paper.</p>
74,123
[ -0.02247990481555462, -0.019164463505148888, -0.02553323097527027, -0.036420028656721115, 0.03067200258374214, 0.04471461847424507, -0.0034738746471703053, 0.004373207222670317, 0.026166880503296852, -0.012755624949932098, 0.041921425610780716, 0.07370287925004959, 0.08525212854146957, 0.00039091682992875576, 0.06459887325763702, -0.0034793841186910868, -0.03761798143386841, -0.019618133082985878, -0.03529005125164986, -0.002957565477117896, 0.03204895928502083, 0.015466762706637383, 0.01705012656748295, 0.029248150065541267, 0.012071910314261913, 0.07326999306678772, -0.01207114290446043, 0.003102115821093321, 0.02156803570687771, 0.029949543997645378, -0.024852514266967773, -0.022671489045023918, 0.029428018257021904, 0.02391302026808262, -0.000907059118617326, -0.03285787254571915, -0.0052615269087255, -0.043425459414720535, -0.009394370950758457, -0.01033763401210308, -0.051862336695194244, 0.021425778046250343, -0.010338831692934036, 0.023799683898687363, -0.02693941257894039, 0.028038932010531425, 0.009391293860971928, -0.005990414880216122, 0.010256276465952396, -0.019449926912784576, 0.058870527893304825, 0.027591241523623466, 0.052110448479652405, 0.05673753470182419, -0.02581954188644886, 0.0157997515052557, 0.05321807414293289, 0.03282587230205536, -0.00035705193295143545, -0.03722642734646797, 0.009425644762814045, -0.03953301161527634, 0.01261044293642044, -0.05580264329910278, -0.036580633372068405, 0.020353181287646294, -0.016132311895489693, -0.036062393337488174, 0.02170298807322979, -0.020039284601807594, -0.003351922146975994, 0.021348340436816216, 0.01980436220765114, -0.0602712444961071, -0.008331095799803734, -0.03570785000920296, 0.04205329343676567, 0.03326670825481415, 0.038531966507434845, 0.00005750081982114352, -0.010187892243266106, -0.0008466760627925396, 0.004374147858470678, -0.00351146562024951, -0.016906341537833214, -0.0298545490950346, 0.05979190394282341, -0.015879537910223007, 0.0599350668489933, 0.01756289042532444, -0.04590613394975662, 0.004939154256135225, 0.06062570959329605, -0.009244763292372227, -0.05737202242016792, 0.012906545773148537, -0.02324557863175869, 0.054788898676633835, -0.009701928123831749, -0.02204219065606594, -0.025029730051755905, -0.038334090262651443, -0.0037977565079927444, 0.07546709477901459, -0.037464022636413574, -0.028062475845217705, -0.035567231476306915, -0.0043000634759664536, -0.03721804916858673, -0.05040924251079559, -0.027092186734080315, 0.05429555103182793, -0.0435490645468235, 0.015026220120489597, 0.006726003251969814, -0.025018278509378433, 0.037236012518405914, 0.03844134509563446, 0.03364240378141403, 0.07074949890375137, 0.04605001211166382, -0.04591896012425423, 0.06326699256896973, -0.022732583805918694, -0.05186499282717705, 0.03724862262606621, 0.03872307389974594, -0.00542741734534502, -0.0667993500828743, 0.029250793159008026, -0.009987317956984043, -0.03251947835087776, 0.0056371684186160564, -0.03686118870973587, -0.0009744651615619659, 0.0023856116458773613, -0.068983294069767, -0.05591459199786186, 0.04219431430101395, -0.01942967064678669, 0.01514254231005907, -0.03487478196620941, 0.004479083698242903, 0.022143715992569923, 0.05082455649971962, 0.00204403861425817, 0.0392206571996212, 0.017789078876376152, 0.02268468588590622, -0.006606689188629389, -0.026440434157848358, -0.027735155075788498, 0.008979243226349354, -0.020958315581083298, 0.008459319360554218, -0.016498178243637085, 0.03196583315730095, -0.0009360988042317331, 0.020614493638277054, -0.02620735578238964, 0.06886406987905502, -0.0278046615421772, 0.011902792379260063, 0.03229637071490288, 0.029304424300789833, -0.05114118009805679, 0.052139442414045334, 0.007174530532211065, 0.08728741109371185, 0.05144301429390907, 0.00531013123691082, 0.016932977363467216, -0.0012427236652001739, 0.05920453742146492, 0.08114399760961533, -0.020331526175141335, -0.026277799159288406, -0.00022972802980802953, -0.018267247825860977, 0.03313951566815376, -0.04483066126704216, -0.03715076670050621, -0.006958921905606985, -0.0012930152006447315, -0.010826301760971546, 0.04899831488728523, 0.018433494493365288, -0.03571080416440964, 0.03644568473100662, -0.03096245415508747, 0.0025568376295268536, -0.059038400650024414, 0.025371350347995758, -0.037198204547166824, -0.005135864485055208, 0.0512995645403862, -0.014541279524564743, 0.03302383795380592, 0.005000991281121969, 0.014048470184206963, -0.026896782219409943, 0.01579572819173336, 0.005705729126930237, -0.045008689165115356, -0.004042725078761578, 0.02924811653792858, 0.040583983063697815, 0.018829019740223885, 0.020532572641968727, -0.004400508478283882, -0.06421461701393127, -0.008128163404762745, 0.0004330346127972007, 0.019311275333166122, 0.01285447459667921, -0.03318973630666733, 0.012197979725897312, 0.019301190972328186, -0.011765423230826855, 0.028751008212566376, -0.047161150723695755, 0.04371744394302368, 0.06172525882720947, 0.011319108307361603, 0.005269036628305912, 0.03174491226673126, 0.0011773149017244577, 0.011912674643099308, 0.006519677583128214, 0.00045766885159537196, -0.05299171060323715, -0.009629571810364723, 0.046282339841127396, 0.009102552197873592, -0.06850256025791168, 0.031508609652519226, 0.054703861474990845, 0.04441409558057785, 0.02010571025311947, 0.04552006721496582, -0.007413213606923819, -0.028182195499539375, -0.00558801693841815, 0.025821546092629433, 0.02112070843577385, 0.01295391097664833, -0.02176266349852085, 0.006705348379909992, 0.05051475390791893, 0.01075869519263506, -0.03589233011007309, 0.0329580157995224, -0.02044587954878807, 0.03731875121593475, -0.013836098834872246, -0.030468914657831192, 0.0621245801448822, -0.027971025556325912, -0.022802410647273064, 0.017307082191109657, 0.01723107136785984, 0.016644909977912903, -0.006246716249734163, -0.03693659231066704, -0.0006040589651092887, 0.03308168798685074, -0.06960223615169525, -0.010023408569395542, 0.01167778205126524, -0.0016710490453988314, 0.02778720110654831, -0.03469877690076828, -0.039372265338897705, -0.021158777177333832, 0.0317375510931015, 0.01714358665049076, -0.014091329649090767, 0.010428360663354397, -0.0035811737179756165, -0.0024086516350507736, -0.0018497874261811376, 0.006014091428369284, 0.04224275052547455, 0.002577835926786065, -0.06723874807357788, 0.014531983062624931, -0.07729080319404602, -0.06954707950353622, 0.03640725463628769, -0.013429501093924046, -0.029307998716831207, -0.017864368855953217, -0.024559341371059418, -0.07956384122371674, -0.012083850800991058, 0.0025899026077240705, 0.026421017944812775, -0.0030539208091795444, -0.03408212959766388, 0.08069315552711487, -0.0107946265488863, 0.002531395060941577, -0.019407043233513832, -0.03679310157895088, -0.04407550394535065, -0.007412274368107319, -0.020686792209744453, 0.019307933747768402, -0.012378397397696972, 0.032155320048332214, 0.05678655207157135, -0.026440348476171494, -0.02346932329237461, -0.07313043624162674, -0.049627915024757385, -0.011354148387908936, -0.006034756079316139, 0.0338447131216526, -0.00311624095775187, 0.012905375100672245, 0.054959144443273544, 0.0030659676995128393, 0.01595047116279602, -0.009733757935464382, -0.008479121141135693, -0.015047390013933182, -0.07964501529932022, 0.012179520912468433, 0.00694972462952137, 0.007028813939541578, 0.02050158381462097, 0.030266808345913887, -0.016692109405994415, 0.06397899985313416, 0.017987016588449478, -0.0020775278098881245, -0.0001342650066362694, -0.011776166036725044, -0.019650401547551155, 0.04571731016039848, -0.005560369696468115, -0.017931507900357246, 0.022761348634958267, -0.011350221931934357, 0.0457833893597126, 0.02428324706852436, -0.029210640117526054, 0.023434370756149292, -0.0272802896797657, 0.014617645181715488, -0.005314853973686695, 0.034052010625600815, 0.037483904510736465, -0.011089693754911423, 0.022987980395555496, 0.03667915612459183, 0.021306311711668968, -0.04653016850352287, 0.017845600843429565, 0.021803749725222588, 0.038633670657873154, -0.057195667177438736, -0.00730114383623004, -0.005543851293623447, -0.024305563420057297, 0.04081457480788231, -0.0021733748726546764, 0.015342876315116882, -0.0038806258235126734, 0.016378583386540413, -0.0012713538017123938, 0.008133302442729473, -0.023601582273840904, 0.02084719017148018, -0.06482274830341339, -0.01392382476478815, 0.02528214454650879, 0.007449746131896973, -0.0052902414463460445, 0.0537240207195282, -0.008155154064297676, -0.0037903974298387766, 0.0161062553524971, 0.01800605282187462, -0.05948164686560631, -0.004901362583041191, -0.0240536667406559, 0.004533213563263416, -0.015965154394507408, 0.01901746727526188, 0.02840823121368885, -0.01165742240846157, 0.01912890560925007, 0.0006831178907305002, -0.020654864609241486, -0.055541981011629105, 0.037450410425662994, -0.03579172119498253, -0.04559136554598808, 0.02428159862756729, 0.0032897370401769876, 0.02853393740952015, -0.041443053632974625, 0.033740974962711334, 0.022527718916535378, 0.005456764716655016, -0.01966787688434124, 0.007849212735891342, -0.002186632715165615, 0.04160955548286438, 0.00745124788954854, -0.001734631136059761, 0.019900135695934296, -0.0005402797251008451, 0.03226339444518089, -0.006089629139751196, 0.05794742330908775, 0.00712380139157176, -0.01708254963159561, -0.008230145089328289, -0.0660608634352684, -0.0010204036952927709, -0.012471220456063747, -0.0041527473367750645, -0.014581413939595222, 0.0011836712947115302, 0.05836276710033417, -0.005237163510173559, 0.011120612733066082, 0.01666729524731636, 0.025954710319638252, 0.010052952915430069, -0.012028778903186321, -0.016076643019914627, 0.04340849444270134, 0.006813601590692997, -0.03202597051858902, 0.0218517929315567, 0.013995274901390076, -0.016788233071565628, 0.0118991918861866, 0.00581017229706049, -0.0480426549911499, -0.013216652907431126, 0.02493157982826233, 0.004275153856724501, 0.016721412539482117, 0.011920139193534851, -0.04639999940991402, 0.02274182252585888, 0.03551715612411499, -0.017880992963910103, 0.03439769521355629, -0.03053501434624195, -0.05752123147249222, -0.011958047747612, 0.046666305512189865, 0.017087670043110847, -0.04490803927183151, -0.006356574594974518, -0.06078901141881943, -0.05018109083175659, 0.051190171390771866, -0.001339879003353417, 0.011022334918379784, -0.03314413130283356, -0.037775516510009766, 0.004747543018311262, -0.007773561868816614, -0.026100236922502518, -0.004529046360403299, 0.03697776794433594, 0.05954569950699806, 0.008221602998673916, 0.034018583595752716, -0.011446403339505196, 0.010049175471067429, 0.00891548115760088, 0.025214312598109245, 0.0037281541153788567, -0.020329738035798073, 0.005707640200853348, 0.01779509149491787, -0.008879655040800571, -0.08454049378633499, 0.022520996630191803, 0.04275186359882355, 0.014461382292211056, 0.04400971904397011, -0.024906644597649574, -0.043024998158216476, 0.03162693604826927, -0.009325633756816387, 0.0021654011216014624, 0.02024689130485058, -0.020750870928168297, 0.04436871409416199, 0.05541311204433441, 0.00047507238923572004, 0.05204510688781738, 0.05078510940074921, 0.03847324848175049, 0.010313806124031544, -0.0156304519623518, 0.01823498122394085, -0.054414331912994385, -0.006344163324683905, -0.06059877574443817, 0.028840312734246254, -0.025963598862290382, 0.07375558465719223, 0.008320973254740238, 0.003343642223626375, -0.03057091124355793, -0.012478413060307503, -0.023054130375385284, 0.033695366233587265, 0.0037837836425751448, -0.026764975860714912, 0.008131738752126694, 0.032407842576503754, -0.04178323224186897, -0.0026670258957892656, -0.002131252083927393, -0.05244770273566246, -0.004438057541847229, 0.02311011031270027, -0.031413085758686066, 0.029943741858005524, -0.016926636919379234, 0.0033311902079731226, 0.036275237798690796, -0.06139214336872101, 0.04660226032137871, 0.007664247415959835, 0.003075510496273637, -0.027549175545573235, -0.053352728486061096, -0.04758502170443535, 0.021099070087075233, 0.036937084048986435, 0.03475914150476456, -0.042783915996551514, 0.019856736063957214, -0.009571759030222893, -0.014346129260957241, -0.06248435750603676, -0.07934079319238663, -0.012879439629614353, 0.012179399840533733, -0.02142212726175785, -0.015410076826810837, 0.05239144712686539, -0.005899620242416859, -0.012764367274940014, -0.0011165715986862779, 0.049268804490566254, -0.018832284957170486, -0.025819722563028336, -0.0031579271890223026, 0.019090497866272926, 0.08644752949476242, -0.0019154436886310577, -0.023865608498454094, 0.007530397269874811, -0.0008612514357082546, 0.0124472351744771, 0.008138712495565414, -0.010726219043135643, -0.016482457518577576, 0.0033421230036765337, -0.03168210759758949, 0.02728649415075779, 0.01704585552215576, -0.011517532169818878, 0.02350831776857376, 0.04813193157315254, -0.000995938084088266, -0.01121700182557106, -0.02095705457031727, 0.008043603040277958, -0.028800304979085922, -0.005130046512931585, 0.0018589477986097336, -0.02206745371222496, 0.02444360964000225, -0.0031186752021312714, 0.014866277575492859, -0.013417255133390427, 0.01334502175450325, -0.010474836453795433, 0.0587121956050396, -0.01713668741285801, 0.02108818106353283, 0.0094430698081851, -0.006011430639773607, 0.02950364723801613, 0.013856479898095131, -0.01088673435151577, 0.0032278052531182766, -0.010421589948236942, -0.02445387654006481, -0.023449625819921494, -0.052188970148563385, -0.009710369631648064, 0.07791350036859512, 0.010966017842292786, 0.037403155118227005, 0.05793679133057594, -0.013020315207540989, 0.03539823368191719, -0.022804442793130875, 0.003975210711359978, -0.028061002492904663, -0.021595606580376625, 0.05935351550579071, 0.011168664321303368, 0.021540744230151176, 0.036094699054956436, 0.020679263398051262, -0.0009606702951714396, 0.029666494578123093, 0.022776871919631958, -0.0005263587227091193, 0.025491368025541306, -0.017917359247803688, -0.03813434764742851, 0.019573096185922623, -0.07109065353870392, 0.032858360558748245, -0.009273041971027851, -0.03574550151824951, 0.04631653428077698, 0.03816032409667969, 0.006438346579670906, -0.026063479483127594, -0.010827641002833843, -0.03307121619582176, 0.018822338432073593, -0.018259596079587936, 0.0007705020252615213, 0.03500150144100189, -0.024243654683232307, 0.057574089616537094, -0.019839206710457802, 0.021666444838047028, -0.02014096826314926, -0.07132093608379364, 0.004386882297694683, -0.031310778111219406, -0.025832630693912506, 0.04017241299152374, -0.0268622487783432, 0.008513854816555977, -0.003221025923267007, -0.03933247551321983, 0.02392806112766266, 0.016078375279903412, 0.00972326286137104, -0.02434261329472065, 0.048683006316423416, 0.002868225332349539, 0.0025143472012132406, 0.00576354144141078, -0.0035785427317023277, 0.10244295001029968, 0.051625631749629974, 0.046192824840545654, -0.07191745936870575, 0.04221930727362633, -0.013124627061188221, 0.018970120698213577, -0.038671813905239105, 0.028674336150288582, -0.023138875141739845, 0.0055519589222967625, 0.017388518899679184, 0.03124614804983139, -0.013136086985468864, -0.015010619536042213, 0.03511391952633858, -0.08641325682401657, -0.021247148513793945, -0.027700020000338554, 0.029759038239717484, 0.014723209664225578, 0.0031752698123455048, -0.04039756581187248, 0.021268300712108612, 0.023560920730233192, -0.018745722249150276, -0.03642196208238602, -0.02927318401634693, 0.04395417869091034, 0.01274491474032402, 0.017015019431710243, -0.00823249388486147, 0.04873818904161453, 0.027122635394334793, 0.010053080506622791, -0.010055821388959885, 0.034733206033706665, -0.0024829532485455275, 0.05082568898797035, 0.0067060948349535465, -0.02900662273168564, 0.016652557998895645, 0.007490342482924461, -0.018643921241164207, -0.04974985122680664, -0.02179843746125698, -0.0015801844419911504, 0.03923935070633888, -0.009319797158241272, 0.027480535209178925, -0.03335772082209587, 0.017955636605620384, -0.0024985738564282656, -0.056925974786281586, 0.007949918508529663, 0.006096388213336468, 0.024822214618325233, -0.027168141677975655, -0.017351282760500908, -0.03793000802397728, 0.029648877680301666, 0.0029429858550429344, 0.01509376522153616, 0.03836251422762871, -0.03860387206077576, 0.05839882791042328, -0.011291968636214733, -0.0016832130495458841, 0.0008084189612418413, 0.0027427510358393192, -0.01692071557044983, -0.0022939671762287617, -0.04798181727528572, -0.04563698172569275, -0.003384543117135763, 0.008721494115889072, 0.003287574974820018, -0.00007711557555012405, 0.013397345319390297, -0.01698492467403412, -0.05828993022441864, 0.02305663377046585, 0.021461430937051773, -0.022967174649238586, -0.022814646363258362, 0.01898747868835926, -0.003630919847637415, 0.033542320132255554, 0.01652189902961254, -0.012247257865965366, -0.003920455928891897, 0.03172161802649498, 0.022712664678692818, -0.006299121305346489, 0.01662481017410755, 0.01303380262106657, -0.033800773322582245, 0.013615830801427364, -0.024668769910931587, 0.012886248528957367, 0.04619785398244858, 0.00883702002465725, -0.014467766508460045, 0.038644079118967056, 0.019603341817855835, -0.014219902455806732, 0.016565855592489243, -0.04970574751496315, -0.007821430452167988, 0.02511611022055149, -0.008448891341686249, -0.07625467330217361, -0.047550201416015625, -0.014645799994468689, 0.004523464012891054, -0.01422075368463993, 0.003396447515115142, -0.02803899720311165, -0.031513020396232605, -0.05782970041036606, 0.023550057783722878, -0.014501705765724182, -0.016824515536427498, -0.033589426428079605, -0.0056334505788981915, 0.03887661546468735, -0.022018052637577057, -0.040050264447927475, 0.013330013491213322, -0.00991127360612154, -0.010455895215272903, 0.016905831173062325, 0.002973981434479356, 0.013923035003244877, 0.0026213545352220535, -0.017455289140343666, -0.035956211388111115, 0.04995369166135788, -0.036224428564310074, -0.005126022733747959, 0.04018784686923027, -0.02590981312096119, -0.01231112889945507, 0.0020203583408147097, 0.020526986569166183, 0.0227483082562685, 0.02817121148109436, 0.0033590777311474085, -0.0074546760879457, 0.013024907559156418, -0.02888248860836029, -0.0310308076441288, 0.002185434103012085, -0.01957795023918152, -0.019762564450502396, 0.0021739189978688955, 0.013971465639770031, -0.013267649337649345, -0.011394673958420753, 0.006425227038562298, 0.05501358211040497, -0.018677731975913048, -0.02831454761326313, 0.04105060547590256, 0.030240138992667198, 0.052599139511585236, 0.003146004630252719, -0.0033902816940099, 0.04350795969367027, 0.015385711565613747, -0.03630271553993225, 0.026485241949558258, 0.021947376430034637, 0.006238022353500128, -0.11115261167287827, -0.009518367238342762, 0.0629439651966095, -0.016523100435733795, 0.02938712015748024, -0.06356630474328995, 0.007716766558587551, -0.0027306682895869017, -0.06251849234104156, -0.019972430542111397, -0.031370025128126144, -0.02446894347667694, -0.045334592461586, 0.013243055902421474, 0.003362407209351659, 0.04693150892853737, -0.005059348419308662, 0.003875147085636854, 0.054496072232723236, 0.037356335669755936, -0.03342888876795769, -0.013538520783185959, -0.0075335330329835415, 0.04214799776673317, 0.002065726788714528, -0.05662360414862633, 0.060526907444000244, -0.0033989662770181894, -0.05271138250827789, 0.04718932509422302, 0.04738049954175949, -0.013206220231950283, 0.030922170728445053, 0.01997138001024723, -0.013948335312306881, 0.03251173347234726, 0.036858659237623215, -0.024161776527762413, -0.03889111429452896, 0.006889998447149992, 0.022737035527825356, 0.012784408405423164, 0.04363885149359703, 0.005736526567488909, 0.008662566542625427, -0.01750568114221096, -0.03275664895772934, 0.012828676030039787, -0.006255608517676592, -0.008560102432966232, -0.017216863110661507, -0.027814680710434914, 0.013933624140918255, -0.011868598870933056, 0.043025821447372437, -0.039108410477638245, -0.02348027005791664, 0.018987717106938362, -0.008525841869413853, -0.022023875266313553, 0.008044613525271416, -0.01819000020623207, -0.04921715706586838, -0.01698310300707817, -0.029866384342312813, -0.028110625222325325, -0.08131598681211472, -0.019382808357477188, 0.018161598592996597, -0.0019102073274552822, -0.04391113668680191, -0.057881809771060944, -0.026067933067679405, 0.02590973861515522, 0.004590421449393034, 0.02751237340271473, -0.02719072625041008, -0.004993727896362543, 0.009480135515332222, -0.058376263827085495, 0.01135345734655857, 0.01245375070720911, -0.01367844920605421, -0.016722077503800392, 0.013836797326803207, -0.022630179300904274, 0.012017667293548584, 0.0609101764857769, 0.0494103766977787, -0.023538004606962204, -0.02026798203587532, 0.03706447035074234, 0.022871937602758408, -0.0791323259472847, 0.02946733869612217, -0.004693237133324146, -0.01953883282840252, 0.010081003420054913, -0.03623379021883011, 0.0020253260154277086, 0.03085029125213623, 0.03354870155453682, 0.025738827884197235, -0.001129590324126184, -0.030126361176371574, -0.01279589906334877, 0.052611276507377625, 0.01253462303429842, -0.06213219463825226, 0.05327150970697403, -0.01520262099802494, 0.0019295061938464642, 0.03274261951446533, -0.008747582323849201, -0.025080606341362, -0.0076925973407924175, -0.047892458736896515, -0.024966049939393997, 0.021593693643808365, -0.0013784137554466724, 0.010032063350081444, -0.06572272628545761, -0.0284060537815094, 0.010353373363614082, -0.042824529111385345, 0.0007122530369088054, 0.032919105142354965, 0.041083455085754395, 0.00021189945982769132, 0.022147899493575096, -0.01171319093555212, 0.010017041116952896, -0.009015674702823162, -0.03676227852702141, 0.012817909941077232, 0.03353191912174225, -0.01799420639872551, 0.018786901608109474, 0.013077245093882084, -0.02756049484014511, 0.05665953829884529, 0.043246254324913025, 0.03234395012259483, -0.05173606052994728, 0.0011312935966998339, -0.003901422955095768, 0.008766685612499714, -0.003786079352721572, -0.003092635190114379, -0.011153384111821651, 0.059220463037490845, 0.006341244094073772, -0.00004518680725595914, -0.0412294939160347, 0.0061868587508797646, -0.028191080316901207, 0.0015723624965175986, 0.018155662342905998, 0.03898795321583748, -0.03132088854908943, -0.009981178678572178, -0.02442954108119011, -0.035198941826820374, 0.013656403869390488, -0.03882073238492012, 0.021031705662608147, -0.027829494327306747, 0.0003861110017169267, -0.007996165193617344, -0.014952853322029114, -0.014082050882279873, 0.015799641609191895, 0.03540904074907303, 0.03908812254667282, 0.04716558754444122, -0.022534554824233055, -0.03329385071992874, -0.004469370469450951, 0.03455932065844536, -0.04685293138027191, 0.0007451993296854198, -0.022268066182732582, 0.0040642376989126205, 0.020791178569197655, 0.024294693022966385 ]
<p>I am trying to run a discrete duration model for analyzing (monthly) unemployment using survey data. I have household-level data, and as such I would like to control for the household effects in my model. I thought to do this by either allowing for cluster effects in the estimation of the standard errors or by random effects (for households) - i.e., I think that fixed effects would not work because there are a lot of households and because of the incidental parameter problem. </p> <p>My model will include both individual characteristics (e.g., age, school, occupation, since when the person has been unemployed - as they were asked retrospectively), and some other variables) as well as household characteristics (e.g. size, number of people unemployed).</p> <p>Can anyone provide some comments on my proposed methodology? Are there any things I should be mindful of or are there any better ways of doing this?</p> <p>Also I would highly appreciate any relevant references. </p>
74,124
[ -0.036087967455387115, -0.03032117336988449, 0.03404315561056137, 0.000204058043891564, 0.011745208874344826, -0.00655177840963006, -0.009434116072952747, -0.014387311413884163, 0.01411706767976284, -0.03510403633117676, 0.019893981516361237, 0.0499543696641922, 0.054469626396894455, -0.00843332801014185, 0.030821317806839943, 0.010493535548448563, -0.027173632755875587, -0.017823703587055206, -0.023345809429883957, 0.01777573861181736, -0.008598299697041512, 0.029633264988660812, -0.012936226092278957, 0.0075096203945577145, -0.03307309001684189, 0.009855628944933414, -0.0006682159728370607, -0.013053019531071186, 0.018767988309264183, 0.06924513727426529, -0.04433145001530647, -0.056508276611566544, -0.011613124050199986, 0.022803187370300293, -0.009745859540998936, 0.020951468497514725, -0.08300994336605072, -0.052743811160326004, -0.006949051283299923, -0.0017998726107180119, -0.05191110447049141, -0.006913529243320227, -0.018658293411135674, 0.013256322592496872, -0.020398074761033058, 0.01425537932664156, -0.0016094385646283627, 0.004687352105975151, 0.0503673292696476, -0.00023501244140788913, 0.08895231038331985, -0.025165311992168427, 0.03470131382346153, 0.01983749493956566, -0.023525945842266083, -0.021452341228723526, 0.04650867357850075, 0.037538181990385056, -0.023126957938075066, -0.051541268825531006, -0.020324058830738068, -0.02461097203195095, 0.019562626257538795, -0.04312325641512871, -0.04950129613280296, 0.03700327128171921, 0.01295828353613615, -0.026414645835757256, 0.028282735496759415, -0.027758024632930756, 0.03183382749557495, -0.008346958085894585, 0.022078348323702812, 0.01962546445429325, 0.014941093511879444, -0.06506343185901642, -0.002538875676691532, 0.017809556797146797, 0.022666389122605324, 0.039755284786224365, -0.011829077266156673, 0.003514211857691407, 0.02137080766260624, 0.03800355643033981, 0.024953525513410568, 0.0005695930449292064, 0.046746209263801575, -0.009635666385293007, 0.018936531618237495, 0.026798777282238007, -0.05453987419605255, 0.002023264765739441, 0.06469880044460297, -0.013771525584161282, -0.06726375967264175, 0.03683735057711601, 0.0015609741676598787, 0.057114653289318085, 0.005115687381476164, 0.03852679952979088, -0.04006778821349144, -0.04633743315935135, -0.004733562469482422, 0.06376808136701584, 0.004011055454611778, 0.011633195914328098, -0.024462426081299782, -0.0036320178769528866, -0.028923533856868744, -0.06076231226325035, -0.013300283811986446, 0.004781536757946014, -0.02285921946167946, -0.006979597266763449, 0.040166787803173065, 0.00834961049258709, -0.011712554842233658, -0.016306960955262184, 0.03971084579825401, 0.07651565223932266, 0.035420339554548264, -0.0519501231610775, 0.004753301851451397, -0.07939065247774124, -0.08224298059940338, -0.0025951522402465343, 0.013210022822022438, -0.017490139231085777, -0.025384729728102684, 0.03453920781612396, 0.04070340842008591, -0.007750729098916054, 0.06948170065879822, -0.0355137437582016, 0.06223612651228905, -0.0045919399708509445, -0.03506354242563248, -0.03209860250353813, -0.004913658834993839, 0.014347806572914124, 0.02968757413327694, -0.053993109613657, -0.01762169599533081, -0.002075948752462864, 0.04205590486526489, -0.015482688322663307, 0.037001509219408035, 0.02386561594903469, 0.025355450809001923, 0.013911564834415913, -0.042672012001276016, -0.03997613117098808, 0.011538336053490639, -0.014339366927742958, -0.01026864256709814, -0.06571301072835922, 0.03618710860610008, 0.026708262041211128, 0.01443022396415472, 0.019248895347118378, 0.0627976506948471, 0.04205184802412987, -0.0261269211769104, 0.005853165406733751, 0.034088775515556335, -0.05201437696814537, 0.07291902601718903, -0.021502267569303513, 0.04302559047937393, -0.013376935385167599, -0.023911666125059128, 0.041483063250780106, 0.012105722911655903, 0.06874120235443115, 0.004681108985096216, -0.0454254150390625, 0.0031274831853806973, 0.009113701991736889, 0.03276625648140907, -0.0012111562537029386, -0.03537486121058464, 0.01016735564917326, -0.01459328830242157, -0.048514094203710556, -0.005428555887192488, 0.038408245891332626, -0.004934342578053474, -0.02860262244939804, -0.008331925608217716, -0.0626126155257225, -0.06183573603630066, -0.08607012778520584, 0.02220705896615982, -0.017799582332372665, -0.006266334559768438, 0.036312952637672424, -0.047464679926633835, 0.016118725761771202, 0.001678318833000958, -0.007623836398124695, -0.04707268252968788, -0.010988484136760235, 0.004485000856220722, -0.05623286962509155, -0.00777024682611227, 0.023190291598439217, 0.056609492748975754, -0.008727895095944405, 0.057663943618535995, -0.03289542347192764, -0.03507016599178314, 0.015176956541836262, -0.048681650310754776, 0.03158051148056984, -0.0097938422113657, -0.0037040256429463625, 0.025865521281957626, -0.009181630797684193, -0.0292817335575819, 0.01906493492424488, -0.04151357337832451, 0.06704488396644592, 0.07596538960933685, -0.03722798079252243, 0.0004627085872925818, 0.009572982788085938, 0.02937074936926365, 0.010296783410012722, -0.013785948976874352, -0.004512550309300423, -0.04139226675033569, 0.002739968243986368, 0.06138460710644722, 0.012807884253561497, -0.028218917548656464, 0.009673689492046833, 0.051394764333963394, 0.01863335259258747, 0.006652782671153545, 0.02093459479510784, 0.0023848346900194883, -0.01111989002674818, 0.03120124340057373, 0.023427696898579597, -0.030997613444924355, 0.02574147656559944, 0.038779910653829575, -0.035699039697647095, 0.00945952907204628, -0.024665972217917442, 0.018899809569120407, 0.04062551632523537, -0.00817926973104477, 0.04051592946052551, 0.005801156163215637, -0.026336519047617912, 0.04580148309469223, -0.020064542070031166, -0.012971156276762486, 0.015049677342176437, -0.018802301958203316, 0.015535390935838223, -0.012931452132761478, 0.003531024791300297, 0.03933987393975258, 0.015197744593024254, -0.01716003753244877, 0.0012373197823762894, 0.00853717140853405, 0.007242419756948948, 0.011643259786069393, -0.0002690275723580271, -0.03261004015803337, -0.007870791479945183, 0.0025260348338633776, 0.054003823548555374, 0.029853107407689095, 0.028012815862894058, 0.009213478304445744, -0.03390252962708473, 0.014799357391893864, 0.02270786464214325, 0.016286486759781837, 0.03559241071343422, -0.053347766399383545, -0.002792182145640254, -0.010936877690255642, -0.016685575246810913, 0.07394401729106903, 0.0021764454431831837, -0.017268115654587746, 0.0211322121322155, 0.012293148785829544, -0.008310454897582531, 0.005347518250346184, -0.01562768593430519, 0.043229520320892334, -0.0482487790286541, -0.02308177761733532, 0.04348578304052353, 0.02977980114519596, -0.027083851397037506, 0.023957164958119392, -0.03708415850996971, -0.022303160279989243, -0.014787397347390652, -0.0021884364541620016, 0.0036187570076435804, -0.0038789024110883474, -0.0017162449657917023, -0.004339456092566252, -0.017568452283740044, 0.01054696086794138, -0.08268313109874725, -0.07080483436584473, 0.0025241251569241285, -0.009633531793951988, 0.03226928412914276, 0.014559698291122913, -0.029054144397377968, 0.05717117711901665, 0.02858157828450203, 0.009189964272081852, -0.013559628278017044, -0.03387538343667984, -0.024697236716747284, 0.0006951161194592714, 0.04228027164936066, 0.018534431234002113, -0.01658984273672104, 0.0117568951100111, -0.007934809662401676, 0.03763069212436676, 0.027463827282190323, 0.0158420167863369, 0.018515555188059807, -0.0042219278402626514, -0.009656962007284164, -0.03060123883187771, 0.025750786066055298, 0.007989292033016682, -0.023643340915441513, -0.023761620745062828, -0.055215492844581604, -0.010708225890994072, 0.00424681743606925, -0.04682350531220436, -0.01318378746509552, -0.05354101583361626, -0.04342574253678322, -0.031263746321201324, 0.02435566857457161, -0.011629056185483932, -0.06432731449604034, -0.018957380205392838, -0.016124669462442398, 0.021810701116919518, 0.006775709334760904, 0.007695639505982399, 0.03883025795221329, 0.04376562312245369, -0.005677792709320784, -0.0019623171538114548, 0.007264561019837856, -0.0018940214067697525, 0.054896216839551926, -0.027727575972676277, -0.009267020970582962, 0.02758464403450489, 0.03276011347770691, 0.0181820597499609, -0.026440180838108063, -0.06555695831775665, 0.013429825194180012, -0.08662013709545135, 0.060489702969789505, -0.03278139606118202, 0.07164081931114197, -0.021519159898161888, 0.0009185331873595715, 0.026983441784977913, -0.014607910998165607, -0.00923494715243578, 0.008334312587976456, -0.04408290237188339, -0.016372529789805412, -0.009877366945147514, -0.004134449642151594, -0.009717175737023354, -0.009730671532452106, 0.03821239247918129, 0.011351518332958221, 0.03521169722080231, 0.0005655955174006522, 0.024508796632289886, -0.033789265900850296, -0.0008833293686620891, -0.027630027383565903, -0.030436502769589424, -0.01335887610912323, -0.01160250511020422, 0.009783868677914143, -0.011329109780490398, -0.008047855459153652, 0.020894624292850494, -0.006422337144613266, -0.01887958124279976, -0.055316854268312454, -0.014217552728950977, 0.01239656750112772, 0.0348643995821476, 0.04179348051548004, 0.023705879226326942, -0.027720635756850243, 0.05007681995630264, 0.00886454340070486, 0.0195680670440197, 0.046696826815605164, -0.0029804513324052095, -0.0028353214729577303, -0.06847834587097168, -0.017284147441387177, 0.05401308834552765, 0.02278824709355831, -0.029602887108922005, 0.005985255818814039, 0.05481791868805885, 0.04034710302948952, -0.0641988143324852, -0.011887157335877419, 0.05245431512594223, 0.021449826657772064, 0.003669515484943986, -0.04556603729724884, 0.011947417631745338, 0.00857996754348278, 0.021969208493828773, 0.0170450396835804, 0.010139964520931244, -0.0033188750967383385, 0.02597653679549694, 0.06797652691602707, -0.015923285856842995, -0.02528807707130909, 0.027090581133961678, 0.018966175615787506, 0.06245018541812897, -0.002245094859972596, -0.028614740818738937, 0.0659654513001442, 0.023227544501423836, 0.02097013033926487, 0.0461554192006588, 0.005752313416451216, -0.0871070921421051, 0.02407999150454998, 0.05051656439900398, 0.031234927475452423, -0.017119260504841805, 0.011737646535038948, -0.039238832890987396, 0.007489253766834736, -0.007121739909052849, -0.035590481013059616, 0.011948979459702969, -0.02710612677037716, -0.00836322084069252, 0.0092470059171319, -0.014442307874560356, -0.03447908163070679, -0.003844119608402252, 0.02593865990638733, 0.04566837102174759, -0.006113154347985983, -0.032090723514556885, -0.02424166165292263, 0.06339593231678009, 0.025284694507718086, 0.03588838130235672, -0.011302032507956028, -0.010956375859677792, 0.05506393685936928, 0.0014012819156050682, -0.024406673386693, -0.054972629994153976, 0.003025385783985257, 0.03706684708595276, 0.013202627189457417, 0.04893852025270462, -0.02263973094522953, -0.013801729306578636, -0.008166186511516571, 0.03889348730444908, 0.0030048161279410124, -0.007538969628512859, -0.021792858839035034, 0.003985992632806301, 0.0017363729421049356, -0.0107719162479043, 0.03727492690086365, 0.028727367520332336, 0.020910443738102913, 0.02097892574965954, 0.006898948457092047, 0.006502455100417137, -0.04308273643255234, -0.02747276797890663, -0.05137244239449501, -0.006006426643580198, 0.004779554437845945, 0.00822498369961977, 0.0034934699069708586, 0.03671560809016228, -0.023666176944971085, -0.05495106056332588, 0.004603311885148287, 0.035015854984521866, -0.0037423190660774708, 0.023169735446572304, -0.022342603653669357, 0.013945546932518482, 0.011625046841800213, -0.04687841609120369, -0.020822374150156975, -0.010503833182156086, 0.019822686910629272, -0.014859928749501705, -0.040224652737379074, -0.001652306760661304, -0.041536927223205566, -0.057452376931905746, 0.027574559673666954, -0.022780347615480423, 0.010464354418218136, -0.001620833296328783, 0.0597224235534668, -0.019485672935843468, -0.028846973553299904, 0.03669903427362442, 0.03087751753628254, 0.0022592428140342236, 0.04892108961939812, -0.010664508678019047, 0.04724954441189766, 0.04285500943660736, 0.007062418386340141, -0.08314482122659683, -0.030676057562232018, 0.005004347767680883, -0.013775145635008812, -0.03506249561905861, -0.039395567029714584, 0.033242642879486084, -0.003871198743581772, -0.02947409823536873, 0.020158540457487106, 0.07783698290586472, -0.015374994836747646, -0.018965337425470352, 0.006554579362273216, 0.04427077993750572, 0.09542674571275711, 0.007771713193506002, -0.03627284616231918, 0.031363602727651596, -0.03339828550815582, -0.03365658223628998, -0.005527955014258623, -0.000551823468413204, -0.026104185730218887, -0.02843328006565571, -0.04711155965924263, 0.007131028454750776, 0.03730659559369087, -0.02602238394320011, -0.04416712373495102, 0.041608020663261414, 0.008871425874531269, 0.013861550949513912, -0.035210832953453064, -0.008358839899301529, -0.021076740697026253, 0.004922314081341028, -0.010858988389372826, 0.04369666427373886, -0.014924908988177776, 0.01385815255343914, 0.016733277589082718, -0.02543788030743599, -0.043359510600566864, 0.03190476819872856, 0.042292941361665726, 0.03097517415881157, -0.015370873734354973, 0.03572842478752136, -0.005291324108839035, 0.05630050227046013, -0.015259642153978348, -0.002123248763382435, 0.013997324742376804, -0.005708391312509775, -0.020291374996304512, -0.05307280644774437, -0.04372045025229454, 0.0006942052859812975, 0.04048541933298111, 0.027268169447779655, 0.03970407322049141, 0.06870424747467041, 0.0070566097274422646, -0.018537338823080063, -0.01021194364875555, 0.01672522909939289, -0.019085638225078583, -0.025026516988873482, 0.059192854911088943, 0.011693917214870453, 0.0036563524045050144, -0.001061785500496626, -0.013500722125172615, 0.036617252975702286, 0.030648307874798775, 0.029892781749367714, 0.025414420291781425, 0.02432488650083542, -0.05089800804853439, -0.05140796676278114, 0.02041606977581978, -0.06411606073379517, 0.009816695936024189, -0.04788082093000412, -0.03611253574490547, -0.001968902302905917, 0.06321177631616592, 0.0182151161134243, -0.011047842912375927, -0.002126577077433467, -0.048069559037685394, -0.009465054608881474, 0.05760865658521652, -0.01918254978954792, 0.044295791536569595, -0.00034659422817640007, 0.04721619188785553, -0.002162884920835495, 0.03796188160777092, -0.022312279790639877, -0.049811843782663345, 0.0015615610172972083, -0.014948053285479546, -0.0044170161709189415, 0.03814968466758728, -0.008030339144170284, -0.011041556484997272, 0.010430596768856049, -0.04311806708574295, -0.014121554791927338, 0.0066248346120119095, 0.006088080815970898, 0.015069574117660522, 0.07482339441776276, -0.003061031922698021, 0.011840549297630787, -0.003982973750680685, 0.0093920286744833, 0.10735888034105301, 0.06815242767333984, 0.033735550940036774, -0.05154765397310257, 0.01941114291548729, 0.008471054024994373, 0.022868046537041664, -0.03882606327533722, -0.0005587378982454538, 0.021588003262877464, -0.05779292806982994, 0.04490240290760994, 0.02943253144621849, 0.011101176962256432, 0.013177832588553429, 0.03419381007552147, -0.004839651752263308, -0.044144466519355774, -0.006039600353688002, 0.006066032685339451, 0.04023338109254837, -0.029035011306405067, -0.0568070262670517, -0.00006320421380223706, 0.00020801491336897016, -0.019185885787010193, -0.014619015157222748, 0.01178368367254734, -0.032778915017843246, 0.0036892194766551256, -0.01563814841210842, -0.015072747133672237, 0.0100044384598732, 0.016773423179984093, 0.0007713973172940314, -0.038541845977306366, -0.028956564143300056, -0.02112317457795143, 0.020995231345295906, 0.04170572757720947, 0.008516689762473106, -0.015050257556140423, 0.02620643377304077, 0.00250300788320601, -0.06142832338809967, -0.03330530226230621, -0.015808366239070892, 0.033081188797950745, -0.022162634879350662, 0.016361990943551064, -0.00897232349961996, 0.040029190480709076, 0.004997085779905319, -0.03274054825305939, -0.02689560130238533, 0.002073342213407159, 0.03173254057765007, -0.022077983245253563, -0.011565934866666794, -0.015353456139564514, -0.0038277707062661648, 0.01476647611707449, 0.012805787846446037, 0.01170912105590105, -0.04870535805821419, -0.003538520308211446, -0.019922012463212013, 0.03399915620684624, -0.002100174082443118, -0.04338334873318672, 0.04579278826713562, -0.02028040774166584, -0.01577730104327202, 0.017921924591064453, 0.029180068522691727, -0.006086273584514856, 0.05924174189567566, -0.014168472029268742, 0.03671317547559738, -0.009773440659046173, -0.02878491021692753, 0.004434072878211737, -0.011577525176107883, -0.012877661734819412, -0.04876494035124779, 0.04600805416703224, 0.033509716391563416, -0.015523890033364296, -0.005169760901480913, 0.020059121772646904, -0.016949383541941643, 0.029494130983948708, 0.011910833418369293, -0.04821058362722397, -0.00579795241355896, -0.034863006323575974, -0.04592730104923248, 0.02865288406610489, -0.008163475431501865, 0.031247859820723534, -0.0031285309232771397, -0.019865641370415688, -0.02083626016974449, 0.05738995969295502, -0.01856318674981594, 0.0390467643737793, 0.025181196630001068, -0.089658223092556, -0.024403804913163185, -0.0023875508923083544, -0.02132268249988556, -0.025589032098650932, 0.0031131829600781202, -0.017587877810001373, 0.0027285893447697163, 0.008449251763522625, -0.02490435168147087, -0.034779492765665054, 0.02765929140150547, -0.023555295541882515, 0.0025893249548971653, -0.041477229446172714, 0.004135888069868088, -0.047021765261888504, -0.04456213116645813, -0.02577942982316017, 0.007453459315001965, -0.008896371349692345, -0.007169800810515881, 0.008586205542087555, 0.008321785368025303, 0.001235387520864606, 0.0044021764770150185, 0.024109048768877983, -0.0089443763718009, 0.010153681971132755, -0.01698051393032074, 0.05280715972185135, -0.011042093858122826, 0.015042341314256191, 0.032644402235746384, -0.027758993208408356, -0.008757700212299824, 0.0043135713785886765, -0.024814564734697342, 0.04648451879620552, 0.012107928283512592, -0.006749175954610109, -0.008268805220723152, 0.05967071279883385, -0.035663455724716187, -0.03991538658738136, -0.017591416835784912, 0.03057674691081047, 0.020139401778578758, 0.011365997605025768, -0.016660509631037712, 0.01758350431919098, -0.016180291771888733, 0.008832546882331371, 0.06252594292163849, 0.01199062168598175, -0.033329520374536514, 0.021430108696222305, 0.0063432613387703896, 0.0274027232080698, -0.019654788076877594, -0.0044495174661278725, 0.015596108511090279, 0.030017845332622528, -0.023470889776945114, 0.023679740726947784, -0.034900568425655365, -0.011998596601188183, -0.04723583534359932, -0.024247273802757263, 0.03801138699054718, 0.04482436180114746, 0.01773645356297493, -0.006565688643604517, -0.03880725055932999, 0.003993165213614702, -0.0048437113873660564, 0.02889500930905342, -0.0025533847510814667, 0.030753372237086296, -0.027017155662178993, -0.0006910193478688598, -0.02692878618836403, 0.0030457316897809505, 0.027488963678479195, 0.006933922879397869, 0.013437643647193909, 0.04151344671845436, 0.019428102299571037, -0.0003407046024221927, 0.0005307518877089024, -0.0026932901237159967, 0.046713024377822876, -0.06261487305164337, 0.042917486280202866, -0.06548771262168884, -0.030480867251753807, 0.016806695610284805, 0.015089813619852066, 0.028434839099645615, 0.0004375159624032676, 0.026086490601301193, -0.006993916351348162, 0.043158337473869324, 0.04106399789452553, 0.018061157315969467, 0.010996749624609947, -0.018366891890764236, 0.003589945612475276, 0.038530632853507996, -0.030538128688931465, 0.0015197924803942442, -0.003223321633413434, 0.00785363744944334, -0.028812771663069725, -0.01683875545859337, -0.0004983671242371202, -0.016802845522761345, 0.0024830936454236507, -0.026433052495121956, -0.015193399041891098, 0.0016014701686799526, 0.03587352856993675, -0.001549099455587566, -0.015097399242222309, 0.06640302389860153, 0.024962618947029114, -0.005473518744111061, 0.034519460052251816, -0.009307747706770897, -0.05242782086133957, 0.018326766788959503, 0.02086414024233818, -0.0413191132247448, -0.06969248503446579, -0.02259049005806446, 0.030277036130428314, -0.00048188550863415003, -0.02931763418018818, 0.017725547775626183, -0.004451654385775328, 0.04656943678855896, -0.0626220852136612, -0.041901566088199615, -0.01998651772737503, -0.0022364596370607615, 0.0243062824010849, -0.07933271676301956, 0.061077818274497986, 0.01493286993354559, -0.0041906097903847694, -0.02277541719377041, -0.0615755058825016, -0.014450888149440289, 0.00014190845831763, 0.026529720053076744, -0.03839009255170822, -0.028436023741960526, 0.026438254863023758, -0.010358336381614208, 0.0026269694790244102, -0.027769895270466805, 0.04785887151956558, -0.015903767198324203, -0.019255196675658226, -0.006073829717934132, -0.0401981920003891, -0.001759293139912188, -0.01607408933341503, 0.011476288549602032, -0.014784814789891243, 0.007210572250187397, 0.01716768555343151, -0.02684534341096878, 0.01304162759333849, 0.02934352494776249, -0.013970829546451569, 0.029687948524951935, 0.015206345357000828, 0.004340502433478832, 0.03615732491016388, -0.03484344109892845, -0.060847241431474686, 0.020178083330392838, -0.024194246158003807, -0.00868021510541439, -0.027198418974876404, 0.01748829521238804, -0.029202954843640327, -0.022788578644394875, -0.009953645057976246, 0.0016660344554111362, -0.010857400484383106, 0.03214035555720329, 0.018097268417477608, 0.055435989052057266, 0.029241541400551796, -0.004567738156765699, 0.02560042403638363, 0.03129402548074722, -0.02325538732111454, 0.013389457017183304, 0.02765415422618389, 0.048898737877607346, 0.020594902336597443, 0.004133290145546198, 0.013663038611412048, -0.0008644603658467531, 0.04834814742207527, -0.021258853375911713, 0.05553313344717026, -0.02502436377108097, -0.0343744233250618, 0.02991868183016777, 0.023678595200181007, -0.0018162693595513701, 0.031439557671546936, 0.01477865967899561, 0.02717958576977253, 0.022779248654842377, 0.00960858166217804, -0.027411578223109245, -0.013367894105613232, -0.045035310089588165, 0.007422764785587788, 0.016686806455254555, 0.03412529081106186, 0.007335754577070475, 0.027422891929745674, -0.0072071487084031105, -0.041540320962667465, 0.005281269084662199, -0.03525988385081291, 0.03287925571203232, 0.0031262983102351427, -0.003186786314472556, -0.012763951905071735, 0.006517508067190647, -0.03413611650466919, -0.024984631687402725, 0.07061515003442764, 0.07461323589086533, 0.014662164263427258, -0.01841409131884575, -0.021899446845054626, 0.03295092657208443, 0.03878414258360863, -0.0756080225110054, -0.009059975855052471, -0.07247470319271088, 0.008662884123623371, -0.018934154883027077, 0.007058114279061556 ]
<p>Suppose I have <code>N</code> correlation coefficient matrices, containing the Pearson correlation coefficients of <code>k</code> different time series of some quantity measured for every subject of an experiment.</p> <p>The correlation matrices are then rescaled from the <code>[-1,1]</code> interval to <code>[0,1]</code> interval via a linear operation <code>C' = 0.5*(C+1.0)</code></p> <p>The rescaling is done because I need to create a graph from those correlation coefficients and I need to set a threshold over which an edge between two nodes is added.</p> <p>At the end I come up with <code>N</code> positive matrices and I want to extract from them some non-linear measures (i.e. graph-theoretical measures).</p> <p>Is it correct to <strong>average</strong> the <code>N</code> matrices and then extract those measures from the averaged matrix?</p>
36,790
[ -0.012510725297033787, -0.002504929667338729, -0.0004651190247386694, 0.009421276859939098, 0.03134247660636902, -0.002374160336330533, -0.04280870035290718, -0.01771729439496994, 0.037235189229249954, -0.013492974452674389, 0.0637509748339653, 0.005832959432154894, 0.0672910287976265, 0.044407159090042114, -0.00608834158629179, 0.00648610619828105, -0.011484240181744099, -0.007754191290587187, -0.02142689935863018, -0.03364620357751846, 0.00348419276997447, 0.023970576003193855, 0.0042226435616612434, -0.011756169609725475, -0.030509088188409805, 0.0512695237994194, 0.02738393098115921, -0.03142065182328224, 0.003050354076549411, 0.05565977096557617, -0.0656236782670021, -0.012648159638047218, 0.038372933864593506, 0.02138877473771572, 0.02386406809091568, 0.006130852736532688, -0.017790870741009712, -0.03248646855354309, -0.014142971485853195, 0.016359971836209297, -0.01760879158973694, -0.02870948798954487, 0.004003330133855343, 0.010600735433399677, -0.02013929933309555, 0.017932508140802383, 0.04071461036801338, -0.022159211337566376, 0.010624872520565987, -0.052073512226343155, 0.07029378414154053, -0.009643676690757275, 0.03042706660926342, 0.004608114715665579, -0.02755868248641491, -0.0008798374910838902, 0.03995148092508316, 0.035933274775743484, 0.021154683083295822, -0.05934803932905197, 0.0024493965320289135, -0.019764842465519905, 0.01583791896700859, 0.02314203791320324, -0.0274603720754385, 0.021728871390223503, -0.011471924372017384, -0.01719680055975914, 0.02177318185567856, -0.004157824907451868, -0.04543302580714226, 0.006957199890166521, 0.03951495885848999, -0.02394917421042919, 0.0030185587238520384, -0.0055144126527011395, 0.027474945411086082, -0.0030835841316729784, 0.01756712794303894, 0.05350995436310768, 0.011095079593360424, 0.02395043522119522, 0.016881175339221954, 0.011161606758832932, -0.0033155123237520456, -0.02110169269144535, 0.11173839122056961, -0.057463183999061584, 0.008915483951568604, 0.017154596745967865, 0.015450671315193176, -0.010675874538719654, 0.016100918874144554, 0.012777374126017094, -0.02553906850516796, 0.009731833823025227, 0.010839926078915596, 0.023171553388237953, 0.01207888312637806, 0.027090230956673622, -0.05419592931866646, -0.0468701496720314, -0.0031587767880409956, 0.020373418927192688, -0.01116581354290247, 0.013644158840179443, -0.03358633816242218, -0.001447168760932982, 0.011018714867532253, -0.03411874920129776, -0.003415120532736182, -0.022279588505625725, 0.0023459617514163256, 0.030930286273360252, 0.018397383391857147, -0.012317134067416191, -0.0209738090634346, -0.014286519959568977, 0.035976286977529526, 0.07122081518173218, 0.0075788479298353195, -0.012161538936197758, 0.03234099969267845, -0.0000850383221404627, -0.06433229893445969, 0.06180946156382561, -0.022296544164419174, -0.012581439688801765, -0.054115165024995804, 0.02949996292591095, 0.0010863400530070066, -0.009029067121446133, 0.023530086502432823, -0.025022516027092934, 0.04245062172412872, -0.013978970237076283, -0.07874077558517456, -0.043268028646707535, 0.04209228977560997, 0.013345944695174694, -0.00035673024831339717, -0.03135310113430023, 0.02619708701968193, 0.05255153030157089, 0.06994986534118652, 0.024678776040673256, 0.041918303817510605, 0.02211015298962593, -0.0046996776945889, 0.014358356595039368, -0.02998156100511551, -0.03363080322742462, -0.014985864982008934, -0.058192431926727295, -0.021895822137594223, -0.059379786252975464, 0.04106857627630234, 0.042774684727191925, -0.017969945445656776, 0.009112701751291752, 0.04918172210454941, 0.018218709155917168, 0.0006580137414857745, 0.03075599856674671, 0.0018302544485777617, 0.00004576007631840184, 0.06771638244390488, -0.01081093680113554, 0.037737082690000534, 0.0295220036059618, 0.0007436585729010403, -0.006776783615350723, 0.03308193013072014, 0.04686799272894859, 0.05219939723610878, -0.016728708520531654, -0.009066958911716938, -0.007456254214048386, 0.01155015267431736, 0.01947556994855404, -0.024879377335309982, -0.03006810136139393, -0.03829982131719589, 0.012930670753121376, 0.03401591256260872, 0.04591650888323784, 0.0031724623404443264, -0.028152229264378548, -0.007986517623066902, -0.023460350930690765, -0.030993152409791946, -0.056479550898075104, 0.012427128851413727, 0.0017362841172143817, -0.011997506953775883, 0.01460208185017109, -0.027779821306467056, 0.016467608511447906, 0.04360351338982582, -0.036965932697057724, -0.0314975306391716, -0.00676285894587636, 0.04653484746813774, -0.05762504041194916, 0.0024757892824709415, 0.07123061269521713, 0.039168406277894974, -0.005454689264297485, 0.03519166260957718, -0.01886739209294319, -0.033931367099285126, 0.0026740513276308775, -0.05672868713736534, -0.010963406413793564, -0.008808404207229614, -0.003471219912171364, 0.02693415805697441, -0.0013257748214527965, -0.013888070359826088, -0.004016144201159477, -0.034701474010944366, 0.06706791371107101, 0.06400076299905777, 0.006151703651994467, 0.005823162849992514, 0.040526989847421646, -0.004644026048481464, 0.02306271716952324, -0.013752749189734459, -0.01541825570166111, -0.09167740494012833, 0.01287408359348774, -0.01907474175095558, 0.06482105702161789, -0.04466470330953598, 0.005668885540217161, 0.07148823142051697, -0.0055665504187345505, 0.0008607815834693611, 0.0054044900462031364, 0.016108566895127296, 0.011489363387227058, 0.02214585244655609, 0.012056641280651093, 0.03934793546795845, -0.03884073346853256, -0.03550024330615997, -0.012195996008813381, 0.05043882504105568, -0.0028612548485398293, 0.022658606991171837, -0.0009662489756010473, -0.008318460546433926, -0.005328673869371414, -0.01582353003323078, -0.022817213088274002, 0.03903857618570328, 0.0036669510882347822, -0.0005099702975712717, 0.030535271391272545, -0.02815883420407772, -0.00600429205223918, 0.033623114228248596, -0.02084224484860897, -0.0037153922021389008, 0.014338301494717598, -0.012664356268942356, -0.028109844774007797, 0.023015104234218597, -0.018520865589380264, 0.0013225834118202329, -0.026738392189145088, 0.010479691438376904, -0.0468234159052372, 0.004596708808094263, 0.048066891729831696, -0.00036145932972431183, 0.035717178136110306, -0.06056864559650421, 0.0023052252363413572, -0.0064121331088244915, -0.018451614305377007, 0.008975417353212833, 0.03142126649618149, -0.04603017121553421, -0.007689136546105146, -0.03937685862183571, -0.00988667830824852, 0.003139458131045103, -0.023142073303461075, -0.007450941018760204, 0.03229837864637375, 0.002725731348618865, -0.06292182952165604, -0.047938376665115356, -0.05983896926045418, 0.03109654225409031, -0.026863986626267433, -0.028387274593114853, 0.06494389474391937, 0.021473195403814316, -0.05739058554172516, 0.0224615428596735, -0.004976075142621994, 0.010011070407927036, -0.01841808669269085, -0.021247465163469315, -0.014819971285760403, -0.022779930382966995, 0.006599606480449438, 0.021767940372228622, -0.024202382192015648, -0.02026836946606636, -0.11303547769784927, -0.038729891180992126, 0.035136595368385315, 0.024469131603837013, 0.008840612135827541, 0.0665193572640419, 0.007987786084413528, 0.07509763538837433, 0.021341808140277863, -0.012289508245885372, -0.05377044156193733, -0.002326307352632284, -0.01783684827387333, -0.02823869325220585, 0.045750897377729416, 0.017278874292969704, 0.0011998767731711268, -0.001425715978257358, 0.0008479387033730745, 0.04768794775009155, 0.0741867870092392, -0.0118893813341856, -0.002085975371301174, 0.03232555463910103, -0.02904299460351467, -0.04245977848768234, 0.0543108806014061, -0.0055281296372413635, -0.023365464061498642, 0.009360193274915218, 0.03471939638257027, 0.003161677625030279, 0.038813576102256775, -0.06328610330820084, 0.03296074643731117, -0.0172733161598444, 0.01273889560252428, -0.04112079367041588, 0.02060210146009922, 0.03833599388599396, -0.019781984388828278, -0.0017244688933715224, 0.04288226738572121, 0.014524947851896286, -0.02720090001821518, -0.005193031392991543, 0.050092097371816635, 0.06155984476208687, -0.02911500632762909, -0.004120717290788889, 0.009042247198522091, 0.001510277739726007, 0.024687672033905983, -0.03083041124045849, -0.0006371458875946701, 0.0508868545293808, 0.026526248082518578, -0.009741118177771568, 0.018142083659768105, -0.029307464137673378, 0.017063181847333908, -0.08117885142564774, 0.011276562698185444, -0.05614335462450981, 0.07656042277812958, 0.030976787209510803, 0.0037573690060526133, 0.028708860278129578, 0.0017883691471070051, 0.027745328843593597, -0.010336017236113548, -0.04670615494251251, 0.011842694133520126, -0.010394115932285786, -0.04600842669606209, 0.01610984094440937, -0.010542936623096466, 0.03504125028848648, 0.0033488995395600796, 0.02448367513716221, -0.0013571545714512467, 0.02823869325220585, -0.030503084883093834, 0.0059865256771445274, -0.005596371833235025, -0.014243028126657009, -0.02306871861219406, 0.00028110796120017767, 0.07064524292945862, -0.033662471920251846, 0.039181847125291824, 0.009244867600500584, 0.02908954955637455, -0.010623527690768242, 0.016854578629136086, 0.026603026315569878, 0.02379077672958374, 0.04015549644827843, 0.008896976709365845, 0.015997884795069695, -0.00009490748925600201, 0.0025034118443727493, -0.01110315602272749, 0.024147789925336838, 0.02444840595126152, -0.007541285362094641, 0.01649264432489872, -0.006854603067040443, 0.012924925424158573, 0.027698002755641937, 0.03296948969364166, 0.010213061235845089, 0.011300607584416866, 0.020131060853600502, 0.03488577529788017, -0.06105444207787514, 0.036789506673812866, 0.07105469703674316, -0.005269614048302174, 0.010697344318032265, -0.04297710955142975, -0.028064824640750885, -0.003254459472373128, -0.004271599929779768, 0.017397893592715263, -0.00955218356102705, 0.003969680983573198, 0.021070389077067375, 0.04768303036689758, 0.011738579720258713, -0.03916105628013611, 0.008380603045225143, 0.0265984907746315, 0.02900412678718567, -0.02860371582210064, -0.045142773538827896, -0.01267134491354227, 0.03761370852589607, 0.011000514961779118, 0.014978054910898209, -0.018861152231693268, -0.10585877299308777, -0.006982136983424425, 0.024031929671764374, 0.04899619147181511, 0.007649941835552454, -0.017973555251955986, -0.060331132262945175, -0.0358874574303627, 0.04884449392557144, -0.0005675341235473752, 0.03251156955957413, -0.0248093344271183, 0.021314069628715515, -0.027999021112918854, -0.02086886204779148, -0.032340724021196365, 0.002020191866904497, -0.014992175623774529, 0.023427631705999374, -0.008585123345255852, -0.01788206212222576, -0.025932934135198593, 0.01361572090536356, 0.007122864481061697, 0.0770973488688469, -0.05765312910079956, -0.03147786855697632, -0.02111632376909256, 0.00776689825579524, 0.0033879552502185106, -0.060345929116010666, 0.02227788046002388, 0.03491956368088722, -0.011217544786632061, 0.04208526387810707, 0.020175063982605934, 0.011339903809130192, -0.0077496725134551525, -0.010109419003129005, -0.003139394335448742, 0.006924573797732592, -0.01569548062980175, 0.10360025614500046, 0.04114281386137009, -0.04339606314897537, 0.047539468854665756, 0.05399421975016594, -0.01609736680984497, 0.006514927837997675, -0.04977168142795563, 0.005382852163165808, -0.05199761688709259, 0.03570723533630371, -0.0395597442984581, -0.02309795841574669, -0.032419219613075256, 0.03318822383880615, -0.010536345653235912, 0.04147922620177269, -0.018709799274802208, -0.0002150287909898907, -0.002212769351899624, 0.04631839692592621, 0.0012126227375119925, 0.007916194386780262, 0.022465473040938377, 0.0010009215911850333, 0.027499141171574593, -0.04001962020993233, -0.0005579830030910671, 0.0025727241300046444, 0.007415567059069872, 0.04543330520391464, -0.0311081912368536, -0.03242947533726692, -0.029179811477661133, 0.0014251756947487593, -0.02153496816754341, -0.045282699167728424, 0.035252343863248825, 0.0016484676161780953, 0.06569097936153412, -0.008160591125488281, 0.010572348721325397, -0.0032617279794067144, 0.0025608015712350607, -0.03892582654953003, -0.005615868605673313, -0.03659031540155411, 0.04941948130726814, -0.047321245074272156, -0.0016600863309577107, -0.06079855561256409, -0.08133239299058914, 0.013314754702150822, -0.008036858402192593, -0.010375999845564365, 0.004853653721511364, -0.018207542598247528, -0.01349994633346796, -0.0009029718348756433, -0.018759554252028465, 0.06403394043445587, -0.04055814817547798, -0.017252804711461067, 0.02275390364229679, 0.0033522057346999645, 0.05297994613647461, -0.012726391665637493, 0.005635916255414486, 0.02363591268658638, -0.0016327572520822287, -0.05298343673348427, -0.041191067546606064, -0.010524054989218712, -0.06119128689169884, -0.03317364305257797, -0.05556956306099892, 0.034818291664123535, 0.053833842277526855, 0.005055083893239498, -0.03046710044145584, 0.03267310559749603, 0.010652577504515648, -0.00008943469583755359, -0.00017541214765515178, -0.03867082670331001, -0.015844525769352913, -0.012429454363882542, 0.009668792597949505, -0.006749241147190332, -0.0039040895644575357, -0.008538634516298771, 0.020175648853182793, 0.01951747201383114, -0.05356915295124054, 0.02833888866007328, 0.0432196706533432, 0.011655175127089024, 0.017682649195194244, 0.007442702539265156, -0.030980903655290604, 0.03664322942495346, -0.012700552120804787, 0.0017329019028693438, 0.00005683281415258534, -0.028054576367139816, -0.05215039104223251, -0.03428032621741295, -0.0425841398537159, 0.009174579754471779, 0.039880309253931046, 0.00966474786400795, 0.03021102212369442, 0.023448359221220016, -0.007249069400131702, 0.006203953176736832, -0.020384401082992554, 0.0031270887702703476, -0.008888940326869488, 0.009906517341732979, 0.03801357001066208, -0.032084617763757706, -0.02786344289779663, 0.03946980461478233, 0.03203689306974411, -0.01392241008579731, 0.006691385991871357, -0.016344623640179634, 0.02530442178249359, 0.03698716312646866, -0.0062567247077822685, -0.06158878654241562, 0.02786380797624588, -0.06423623114824295, -0.00902330968528986, -0.002540507586672902, -0.04545553773641586, 0.010205306112766266, 0.04917364940047264, -0.02694150246679783, -0.041971221566200256, 0.01720944419503212, -0.013495604507625103, -0.023984329774975777, 0.0170686487108469, -0.036836594343185425, 0.029510773718357086, -0.0028155238833278418, 0.019965915009379387, -0.010305981151759624, 0.004267058335244656, -0.018955077975988388, -0.054864440113306046, -0.033727940171957016, -0.0676754042506218, -0.03545387461781502, 0.008642541244626045, 0.0187627412378788, -0.01896660029888153, 0.08219257742166519, -0.05122122913599014, 0.03654890134930611, 0.05188983306288719, 0.055213477462530136, 0.0017655371921136975, 0.03900013118982315, 0.018245812505483627, -0.0045565394684672356, -0.00555272726342082, -0.03209524601697922, 0.13901084661483765, 0.0934925526380539, -0.009617545641958714, -0.056615546345710754, 0.03420238941907883, 0.04966162145137787, -0.021679366007447243, -0.021587876603007317, 0.012854075990617275, -0.017040027305483818, 0.0010281178401783109, 0.008912213146686554, 0.060453709214925766, 0.01284457091242075, 0.014722419902682304, 0.04901652783155441, -0.02765108458697796, 0.008028598502278328, 0.03800255060195923, 0.01810641773045063, -0.005773015785962343, -0.02159113995730877, -0.07067971676588058, 0.02157936617732048, -0.008068959228694439, -0.03470936417579651, -0.015073164366185665, 0.0063537596724927425, 0.02631760761141777, -0.019166016951203346, -0.021589500829577446, 0.05795272812247276, 0.0008942819549702108, -0.0014813721645623446, 0.0070340922102332115, 0.030968770384788513, -0.0009053205139935017, -0.0003587616665754467, 0.009249945171177387, 0.039890702813863754, -0.004256561864167452, -0.006523563992232084, -0.00348037201911211, -0.02221173793077469, -0.056838687509298325, -0.07486722618341446, -0.051095813512802124, 0.04233592003583908, -0.001199347898364067, -0.01895013637840748, 0.005587819032371044, 0.006341573782265186, -0.010314948856830597, -0.041558049619197845, 0.00007133380131563172, -0.01632271148264408, 0.03476386144757271, 0.0019153528846800327, 0.004245423246175051, -0.010830414481461048, 0.006684338673949242, -0.007110631093382835, 0.014941663481295109, 0.004146910738199949, -0.021149327978491783, 0.0012256958289071918, -0.010904046706855297, 0.060422636568546295, 0.021229570731520653, 0.002112517599016428, 0.02159234881401062, -0.019936643540859222, -0.052396390587091446, -0.021236399188637733, -0.012536936439573765, 0.0019591343589127064, 0.04715898633003235, 0.000340377475367859, -0.009998006746172905, -0.0255740974098444, -0.04490771144628525, 0.01581374555826187, -0.03773780167102814, -0.006511689629405737, -0.028101380914449692, -0.0072318874299526215, 0.023941757157444954, 0.02871781401336193, 0.010998712852597237, -0.03310754895210266, -0.014847428537905216, 0.030318155884742737, 0.02430209144949913, -0.010819918476045132, -0.021292520686984062, -0.03031669184565544, 0.009902823716402054, 0.04372633248567581, 0.018117737025022507, 0.08057200163602829, 0.033732280135154724, -0.0056208400055766106, -0.034003645181655884, 0.03623250499367714, 0.007469994015991688, -0.0037768243346363306, 0.02083231694996357, -0.06025633588433266, 0.005375594832003117, 0.010728553868830204, -0.023472702130675316, -0.04108009114861488, -0.02009831741452217, -0.02087031491100788, -0.013484019786119461, -0.017097577452659607, 0.018911806866526604, -0.03158395364880562, 0.002480654511600733, -0.018800225108861923, 0.050424035638570786, -0.030290961265563965, -0.029226239770650864, -0.03746022656559944, 0.0022797766141593456, -0.025455236434936523, -0.00555158406496048, -0.0069753616116940975, 0.05074739828705788, -0.01059810258448124, 0.032203346490859985, 0.04739672690629959, 0.048560310155153275, 0.001684908987954259, -0.022567670792341232, -0.037304360419511795, 0.00015023989544715732, 0.012253917753696442, -0.03815307840704918, -0.04343440383672714, 0.057684276252985, -0.05783083662390709, -0.0119209885597229, 0.02842111699283123, 0.011869500391185284, 0.01750529557466507, 0.015471430495381355, -0.004897009581327438, -0.003590282052755356, 0.033076535910367966, -0.04240155592560768, -0.014845222234725952, -0.016521893441677094, -0.009964968077838421, -0.025920137763023376, -0.0037699665408581495, 0.004851983860135078, 0.018334034830331802, 0.011820396408438683, 0.04316311702132225, 0.014370093122124672, -0.016821041703224182, -0.020431751385331154, 0.016008486971259117, 0.004551493562757969, 0.014567854814231396, 0.016220025718212128, -0.010428114794194698, 0.02248956635594368, 0.03232981637120247, -0.02239418588578701, 0.010974260978400707, -0.013370174914598465, 0.0024191944394260645, -0.08960599452257156, 0.00571107305586338, -0.033976174890995026, -0.017617711797356606, 0.056149858981370926, -0.07643600553274155, 0.012218773365020752, 0.025013748556375504, -0.03531438112258911, 0.03293853998184204, -0.019810395315289497, -0.009725668467581272, 0.0012752072652801871, 0.027577603235840797, -0.03801092877984047, -0.009693166241049767, 0.059839170426130295, 0.029988795518875122, 0.013326426967978477, 0.010503708384931087, -0.016742682084441185, -0.027456631883978844, -0.006255434826016426, -0.007623364683240652, 0.019690338522195816, -0.054302066564559937, 0.02326502464711666, -0.030498851090669632, -0.05225978419184685, 0.029757177457213402, -0.04342418164014816, -0.018151024356484413, 0.012102599255740643, 0.021969765424728394, 0.01751638390123844, 0.04690953344106674, 0.009537296369671822, -0.026423323899507523, 0.042212504893541336, -0.03391488641500473, -0.009507461450994015, 0.02599867433309555, 0.0128222880885005, 0.016482220962643623, 0.01879088021814823, -0.029390348121523857, -0.04270485043525696, 0.020470520481467247, 0.006278498563915491, -0.04945337772369385, -0.024749647825956345, 0.016629088670015335, -0.012075691483914852, -0.026031073182821274, 0.007374717853963375, -0.008486962877213955, -0.009992493316531181, 0.0006727877771481872, 0.015236476436257362, -0.030550919473171234, -0.011127669364213943, 0.006774916313588619, -0.014516802504658699, 0.009961915202438831, 0.01003627572208643, -0.010128898546099663, -0.07124510407447815, -0.031140856444835663, -0.009704053401947021, 0.017405318096280098, -0.0012721273815259337, 0.0010014134459197521, -0.01480251643806696, 0.02595718950033188, -0.03301684185862541, 0.017805740237236023, -0.007743758149445057, -0.026635004207491875, 0.030460944399237633, -0.08557937294244766, 0.04180510342121124, 0.03608779236674309, 0.0012023882009088993, -0.043140191584825516, 0.014054141007363796, -0.02777554653584957, 0.004472498316317797, 0.04457256197929382, 0.016254344955086708, -0.008305045776069164, -0.017312834039330482, 0.02202216535806656, 0.020269718021154404, -0.019013769924640656, 0.03350106254220009, -0.0547991581261158, 0.034192319959402084, -0.011986100114881992, -0.028074610978364944, -0.014352135360240936, 0.04344362020492554, 0.0030141673050820827, -0.021838007494807243, 0.020912375301122665, 0.004879843909293413, -0.023532135412096977, 0.03435252606868744, 0.010047991760075092, -0.012722398154437542, 0.045852936804294586, 0.009183652698993683, 0.06634531915187836, 0.03253498673439026, 0.01224020030349493, -0.025295386090874672, 0.03265692666172981, -0.02432456612586975, -0.02421852946281433, -0.02625340223312378, -0.020761527121067047, 0.0020682080648839474, -0.0505615770816803, -0.031226998195052147, 0.057753708213567734, -0.03987976536154747, 0.005490071605890989, 0.058755967766046524, 0.000736685236915946, 0.02820751629769802, 0.013733009807765484, 0.014533084817230701, 0.026471469551324844, -0.005008853040635586, 0.015210012905299664, 0.03051247075200081, 0.021201007068157196, -0.013590777292847633, -0.0028751534409821033, 0.002027557697147131, 0.0019135347101837397, 0.024975905194878578, 0.006816923152655363, 0.04941016435623169, 0.014278633520007133, -0.014824031852185726, 0.02298007905483246, -0.034248948097229004, 0.024788299575448036, 0.018085548654198647, -0.004312959033995867, 0.016489120200276375, -0.028131188824772835, 0.01589401625096798, -0.02242690697312355, -0.03898816555738449, -0.03514483943581581, 0.039354052394628525, 0.014997966587543488, 0.05059661343693733, -0.018160397186875343, 0.003942640032619238, -0.01688317023217678, -0.016582323238253593, 0.026037808507680893, -0.08521592617034912, 0.04585472121834755, 0.017643364146351814, 0.006991103291511536, 0.012798109091818333, -0.012687476351857185, -0.02420835942029953, -0.04624971002340317, 0.004209558479487896, 0.04484814777970314, -0.0005346327088773251, 0.00836467370390892, -0.01763886585831642, 0.01715826243162155, 0.01720716431736946, -0.03600442036986351, -0.017377737909555435, -0.02385178580880165, 0.009378285147249699, 0.0029175453819334507, 0.002534123370423913 ]
<p>Basically I'm trying to fit garch(1,1) model with arima order from auto.arima</p> <pre><code>&gt; assign(paste("spec.ret.fin.",colnames(base.name[1]),sep=""), + ugarchspec(variance.model = list(model = "fGARCH", garchOrder = c(1, 1), + submodel = "GARCH", external.regressors = NULL, variance.targeting = FALSE), + mean.model = list(armaOrder = c(2,3,4), include.mean = TRUE, archm = FALSE, + archpow = 1, arfima = FALSE, external.regressors = NULL, archex = FALSE), + distribution.model = "norm", start.pars = list(), fixed.pars = list())) </code></pre> <p>This gives the following result:</p> <blockquote> <p>spec.ret.fin.chn</p> </blockquote> <pre><code>*---------------------------------* * GARCH Model Spec * *---------------------------------* Conditional Variance Dynamics ------------------------------------ GARCH Model : fGARCH(1,1) fGARCH Sub-Model : GARCH Variance Targeting : FALSE Conditional Mean Dynamics ------------------------------------ Mean Model : ARFIMA(2,0,3) Include Mean : TRUE GARCH-in-Mean : FALSE Conditional Distribution ------------------------------------ Distribution : norm Includes Skew : FALSE Includes Shape : FALSE Includes Lambda : FALSE </code></pre> <p>But the same code with <code>arfima=TRUE</code> gives</p> <blockquote> <p>spec.ret.fin.chn</p> </blockquote> <pre><code>*---------------------------------* * GARCH Model Spec * *---------------------------------* Conditional Variance Dynamics ------------------------------------ GARCH Model : fGARCH(1,1) fGARCH Sub-Model : GARCH Variance Targeting : FALSE Conditional Mean Dynamics ------------------------------------ Mean Model : ARFIMA(2,d,3) Include Mean : TRUE GARCH-in-Mean : FALSE Conditional Distribution ------------------------------------ Distribution : norm Includes Skew : FALSE Includes Shape : FALSE Includes Lambda : FALSE </code></pre> <p>How does one replace that <code>d</code> with the integration order (d) of the arima?</p>
36,791
[ -0.02044523134827614, 0.0300246961414814, -0.014234201051294804, -0.006449015811085701, 0.03379341959953308, -0.003137982450425625, -0.01993865892291069, -0.014930382370948792, 0.04013433679938316, -0.01852915994822979, 0.018030256032943726, 0.030470971018075943, 0.06285738945007324, 0.018694665282964706, 0.0013400983298197389, 0.0018000034615397453, 0.005738960113376379, 0.005399724468588829, 0.004972199909389019, -0.03523639962077141, -0.029967647045850754, 0.035198282450437546, -0.03392444923520088, 0.0004233600338920951, -0.016450513154268265, 0.05843644216656685, 0.03878521919250488, -0.0010929640848189592, 0.025308704003691673, 0.06705132126808167, -0.07180977612733841, -0.0066082370467484, -0.012696174904704094, 0.02332889288663864, 0.0157429501414299, 0.02960248664021492, 0.047213394194841385, -0.04497544467449188, 0.015701934695243835, 0.05469943583011627, -0.0165396761149168, 0.013902829959988594, -0.014881705865263939, 0.013876570388674736, -0.008918000385165215, 0.012970872223377228, -0.032176438719034195, 0.027408264577388763, 0.06887216120958328, -0.0011390938889235258, 0.06774711608886719, -0.031243018805980682, 0.011949373409152031, 0.03259154036641121, -0.02959381602704525, 0.0003862747980747372, 0.05705828219652176, 0.05394715443253517, -0.00832493044435978, -0.03739011287689209, -0.020616130903363228, -0.018144818022847176, 0.018321705982089043, -0.04976951703429222, -0.03456048667430878, 0.010102025233209133, 0.04164430499076843, -0.010838493704795837, 0.0360289067029953, -0.0023857958149164915, 0.031903088092803955, -0.012711315415799618, 0.0021440854761749506, -0.0433511808514595, 0.05104219913482666, -0.015586570836603642, -0.0052214027382433414, 0.003816058859229088, 0.02996799536049366, 0.017862046137452126, 0.010891404002904892, 0.0440949909389019, 0.02034805342555046, -0.014628006145358086, 0.013517583720386028, 0.014151611365377903, 0.04695704206824303, -0.020027872174978256, 0.03541604429483414, 0.034347373992204666, -0.025935756042599678, 0.0027907362673431635, 0.053658172488212585, -0.003373516723513603, -0.019527994096279144, 0.0380619540810585, -0.025527924299240112, 0.042853500694036484, -0.002478215377777815, -0.01726788654923439, -0.023162847384810448, -0.03263077512383461, 0.024251438677310944, 0.02978055365383625, -0.01197203528136015, 0.014868931844830513, 0.015963556244969368, -0.04159979149699211, -0.017591631039977074, -0.03694551810622215, -0.03382482752203941, 0.028428466990590096, -0.057770851999521255, -0.012601177208125591, 0.04691601172089577, -0.038047563284635544, -0.01597491279244423, -0.015680192038416862, 0.033488888293504715, 0.04443618282675743, 0.050136543810367584, 0.026125537231564522, 0.006567806471139193, -0.01758296974003315, -0.04892570525407791, -0.017572924494743347, -0.0010609871242195368, -0.011156821623444557, -0.06094937399029732, 0.03746066614985466, -0.010385357774794102, -0.014668956398963928, 0.0036080977879464626, -0.027531545609235764, 0.03743801265954971, -0.02944447286427021, -0.0980125442147255, -0.061335429549217224, 0.04623602703213692, 0.008123571053147316, 0.04595666378736496, -0.03571440279483795, 0.02009080909192562, 0.01664728671312332, 0.05047455430030823, -0.009226626716554165, 0.040267832577228546, 0.032765720039606094, -0.002801382914185524, -0.031334713101387024, -0.026991894468665123, 0.012881148606538773, -0.02251020260155201, 0.021868303418159485, -0.03423992171883583, -0.06111079081892967, 0.011132541112601757, 0.013783121481537819, -0.024468552321195602, 0.007653756998479366, 0.019807076081633568, 0.020484663546085358, 0.02852584794163704, -0.036041807383298874, -0.01378658227622509, -0.03593887388706207, 0.058728720992803574, -0.001753811608068645, -0.016695469617843628, 0.023419653996825218, -0.04241495579481125, -0.021633563563227654, -0.007825690321624279, 0.02862095832824707, 0.08339103311300278, -0.039166949689388275, -0.022803714498877525, -0.025449080392718315, -0.01983916386961937, 0.05475952476263046, -0.025433624163269997, -0.041239961981773376, -0.0070328619331121445, -0.03612193092703819, 0.009776521474123001, -0.007319069467484951, -0.0003676670021377504, -0.006722318008542061, 0.03837108239531517, -0.0666235014796257, -0.0249208752065897, -0.04183909296989441, -0.010881545953452587, -0.03166671097278595, -0.003417119849473238, -0.015558110550045967, 0.00907970778644085, 0.07016313076019287, 0.052825868129730225, -0.03346980735659599, 0.0031140893697738647, -0.022854866459965706, 0.054192859679460526, -0.03688972443342209, 0.009277189150452614, 0.022667938843369484, 0.02365889400243759, -0.04531627148389816, 0.03512798622250557, -0.011797086335718632, 0.023464562371373177, 0.015328197740018368, -0.03101191483438015, 0.018079303205013275, 0.007412751205265522, -0.001439818530343473, 0.0143606411293149, 0.02818751521408558, 0.0009765377035364509, 0.026731977239251137, -0.029366998001933098, 0.017042165622115135, 0.05718124285340309, 0.010701563209295273, 0.0010688269976526499, 0.028802869841456413, 0.010408367030322552, 0.05390103533864021, -0.03781692683696747, 0.009210490621626377, 0.003062285017222166, -0.012989663518965244, 0.05323635786771774, 0.03883295878767967, -0.011929457075893879, 0.0026183300651609898, 0.08458706736564636, 0.0024635863956063986, 0.015278033912181854, 0.039959490299224854, -0.0005347778787836432, -0.026763703674077988, 0.018640555441379547, 0.007091096136718988, 0.022509563714265823, -0.002634932054206729, 0.035378213971853256, -0.005485272966325283, 0.039872508496046066, 0.01775488443672657, -0.003921052906662226, 0.06091012433171272, 0.015596558339893818, 0.009025687351822853, -0.005971453618258238, -0.042803697288036346, 0.07540838420391083, -0.003404166316613555, 0.013569502159953117, 0.05129275470972061, 0.0034252749755978584, -0.026434961706399918, 0.028017349541187286, -0.007067347411066294, -0.0003688522265292704, 0.018779844045639038, -0.04461442679166794, -0.025320176035165787, 0.018110482022166252, -0.023651370778679848, -0.01093620527535677, -0.003928614314645529, -0.03375063091516495, -0.061803627759218216, 0.005801606923341751, 0.009308164939284325, 0.0010644812136888504, 0.0108127910643816, -0.035314321517944336, -0.01987687684595585, 0.005473640281707048, 0.009054448455572128, 0.050374604761600494, -0.020654544234275818, -0.029946772381663322, 0.035267699509859085, -0.019319675862789154, 0.00676132645457983, 0.002962371800094843, -0.0021846622694283724, -0.01325631607323885, 0.026568787172436714, -0.002221041126176715, -0.0454728789627552, -0.03342755511403084, -0.016318930312991142, -0.0059263561852276325, -0.038152847439050674, -0.01859818398952484, 0.02293318323791027, 0.03264222666621208, -0.05003182217478752, 0.0019044112414121628, -0.0759613886475563, 0.007544137071818113, -0.02161175198853016, -0.00725117651745677, -0.008298387750983238, -0.014645521529018879, 0.06843992322683334, 0.04311082139611244, -0.011297617107629776, -0.016702746972441673, -0.05011908710002899, -0.034914467483758926, 0.0069574168883264065, 0.005206655710935593, 0.005279674660414457, 0.005731707904487848, 0.005840246565639973, 0.03150041028857231, 0.05875401571393013, -0.046723730862140656, -0.05868323892354965, -0.0062212455086410046, 0.021243419498205185, -0.053433679044246674, 0.04562622681260109, 0.04798906296491623, 0.004493385087698698, -0.01148209162056446, -0.0023707973305135965, 0.04466596245765686, 0.02375134453177452, -0.015222208574414253, -0.006848810240626335, 0.008923911489546299, -0.04592812433838844, -0.005477322731167078, 0.03095339424908161, 0.00624321261420846, 0.01763029210269451, 0.0021439511328935623, -0.007923289202153683, 0.029156289994716644, -0.003729723859578371, -0.04250342771410942, 0.023971350863575935, -0.005027168896049261, 0.013430321589112282, -0.04984855279326439, 0.023420581594109535, 0.016968751326203346, -0.04051540419459343, -0.014995474368333817, 0.007598466705530882, 0.029149362817406654, -0.003741065738722682, 0.022427424788475037, 0.07594054192304611, 0.02647884003818035, -0.01052150223404169, 0.01044518779963255, -0.012011981569230556, -0.02511083520948887, 0.0119502367451787, -0.013347548432648182, -0.009009297005832195, 0.010025096125900745, 0.031926341354846954, -0.005433807149529457, 0.01842326670885086, -0.03414194658398628, 0.007243058178573847, -0.03216997906565666, 0.02082202583551407, -0.029186803847551346, 0.05429254472255707, 0.028396006673574448, 0.04762239009141922, 0.024504270404577255, 0.014959145337343216, 0.02098139561712742, 0.0016437130980193615, -0.05098000913858414, 0.06260354816913605, 0.02478574775159359, -0.020252423360943794, -0.004584616050124168, -0.013743399642407894, 0.02078627049922943, -0.020373446866869926, 0.019607044756412506, -0.003682782407850027, -0.0242737028747797, -0.03056899458169937, 0.0369967482984066, -0.012712027877569199, -0.019851017743349075, 0.022899344563484192, -0.018186520785093307, 0.06701474636793137, 0.001509392517618835, 0.0520392507314682, 0.02111426182091236, 0.0005112393409945071, -0.00816075038164854, -0.049244195222854614, 0.05129742994904518, 0.04403098300099373, 0.09162595868110657, 0.04540518298745155, 0.0008896002545952797, -0.05671814829111099, 0.013453811407089233, 0.015705380588769913, 0.01107738260179758, 0.06741455942392349, -0.022261373698711395, 0.01851930096745491, -0.015037860721349716, -0.051082853227853775, 0.028860339894890785, -0.041556186974048615, -0.018582018092274666, 0.008029313758015633, 0.06365734338760376, 0.008890471421182156, 0.008687064051628113, -0.006698453798890114, 0.060514263808727264, 0.035366591066122055, -0.010843043215572834, -0.058316610753536224, -0.050084080547094345, -0.0012153265997767448, 0.02416556514799595, 0.025841515511274338, -0.015967125073075294, -0.03783635422587395, 0.02665823884308338, 0.019672304391860962, -0.03116018883883953, -0.009382289834320545, -0.019124506041407585, 0.04410027340054512, 0.035512227565050125, -0.0023259299341589212, -0.03592337667942047, -0.00406636344268918, 0.018501028418540955, 0.011943438090384007, 0.04065275937318802, 0.01251119002699852, -0.10263598710298538, -0.003649304388090968, 0.03762122243642807, 0.010915873572230339, -0.02304464392364025, -0.021506788209080696, -0.030214950442314148, -0.014420323073863983, 0.014369715005159378, -0.03119475021958351, 0.038569606840610504, -0.02738005481660366, 0.018993694335222244, 0.011317248456180096, -0.0632394328713417, -0.0444570928812027, -0.006574877072125673, -0.01811942458152771, -0.01872696913778782, -0.05060538649559021, -0.05602826550602913, -0.020836524665355682, -0.026430398225784302, 0.011509380303323269, 0.012116196565330029, -0.02462250553071499, 0.006177965551614761, 0.008789665065705776, 0.043045323342084885, 0.0002802551898639649, -0.031072132289409637, 0.02470511756837368, -0.0221705324947834, -0.0007526019471697509, 0.023787036538124084, 0.003435673424974084, -0.03282465040683746, 0.019001774489879608, 0.024912944063544273, 0.0029000365175306797, 0.005637810565531254, -0.0163884274661541, 0.04678267613053322, 0.019565045833587646, 0.00756038399413228, 0.05896163359284401, 0.021135440096259117, -0.013750964775681496, -0.0040453518740832806, -0.0836707204580307, 0.002284443937242031, -0.018995437771081924, -0.018876036629080772, -0.058342345058918, 0.008011473342776299, -0.04082449898123741, 0.012965843081474304, 0.02453409880399704, 0.052358366549015045, -0.0466884970664978, 0.016714338213205338, 0.050539348274469376, 0.015471707098186016, -0.01886437088251114, -0.011131633073091507, 0.006871526129543781, -0.0010498221963644028, -0.027114691212773323, 0.018283095210790634, 0.0030776814091950655, -0.02181578241288662, -0.03635691478848457, 0.029036523774266243, -0.02444884367287159, 0.007499980740249157, 0.039348822087049484, -0.006849254481494427, -0.00286854594014585, 0.009857975877821445, 0.004153810907155275, -0.02339540235698223, 0.040118977427482605, 0.03743811696767807, -0.014812362380325794, -0.020192895084619522, 0.011851225048303604, -0.019329730421304703, -0.022111624479293823, -0.0058377934619784355, 0.029279174283146858, -0.004401109647005796, -0.023881349712610245, -0.06882339715957642, -0.014388126321136951, 0.004924935754388571, -0.009153913706541061, -0.05282345041632652, -0.039634957909584045, -0.014357488602399826, -0.028873568400740623, 0.00800311379134655, -0.015419169329106808, 0.006782480515539646, 0.0005566575564444065, 0.007899019867181778, -0.003242350881919265, 0.02497321553528309, 0.05906009301543236, 0.003447440918534994, -0.017822137102484703, 0.02803417667746544, -0.02385908178985119, -0.041797153651714325, 0.014193488284945488, 0.011507405899465084, -0.01848463900387287, 0.020090710371732712, -0.01307934895157814, -0.012137721292674541, 0.055001258850097656, 0.024116547778248787, 0.012912619858980179, 0.01731593906879425, -0.005669781006872654, 0.06550171226263046, -0.06215432286262512, 0.001003167242743075, 0.012263400480151176, 0.015709010884165764, -0.02763788029551506, 0.011238962411880493, -0.015334862284362316, -0.038700029253959656, 0.02548062801361084, -0.06382925063371658, 0.018663734197616577, 0.03713911026716232, 0.10032811760902405, -0.005763075314462185, 0.006038525141775608, -0.017615612596273422, -0.001983581343665719, 0.047493722289800644, 0.018015118315815926, 0.024099096655845642, -0.01880599744617939, 0.00418215012177825, -0.01982872374355793, -0.02914419397711754, -0.02058309130370617, -0.012067683041095734, 0.059063006192445755, -0.0129789337515831, 0.05673530325293541, 0.008501104079186916, 0.010046643204987049, -0.0006026308401487768, -0.03426067903637886, 0.0010052290745079517, -0.022824279963970184, 0.015060982666909695, 0.09980464726686478, -0.009244234301149845, 0.019122665748000145, 0.04464380815625191, -0.03242845833301544, 0.021959921345114708, 0.05397834628820419, 0.04782675951719284, -0.03727274388074875, -0.0393889956176281, -0.0019803610630333424, -0.03463572636246681, 0.04477356746792793, -0.027581656351685524, 0.032457221299409866, -0.03870772197842598, -0.018038105219602585, 0.06596106290817261, 0.04038757085800171, -0.04748119041323662, -0.01097127515822649, -0.0027826467994600534, -0.03646598383784294, -0.000868597999215126, 0.03939928114414215, -0.02980106696486473, 0.017104191705584526, 0.0044411257840693, 0.06105198711156845, -0.0037623029202222824, 0.06334030628204346, -0.025555146858096123, -0.07552123069763184, -0.009893564507365227, -0.015481967478990555, -0.036026481539011, 0.04785521700978279, -0.022777479141950607, 0.0061080316081643105, 0.013711719773709774, -0.0025527956895530224, -0.0024448446929454803, -0.015771491453051567, -0.015477078966796398, 0.012792736291885376, 0.10541757941246033, -0.00668947072699666, 0.0062675015069544315, -0.023410329595208168, -0.03385405242443085, 0.14857695996761322, 0.06562966108322144, 0.05276692658662796, -0.06115381047129631, -0.0025132191367447376, 0.042601313441991806, -0.019665077328681946, 0.01558009721338749, -0.0036182564217597246, -0.003765042871236801, -0.01746734045445919, 0.03256245702505112, 0.06809686124324799, 0.019879205152392387, -0.018073424696922302, 0.017666267231106758, -0.02649671584367752, -0.0017364141531288624, -0.002763548633083701, 0.018769143149256706, -0.018671320751309395, -0.013193721882998943, -0.05577152967453003, 0.023257650434970856, 0.0029366794042289257, -0.02845301851630211, -0.06116913631558418, -0.020573938265442848, -0.009563696570694447, 0.03185540437698364, -0.012671397998929024, 0.023760348558425903, 0.00223797420039773, -0.007433414459228516, 0.009912579320371151, -0.0286420751363039, 0.01993960328400135, -0.01253236923366785, 0.01832471787929535, 0.014757536351680756, -0.026299934834241867, 0.022024530917406082, -0.014271724969148636, 0.005785280838608742, -0.027873609215021133, -0.02267620898783207, -0.024270089343190193, 0.02213301882147789, -0.001730882446281612, -0.057549603283405304, -0.01410752534866333, 0.004011136945337057, -0.0034828446805477142, -0.026079781353473663, 0.008722638711333275, 0.026981443166732788, 0.021199464797973633, -0.027151785790920258, -0.007538927253335714, -0.01026267558336258, 0.018581809476017952, -0.01546392124146223, 0.05570611730217934, 0.029270095750689507, -0.03941714018583298, 0.004381262697279453, -0.07145588099956512, 0.0563645139336586, -0.0371592752635479, 0.037848178297281265, 0.01806320622563362, -0.012444417923688889, -0.04020552709698677, -0.021444125100970268, 0.05233238637447357, -0.01195015013217926, 0.016747282817959785, -0.025882663205266, -0.014274239540100098, -0.016652991995215416, -0.002068247878924012, -0.01822458952665329, -0.019962018355727196, -0.02116066962480545, -0.050009626895189285, -0.006650829687714577, 0.02246212586760521, 0.018427373841404915, 0.023639068007469177, 0.014402463100850582, -0.05677759647369385, 0.05989886447787285, 0.005722568836063147, -0.03073478303849697, -0.055297549813985825, 0.02433028444647789, -0.028437087312340736, -0.004303924739360809, -0.010265070013701916, 0.043854970484972, 0.04784136265516281, 0.009451993741095066, -0.02047705464065075, 0.06351307034492493, -0.006477016489952803, -0.007935156114399433, 0.015712741762399673, -0.012044607661664486, 0.03402050957083702, 0.026146426796913147, 0.007921457290649414, -0.04179937392473221, -0.0026130350306630135, -0.0025219928938895464, -0.03818712383508682, 0.03309832513332367, -0.006599764339625835, -0.05026240646839142, 0.0432661697268486, -0.027211949229240417, 0.028119239956140518, -0.04849846661090851, 0.007788926362991333, -0.0020946322474628687, -0.012476298958063126, -0.01946433074772358, -0.03498212993144989, -0.0077256630174815655, 0.01930779032409191, -0.05061051622033119, 0.01765739917755127, 0.0448324978351593, -0.014237726107239723, 0.0018514655530452728, -0.014759250916540623, 0.030225109308958054, 0.00893373042345047, 0.012344364076852798, -0.015080100856721401, -0.014669987373054028, 0.025296131148934364, -0.0454794205725193, 0.007120425347238779, -0.0023899509105831385, -0.013358728028833866, 0.02087673917412758, -0.017456868663430214, -0.008341961540281773, -0.014003340154886246, 0.08002157509326935, -0.021929457783699036, 0.006264757364988327, -0.027990559116005898, 0.028556756675243378, 0.01840844750404358, 0.003094239393249154, -0.007441494148224592, 0.0068769617937505245, -0.011254716664552689, 0.002679705386981368, 0.041872862726449966, 0.004927519243210554, -0.013444614596664906, -0.005280449520796537, -0.012841877527534962, -0.030008740723133087, 0.000565924565307796, -0.056988637894392014, 0.001708814175799489, 0.017456835135817528, -0.02232395112514496, 0.02939699962735176, -0.04203587770462036, -0.0047910576686263084, -0.04356827586889267, -0.012646734714508057, -0.01686122454702854, -0.014204424805939198, 0.050048768520355225, -0.02505250833928585, -0.009436246007680893, 0.013594580814242363, -0.038801755756139755, -0.015223240479826927, 0.016440192237496376, 0.02608516812324524, 0.002124084159731865, 0.01986764371395111, -0.04723935201764107, 0.032032087445259094, 0.02501138485968113, -0.0016089470591396093, 0.03206457197666168, 0.015987295657396317, 0.002426743507385254, -0.02871955931186676, -0.03492540866136551, 0.021161478012800217, -0.003377606626600027, -0.029792992398142815, 0.04964466020464897, -0.045908715575933456, -0.010112403891980648, 0.010099959559738636, 0.021617185324430466, 0.00042062060674652457, 0.03008434735238552, 0.041977107524871826, 0.0315382219851017, 0.049294471740722656, 0.013213430531322956, 0.03601573780179024, 0.0016287193866446614, 0.01159693393856287, 0.04020802676677704, 0.017711758613586426, -0.033272884786129, 0.01864357851445675, 0.03698605298995972, -0.011289051733911037, 0.022090189158916473, -0.019373871386051178, -0.04458584263920784, 0.018202532082796097, -0.013144591823220253, -0.008359963074326515, -0.02697238139808178, -0.019756866618990898, -0.014034567400813103, 0.02438134327530861, 0.015939509496092796, 0.06815095990896225, 0.05755530670285225, -0.02415245771408081, 0.015744660049676895, -0.011844760738313198, -0.03443480283021927, 0.013835071586072445, 0.0033277797047048807, -0.018200451508164406, -0.016173092648386955, -0.0543910451233387, -0.006103954743593931, -0.01375102624297142, -0.04219331592321396, 0.002032181713730097, -0.04568715766072273, 0.03558570146560669, -0.04069182649254799, -0.010929854586720467, 0.023119503632187843, -0.027141164988279343, 0.029151663184165955, -0.10987240076065063, 0.03065049834549427, -0.009838057681918144, -0.040089309215545654, -0.041680578142404556, -0.0047008441761136055, -0.046786338090896606, 0.035014767199754715, 0.03340151160955429, 0.01785954087972641, 0.022043056786060333, 0.020112723112106323, 0.01757948286831379, 0.004862361121922731, -0.03004804439842701, 0.06341026723384857, 0.014656574465334415, -0.02518852986395359, 0.008744530379772186, -0.027898641303181648, -0.020830940455198288, 0.004394170828163624, 0.010546295903623104, -0.01772676594555378, -0.026346765458583832, 0.0033618847373872995, -0.020853271707892418, 0.014054629020392895, -0.0214883703738451, 0.004763531964272261, 0.03943255543708801, 0.002533666091039777, -0.022942563518881798, 0.08579804748296738, 0.023582007735967636, -0.08051817864179611, -0.002016443060711026, -0.04611360654234886, -0.0020885728299617767, -0.0001072651575668715, 0.043120309710502625, 0.011704737320542336, -0.04214208945631981, 0.03749106451869011, 0.04263664409518242, -0.03177907317876816, -0.007813720032572746, 0.027536697685718536, -0.00591434957459569, 0.04491862654685974, -0.0033814499620348215, -0.0018586594378575683, -0.017110934481024742, -0.02325602062046528, 0.01903119497001171, 0.0024304084945470095, 0.012924017384648323, -0.016287388280034065, -0.01850486360490322, 0.012088264338672161, -0.04918602481484413, 0.0009136409498751163, -0.03705177083611488, 0.029638193547725677, -0.047971755266189575, -0.04936791583895683, 0.007937014102935791, -0.016626618802547455, 0.015667401254177094, -0.019649870693683624, -0.0075196451507508755, 0.03465082496404648, -0.06230013817548752, 0.021518733352422714, 0.03880591318011284, -0.002420830074697733, -0.04288502410054207, 0.047486014664173126, -0.03431801125407219, 0.0015597953461110592, -0.04790280759334564, 0.023669064044952393, 0.011672071181237698, -0.025863250717520714, 0.014971558935940266, -0.0071696070954203606, -0.019104426726698875, 0.0021636143792420626, 0.012081073597073555, -0.01810464821755886, -0.001569462358020246, -0.030121557414531708, 0.0018224004888907075, -0.017574485391378403, -0.0068665556609630585, -0.018862195312976837, -0.03712821379303932, -0.01487884670495987, 0.0006276096100918949, 0.041023414582014084, -0.06515587121248245, -0.032844215631484985, -0.007820825092494488, -0.012079590000212193, 0.004734263755381107, -0.031735215336084366 ]
<p>Over at <a href="http://skeptics.stackexchange.com/a/11164/23">Skeptics.StackExchange</a>, an answer cites a study into electro-magnetic hypersensitivity:</p> <ul> <li>McCarty, Carrubba, Chesson, Frilot, Gonzalez-Toledo &amp; Marino, <a href="http://www.national-toxic-encephalopathy-foundation.org/lsustudy.pdf" rel="nofollow">Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity: Evidence for a Novel Neurological Syndrome</a> International Journal of Neuroscience, 00, 1–7, 2011, DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.608139.</li> </ul> <p>I am dubious about some of the statistics used, and would appreciate some expertise in double-checking that they are used appropriately.</p> <p>Figure 5a shows the results of a subject attempting to detect when an electromagnetic field generator was turned on.</p> <p>Here is a simplified version:</p> <pre><code> Actual: Yes No Detected: Yes 32 19 No 261 274 </code></pre> <p>They claim to have used a chi-squared test, and found significance (p &lt; 0.05, without stating what p is.)</p> <blockquote> <p>The frequencies of the somatic and behavioral responses in the presence and absence of the field were evaluated using the chi-square test (2 × 2 tables) or the Freeman–Halton extension of the Fisher exact probability test (2 × 3 tables; Freeman &amp; Halton, 1951).</p> </blockquote> <p>I see several problems. </p> <ul> <li><p>They excluded some of the data - see Table 5b - where they left the device off for long periods. I cannot see the justification in separating that data.</p></li> <li><p>They seem to be claiming the result is statistically significant when the actual device was on, but not when it wasn't. (I may be misreading this; it isn't clear.) That's not a result that the chi-squared test can give, is it? </p></li> <li><p>When I have tried to reproduce this test with an <a href="http://graphpad.com/quickcalcs/contingency1/" rel="nofollow">on-line calculator</a> I have found it to be statistically insignificant.</p></li> </ul> <p><em>This is my real question:</em> Am I right in saying this?: <strong>A two-tailed, chi-squared test using Fisher's Exact Test is the right way to analyze this data AND it is NOT statistically significant.</strong></p>
36,794
[ -0.04565006494522095, -0.03153982758522034, 0.0004945826367475092, -0.06770099699497223, 0.056966930627822876, -0.009726372547447681, -0.01011140551418066, -0.025330282747745514, 0.01901272125542164, -0.023200538009405136, 0.05696580559015274, 0.03769633546471596, 0.06396690756082535, 0.0012269802391529083, 0.004514715634286404, 0.01746372878551483, 0.02014395408332348, 0.036029551178216934, 0.014659625478088856, -0.01635129563510418, 0.020641092211008072, 0.024571016430854797, -0.02271827682852745, 0.005298610311001539, -0.03450976312160492, 0.027875564992427826, 0.01738860085606575, -0.027767539024353027, -0.021041058003902435, 0.03450704738497734, -0.08290159702301025, -0.03724455460906029, 0.015413508750498295, -0.04524289071559906, 0.012694657780230045, -0.00994181353598833, 0.006139527074992657, -0.012164278887212276, 0.014958326704800129, 0.009488310664892197, 0.03870933875441551, 0.007145784329622984, 0.00841306708753109, 0.06703192740678787, -0.04032145440578461, -0.01741742715239525, -0.03196118026971817, -0.004250833299010992, 0.01172337494790554, -0.0213711429387331, 0.06879033148288727, -0.04156683757901192, 0.036058902740478516, -0.03819167986512184, 0.008981088176369667, 0.0015778099186718464, 0.05971114709973335, 0.03802580386400223, -0.006559887435287237, -0.11625977605581284, -0.043262775987386703, -0.008426055312156677, -0.02040407806634903, -0.04345003142952919, -0.054478827863931656, 0.02533617988228798, 0.037930332124233246, -0.021101349964737892, 0.037256889045238495, -0.018156034871935844, 0.04036824777722359, 0.009547059424221516, -0.009316840209066868, -0.00193294498603791, 0.001660448731854558, -0.015998581424355507, -0.019002433866262436, 0.01847398281097412, -0.00025219382951036096, 0.059231944382190704, -0.030554214492440224, -0.01999889500439167, -0.0019929069094359875, 0.014766477048397064, 0.03501877933740616, -0.01931297592818737, 0.062174804508686066, -0.017681585624814034, 0.02527996152639389, 0.01080135628581047, -0.030327245593070984, 0.03503189980983734, 0.017718974500894547, 0.01001579500734806, -0.051032960414886475, 0.020468905568122864, 0.0018603663193061948, 0.059470150619745255, -0.0027790088206529617, -0.034625593572854996, -0.019694272428750992, -0.004996202886104584, 0.03068096935749054, 0.04063660651445389, -0.011061898432672024, -0.03242740035057068, 0.011424084194004536, 0.019794799387454987, -0.027400033548474312, -0.034770093858242035, -0.01415651198476553, 0.05291949212551117, 0.02191222459077835, 0.0016291096108034253, 0.0018785251304507256, 0.010563792660832405, -0.01078719086945057, -0.021810270845890045, 0.04936182126402855, 0.05360547453165054, 0.029383065178990364, -0.02586187608540058, -0.02654949761927128, -0.044995445758104324, 0.01046051736921072, -0.02842019312083721, 0.01535292062908411, 0.02705913782119751, -0.03100993111729622, 0.014840605668723583, 0.006650145165622234, -0.0004459077899809927, 0.05355020985007286, 0.0038559974636882544, 0.02556685358285904, -0.0155863668769598, -0.07964637875556946, -0.053233299404382706, 0.05296739190816879, -0.0006286966381594539, 0.01345495879650116, -0.060458842664957047, -0.030721483752131462, 0.0394204780459404, 0.05173460766673088, 0.0008689737878739834, 0.010954109951853752, -0.019906776025891304, 0.07316245883703232, 0.00683464715257287, -0.021962523460388184, 0.005097028333693743, -0.03254488483071327, -0.01929875649511814, -0.023218179121613503, -0.058965764939785004, 0.040124427527189255, 0.028162753209471703, -0.03207937255501747, 0.0003335948567837477, 0.0062337592244148254, 0.014681912027299404, -0.003951654303818941, -0.02036486193537712, -0.01601598411798477, -0.019200611859560013, 0.0855640321969986, -0.0006198490737006068, -0.023752199485898018, 0.017553258687257767, -0.04212791100144386, 0.07483355700969696, 0.021614616736769676, 0.003650027560070157, 0.03999333828687668, -0.038317594677209854, 0.03270065039396286, -0.0194703359156847, 0.015742801129817963, -0.01363098993897438, -0.07992202043533325, 0.02299865335226059, -0.013781366869807243, -0.015220875851809978, 0.01443122886121273, 0.059398334473371506, -0.009477939456701279, -0.04034404084086418, 0.04614800214767456, -0.041971832513809204, -0.03787993639707565, -0.02270035445690155, 0.00843608658760786, -0.02976435050368309, -0.0602702721953392, 0.005678010638803244, -0.029116326943039894, 0.029086505994200706, -0.04897703602910042, -0.0003243987448513508, 0.01795678399503231, 0.008301541209220886, 0.0458962619304657, -0.012842793948948383, -0.011821814812719822, 0.03876076266169548, 0.0063623604364693165, -0.004149831365793943, 0.02475636452436447, -0.05547860264778137, -0.0553940124809742, 0.01853524148464203, -0.01962599717080593, 0.041142139583826065, 0.04181598126888275, -0.005888817831873894, 0.019135084003210068, -0.0012386661255732179, -0.017373889684677124, 0.04807232692837715, -0.02375316247344017, 0.0474318265914917, 0.0060127717442810535, -0.020117681473493576, 0.0126553475856781, 0.001566608902066946, 0.01712050475180149, -0.012277408502995968, -0.012536036781966686, 0.0008600066066719592, -0.09832549840211868, 0.00663441326469183, 0.06375584006309509, 0.03406353294849396, 0.0027165019419044256, 0.029061757028102875, -0.01380050927400589, 0.050474412739276886, 0.009217039681971073, 0.014450258575379848, 0.003348403610289097, -0.08350995182991028, 0.0233138520270586, 0.018632376566529274, -0.02918849140405655, 0.008490879088640213, 0.027669893577694893, -0.014132778160274029, 0.014170183800160885, 0.026399103924632072, 0.0033797863870859146, 0.05424150824546814, -0.036329351365566254, 0.0023568894248455763, -0.01005065068602562, -0.010386559180915356, 0.022907668724656105, -0.004519566427916288, 0.023274805396795273, 0.0016549185384064913, -0.009712656028568745, 0.028941679745912552, -0.018104739487171173, -0.03720218688249588, -0.017861953005194664, -0.006492896471172571, -0.05069015920162201, 0.014097413048148155, 0.019819295033812523, -0.04195080325007439, -0.024520335718989372, -0.03937704861164093, -0.005420702509582043, -0.01052485778927803, -0.011235433630645275, 0.008107873611152172, 0.02843153476715088, 0.02280808985233307, -0.042758289724588394, 0.03147583827376366, 0.0102281728759408, -0.014138661324977875, 0.010444914922118187, 0.015594735741615295, -0.036166563630104065, -0.028571320697665215, -0.04489857330918312, 0.0041014631278812885, 0.055779315531253815, -0.014987059868872166, -0.03519289195537567, 0.0417892150580883, -0.00522978138178587, -0.04743480309844017, -0.006802263204008341, -0.0214614849537611, -0.010931023396551609, 0.013474686071276665, -0.0327707938849926, 0.05266083404421806, -0.00015978999726939946, -0.04272710531949997, 0.05131864920258522, -0.010110890492796898, 0.0038985845167189837, 0.03514861315488815, -0.014496222138404846, -0.005879147909581661, 0.006488855462521315, 0.02568698860704899, -0.00858377292752266, -0.04395737126469612, -0.028571458533406258, -0.06482405215501785, -0.07089659571647644, 0.003785876790061593, -0.007685328368097544, 0.06920848786830902, 0.005701341200619936, -0.02763289213180542, 0.054284483194351196, 0.03233965113759041, -0.00731305219233036, -0.02162647806107998, 0.0009387150639668107, -0.026957351714372635, -0.03461151570081711, -0.0011799398344010115, 0.0496533028781414, 0.011939356103539467, 0.010815948247909546, -0.011148396879434586, 0.03686737269163132, 0.01835615187883377, 0.0026254323311150074, -0.019650638103485107, 0.03191733360290527, -0.013600426726043224, -0.014303933829069138, 0.04161720722913742, 0.021905796602368355, -0.005545519292354584, 0.025363115593791008, 0.006772332824766636, 0.04302871599793434, -0.022882552817463875, -0.017795532941818237, 0.026661831885576248, -0.019635537639260292, 0.010948428884148598, -0.028284864500164986, 0.03879759460687637, 0.014996716752648354, -0.026487812399864197, -0.022978655993938446, 0.019541490823030472, 0.0024104085750877857, 0.0010680259438231587, 0.01947827637195587, 0.031435903161764145, 0.0385507233440876, 0.0003554094582796097, -0.035839930176734924, 0.003223307663574815, -0.00876366626471281, 0.0019953951705247164, -0.03284044936299324, -0.02141062542796135, 0.00681218272075057, 0.04841504245996475, 0.04152318090200424, 0.006745734717696905, 0.0013483093352988362, -0.017254898324608803, -0.022440075874328613, 0.012477213516831398, -0.047335851937532425, 0.014841163530945778, -0.016185598447918892, 0.009409299120306969, -0.00032097502844408154, -0.04533286392688751, -0.06233905255794525, 0.01984279789030552, -0.08938056230545044, 0.015885191038250923, -0.017114998772740364, -0.017797891050577164, 0.003234255127608776, -0.02354244515299797, -0.013459514826536179, 0.005358923226594925, 0.022245202213525772, -0.021812234073877335, 0.03463766351342201, -0.05927637964487076, 0.04158942028880119, 0.003755888668820262, -0.0025812021922320127, -0.043130893260240555, 0.011205445043742657, 0.013780858367681503, -0.008567715995013714, -0.008773855865001678, -0.011256828904151917, 0.010610351338982582, 0.014351040124893188, -0.002177013549953699, 0.0007648975006304681, 0.016333259642124176, 0.030503474175930023, -0.00987243466079235, -0.007196987513452768, -0.046427175402641296, 0.0003166123933624476, -0.003473962191492319, -0.0016761582810431719, 0.059825971722602844, 0.0033705481328070164, -0.05888430029153824, -0.027690010145306587, -0.007762899622321129, -0.023430388420820236, 0.05925274267792702, 0.0319034717977047, 0.03557398542761803, 0.036434851586818695, -0.008691820316016674, 0.004888148978352547, 0.007841510698199272, 0.011303240433335304, 0.008518120273947716, -0.015421692281961441, -0.03136714547872543, -0.04143790528178215, -0.03291557729244232, 0.003038876224309206, 0.030892105773091316, 0.028512179851531982, -0.0009949011728167534, -0.016369067132472992, 0.03518446907401085, 0.031786929816007614, -0.030028734356164932, -0.0031246717553585768, 0.01342354342341423, -0.006322233472019434, -0.014636505395174026, 0.0033242402132600546, 0.026537880301475525, 0.016135727986693382, 0.06721140444278717, 0.011036031879484653, -0.012258891016244888, -0.09344040602445602, -0.004581323359161615, 0.049886807799339294, 0.046495698392391205, -0.0012862124713137746, 0.014694622717797756, -0.04758971184492111, 0.03783029690384865, -0.012681095860898495, -0.03898348659276962, 0.026278890669345856, -0.03278861939907074, 0.014895347878336906, -0.03958180546760559, -0.026060301810503006, -0.021780159324407578, 0.001766533125191927, 0.00010905405360972509, 0.030784474685788155, -0.04026510939002037, -0.046318963170051575, 0.00010214374924544245, -0.03723790496587753, 0.021633656695485115, 0.057064253836870193, 0.003412107238546014, -0.005101511254906654, 0.0049280873499810696, -0.017241377383470535, -0.04878313094377518, -0.04576827958226204, 0.04607732221484184, -0.00204531941562891, 0.005518122110515833, 0.0735917016863823, -0.042240314185619354, -0.0068351468071341515, 0.01804412342607975, -0.011522769927978516, -0.02746644988656044, -0.047223832458257675, -0.036537423729896545, 0.07513155043125153, 0.03422487899661064, -0.004032353404909372, 0.06777064502239227, 0.0030500423163175583, -0.04831945523619652, 0.0420990064740181, -0.021614493802189827, 0.012050573714077473, -0.05522839352488518, 0.005890336353331804, -0.009100064635276794, 0.0188328605145216, -0.03305523842573166, 0.0683446079492569, -0.023030327633023262, -0.0081957271322608, -0.023749850690364838, 0.020597267895936966, 0.018317434936761856, 0.00893307477235794, -0.03616229072213173, 0.011079172603785992, -0.011154810898005962, 0.009882713668048382, -0.006210613530129194, 0.030212033540010452, 0.059874627739191055, -0.018719611689448357, 0.028895044699311256, 0.04523077607154846, -0.04007051885128021, -0.019686777144670486, -0.027480419725179672, -0.0006028603529557586, 0.0025499039329588413, -0.054496485739946365, 0.044660747051239014, -0.03043052926659584, -0.02079867571592331, -0.00385466730222106, -0.028312843292951584, -0.04561489820480347, 0.040869615972042084, 0.015372099354863167, 0.03058389201760292, 0.00449239881709218, -0.016189124435186386, 0.010516458190977573, 0.012143788859248161, -0.03315926715731621, -0.016467124223709106, 0.03357561305165291, -0.012689064256846905, -0.028644734993577003, -0.013169573619961739, -0.05230309069156647, -0.0206448957324028, -0.04072434827685356, -0.0034163156524300575, 0.061109498143196106, -0.035147059708833694, 0.017944177612662315, 0.035033900290727615, -0.016557052731513977, 0.04888836294412613, -0.005904248915612698, -0.044851627200841904, 0.014107711613178253, -0.03354654461145401, 0.00022078475740272552, -0.03411081060767174, 0.019359838217496872, -0.03704367205500603, -0.020793985575437546, -0.012707794085144997, 0.002494709100574255, 0.013820036314427853, 0.018847443163394928, -0.079112708568573, 0.024188311770558357, -0.008056584745645523, -0.0031413035467267036, -0.053162820637226105, 0.020212803035974503, 0.017257673665881157, 0.02544439770281315, 0.0008818544447422028, 0.015126832760870457, -0.029246723279356956, -0.007004642393440008, 0.012861739844083786, -0.008906775154173374, -0.017855942249298096, 0.01785319671034813, 0.05020150542259216, -0.003628888400271535, 0.0006804006989113986, -0.025231653824448586, -0.03240412846207619, 0.04152805358171463, -0.0095984423533082, 0.027093764394521713, -0.006415003910660744, 0.015503181144595146, -0.021517910063266754, -0.018506212159991264, -0.049613721668720245, 0.010164065286517143, 0.04788752645254135, 0.043242137879133224, -0.011901754885911942, 0.02049773745238781, -0.014033748768270016, -0.011309882625937462, -0.03664866089820862, 0.033050891011953354, 0.014249374158680439, 0.012679175473749638, 0.018003173172473907, -0.019032185897231102, 0.017733708024024963, 0.05850440636277199, 0.0185113325715065, -0.00831338856369257, 0.029096301645040512, 0.06090191751718521, 0.03784823790192604, 0.05128282308578491, -0.028564343228936195, -0.04458918049931526, 0.02476820908486843, -0.0697067528963089, 0.023620452731847763, 0.0019132719608023763, -0.032732270658016205, 0.02519150637090206, 0.04792264848947525, -0.01855618692934513, -0.03098451904952526, 0.0013762511080130935, -0.023456644266843796, -0.00015699728101026267, 0.025909706950187683, -0.023448651656508446, 0.03429160639643669, -0.011857641860842705, 0.025880003347992897, 0.010999687016010284, -0.0012931808596476912, 0.011353572830557823, -0.05102298781275749, -0.017355618998408318, 0.025726469233632088, -0.023304909467697144, 0.08564333617687225, -0.007991861552000046, -0.04548163712024689, 0.020747173577547073, -0.022116633132100105, 0.04636140540242195, 0.021906372159719467, 0.03228332847356796, -0.0234275721013546, 0.068007692694664, -0.055961549282073975, -0.012128788977861404, -0.03967154026031494, -0.014204214327037334, 0.13094429671764374, 0.02549889124929905, 0.010483138263225555, -0.044846538454294205, 0.05251504108309746, 0.004646601155400276, 0.01526021771132946, -0.015040881931781769, -0.024282220751047134, -0.021971246227622032, -0.0199505053460598, 0.040277350693941116, 0.023004451766610146, 0.013604886829853058, -0.02341613732278347, 0.03493097424507141, 0.0034131237771362066, -0.045664455741643906, -0.007791064213961363, 0.029067836701869965, 0.007292563561350107, -0.029595475643873215, -0.016052991151809692, 0.01103106327354908, -0.004337415564805269, 0.0057871704921126366, -0.013701355084776878, -0.0066770147532224655, 0.019856182858347893, 0.01203776802867651, -0.06473667919635773, -0.03519175201654434, 0.02122965082526207, 0.007990450598299503, -0.03727658465504646, -0.03517496958374977, 0.04440263286232948, -0.012185337021946907, 0.0047652884386479855, 0.07943027466535568, 0.017843078821897507, -0.0007768306531943381, 0.06191010773181915, 0.05457885190844536, -0.052639272063970566, 0.008000868372619152, -0.01900060474872589, 0.044065091758966446, -0.00895135011523962, -0.019842136651277542, 0.013830291107296944, 0.0040422119200229645, -0.004499419126659632, -0.029595235362648964, -0.01830453611910343, -0.017177848145365715, 0.0039583598263561726, -0.01876344531774521, 0.016801325604319572, -0.040194474160671234, 0.014380748383700848, 0.002411107998341322, 0.03618612512946129, 0.04367372393608093, 0.01601722463965416, -0.02823411487042904, 0.028646597638726234, 0.013624822720885277, 0.02842603251338005, 0.03843197226524353, -0.004009296651929617, -0.02872314304113388, -0.03188104182481766, 0.02545248530805111, -0.000747919490095228, 0.033496078103780746, 0.030553866177797318, 0.019667090848088264, -0.057687584310770035, -0.004595350474119186, -0.08080251514911652, 0.01053767092525959, -0.007072403561323881, -0.010511144064366817, -0.021849481388926506, -0.028752464801073074, 0.02467595413327217, 0.026681508868932724, -0.0027678138576447964, 0.027840744704008102, 0.005942897405475378, 0.0429471880197525, 0.008058545179665089, -0.0033703644294291735, -0.003337574191391468, -0.004827112425118685, -0.009709966368973255, 0.018394287675619125, -0.013367686420679092, 0.021925348788499832, -0.006292916368693113, 0.015845613554120064, 0.016570542007684708, 0.018429463729262352, 0.003623644821345806, -0.0377793088555336, 0.035487812012434006, -0.024437149986624718, -0.04432237520813942, -0.008937211707234383, 0.0453043170273304, -0.011933178640902042, -0.04778824374079704, -0.04608885198831558, 0.004441649653017521, 0.006078172475099564, 0.00498907919973135, -0.020617147907614708, -0.03458946943283081, 0.001194674870930612, -0.01620560884475708, -0.005941216833889484, -0.0023827943950891495, -0.0333261713385582, -0.048730626702308655, 0.019816573709249496, -0.006683866959065199, 0.007977219298481941, 0.024290142580866814, -0.03450506180524826, 0.017272962257266045, 0.01938989944756031, 0.013977602124214172, -0.021087372675538063, 0.001828534179367125, 0.011636219918727875, 0.015884431079030037, 0.05007671192288399, -0.005425544921308756, -0.001499200239777565, 0.07403650879859924, -0.05134066566824913, -0.014075146988034248, 0.04132618010044098, -0.028144516050815582, 0.010229378007352352, 0.033442314714193344, 0.026824897155165672, 0.04514212906360626, 0.028341693803668022, -0.03798669949173927, 0.004594183526933193, -0.010309816338121891, 0.004234940279275179, 0.01568787358701229, -0.019315028563141823, -0.02077503874897957, 0.02077827975153923, 0.0015670635038986802, -0.00028300247504375875, 0.06465883553028107, 0.03654495254158974, 0.009275314398109913, 0.019670845940709114, -0.03196736425161362, -0.0021541377063840628, -0.005080450791865587, 0.0002691354020498693, -0.001270559965632856, 0.046977534890174866, -0.049272920936346054, 0.019159957766532898, -0.053560566157102585, 0.0013033394934609532, -0.11320676654577255, -0.01956157572567463, -0.005517624784260988, 0.049230385571718216, 0.03269026800990105, -0.03885061293840408, 0.016558252274990082, 0.0037858658470213413, -0.08018901944160461, 0.000859677093103528, 0.0028996027540415525, -0.04753997549414635, -0.03648082911968231, -0.004755194298923016, -0.007563351653516293, -0.006577045191079378, 0.017267916351556778, 0.03380716219544411, 0.006663391832262278, 0.02062893845140934, -0.024063190445303917, 0.02692529931664467, -0.0172390379011631, 0.06303580850362778, 0.008950034156441689, -0.050537630915641785, 0.029720738530158997, -0.018371494486927986, 0.0035910545848309994, 0.05034710466861725, 0.03391024097800255, 0.03408219665288925, 0.011792059056460857, 0.052614159882068634, 0.03067740984261036, 0.015347294509410858, 0.03991033881902695, -0.0136464424431324, -0.006408325396478176, -0.0071646650321781635, 0.01904950477182865, 0.051133133471012115, -0.05714642256498337, 0.0024895905517041683, 0.035861529409885406, -0.015134938061237335, -0.020594552159309387, 0.03458954393863678, -0.038655199110507965, -0.031910426914691925, -0.0032485490664839745, 0.004151371773332357, -0.002791300183162093, -0.0036967864725738764, 0.009714661166071892, -0.05083372816443443, -0.025672249495983124, 0.015321658924221992, 0.035495925694704056, 0.028257133439183235, 0.0488085113465786, -0.041379258036613464, -0.0048782131634652615, 0.022898858413100243, 0.00755234295502305, -0.010438255034387112, -0.055011339485645294, -0.0037058936432003975, -0.044766511768102646, 0.04866493493318558, 0.006869387347251177, -0.013105575926601887, -0.04903355613350868, 0.0008100115810520947, 0.0010531808948144317, -0.00768325524404645, 0.006082925479859114, -0.0017016422934830189, 0.033450786024332047, -0.057273559272289276, 0.027623644098639488, 0.0060023097321391106, -0.03392234817147255, -0.07485871762037277, -0.05067929998040199, -0.011239306069910526, 0.03920736536383629, 0.05326613783836365, -0.0218939408659935, -0.01807824708521366, 0.029155870899558067, 0.027078019455075264, 0.022904658690094948, -0.05670132860541344, 0.07434969395399094, 0.026621302589774132, -0.016138684004545212, -0.003026950405910611, 0.01794634386897087, -0.00436596293002367, 0.004019462503492832, 0.01659909076988697, 0.039155300706624985, -0.006175133865326643, 0.005844433326274157, -0.031075166538357735, 0.04104920104146004, 0.03380949795246124, -0.00015939321019686759, 0.01968478411436081, -0.05657748132944107, 0.01745280623435974, 0.007581239566206932, -0.002639892278239131, -0.04286251217126846, 0.00853990763425827, 0.0007045412785373628, 0.02505052089691162, 0.008671574294567108, -0.0010201255790889263, 0.0338112898170948, -0.06368530541658401, 0.00267547438852489, 0.024796755984425545, 0.02132520265877247, -0.03965187445282936, 0.03502794727683067, 0.00035742350155487657, 0.000251791556365788, 0.027559509500861168, 0.04435558244585991, -0.023939818143844604, 0.00029825165984220803, 0.011085601523518562, 0.04874177277088165, 0.020875846967101097, -0.0047783199697732925, -0.013876271434128284, 0.05855751782655716, -0.031997837126255035, 0.03106437437236309, 0.0255845095962286, 0.033067941665649414, -0.01852329634130001, -0.015216981992125511, 0.04357445240020752, -0.011152188293635845, -0.03270004317164421, 0.03770800307393074, -0.031808383762836456, 0.0703277736902237, -0.01089221891015768, 0.01937439665198326, 0.022101929411292076, -0.019054749980568886, 0.019230376929044724, 0.020552217960357666, 0.018006468191742897, 0.01291049737483263, -0.024561412632465363, 0.01890258863568306, 0.019153878092765808, -0.01129871141165495, 0.02870797924697399, -0.05153363570570946, 0.025804050266742706, -0.004152699373662472, 0.004318234510719776, -0.007812115363776684, -0.030431045219302177, 0.025392241775989532, -0.021112600341439247, 0.012631168588995934, 0.01624813675880432, 0.004398979712277651, -0.0530531071126461, -0.004340245388448238, -0.021824192255735397, 0.04837469011545181, -0.018859202042222023, 0.0035027461126446724, 0.0001039627386489883, 0.06044435873627663, -0.004637811798602343, 0.005495407152920961 ]
<p>What does "return rate" (<code>tasa de retorno</code> in spanish) mean in population ecology models? In context of capture-mark-recapture models. I have found many articles on this, but no definition!</p> <p>I've also found the term "recapture rate". What is it? Is it the same as "return rate"?</p>
40,307
[ -0.0019757666159421206, -0.03206627815961838, 0.04654964432120323, -0.00108344666659832, -0.017222298309206963, -0.0051499661058187485, -0.026564400643110275, 0.009592422284185886, 0.024658547714352608, -0.016306044533848763, 0.03432217985391617, 0.05669480934739113, 0.06500518321990967, 0.019635342061519623, 0.011156209744513035, -0.003222376573830843, -0.016014831140637398, 0.013279267586767673, -0.012878987938165665, -0.01225727703422308, 0.022984540089964867, 0.014586149714887142, 0.05023912340402603, -0.011408943682909012, -0.01932927407324314, 0.03280619904398918, 0.055860430002212524, -0.013273590244352818, 0.049001701176166534, 0.04595967009663582, -0.026479532942175865, -0.007229299750179052, 0.015680387616157532, 0.03662848100066185, -0.006286116782575846, -0.022952929139137268, -0.02780982479453087, -0.03874971345067024, -0.006151699461042881, 0.011108027771115303, -0.062267884612083435, -0.024301830679178238, 0.017762545496225357, 0.003630763152614236, -0.012346230447292328, -0.018075689673423767, -0.02273217774927616, -0.050593797117471695, 0.055201396346092224, -0.03130717575550079, 0.0656050443649292, 0.019454557448625565, 0.027427371591329575, 0.025011083111166954, 0.04139076545834541, 0.03410987928509712, 0.058042872697114944, 0.023984093219041824, -0.0031000932212918997, -0.04257005453109741, -0.027324117720127106, -0.027905091643333435, 0.0013390312669798732, -0.016808735206723213, -0.019372140988707542, 0.06089412420988083, -0.02029881440103054, -0.05327380821108818, 0.043111465871334076, 0.04686230793595314, -0.008958809077739716, -0.028761643916368484, 0.023023182526230812, -0.003703589318320155, 0.026597782969474792, -0.03737387806177139, -0.007089902181178331, 0.02103264629840851, 0.0239481870085001, 0.04839581623673439, 0.009990760125219822, 0.014876946806907654, -0.018398260697722435, 0.02527967281639576, 0.028433844447135925, -0.012620069086551666, 0.06593044102191925, -0.016244716942310333, 0.012171773239970207, -0.00418955460190773, 0.01271659042686224, 0.008586319163441658, 0.04317894205451012, -0.035017818212509155, -0.06760868430137634, 0.037810128182172775, 0.028207045048475266, 0.05511780455708504, -0.012170880101621151, -0.019195813685655594, -0.04602765664458275, -0.06717554479837418, -0.025316404178738594, 0.0164470411837101, -0.040066733956336975, 0.0034662913531064987, -0.0567290224134922, -0.048276983201503754, -0.02380485087633133, -0.009885810315608978, -0.03056982532143593, -0.003009939333423972, 0.007177697028964758, 0.02297843247652054, 0.015855245292186737, -0.001700480584986508, 0.021101251244544983, 0.011045095510780811, 0.06689973175525665, 0.03625072166323662, 0.049522481858730316, -0.02380199171602726, 0.04958188161253929, -0.012962635606527328, -0.05328868702054024, 0.0007743636961095035, -0.009936343878507614, -0.011570779606699944, -0.06065683811903, 0.06183571740984917, -0.008720103651285172, -0.049980971962213516, 0.018547670915722847, -0.01840493269264698, 0.003333647735416889, -0.040340252220630646, -0.08289975672960281, -0.06349533051252365, 0.02655906230211258, -0.00016771162336226553, 0.008328927680850029, -0.057806532829999924, 0.010432632640004158, 0.008268414996564388, 0.04782182350754738, 0.05012614279985428, -0.009759316220879555, 0.0035179706756025553, -0.004889949690550566, -0.023050179705023766, -0.0438065230846405, -0.025227278470993042, 0.01578759029507637, -0.03387247398495674, -0.012058674357831478, -0.05325251817703247, -0.0064918845891952515, 0.01085654553025961, -0.03521035239100456, -0.03120528906583786, 0.0522201843559742, -0.03388134017586708, -0.03309984877705574, 0.014607721008360386, -0.005446971859782934, -0.02838083542883396, 0.06965923309326172, -0.0028747415635734797, 0.01258822251111269, 0.044436775147914886, -0.009443976916372776, 0.006300824228674173, 0.009576460346579552, 0.05413837730884552, 0.016056159511208534, -0.04094461724162102, 0.009896627627313137, 0.004909391049295664, -0.010010380297899246, 0.036503903567790985, -0.044150158762931824, -0.0012982642510905862, 0.024478556588292122, 0.004039876163005829, 0.053372032940387726, -0.007117426488548517, -0.04435162991285324, -0.012312198057770729, 0.019531646743416786, -0.00709434924647212, -0.06709831953048706, -0.06104207783937454, 0.010461029596626759, -0.008837476372718811, 0.013113469816744328, -0.0022426198702305555, 0.012712029740214348, 0.026075538247823715, -0.014757744036614895, 0.0034323439467698336, -0.03533082455396652, 0.022198345512151718, 0.037373293191194534, -0.019265400245785713, -0.03168344125151634, 0.056111209094524384, 0.010024679824709892, 0.02008967287838459, 0.06453066319227219, -0.01812649518251419, -0.03885648027062416, -0.06913191080093384, -0.019579989835619926, 0.006407567765563726, -0.009783081710338593, -0.028212815523147583, 0.038947004824876785, -0.04312128573656082, -0.008017286658287048, 0.019720038399100304, -0.02041718363761902, 0.049628835171461105, 0.06937678903341293, 0.020264770835638046, -0.004504054319113493, 0.00042055180529132485, -0.03357598930597305, 0.045466743409633636, -0.049075648188591, -0.02873656153678894, -0.052373554557561874, 0.022840630263090134, 0.039876967668533325, 0.026785392314195633, -0.0009308599401265383, 0.03465298190712929, 0.03086337447166443, -0.031435079872608185, 0.023735590279102325, 0.04087768867611885, -0.021595582365989685, -0.034074265509843826, 0.005787529516965151, -0.025512229651212692, 0.011868148110806942, 0.007059311494231224, 0.04712747037410736, -0.021619148552417755, 0.04170289263129234, -0.0108229611068964, -0.023085499182343483, 0.035605207085609436, -0.017290128394961357, -0.0007210745243355632, 0.00810240302234888, -0.020286381244659424, 0.02483966015279293, -0.04895603284239769, 0.017937228083610535, 0.04118836671113968, 0.027842801064252853, 0.018548130989074707, 0.0026257301215082407, 0.003064551390707493, -0.006291456986218691, -0.002661470090970397, 0.0038866004906594753, -0.020177548751235008, 0.021245000883936882, -0.00105319544672966, 0.028288045898079872, -0.0064130667597055435, -0.02599319815635681, -0.0013294944074004889, -0.014195486903190613, 0.025474218651652336, 0.0069143702276051044, -0.006363207940012217, 0.04902803525328636, -0.03705167397856712, -0.005787646863609552, -0.0114207211881876, -0.0012664450332522392, -0.026747560128569603, -0.04694463312625885, 0.011155794374644756, -0.010945546440780163, -0.019491247832775116, 0.0326380580663681, 0.021867739036679268, -0.01050566416233778, 0.02619709074497223, -0.00248305918648839, -0.05174917355179787, -0.009714962914586067, -0.029995283111929893, -0.0018309543374925852, 0.009576096199452877, -0.008813988417387009, 0.07663517445325851, -0.03588015213608742, -0.01351181324571371, -0.0019717554096132517, -0.05829684063792229, -0.048508673906326294, -0.06111207231879234, 0.005535717122256756, 0.0029487046413123608, 0.01736782304942608, 0.01739637367427349, 0.03581034764647484, -0.03362402692437172, -0.03786107525229454, -0.07806191593408585, -0.02698625810444355, 0.0015171911800280213, -0.011798013001680374, 0.018882468342781067, 0.020362162962555885, -0.03216782212257385, 0.08116074651479721, 0.017154237255454063, 0.019687876105308533, -0.015057816170156002, -0.01261864323168993, -0.023819738999009132, -0.011418065056204796, -0.017045963555574417, 0.015059561468660831, 0.012321284040808678, 0.012500522658228874, -0.04369734972715378, 0.047754574567079544, 0.049562446773052216, -0.0173493605107069, -0.006585658062249422, 0.008834131993353367, -0.003986435942351818, -0.009966430254280567, 0.025929857045412064, 0.00945468619465828, -0.05161706730723381, 0.029276043176651, 0.03501470014452934, 0.018780019134283066, -0.0006127071683295071, -0.04669812694191933, 0.03815072402358055, 0.018977968022227287, -0.02592080645263195, 0.0056884135119616985, 0.019601022824645042, 0.005514260847121477, -0.00675311591476202, -0.011345826089382172, 0.018055269494652748, 0.04168040677905083, -0.006348476279526949, -0.0405704565346241, 0.03183609992265701, 0.05293124541640282, -0.028457943350076675, 0.037506621330976486, -0.06342244893312454, 0.001928547048009932, -0.00874362513422966, -0.006282655522227287, 0.0017460620729252696, 0.033062644302845, -0.013427863828837872, 0.004152538720518351, 0.009464483708143234, -0.02177470363676548, -0.012204160913825035, -0.08019266277551651, -0.009776663035154343, 0.0009911101078614593, 0.01854376681149006, -0.006681900471448898, 0.012735079042613506, -0.026584388688206673, 0.009959155693650246, 0.0038159512914717197, 0.02717270515859127, -0.020521020516753197, 0.003081420436501503, 0.009067765437066555, -0.025583287701010704, 0.013113816268742085, -0.014763927087187767, 0.028338398784399033, 0.001333769760094583, -0.0111080938950181, -0.022764207795262337, 0.0030772355385124683, -0.03218606859445572, 0.009858104400336742, -0.013567598536610603, -0.051601655781269073, -0.020793676376342773, -0.008333961479365826, 0.03497665002942085, -0.0110586266964674, 0.023384222760796547, 0.07809758186340332, -0.009339718148112297, -0.015506258234381676, -0.046553634107112885, -0.035618387162685394, 0.05183015763759613, 0.022697243839502335, 0.05398057773709297, 0.007497010752558708, -0.0520673431456089, 0.023181850090622902, 0.0056322235614061356, 0.006721642799675465, 0.01572965458035469, 0.005727245472371578, -0.0068529751151800156, -0.06567977368831635, -0.017757246270775795, 0.01752789318561554, 0.029983196407556534, -0.03241970017552376, -0.0014736712910234928, 0.061007726937532425, -0.00025276606902480125, -0.007847469300031662, 0.02629796415567398, 0.020258460193872452, 0.03041786327958107, 0.0441921204328537, 0.014215697534382343, -0.0005981128197163343, -0.009268048219382763, -0.0032315445132553577, 0.03355409950017929, -0.0029842404183000326, -0.015032758936285973, -0.015073392540216446, -0.010012369602918625, -0.005070908460766077, -0.04191048815846443, -0.03135436400771141, -0.009297613985836506, -0.007702953647822142, -0.042997125536203384, -0.04019815847277641, -0.004616354126483202, 0.024678582325577736, 0.04440867155790329, 0.030073760077357292, 0.02748960070312023, -0.06425291299819946, -0.05186517536640167, 0.03287595883011818, 0.0036860883701592684, -0.058243755251169205, -0.002196755027398467, -0.04082512855529785, -0.004384797532111406, -0.003648481098935008, -0.007592277135699987, -0.005427173338830471, -0.02226748876273632, 0.02440827712416649, 0.026276148855686188, -0.004552176222205162, -0.001621332368813455, 0.0024603758938610554, 0.03747732937335968, 0.012299309484660625, 0.0071802763268351555, -0.002480796305462718, -0.00973393302410841, -0.020084097981452942, -0.010555772110819817, 0.035948172211647034, -0.03760264813899994, 0.01708722673356533, -0.010160139761865139, 0.010894742794334888, -0.022051995620131493, -0.05066120624542236, 0.0076087284833192825, 0.008454962633550167, -0.006554576568305492, 0.016349531710147858, 0.015820598229765892, -0.021118110045790672, -0.007102394942194223, 0.043514471501111984, -0.03854948654770851, -0.004200720693916082, -0.054890841245651245, 0.005292079411447048, 0.03018030896782875, 0.001622481970116496, 0.08858855068683624, 0.020681949332356453, 0.023737682029604912, -0.027059249579906464, -0.02905895560979843, 0.040535908192396164, -0.037742748856544495, -0.04020772501826286, -0.02409917116165161, -0.023562723770737648, -0.038042102009058, 0.06449845433235168, 0.0020304566714912653, 0.020606471225619316, -0.07224815338850021, -0.005930730141699314, -0.017246726900339127, 0.04596363380551338, -0.03358016535639763, -0.00645019393414259, 0.012965905480086803, 0.005339564755558968, 0.003971909172832966, -0.0035175227094441652, 0.012605973519384861, -0.013888261280953884, -0.0009186451206915081, 0.038345303386449814, -0.03290209174156189, 0.008487601764500141, -0.025495320558547974, -0.029497694224119186, 0.04783505201339722, -0.011212922632694244, 0.016383424401283264, -0.0006544840871356428, 0.03906869515776634, 0.005844444036483765, -0.04361642152070999, -0.03027050942182541, 0.038901131600141525, 0.003073788480833173, 0.021198956295847893, -0.05669805780053139, 0.050213802605867386, 0.018254291266202927, 0.03680380433797836, -0.0570647232234478, -0.018736280500888824, 0.025046976283192635, 0.002923942171037197, -0.08237040787935257, -0.008650722913444042, -0.038723282516002655, -0.007033988833427429, -0.04436901584267616, -0.026029961183667183, 0.09653821587562561, -0.05394170060753822, -0.00937875360250473, -0.022068006917834282, -0.031310033053159714, 0.04128935933113098, -0.007545084226876497, 0.01965559832751751, 0.004792764317244291, 0.01613498292863369, -0.006491529755294323, -0.032854776829481125, 0.0034480418544262648, -0.05196216702461243, -0.02883860096335411, -0.05636795982718468, -0.027370061725378036, 0.04017915949225426, -0.029004275798797607, 0.0013487722026184201, 0.023205704987049103, 0.01086069643497467, 0.028589464724063873, 0.017845505848526955, -0.008735012263059616, 0.023568296805024147, 0.002832776168361306, -0.013033520430326462, 0.03997168317437172, -0.01297535840421915, -0.013109063729643822, 0.04648352041840553, 0.00010854040738195181, 0.010433421470224857, -0.022837305441498756, 0.08939055353403091, -0.04234762489795685, 0.00025386729976162314, -0.009099196642637253, 0.008178322575986385, 0.038423653692007065, -0.007573879789561033, 0.015638910233974457, 0.008461619727313519, 0.006357578560709953, -0.03364149108529091, -0.0395507775247097, -0.019021645188331604, 0.006378945894539356, 0.03970080986618996, -0.03406732529401779, 0.015361909754574299, -0.010246047750115395, 0.013539819046854973, 0.03142707422375679, -0.01789701357483864, -0.009402072057127953, 0.016683945432305336, -0.010836908593773842, 0.053015731275081635, -0.004458037205040455, -0.02017313800752163, 0.047274306416511536, 0.030496299266815186, 0.013300121761858463, 0.043915022164583206, 0.010836322791874409, 0.014300987124443054, -0.0008127037435770035, -0.010299292393028736, -0.05300622805953026, 0.055245291441679, -0.014582986943423748, 0.05267985537648201, -0.02804812602698803, -0.051027487963438034, 0.0767766684293747, 0.04899698495864868, -0.017553001642227173, -0.057956330478191376, -0.02073981985449791, -0.04437367245554924, 0.027085019275546074, 0.001760166953317821, -0.021326418966054916, 0.023536207154393196, 0.016890916973352432, -0.00780742010101676, -0.03484911099076271, 0.01349591463804245, -0.0061573428101837635, -0.04183864966034889, -0.012053173966705799, -0.03293129429221153, -0.059310320764780045, 0.003821403719484806, 0.0061022136360406876, 0.016626868396997452, -0.020960867404937744, -0.007487712427973747, -0.01872515305876732, 0.026543231680989265, 0.05074574053287506, -0.04429290443658829, 0.1203838661313057, 0.02914993092417717, 0.0015415257075801492, -0.02711370214819908, 0.025276923552155495, 0.1286056488752365, 0.0821903720498085, 0.005977793131023645, -0.05890613794326782, 0.03431526571512222, -0.02652278169989586, 0.009171617217361927, -0.004179357551038265, -0.03671678900718689, 0.043219104409217834, 0.03117416985332966, 0.06737130135297775, 0.03569229692220688, 0.017423143610358238, -0.05250494182109833, 0.05940376594662666, -0.030339812859892845, -0.027668138965964317, 0.022190630435943604, -0.007298454642295837, -0.012168977409601212, 0.016772262752056122, -0.01718982122838497, 0.0071517000906169415, 0.05489342659711838, -0.010125388391315937, -0.010854237712919712, -0.007166681811213493, 0.0025833442341536283, -0.00048598958528600633, 0.01593734137713909, 0.006521770730614662, -0.026287749409675598, 0.013048665598034859, -0.017784692347049713, 0.0019024941138923168, 0.008474324829876423, -0.004604734480381012, -0.005322630051523447, 0.04212624952197075, 0.003043516306206584, 0.00655859662219882, -0.00009394917287863791, 0.04893918335437775, -0.04180001839995384, -0.024392085149884224, 0.014050214551389217, 0.05499870330095291, -0.012412096373736858, 0.044558458030223846, -0.01932983286678791, -0.0168461874127388, 0.020130636170506477, 0.009780459105968475, 0.0015682121738791466, 0.0104830889031291, 0.0018291349988430738, -0.018914634361863136, -0.01983446627855301, -0.027938127517700195, -0.006885780021548271, -0.028060168027877808, 0.04476886987686157, 0.010681119747459888, -0.02907077595591545, -0.015015840530395508, -0.06056065112352371, 0.033543381839990616, -0.013195603154599667, 0.01216887217015028, -0.010377985425293446, 0.0011530835181474686, -0.03897620365023613, -0.013676980510354042, 0.0032551272306591272, 0.03826884552836418, -0.004592495504766703, -0.0006050516967661679, -0.055011067539453506, -0.01039854995906353, -0.04951520264148712, 0.08013137429952621, -0.028653446584939957, -0.04224249720573425, -0.06797301769256592, 0.027201835066080093, 0.01672433875501156, 0.022053901106119156, -0.014890383929014206, 0.018811644986271858, -0.038825005292892456, 0.02787468209862709, 0.026682185009121895, -0.024631276726722717, -0.000404166872613132, 0.039715591818094254, -0.0006170142441987991, -0.05645734444260597, -0.019113708287477493, 0.023599786683917046, 0.03554600104689598, 0.031360361725091934, -0.01773873157799244, 0.024233030155301094, 0.012249145656824112, 0.03279521316289902, 0.0023025276605039835, -0.036516979336738586, 0.023767145350575447, 0.010101672261953354, -0.0021897447295486927, -0.03933938592672348, -0.023284219205379486, -0.041237495839595795, -0.022023795172572136, -0.0002678093151189387, 0.014111245051026344, -0.05064845457673073, -0.014263005927205086, -0.026629295200109482, 0.040168531239032745, -0.007926054298877716, -0.018652331084012985, -0.026767639443278313, -0.0032171597704291344, -0.009394995868206024, -0.026195421814918518, -0.03772415593266487, -0.04699062556028366, 0.03027665801346302, 0.0010169808520004153, 0.003821738064289093, 0.009204111061990261, -0.01422580610960722, 0.02849980629980564, -0.004693211056292057, 0.015272618271410465, 0.027694184333086014, -0.021338505670428276, 0.006811035796999931, 0.07361644506454468, -0.06309312582015991, -0.032168835401535034, 0.008905228227376938, -0.01617782935500145, 0.05829300358891487, 0.03604778274893761, 0.03828761726617813, -0.021758049726486206, 0.06564810127019882, -0.013839696533977985, -0.006889033131301403, -0.010952464304864407, -0.0005597349372692406, 0.011354485526680946, -0.028648529201745987, 0.0033804422710090876, 0.03587697818875313, -0.0006815791712142527, -0.01111644133925438, 0.0395568311214447, -0.014215731993317604, 0.009588049724698067, 0.01352627668529749, -0.034575775265693665, 0.00824867095798254, 0.007024513091892004, -0.021139122545719147, 0.00830076914280653, 0.06575331091880798, -0.0022255193907767534, 0.0321369469165802, -0.007856559008359909, 0.004275267478078604, -0.07436326891183853, 0.024938177317380905, -0.01484480407088995, -0.0141195273026824, 0.028120048344135284, -0.025878123939037323, 0.03571705147624016, 0.03210527077317238, -0.005711432080715895, 0.03797966241836548, 0.0038110739551484585, -0.01566145569086075, -0.02081531658768654, -0.018973296508193016, -0.014227133244276047, 0.06498301029205322, 0.03831916302442551, -0.008298804983496666, 0.0056744827888906, -0.006175693590193987, 0.019030679017305374, -0.03322431445121765, 0.013340490870177746, -0.0064401281997561455, 0.0027517974376678467, -0.016445087268948555, 0.0473225973546505, -0.042522937059402466, -0.003265953157097101, 0.034552205353975296, -0.0071746427565813065, 0.03150035813450813, 0.04130706191062927, 0.04872468113899231, 0.01645589992403984, 0.010720739141106606, 0.023114919662475586, -0.012174843810498714, -0.054449789226055145, -0.008301199413836002, 0.007504054345190525, -0.0052932994440197945, -0.0295580942183733, -0.017789065837860107, 0.017406271770596504, -0.022950638085603714, -0.021422160789370537, 0.06414223462343216, -0.017054177820682526, -0.03754989057779312, 0.03524456173181534, -0.025160862132906914, 0.004659923259168863, -0.024121293798089027, 0.018596110865473747, -0.008450822904706001, 0.009308700449764729, -0.01753583550453186, -0.03854884207248688, -0.012468802742660046, 0.012597513385117054, 0.002692364389076829, -0.04623646289110184, 0.02429169788956642, -0.005489867180585861, -0.013546899892389774, -0.04775387421250343, -0.030045397579669952, 0.0238935649394989, 0.013961602002382278, -0.023135025054216385, 0.03461499512195587, -0.020891832187771797, 0.0361187607049942, -0.00974398385733366, 0.02012936770915985, 0.04404684901237488, -0.022868499159812927, -0.003888046136125922, -0.06398679316043854, 0.1048629879951477, 0.01254887506365776, -0.004037588834762573, -0.04615194350481033, -0.040655795484781265, -0.02530713379383087, -0.0018029031343758106, 0.04821878671646118, 0.008510520681738853, -0.02771051600575447, 0.019045041874051094, 0.05615374818444252, -0.005028672982007265, -0.03587973117828369, 0.024632295593619347, 0.006079074461013079, 0.004159110132604837, -0.00656523322686553, -0.0004892703727819026, 0.002128190128132701, 0.022355951368808746, 0.008531869389116764, -0.021893806755542755, 0.018333928659558296, 0.025325262919068336, -0.0004903502413071692, 0.04431765154004097, 0.046321284025907516, 0.007918892428278923, 0.07074135541915894, -0.02143355831503868, 0.010662849061191082, -0.013132685795426369, -0.02805989421904087, -0.03383758291602135, 0.04954271391034126, -0.042193058878183365, -0.002673933282494545, 0.017725707963109016, 0.01583821140229702, 0.008432385511696339, -0.026912294328212738, -0.015551724471151829, 0.010549979284405708, -0.00822154339402914, -0.02753210999071598, 0.02243737317621708, 0.03630496561527252, 0.06899569928646088, -0.05727924033999443, 0.04007472097873688, -0.0074395546689629555, 0.004009163472801447, -0.04054463282227516, 0.05341734364628792, 0.004972096066921949, -0.04135998338460922, -0.008319021202623844, -0.009032526053488255, 0.006330631207674742, 0.04666726663708687, 0.03219185397028923, 0.04197612404823303, -0.009261656552553177, -0.022151773795485497, 0.0407382994890213, -0.015116718597710133, 0.022194363176822662, 0.0128049710765481, -0.016196301206946373, 0.0764065608382225, -0.010527094826102257, 0.0056360685266554356, 0.012636154890060425, 0.0033542269375175238, -0.032108794897794724, -0.0049101063050329685, 0.006127162370830774, 0.02860315702855587, -0.01680877059698105, 0.05269962176680565, 0.010324867442250252, 0.03953065350651741, 0.05963269993662834, -0.022948937490582466, 0.03711599111557007, 0.013428974896669388, 0.00476608332246542, -0.0537530891597271, 0.00707503966987133, -0.015028712339699268, -0.025445319712162018, 0.012348806485533714, 0.026997974142432213, 0.03825606778264046, 0.03466183319687843, -0.023228997364640236, 0.016365380957722664, 0.04484692960977554, -0.06310226768255234, -0.0319911427795887, -0.03026752732694149, 0.010201908648014069, 0.02220826782286167, -0.026459990069270134 ]
<p>In fitting a two-component Student's t mixture distribution to some data (standardized GARCH residuals) one of the components has an estimated degree of freedom of 0.6. This means that even the first moment of the mixture distribution would not exist.</p> <p>The gamlss.mx package in R is used for estimation. gamlss.control, glim.control and MX.control seem not to support this kind of option -- or I couldn't find out how... </p> <p>Is there a way to restrict the degree of freedom parameter estimates to be larger than, say, 3?</p>
74,125
[ -0.03738042712211609, -0.0022064982913434505, 0.03833919018507004, 0.024156227707862854, 0.024760572239756584, 0.030178146436810493, -0.05170757323503494, -0.01836790330708027, 0.007261861581355333, -0.03349443897604942, -0.0254005528986454, 0.07507433742284775, 0.05346619710326195, 0.05152643844485283, 0.02486993931233883, -0.011480036191642284, 0.005240245256572962, 0.002820000983774662, -0.008534098975360394, -0.042998507618904114, -0.031010016798973083, 0.012697144411504269, -0.03636202588677406, -0.006922646425664425, 0.00593662029132247, 0.0236526969820261, 0.0023814879823476076, -0.03269195184111595, 0.013872865587472916, 0.04521511495113373, -0.06032302975654602, -0.02729545161128044, -0.0010848017409443855, -0.019257044419646263, 0.03415356203913689, 0.012533031404018402, -0.039940450340509415, -0.02864746004343033, -0.023042216897010803, 0.028790896758437157, -0.0567949004471302, 0.007642390206456184, -0.007439800538122654, 0.016518283635377884, -0.01161255408078432, 0.02719813957810402, 0.003788163186982274, -0.04414068162441254, 0.06527065485715866, -0.02748906798660755, 0.06621241569519043, 0.016127994284033775, 0.022248655557632446, 0.03377751633524895, 0.004117528907954693, -0.0047464934177696705, 0.035675570368766785, 0.055751118808984756, 0.014842676930129528, -0.017734646797180176, -0.032440535724163055, -0.02170599065721035, 0.04656296968460083, -0.022549612447619438, -0.02393379621207714, -0.011272802017629147, 0.00662878155708313, -0.025964070111513138, 0.0312921479344368, -0.02920396439731121, 0.010998532176017761, 0.013676880858838558, 0.0399826243519783, 0.009146465919911861, 0.0612962432205677, -0.010252164676785469, 0.025493279099464417, 0.04239878058433533, 0.05560988932847977, 0.010949505493044853, 0.012141895480453968, -0.010288705118000507, 0.01426948793232441, -0.01634274236857891, 0.027788545936346054, -0.02470656856894493, 0.05765051394701004, -0.004536617547273636, 0.04896385967731476, 0.06333263218402863, -0.025923090055584908, 0.003573579713702202, 0.053183719515800476, 0.028061334043741226, -0.044821180403232574, 0.03600987046957016, 0.016735918819904327, 0.026628362014889717, 0.007572344969958067, -0.004758123308420181, -0.057141635566949844, -0.06560039520263672, -0.0013904338702559471, 0.05872204527258873, 0.03669121861457825, 0.008190007880330086, 0.024373317137360573, -0.05010346323251724, -0.00887233205139637, -0.031425293534994125, 0.0035221166908740997, -0.02370796911418438, 0.024307144805788994, -0.037290770560503006, 0.006894594524055719, 0.015581711195409298, -0.03522476926445961, -0.04199238494038582, 0.028514312580227852, 0.06254222989082336, 0.035642772912979126, 0.02215006574988365, 0.012899486348032951, -0.03222695738077164, -0.05433771386742592, 0.013256273232400417, 0.009568997658789158, -0.004587049130350351, -0.04908797889947891, 0.04571957141160965, 0.008839540183544159, 0.019142301753163338, 0.028260786086320877, -0.01754922606050968, -0.0007023653015494347, -0.004240815993398428, -0.03486694395542145, -0.07937532663345337, 0.028198234736919403, -0.03539576381444931, -0.0022474166471511126, -0.05813741311430931, -0.044635921716690063, 0.03862261772155762, 0.042398929595947266, -0.03812074288725853, 0.04350237548351288, -0.04345758631825447, 0.044251903891563416, 0.0030453160870820284, -0.035895638167858124, -0.004918370395898819, -0.05719159170985222, -0.03711807355284691, -0.014892646111547947, -0.072183758020401, 0.01931537687778473, 0.03775998204946518, -0.04790765047073364, -0.00599109660834074, 0.018187265843153, 0.002508958103135228, -0.004644320346415043, -0.01317867822945118, 0.02068955823779106, -0.026151195168495178, 0.06332239508628845, -0.0013541356893256307, 0.03710919991135597, -0.003926411271095276, -0.006375181954354048, -0.012144805863499641, -0.006256763357669115, 0.0718107745051384, 0.03828900307416916, -0.03631327301263809, -0.023247316479682922, 0.004759468138217926, 0.03902570903301239, 0.011785751208662987, -0.043032754212617874, 0.006428981199860573, 0.012971298769116402, 0.013530949130654335, -0.011753671802580357, 0.011274684220552444, 0.014204738661646843, -0.021491950377821922, 0.05411483719944954, -0.02477443777024746, -0.03068387880921364, -0.04560532048344612, -0.014964264817535877, -0.0073255617171525955, -0.04945725202560425, -0.002938354853540659, -0.025065258145332336, 0.02116687409579754, -0.037342898547649384, -0.007994224317371845, 0.020739760249853134, 0.0042829373851418495, 0.039348091930150986, -0.019214848056435585, 0.01068102940917015, 0.009839901700615883, 0.058547988533973694, -0.0005833127652294934, 0.060025714337825775, -0.016124557703733444, -0.05860091373324394, -0.011192132718861103, -0.04370376840233803, 0.034146446734666824, 0.0014722299529239535, -0.0037998382467776537, -0.007720806170254946, -0.0011366840917617083, -0.014141558669507504, -0.012770259752869606, -0.009631798602640629, 0.04629354551434517, 0.06891661882400513, 0.01638713665306568, -0.011911247856914997, 0.02253343164920807, -0.001489151269197464, -0.013796134851872921, -0.022778086364269257, 0.01107080839574337, -0.032250236719846725, -0.031451668590307236, 0.0551702156662941, 0.03836722671985626, -0.056666914373636246, 0.026378808543086052, 0.07590177655220032, -0.016025206074118614, 0.01829923503100872, 0.01778743416070938, -0.00816833321005106, -0.04484127089381218, 0.042575184255838394, -0.007431089878082275, 0.008925712667405605, 0.009954717941582203, 0.0673837810754776, 0.0339784100651741, 0.02257898636162281, 0.0015495693078264594, 0.007018723990768194, -0.017539069056510925, 0.022856058552861214, 0.007405062671750784, -0.005342462100088596, -0.036101989448070526, 0.0678400844335556, -0.016651909798383713, 0.028548339381814003, 0.02750786580145359, -0.019952526316046715, -0.012232485227286816, 0.014711081981658936, -0.012209868989884853, 0.03594870865345001, 0.012258559465408325, -0.02490098774433136, -0.0016573286848142743, 0.019844666123390198, -0.02099819853901863, -0.027906544506549835, 0.019258985295891762, -0.02267332188785076, -0.01586790382862091, 0.020504143089056015, 0.04273171350359917, -0.0009661979274824262, 0.04977244883775711, -0.04922793433070183, -0.029750527814030647, -0.004132754169404507, 0.04388708248734474, 0.025194266811013222, 0.01811772584915161, -0.06872722506523132, 0.011360114440321922, 0.01639372482895851, -0.031119011342525482, -0.01693648472428322, 0.014640008099377155, 0.028228262439370155, -0.023440252989530563, -0.027542054653167725, -0.056583259254693985, -0.023275041952729225, -0.009837747551500797, -0.07317346334457397, -0.040340274572372437, 0.011668594554066658, 0.015222671441733837, -0.03139863535761833, -0.02860966883599758, 0.0039047235623002052, -0.08919892460107803, -0.02021637186408043, -0.04081344231963158, 0.04956343397498131, 0.014608199708163738, 0.014176536351442337, 0.009276536293327808, 0.007264168467372656, 0.031173942610621452, -0.00011947753228014335, -0.07685525715351105, -0.033599305897951126, 0.014242809265851974, 0.010768402367830276, 0.04914268106222153, 0.026851149275898933, -0.03776054084300995, 0.06432060152292252, 0.030216122046113014, -0.019713623449206352, -0.002999225864186883, -0.028301073238253593, -0.010282200761139393, -0.0283702090382576, 0.033886052668094635, 0.018873248249292374, 0.031668614596128464, 0.010574928484857082, 0.00841556303203106, -0.022899894043803215, 0.050079334527254105, -0.015008660033345222, 0.025939082726836205, -0.009473229758441448, -0.022717243060469627, -0.0022495028097182512, 0.04028230160474777, 0.012040686793625355, 0.03047177940607071, 0.022880950942635536, -0.024136709049344063, 0.01408668514341116, -0.010755455121397972, -0.0404939278960228, 0.010917128063738346, 0.006898742634803057, 0.0037912828847765923, -0.0261438749730587, 0.03607454150915146, 0.0368305929005146, -0.031754981726408005, 0.023223238065838814, -0.011830601841211319, 0.024081289768218994, 0.007458170410245657, 0.037381332367658615, 0.03775787726044655, 0.015311642549932003, 0.025235729292035103, -0.0030488751363009214, -0.0030865708831697702, 0.009578456170856953, 0.0034556714817881584, -0.04954614117741585, -0.021779097616672516, 0.023899175226688385, -0.008379235863685608, 0.00415404699742794, 0.008226709440350533, -0.016166668385267258, -0.025123734027147293, -0.0782206580042839, 0.009261033497750759, -0.022893359884619713, 0.024375326931476593, -0.00624754186719656, -0.0042777881026268005, 0.02039451152086258, 0.022918857634067535, -0.01588745415210724, 0.0020260377787053585, -0.10206390172243118, 0.04202336072921753, -0.024978674948215485, 0.0008848300203680992, 0.0052442713640630245, 0.017724664881825447, 0.019132809713482857, -0.024016831070184708, 0.02609616331756115, 0.01702399179339409, 0.010948392562568188, -0.03553532809019089, -0.002012815559282899, -0.00511174788698554, -0.024930262938141823, 0.02087084949016571, 0.023645680397748947, 0.02959406189620495, -0.02076227217912674, 0.018478550016880035, 0.00648262444883585, -0.029770027846097946, 0.012791525572538376, -0.05673794820904732, 0.027267739176750183, -0.002030221978202462, 0.03936833143234253, 0.04602177441120148, 0.01462616864591837, -0.012062011286616325, 0.02730487659573555, 0.03621973842382431, 0.05726570636034012, 0.07688664644956589, -0.015648342669010162, -0.031404703855514526, -0.02833193726837635, -0.06291242688894272, 0.03333098813891411, 0.006537058390676975, -0.04249005764722824, -0.0016321688890457153, 0.037063948810100555, 0.008550461381673813, -0.03694787248969078, 0.0002783742966130376, 0.07495123147964478, 0.038360126316547394, 0.027374815195798874, -0.012589143589138985, -0.004618698265403509, -0.0013352385722100735, -0.018786869943141937, 0.023117709904909134, 0.027199899777770042, 0.019408823922276497, 0.00817083939909935, 0.015079081058502197, 0.008226179517805576, -0.028212690725922585, 0.0022402263712137938, 0.02225988730788231, 0.07731912285089493, 0.02452491596341133, -0.020214851945638657, 0.00981126818805933, 0.035010356456041336, 0.03053247556090355, 0.022204924374818802, -0.003063484327867627, -0.06029216945171356, -0.023898551240563393, 0.011683519929647446, 0.01963280886411667, -0.021158434450626373, -0.01285344734787941, -0.034937094897031784, -0.02162625826895237, 0.017814377322793007, -0.023660825565457344, 0.006437588483095169, -0.026324670761823654, 0.00541993323713541, 0.006564077455550432, -0.021725183352828026, -0.06192145496606827, -0.015338702127337456, -0.029474157840013504, -0.008529956452548504, -0.01726292259991169, -0.031566716730594635, -0.025889666751027107, -0.004069100599735975, 0.001034553861245513, 0.016958408057689667, 0.01208677887916565, -0.03029641881585121, 0.005460761021822691, 0.02083105407655239, -0.025133339688181877, -0.05098486691713333, 0.032388392835855484, -0.029164453968405724, 0.02024080604314804, 0.04794057458639145, -0.03190479800105095, -0.04278336092829704, 0.046749651432037354, 0.0382729135453701, 0.01616983488202095, -0.019358433783054352, 0.0014394421596080065, 0.026803627610206604, 0.00764326099306345, 0.038323089480400085, 0.020894018933176994, 0.03571672737598419, 0.031464945524930954, 0.0031243327539414167, -0.018071381375193596, 0.024923017248511314, -0.01790495403110981, -0.0318959504365921, -0.0432019867002964, -0.018235329538583755, -0.011540655978024006, 0.026131492108106613, -0.00645112432539463, 0.05252024903893471, -0.03214186057448387, -0.00745393568649888, 0.05485638231039047, 0.048108410090208054, 0.04643537476658821, -0.0163748599588871, -0.008947090245783329, 0.048211630433797836, -0.0255594365298748, 0.024859802797436714, 0.021169694140553474, -0.06200164183974266, 0.004131424706429243, 0.02562563680112362, -0.039892878383398056, 0.004834867548197508, -0.029050985351204872, -0.022904464974999428, -0.03685891628265381, 0.0006782662821933627, 0.0162685364484787, -0.03927361220121384, 0.02669626660645008, 0.04278852790594101, 0.003206107299774885, 0.012635131366550922, -0.0020340734627097845, 0.019005563110113144, 0.013976284302771091, -0.052297476679086685, 0.01226912159472704, 0.007496326230466366, -0.011667009443044662, -0.05865953490138054, 0.005179347936064005, -0.005688508506864309, 0.025522053241729736, -0.008539573289453983, -0.04186272248625755, -0.03371443599462509, -0.008904830552637577, -0.010175788775086403, 0.006516249850392342, 0.04013344645500183, 0.04753762483596802, 0.00829798448830843, -0.013006344437599182, 0.022083785384893417, 0.06228501349687576, -0.0051666125655174255, -0.024943241849541664, 0.03962002694606781, -0.031280580908060074, 0.000073879913543351, 0.02399122156202793, 0.015629611909389496, -0.011612583883106709, 0.006664200685918331, -0.018654825165867805, -0.01584392972290516, 0.04355873912572861, -0.0008263961644843221, -0.032986629754304886, 0.0126044861972332, 0.003891871776431799, 0.006385530810803175, -0.043302021920681, -0.005917335394769907, -0.02051902934908867, -0.016549130901694298, 0.002878653584048152, 0.02558889053761959, -0.0016652030171826482, -0.015106313861906528, 0.0069717527367174625, -0.01715940423309803, -0.028415966778993607, -0.0035771236289292574, 0.09001296013593674, 0.012933333404362202, -0.01967981830239296, -0.007907803170382977, -0.002753492444753647, 0.03176368772983551, 0.02731986902654171, 0.009815567173063755, 0.05136217176914215, 0.017554445192217827, -0.014750964008271694, -0.04201110824942589, -0.028576957061886787, 0.011045452207326889, 0.043715137988328934, -0.02982066385447979, 0.07166704535484314, 0.029517335817217827, -0.0018137514125555754, 0.005141289439052343, -0.009345732629299164, -0.013340500183403492, -0.009857658296823502, -0.016332680359482765, 0.0663093626499176, -0.022119397297501564, -0.02747485041618347, 0.011311240494251251, -0.015649721026420593, 0.013552566058933735, 0.05394868552684784, 0.03856634721159935, -0.00931006483733654, 0.017726408317685127, -0.001395228086039424, -0.05031149089336395, 0.037013985216617584, -0.02710750885307789, 0.04488527774810791, -0.00711920578032732, -0.006194287445396185, 0.01376252993941307, 0.019702905789017677, -0.028765080496668816, -0.02628874033689499, -0.02943977154791355, -0.0549636073410511, 0.030596930533647537, 0.04745650291442871, -0.007408217526972294, 0.06575584411621094, -0.02253562957048416, 0.03905990347266197, 0.03194678947329521, 0.055533234030008316, -0.0425557978451252, -0.06698860228061676, -0.02104058489203453, -0.016860874369740486, -0.03303943946957588, 0.06200350448489189, 0.0063418117351830006, -0.006842256989330053, 0.03544522821903229, -0.05059871822595596, 0.02073112688958645, -0.02890116348862648, 0.02908669039607048, -0.008633000776171684, 0.07310635596513748, 0.01634981669485569, 0.02948877029120922, -0.033414825797080994, 0.03544113039970398, 0.12811723351478577, 0.07155148684978485, 0.03239905461668968, -0.041405223309993744, -0.006737182382494211, -0.0019145041005685925, -0.025039825588464737, 0.0003505494387354702, -0.008463139645755291, -0.0022348188795149326, -0.012466066516935825, 0.03348609432578087, 0.05357935652136803, 0.013878101482987404, -0.010028470307588577, 0.02965039573609829, -0.01641165278851986, 0.024905305355787277, 0.004959744866937399, 0.001992815639823675, -0.004097241908311844, -0.004309683106839657, -0.06623497605323792, 0.003900140058249235, 0.03861638158559799, -0.016626765951514244, -0.012669816613197327, -0.027133304625749588, -0.034586064517498016, -0.006136193405836821, -0.042404890060424805, 0.01621384173631668, 0.037433408200740814, 0.02114894613623619, -0.0019621653482317924, 0.011717477813363075, 0.002549125114455819, 0.017399977892637253, 0.00780253391712904, 0.044721923768520355, -0.03454211354255676, 0.02210189402103424, 0.04029879719018936, 0.013436928391456604, -0.02417762577533722, -0.0648731142282486, -0.03958562761545181, 0.00807775929570198, -0.003006721381098032, -0.0196017324924469, -0.016374127939343452, -0.028305234387516975, -0.005058589857071638, -0.04925664886832237, -0.03665060177445412, -0.014145825989544392, 0.025682412087917328, -0.002581981709226966, 0.011784940026700497, -0.04683445021510124, 0.03113180212676525, -0.033134642988443375, 0.02200111374258995, 0.028012802824378014, -0.060405295342206955, 0.00587089266628027, -0.019384941086173058, 0.08509685844182968, -0.018762260675430298, -0.03686801716685295, 0.011926398612558842, -0.015011106617748737, -0.031102338805794716, -0.014832181856036186, 0.014389753341674805, -0.004899688996374607, -0.00244197272695601, -0.0002886374422814697, 0.021581163629889488, -0.0479019470512867, -0.0038557660300284624, 0.013997282832860947, -0.012521250173449516, -0.008039847016334534, -0.024271732196211815, -0.01755654811859131, 0.015777116641402245, 0.034170426428318024, -0.018184233456850052, 0.035116665065288544, -0.009391584433615208, 0.02689821831882, -0.003127321135252714, -0.03540941700339317, 0.0034900943282991648, 0.023487376049160957, -0.030211029574275017, 0.010582748800516129, 0.025815891101956367, 0.06060032173991203, 0.017026495188474655, 0.04007366672158241, -0.032368648797273636, 0.018820714205503464, 0.020462429150938988, 0.0009861973812803626, 0.028881166130304337, -0.04470090940594673, -0.020654331892728806, 0.05634970963001251, -0.0010435411240905523, 0.0028192263562232256, 0.004442211706191301, -0.04048465937376022, -0.06044008955359459, 0.029779620468616486, 0.04259774088859558, -0.06838035583496094, -0.005218700040131807, 0.014357948675751686, -0.004104127641767263, -0.02653549052774906, 0.016328686848282814, 0.01407553069293499, -0.022504685446619987, -0.013777097687125206, 0.003650541650131345, -0.011161558330059052, 0.03233739733695984, -0.026060016825795174, 0.012354888021945953, 0.04573897644877434, 0.0012111995602026582, 0.05452486127614975, -0.04165225103497505, 0.020195461809635162, 0.030791323632001877, 0.0332954078912735, -0.03710179030895233, -0.007280516903847456, 0.03155247122049332, -0.045057181268930435, 0.0023918289225548506, 0.0038260486908257008, -0.007517063058912754, 0.03011361137032509, 0.04021308571100235, -0.010202646255493164, -0.04195896163582802, 0.05801219865679741, -0.058747485280036926, 0.005953135434538126, -0.02748359739780426, 0.042605120688676834, 0.005934386979788542, -0.020760810002684593, -0.030853288248181343, -0.023788759484887123, -0.0414910688996315, 0.013418322429060936, 0.031132422387599945, 0.007370915729552507, 0.014976723119616508, 0.018610192462801933, 0.007456750143319368, -0.005588741507381201, 0.021052958443760872, 0.006985525134950876, 0.061529744416475296, 0.06437621265649796, -0.023258188739418983, 0.026495112106204033, -0.018238039687275887, 0.03514927253127098, -0.10200535506010056, -0.01800961047410965, 0.0017817913321778178, 0.004815316759049892, 0.028430379927158356, -0.03773776814341545, -0.011514674872159958, 0.04342995584011078, -0.06608565896749496, 0.006019029300659895, -0.023115597665309906, -0.019384469836950302, -0.03945624455809593, 0.009063741192221642, -0.017468120902776718, 0.06416469812393188, -0.0004542561073321849, -0.004722646903246641, 0.03665956109762192, 0.05553396791219711, -0.029557229951024055, -0.017566842958331108, -0.001810399815440178, -0.016264714300632477, 0.022928697988390923, -0.08311667293310165, 0.03500107675790787, -0.059990376234054565, -0.05280223488807678, 0.018518589437007904, 0.007260281126946211, 0.008767939172685146, -0.013871340081095695, 0.017671285197138786, 0.016804568469524384, 0.04441671445965767, 0.05284448340535164, 0.006228084675967693, 0.0056551359593868256, -0.004142200108617544, 0.005494824144989252, 0.02051781490445137, -0.029038680717349052, -0.010320376604795456, 0.024499835446476936, 0.003985397517681122, 0.022999072447419167, -0.013282901607453823, -0.040232833474874496, -0.0015099789015948772, -0.01725468784570694, -0.0005967150209471583, -0.017453502863645554, -0.03959892690181732, 0.0002678218006622046, -0.03562173619866371, -0.026973674073815346, 0.03517016023397446, 0.05807207524776459, -0.009366936050355434, 0.010150603018701077, -0.02530718594789505, -0.005695733707398176, 0.004178863018751144, 0.005954749416559935, -0.038969818502664566, -0.024098612368106842, 0.00810293573886156, -0.002573431935161352, -0.011025908403098583, 0.0019625581335276365, 0.014466507360339165, 0.028845397755503654, 0.0680108442902565, -0.028357714414596558, 0.039496298879384995, 0.010014469735324383, -0.008529306389391422, 0.033038150519132614, -0.10110506415367126, 0.044850654900074005, 0.013310986571013927, 0.0053334105759859085, -0.011030958965420723, -0.009938949719071388, -0.023316841572523117, 0.012466070242226124, 0.01068577729165554, 0.04073736071586609, 0.026488158851861954, 0.04439476132392883, 0.033517058938741684, -0.012433977797627449, -0.02887016348540783, 0.02098754420876503, 0.0017682765610516071, -0.01865161396563053, 0.012646383605897427, -0.0357995331287384, -0.006295742467045784, -0.01690422184765339, 0.001380988280288875, 0.0021294739563018084, 0.01666184514760971, 0.015527976676821709, -0.017303921282291412, 0.008371049538254738, -0.009437373839318752, -0.034905754029750824, 0.02865465357899666, -0.032683953642845154, -0.01335885375738144, 0.023865727707743645, 0.0005874153575859964, -0.07261419296264648, 0.013617811724543571, -0.015716051682829857, -0.04158041998744011, -0.028185248374938965, 0.028845252469182014, -0.006664608139544725, -0.05136721581220627, 0.016523392871022224, -0.0012621397618204355, -0.03721045330166817, 0.008718181401491165, 0.0405508391559124, -0.0067640854977071285, 0.04439619928598404, -0.019177008420228958, 0.016518061980605125, 0.05173499882221222, -0.036545269191265106, 0.02738186903297901, 0.010846749879419804, 0.006922348402440548, -0.010063712485134602, -0.02614613249897957, 0.016471486538648605, -0.04727412760257721, -0.01704699546098709, -0.004524651914834976, -0.006522479932755232, -0.0072188349440693855, -0.06328142434358597, 0.007411864120513201, 0.024969948455691338, 0.023239340633153915, -0.022693436592817307, -0.014104393310844898, 0.03983359411358833, -0.00952722318470478, -0.04294624924659729, -0.039630401879549026, 0.007457667961716652, -0.017880108207464218, 0.003891955129802227, -0.0008943786378949881, 0.018917327746748924, 0.007527127396315336, 0.01868925429880619, -0.026422463357448578, -0.08642609417438507, 0.006232076324522495, -0.006944057531654835, 0.008789765648543835, -0.01887938193976879, 0.027684003114700317, 0.015116251073777676, -0.005941722542047501, -0.06400085240602493, -0.024387149140238762, -0.000026113504645763896, 0.011072428897023201, 0.006096287164837122, -0.10298668593168259, -0.06110223010182381, 0.016262734308838844, 0.04058963805437088, -0.03822092339396477, -0.013395428657531738, -0.028332794085144997, -0.00043757102685049176, -0.022052433341741562, -0.014168043620884418 ]
<p>I am working on a model and I have calculated the EVPI, EVPPI and the EVSI.</p> <p>I need to interpret the graph of the Expected Value of Sample Information (EVSI), what should I say? The graph consists of the sample sizes as the x-axis and the EVSI as the y-axis.</p> <p>I know that the EVSI calculation is part of the process of finding an optimum sample size for a future study, but I don't know how to explain the graph results.</p>
35,424
[ 0.015192598104476929, -0.03834204003214836, 0.013437226414680481, -0.0029108331073075533, 0.039983153343200684, 0.02794632688164711, -0.02635306678712368, -0.013352600857615471, 0.013681424781680107, -0.010600167326629162, 0.0399218425154686, 0.058992672711610794, 0.042779047042131424, 0.0262919832020998, -0.02996484562754631, 0.03140959516167641, -0.023437492549419403, 0.029065147042274475, -0.0058368961326777935, -0.015832358971238136, 0.0004448732652235776, -0.006984657142311335, 0.012386653572320938, -0.006733584217727184, -0.06875553727149963, 0.07135702669620514, 0.052503976970911026, -0.008879738859832287, 0.002400349359959364, 0.0699569433927536, -0.02152053266763687, -0.01026063971221447, 0.023797878995537758, 0.016248522326350212, 0.05303832143545151, 0.0015324782580137253, -0.02619748003780842, -0.043660953640937805, 0.023071691393852234, 0.04016869142651558, -0.037591855973005295, -0.015411965548992157, 0.017083369195461273, 0.014002888463437557, -0.044329993426799774, 0.00567138846963644, -0.005469720810651779, -0.030237166211009026, 0.03190198540687561, -0.03844369202852249, 0.06917925179004669, 0.0009407332981936634, 0.0338287390768528, 0.007234442979097366, 0.018755801022052765, 0.014104975387454033, 0.03562658652663231, 0.05157416686415672, -0.017166756093502045, -0.06743906438350677, 0.007590892259031534, -0.03181877359747887, -0.013329330831766129, -0.032799143344163895, -0.021731752902269363, 0.028727535158395767, -0.0471639484167099, -0.010462773963809013, 0.05130553990602493, 0.03421477973461151, 0.03383442386984825, 0.03570060059428215, 0.009889241307973862, -0.0009087472571991384, 0.012326989322900772, -0.036122992634773254, 0.028187070041894913, 0.020691365003585815, 0.024263080209493637, 0.050378620624542236, 0.02041100338101387, 0.039195723831653595, 0.03995959088206291, 0.039051178842782974, -0.02288021333515644, -0.012056768871843815, 0.08853940665721893, -0.014848058111965656, 0.04553284868597984, -0.012719499878585339, -0.038206975907087326, 0.02332024648785591, 0.04053971916437149, -0.04229362681508064, -0.03129376843571663, -0.0006795889348722994, -0.01816152222454548, 0.06684784591197968, -0.012222638353705406, -0.024276522919535637, -0.010579897090792656, -0.027444414794445038, 0.03378871828317642, 0.047194164246320724, -0.03967183083295822, -0.022779325023293495, -0.03443242236971855, -0.0022000984754413366, -0.018145853653550148, -0.033920545130968094, 0.015954824164509773, 0.03673747926950455, 0.028519831597805023, 0.04043662175536156, 0.030845213681459427, 0.004614400677382946, 0.006912794895470142, 0.0047960421070456505, 0.06612646579742432, 0.039330992847681046, 0.01705005392432213, -0.007296175695955753, 0.021448753774166107, -0.02279556356370449, -0.08857085555791855, 0.026776626706123352, -0.014873918145895004, 0.006966747809201479, -0.04658639430999756, 0.056652091443538666, -0.01931804046034813, 0.0012253080494701862, 0.030513938516378403, -0.02491442859172821, 0.03168560191988945, 0.013354572467505932, -0.08512570708990097, -0.048319876194000244, 0.06007475033402443, 0.017366282641887665, 0.0011583603918552399, -0.05764777213335037, -0.02967795357108116, 0.041648078709840775, 0.027758583426475525, -0.02559928596019745, 0.021067138761281967, 0.017368730157613754, 0.021653952077031136, 0.02955102175474167, -0.05011507496237755, 0.0007141294772736728, -0.034709248691797256, -0.03523349016904831, 0.03421669453382492, -0.06692992895841599, -0.00499311788007617, 0.05572507902979851, -0.0619228221476078, -0.023591196164488792, 0.01000816561281681, -0.005026398226618767, -0.017787745222449303, -0.019107485190033913, -0.0012420853599905968, -0.011188678443431854, 0.0721062570810318, -0.007289999630302191, 0.001698630629107356, 0.0371183305978775, 0.022739458829164505, -0.004163629841059446, 0.02544342912733555, 0.0627526193857193, 0.02957191877067089, -0.008516337722539902, -0.0033539177384227514, -0.025822153314948082, 0.003176559926941991, 0.0006539192399941385, -0.02770916186273098, -0.04088948294520378, -0.026035351678729057, 0.031348276883363724, 0.01486567035317421, 0.011244188994169235, -0.005697294138371944, 0.0005697120795957744, 0.011528863571584225, -0.06331523507833481, -0.10124208778142929, -0.09693433344364166, 0.005562989506870508, -0.0262736938893795, -0.03469264134764671, 0.031039856374263763, 0.008929912932217121, 0.014886400662362576, -0.0048803663812577724, -0.02189520001411438, -0.011260510422289371, 0.00985060352832079, 0.035762157291173935, -0.00882213655859232, -0.0016177622601389885, 0.039607368409633636, 0.029176659882068634, -0.038359299302101135, 0.0016290673520416021, -0.012995071709156036, -0.025339743122458458, 0.006628596223890781, -0.02237270027399063, -0.0005152571247890592, -0.003456389531493187, -0.018166614696383476, -0.02980109304189682, 0.03808663412928581, 0.01553912740200758, 0.05496580898761749, -0.041948359459638596, 0.07079826295375824, 0.07886093854904175, 0.009615415707230568, -0.019344013184309006, 0.03691091015934944, 0.010984125547111034, 0.016710437834262848, -0.004912305157631636, -0.01737254671752453, -0.06814336031675339, -0.015285533852875233, 0.018746012821793556, 0.01972166635096073, 0.016420215368270874, -0.025817444548010826, 0.051805853843688965, -0.004585430957376957, 0.005727263167500496, 0.028534099459648132, -0.0173563901335001, -0.020454920828342438, -0.028480002656579018, 0.0028719152323901653, -0.012821323238313198, 0.00963089894503355, 0.019687771797180176, -0.004658812191337347, 0.03564701974391937, -0.04721483960747719, 0.01520466897636652, 0.05494019761681557, -0.012666657567024231, -0.012842687778174877, 0.01055031269788742, 0.0013596120988950133, -0.011663221754133701, -0.02803688496351242, 0.01306222751736641, 0.04705570638179779, -0.02846563421189785, 0.007618539500981569, 0.0008344454108737409, -0.0069593642838299274, -0.017043467611074448, 0.017970813438296318, -0.030306139960885048, 0.00441986508667469, 0.02165975049138069, -0.05512151122093201, -0.010823382064700127, -0.01066121831536293, -0.04386674240231514, -0.03711974248290062, 0.008825867436826229, 0.025514552369713783, -0.03163516893982887, 0.002388517837971449, -0.019793985411524773, -0.04432099685072899, -0.02521110139787197, -0.016147064045071602, 0.006699733901768923, -0.007564865984022617, -0.045449525117874146, 0.02204304188489914, -0.017770884558558464, -0.025145243853330612, 0.009579592384397984, -0.02545209601521492, -0.03804391250014305, 0.02140621840953827, 0.006608776282519102, -0.02090003341436386, -0.008031729608774185, -0.006032083183526993, 0.026932870969176292, -0.013567146845161915, -0.035234272480010986, 0.025190217420458794, -0.0047360933385789394, 0.027686992660164833, 0.014624032191932201, -0.023431876674294472, -0.02719208598136902, 0.010515326634049416, 0.003828306682407856, -0.016650749370455742, -0.01596437208354473, 0.003177229082211852, 0.020419619977474213, -0.014480832032859325, -0.03203284367918968, -0.0550602562725544, -0.07777173817157745, 0.02549227513372898, 0.01883925311267376, 0.023347336798906326, -0.00488311517983675, -0.03328697383403778, 0.06688156723976135, 0.02587899938225746, -0.026004239916801453, -0.03422229364514351, 0.006502288393676281, 0.007596196606755257, 0.015086495317518711, 0.034710511565208435, 0.03676425293087959, 0.00315692531876266, 0.012287750840187073, -0.01659788191318512, 0.05622505024075508, 0.02930309809744358, -0.019381077960133553, -0.019398164004087448, 0.007919671945273876, -0.02773815020918846, -0.031043529510498047, 0.019565338268876076, 0.04286319389939308, -0.04725167155265808, 0.03461558371782303, -0.0070841992273926735, 0.024401379749178886, 0.015586676076054573, -0.06104033440351486, 0.02326291799545288, 0.006335730664432049, 0.017943797633051872, -0.05449135974049568, 0.03539285808801651, 0.004852527752518654, -0.0013919874327257276, -0.015290391631424427, 0.041389428079128265, 0.022185068577528, -0.01168085541576147, -0.022061578929424286, 0.06011155620217323, 0.014458094723522663, -0.02129393257200718, -0.011241345666348934, -0.04594716802239418, 0.005760176572948694, 0.027030248194932938, -0.013739913702011108, -0.0379338264465332, 0.044031910598278046, 0.07140572369098663, 0.007295285351574421, -0.020146159455180168, -0.04035037383437157, 0.004685292020440102, -0.028446903452277184, 0.02140786312520504, -0.013535083271563053, 0.026530152186751366, 0.010575078427791595, 0.029852820560336113, -0.01873859576880932, -0.018007783219218254, 0.0002768233243841678, -0.029455173760652542, -0.04899256303906441, 0.048435330390930176, -0.025065887719392776, -0.025009727105498314, -0.007022970821708441, -0.01127155963331461, 0.08968937397003174, -0.012048963457345963, 0.005296741612255573, 0.01749022863805294, 0.06256530433893204, -0.020176313817501068, -0.006775387562811375, 0.0017130825435742736, 0.040132615715265274, -0.015872705727815628, 0.016936209052801132, 0.03177853301167488, 0.01607438735663891, 0.0358959399163723, 0.039509132504463196, 0.006133727263659239, -0.03362032398581505, 0.011816226877272129, 0.011157635599374771, 0.044750507920980453, 0.0375387966632843, 0.02369247004389763, -0.01616988703608513, -0.018174627795815468, 0.022659825161099434, -0.005003382917493582, 0.05934286117553711, 0.04138290882110596, -0.026673806831240654, 0.010847012512385845, -0.03884186968207359, 0.013925320468842983, -0.02276882342994213, 0.009040486067533493, -0.005798649974167347, -0.0014732563868165016, 0.050795428454875946, 0.014672630466520786, -0.05034434795379639, -0.015722153708338737, 0.053063344210386276, 0.015679147094488144, 0.04100899025797844, -0.01931757666170597, 0.011836682446300983, -0.01585337333381176, -0.013605172745883465, 0.003278043819591403, 0.009513522498309612, -0.02878589555621147, -0.01128867082297802, 0.022708680480718613, -0.015532438643276691, -0.04121715947985649, -0.041479457169771194, -0.0074399677105247974, 0.042450275272130966, 0.03113408572971821, -0.03300359472632408, 0.02435658872127533, 0.015481018461287022, 0.011381725780665874, 0.030646828934550285, -0.01767067052423954, -0.0687556192278862, -0.018966246396303177, 0.043412383645772934, 0.06749602407217026, -0.012857641093432903, 0.00833519734442234, -0.04245118051767349, 0.03418843820691109, 0.0335562489926815, -0.022927027195692062, -0.008643015287816525, -0.030180800706148148, 0.033013708889484406, -0.038379911333322525, -0.016405565664172173, -0.03873944655060768, -0.01700061373412609, -0.016476942226290703, 0.011707606725394726, -0.012778718955814838, 0.0007573797483928502, -0.025713663548231125, -0.00008853485633153468, -0.00410106498748064, 0.05029396712779999, -0.05192457512021065, 0.015444614924490452, 0.02082761935889721, 0.041318606585264206, -0.028699900954961777, -0.09635733813047409, 0.03769481182098389, 0.00021984886552672833, 0.011147131212055683, 0.020956091582775116, -0.01808726228773594, -0.03783062472939491, 0.02552163042128086, 0.02213617041707039, -0.04325736314058304, -0.0013144456315785646, -0.03280814364552498, 0.029868528246879578, 0.038898177444934845, -0.013331922702491283, 0.032231517136096954, 0.028620120137929916, -0.005804428830742836, 0.014315840788185596, -0.05160187557339668, 0.007517611607909203, -0.039856694638729095, -0.016543693840503693, -0.044925618916749954, 0.054565370082855225, -0.021555831655859947, 0.034711264073848724, -0.007037750445306301, 0.07840366661548615, -0.051644351333379745, -0.026282528415322304, -0.012241660617291927, 0.00809568166732788, 0.0060292454436421394, 0.0015651629073545337, -0.020164193585515022, 0.00847457256168127, 0.023678001016378403, -0.016579320654273033, 0.0058296299539506435, -0.02024484984576702, -0.007020465563982725, 0.017827266827225685, -0.013439610600471497, -0.01702268421649933, -0.03474344685673714, -0.029230156913399696, 0.04257412999868393, -0.04307514429092407, 0.02613566815853119, -0.012476176023483276, 0.00914005283266306, 0.03683137521147728, -0.03588048741221428, -0.030024858191609383, 0.033493973314762115, 0.012224728241562843, 0.06375432759523392, -0.01716259866952896, 0.05140327289700508, -0.03543109819293022, 0.015630008652806282, -0.0700397789478302, -0.03524981439113617, 0.03827526047825813, -0.002773609012365341, -0.049457985907793045, -0.024429919198155403, -0.020713480189442635, 0.0007556499913334846, -0.016112325713038445, 0.022686509415507317, 0.016394156962633133, 0.000480057904496789, 0.004428667016327381, -0.009764141403138638, -0.004893406294286251, 0.08020343631505966, 0.0027426034212112427, -0.01828796975314617, 0.0004100170626770705, -0.000569739262573421, -0.02177189663052559, 0.009397382847964764, 0.023506978526711464, -0.014816011302173138, -0.028996597975492477, -0.02590753324329853, 0.007445715367794037, 0.046302419155836105, -0.0025651217438280582, -0.008673635311424732, -0.011667893268167973, 0.01146880816668272, 0.012186327949166298, -0.01666100136935711, -0.04152372479438782, -0.011728676967322826, 0.05046131834387779, 0.0004660858539864421, 0.02205326221883297, 0.016861995682120323, 0.008198914118111134, 0.020565887913107872, 0.007470006588846445, -0.010236112400889397, 0.050668828189373016, 0.04114390164613724, -0.03135959804058075, 0.04164929687976837, -0.01917622610926628, -0.010196016170084476, 0.005167588125914335, 0.010728120803833008, 0.032791897654533386, 0.02537429891526699, 0.021714823320508003, -0.038510311394929886, 0.002154175890609622, -0.05347971245646477, -0.018844708800315857, 0.04352575168013573, -0.013886724598705769, 0.048137787729501724, 0.032570503652095795, -0.0021381275728344917, -0.008175361901521683, -0.03818398341536522, -0.005370615050196648, 0.003775223856791854, -0.0015998687595129013, 0.030147595331072807, -0.016636980697512627, -0.04481580853462219, 0.04062614589929581, 0.04352239891886711, 0.002966838888823986, 0.01605786196887493, 0.02079431526362896, -0.005752227734774351, 0.025406360626220703, -0.042987629771232605, -0.06312039494514465, 0.04163511097431183, -0.016733620315790176, 0.03437099978327751, -0.040946114808321, -0.009934875182807446, 0.06584755331277847, -0.00484299473464489, 0.0021979878656566143, -0.04910312220454216, 0.009415044449269772, -0.05480901524424553, 0.0016594826010987163, 0.032623205333948135, -0.04124612733721733, -0.001379431807436049, -0.021846864372491837, -0.008481486700475216, -0.02714180387556553, 0.019981488585472107, -0.00794357992708683, -0.0751948356628418, -0.054428622126579285, 0.0004834333958569914, 0.00347554637119174, -0.004794066306203604, -0.00820903666317463, -0.011627322062849998, 0.02311292663216591, -0.019275441765785217, -0.0033535172697156668, -0.030250880867242813, 0.025878872722387314, -0.02444973774254322, 0.09597567468881607, 0.003970315679907799, 0.011771555058658123, 0.005520989652723074, -0.0186894703656435, 0.1334666907787323, 0.05890877544879913, -0.013421529904007912, -0.026424668729305267, 0.03518852964043617, -0.00033134748809970915, -0.0039190491661429405, 0.024998599663376808, 0.05360589176416397, 0.030804993584752083, 0.013665848411619663, 0.022775661200284958, 0.02822234481573105, -0.010749679990112782, -0.03732333704829216, 0.05766141787171364, -0.02807050570845604, -0.034075792878866196, 0.012292139232158661, 0.02172587625682354, -0.0019448462408035994, -0.008588602766394615, -0.07534800469875336, 0.013840807601809502, -0.008172906003892422, -0.019133148714900017, -0.013462412171065807, -0.06093018129467964, 0.03760853782296181, 0.026180826127529144, -0.013493334874510765, 0.0017381112556904554, 0.027654089033603668, -0.0028312045615166426, -0.004773264285176992, -0.01775241456925869, -0.011257908307015896, -0.01118510402739048, 0.02390381135046482, 0.03429213911294937, -0.0015912398230284452, -0.0072306254878640175, -0.009574403055012226, 0.024685751646757126, -0.06472554802894592, -0.04450533166527748, 0.008660138584673405, 0.03867814689874649, 0.0026848416309803724, 0.004220965784043074, -0.05533294379711151, 0.02840396761894226, -0.016668817028403282, -0.04240989312529564, -0.02605818584561348, 0.010891401208937168, 0.006253951229155064, -0.03843659535050392, -0.016125207766890526, -0.011975008063018322, -0.0243612602353096, -0.04617079347372055, 0.01629481464624405, 0.01590532250702381, 0.003512421390041709, -0.01772269792854786, -0.05760743468999863, 0.012045622803270817, 0.017070967704057693, -0.01860862225294113, 0.012888419441878796, -0.024843301624059677, -0.04031950980424881, -0.05728958174586296, 0.0029641094151884317, 0.003286028979346156, 0.03854852542281151, 0.0033654996659606695, -0.013323873281478882, -0.03448215872049332, -0.03568199649453163, 0.03787233680486679, 0.008657079190015793, -0.000382014928618446, -0.038073617964982986, 0.04388677328824997, 0.02388538233935833, 0.018539687618613243, -0.01607593148946762, 0.009942770004272461, 0.02146301232278347, 0.021863361820578575, 0.001974866259843111, -0.025664115324616432, -0.027003727853298187, 0.005150314886122942, -0.03374962881207466, -0.0033072796650230885, 0.00603112205862999, 0.08046815544366837, 0.030514927580952644, 0.016060762107372284, 0.01818677969276905, 0.010843138210475445, 0.011792334727942944, -0.0073353564366698265, -0.006895801518112421, -0.052226677536964417, 0.013308483175933361, 0.007354953326284885, -0.019254416227340698, -0.0407005250453949, 0.004174915608018637, -0.021869592368602753, -0.0372004471719265, 0.0021789653692394495, -0.03919820487499237, -0.030898306518793106, 0.013515663333237171, -0.01965210773050785, 0.06426860392093658, -0.00014439238293562084, 0.010650924406945705, -0.009436418302357197, 0.02536371722817421, -0.013508345931768417, 0.011339869350194931, 0.0010507408296689391, -0.0019920235499739647, 0.01736648753285408, -0.007722011301666498, 0.008595705963671207, 0.035334691405296326, 0.020115628838539124, -0.0051217107102274895, 0.012037749402225018, -0.0007121826056391001, 0.06450122594833374, -0.023917928338050842, -0.010363535955548286, 0.07624423503875732, -0.06308483332395554, -0.03517990931868553, 0.04822448641061783, 0.0027223299257457256, 0.039297450333833694, 0.003213274758309126, 0.006921019870787859, -0.02984928898513317, 0.003872474655508995, -0.027646338567137718, -0.012351027689874172, -0.0262756310403347, -0.015982434153556824, 0.012546839192509651, -0.0045652627013623714, -0.01563991606235504, 0.007470386102795601, -0.0015758225927129388, 0.030163176357746124, 0.004088238347321749, -0.026491280645132065, 0.017446303740143776, -0.02133779227733612, 0.03382761403918266, 0.002308340510353446, 0.0015672837616875768, -0.016264328733086586, 0.05158820375800133, 0.02843589521944523, 0.01481248252093792, 0.05219137296080589, -0.01692582666873932, 0.02253030240535736, -0.0761743113398552, -0.012114860117435455, -0.029294133186340332, 0.028429066762328148, 0.015109997242689133, -0.026678042486310005, -0.004749545827507973, 0.03697870299220085, -0.04300689697265625, 0.013456895016133785, -0.011777369305491447, -0.007637866772711277, -0.025907855480909348, 0.028183775022625923, -0.018891703337430954, 0.042387232184410095, 0.06285076588392258, 0.01965138129889965, 0.017204472795128822, -0.003888878971338272, 0.00988952349871397, -0.01483869832009077, 0.0007074358873069286, 0.03538888692855835, -0.01872270181775093, -0.06252651661634445, 0.013684512116014957, -0.03988814726471901, 0.002186837838962674, 0.016946738585829735, 0.004646362271159887, 0.03408608213067055, 0.038808196783065796, -0.007431491278111935, 0.007853252813220024, 0.023665159940719604, 0.04663049802184105, -0.003967400174587965, -0.04946443438529968, -0.02833801694214344, 0.003004303900524974, 0.024983692914247513, 0.034898221492767334, 0.02608676441013813, 0.009266424924135208, -0.0038050657603889704, -0.006284212227910757, -0.004520826041698456, 0.006158832926303148, -0.040906861424446106, -0.00825481116771698, -0.020856456831097603, -0.03192957863211632, -0.041092418134212494, 0.04971958324313164, -0.03304746374487877, -0.03876080736517906, 0.05938304588198662, 0.012369276955723763, 0.005105193238705397, 0.007987603545188904, 0.007668025325983763, -0.027127593755722046, 0.009634415619075298, 0.012404612265527248, 0.0028739450499415398, -0.06293812394142151, 0.02543763630092144, -0.00925531703978777, -0.02209232747554779, -0.0362141877412796, -0.037693824619054794, -0.04743935540318489, 0.019134782254695892, -0.008912680670619011, -0.006654281169176102, 0.0043622469529509544, -0.03932822123169899, 0.03036477603018284, -0.06806029379367828, 0.08113829791545868, 0.01827630214393139, -0.03544909507036209, -0.0880441665649414, -0.0423886813223362, -0.004414455499500036, 0.027041694149374962, 0.033417727798223495, 0.04871956631541252, -0.0038047702983021736, 0.0011102664284408092, 0.05115532502532005, 0.038289643824100494, -0.04566742107272148, 0.03786100819706917, -0.009234952740371227, 0.009788258001208305, 0.018353093415498734, -0.012851070612668991, -0.0038383000064641237, -0.007961799390614033, 0.014769542030990124, -0.0427621528506279, 0.03476160392165184, -0.012675398029386997, -0.003165103029459715, 0.002814924344420433, 0.027152659371495247, -0.017951833084225655, 0.057416342198848724, -0.029002325609326363, 0.02707781083881855, 0.01924164779484272, 0.010395947843790054, -0.04404807090759277, 0.014614619314670563, -0.016615385189652443, -0.00258469907566905, 0.014212993904948235, 0.005142872221767902, 0.038203924894332886, -0.07134199142456055, -0.008211124688386917, 0.019004348665475845, -0.04582083970308304, -0.027395199984312057, 0.055057380348443985, 0.058786388486623764, 0.05075833201408386, -0.004713470581918955, 0.013072909787297249, -0.03678971901535988, -0.024949753656983376, -0.0022854353301227093, -0.030816700309515, 0.020585279911756516, -0.0036241579800844193, -0.0002802882227115333, 0.022400254383683205, -0.008139178156852722, 0.06551941484212875, 0.03379268944263458, 0.04095713421702385, -0.04680939391255379, -0.0392865389585495, 0.031375396996736526, 0.00033806730061769485, -0.0026607916224747896, -0.016046512871980667, -0.012303004041314125, 0.06675401329994202, -0.04766654223203659, 0.027511317282915115, -0.012090794742107391, -0.03704898804426193, -0.06658628582954407, -0.007174151949584484, 0.04718717932701111, 0.04852660372853279, -0.006686023436486721, -0.007645558565855026, -0.008260762318968773, -0.010976385325193405, 0.04807855188846588, -0.04278619959950447, 0.023589590564370155, 0.03318852558732033, -0.029204899445176125, 0.008075651712715626, 0.026541026309132576, -0.005824553780257702, 0.004660187754780054, 0.004958947654813528, 0.03281824663281441, 0.02192864567041397, 0.031160030514001846, -0.04802730306982994, 0.020810067653656006, 0.02307487651705742, -0.04768553003668785, 0.002803595969453454, -0.057075656950473785, -0.008822290226817131, 0.005836599040776491, -0.010915974155068398 ]
<p>I fit the logistic regression model for gender and drink for the data ihd using the following command </p> <pre><code>model&lt;-glm(ihd~as.factor(gender)*as.factor(drink),Family='binomial',data=ihd) </code></pre> <p>My question is how can I get the estimated log odd-ratio for: </p> <ol> <li>gender in non-drinker stratum, and</li> <li>gender in drinker stratum</li> </ol>
74,126
[ -0.027313414961099625, 0.006275287363678217, 0.02136239968240261, 0.0483337827026844, 0.014498389326035976, -0.015415214002132416, -0.03111325018107891, 0.0003803933796007186, 0.05244274064898491, 0.007775896228849888, 0.0754304900765419, 0.04345230758190155, 0.04854695498943329, 0.06706032902002335, 0.047762949019670486, 0.010557140223681927, -0.0010072499280795455, 0.034223947674036026, 0.012246550992131233, -0.011522003449499607, -0.02314019203186035, -0.00014367105904966593, 0.023980194702744484, 0.039432112127542496, 0.008071393705904484, 0.0731455385684967, 0.05058286339044571, 0.010220566764473915, 0.005509853828698397, 0.050836239010095596, 0.009545686654746532, -0.049500562250614166, 0.004508167039602995, 0.03073313646018505, 0.024661824107170105, 0.030882705003023148, 0.0032189220655709505, -0.01197125669568777, -0.03420891985297203, 0.015092823654413223, -0.03372741863131523, 0.015720829367637634, -0.005921988282352686, 0.015246786177158356, -0.007028813008219004, 0.03222909942269325, -0.021807294338941574, -0.017633428797125816, 0.038952991366386414, -0.050894513726234436, 0.03994693607091904, -0.037430670112371445, 0.04484913870692253, 0.012445202097296715, -0.0031870233360677958, 0.019607990980148315, 0.05748632177710533, 0.0788322389125824, 0.025113392621278763, -0.04865380749106407, -0.025262927636504173, -0.03638295829296112, -0.019959254190325737, 0.0037421772722154856, -0.003920567221939564, -0.02161576971411705, -0.034905076026916504, -0.035198092460632324, 0.025254059582948685, -0.04486071690917015, 0.006140096578747034, 0.014002352021634579, 0.0478992760181427, -0.027103856205940247, 0.02986927703022957, -0.06053440645337105, -0.04364170879125595, 0.0048322007060050964, 0.03064809925854206, 0.01666133664548397, 0.004798595327883959, 0.0005804614047519863, 0.008936994709074497, 0.029334912076592445, -0.011829213239252567, -0.03722729906439781, 0.04980183392763138, -0.024618811905384064, 0.020336734130978584, 0.04214654490351677, -0.017310278490185738, 0.031712327152490616, 0.00858807098120451, 0.017761990427970886, -0.04182368516921997, 0.04077970236539841, -0.0028722689021378756, 0.03324094042181969, 0.010161226615309715, -0.004758467432111502, -0.009700692258775234, -0.02549009583890438, 0.0006239120266400278, 0.06911510229110718, -0.018234414979815483, -0.005494941025972366, -0.05857669562101364, 0.0066154892556369305, 0.00041228911140933633, -0.05571015551686287, 0.02513071522116661, 0.01921091228723526, 0.03350745514035225, -0.021269941702485085, -0.012611043639481068, -0.04016677290201187, -0.0066114976070821285, 0.0009573989664204419, 0.07846666127443314, 0.04289635270833969, 0.02654779516160488, -0.006674538366496563, 0.033827658742666245, -0.010449973866343498, -0.030380377545952797, 0.03878539800643921, 0.02087717317044735, -0.013647534884512424, -0.03398367017507553, 0.01520240306854248, 0.008562685921788216, -0.037337932735681534, 0.02834128960967064, 0.04681090638041496, 0.008917056955397129, -0.03275517001748085, -0.06096617132425308, -0.04414078965783119, 0.00018913116946350783, 0.0011007882421836257, 0.010602092370390892, -0.05024322494864464, 0.003005082719027996, 0.03690793737769127, 0.03971710428595543, 0.017447635531425476, 0.04782503843307495, 0.0051958863623440266, -0.018599463626742363, 0.023723213002085686, -0.055059514939785004, 0.020511077716946602, -0.06284705549478531, -0.033867646008729935, -0.002955325413495302, -0.07477764785289764, -0.002299521816894412, -0.01209741085767746, -0.03628811612725258, -0.016331687569618225, 0.04155414178967476, 0.016518479213118553, -0.03921826556324959, 0.01229487918317318, -0.016532093286514282, -0.03545090928673744, 0.07768379896879196, -0.05881993845105171, 0.028147414326667786, -0.001120296074077487, -0.03540131449699402, 0.0017248555086553097, 0.01993739791214466, 0.023710092529654503, 0.05998542159795761, 0.006813707761466503, -0.01284179650247097, -0.0022899352479726076, 0.029782388359308243, 0.0295382309705019, -0.008925266563892365, 0.006958169396966696, -0.014100358821451664, -0.020337354391813278, 0.023765092715620995, -0.018499739468097687, 0.016414862126111984, -0.02538035809993744, 0.07160501927137375, -0.04538433998823166, -0.046733610332012177, -0.0256620142608881, -0.01450197771191597, 0.032325148582458496, -0.01681029424071312, 0.017636775970458984, 0.011738347820937634, 0.06596147269010544, -0.02215087041258812, 0.009914376772940159, -0.019579196348786354, -0.022897236049175262, 0.045777302235364914, -0.024694427847862244, -0.013112038373947144, 0.04271624609827995, -0.0000391188332287129, -0.026638437062501907, 0.056281015276908875, -0.006938403006643057, 0.017922010272741318, 0.017397120594978333, -0.03943701460957527, -0.026464173570275307, -0.0395820252597332, 0.017098546028137207, 0.0029586057644337416, 0.00883899163454771, 0.014451450668275356, 0.033510077744722366, -0.04585110768675804, 0.057548992335796356, 0.06093261390924454, 0.015087850391864777, -0.009292787872254848, -0.041807595640420914, -0.014893738552927971, 0.03448043391108513, -0.0211485568434, -0.058171603828668594, -0.046802956610918045, -0.007389839272946119, 0.007857249118387699, -0.008289320394396782, -0.0036910325288772583, 0.0038914147298783064, 0.024912798777222633, -0.02201961912214756, 0.017204659059643745, 0.03279278799891472, -0.020004017278552055, 0.018186131492257118, -0.010945185087621212, 0.008296256884932518, -0.0065059843473136425, 0.01758226379752159, 0.049481261521577835, -0.024077193811535835, 0.06428394466638565, -0.019099680706858635, -0.024811122566461563, 0.051746949553489685, 0.0015588869573548436, -0.004240137524902821, -0.004812426399439573, 0.0037237657234072685, 0.07743068039417267, -0.005096290726214647, 0.02015726827085018, 0.05751737952232361, 0.0006128275417722762, -0.030269049108028412, 0.026587489992380142, 0.016768669709563255, 0.0009845183230936527, 0.05983177199959755, -0.0637243315577507, -0.04247786104679108, -0.005208589136600494, -0.03458469361066818, 0.013864348642528057, -0.013881970196962357, -0.02704555355012417, -0.03523455560207367, 0.027569130063056946, 0.01959928497672081, -0.006358244456350803, -0.0012661764631047845, -0.024991881102323532, -0.03309202194213867, -0.021656304597854614, -0.010362118482589722, 0.011831745505332947, -0.013282429426908493, -0.039952680468559265, -0.039910927414894104, -0.013086275197565556, -0.003662350820377469, -0.023812973871827126, 0.011194703169167042, -0.031236998736858368, 0.0022172601893544197, -0.02288208343088627, -0.052483510226011276, 0.0027099798899143934, -0.004797357600182295, 0.02334144152700901, -0.019342903047800064, 0.014858854003250599, -0.00032973280758596957, 0.027880726382136345, -0.020657509565353394, -0.011378481984138489, -0.05901774764060974, -0.005455951672047377, -0.009348114021122456, 0.017720194533467293, 0.00025580532383173704, 0.00499481288716197, -0.0020644254982471466, 0.014085181057453156, -0.01686880737543106, -0.028136974200606346, -0.10334891825914383, -0.059501953423023224, -0.0008619466098025441, 0.0726708248257637, -0.0015558921732008457, -0.0028803569730371237, -0.01789071224629879, 0.033065784722566605, 0.052399929612874985, -0.04354060813784599, -0.0820542499423027, -0.02059394307434559, -0.005667327903211117, -0.015513211488723755, 0.043961554765701294, 0.03232257440686226, 0.024132322520017624, 0.050869617611169815, -0.007861409336328506, 0.02677823044359684, 0.027294043451547623, 0.021307099610567093, 0.0018970054807141423, 0.02127804607152939, 0.024981370195746422, -0.008907127194106579, 0.04017433524131775, 0.011651577427983284, -0.0361853651702404, 0.03240278363227844, -0.04878098517656326, 0.0031509222462773323, 0.009256302379071712, -0.0353938452899456, 0.0056893485598266125, -0.017094241455197334, -0.035739216953516006, 0.0018640272319316864, 0.004549916367977858, 0.04209926351904869, -0.039513636380434036, -0.0033541300799697638, 0.018559705466032028, 0.027619119733572006, 0.022742828354239464, 0.02049933187663555, 0.0341133289039135, 0.027754349634051323, -0.021686557680368423, -0.016360066831111908, 0.003135544015094638, -0.0074562751688063145, 0.04186736047267914, -0.04802395775914192, -0.03303416073322296, 0.022471442818641663, 0.054903894662857056, 0.0007616570219397545, -0.03135424852371216, -0.04416334629058838, 0.011170177720487118, -0.059282150119543076, -0.002877243096008897, 0.004338725470006466, 0.03928360715508461, 0.014225857332348824, 0.04136122390627861, 0.018879691138863564, -0.011896378360688686, 0.024669166654348373, -0.009056770242750645, -0.07117103785276413, 0.04838232323527336, -0.0185907781124115, 0.012175136245787144, 0.028732407838106155, -0.027075188234448433, 0.05976076051592827, -0.0363004133105278, -0.02667337656021118, 0.02473677694797516, 0.003405650146305561, -0.004467496648430824, 0.030372628942131996, -0.005134989973157644, -0.013771154917776585, 0.0059488979168236256, -0.010266797617077827, -0.008025575429201126, -0.00517383823171258, -0.010538804344832897, 0.055580779910087585, 0.02516099624335766, -0.0196438729763031, -0.011508604511618614, 0.004159954376518726, -0.005758251994848251, 0.05344323813915253, 0.004191974643617868, 0.010912744328379631, -0.06009488180279732, 0.01683151163160801, -0.0435062013566494, 0.03356479853391647, 0.04841236397624016, 0.011220922693610191, -0.001150630065239966, -0.018547579646110535, 0.0036619233433157206, -0.0120419692248106, 0.00820023100823164, -0.017205363139510155, 0.04279075935482979, 0.09669633954763412, 0.056053224951028824, -0.042706672102212906, 0.011158013716340065, 0.0655132383108139, 0.05697814002633095, -0.00951346568763256, -0.002074479591101408, -0.009604895487427711, -0.008114313706755638, -0.00545656168833375, 0.010546723380684853, -0.007126714568585157, 0.0011476000072434545, -0.014924315735697746, 0.05666001886129379, -0.03496905043721199, -0.032741330564022064, -0.011376287788152695, 0.011471842415630817, 0.020251499488949776, -0.008833271451294422, -0.05890274792909622, -0.021471675485372543, 0.03613007813692093, 0.022610580548644066, -0.017377598211169243, 0.0017007668502628803, -0.06796235591173172, -0.006610729731619358, 0.027041606605052948, 0.06381965428590775, -0.07155396044254303, -0.02576124668121338, -0.0018055400578305125, 0.0016107179690152407, 0.014343357644975185, -0.03470097482204437, -0.007401610724627972, -0.017487457022070885, 0.01390982884913683, 0.02307572402060032, -0.01865263655781746, -0.053581953048706055, 0.03652031347155571, -0.02391398325562477, -0.0326213613152504, -0.031434301286935806, -0.019274728372693062, -0.052812375128269196, 0.029116688296198845, -0.003456549486145377, 0.026927411556243896, -0.02790241129696369, -0.004954942036420107, 0.01858663372695446, 0.029434623196721077, -0.01872570440173149, -0.06227569654583931, 0.023812955245375633, -0.01036268100142479, -0.0006508672959171236, 0.0419301763176918, 0.0020301348995417356, -0.009225454181432724, 0.006004221271723509, 0.061969093978405, -0.0036848511081188917, 0.030799800530076027, -0.06672322005033493, -0.013513995334506035, -0.015310494229197502, -0.007494977675378323, 0.05837637558579445, 0.033216994255781174, 0.0030989712104201317, -0.008660542778670788, -0.040458206087350845, 0.0022798252757638693, -0.027817627415060997, -0.01597246527671814, -0.057164546102285385, 0.001619078335352242, -0.0009912945097312331, 0.01670711115002632, -0.026754703372716904, 0.015514340251684189, -0.02819439023733139, -0.01681658625602722, -0.006268354598432779, 0.04214448854327202, -0.011285234242677689, 0.017535723745822906, 0.032994601875543594, 0.045096829533576965, 0.0015061163576319814, -0.016303740441799164, 0.0034322519786655903, -0.019083945080637932, 0.012988745234906673, -0.0281940046697855, -0.059453997761011124, 0.0027386057190597057, 0.0021663785446435213, -0.03227787837386131, 0.015975115820765495, 0.011065615341067314, 0.0017865968402475119, 0.0073562986217439175, 0.03506823629140854, -0.00551740312948823, -0.031375329941511154, 0.01825198344886303, 0.007785915397107601, 0.013449972495436668, 0.023203518241643906, -0.00536480825394392, 0.03319409862160683, -0.0024528123904019594, -0.012782953679561615, -0.07703352719545364, -0.032900404185056686, 0.04902537539601326, -0.02594865672290325, -0.04615733027458191, -0.04242726042866707, -0.03274763375520706, -0.01474120281636715, 0.009433440864086151, -0.005538413766771555, 0.053383827209472656, 0.0029055739287286997, 0.0007883631042204797, -0.023486921563744545, 0.027828305959701538, 0.04400195553898811, 0.02874838560819626, -0.0011894506169483066, -0.021785801276564598, -0.03344692662358284, -0.013620325364172459, 0.005465509369969368, -0.00820805225521326, -0.02549113519489765, -0.020503446459770203, -0.016771648079156876, 0.014259977266192436, 0.02808811515569687, -0.03148214891552925, 0.0032766018994152546, -0.022380255162715912, -0.011327739804983139, 0.004015152808278799, -0.03899163007736206, 0.027490368112921715, -0.006402861792594194, 0.006561397574841976, -0.010856464505195618, -0.00449785590171814, -0.03643655776977539, 0.015483777038753033, 0.02655976265668869, -0.012245377525687218, 0.0009199987980537117, 0.013097116723656654, 0.10005561262369156, 0.03458613529801369, 0.011138848029077053, 0.028658131137490273, -0.011281680315732956, 0.042140569537878036, 0.013737495988607407, -0.028338108211755753, 0.031123436987400055, 0.07495570182800293, -0.03282451257109642, -0.05242588743567467, -0.02878798544406891, -0.0024545197375118732, 0.02699130028486252, -0.005113651975989342, 0.036155540496110916, 0.05336901918053627, 0.020105600357055664, 0.008261558599770069, -0.009967847727239132, 0.006796190049499273, -0.009273098781704903, 0.046974848955869675, 0.027447056025266647, -0.010991668328642845, -0.0012319809757173061, 0.04891926422715187, 0.032588232308626175, 0.011770598590373993, 0.05503107234835625, 0.03123847022652626, 0.0015986051876097918, -0.0021533556282520294, 0.019010376185178757, -0.019711410626769066, 0.03227342292666435, -0.035975486040115356, 0.001887002494186163, -0.05931607633829117, 0.0062461425550282, 0.07369312644004822, 0.023324469104409218, 0.0024955752305686474, -0.05068397521972656, -0.028052225708961487, -0.05579347163438797, 0.014002530835568905, 0.01493171788752079, -0.009834271855652332, 0.013828340917825699, 0.01570994220674038, 0.017142273485660553, -0.019589850679039955, 0.012430352158844471, -0.024199701845645905, -0.09898316115140915, 0.020213108509778976, 0.02434278093278408, -0.009790424257516861, 0.02747168391942978, -0.0038214349187910557, -0.021616706624627113, -0.0057953898794949055, -0.010321428067982197, -0.010284056887030602, -0.0009051945526152849, 0.04085433855652809, 0.010537125170230865, 0.07965513318777084, 0.012277781032025814, 0.014139062725007534, 0.019264377653598785, 0.01825784519314766, 0.12663955986499786, 0.09236951917409897, 0.035942308604717255, -0.07081642001867294, 0.009984757751226425, 0.004434903152287006, -0.0051091378554701805, -0.003922574687749147, -0.03942352905869484, 0.018473118543624878, -0.001430218922905624, 0.030650334432721138, 0.04267578572034836, 0.007289027329534292, -0.011905092746019363, 0.053677547723054886, -0.01298603042960167, -0.003772757248952985, 0.021518483757972717, -0.0013021548511460423, -0.011338899843394756, -0.007208539173007011, -0.023224297910928726, 0.06179914250969887, 0.058968767523765564, -0.01167332474142313, -0.05336529761552811, -0.029611457139253616, 0.009015184827148914, -0.020664755254983902, -0.0474577434360981, 0.01043829508125782, 0.013817492872476578, 0.04628674313426018, 0.012751397676765919, -0.029198231175541878, 0.033364176750183105, 0.013898169621825218, 0.006396254524588585, 0.03419248387217522, -0.0032011722214519978, 0.02548931911587715, 0.01766340807080269, -0.012606985867023468, -0.038463693112134933, -0.03824387863278389, -0.04220346361398697, 0.014181487262248993, -0.03387626260519028, -0.022896623238921165, -0.018408993259072304, 0.0029784829821437597, -0.024133794009685516, -0.030013427138328552, -0.04201864078640938, 0.061098288744688034, 0.017488490790128708, -0.022419538348913193, -0.04671449959278107, -0.0200323686003685, -0.0011787888361141086, -0.00843485351651907, 0.030923902988433838, 0.0018442891305312514, -0.025648200884461403, -0.036342717707157135, -0.013914222829043865, 0.04055119305849075, 0.019775748252868652, 0.01379555743187666, 0.022739725187420845, -0.025147393345832825, -0.02653401345014572, -0.017340563237667084, 0.009181897155940533, 0.01909865438938141, 0.015843911096453667, -0.006543588824570179, -0.024297557771205902, -0.022458648309111595, -0.026416735723614693, -0.017609072849154472, -0.002824989380314946, 0.0011703537311404943, -0.02473641373217106, 0.029058536514639854, 0.00786091573536396, 0.018858663737773895, 0.0075872852467000484, 0.007681826129555702, 0.01180003397166729, 0.01940293237566948, -0.018900543451309204, -0.059280842542648315, -0.04596589878201485, 0.002567603485658765, -0.06552830338478088, -0.03273081034421921, -0.020950594916939735, 0.03333538770675659, 0.017063358798623085, 0.03109346702694893, 0.018254563212394714, 0.002704624319449067, -0.009392254054546356, 0.008606809191405773, 0.002647110028192401, -0.008663204498589039, -0.005623709410429001, -0.02489113248884678, 0.004769747611135244, -0.01445178035646677, 0.007712814956903458, -0.03371674194931984, -0.05206691101193428, 0.058320898562669754, -0.049574725329875946, -0.060590896755456924, -0.028298968449234962, -0.02453898824751377, 0.01585223339498043, -0.022121082991361618, 0.003240852151066065, -0.027877874672412872, -0.013625643216073513, -0.001613893429748714, -0.02590675838291645, 0.01833069883286953, 0.014277192763984203, -0.0046629575081169605, 0.012464884668588638, 0.039467133581638336, 0.019652506336569786, 0.04696914181113243, 0.0014875316992402077, 0.0400855727493763, -0.017471518367528915, 0.004755659494549036, -0.006113878451287746, -0.028917865827679634, 0.01715187542140484, -0.03573251888155937, -0.031183579936623573, 0.02508801780641079, -0.034690141677856445, 0.03360883519053459, -0.0030902414582669735, 0.009467797353863716, -0.004703416023403406, 0.0662248432636261, -0.00985041819512844, 0.005977895576506853, -0.01658196747303009, 0.040946945548057556, 0.030390942469239235, -0.00829672534018755, -0.023366818204522133, 0.011484172195196152, 0.011087135411798954, 0.04330267012119293, 0.09703795611858368, 0.022350208833813667, 0.013213200494647026, -0.005167600233107805, 0.02899675816297531, 0.041277460753917694, -0.009063095785677433, -0.018466966226696968, 0.016445010900497437, 0.05156617611646652, -0.01650293916463852, 0.053367357701063156, -0.0012144376523792744, 0.02413255162537098, -0.0804855152964592, -0.03223133087158203, 0.02950817532837391, 0.007116896100342274, 0.011315339244902134, -0.036821551620960236, -0.022353384643793106, 0.015342694707214832, -0.015724707394838333, -0.02417966164648533, 0.012659800238907337, -0.021999049931764603, -0.037766993045806885, 0.017163174226880074, -0.030525410547852516, 0.029760895296931267, 0.0367252416908741, -0.004787833895534277, 0.03803551197052002, -0.011596650816500187, -0.0035743897315114737, -0.06219792366027832, -0.021179884672164917, 0.003319729585200548, 0.03029264323413372, -0.04648958519101143, 0.01774340309202671, -0.01887335628271103, -0.003952213563024998, 0.003305902471765876, 0.0028775741811841726, 0.051710400730371475, 0.03022119216620922, 0.013320768252015114, -0.0022058901377022266, 0.06280484050512314, -0.019795425236225128, -0.01254709716886282, -0.006750043947249651, 0.04312931001186371, 0.03740236535668373, 0.014912612736225128, -0.06017839163541794, 0.015130394138395786, -0.003561947029083967, -0.020137734711170197, -0.014478248544037342, -0.0009430726058781147, -0.003491776529699564, 0.021900523453950882, -0.0528477244079113, -0.022668596357107162, 0.009343289770185947, -0.0400150902569294, 0.018479468300938606, -0.04401255398988724, 0.0035259637515991926, 0.059479303658008575, 0.020226584747433662, -0.03483368083834648, 0.02034734934568405, -0.004518323577940464, -0.03858715668320656, -0.01856190338730812, 0.0018518725410103798, -0.022066287696361542, -0.03955267742276192, -0.008702777326107025, 0.0006657516350969672, 0.013137836940586567, -0.008269445970654488, 0.029182152822613716, -0.03535854443907738, 0.043418221175670624, -0.037120793014764786, 0.0025663466658443213, 0.021515512838959694, -0.014063045382499695, 0.0000746663281461224, -0.05715949088335037, 0.05009045824408531, 0.021524643525481224, -0.031667374074459076, -0.03218989074230194, 0.005362303927540779, -0.03301338106393814, 0.03643403947353363, 0.04364726319909096, 0.021727874875068665, -0.049796734005212784, -0.021258557215332985, 0.06938551366329193, -0.04301656410098076, -0.028078973293304443, 0.016708707436919212, -0.0005294184084050357, -0.055404696613550186, 0.007142877206206322, 0.0011080282274633646, -0.0008137215045280755, 0.011471057310700417, 0.03402461111545563, -0.03335433453321457, -0.005373288877308369, 0.005237493198364973, -0.027425428852438927, -0.0017744789365679026, -0.012308385223150253, -0.003192091593518853, 0.04583297669887543, -0.0015591930132359266, -0.014397045597434044, 0.02009478583931923, 0.04864713177084923, -0.07034827023744583, 0.04652400687336922, -0.07412712275981903, -0.019648956134915352, 0.03670290485024452, -0.005112276878207922, 0.009671146050095558, -0.010721664875745773, 0.006580459885299206, 0.032696470618247986, -0.04296720027923584, -0.005017037037760019, -0.0035904371179640293, 0.006034343969076872, 0.05952811241149902, -0.04497970640659332, -0.003967805299907923, 0.006229626014828682, -0.0200632456690073, 0.005210783798247576, 0.02812524139881134, 0.015650730580091476, -0.008533407934010029, -0.017712928354740143, 0.011118123307824135, 0.02871357463300228, 0.0614035464823246, 0.029140455648303032, 0.046097710728645325, -0.011305338703095913, -0.0038211080245673656, 0.017397070303559303, -0.030194060876965523, 0.04592227563261986, 0.012689094059169292, 0.002884630113840103, 0.026082590222358704, -0.030086223036050797, -0.010140004567801952, -0.04309271275997162, -0.05141046270728111, -0.01939556747674942, -0.002578980755060911, 0.030346496030688286, 0.03642866387963295, 0.02777126617729664, 0.041925255209207535, 0.029488014057278633, -0.04470418393611908, 0.016929449513554573, -0.00616801530122757, 0.014946674928069115, -0.021564848721027374, -0.03217897191643715, -0.013031654991209507, -0.04875901713967323, -0.03920163959264755, -0.05004093423485756, 0.030749311670660973, 0.0006837307009845972, 0.005289367865771055, -0.02439269609749317, -0.018808230757713318, 0.023544570431113243, 0.044646210968494415, -0.06159757822751999, -0.040544543415308, -0.043569911271333694, -0.033211324363946915, -0.016368312761187553, -0.03605988621711731 ]
<p>I want to apply LDA in my study. I want to use LDA to classify my data. My data is a $M\times 20$ matrix, it means there are $20$ features in my data. How can I apply LDA for my data?</p> <p>And another question: Does LDA only work on data which have only two features ($M\times 2$ matrix)?</p>
74,127
[ -0.04670373722910881, 0.0017416314221918583, 0.0088878208771348, -0.00827824417501688, 0.061385367065668106, -0.0036394139751791954, -0.03455309942364693, -0.022060997784137726, 0.006757182069122791, -0.027742834761738777, 0.05761566013097763, 0.014321147464215755, 0.03705454245209694, 0.027775989845395088, 0.02933468297123909, 0.015623491257429123, -0.023634284734725952, -0.01213885098695755, -0.0013138136127963662, 0.036206163465976715, 0.0071785347536206245, -0.00828921515494585, 0.04294067621231079, 0.012360095977783203, -0.011145616881549358, 0.06056317687034607, 0.01590772345662117, -0.03125566244125366, 0.02184969186782837, 0.03504721075296402, -0.02288162149488926, -0.0291227325797081, 0.01712542027235031, 0.01716933771967888, 0.01836473122239113, -0.023521600291132927, -0.026092708110809326, -0.012221254408359528, 0.0027427300810813904, 0.018532834947109222, -0.018161939457058907, -0.0557205006480217, 0.020763270556926727, 0.06744083017110825, -0.019821876659989357, 0.037743519991636276, 0.027020609006285667, -0.047187380492687225, 0.027994615957140923, -0.05334886908531189, 0.11049187928438187, 0.006903871428221464, 0.030875975266098976, 0.03297929838299751, -0.008892855606973171, 0.003851169953122735, 0.015696581453084946, 0.08111739903688431, 0.002309657633304596, -0.029211629182100296, -0.017868034541606903, -0.011126106604933739, 0.022036494687199593, -0.022052468731999397, -0.01881357468664646, 0.03206833451986313, -0.017524465918540955, 0.017934167757630348, 0.009135897271335125, -0.011772445403039455, -0.010106311179697514, -0.0007835674332454801, 0.043987125158309937, -0.031828299164772034, -0.025546805933117867, -0.01863739639520645, 0.010300258174538612, 0.026436299085617065, 0.03606489300727844, 0.009557784534990788, 0.0514196902513504, 0.018734777346253395, -0.003296143840998411, 0.03156207129359245, 0.018572574481368065, -0.024460207670927048, 0.04788585007190704, -0.005573668982833624, 0.03779182955622673, -0.009501981548964977, -0.009807735681533813, -0.011348077096045017, 0.02640618570148945, 0.014508433640003204, -0.022799942642450333, 0.03310840204358101, -0.017836136743426323, 0.028126319870352745, 0.029972635209560394, -0.030854757875204086, -0.0009374544024467468, 0.001093918806873262, 0.005950361955910921, 0.044149212539196014, -0.019201936200261116, -0.0021558040753006935, -0.045700009912252426, 0.004088196437805891, -0.005925753619521856, 0.00024664789089001715, 0.0039908126927912235, 0.05362837761640549, 0.027356555685400963, -0.0011322674108669162, 0.014417724683880806, 0.0006703406688757241, -0.013823471963405609, 0.004812565632164478, 0.02764289639890194, 0.09689541161060333, -0.009886486455798149, -0.051335640251636505, 0.0017598941922187805, -0.012849422171711922, -0.051775749772787094, 0.025128616020083427, 0.008013300597667694, -0.0012270506704226136, -0.038804832845926285, 0.04760057106614113, -0.0057016219943761826, -0.016767198219895363, 0.01039153803139925, -0.005620234180241823, 0.02631475031375885, 0.006548352539539337, -0.1057187169790268, -0.06404195725917816, 0.04131704196333885, -0.014796664007008076, 0.029831228777766228, -0.025552136823534966, -0.006817568559199572, 0.02098287083208561, 0.04923319071531296, 0.028439605608582497, 0.03837974742054939, 0.05691089108586311, 0.03704726696014404, -0.023681845515966415, -0.0142182232812047, -0.02119218185544014, -0.04371101036667824, -0.02034349925816059, -0.004075040575116873, -0.08297997713088989, 0.0008898431551642716, 0.022811265662312508, -0.015062043443322182, -0.029732491821050644, 0.0443325936794281, 0.01582743600010872, -0.021219072863459587, 0.01598452217876911, -0.018878372386097908, -0.00913916528224945, 0.052366454154253006, 0.028014905750751495, 0.056189682334661484, 0.03651745989918709, -0.005820713005959988, 0.00804430153220892, 0.022423217073082924, 0.07014470547437668, 0.023542722687125206, 0.02333180047571659, -0.027258053421974182, -0.0013320634607225657, 0.040623221546411514, -0.009126834571361542, -0.06713728606700897, -0.0448036715388298, -0.0058504631742835045, 0.017475660890340805, -0.0039083040319383144, 0.0172991044819355, 0.019081780686974525, 0.003823675913736224, -0.011976930312812328, -0.022855032235383987, -0.029413243755698204, -0.04164648801088333, 0.030398843809962273, -0.04318786412477493, -0.018669603392481804, -0.012814094312489033, 0.03288424760103226, 0.004659345373511314, -0.009572086855769157, 0.0004718641866929829, -0.048116132616996765, -0.02669203095138073, 0.01816471293568611, -0.0454818457365036, -0.009251480922102928, 0.014329647645354271, 0.0391891784965992, -0.047948554158210754, 0.062463659793138504, -0.04684959724545479, -0.01628570817410946, -0.006040697917342186, -0.027270937338471413, 0.03168628364801407, 0.008334782905876637, -0.004202184267342091, 0.008925803005695343, 0.014712837524712086, -0.035797350108623505, 0.04904387146234512, -0.047535113990306854, 0.07489941269159317, 0.0546608567237854, 0.012856907211244106, 0.03739077225327492, -0.002563213463872671, 0.013757305219769478, 0.015216841362416744, 0.0031243443954735994, -0.03850042074918747, -0.07429123669862747, -0.02404666692018509, 0.026887131854891777, 0.02630806341767311, -0.06804528832435608, 0.029991069808602333, 0.0715663731098175, 0.04198687523603439, -0.0017513771308586001, 0.002465382218360901, -0.02778986282646656, -0.026604920625686646, -0.004468825645744801, 0.03989208862185478, -0.03036286123096943, -0.001435074140317738, -0.012719903141260147, 0.02141399309039116, 0.04208971560001373, -0.0017632986418902874, -0.01517665944993496, 0.06815583258867264, -0.03893139213323593, 0.0011488702148199081, -0.00467624980956316, -0.012084247544407845, 0.052066076546907425, 0.0037612963933497667, 0.013835661113262177, 0.054018937051296234, 0.0044372170232236385, -0.007158552762120962, -0.011256437748670578, -0.03451504185795784, 0.018005279824137688, 0.03950735554099083, -0.04531291127204895, 0.003146390663459897, 0.024890290573239326, -0.047679465264081955, 0.039298560470342636, 0.005524936132133007, -0.010326692834496498, -0.011843389831483364, 0.003782941261306405, 0.06230739876627922, 0.003329408587887883, 0.017020205035805702, -0.01729072816669941, -0.05198246240615845, 0.014304536394774914, -0.03070441447198391, 0.018152736127376556, -0.019579701125621796, -0.04341255500912666, 0.013953915797173977, -0.023358583450317383, -0.015488198958337307, 0.04469739645719528, 0.00331214745528996, 0.0003984304494224489, 0.028845805674791336, -0.015349840745329857, -0.05692323297262192, -0.06222771480679512, -0.011960281059145927, 0.04736984148621559, -0.032684046775102615, -0.04093168303370476, 0.032598190009593964, 0.018620982766151428, -0.044372547417879105, -0.018824612721800804, -0.04054034873843193, -0.029618391767144203, -0.02983338013291359, -0.010574987158179283, 0.018053462728857994, 0.006099966820329428, -0.00830028299242258, 0.03167807683348656, -0.05119011551141739, 0.00008791237632976845, -0.05363435670733452, -0.049386024475097656, 0.023626724258065224, 0.0076544261537492275, 0.056448083370923996, -0.0035294094122946262, -0.010787761770188808, 0.05083826556801796, 0.05669761076569557, -0.03950949013233185, -0.01069793663918972, -0.010283144190907478, -0.06651575118303299, -0.07194025069475174, 0.04743996635079384, -0.00033054902451112866, 0.004584353417158127, 0.025204092264175415, 0.006556195672601461, 0.00943453423678875, 0.08901235461235046, -0.0027033346705138683, -0.023532981052994728, 0.00908538606017828, 0.0042156619019806385, -0.02710445038974285, 0.018263114616274834, 0.0020848310086876154, -0.03435678407549858, -0.004423736594617367, -0.005959199741482735, 0.021716108545660973, 0.014291801489889622, -0.037778787314891815, 0.008108211681246758, -0.03943360969424248, 0.011504825204610825, -0.027825482189655304, 0.0064945281483232975, 0.024653814733028412, 0.004362192936241627, -0.005862726364284754, 0.015116553753614426, 0.04161088541150093, -0.040629684925079346, -0.005471469834446907, 0.05477236211299896, 0.004745501093566418, -0.008438916876912117, 0.009342201054096222, 0.0007143340189941227, -0.019915791228413582, -0.0017798859626054764, 0.000024809945898596197, 0.0034270347096025944, 0.0295176412910223, 0.045488085597753525, 0.023522276431322098, 0.00044190482003614306, -0.03942720964550972, 0.03504800796508789, -0.06732018291950226, 0.007788815535604954, -0.025526447221636772, 0.05160265043377876, -0.012664594687521458, 0.016141235828399658, 0.0028739450499415398, 0.011151475831866264, 0.05257876217365265, -0.025944378226995468, -0.04377997666597366, 0.026705361902713776, -0.025267833843827248, 0.021249620243906975, 0.01203281618654728, -0.024975193664431572, 0.02911250665783882, -0.022234003990888596, -0.019769176840782166, 0.013035284355282784, 0.03249165788292885, -0.05505478382110596, 0.030569925904273987, -0.02307639643549919, -0.03548606112599373, -0.030431393533945084, 0.031412724405527115, 0.01974170096218586, -0.004845854826271534, 0.03001582808792591, 0.061304520815610886, -0.016379494220018387, -0.023688551038503647, -0.011833527125418186, -0.013277237303555012, 0.011126825585961342, 0.05051010102033615, -0.005753206554800272, 0.03867452219128609, -0.044790931046009064, 0.04134572669863701, -0.031297534704208374, 0.052440088242292404, 0.008622445166110992, 0.016194725409150124, -0.031407397240400314, -0.03454067185521126, -0.02348831295967102, -0.023612236604094505, 0.013806379400193691, -0.0035664222668856382, -0.01848348043859005, 0.02522861957550049, 0.017419559881091118, -0.076928049325943, 0.014885861426591873, 0.05239977687597275, 0.02198857069015503, -0.012680118903517723, -0.04862780496478081, 0.0024976555723696947, 0.004885130096226931, -0.01639537326991558, 0.03198835998773575, -0.0361788310110569, -0.007450983859598637, -0.015360564924776554, 0.06092047691345215, -0.022015100345015526, -0.03344046324491501, 0.00739899929612875, 0.021553020924329758, 0.034058816730976105, 0.009121367707848549, -0.04417603462934494, -0.009163199923932552, 0.05975843593478203, 0.031242553144693375, 0.006780024152249098, 0.016800731420516968, -0.09183865785598755, 0.0005004443228244781, 0.019591638818383217, 0.0481991283595562, -0.03644478693604469, -0.001990128308534622, -0.0465085543692112, -0.02389397658407688, 0.04140058159828186, -0.01865234225988388, 0.033494580537080765, 0.010928653180599213, 0.024638790637254715, -0.05220700055360794, 0.051686402410268784, -0.02990112081170082, -0.008935908786952496, -0.0015601330669596791, 0.04854438453912735, -0.018999673426151276, -0.044867731630802155, -0.05574019253253937, 0.012989770621061325, 0.043748319149017334, 0.034672342240810394, -0.0038026180118322372, 0.0073624830693006516, -0.0083044758066535, 0.03516697883605957, -0.006682577542960644, -0.06048912554979324, 0.009269427508115768, 0.0652821883559227, -0.024640820920467377, 0.030047036707401276, -0.005401024594902992, -0.029601549729704857, 0.009400537237524986, 0.024878287687897682, -0.017899679020047188, -0.017394986003637314, -0.0013430191902443767, 0.005113220773637295, 0.010400258004665375, 0.01220841147005558, 0.05915968120098114, 0.020182698965072632, 0.010134466923773289, -0.000828308635391295, -0.02347218617796898, 0.037380337715148926, -0.03532335162162781, -0.009419538080692291, -0.02596614509820938, 0.019218407571315765, -0.043644580990076065, 0.035463687032461166, 0.007255716249346733, 0.03017347678542137, -0.021946702152490616, -0.016390936449170113, -0.03541790321469307, 0.052010565996170044, -0.03162284567952156, -0.03948134183883667, -0.010153506882488728, 0.017521502450108528, -0.010772325098514557, 0.0029251365922391415, 0.05974940210580826, -0.01230933703482151, 0.0037152229342609644, -0.003982659429311752, -0.01736384443938732, -0.010324175469577312, -0.02634402923285961, -0.016285914927721024, 0.021143557503819466, -0.025377972051501274, 0.049254409968853, -0.02599850296974182, 0.024868471547961235, -0.0022318509873002768, -0.05869906395673752, 0.020745251327753067, 0.024793608114123344, -0.011353222653269768, 0.01891476660966873, -0.05220415070652962, 0.01874651201069355, -0.030110102146863937, -0.009190780110657215, -0.09039150178432465, -0.029062321409583092, -0.00639009103178978, 0.008715779520571232, -0.04360571503639221, -0.023566583171486855, -0.013667088001966476, 0.0028551171999424696, -0.03707994148135185, -0.006158446427434683, 0.04455495998263359, -0.02066417969763279, -0.026478935033082962, 0.02910890243947506, 0.004657633136957884, 0.0650690346956253, 0.009382289834320545, -0.01961749792098999, -0.0028209886513650417, -0.03426225483417511, 0.0034299022518098354, -0.019871685653924942, 0.02128424681723118, -0.028841866180300713, -0.006570415571331978, -0.06448490917682648, 0.037357479333877563, 0.03162990137934685, -0.03846152871847153, -0.004524464253336191, -0.01443922147154808, 0.009782458655536175, 0.011027872562408447, -0.050703976303339005, 0.006080621853470802, -0.011619655415415764, -0.012898236513137817, -0.023475876078009605, 0.00830951239913702, -0.016861967742443085, -0.011811293661594391, 0.02443687617778778, 0.007613457273691893, 0.010673305951058865, 0.015521887689828873, 0.08738822489976883, -0.0031717114616185427, 0.02140522003173828, 0.001657558954320848, -0.02780187875032425, 0.02300039306282997, -0.018966931849718094, 0.021224945783615112, 0.019903220236301422, 0.03191350772976875, -0.03581401705741882, -0.05085137486457825, -0.04518485069274902, 0.030342645943164825, 0.06898067891597748, 0.010296634398400784, 0.04595905914902687, 0.04830038920044899, 0.0007235992234200239, 0.0076579744927585125, -0.05168602243065834, -0.005911302752792835, 0.008326081559062004, 0.0006096647121012211, 0.05474095419049263, 0.00557442381978035, -0.02600059099495411, 0.01984494924545288, 0.0321982279419899, 0.016677051782608032, 0.040095359086990356, 0.04794974625110626, 0.0075917490758001804, 0.02397875115275383, -0.010404961183667183, -0.06621963530778885, -0.0028037969022989273, -0.02288738265633583, 0.01971360482275486, -0.023843979462981224, -0.023259302601218224, 0.0634995773434639, 0.057363539934158325, 0.033433206379413605, -0.020264411345124245, 0.010979816317558289, -0.05810670182108879, 0.04243341088294983, 0.027923375368118286, 0.018389767035841942, 0.03545099124312401, 0.008656827732920647, 0.03249237686395645, -0.012474507093429565, -0.02040763571858406, 0.014931241050362587, -0.07017365843057632, -0.047638338059186935, -0.04094026982784271, -0.041110146790742874, 0.03136833757162094, 0.0032872601877897978, -0.024510426446795464, 0.005295499227941036, -0.02669398859143257, 0.005751720163971186, 0.007312902715057135, 0.03383542597293854, -0.0020070921164005995, 0.025868991389870644, 0.006420695222914219, 0.02423318661749363, 0.029218235984444618, -0.0015761672984808683, 0.11882440000772476, 0.09507578611373901, 0.03608880192041397, -0.06596996635198593, 0.025365030393004417, 0.0030199491884559393, -0.02329625003039837, -0.07971497625112534, 0.025785621255636215, -0.02799416147172451, 0.009550301358103752, 0.020340578630566597, 0.03209362551569939, 0.015263626351952553, 0.0025670393370091915, 0.07044605910778046, -0.05597034841775894, -0.04792075231671333, 0.015684179961681366, -0.010760820470750332, -0.011556871235370636, 0.019806627184152603, -0.02298838458955288, 0.0316505990922451, -0.0062698377296328545, -0.018117232248187065, -0.015123259276151657, -0.0015449085040017962, 0.02776992879807949, -0.01342661865055561, -0.009870166890323162, -0.008461409248411655, 0.02790605090558529, 0.021830717101693153, -0.024273501709103584, 0.029381077736616135, 0.003005593316629529, -0.007746994495391846, -7.81718867415293e-8, 0.012310180813074112, -0.011358870193362236, -0.017446184530854225, -0.003972001373767853, 0.009580621495842934, -0.03367999568581581, -0.0326080285012722, -0.04804574325680733, 0.023864828050136566, -0.012189633212983608, -0.008761449716985226, 0.008292573504149914, 0.015409636311233044, -0.026394031941890717, -0.049089670181274414, -0.0011331241112202406, 0.0013601996470242739, 0.05391344055533409, -0.01430044136941433, -0.04726021736860275, -0.05808490887284279, 0.007470190525054932, -0.027830522507429123, 0.031174885109066963, 0.010002756491303444, 0.029807042330503464, -0.001961271045729518, -0.0013514196034520864, 0.019775981083512306, 0.0009183494839817286, 0.04047057777643204, -0.06616120785474777, -0.009511513635516167, -0.004711557179689407, -0.02531464584171772, 0.009743557311594486, 0.0065979426726698875, 0.014855735003948212, 0.010478216223418713, -0.03866363316774368, -0.024029426276683807, -0.07170946151018143, 0.00759347528219223, 0.006193423643708229, -0.012501353397965431, -0.04886588826775551, 0.02858346700668335, 0.01412929967045784, 0.040256284177303314, 0.019664587453007698, 0.013247047550976276, 0.010319635272026062, 0.007508171256631613, -0.006624544970691204, -0.02195926010608673, -0.03169858083128929, -0.025850089266896248, -0.01941295526921749, 0.014579481445252895, -0.04687219113111496, 0.034547820687294006, 0.03283029422163963, 0.011131125502288342, -0.029177073389291763, 0.04227389022707939, -0.031069280579686165, 0.017539290711283684, -0.0064008114859461784, -0.01894228905439377, 0.0077756959944963455, 0.027345692738890648, -0.002616778016090393, -0.024436896666884422, -0.010113771073520184, -0.028950436040759087, -0.04444780573248863, 0.03539413958787918, 0.014318889006972313, -0.009558332152664661, -0.005485763773322105, -0.026889976114034653, 0.010394984856247902, -0.041220009326934814, -0.017497168853878975, -0.047729697078466415, 0.01991250552237034, -0.008271581493318081, -0.02065877616405487, -0.008207984268665314, 0.004275359679013491, -0.031411439180374146, 0.02157193422317505, 0.04853912815451622, 0.012726012617349625, -0.0018834962975233793, 0.01847083680331707, 0.01207996066659689, -0.01842932589352131, 0.06160562485456467, -0.01676211692392826, -0.00027573146508075297, 0.048756539821624756, -0.06651472300291061, 0.009614271111786366, 0.016850654035806656, -0.01755356229841709, 0.049845222383737564, 0.04810144007205963, 0.011726738885045052, -0.03434562683105469, 0.024363720789551735, -0.011356787756085396, -0.023523960262537003, -0.01771601103246212, -0.007834071293473244, -0.010905700735747814, 0.006477107293903828, 0.020990103483200073, 0.005976400803774595, -0.015548120252788067, 0.009628447704017162, 0.05482541397213936, 0.022264262661337852, -0.04787440225481987, 0.02061147429049015, -0.008132334798574448, 0.04295678809285164, 0.0033892455976456404, 0.0043231528252363205, 0.029099805280566216, 0.058224085718393326, -0.007778983563184738, 0.02437855862081051, 0.01798257976770401, 0.005325099918991327, -0.11681476980447769, 0.008504378609359264, 0.020173728466033936, 0.007726030424237251, 0.0413215197622776, -0.06945236027240753, 0.0007033402798697352, 0.017151786014437675, -0.011851228773593903, 0.009860679507255554, -0.010464847087860107, 0.006048087030649185, -0.02015094831585884, 0.014399082399904728, -0.026067813858389854, 0.027503613382577896, 0.026418430730700493, 0.029934782534837723, 0.06127752363681793, 0.05418465659022331, -0.0035077733919024467, -0.01589065231382847, 0.007872222922742367, 0.023835428059101105, 0.005975514650344849, -0.06796422600746155, 0.04498112574219704, -0.012789539992809296, -0.05351317673921585, 0.03187859058380127, -0.016370020806789398, 0.01973002590239048, 0.032576270401477814, -0.005756134167313576, -0.003477024845778942, 0.04472152516245842, 0.03301675617694855, -0.018999064341187477, -0.005392265040427446, 0.03856341913342476, 0.00025927231763489544, -0.009359429590404034, -0.027867302298545837, 0.03248704597353935, 0.018646610900759697, -0.04542887583374977, -0.04581906273961067, 0.00830022431910038, -0.006921115797013044, -0.004892554134130478, -0.008041607216000557, -0.0104300482198596, 0.010589536279439926, -0.04317155107855797, 0.020454665645956993, -0.0037975984159857035, -0.007490621879696846, 0.030848367139697075, -0.010409388691186905, -0.02407059632241726, 0.044574227184057236, 0.007007541134953499, -0.052810780704021454, 0.04077574610710144, -0.0005278326570987701, -0.02580820769071579, -0.09891314059495926, 0.008693902753293514, 0.02091180719435215, -0.020747719332575798, -0.04327742010354996, -0.0011387498816475272, -0.054079338908195496, 0.06258346140384674, -0.020425282418727875, 0.016442295163869858, 0.039594799280166626, -0.041764866560697556, 0.01574612781405449, -0.06336817890405655, 0.05106782168149948, 0.003694519167765975, -0.02677135542035103, 0.002123972401022911, -0.0045818425714969635, -0.013090594671666622, -0.009745854884386063, 0.04576574265956879, 0.015508418902754784, 0.03896644338965416, -0.029397472739219666, 0.03035607747733593, 0.011017845012247562, -0.03865360468626022, 0.0265126284211874, -0.025300681591033936, -0.01357901282608509, -0.05020832270383835, -0.027504824101924896, -0.007827573455870152, 0.005774735007435083, 0.03664519637823105, -0.01665407046675682, -0.002781725488603115, 0.014259357936680317, -0.019867168739438057, 0.01403511967509985, 0.0018278008792549372, -0.0069495574571192265, 0.04404955729842186, 0.005100292153656483, 0.03097713179886341, 0.01718330942094326, -0.010628902353346348, -0.02432416006922722, 0.01585100032389164, -0.034845020622015, 0.0004224707081448287, 0.003657783381640911, 0.024685317650437355, -0.0016593089094385505, -0.05273275449872017, -0.029066942632198334, 0.03096216730773449, -0.00470069469884038, -0.005144646856933832, 0.021274741739034653, 0.012274237349629402, 0.033479299396276474, 0.006167254410684109, 0.01518511027097702, 0.014348054304718971, -0.033354222774505615, 0.01609468087553978, 0.003807739820331335, 0.026639005169272423, -0.035873398184776306, -0.0071114106103777885, 0.007264354266226292, 0.008180866949260235, 0.018068384379148483, -0.01750997081398964, 0.036374058574438095, -0.04507846757769585, 0.0009928736835718155, 0.01706049218773842, 0.006584912538528442, 0.010338898748159409, -0.03657868131995201, 0.0016602399991825223, 0.03970106691122055, -0.037199150770902634, -0.013123605400323868, -0.04621398076415062, -0.055665381252765656, -0.034700457006692886, 0.011197016574442387, 0.00429531978443265, 0.058707814663648605, 0.015530944801867008, 0.019975602626800537, -0.005542544182389975, -0.042779017239809036, 0.03843357786536217, -0.014030958525836468, 0.035783734172582626, -0.000362328311894089, -0.006466752849519253, -0.005389802623540163, 0.024075312539935112, -0.0005804733373224735, -0.011391558684408665, 0.019294794648885727, 0.04354695975780487, 0.035417091101408005, -0.02418559603393078, -0.009026960469782352, -0.012834395281970501, -0.004016731400042772, -0.05726643651723862, -0.02852296456694603, -0.05896330624818802, -0.017653150483965874, -0.005789065267890692, -0.02177656628191471 ]
<p>I am attempting to recreate the model in this paper:</p> <p><a href="http://abdulpinjari.weebly.com/uploads/9/6/7/8/9678119/pinjari_etal_transportation_iatbr2009specialissue.pdf" rel="nofollow">Pinjari (2011)</a></p> <p>in which the author uses a 4 equation system with discrete choice dependent variables in each of the 4 equations. Does anyone know if R has a package that performs these type of estimations? If not, are there some key words I am missing to find out how others have performed these types of estimations?</p>
74,128
[ -0.024988846853375435, -0.028952322900295258, 0.019688615575432777, 0.028057167306542397, 0.04007473960518837, 0.006444623693823814, -0.009550592862069607, -0.007157331798225641, 0.042814772576093674, -0.006163056939840317, 0.007865444757044315, 0.07724979519844055, 0.06365884840488434, 0.033295128494501114, 0.025560785084962845, 0.009334040805697441, -0.0071193440817296505, 0.011442375369369984, 0.002774686785414815, 0.002391157206147909, 0.010615049861371517, 0.024095306172966957, 0.013371866196393967, -0.0017070916946977377, -0.01828642562031746, 0.03272644430398941, 0.016256490722298622, -0.025298014283180237, -0.0062662335112690926, 0.06324155628681183, -0.031838636845350266, -0.008045535534620285, 0.0007241641287691891, 0.06962525844573975, -0.004492202773690224, 0.01998133771121502, -0.04382665082812309, -0.061499521136283875, 0.0006021058070473373, 0.009417980909347534, -0.046956393867731094, -0.034221112728118896, 0.004668767563998699, 0.01570308394730091, 0.00707040773704648, 0.035090863704681396, 0.01847967877984047, -0.022230906412005424, 0.06776249408721924, -0.057050056755542755, 0.10161300003528595, 0.0018727451097220182, 0.02054227888584137, 0.03830157220363617, -0.022784274071455002, -0.007280033081769943, 0.05592711642384529, 0.07695593684911728, 0.01059332862496376, -0.05653752014040947, -0.019121699035167694, -0.022556044161319733, 0.003204026259481907, -0.04670099541544914, -0.07287687063217163, 0.012039986439049244, -0.0011369766434654593, -0.0377473346889019, 0.04704581946134567, -0.017286717891693115, 0.00007707464828854427, 0.00786878727376461, 0.021292438730597496, 0.019577382132411003, 0.0010337693383917212, -0.008529042825102806, 0.013562642969191074, 0.009465426206588745, 0.05602487921714783, 0.04031376540660858, -0.008313994854688644, -0.023317789658904076, 0.0075172134675085545, 0.03647354245185852, -0.006785865407437086, -0.017791012302041054, 0.04982113465666771, -0.018130384385585785, 0.02549196034669876, -0.01544183399528265, -0.02617577463388443, -0.0037657725624740124, 0.055268507450819016, 0.013549195602536201, 0.0034414466936141253, 0.018689660355448723, -0.0031864368356764317, 0.034829236567020416, -0.006399441510438919, -0.03661114349961281, 0.008952592499554157, -0.023395104333758354, -0.02069530449807644, 0.057392388582229614, -0.007191147189587355, 0.0027561248280107975, -0.0282122939825058, -0.016823675483465195, -0.019038299098610878, -0.04629220813512802, -0.05530734360218048, 0.01679300144314766, 0.019733963534235954, -0.008105862885713577, -0.0029528425075113773, -0.023800432682037354, -0.030525166541337967, -0.02302577905356884, 0.0559246726334095, 0.10173099488019943, 0.026770608499646187, -0.04065939784049988, 0.02138986624777317, -0.02871553786098957, -0.05238407105207443, -0.0027256442699581385, 0.003198447171598673, -0.012233447283506393, -0.007483149413019419, 0.049640167504549026, 0.020703410729765892, -0.007592137902975082, 0.07033034414052963, 0.021426796913146973, 0.016489814966917038, 0.00530433701351285, -0.05840136110782623, -0.06272375583648682, 0.00564568443223834, -0.040914811193943024, 0.06253580003976822, -0.05345887318253517, 0.003284394508227706, -0.02284853905439377, 0.05124026909470558, -0.024549763649702072, 0.04498253017663956, 0.04296392574906349, 0.013990141451358795, 0.0026172997895628214, -0.03482963517308235, 0.021506600081920624, 0.005836071912199259, 0.008291726000607014, -0.01333344355225563, -0.09217403829097748, 0.026359811425209045, 0.02319376915693283, -0.003109488170593977, -0.0015804010909050703, 0.06547855585813522, 0.041656170040369034, -0.057102274149656296, 0.019839627668261528, 0.022306010127067566, -0.003098862711340189, 0.04350043088197708, -0.006991010159254074, 0.012865055352449417, -0.038293931633234024, 0.010079984553158283, 0.020401792600750923, -0.015945158898830414, 0.040033090859651566, 0.02427596040070057, -0.030617736279964447, -0.012911773286759853, -0.013048258610069752, -0.019281430169939995, 0.018711552023887634, 0.0020514093339443207, -0.04192790389060974, 0.029281148687005043, -0.04393927752971649, -0.004436042625457048, 0.025797462090849876, -0.012315171770751476, -0.018926702439785004, 0.02132313884794712, -0.04356043040752411, -0.03223266452550888, -0.0644872710108757, 0.0025813039392232895, -0.0045502809807658195, -0.003941599279642105, 0.007435268256813288, 0.00016187758592423052, 0.021397052332758904, 0.0158915426582098, -0.008105284534394741, -0.002999835181981325, 0.006786661222577095, 0.03937484323978424, 0.008740495890378952, -0.011841683648526669, 0.03848853334784508, 0.099799245595932, 0.0071436334401369095, 0.028052933514118195, -0.022397860884666443, -0.01678135246038437, 0.0005639898590743542, -0.05392303690314293, 0.03964780271053314, -0.023246729746460915, -0.026624154299497604, 0.02037462219595909, 0.005655667278915644, -0.007521915715187788, 0.026211438700556755, -0.06563201546669006, 0.004573121201246977, 0.07235009223222733, 0.028888458386063576, -0.014683102257549763, 0.021958746016025543, -0.012503751553595066, 0.06273072212934494, -0.03871432691812515, -0.031378213316202164, -0.01818149723112583, -0.0036753469612449408, 0.04680469259619713, 0.007481207139790058, -0.03167274594306946, 0.05402595177292824, 0.04552007094025612, 0.05448933318257332, 0.015048688277602196, 0.034042634069919586, -0.00026049319421872497, -0.039267562329769135, 0.052955448627471924, 0.011220895685255527, 0.013292374089360237, 0.0430355966091156, 0.003555373754352331, -0.013621409423649311, 0.040147192776203156, -0.03016219101846218, -0.028540190309286118, 0.027063854038715363, -0.01894848234951496, 0.032526273280382156, -0.03024337999522686, -0.017742818221449852, 0.06886065006256104, -0.03530021011829376, 0.0335656963288784, 0.0598493367433548, 0.024165483191609383, -0.007150104735046625, 0.033538080751895905, -0.014865607023239136, 0.02918856218457222, 0.050152916461229324, -0.02842823602259159, -0.0029381103813648224, 0.006637157406657934, -0.03193606436252594, 0.05467458814382553, -0.04160767048597336, -0.005396433174610138, -0.03924155607819557, 0.014402445405721664, 0.022065719589591026, 0.026506837457418442, -0.010102391242980957, -0.00877300277352333, 0.003098516259342432, 0.03299039602279663, 0.0011192953679710627, 0.006410292815417051, 0.04167015478014946, -0.04129995405673981, -0.0018398630199953914, -0.023106008768081665, -0.025810489431023598, 0.04406686872243881, -0.0015483637107536197, -0.034235209226608276, 0.05113164708018303, -0.020531492307782173, -0.05262302979826927, -0.001507720211520791, 0.010793911293148994, 0.027958344668149948, -0.05995353311300278, -0.013306853361427784, -0.005722496658563614, 0.0013841955224052072, -0.029871847480535507, -0.020001035183668137, -0.05647451803088188, -0.007529246620833874, 0.018034962937235832, -0.01430016104131937, 0.009007763117551804, 0.0012192963622510433, 0.029555339366197586, 0.028528064489364624, -0.013900162652134895, 0.011107907630503178, -0.10183316469192505, -0.041330207139253616, 0.035351287573575974, 0.0043725380674004555, 0.03552456945180893, 0.010586430318653584, -0.009960662573575974, 0.052314504981040955, 0.03189414367079735, -0.042161669582128525, -0.03033134900033474, -0.0005254647694528103, -0.0392555296421051, -0.0052705020643770695, -0.007899760268628597, 0.0392439104616642, 0.013003025203943253, 0.01629718206822872, -0.030637189745903015, 0.013542047701776028, 0.03788060322403908, -0.0015483831521123648, 0.008916675113141537, 0.03870313614606857, -0.006655997131019831, -0.01193283498287201, 0.007896584458649158, -0.0027642317581921816, -0.03835365176200867, 0.01064449641853571, -0.03338785469532013, 0.016497772186994553, -0.001957473112270236, -0.055192433297634125, -0.020533615723252296, -0.0070846956223249435, -0.05758833885192871, -0.036655012518167496, 0.016353648155927658, 0.01042445283383131, -0.04886507987976074, -0.000009550026334181894, 0.038224488496780396, 0.044358495622873306, -0.0011854784097522497, -0.0037754266522824764, 0.012051102705299854, 0.023847026750445366, -0.03533618152141571, 0.015210912562906742, -0.04151715710759163, -0.013375970534980297, -0.0006453434471040964, -0.02206333540380001, -0.0020713917911052704, 0.036585286259651184, 0.02108972892165184, 0.028586577624082565, 0.010728283785283566, -0.03626497834920883, 0.050170641392469406, -0.08313820511102676, 0.007767932489514351, -0.03423083573579788, 0.046727605164051056, 0.012103614397346973, 0.014210245572030544, -0.03994722291827202, 0.010779591277241707, 0.028695575892925262, 0.00678681768476963, -0.08374671638011932, 0.006735112518072128, -0.015456968918442726, 0.01651942916214466, 0.023490911349654198, -0.0320051908493042, 0.036139391362667084, -0.03697115555405617, 0.0015096045099198818, -0.0022538916673511267, 0.0297190323472023, -0.04180064797401428, -0.016510140150785446, 0.0075341504998505116, -0.021526489406824112, 0.012427167035639286, -0.038205694407224655, 0.05573995038866997, -0.030619865283370018, -0.011835628189146519, 0.02372768707573414, 0.006432077847421169, -0.03165939450263977, -0.05484646558761597, -0.0013654761714860797, 0.04109368100762367, 0.03910137340426445, 0.01425882987678051, 0.015509562566876411, -0.02427360787987709, 0.032989177852869034, -0.00012197316391393542, 0.029590953141450882, 0.05296258255839348, 0.0005351738072931767, -0.03876793012022972, -0.03510776907205582, -0.016355836763978004, 0.007338872179389, 0.009663100354373455, -0.01826915144920349, -0.004184889141470194, 0.08220522105693817, 0.035480797290802, -0.019173728302121162, -0.009934664703905582, 0.045392222702503204, 0.030873913317918777, 0.018341591581702232, -0.03771097958087921, -0.009796597063541412, 0.032625362277030945, 0.028424182906746864, 0.04027651250362396, -0.00021068917703814805, 0.006097502075135708, 0.04884783551096916, 0.02579117752611637, 0.01647578552365303, -0.04190849885344505, 0.013052011840045452, -0.01033555343747139, 0.033994823694229126, -0.007032988592982292, -0.05891921743750572, 0.028046051040291786, 0.08579431474208832, 0.015339828096330166, -0.0035001051146537066, -0.01360759325325489, -0.10884261876344681, -0.006315111648291349, -0.007620227988809347, 0.009278805926442146, -0.039795368909835815, 0.009288238361477852, -0.07547250390052795, -0.022870944812893867, 0.024954725056886673, -0.019428348168730736, 0.01790100336074829, -0.021801723167300224, -0.008866498246788979, 0.017127294093370438, -0.06297790259122849, -0.014198841527104378, -0.0005711721023544669, -0.04149877652525902, -0.0035479869693517685, -0.004701482132077217, -0.00768830394372344, -0.0077511947602033615, 0.03829531371593475, 0.038516219705343246, 0.047445692121982574, 0.01324417069554329, 0.015479154884815216, 0.022175613790750504, -0.0017785290256142616, -0.07596011459827423, -0.036185067147016525, 0.013427342288196087, 0.007559656631201506, -0.005706756375730038, 0.06291436403989792, -0.020111719146370888, -0.001183142769150436, -0.0021975827403366566, 0.01295487117022276, 0.005517199169844389, -0.017691390588879585, -0.05285373330116272, 0.012306117452681065, 0.01851288415491581, -0.015562132932245731, 0.04495041444897652, 0.01767919957637787, -0.012607001699507236, 0.024752195924520493, -0.007090545725077391, 0.03950735926628113, -0.004731278866529465, -0.060124825686216354, -0.04839518666267395, -0.023866409435868263, -0.0034081798512488604, 0.009916828945279121, -0.003630890278145671, 0.02524730935692787, -0.061904050409793854, -0.010609631426632404, 0.008395405486226082, 0.03416461870074272, 0.0011470051249489188, 0.008659889921545982, -0.012266584672033787, 0.023851314559578896, 0.0034133088774979115, -0.01713859662413597, 0.021936587989330292, -0.030492903664708138, -0.013037106953561306, 0.003183747176080942, -0.04296440631151199, 0.028782008215785027, -0.04525557532906532, -0.06727571785449982, 0.03617246448993683, -0.015266926027834415, 0.03840353712439537, -0.0299081951379776, 0.031144237145781517, -0.019284220412373543, -0.05839709937572479, -0.019333580508828163, 0.02408718876540661, 0.015034542419016361, 0.02053583599627018, -0.004594840109348297, 0.02294638752937317, -0.017163995653390884, 0.0032554874196648598, -0.0700031965970993, -0.05338604375720024, 0.055948641151189804, -0.01798350363969803, -0.05729004368185997, -0.06599494814872742, 0.02581624872982502, -0.031527914106845856, -0.04538097232580185, -0.01915324293076992, 0.04707031697034836, -0.035649847239255905, 0.0170450396835804, -0.019422978162765503, 0.02712961472570896, 0.018661409616470337, 0.009402633644640446, -0.0318976566195488, 0.029123306274414062, -0.03519554063677788, -0.012067577801644802, 0.001161475433036685, -0.0032507062423974276, -0.03125731274485588, 0.005512645468115807, -0.017919305711984634, -0.0005988515331409872, 0.028199072927236557, -0.022511960938572884, -0.006941461935639381, 0.014160562306642532, -0.02605852298438549, -0.005047200713306665, -0.02563401311635971, -0.002074840944260359, -0.0225113183259964, 0.0198226198554039, -0.0463075153529644, 0.007990720681846142, -0.015639113262295723, 0.014096797443926334, 0.05531143769621849, -0.04184817895293236, -0.02338596247136593, 0.005129615776240826, 0.08904340863227844, 0.03331746533513069, 0.012761258520185947, 0.02652730792760849, -0.00261222617700696, 0.04358574375510216, -0.011059079319238663, 0.011863925494253635, 0.03447128087282181, -0.011192585341632366, -0.05577215552330017, -0.05273934081196785, -0.04046501964330673, 0.007271833252161741, 0.03798562288284302, -0.03723708167672157, 0.042521052062511444, 0.06184034422039986, 0.0010304200695827603, -0.0017346940003335476, -0.010246454738080502, 0.005365329794585705, 0.053671784698963165, 0.0009295266936533153, 0.08370686322450638, -0.0033867915626615286, -0.0226200632750988, 0.034511812031269073, 0.017463769763708115, 0.009630002081394196, 0.040679022669792175, 0.002474540378898382, -0.0005904373829253018, 0.0036199744790792465, -0.01328311488032341, -0.039301663637161255, 0.0043710870668292046, 0.001829617191106081, 0.008705267682671547, -0.03797193244099617, -0.03877807781100273, 0.05837155133485794, 0.04163598269224167, 0.0255464818328619, -0.050968434661626816, -0.0166797935962677, -0.038874853402376175, 0.009799700230360031, 0.04645310714840889, -0.013015584088861942, -0.0004016433085780591, 0.027561642229557037, 0.01407797634601593, -0.025807088240981102, 0.057218872010707855, -0.012769525870680809, -0.0758993998169899, 0.019808731973171234, -0.018471410498023033, -0.01395112369209528, -0.003191177500411868, 0.009513217955827713, 0.004304311703890562, -0.01307075284421444, -0.0383991003036499, -0.01092375349253416, -0.003064987249672413, 0.017968574538826942, 0.013114131055772305, 0.07021773606538773, -0.022019868716597557, 0.009015087969601154, -0.024323970079421997, 0.006323534529656172, 0.12303835898637772, 0.10209447145462036, 0.03828854858875275, -0.07024527341127396, 0.018788300454616547, -0.0006756584625691175, -0.0026555457152426243, -0.028073955327272415, 0.025058476254343987, 0.01923181489109993, -0.008535080589354038, 0.025924989953637123, 0.049291640520095825, -0.004891324322670698, 0.0053572142496705055, 0.048367854207754135, -0.020371701568365097, -0.030732421204447746, 0.006881270557641983, -0.001968180062249303, 0.005787202622741461, -0.03324584662914276, -0.05345304682850838, 0.03398974984884262, 0.017164813354611397, -0.03758964687585831, -0.04036431014537811, -0.012894725427031517, 0.009331488981842995, 0.01631365343928337, -0.022457202896475792, -0.020817000418901443, 0.0051103015430271626, 0.01680784672498703, 0.007263707462698221, 0.03097039833664894, -0.0008173420210368931, -0.03359868377447128, -0.0009834636002779007, 0.04559090733528137, 0.00046661938540637493, 0.009802372194826603, 0.01167000737041235, 0.009592208079993725, -0.028957413509488106, 0.0064737130887806416, -0.04291374981403351, 0.02837800793349743, -0.013859244994819164, 0.002339654602110386, -0.02333907224237919, 0.012183507904410362, 0.00044122873805463314, -0.0463859848678112, -0.03719371184706688, 0.02277946099638939, 0.01973935216665268, -0.01860073208808899, -0.0012833325890824199, -0.029672179371118546, -0.018786322325468063, 0.009797020815312862, 0.01730237528681755, 0.01809057965874672, -0.06577831506729126, -0.028325535356998444, -0.016904348507523537, 0.038935787975788116, 0.010441727004945278, -0.0009962627664208412, -0.0013870496768504381, -0.017177898436784744, -0.041687771677970886, -0.01723286136984825, 0.024053238332271576, 0.004261351656168699, 0.01470576785504818, -0.01246353704482317, -0.014916322194039822, -0.031601279973983765, -0.029613392427563667, -0.003564875340089202, -0.03868706896901131, -0.01636872999370098, -0.033551331609487534, 0.015220428816974163, 0.04543662071228027, 0.009313460439443588, 0.038583915680646896, 0.014998883940279484, -0.026136713102459908, 0.021511297672986984, 0.016162315383553505, -0.042371273040771484, 0.012512010522186756, -0.03064090386033058, -0.03398328274488449, -0.0071391151286661625, -0.0033604037016630173, 0.04875154420733452, 0.01539786346256733, -0.0004640227125491947, -0.0267147496342659, 0.030653374269604683, -0.013880874961614609, 0.0308592077344656, 0.009511836804449558, -0.06836045533418655, 0.01685868389904499, -0.013188354671001434, 0.02881983295083046, -0.04330642893910408, 0.021881526336073875, -0.03539271280169487, -0.016888977959752083, -0.006937159691005945, -0.05363260582089424, -0.02640554867684841, 0.03941074386239052, -0.010094888508319855, 0.04160153865814209, -0.0300165843218565, 0.015497502870857716, -0.01072598434984684, -0.006788571365177631, -0.04938998818397522, 0.01533842459321022, -0.010175672359764576, 0.0011091429041698575, 0.005927366204559803, 0.016299927607178688, 0.03243325278162956, -0.033131178468465805, -0.01826086826622486, -0.01126993726938963, 0.018301652744412422, 0.04387114569544792, 0.04985245689749718, -0.017666809260845184, -0.02182317152619362, 0.02143002673983574, -0.03361237794160843, 0.0002434767666272819, -0.026859600096940994, -0.03254399076104164, 0.031288985162973404, -0.007844343781471252, -0.02656610868871212, -0.003129328368231654, 0.046045493334531784, -0.04444342851638794, 0.0027880454435944557, -0.004195960704237223, 0.03436564654111862, 0.01726635731756687, -0.02016298845410347, -0.03554908558726311, 0.011301250196993351, -0.026417620480060577, 0.02843479812145233, 0.03155243769288063, 0.006283681374043226, -0.0031961961649358273, 0.01894255355000496, -0.04417096823453903, 0.0008895023493096232, 0.0028930052649229765, -0.010260218754410744, -0.02545158565044403, 0.021260885521769524, 0.010090800002217293, 0.03152214735746384, 0.036294057965278625, -0.0012782656121999025, -0.07549271732568741, 0.013912743888795376, 0.018165821209549904, 0.02671385556459427, 0.04973960295319557, -0.06551887094974518, 0.039356499910354614, 0.0056729065254330635, -0.03659386187791824, -0.0016344928881153464, 0.0013543933164328337, 0.019898924976587296, -0.028236128389835358, -0.02783821150660515, -0.05146200582385063, 0.026889221742749214, 0.02840319834649563, 0.020335733890533447, 0.004874144680798054, 0.014485661871731281, 0.0015971146058291197, -0.01643737405538559, 0.02804461494088173, 0.0021000830456614494, 0.04734878987073898, -0.05267777293920517, 0.04225566238164902, -0.041867319494485855, -0.015616045333445072, 0.0571356862783432, 0.013492774218320847, 0.06493467092514038, 0.001673600054346025, 0.019956553354859352, 0.00113878829870373, 0.06420408934354782, 0.03146657720208168, 0.03172354772686958, 0.0022086743265390396, -0.04124586656689644, -0.006332868244498968, 0.002601474989205599, -0.022203195840120316, 0.004582636523991823, 0.022108079865574837, -0.005679314956068993, 0.009521424770355225, 0.045585986226797104, -0.026209207251667976, 0.0038921686355024576, -0.03475387021899223, -0.04220408946275711, 0.004069910384714603, -0.012117531150579453, 0.025806842371821404, -0.040178973227739334, -0.03665798157453537, 0.04067067801952362, -0.003583198646083474, -0.006686600390821695, -0.0008448032313026488, -0.013183929026126862, -0.043351974338293076, 0.026125358417630196, -0.01743396371603012, 0.0012346503790467978, -0.055136390030384064, 0.007309145759791136, 0.018252484500408173, 0.007564245257526636, -0.03782571852207184, -0.004593218676745892, -0.02344539761543274, 0.04342186078429222, -0.02593706175684929, -0.03598940372467041, 0.04232926294207573, -0.016573159024119377, 0.012679537758231163, -0.072175033390522, 0.07538270950317383, 0.026755839586257935, -0.037104032933712006, -0.002738542854785919, -0.022276945412158966, -0.034681711345911026, -0.017071500420570374, 0.04881720989942551, -0.008022069931030273, -0.03756774961948395, 0.023750100284814835, 0.04843364655971527, 0.019316164776682854, -0.03089631348848343, 0.006522481795400381, 0.003525924403220415, -0.02057422138750553, 0.004064830951392651, -0.0107980752363801, 0.023303791880607605, -0.0024731948506087065, -0.002329193754121661, -0.008066930808126926, 0.01735699735581875, 0.01885119639337063, -0.010333509184420109, -0.013487257063388824, 0.004868498537689447, -0.007865789346396923, 0.03927438706159592, 0.0016395044513046741, 0.040652815252542496, 0.02289719507098198, 0.0038067761342972517, -0.043514836579561234, 0.0030815547797828913, -0.03536170721054077, -0.016649378463625908, 0.00563059700652957, -0.007303401827812195, 0.01958443410694599, -0.026670388877391815, 0.01761637069284916, -0.008425850421190262, -0.0007538944482803345, -0.012280789203941822, 0.029647916555404663, 0.03670390695333481, 0.04322249814867973, -0.0028803059831261635, 0.020460814237594604, 0.01676047220826149, 0.005839535500854254, -0.005644601304084063, 0.02826044149696827, 0.014519564807415009, -0.003394345287233591, -0.011277624405920506, 0.02897636964917183, -0.02232738956809044, 0.012559670023620129, -0.00711046950891614, 0.011480960063636303, -0.01878550462424755, -0.02588718757033348, 0.03133868798613548, 0.02329964190721512, 0.030079705640673637, 0.002608835930004716, -0.01227013859897852, 0.0850294828414917, -0.030236240476369858, 0.009785113856196404, -0.008033300749957561, 0.010310097597539425, -0.02215675264596939, 0.009053189307451248, -0.023737387731671333, -0.006450982298702002, -0.0005092782666906714, 0.031070919707417488, -0.017248358577489853, 0.007187163922935724, 0.011106494814157486, -0.00688486872240901, -0.014117744751274586, -0.01616123877465725, -0.005204384680837393, -0.02818027324974537, -0.009669221006333828, 0.00195073161739856, -0.03103833645582199, 0.006533870007842779, 0.03070928528904915, 0.03226204216480255, -0.03360922262072563, 0.0017409337451681495, 0.03111170046031475, 0.08981446921825409, -0.07789137214422226, -0.017032848671078682, -0.007415960542857647, -0.003419870510697365, -0.024540305137634277, -0.013057919219136238 ]
<p>I know that one can easily get variance (unconditional) of a Garch (r,s) process : $\sigma^2= \frac { \alpha_0 } { (1- \Sigma_{i=1}^r \alpha_i - \Sigma_{j=1}^s \beta_j ) }$</p> <p>However I am struggling to get an analytical expression for Unconditional variance when there is an ARMA part also in Garch..</p> <p>that is ARMA(p,q)+ Garch (r,s)</p> <p>I will be grateful for any help ..Thanks</p> <p>Regards Dinakar</p>
74,129
[ -0.010546660050749779, -0.0017598564736545086, -0.010039581917226315, -0.02121654711663723, 0.044288892298936844, 0.0061242119409143925, -0.034943945705890656, -0.03617699816823006, -0.0069396221078932285, -0.058388855308294296, 0.021131938323378563, 0.025868335738778114, 0.05762264505028725, 0.035206642001867294, 0.012115123681724072, -0.01027785986661911, -0.015222957357764244, 0.005695640575140715, 0.023857885971665382, -0.011895411647856236, 0.002248622477054596, -0.0019279498374089599, -0.0033550939988344908, 0.00755488034337759, -0.04164624214172363, 0.0404803492128849, 0.04352840408682823, 0.009364960715174675, 0.012785235419869423, 0.07436850666999817, -0.03274012729525566, -0.009286646731197834, 0.0021508997306227684, 0.049073878675699234, 0.01250348798930645, 0.036035533994436264, -0.03277954086661339, -0.031116265803575516, -0.003560868091881275, 0.05349241942167282, -0.058155808597803116, -0.011760342866182327, -0.012236485257744789, 0.017013069242239, -0.030451353639364243, -0.0026101854164153337, -0.011850465089082718, -0.006724038161337376, 0.04153013229370117, -0.044331736862659454, 0.09326303005218506, -0.00981332641094923, 0.042664241045713425, 0.0037493931595236063, 0.008052172139286995, 0.029911227524280548, 0.05814982205629349, 0.029712995514273643, -0.0016817515715956688, -0.04843810200691223, -0.03645222634077072, 0.007652090396732092, 0.02940451167523861, -0.05445301905274391, -0.013762016780674458, -0.015711205080151558, 0.0009013958042487502, -0.03177837282419205, 0.04092567786574364, -0.01878124661743641, 0.04951578751206398, 0.03561637923121452, 0.007769726682454348, -0.015090023167431355, -0.006581759080290794, -0.012619268149137497, 0.0152931809425354, 0.030085736885666847, 0.03967800363898277, 0.0008867208962328732, 0.02380548045039177, 0.034097760915756226, 0.04880592226982117, 0.02254772000014782, 0.02794085629284382, -0.0015725939301773906, 0.06366582959890366, -0.0008102643769234419, 0.030954649671912193, 0.026617901399731636, -0.0010986297857016325, -0.004534468986093998, 0.0426689088344574, -0.004064114298671484, -0.06620181351900101, 0.02078535221517086, 0.00927481334656477, 0.0573471300303936, 0.02404993772506714, -0.020399415865540504, 0.0062851798720657825, -0.06656114757061005, 0.01534260343760252, 0.06170528009533882, 0.011322214268147945, 0.0002415672061033547, 0.030993375927209854, -0.02291874587535858, -0.01662176102399826, -0.04747334495186806, -0.028984274715185165, 0.005427692085504532, -0.010430943220853806, -0.030191980302333832, 0.04126900061964989, -0.0027168525848537683, -0.04086723551154137, -0.014829660765826702, 0.03791533783078194, 0.06258881837129593, 0.025582071393728256, 0.02048948034644127, -0.003653687657788396, -0.011540090665221214, -0.04899759590625763, 0.04542804881930351, 0.009938032366335392, -0.018877534195780754, -0.08863572031259537, 0.04407301917672157, 0.017772827297449112, -0.03067363053560257, -0.009100778959691525, -0.010767284780740738, 0.014920692890882492, -0.015570538118481636, -0.09128107875585556, -0.052334561944007874, 0.04327991604804993, -0.04263462498784065, 0.05125701427459717, -0.06527149677276611, 0.023514507338404655, 0.0455273762345314, 0.039672575891017914, -0.003703274065628648, 0.05981845036149025, 0.04660995304584503, 0.01844698190689087, 0.019070802256464958, -0.029181450605392456, -0.015560993924736977, -0.003482178784906864, -0.012585760094225407, 0.011806828901171684, -0.06605029106140137, -0.0014513535425066948, 0.030605021864175797, -0.03240780532360077, -0.00021290652512107044, 0.038924019783735275, 0.02273433469235897, -0.013335944153368473, -0.009345446713268757, -0.018288997933268547, -0.021957118064165115, 0.07076047360897064, -0.0014159412821754813, -0.01043690461665392, 0.00037365511525422335, -0.001185525907203555, -0.01817881315946579, 0.0054963757283985615, 0.016766531392931938, 0.03907600790262222, -0.028097210451960564, -0.005372985266149044, 0.005506879650056362, -0.009360231459140778, 0.06616271287202835, -0.050993911921978, -0.00425131618976593, -0.02428632788360119, -0.019581012427806854, 0.009698254056274891, 0.028858555480837822, -0.013712016865611076, -0.0023494521155953407, 0.019211018458008766, -0.05453634634613991, -0.013853034935891628, -0.0659656897187233, 0.030843444168567657, -0.04466670751571655, -0.0180574432015419, -0.002419328549876809, 0.009039032272994518, 0.018719037994742393, 0.003968394827097654, -0.037520769983530045, 0.033258721232414246, -0.002659932477399707, 0.031238893046975136, -0.05406615510582924, 0.02903071977198124, 0.006150031927973032, 0.03255818411707878, -0.024249041453003883, 0.03940688073635101, -0.014640848152339458, -0.05255483463406563, 0.018476160243153572, -0.036028239876031876, 0.03439487889409065, 0.0034716613590717316, -0.04829327389597893, 0.011966893449425697, -0.0004973751492798328, 0.010593323968350887, 0.008066268637776375, -0.030227823182940483, 0.033603768795728683, 0.07266754657030106, 0.026677589863538742, 0.0031296066008508205, 0.04610497131943703, 0.044076237827539444, 0.011517368257045746, -0.053190480917692184, -0.024845348671078682, -0.01851062662899494, -0.000507257180288434, 0.05751017853617668, 0.057856280356645584, -0.023397445678710938, -0.008274168707430363, 0.07136857509613037, 0.029713962227106094, 0.0062287612818181515, 0.026458632200956345, -0.0010864360956475139, -0.002933710580691695, 0.004461374133825302, 0.010655643418431282, -0.009943597950041294, 0.0034868905786424875, -0.03717398643493652, -0.01876828260719776, 0.035719133913517, 0.008376793935894966, -0.05378805473446846, 0.038564812391996384, 0.001406714553013444, 0.013212256133556366, 0.02144872210919857, -0.06346524506807327, 0.07121652364730835, -0.006159375421702862, 0.0038410553243011236, 0.06645175814628601, 0.0011076063383370638, 0.012482197023928165, 0.019355446100234985, -0.012290951795876026, 0.017796706408262253, 0.0009683278040029109, -0.041481275111436844, -0.021310031414031982, 0.0026454776525497437, -0.02589963562786579, 0.0012153096031397581, 0.00577502278611064, -0.0064027863554656506, -0.02444811351597309, -0.02411697246134281, 0.02587486431002617, -0.0044796522706747055, -0.007049656473100185, -0.0245509035885334, -0.057299088686704636, 0.02689364366233349, 0.015101930126547813, -0.008960750885307789, 0.0074655464850366116, -0.03361174091696739, 0.06334251165390015, -0.005751931574195623, -0.002161750802770257, 0.010237699374556541, -0.01167830266058445, 0.014507008716464043, 0.006440173834562302, -0.02022804133594036, -0.031263187527656555, -0.007778237573802471, 0.008363678120076656, 0.004676977638155222, -0.02471020445227623, -0.018337124958634377, 0.021550554782152176, 0.012144722044467926, -0.05044814571738243, 0.01117770280689001, -0.058911729604005814, -0.023723473772406578, -0.0605802983045578, 0.031971294432878494, 0.026769300922751427, -0.03496565669775009, 0.05296563357114792, 0.007698404137045145, -0.043447770178318024, -0.004320237319916487, -0.03703680261969566, -0.05362280085682869, 0.0032117459923028946, 0.013388687744736671, -0.005386138800531626, -0.008361236192286015, -0.05663984641432762, 0.06998496502637863, 0.01454254612326622, -0.018284084275364876, -0.02217933163046837, -0.0028809814248234034, -0.028192494064569473, -0.05254627391695976, -0.007974561303853989, 0.010821232572197914, 0.01594950072467327, 0.05177917331457138, -0.011929444037377834, 0.02695039100944996, 0.04823262244462967, -0.0210956409573555, -0.029069986194372177, 0.012422625906765461, -0.04558539390563965, 0.05387473851442337, 0.02672751061618328, 0.010212532244622707, 0.041399698704481125, 0.007237945217639208, 0.021536938846111298, 0.0229745302349329, -0.007907593622803688, -0.024953998625278473, 0.0223672054708004, -0.010925380513072014, -0.012180971913039684, -0.07183242589235306, 0.05365796014666557, -0.003873420413583517, -0.00703402841463685, -0.021375343203544617, -0.00904005765914917, 0.017321472987532616, -0.006035964470356703, 0.03692864626646042, 0.06621413677930832, 0.016304470598697662, 0.010461727157235146, -0.06898261606693268, -0.023439086973667145, -0.01612011529505253, 0.028946926817297935, -0.01757427304983139, -0.03792048245668411, 0.04119991138577461, 0.031699106097221375, 0.012892224825918674, -0.015082878060638905, -0.05107477679848671, -0.013169864192605019, -0.03984783962368965, -0.011722341179847717, -0.032199278473854065, 0.05579683929681778, -0.00702654430642724, 0.07434354722499847, 0.03503480926156044, -0.023840242996811867, 0.013743800111114979, -0.00607341667637229, -0.06648939847946167, 0.021986236795783043, -0.002175451721996069, -0.01192471757531166, -0.013547692447900772, 0.014392289333045483, 0.000821479712612927, -0.023536087945103645, -0.014683756977319717, -0.00820095930248499, -0.0015264020767062902, -0.056212399154901505, 0.008781304582953453, -0.03546188399195671, -0.011690396815538406, 0.03502243757247925, 0.03509530797600746, 0.021056534722447395, -0.05294729024171829, 0.02476736344397068, 0.016325559467077255, -0.003964204341173172, -0.02594146877527237, -0.02376341074705124, 0.025638043880462646, 0.005424423608928919, 0.07000527530908585, 0.05591324344277382, 0.008496475405991077, -0.026429368183016777, 0.00017604499589651823, 0.025998126715421677, 0.04854459688067436, 0.03554999828338623, 0.0073409657925367355, -0.007777364458888769, -0.06668882071971893, -0.008838039822876453, 0.006103326100856066, -0.02199120633304119, 0.0001446468086214736, -0.00048547235201112926, 0.05722379311919212, 0.028686121106147766, -0.05414404347538948, 0.030178168788552284, 0.06392639875411987, 0.0358305387198925, 0.017930440604686737, -0.04042084142565727, -0.014942617155611515, -0.005231453105807304, -0.032845690846443176, 0.028648607432842255, -0.002724624937400222, -0.05903693288564682, -0.01416749320924282, 0.025660473853349686, -0.051282308995723724, -0.014286651276051998, 0.021433793008327484, 0.056370384991168976, 0.0540807768702507, 0.03447462618350983, -0.029498454183340073, 0.03467923402786255, 0.03830526024103165, 0.005992963444441557, 0.017790349200367928, 0.002437313087284565, -0.04665135592222214, 0.014352799393236637, 0.02331121452152729, 0.0455799400806427, -0.0022593047469854355, -0.014931725338101387, -0.02324736677110195, -0.008343212306499481, 0.026855196803808212, -0.02304064668715, 0.029025236144661903, -0.003699628869071603, -0.0025250825565308332, 0.03310692310333252, -0.02002722956240177, -0.02194174751639366, 0.017017001286149025, 0.01438251044601202, 0.009333551861345768, -0.030494114384055138, -0.027819521725177765, -0.022623281925916672, -0.01878366619348526, 0.003909090533852577, 0.03936870023608208, 0.009393944405019283, 0.005700857378542423, -0.01455106120556593, 0.07310989499092102, 0.006723209749907255, -0.08126232028007507, 0.013943757861852646, -0.005101615563035011, -0.02587570995092392, 0.03587810695171356, -0.023938525468111038, -0.0251532644033432, 0.009847858920693398, 0.020402932539582253, 0.013413814827799797, 0.013556638732552528, -0.008572081103920937, 0.03771907463669777, 0.05763768404722214, 0.008146136999130249, 0.08493859320878983, 0.009774917736649513, 0.0053313919343054295, -0.01537154521793127, 0.019918886944651604, 0.02526947855949402, -0.02485593594610691, -0.027975382283329964, -0.04506614804267883, -0.006125547923147678, -0.03378261253237724, 0.03028694912791252, 0.008157778531312943, 0.05286850780248642, -0.014772696420550346, -0.014193893410265446, -0.006084755063056946, 0.018149888142943382, -0.0143359350040555, -0.04884728044271469, -0.01927820034325123, 0.009196286089718342, -0.010248648002743721, -0.003600653726607561, 0.009661617688834667, -0.027758974581956863, -0.025525547564029694, 0.004143700003623962, -0.010038317181169987, -0.011712241917848587, -0.012897150591015816, -0.023748822510242462, -0.011305926367640495, -0.0030079178977757692, 0.01742612197995186, -0.02595028653740883, 0.04014343395829201, 0.02357064187526703, -0.056738823652267456, -0.004811030812561512, 0.016819054260849953, 0.005215266719460487, 0.009039965458214283, -0.07161210477352142, 0.016434136778116226, 0.004836841952055693, -0.02480524778366089, -0.10858376324176788, -0.026723504066467285, 0.012290406972169876, -0.02626848593354225, -0.04074067994952202, 0.007254333235323429, 0.0014862980460748076, -0.02446289360523224, -0.01056764367967844, -0.030075157061219215, 0.014485366642475128, -0.008963351137936115, 0.01684940792620182, -0.01798233762383461, 0.0067392755299806595, 0.07464320212602615, -0.03403392434120178, 0.0034971851855516434, 0.033160023391246796, -0.0478798970580101, 0.0012797656236216426, 0.022752797231078148, 0.058227669447660446, -0.020221905782818794, 0.027447234839200974, -0.003942071460187435, -0.04809410125017166, 0.015044918283820152, -0.02568824775516987, 0.018270868808031082, 0.004588156472891569, 0.04067668691277504, 0.03822171315550804, 0.003866445040330291, 0.007153153885155916, 0.014556968584656715, 0.018067995086312294, -0.02470557764172554, -0.03941946104168892, -0.028280822560191154, 0.004834093619138002, 0.03167615085840225, 0.01075785979628563, -0.02880164608359337, 0.026399482041597366, 0.09336906671524048, -0.017033349722623825, -0.018741056323051453, -0.007340664509683847, -0.011487152427434921, 0.038440994918346405, 0.009908788837492466, 0.049148280173540115, 0.023622190579771996, -0.013483146205544472, -0.009554220363497734, -0.06558456271886826, -0.022014111280441284, 0.017123475670814514, 0.07710134238004684, -0.0010513936867937446, 0.0578184612095356, 0.01673908904194832, 0.042207732796669006, 0.004427207168191671, -0.02699522115290165, 0.006490597501397133, 0.01401413232088089, -0.022501874715089798, 0.060995422303676605, -0.001256811199709773, 0.03296519070863724, 0.0036202939227223396, 0.00669530825689435, 0.020374635234475136, 0.04193338006734848, 0.027263112366199493, 0.0442439503967762, -0.007692163810133934, 0.0053703985176980495, -0.035759493708610535, 0.011418644338846207, -0.015484127216041088, 0.023806406185030937, -0.019140372052788734, -0.052925944328308105, 0.058487724512815475, 0.023967960849404335, 0.006050983909517527, -0.04179016873240471, -0.0011878449004143476, -0.05480821430683136, 0.02235531434416771, 0.007322334218770266, -0.02301895245909691, 0.024878183379769325, 0.0467313677072525, 0.05564374476671219, -0.008845845237374306, 0.029196536168456078, -0.021896634250879288, -0.06332477927207947, -0.005752249155193567, -0.024859946221113205, -0.05118810385465622, 0.025323443114757538, 0.005878562573343515, -0.020894886925816536, 0.014812314882874489, -0.01876775734126568, 0.019517280161380768, -0.013962493278086185, -0.004319631494581699, -0.011996840126812458, 0.12687291204929352, 0.008933452889323235, 0.03999859094619751, -0.006945144850760698, 0.0014423461398109794, 0.07221650332212448, 0.0712423250079155, 0.005137002095580101, -0.07501275837421417, 0.018920021131634712, -0.024306386709213257, 0.022397160530090332, -0.007833362556993961, 0.00937783531844616, 0.014386789873242378, -0.01694038324058056, 0.04087124392390251, 0.06824003905057907, 0.010829315520823002, -0.05184091255068779, 0.05136662721633911, -0.052781540900468826, 0.003429845906794071, 0.01107768900692463, 0.011373966000974178, -0.011379782110452652, 0.02423984557390213, -0.05843394622206688, 0.028642063960433006, -0.02723592519760132, -0.019411880522966385, -0.050829313695430756, 0.003886339720338583, -0.013165146112442017, -0.007997194305062294, -0.02217174507677555, 0.0052303168922662735, 0.015136935748159885, 0.004656460136175156, -0.013727683573961258, -0.029697813093662262, 0.012803776189684868, -0.03945723548531532, 0.017786312848329544, 0.020283594727516174, -0.014459465630352497, -0.040932152420282364, 0.011667835526168346, 0.004792451858520508, -0.02460653893649578, -0.03385971859097481, -0.014900046400725842, 0.031566210091114044, -0.03018975257873535, 0.020848440006375313, -0.017279479652643204, -0.007802573032677174, -0.010851502418518066, -0.031913258135318756, -0.008633943274617195, -0.009890589863061905, -0.00798327848315239, -0.06121717393398285, 0.00009709651931189, -0.045085202902555466, 0.022585617378354073, -0.004495508503168821, 0.0513707771897316, 0.00020183651940897107, -0.03856462612748146, -0.030072243884205818, -0.02690923772752285, 0.04784293845295906, -0.029318921267986298, 0.0008069455507211387, -0.013402006588876247, -0.008832193911075592, -0.032438237220048904, 0.005746632348746061, 0.015512689016759396, -0.014159619808197021, 0.017880985513329506, 0.01278334204107523, 0.00030247008544392884, 0.00965239480137825, -0.028332041576504707, 0.00116421387065202, -0.023368479683995247, -0.013957338407635689, -0.026088932529091835, 0.0055279177613556385, 0.04641789197921753, 0.012705912813544273, -0.023118343204259872, 0.015448108315467834, -0.03931303694844246, 0.048323649913072586, 0.041142042726278305, -0.06068483367562294, -0.018159620463848114, -0.0009003219311125576, -0.008501195348799229, -0.024527952075004578, -0.022790592163801193, 0.006383694242686033, 0.04905557632446289, 0.04511037468910217, -0.03160149231553078, 0.037093110382556915, -0.04314238578081131, 0.009414798580110073, 0.019106479361653328, -0.02148858644068241, -0.007388467900454998, 0.04452298954129219, 0.007142920512706041, -0.034825507551431656, 0.026074113324284554, 0.009285670705139637, -0.013706974685192108, -0.002440760377794504, -0.01564783789217472, -0.05086640268564224, -0.008697244338691235, -0.009853029623627663, 0.001461321604438126, -0.06324857473373413, 0.030740218237042427, 0.0050435480661690235, -0.003071608953177929, -0.014472848735749722, 0.014408275485038757, -0.0037666698917746544, 0.0182637982070446, 0.007868475280702114, -0.015230056829750538, 0.026059476658701897, 0.023467380553483963, 0.03128768503665924, 0.007962075993418694, 0.009239164181053638, -0.025556543841958046, 0.030787523835897446, -0.04537980630993843, -0.046517275273799896, 0.048926036804914474, -0.06017512455582619, -0.0010860301554203033, 0.029355816543102264, 0.009342975914478302, 0.04045755788683891, 0.02138405852019787, -0.020542139187455177, -0.04290129244327545, 0.03185658901929855, -0.00540546141564846, 0.01518439594656229, -0.026313722133636475, 0.02870958484709263, 0.016439160332083702, -0.015576264820992947, 0.005028957035392523, 0.008238447830080986, 0.0076665799133479595, 0.016774196177721024, 0.06752648204565048, -0.022201161831617355, -0.014345332980155945, 0.03692282736301422, 0.02559433877468109, -0.023524411022663116, 0.020533638074994087, -0.04805760458111763, 0.04436482489109039, 0.020114265382289886, -0.028155647218227386, 0.0018824264407157898, -0.04110182449221611, 0.004036848898977041, -0.03829047083854675, 0.016873659566044807, -0.0067723882384598255, -0.007497864775359631, 0.05271218344569206, -0.05751747265458107, 0.018315879628062248, 0.03324022516608238, -0.03421115130186081, -0.02507348358631134, -0.012477762997150421, 0.0010036808671429753, -0.009183830581605434, -0.021144621074199677, -0.03496326133608818, 0.060698576271533966, 0.004979935474693775, 0.0005102036520838737, 0.04545366019010544, 0.04644707590341568, 0.004707189276814461, 0.002299885032698512, -0.005960110109299421, 0.0018836165545508265, 0.006522798910737038, -0.05154050514101982, 0.04837661236524582, -0.04881305992603302, -0.032662283629179, 0.028328396379947662, 0.0010541655356064439, 0.014525478705763817, -0.0002012388431467116, 0.041774749755859375, -0.0008365592220798135, 0.0410144105553627, -0.000977098592557013, 0.01239696890115738, 0.02239776961505413, -0.01216751616448164, 0.039932768791913986, 0.0009454992250539362, -0.03857005760073662, 0.011591949500143528, 0.021996883675456047, -0.01300572045147419, 0.01079404354095459, -0.002412020694464445, -0.03415863960981369, -0.02893221564590931, -0.02306322194635868, -0.013685474172234535, 0.0022664749994874, -0.03986252471804619, 0.03491789102554321, -0.008532194420695305, 0.004904663655906916, 0.058358609676361084, 0.020662447437644005, -0.01114125456660986, -0.0011703751515597105, 0.009841736406087875, -0.05990733206272125, 0.06267129629850388, 0.0023385435342788696, -0.05361653119325638, -0.04874217137694359, -0.01459802221506834, 0.0038218528497964144, -0.005209248047322035, -0.00671651866286993, -0.03772454336285591, -0.039416562765836716, 0.029343368485569954, -0.00287229148671031, 0.021936936303973198, 0.015117347240447998, -0.0035707317292690277, 0.029771484434604645, -0.0813094824552536, 0.03587406873703003, -0.01872117444872856, -0.040237557142972946, -0.004206738900393248, -0.03915807604789734, -0.04617113247513771, -0.012494813650846481, 0.016147755086421967, -0.011157773435115814, -0.015535804443061352, 0.042479559779167175, 0.038146574050188065, -0.006034362595528364, -0.01573341153562069, 0.04679660126566887, -0.002071085385978222, -0.02361639030277729, -0.005140169523656368, -0.037455569952726364, 0.01783975213766098, 0.005021743942052126, -0.016694510355591774, -0.010733547620475292, -0.012926897965371609, 0.024967212229967117, -0.02844066359102726, 0.05579455941915512, -0.022723611444234848, -0.01953631266951561, 0.04058701545000076, 0.004079275764524937, -0.02671237289905548, 0.05944802612066269, 0.01496248971670866, -0.03675328195095062, 0.010259962640702724, -0.022544015198946, -0.014933298341929913, -0.010643808171153069, 0.029991669580340385, 0.0076410225592553616, -0.02707025222480297, 0.0007785055786371231, 0.06050838157534599, -0.05265068635344505, -0.0077855465933680534, 0.05692601948976517, 0.005591001361608505, 0.05137224867939949, -0.005842758342623711, 0.02287874184548855, 0.0031143533997237682, -0.004517488647252321, 0.01717485673725605, -0.009307002648711205, 0.012280228547751904, 0.013862881809473038, 0.01049747783690691, 0.026675792410969734, -0.03557627275586128, 0.04289129748940468, -0.026499368250370026, -0.005747124087065458, -0.06771405041217804, -0.024139223620295525, 0.001324628945440054, -0.015650859102606773, 0.0327029787003994, -0.015636587515473366, -0.046331051737070084, 0.07607536017894745, -0.023827241733670235, 0.004386776126921177, -0.013737671077251434, 0.041111357510089874, -0.01357706356793642, -0.017718834802508354, -0.021855447441339493, 0.03248243406414986, -0.0005594183458015323, 0.010873598977923393, 0.003542916150763631, -0.004204544238746166, 0.05919899418950081, -0.025597799569368362, 0.012925934046506882, -0.026468954980373383, -0.009597313590347767, -0.026732197031378746, -0.037615060806274414, -0.034919582307338715, -0.005011761095374823, 0.032176703214645386, 0.025430379435420036, 0.024268118664622307, -0.006559548433870077, -0.031748849898576736, -0.007317463867366314, 0.06074361130595207, -0.06506431102752686, -0.002795291133224964, -0.02083473652601242, -0.010019402019679546, -0.028775963932275772, -0.024929827079176903 ]