id
int64 1
18.4k
| date
stringdate 1947-01-01 00:00:00
2025-01-01 00:00:00
| bias_type
stringclasses 11
values | normative_framing
stringclasses 3
values | source
stringlengths 15
164
| policy
stringlengths 14
2.69k
| bias_type_merged
stringclasses 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7,801 | 2004 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | allows the Strategic Petroleum Reserve to be used to provide relief when oil and gasoline supply shortages cause economic hardship | group_2 |
7,802 | 1997 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | an increasing number of children are raised in families with only one parent present, usually the mother, and these families are 5 times as likely to be poor as 2-parent families | group_2 |
7,803 | 1997 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | The failure of noncustodial parents to pay their fair share of child support is a significant contributor to poverty among single-parent families | group_2 |
7,804 | 2010 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | The total effective marginal rate of tax for additional income earned by low-income people can exceed 100 percent and can be a disincentive to working more hours, getting a raise, seeking education toward a more lucrative trade, getting married, or engaging in other economic or social activities | group_2 |
7,805 | 1965 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to increase the number of attorneys who will represent low-income families and individuals | group_2 |
7,806 | 1989 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | "to encourage the development of affordable, decent, safe, and sanitary housing for low- and moderate-income families | group_2 |
7,807 | 1989 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to rehabilitate and construct low-income rental housing units by providing investment incentives to private developers | group_2 |
7,808 | 2005 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | a country may use trade and investment to reduce poverty and raise the standard of living in that country | group_2 |
7,809 | 2015 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Financial barriers to prescription medications and clinical services that are deemed to be high-value should be reduced or eliminated to increase their use | group_2 |
7,810 | 2009 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Financial barriers to prescription medications that are of high value should be reduced or eliminated | group_2 |
7,811 | 2001 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to expand a fleet of school buses in an area with a high proportion of low-income families | group_2 |
7,812 | 2017 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall identify any special capabilities or services to be provided in low-income areas | group_2 |
7,813 | 2001 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Low-income individuals who use their limited financial resources to obtain needed drugs may do so by foregoing other expenditures important to their health and well-being | group_2 |
7,814 | 2011 | economic | implicit | BillSum Dataset | Microfinance institutions and providers have played an increasingly important role in enabling micro-entrepreneurs to graduate from extreme poverty to sustainable living patterns | group_2 |
7,815 | 1995 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | increased Government spending, deficits, high taxes, and regulation have significantly contributed to slower economic growth | group_2 |
7,816 | 1995 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | micromanagement of the economy and fine tuning have not alleviated economic hardship | group_2 |
7,817 | 2007 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Such additional funding is not intended to be the only source of assistance for extremely low-income individuals and families under the HOME program | group_2 |
7,818 | 2007 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | participating jurisdictions shall continue to use non-set aside HOME funds to provide assistance to such extremely low-income individuals and families | group_2 |
7,819 | 1976 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | may coordinate its efforts, and share funds for administration, with other State agencies involved in low-income housing programs | group_2 |
7,820 | 1965 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | with particular attention to and specific objectives for providing services to low-income minority individuals | group_2 |
7,821 | 1997 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | with particular emphasis on access of low-income working families | group_2 |
7,822 | 2007 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | with priority given to organizations serving regions with high poverty levels | group_2 |
7,823 | 2017 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to reduce, within 20 years after the date on which funds are made available to carry out this Act, the number of children living in poverty in the United States to zero | group_2 |
7,824 | 2002 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | would adversely affect these low-income beneficiaries, many of whom are children or have special health care needs, by increasing beneficiary cost-sharing | group_2 |
7,825 | 2003 | economic | implicit | BillSum Dataset | the Secretary of the Treasury is required to determine whether any country is manipulating the rate of exchange between its currency and the dollar for the purpose of preventing effective balance of payments adjustments or gaining unfair advantage in international trade | group_2 |
7,826 | 2000 | economic | implicit | BillSum Dataset | there is growing evidence that some lenders are engaging in predatory lending practices--excessive front-end fees, single-premium credit life insurance, and exorbitant prepayment penalties--that make homeownership much more costly for families that can least afford it | group_2 |
7,827 | 2001 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | providing an important means of increasing the access of low-income individuals to drugs prescribed by their doctors | group_2 |
7,828 | 2019 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | This may be a hardship for many low-income vehicle owners, as well as opening new hacking vulnerabilities for bank accounts of vehicle owners | group_2 |
7,829 | 1993 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | remove financial barriers to immunization that impede children from being vaccinated at the appropriate time | group_2 |
7,830 | 2016 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to allow for the assessment of the outcomes of continued welfare reform on the economic and child well-being of low-income families with children | group_2 |
7,831 | 2008 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to an owner or operator of a private or investor-owned electric utility company serving low-income households for the repair | group_2 |
7,832 | 1986 | economic | implicit | BillSum Dataset | to be allocated among qualified community development entities to make qualified low-income community investments within a federally declared disaster area | group_2 |
7,833 | 1993 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to implement comprehensive strategies to improve the access of low-income residents of a central city in an eligible metropolitan area to job locations within the metropolitan area | group_2 |
7,834 | 1968 | economic | implicit | BillSum Dataset | to increase the number of low- and very low-income persons who are provided with training and employment opportunities and a priority in accordance with subsections (c)(1)(B) and (c)(2)(B). | group_2 |
7,835 | 2008 | economic | implicit | BillSum Dataset | will provide health or dental care under the State program under this section, to individuals that are not be covered under any health or dental insurance policy or program | group_2 |
7,836 | 1994 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | may provide subsidies on sliding scale, to offer a more affordable product for individuals in the individual and group market earning below 200 percent of the Federal poverty level | group_2 |
7,837 | 1961 | economic | implicit | BillSum Dataset | to projects that reduce poverty while preserving the environment and advancing human rights | group_2 |
7,838 | 2007 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | dedicated funding for the expansion and preservation of housing for extremely low-income individuals and families | group_2 |
7,839 | 1997 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | make grants, in the discretion of the Secretary, to separately owned retail food stores located in low-income areas | group_2 |
7,840 | 2003 | economic | implicit | BillSum Dataset | has exacerbated the humanitarian crisis by reducing agricultural productivity and food security, undercutting people's ability to recover and contributing to long-term poverty | group_2 |
7,841 | 1986 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | use to finance low-income buildings | group_2 |
7,842 | 2015 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to provide grants to assist low-income, very low-income, and extremely low-income owners of dated manufactured homes for the replacement of such dated manufactured homes | group_2 |
7,843 | 2006 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall ensure that at least 75 percent of the families assisted under a charter contract shall be, at the time of such families entry into the Moving to Work Charter program, very low-income families | group_2 |
7,844 | 2001 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | a portion of that fee being expended to assist low-income breast cancer victims in affording treatment | group_2 |
7,845 | 1962 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | providing children of low-income families with leadership and educational opportunities | group_2 |
7,846 | 2012 | economic | implicit | BillSum Dataset | which made promoting work a central focus of each State's efforts to assist low-income parents in achieving self-sufficiency. | group_2 |
7,847 | 2000 | economic | implicit | BillSum Dataset | which shall be used only for costs of carrying out eligible anti-predatory lending activities under subsection | group_2 |
7,848 | 1959 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | which shall include a description of how the eligible nonprofit organization will serve the housing needs of low-income families in a particular geographic area | group_2 |
7,849 | 2008 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to expand or preserve the availability of staple foods in underserved areas with moderate- and low-income populations | group_2 |
7,850 | 2003 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | will cause unacceptable harm on current tenants of affordable housing and will precipitate a national crisis in the supply of housing for low-income households | group_2 |
7,851 | 2008 | economic | explicit | BillSum Dataset | particular emphasis on activities designed to assure that students from low-income and moderate-income families have access to the information on the opportunity for full participation in the scholarship program | group_2 |
7,852 | 1948 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Authorize funds for high school building. | group_1 |
7,853 | 1948 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Convey certain land to University of Maryland. | group_1 |
7,854 | 1950 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | additional $80,000 for enlarging and improving existing school. | group_1 |
7,855 | 1950 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Provide for improvement of stadium facilities at Eastern Senior High School in the District of Columbia. | group_1 |
7,856 | 1951 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Establish a dept of food services in the public schools of D.C. | group_1 |
7,857 | 1953 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Authorize the Secretary of the Interior to convey certain lands in gettysburg national military park, for public schools. | group_1 |
7,858 | 1954 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Transfer certain land to University of California. | group_1 |
7,859 | 1954 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Authorize conveyance of a tract of land to a high school district. | group_1 |
7,860 | 1954 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Authorize an appropriation for the construction of certain public school facilities | group_1 |
7,861 | 1954 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Modify provisions for recoupment of certain public school construction costs. | group_1 |
7,862 | 1956 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Grant consent of Congress to states of Illinois to enter into a compact concerning interstate public school districts. | group_1 |
7,863 | 1957 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Convey property to university of Missouri. | group_1 |
7,864 | 1960 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Amend laws concerning the lease or sale of university lands in Alaska. | group_1 |
7,865 | 1962 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Authorize grants to george Washington university hospital. | group_1 |
7,866 | 1962 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Convey property in San Diego to University of California. | group_1 |
7,867 | 1963 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Provide for the free entry of a mass spectrometer for Stanford University. | group_1 |
7,868 | 1963 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Provide for the preparation and printing of complilations of materials relating to annual national high school and college debate topics. | group_1 |
7,869 | 1965 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Provide that certain limitations shall not apply to certain land patented to the State of Alaska for the use and benefit of the University of Alaska. | group_1 |
7,870 | 1966 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Acquire replacement site for Shaw junior high school in D.C. | group_1 |
7,871 | 1967 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Transfer certain land to Memphis State University, Memphis, Tennessee. | group_1 |
7,872 | 1967 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Authorize exchange of national forest lands with public school authorities. | group_1 |
7,873 | 1968 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Pay salaries of public school food service employees in the District of Columbia from appropriated funds. | group_1 |
7,874 | 1970 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Revise retirement benefits of District of Columbia public school teachers. | group_1 |
7,875 | 1971 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Authorize conveyance of certain public lands to the University of North Dakota. | group_1 |
7,876 | 1972 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Convey certain lands to the University of Utah. | group_1 |
7,877 | 1972 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Establish a Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. | group_1 |
7,878 | 1972 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Authorize the conveyance of certain lands of the US to the state of Tennessee for the use of the University of Tennessee. | group_1 |
7,879 | 1977 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Allow insurance of the District of Columbia revenue bonds for building of university facilities. | group_1 |
7,880 | 1980 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Provide for the relief of Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. | group_1 |
7,881 | 1982 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | to allow the issuance of revenue bonds to finance college and university programs that provide student educational loans. | group_1 |
7,882 | 1982 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Provide for the conveyance to the University of Alaska all right, title and interest of the US in approximately 76 acres of land in Alaska. | group_1 |
7,883 | 1982 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Request the president to designate National High School Activities Week. | group_1 |
7,884 | 1986 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Authorize the conveyance of 470 acres in Nevada to University of Nevada for use as a research and development center. | group_1 |
7,885 | 1992 | education | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | to provide financial and other assistance to University of Mississippi, in cooperation with the University of Southern Mississippi, to establish and maintain a food service management Institute. | group_1 |
7,886 | 1992 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Expand the production and distribution of educational and instructional video programing and supporting educational materials for preschool and elementary school children as a tool to improve school readiness | group_1 |
7,887 | 1998 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Amend Titles VI and X of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to improve and expand charter schools. | group_1 |
7,888 | 1999 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Establish a program to afford high school graduates from the District of Columbia the benefits of in-state tuition at state colleges and universities outside the District of Columbia. | group_1 |
7,889 | 2004 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | to reauthorize for two additional years the public school and private school tuition assistance programs established under the act. | group_1 |
7,890 | 2019 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | supports university-based programs that focus on studying, conserving, and effectively using U.S. coastal resources | group_1 |
7,891 | 1964 | education | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | to extend to qualified schools of optometry and students of optometry those provisions thereof relating to student loan programs. | group_1 |
7,892 | 2016 | education | explicit | BillSum Dataset | "To provide incentives for local educational agencies to develop innovative strategies for working with low-income and limited English proficient children | group_1 |
7,893 | 1965 | education | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Coordination and integration of services for at-risk students emphasizing prevention and early intervention offer a great opportunity to break the cycle of poverty that leads to academic failure | group_1 |
7,894 | 1965 | education | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the levels of access to high quality early childhood education Opportunities | group_1 |
7,895 | 1994 | education | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall give priority to local applications that assign highest priority to providing assistance to schools which are most seriously under-equipped | group_1 |
7,896 | 1994 | education | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall give priority to local applications that are attentive to the needs of underrepresented groups in science and mathematics | group_1 |
7,897 | 1994 | education | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall give priority to local applications that demonstrate how science and mathematics equipment will be part of a comprehensive plan of curriculum planning or implementation and teacher training supporting hands-on laboratory activities | group_1 |
7,898 | 1994 | education | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall give priority to local applications that provide assurances that equipment and materials provided under this Act shall be equitably available to all children in the classroom | group_1 |
7,899 | 2005 | education | explicit | BillSum Dataset | a description of any shortages of highly qualified teachers in core academic subjects in the low-income school participating in the partnership | group_1 |
7,900 | 2009 | education | explicit | BillSum Dataset | High school dropouts are more likely to live in poverty, join gangs, and use drugs | group_1 |
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