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/wiki/Misbah-ul-Haq#P54#1
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Which team did Misbah-ul-Haq play for between Mar 2000 and Dec 2000?
|
Misbah-ul-Haq Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi ( ) ( born 28 May 1974 ) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer . Ul-haq captained Pakistan in Test cricket and One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Ul-haq is the current head coach and former chief selector of the Pakistan national team . A late bloomer , ul-haq was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required . Ul-haq scored the fastest fifty in Test cricket and set a new record for the fastest Test hundred and holds the record for most career ODI runs without a century . Ul-haq has an MBA degree in Human Resource Management from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore , Punjab . After announcing retirement from limited overs cricket in 2015 , Ul-haq continued to play Test cricket for a few years . On 4 April 2017 , Ul-haq announced his retirement from all international cricket as well after the conclusion of West Indies tour . Ul-haq retired from all formats of international cricket on 14 May 2017 . Early life . Misbah grew up in Mianwali in Pakistani Punjab . His father , Abdul Qudoos Niazi , was a school principal who died during Misbahs childhood . Misbah is part of a non-Pashto speaking Pashtun Niazi family ; the Pakistan cricketer and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is his distant cousin . During his early days , Misbah played tape ball cricket for his hometown , but his parents insisted on him securing a good education and he completed a BSc in Faisalabad . He then enrolled in the University of Management and Technology to pursue an MBA degree . Misbah would eventually make his first-class debut in 1998 , aged 24 for Sargodha . Misbah went on to be selected for the Pakistani Test side in 2001 and the ODI cricket team in 2002 . Misbah married Uzma Khan in 2004 . The couple have two children . Domestic career . Misbah had not only gained success at international level but also at domestic level . His 2012β13 domestic season was memorable . He captained Faisalabad Wolves in Twenty20 domestic tournament and SNGPL in First-class and List-A domestic tournament . First , he took SNGPL to victory in Presidents Trophy against Younus Khans HBL and then Faisalabad Wolves to victory in Faysal Bank Super 8 against Shoaib Maliks Sialkot Stallions in final surprisingly . Though Faisalabad Wolves lost final earlier in Faysal Bank T20 Cup against Mohammad Hafeezs Lahore Lions but they took their revenge in Super 8 tournament in semi-final and eventually winning the tournament and more importantly qualifying for the Champions League T20 . And at last Misbah led SNGPL to another victory in domestic list-A tournament , Presidents Cup against Rana Naved-ul-Hasans WAPDA in final . Misbah won all domestic tournaments ( Twenty20 , first-class and list-A ) in domestic season 2012/13 . Misbah played in 2008 Indian Premier League Season 1 for Royal Challengers Bangalore while he played in Sri Lanka Premier League for Kandurata Warriors in 2012 . And he also represented St Lucia Zouks in 2013 season in Caribbean Premier League . He also played for Abhani in Bangladesh . Misbah revealed that he had been offered a two-year contract by Worcestershire County Cricket Club to play in the English County Championship from 2013 onwards , but declined due to clashes with his international commitments . In 2015 , Misbah signed by Rangpur Riders to play in the third edition of the Bangladesh Premier League . He made the decision to play in order to remain match fit for the upcoming Test Series with England in July 2016 . In only his first game for Rangpur Riders , Misbah scored 61 runs , smashing 4 sixes and winning his team the game by chasing a mammoth total of 187 . He was awarded the Man of the Match award for the performances . Misbah signed by Islamabad United for a price of $140,000 to be played in February 2016 for Pakistan Super League . He is the 10th highest scorer in the league . He led Islamabad United to be the first champions of Pakistan Super League , and again was captain of the Islamabad United when the team won the third edition of PSL . Misbah also enjoys the highest success percentage as captain in Pakistan Super League matches up till now . In 2019 against the Lahore Qalandars , he became the oldest player in all of t20 cricket to score a 50 . International career . Early days . Although making his international debut back in 2001 , his breakthrough came when was selected for ICC World T20 . Misbah was influential in his prolific 2007 ICC World Twenty20 famously playing the Paddle Scoop in the Final against India in the final over as Pakistan lost by 5 runs . He was leading run scorer from Pakistan and third overall in the tournament . Also he was the first Pakistani player who reached No . 1 position in ICC T20I batsmen rankings . He was also the first Pakistani player to score a 50 in T20I . His knock of 66 against Australia was named as the fourth-best T20I batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . He was named in the Team of the Tournament by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup . His knock of 161* against India at Bengaluru was named as the third-best Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . For his performances in 2007 , he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo . Misbah was a member of the 2009 World T20 winning squad and was praised for his performance . Misbah played an influential role in getting Pakistan to the 2011 World Cup semifinals under Shahid Afridis captaincy . After the loss against India at Mohali , Misbah faced criticism from fans and experts for playing too many dot balls in crucial overs . Success . In 2013 , Misbah was brilliant in terms of his batting . He moved to a career-best seventh place in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen . Misbah was the leading run scorer in ODI cricket with 1373 runs for year 2013 ahead of Mohammad Hafeez and Virat Kohli . He also had 15 ODI half centuries , which is a record for most ODI half centuries in a calendar year , as well as hitting 3rd most ODI sixes that year . Despite , Pakistan losing all 3 of their games , h was named as part of the Team of the Tournament in the 2013 Champions Trophy by the ICC . He was also named as captain of the Team by Cricinfo . In the first test at Abu Dhabi against South Africa , Pakistan amassed 442 runs , where Misbah scored his fourth test century , which was the second in the innings after Khurram Manzoors 146 . In the second innings the Pakistani batting collapsed and were 7/3 with only needing a mere target of 40 . When the two seniors of the team ( Misbah and Younis Khan ) came in to bat , Misbah hit two sixes off the bowling of Robin Peterson and hit the winning runs with a straight six . In the second test at Dubai , Pakistan were all out for 99 in the first innings . After South Africa amassed a total of 517 with Graeme Smith hitting his 4th Test double and yet another century from the AB de Villiers , Pakistan were faltering for an embarrassing defeat . At 70/4 Misbah came in and blitzed the South African bowling attack with a 197 run stand with the Asad Shafiq repeating the same stand the two had in the first test , Misbah scored 88 before trying to obliterate the part-time spinner Dean Elgar over cow corner but edged it straight to Jacques Kallis . South Africa invited Pakistan to play South Africa at home , in their third bilateral series of the year . The first ODI was hosted at Cape Town . South Africa were bundled out for 195 , losing by 23 runs , and Pakistan taking the lead , 1β0 . The 2nd ODI at Port Elizabeth was rain-affected , bringing it down to 45 overs per side . Pakistan won the game by 1 run , which also led them to a maiden series win against South Africa , that too at South Africas own home . Pakistan was also the first South Asian team to beat South Africa in a bilateral ODI series at home . In the third ODI , Ahmad Shehzad , Mohammad Hafeez , Shahid Afridi and Junaid Khan were all rested . Batting first once again , Pakistan scraped together a total of 179 all out , with Misbah remaining unbeaten on 79 . Although the bowlers tried to keep Pakistan in the game , the target proved to be too low and South Africa won by 4 wickets . Pakistan took the series 2β1 . This away win over the Proteas after being humiliated in Pakistans adopted home , the UAE , brought things back to normal in Pakistan cricket , with Misbah receiving praise from across the country . Breaking records . In 2014 , he made a test century off of 56 deliveries against Australia in Abu Dhabi , equaling the fastest one of that time by Viv Richards . In July 2016 , Misbah scored a century against England at Lords and became the oldest cricketer in 82 years to score a test century . At the age of 42 years and 2 months , Misbah also became the oldest captain ever to score a test century . Misbah celebrated the landmark by saluting his team members and doing ten push-ups . He later explained during an interview that the celebration was meant as a tribute to the Military Boot Camp in Abbotabad where the team had attended an army style training session . Captaincy . During Pakistans tour of India , Misbah scored two centuries and was named acting captain for an ODI due to Shoaib Maliks injury . Earlier in 2010 , after the Australia tour , he was dropped from all formats of the game and later was considering retiring if the selectors continue to ignore him . He was not considered for England tour where the spot-fixing saga happened due to which Salman Butt was banned , creating a captaincy hole in the team . Then in October 2010 , surprisingly he was appointed the Pakistans Test captain for series against South Africa in UAE . During Pakistans tour of the West Indies , Misbah enjoyed success in the second test match at Warner Park as he went on to score his first test century in four years . After West Indies series , Misbah replaced Shahid Afridi as the limited-overs captain after PCB and coach Waqar Younis were unhappy with Afridis captaincy and awkward public statements . Misbah led the team in eight T20I matches . He won six and lost two . He played his last T20I match against England in 27 February 2012 . After the defeat in Twenty20 series against England in 2012 and criticism from former cricketers , Misbah stepped down as Pakistans Twenty20 captain and Mohammad Hafeez was named his successor to lead the team in Twenty20 . In 2013 , Pakistan played bilateral series against South Africa , India , West Indies , Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka and they also participated in Champions Trophy . Despite winning against India in India , away series lose against South Africa 3β2 , win-less streak in Champions Trophy and winning against minnow Zimbabwe 2β1 and then again defeat in home series against South Africa in UAE 4β1 put huge criticism on Misbahs captaincy and his approach to the game . Especially series defeat against South Africa 4β1 , brought Misbahs captaincy under severe scrutiny . Ex-Pakistani players were demanding a total renovation of Pakistan cricket , and Misbah was being criticized for his captaincy , slow batting and the defeat . The PCB , however , announced that Misbah was to remain captain until the 2015 Cricket World Cup . Several TV shows and notable personalities opposed this decision and demanded that Misbah should be sacked . In August 2016 , under Misbahs captaincy , Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988 . Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw . PCB chairman Shahryar Khan and ex-Pakistan coach Waqar Younis said that all credit should be given to Misbah for his leadership over the last six years . Misbah is the most successful test captain of Pakistan . Misbah has led Pakistan in 56 test matches , winning 26 , losing 19 with 11 draws . Misbah was named test captain after spot-fixing scandal during England tour of 2010 . In subsequent series against South Africa in the UAE he led Pakistan in tests . After resignation of Shahid Afridi as test captain and suspension of Salman Butt due to spot-fixing scandal , Misbah was preferred over Younus Khan , Mohammad Yousuf and Kamran Akmal as captain . Wasim Akram stated that although the decision was surprising if Misbah bats and fields well everything else will go according to plan . Former Pakistan coach Geoff Lawson stated that he believed Misbah has the best cricketing brain within Pakistan and he will do incredibly well in the plans for the captaincy Misbah hit back at those who criticised the decision to appoint him captain and stated that he should be given a chance to prove himself Misbah was the ODI captain from 2008β2015 and had the 10th highest success rate . He left in 2015 as captain from criticism due to his slow yet successful approach . However , after continuous international losses , notably Pakistans exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 , PCB officials seriously considered asking him to return as ODI captain . Retirement . In January 2015 , Misbah announced that he would retire from ODIs and T20Is after the 2015 World Cup . Misbah captained Pakistan in 2015 Cricket World Cup at Australia . He was the leading run scorer in tournament from Pakistan . Pakistan could only make it to Quarter-Finals . They were defeated by Australia in Quarter-Final , which was the last ODI match for Misbah . In April 2016 , Misbah decided to postpone his Test retirement until Australia tour in 2016/17 . On 31 October Misbah ul-Haq ended his PSL career but soon took back his PSL retirement . In November 2016 , against New Zealand at Christchurch , Misbah-ul-Haq was handed over a one-match suspension by the ICC for his sides slow over rate , meaning he had to miss the second Test in Hamilton . On 30 December 2016 , Cricinfo published an article which indicated that Misbah might retire . However , he continued to play in longer format for rest of the series with success , where Pakistan beat England to become No . 1 Test team in the world as well . On 6 April 2017 , Misbah finally announced his intentions to retire from all international cricket after the conclusion of West Indies tour . He played his last international match on May 10 , 2017 against West Indies in Roseau . He scored his 39th Test fifty in the first innings , but dismissed for just 2 runs in the second innings . However , in his last match as captain , Pakistan won the match by 101 runs and sealed the series 2β1 . The win highlighted as the first ever series win against West Indies in the West Indies as well . Coaching career . On 4 September 2019 , Misbah was appointed as the head coach for Pakistan cricket team as well as chief selector on a 3-year contract . This is the first time someone had simultaneously held both positions in Pakistan cricket . This started well for Misbah who won the One day international series 2β0 . But then in the T20 series Sri Lanka pulled off a shock result and whitewashed Pakistan . Afterwards he led the team in Australia where they lost the test series 2-0 . In October 2020 , he resigned as chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team . His first tour as just the Head Coach came against New Zealand where Pakistan were beaten 2-0 . After this he lead Pakistan to their first Test series win against South Africa since 2003 . Records and Achievements . - Holds the record for scoring the most runs in ODI cricket without a career hundred ( 5,122 ) . - Leading run scorer in ODIs during 2013 . - Pakistans most successful Test captain with 26 wins . - The first batsman to make a Test hundred after the age of 41 since Geoffrey Boycott in 1981 . - One of 2017 Wisden Cricketers of the Year . Recognition . - Pride of Performance β President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Pride of Performance to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2014 . - ICC Spirit of Cricket β 2016 - PCBs Imtiaz Ahmed Spirit of Cricket Award and Lifetime Achievement Award β 2017 . - Sitara-i-Imtiaz - President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2018 . External links . - Misbah-ul-Haqs profile page on Wisden
|
[
"Paddle Scoop"
] |
[
{
"text": " Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi ( ) ( born 28 May 1974 ) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer . Ul-haq captained Pakistan in Test cricket and One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Ul-haq is the current head coach and former chief selector of the Pakistan national team .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": "A late bloomer , ul-haq was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required . Ul-haq scored the fastest fifty in Test cricket and set a new record for the fastest Test hundred and holds the record for most career ODI runs without a century .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": " Ul-haq has an MBA degree in Human Resource Management from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore , Punjab . After announcing retirement from limited overs cricket in 2015 , Ul-haq continued to play Test cricket for a few years . On 4 April 2017 , Ul-haq announced his retirement from all international cricket as well after the conclusion of West Indies tour . Ul-haq retired from all formats of international cricket on 14 May 2017 .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": "Misbah grew up in Mianwali in Pakistani Punjab . His father , Abdul Qudoos Niazi , was a school principal who died during Misbahs childhood . Misbah is part of a non-Pashto speaking Pashtun Niazi family ; the Pakistan cricketer and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is his distant cousin . During his early days , Misbah played tape ball cricket for his hometown , but his parents insisted on him securing a good education and he completed a BSc in Faisalabad . He then enrolled in the University of Management and Technology to pursue an MBA degree",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Misbah would eventually make his first-class debut in 1998 , aged 24 for Sargodha . Misbah went on to be selected for the Pakistani Test side in 2001 and the ODI cricket team in 2002 . Misbah married Uzma Khan in 2004 . The couple have two children .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Misbah had not only gained success at international level but also at domestic level . His 2012β13 domestic season was memorable . He captained Faisalabad Wolves in Twenty20 domestic tournament and SNGPL in First-class and List-A domestic tournament . First , he took SNGPL to victory in Presidents Trophy against Younus Khans HBL and then Faisalabad Wolves to victory in Faysal Bank Super 8 against Shoaib Maliks Sialkot Stallions in final surprisingly . Though Faisalabad Wolves lost final earlier in Faysal Bank T20 Cup against Mohammad Hafeezs Lahore Lions but they took their revenge in Super 8 tournament in semi-final",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "and eventually winning the tournament and more importantly qualifying for the Champions League T20 . And at last Misbah led SNGPL to another victory in domestic list-A tournament , Presidents Cup against Rana Naved-ul-Hasans WAPDA in final . Misbah won all domestic tournaments ( Twenty20 , first-class and list-A ) in domestic season 2012/13 .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": " Misbah played in 2008 Indian Premier League Season 1 for Royal Challengers Bangalore while he played in Sri Lanka Premier League for Kandurata Warriors in 2012 . And he also represented St Lucia Zouks in 2013 season in Caribbean Premier League . He also played for Abhani in Bangladesh . Misbah revealed that he had been offered a two-year contract by Worcestershire County Cricket Club to play in the English County Championship from 2013 onwards , but declined due to clashes with his international commitments .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Misbah signed by Rangpur Riders to play in the third edition of the Bangladesh Premier League . He made the decision to play in order to remain match fit for the upcoming Test Series with England in July 2016 . In only his first game for Rangpur Riders , Misbah scored 61 runs , smashing 4 sixes and winning his team the game by chasing a mammoth total of 187 . He was awarded the Man of the Match award for the performances .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": " Misbah signed by Islamabad United for a price of $140,000 to be played in February 2016 for Pakistan Super League . He is the 10th highest scorer in the league . He led Islamabad United to be the first champions of Pakistan Super League , and again was captain of the Islamabad United when the team won the third edition of PSL . Misbah also enjoys the highest success percentage as captain in Pakistan Super League matches up till now .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 against the Lahore Qalandars , he became the oldest player in all of t20 cricket to score a 50 .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "Although making his international debut back in 2001 , his breakthrough came when was selected for ICC World T20 . Misbah was influential in his prolific 2007 ICC World Twenty20 famously playing the Paddle Scoop in the Final against India in the final over as Pakistan lost by 5 runs . He was leading run scorer from Pakistan and third overall in the tournament . Also he was the first Pakistani player who reached No . 1 position in ICC T20I batsmen rankings . He was also the first Pakistani player to score a 50 in T20I . His knock",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": "of 66 against Australia was named as the fourth-best T20I batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . He was named in the Team of the Tournament by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": " His knock of 161* against India at Bengaluru was named as the third-best Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . For his performances in 2007 , he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": "Misbah was a member of the 2009 World T20 winning squad and was praised for his performance . Misbah played an influential role in getting Pakistan to the 2011 World Cup semifinals under Shahid Afridis captaincy . After the loss against India at Mohali , Misbah faced criticism from fans and experts for playing too many dot balls in crucial overs .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , Misbah was brilliant in terms of his batting . He moved to a career-best seventh place in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen . Misbah was the leading run scorer in ODI cricket with 1373 runs for year 2013 ahead of Mohammad Hafeez and Virat Kohli . He also had 15 ODI half centuries , which is a record for most ODI half centuries in a calendar year , as well as hitting 3rd most ODI sixes that year .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "Despite , Pakistan losing all 3 of their games , h was named as part of the Team of the Tournament in the 2013 Champions Trophy by the ICC . He was also named as captain of the Team by Cricinfo .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": " In the first test at Abu Dhabi against South Africa , Pakistan amassed 442 runs , where Misbah scored his fourth test century , which was the second in the innings after Khurram Manzoors 146 . In the second innings the Pakistani batting collapsed and were 7/3 with only needing a mere target of 40 . When the two seniors of the team ( Misbah and Younis Khan ) came in to bat , Misbah hit two sixes off the bowling of Robin Peterson and hit the winning runs with a straight six .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "In the second test at Dubai , Pakistan were all out for 99 in the first innings . After South Africa amassed a total of 517 with Graeme Smith hitting his 4th Test double and yet another century from the AB de Villiers , Pakistan were faltering for an embarrassing defeat . At 70/4 Misbah came in and blitzed the South African bowling attack with a 197 run stand with the Asad Shafiq repeating the same stand the two had in the first test , Misbah scored 88 before trying to obliterate the part-time spinner Dean Elgar over cow corner",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "but edged it straight to Jacques Kallis . South Africa invited Pakistan to play South Africa at home , in their third bilateral series of the year .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "The first ODI was hosted at Cape Town . South Africa were bundled out for 195 , losing by 23 runs , and Pakistan taking the lead , 1β0 . The 2nd ODI at Port Elizabeth was rain-affected , bringing it down to 45 overs per side . Pakistan won the game by 1 run , which also led them to a maiden series win against South Africa , that too at South Africas own home . Pakistan was also the first South Asian team to beat South Africa in a bilateral ODI series at home . In the third",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "ODI , Ahmad Shehzad , Mohammad Hafeez , Shahid Afridi and Junaid Khan were all rested . Batting first once again , Pakistan scraped together a total of 179 all out , with Misbah remaining unbeaten on 79 . Although the bowlers tried to keep Pakistan in the game , the target proved to be too low and South Africa won by 4 wickets . Pakistan took the series 2β1 . This away win over the Proteas after being humiliated in Pakistans adopted home , the UAE , brought things back to normal in Pakistan cricket , with Misbah receiving",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "praise from across the country .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "In 2014 , he made a test century off of 56 deliveries against Australia in Abu Dhabi , equaling the fastest one of that time by Viv Richards . In July 2016 , Misbah scored a century against England at Lords and became the oldest cricketer in 82 years to score a test century . At the age of 42 years and 2 months , Misbah also became the oldest captain ever to score a test century . Misbah celebrated the landmark by saluting his team members and doing ten push-ups . He later explained during an interview that the",
"title": "Breaking records"
},
{
"text": "celebration was meant as a tribute to the Military Boot Camp in Abbotabad where the team had attended an army style training session .",
"title": "Breaking records"
},
{
"text": " During Pakistans tour of India , Misbah scored two centuries and was named acting captain for an ODI due to Shoaib Maliks injury .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Earlier in 2010 , after the Australia tour , he was dropped from all formats of the game and later was considering retiring if the selectors continue to ignore him . He was not considered for England tour where the spot-fixing saga happened due to which Salman Butt was banned , creating a captaincy hole in the team . Then in October 2010 , surprisingly he was appointed the Pakistans Test captain for series against South Africa in UAE .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " During Pakistans tour of the West Indies , Misbah enjoyed success in the second test match at Warner Park as he went on to score his first test century in four years . After West Indies series , Misbah replaced Shahid Afridi as the limited-overs captain after PCB and coach Waqar Younis were unhappy with Afridis captaincy and awkward public statements .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah led the team in eight T20I matches . He won six and lost two . He played his last T20I match against England in 27 February 2012 . After the defeat in Twenty20 series against England in 2012 and criticism from former cricketers , Misbah stepped down as Pakistans Twenty20 captain and Mohammad Hafeez was named his successor to lead the team in Twenty20 .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "In 2013 , Pakistan played bilateral series against South Africa , India , West Indies , Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka and they also participated in Champions Trophy . Despite winning against India in India , away series lose against South Africa 3β2 , win-less streak in Champions Trophy and winning against minnow Zimbabwe 2β1 and then again defeat in home series against South Africa in UAE 4β1 put huge criticism on Misbahs captaincy and his approach to the game . Especially series defeat against South Africa 4β1 , brought Misbahs captaincy under severe scrutiny . Ex-Pakistani players were demanding a",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "total renovation of Pakistan cricket , and Misbah was being criticized for his captaincy , slow batting and the defeat . The PCB , however , announced that Misbah was to remain captain until the 2015 Cricket World Cup . Several TV shows and notable personalities opposed this decision and demanded that Misbah should be sacked .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " In August 2016 , under Misbahs captaincy , Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988 . Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw . PCB chairman Shahryar Khan and ex-Pakistan coach Waqar Younis said that all credit should be given to Misbah for his leadership over the last six years .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah is the most successful test captain of Pakistan . Misbah has led Pakistan in 56 test matches , winning 26 , losing 19 with 11 draws . Misbah was named test captain after spot-fixing scandal during England tour of 2010 . In subsequent series against South Africa in the UAE he led Pakistan in tests . After resignation of Shahid Afridi as test captain and suspension of Salman Butt due to spot-fixing scandal , Misbah was preferred over Younus Khan , Mohammad Yousuf and Kamran Akmal as captain . Wasim Akram stated that although the decision was surprising if",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah bats and fields well everything else will go according to plan . Former Pakistan coach Geoff Lawson stated that he believed Misbah has the best cricketing brain within Pakistan and he will do incredibly well in the plans for the captaincy Misbah hit back at those who criticised the decision to appoint him captain and stated that he should be given a chance to prove himself",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " Misbah was the ODI captain from 2008β2015 and had the 10th highest success rate . He left in 2015 as captain from criticism due to his slow yet successful approach . However , after continuous international losses , notably Pakistans exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 , PCB officials seriously considered asking him to return as ODI captain .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " In January 2015 , Misbah announced that he would retire from ODIs and T20Is after the 2015 World Cup . Misbah captained Pakistan in 2015 Cricket World Cup at Australia . He was the leading run scorer in tournament from Pakistan . Pakistan could only make it to Quarter-Finals . They were defeated by Australia in Quarter-Final , which was the last ODI match for Misbah .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "In April 2016 , Misbah decided to postpone his Test retirement until Australia tour in 2016/17 . On 31 October Misbah ul-Haq ended his PSL career but soon took back his PSL retirement .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " In November 2016 , against New Zealand at Christchurch , Misbah-ul-Haq was handed over a one-match suspension by the ICC for his sides slow over rate , meaning he had to miss the second Test in Hamilton . On 30 December 2016 , Cricinfo published an article which indicated that Misbah might retire .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "However , he continued to play in longer format for rest of the series with success , where Pakistan beat England to become No . 1 Test team in the world as well . On 6 April 2017 , Misbah finally announced his intentions to retire from all international cricket after the conclusion of West Indies tour .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " He played his last international match on May 10 , 2017 against West Indies in Roseau . He scored his 39th Test fifty in the first innings , but dismissed for just 2 runs in the second innings . However , in his last match as captain , Pakistan won the match by 101 runs and sealed the series 2β1 . The win highlighted as the first ever series win against West Indies in the West Indies as well .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " On 4 September 2019 , Misbah was appointed as the head coach for Pakistan cricket team as well as chief selector on a 3-year contract . This is the first time someone had simultaneously held both positions in Pakistan cricket . This started well for Misbah who won the One day international series 2β0 . But then in the T20 series Sri Lanka pulled off a shock result and whitewashed Pakistan . Afterwards he led the team in Australia where they lost the test series 2-0 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2020 , he resigned as chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team . His first tour as just the Head Coach came against New Zealand where Pakistan were beaten 2-0 . After this he lead Pakistan to their first Test series win against South Africa since 2003 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Holds the record for scoring the most runs in ODI cricket without a career hundred ( 5,122 ) . - Leading run scorer in ODIs during 2013 . - Pakistans most successful Test captain with 26 wins . - The first batsman to make a Test hundred after the age of 41 since Geoffrey Boycott in 1981 . - One of 2017 Wisden Cricketers of the Year .",
"title": "Records and Achievements"
},
{
"text": " - Pride of Performance β President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Pride of Performance to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2014 . - ICC Spirit of Cricket β 2016 - PCBs Imtiaz Ahmed Spirit of Cricket Award and Lifetime Achievement Award β 2017 . - Sitara-i-Imtiaz - President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2018 .",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Misbah-ul-Haqs profile page on Wisden",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Misbah-ul-Haq#P54#2
|
Which team did Misbah-ul-Haq play for between Aug 2002 and Oct 2002?
|
Misbah-ul-Haq Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi ( ) ( born 28 May 1974 ) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer . Ul-haq captained Pakistan in Test cricket and One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Ul-haq is the current head coach and former chief selector of the Pakistan national team . A late bloomer , ul-haq was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required . Ul-haq scored the fastest fifty in Test cricket and set a new record for the fastest Test hundred and holds the record for most career ODI runs without a century . Ul-haq has an MBA degree in Human Resource Management from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore , Punjab . After announcing retirement from limited overs cricket in 2015 , Ul-haq continued to play Test cricket for a few years . On 4 April 2017 , Ul-haq announced his retirement from all international cricket as well after the conclusion of West Indies tour . Ul-haq retired from all formats of international cricket on 14 May 2017 . Early life . Misbah grew up in Mianwali in Pakistani Punjab . His father , Abdul Qudoos Niazi , was a school principal who died during Misbahs childhood . Misbah is part of a non-Pashto speaking Pashtun Niazi family ; the Pakistan cricketer and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is his distant cousin . During his early days , Misbah played tape ball cricket for his hometown , but his parents insisted on him securing a good education and he completed a BSc in Faisalabad . He then enrolled in the University of Management and Technology to pursue an MBA degree . Misbah would eventually make his first-class debut in 1998 , aged 24 for Sargodha . Misbah went on to be selected for the Pakistani Test side in 2001 and the ODI cricket team in 2002 . Misbah married Uzma Khan in 2004 . The couple have two children . Domestic career . Misbah had not only gained success at international level but also at domestic level . His 2012β13 domestic season was memorable . He captained Faisalabad Wolves in Twenty20 domestic tournament and SNGPL in First-class and List-A domestic tournament . First , he took SNGPL to victory in Presidents Trophy against Younus Khans HBL and then Faisalabad Wolves to victory in Faysal Bank Super 8 against Shoaib Maliks Sialkot Stallions in final surprisingly . Though Faisalabad Wolves lost final earlier in Faysal Bank T20 Cup against Mohammad Hafeezs Lahore Lions but they took their revenge in Super 8 tournament in semi-final and eventually winning the tournament and more importantly qualifying for the Champions League T20 . And at last Misbah led SNGPL to another victory in domestic list-A tournament , Presidents Cup against Rana Naved-ul-Hasans WAPDA in final . Misbah won all domestic tournaments ( Twenty20 , first-class and list-A ) in domestic season 2012/13 . Misbah played in 2008 Indian Premier League Season 1 for Royal Challengers Bangalore while he played in Sri Lanka Premier League for Kandurata Warriors in 2012 . And he also represented St Lucia Zouks in 2013 season in Caribbean Premier League . He also played for Abhani in Bangladesh . Misbah revealed that he had been offered a two-year contract by Worcestershire County Cricket Club to play in the English County Championship from 2013 onwards , but declined due to clashes with his international commitments . In 2015 , Misbah signed by Rangpur Riders to play in the third edition of the Bangladesh Premier League . He made the decision to play in order to remain match fit for the upcoming Test Series with England in July 2016 . In only his first game for Rangpur Riders , Misbah scored 61 runs , smashing 4 sixes and winning his team the game by chasing a mammoth total of 187 . He was awarded the Man of the Match award for the performances . Misbah signed by Islamabad United for a price of $140,000 to be played in February 2016 for Pakistan Super League . He is the 10th highest scorer in the league . He led Islamabad United to be the first champions of Pakistan Super League , and again was captain of the Islamabad United when the team won the third edition of PSL . Misbah also enjoys the highest success percentage as captain in Pakistan Super League matches up till now . In 2019 against the Lahore Qalandars , he became the oldest player in all of t20 cricket to score a 50 . International career . Early days . Although making his international debut back in 2001 , his breakthrough came when was selected for ICC World T20 . Misbah was influential in his prolific 2007 ICC World Twenty20 famously playing the Paddle Scoop in the Final against India in the final over as Pakistan lost by 5 runs . He was leading run scorer from Pakistan and third overall in the tournament . Also he was the first Pakistani player who reached No . 1 position in ICC T20I batsmen rankings . He was also the first Pakistani player to score a 50 in T20I . His knock of 66 against Australia was named as the fourth-best T20I batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . He was named in the Team of the Tournament by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup . His knock of 161* against India at Bengaluru was named as the third-best Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . For his performances in 2007 , he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo . Misbah was a member of the 2009 World T20 winning squad and was praised for his performance . Misbah played an influential role in getting Pakistan to the 2011 World Cup semifinals under Shahid Afridis captaincy . After the loss against India at Mohali , Misbah faced criticism from fans and experts for playing too many dot balls in crucial overs . Success . In 2013 , Misbah was brilliant in terms of his batting . He moved to a career-best seventh place in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen . Misbah was the leading run scorer in ODI cricket with 1373 runs for year 2013 ahead of Mohammad Hafeez and Virat Kohli . He also had 15 ODI half centuries , which is a record for most ODI half centuries in a calendar year , as well as hitting 3rd most ODI sixes that year . Despite , Pakistan losing all 3 of their games , h was named as part of the Team of the Tournament in the 2013 Champions Trophy by the ICC . He was also named as captain of the Team by Cricinfo . In the first test at Abu Dhabi against South Africa , Pakistan amassed 442 runs , where Misbah scored his fourth test century , which was the second in the innings after Khurram Manzoors 146 . In the second innings the Pakistani batting collapsed and were 7/3 with only needing a mere target of 40 . When the two seniors of the team ( Misbah and Younis Khan ) came in to bat , Misbah hit two sixes off the bowling of Robin Peterson and hit the winning runs with a straight six . In the second test at Dubai , Pakistan were all out for 99 in the first innings . After South Africa amassed a total of 517 with Graeme Smith hitting his 4th Test double and yet another century from the AB de Villiers , Pakistan were faltering for an embarrassing defeat . At 70/4 Misbah came in and blitzed the South African bowling attack with a 197 run stand with the Asad Shafiq repeating the same stand the two had in the first test , Misbah scored 88 before trying to obliterate the part-time spinner Dean Elgar over cow corner but edged it straight to Jacques Kallis . South Africa invited Pakistan to play South Africa at home , in their third bilateral series of the year . The first ODI was hosted at Cape Town . South Africa were bundled out for 195 , losing by 23 runs , and Pakistan taking the lead , 1β0 . The 2nd ODI at Port Elizabeth was rain-affected , bringing it down to 45 overs per side . Pakistan won the game by 1 run , which also led them to a maiden series win against South Africa , that too at South Africas own home . Pakistan was also the first South Asian team to beat South Africa in a bilateral ODI series at home . In the third ODI , Ahmad Shehzad , Mohammad Hafeez , Shahid Afridi and Junaid Khan were all rested . Batting first once again , Pakistan scraped together a total of 179 all out , with Misbah remaining unbeaten on 79 . Although the bowlers tried to keep Pakistan in the game , the target proved to be too low and South Africa won by 4 wickets . Pakistan took the series 2β1 . This away win over the Proteas after being humiliated in Pakistans adopted home , the UAE , brought things back to normal in Pakistan cricket , with Misbah receiving praise from across the country . Breaking records . In 2014 , he made a test century off of 56 deliveries against Australia in Abu Dhabi , equaling the fastest one of that time by Viv Richards . In July 2016 , Misbah scored a century against England at Lords and became the oldest cricketer in 82 years to score a test century . At the age of 42 years and 2 months , Misbah also became the oldest captain ever to score a test century . Misbah celebrated the landmark by saluting his team members and doing ten push-ups . He later explained during an interview that the celebration was meant as a tribute to the Military Boot Camp in Abbotabad where the team had attended an army style training session . Captaincy . During Pakistans tour of India , Misbah scored two centuries and was named acting captain for an ODI due to Shoaib Maliks injury . Earlier in 2010 , after the Australia tour , he was dropped from all formats of the game and later was considering retiring if the selectors continue to ignore him . He was not considered for England tour where the spot-fixing saga happened due to which Salman Butt was banned , creating a captaincy hole in the team . Then in October 2010 , surprisingly he was appointed the Pakistans Test captain for series against South Africa in UAE . During Pakistans tour of the West Indies , Misbah enjoyed success in the second test match at Warner Park as he went on to score his first test century in four years . After West Indies series , Misbah replaced Shahid Afridi as the limited-overs captain after PCB and coach Waqar Younis were unhappy with Afridis captaincy and awkward public statements . Misbah led the team in eight T20I matches . He won six and lost two . He played his last T20I match against England in 27 February 2012 . After the defeat in Twenty20 series against England in 2012 and criticism from former cricketers , Misbah stepped down as Pakistans Twenty20 captain and Mohammad Hafeez was named his successor to lead the team in Twenty20 . In 2013 , Pakistan played bilateral series against South Africa , India , West Indies , Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka and they also participated in Champions Trophy . Despite winning against India in India , away series lose against South Africa 3β2 , win-less streak in Champions Trophy and winning against minnow Zimbabwe 2β1 and then again defeat in home series against South Africa in UAE 4β1 put huge criticism on Misbahs captaincy and his approach to the game . Especially series defeat against South Africa 4β1 , brought Misbahs captaincy under severe scrutiny . Ex-Pakistani players were demanding a total renovation of Pakistan cricket , and Misbah was being criticized for his captaincy , slow batting and the defeat . The PCB , however , announced that Misbah was to remain captain until the 2015 Cricket World Cup . Several TV shows and notable personalities opposed this decision and demanded that Misbah should be sacked . In August 2016 , under Misbahs captaincy , Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988 . Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw . PCB chairman Shahryar Khan and ex-Pakistan coach Waqar Younis said that all credit should be given to Misbah for his leadership over the last six years . Misbah is the most successful test captain of Pakistan . Misbah has led Pakistan in 56 test matches , winning 26 , losing 19 with 11 draws . Misbah was named test captain after spot-fixing scandal during England tour of 2010 . In subsequent series against South Africa in the UAE he led Pakistan in tests . After resignation of Shahid Afridi as test captain and suspension of Salman Butt due to spot-fixing scandal , Misbah was preferred over Younus Khan , Mohammad Yousuf and Kamran Akmal as captain . Wasim Akram stated that although the decision was surprising if Misbah bats and fields well everything else will go according to plan . Former Pakistan coach Geoff Lawson stated that he believed Misbah has the best cricketing brain within Pakistan and he will do incredibly well in the plans for the captaincy Misbah hit back at those who criticised the decision to appoint him captain and stated that he should be given a chance to prove himself Misbah was the ODI captain from 2008β2015 and had the 10th highest success rate . He left in 2015 as captain from criticism due to his slow yet successful approach . However , after continuous international losses , notably Pakistans exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 , PCB officials seriously considered asking him to return as ODI captain . Retirement . In January 2015 , Misbah announced that he would retire from ODIs and T20Is after the 2015 World Cup . Misbah captained Pakistan in 2015 Cricket World Cup at Australia . He was the leading run scorer in tournament from Pakistan . Pakistan could only make it to Quarter-Finals . They were defeated by Australia in Quarter-Final , which was the last ODI match for Misbah . In April 2016 , Misbah decided to postpone his Test retirement until Australia tour in 2016/17 . On 31 October Misbah ul-Haq ended his PSL career but soon took back his PSL retirement . In November 2016 , against New Zealand at Christchurch , Misbah-ul-Haq was handed over a one-match suspension by the ICC for his sides slow over rate , meaning he had to miss the second Test in Hamilton . On 30 December 2016 , Cricinfo published an article which indicated that Misbah might retire . However , he continued to play in longer format for rest of the series with success , where Pakistan beat England to become No . 1 Test team in the world as well . On 6 April 2017 , Misbah finally announced his intentions to retire from all international cricket after the conclusion of West Indies tour . He played his last international match on May 10 , 2017 against West Indies in Roseau . He scored his 39th Test fifty in the first innings , but dismissed for just 2 runs in the second innings . However , in his last match as captain , Pakistan won the match by 101 runs and sealed the series 2β1 . The win highlighted as the first ever series win against West Indies in the West Indies as well . Coaching career . On 4 September 2019 , Misbah was appointed as the head coach for Pakistan cricket team as well as chief selector on a 3-year contract . This is the first time someone had simultaneously held both positions in Pakistan cricket . This started well for Misbah who won the One day international series 2β0 . But then in the T20 series Sri Lanka pulled off a shock result and whitewashed Pakistan . Afterwards he led the team in Australia where they lost the test series 2-0 . In October 2020 , he resigned as chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team . His first tour as just the Head Coach came against New Zealand where Pakistan were beaten 2-0 . After this he lead Pakistan to their first Test series win against South Africa since 2003 . Records and Achievements . - Holds the record for scoring the most runs in ODI cricket without a career hundred ( 5,122 ) . - Leading run scorer in ODIs during 2013 . - Pakistans most successful Test captain with 26 wins . - The first batsman to make a Test hundred after the age of 41 since Geoffrey Boycott in 1981 . - One of 2017 Wisden Cricketers of the Year . Recognition . - Pride of Performance β President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Pride of Performance to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2014 . - ICC Spirit of Cricket β 2016 - PCBs Imtiaz Ahmed Spirit of Cricket Award and Lifetime Achievement Award β 2017 . - Sitara-i-Imtiaz - President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2018 . External links . - Misbah-ul-Haqs profile page on Wisden
|
[
"Pakistani Test side"
] |
[
{
"text": " Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi ( ) ( born 28 May 1974 ) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer . Ul-haq captained Pakistan in Test cricket and One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Ul-haq is the current head coach and former chief selector of the Pakistan national team .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": "A late bloomer , ul-haq was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required . Ul-haq scored the fastest fifty in Test cricket and set a new record for the fastest Test hundred and holds the record for most career ODI runs without a century .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": " Ul-haq has an MBA degree in Human Resource Management from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore , Punjab . After announcing retirement from limited overs cricket in 2015 , Ul-haq continued to play Test cricket for a few years . On 4 April 2017 , Ul-haq announced his retirement from all international cricket as well after the conclusion of West Indies tour . Ul-haq retired from all formats of international cricket on 14 May 2017 .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": "Misbah grew up in Mianwali in Pakistani Punjab . His father , Abdul Qudoos Niazi , was a school principal who died during Misbahs childhood . Misbah is part of a non-Pashto speaking Pashtun Niazi family ; the Pakistan cricketer and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is his distant cousin . During his early days , Misbah played tape ball cricket for his hometown , but his parents insisted on him securing a good education and he completed a BSc in Faisalabad . He then enrolled in the University of Management and Technology to pursue an MBA degree",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Misbah would eventually make his first-class debut in 1998 , aged 24 for Sargodha . Misbah went on to be selected for the Pakistani Test side in 2001 and the ODI cricket team in 2002 . Misbah married Uzma Khan in 2004 . The couple have two children .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Misbah had not only gained success at international level but also at domestic level . His 2012β13 domestic season was memorable . He captained Faisalabad Wolves in Twenty20 domestic tournament and SNGPL in First-class and List-A domestic tournament . First , he took SNGPL to victory in Presidents Trophy against Younus Khans HBL and then Faisalabad Wolves to victory in Faysal Bank Super 8 against Shoaib Maliks Sialkot Stallions in final surprisingly . Though Faisalabad Wolves lost final earlier in Faysal Bank T20 Cup against Mohammad Hafeezs Lahore Lions but they took their revenge in Super 8 tournament in semi-final",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "and eventually winning the tournament and more importantly qualifying for the Champions League T20 . And at last Misbah led SNGPL to another victory in domestic list-A tournament , Presidents Cup against Rana Naved-ul-Hasans WAPDA in final . Misbah won all domestic tournaments ( Twenty20 , first-class and list-A ) in domestic season 2012/13 .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": " Misbah played in 2008 Indian Premier League Season 1 for Royal Challengers Bangalore while he played in Sri Lanka Premier League for Kandurata Warriors in 2012 . And he also represented St Lucia Zouks in 2013 season in Caribbean Premier League . He also played for Abhani in Bangladesh . Misbah revealed that he had been offered a two-year contract by Worcestershire County Cricket Club to play in the English County Championship from 2013 onwards , but declined due to clashes with his international commitments .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Misbah signed by Rangpur Riders to play in the third edition of the Bangladesh Premier League . He made the decision to play in order to remain match fit for the upcoming Test Series with England in July 2016 . In only his first game for Rangpur Riders , Misbah scored 61 runs , smashing 4 sixes and winning his team the game by chasing a mammoth total of 187 . He was awarded the Man of the Match award for the performances .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": " Misbah signed by Islamabad United for a price of $140,000 to be played in February 2016 for Pakistan Super League . He is the 10th highest scorer in the league . He led Islamabad United to be the first champions of Pakistan Super League , and again was captain of the Islamabad United when the team won the third edition of PSL . Misbah also enjoys the highest success percentage as captain in Pakistan Super League matches up till now .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 against the Lahore Qalandars , he became the oldest player in all of t20 cricket to score a 50 .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "Although making his international debut back in 2001 , his breakthrough came when was selected for ICC World T20 . Misbah was influential in his prolific 2007 ICC World Twenty20 famously playing the Paddle Scoop in the Final against India in the final over as Pakistan lost by 5 runs . He was leading run scorer from Pakistan and third overall in the tournament . Also he was the first Pakistani player who reached No . 1 position in ICC T20I batsmen rankings . He was also the first Pakistani player to score a 50 in T20I . His knock",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": "of 66 against Australia was named as the fourth-best T20I batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . He was named in the Team of the Tournament by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": " His knock of 161* against India at Bengaluru was named as the third-best Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . For his performances in 2007 , he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": "Misbah was a member of the 2009 World T20 winning squad and was praised for his performance . Misbah played an influential role in getting Pakistan to the 2011 World Cup semifinals under Shahid Afridis captaincy . After the loss against India at Mohali , Misbah faced criticism from fans and experts for playing too many dot balls in crucial overs .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , Misbah was brilliant in terms of his batting . He moved to a career-best seventh place in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen . Misbah was the leading run scorer in ODI cricket with 1373 runs for year 2013 ahead of Mohammad Hafeez and Virat Kohli . He also had 15 ODI half centuries , which is a record for most ODI half centuries in a calendar year , as well as hitting 3rd most ODI sixes that year .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "Despite , Pakistan losing all 3 of their games , h was named as part of the Team of the Tournament in the 2013 Champions Trophy by the ICC . He was also named as captain of the Team by Cricinfo .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": " In the first test at Abu Dhabi against South Africa , Pakistan amassed 442 runs , where Misbah scored his fourth test century , which was the second in the innings after Khurram Manzoors 146 . In the second innings the Pakistani batting collapsed and were 7/3 with only needing a mere target of 40 . When the two seniors of the team ( Misbah and Younis Khan ) came in to bat , Misbah hit two sixes off the bowling of Robin Peterson and hit the winning runs with a straight six .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "In the second test at Dubai , Pakistan were all out for 99 in the first innings . After South Africa amassed a total of 517 with Graeme Smith hitting his 4th Test double and yet another century from the AB de Villiers , Pakistan were faltering for an embarrassing defeat . At 70/4 Misbah came in and blitzed the South African bowling attack with a 197 run stand with the Asad Shafiq repeating the same stand the two had in the first test , Misbah scored 88 before trying to obliterate the part-time spinner Dean Elgar over cow corner",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "but edged it straight to Jacques Kallis . South Africa invited Pakistan to play South Africa at home , in their third bilateral series of the year .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "The first ODI was hosted at Cape Town . South Africa were bundled out for 195 , losing by 23 runs , and Pakistan taking the lead , 1β0 . The 2nd ODI at Port Elizabeth was rain-affected , bringing it down to 45 overs per side . Pakistan won the game by 1 run , which also led them to a maiden series win against South Africa , that too at South Africas own home . Pakistan was also the first South Asian team to beat South Africa in a bilateral ODI series at home . In the third",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "ODI , Ahmad Shehzad , Mohammad Hafeez , Shahid Afridi and Junaid Khan were all rested . Batting first once again , Pakistan scraped together a total of 179 all out , with Misbah remaining unbeaten on 79 . Although the bowlers tried to keep Pakistan in the game , the target proved to be too low and South Africa won by 4 wickets . Pakistan took the series 2β1 . This away win over the Proteas after being humiliated in Pakistans adopted home , the UAE , brought things back to normal in Pakistan cricket , with Misbah receiving",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "praise from across the country .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "In 2014 , he made a test century off of 56 deliveries against Australia in Abu Dhabi , equaling the fastest one of that time by Viv Richards . In July 2016 , Misbah scored a century against England at Lords and became the oldest cricketer in 82 years to score a test century . At the age of 42 years and 2 months , Misbah also became the oldest captain ever to score a test century . Misbah celebrated the landmark by saluting his team members and doing ten push-ups . He later explained during an interview that the",
"title": "Breaking records"
},
{
"text": "celebration was meant as a tribute to the Military Boot Camp in Abbotabad where the team had attended an army style training session .",
"title": "Breaking records"
},
{
"text": " During Pakistans tour of India , Misbah scored two centuries and was named acting captain for an ODI due to Shoaib Maliks injury .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Earlier in 2010 , after the Australia tour , he was dropped from all formats of the game and later was considering retiring if the selectors continue to ignore him . He was not considered for England tour where the spot-fixing saga happened due to which Salman Butt was banned , creating a captaincy hole in the team . Then in October 2010 , surprisingly he was appointed the Pakistans Test captain for series against South Africa in UAE .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " During Pakistans tour of the West Indies , Misbah enjoyed success in the second test match at Warner Park as he went on to score his first test century in four years . After West Indies series , Misbah replaced Shahid Afridi as the limited-overs captain after PCB and coach Waqar Younis were unhappy with Afridis captaincy and awkward public statements .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah led the team in eight T20I matches . He won six and lost two . He played his last T20I match against England in 27 February 2012 . After the defeat in Twenty20 series against England in 2012 and criticism from former cricketers , Misbah stepped down as Pakistans Twenty20 captain and Mohammad Hafeez was named his successor to lead the team in Twenty20 .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "In 2013 , Pakistan played bilateral series against South Africa , India , West Indies , Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka and they also participated in Champions Trophy . Despite winning against India in India , away series lose against South Africa 3β2 , win-less streak in Champions Trophy and winning against minnow Zimbabwe 2β1 and then again defeat in home series against South Africa in UAE 4β1 put huge criticism on Misbahs captaincy and his approach to the game . Especially series defeat against South Africa 4β1 , brought Misbahs captaincy under severe scrutiny . Ex-Pakistani players were demanding a",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "total renovation of Pakistan cricket , and Misbah was being criticized for his captaincy , slow batting and the defeat . The PCB , however , announced that Misbah was to remain captain until the 2015 Cricket World Cup . Several TV shows and notable personalities opposed this decision and demanded that Misbah should be sacked .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " In August 2016 , under Misbahs captaincy , Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988 . Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw . PCB chairman Shahryar Khan and ex-Pakistan coach Waqar Younis said that all credit should be given to Misbah for his leadership over the last six years .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah is the most successful test captain of Pakistan . Misbah has led Pakistan in 56 test matches , winning 26 , losing 19 with 11 draws . Misbah was named test captain after spot-fixing scandal during England tour of 2010 . In subsequent series against South Africa in the UAE he led Pakistan in tests . After resignation of Shahid Afridi as test captain and suspension of Salman Butt due to spot-fixing scandal , Misbah was preferred over Younus Khan , Mohammad Yousuf and Kamran Akmal as captain . Wasim Akram stated that although the decision was surprising if",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah bats and fields well everything else will go according to plan . Former Pakistan coach Geoff Lawson stated that he believed Misbah has the best cricketing brain within Pakistan and he will do incredibly well in the plans for the captaincy Misbah hit back at those who criticised the decision to appoint him captain and stated that he should be given a chance to prove himself",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " Misbah was the ODI captain from 2008β2015 and had the 10th highest success rate . He left in 2015 as captain from criticism due to his slow yet successful approach . However , after continuous international losses , notably Pakistans exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 , PCB officials seriously considered asking him to return as ODI captain .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " In January 2015 , Misbah announced that he would retire from ODIs and T20Is after the 2015 World Cup . Misbah captained Pakistan in 2015 Cricket World Cup at Australia . He was the leading run scorer in tournament from Pakistan . Pakistan could only make it to Quarter-Finals . They were defeated by Australia in Quarter-Final , which was the last ODI match for Misbah .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "In April 2016 , Misbah decided to postpone his Test retirement until Australia tour in 2016/17 . On 31 October Misbah ul-Haq ended his PSL career but soon took back his PSL retirement .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " In November 2016 , against New Zealand at Christchurch , Misbah-ul-Haq was handed over a one-match suspension by the ICC for his sides slow over rate , meaning he had to miss the second Test in Hamilton . On 30 December 2016 , Cricinfo published an article which indicated that Misbah might retire .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "However , he continued to play in longer format for rest of the series with success , where Pakistan beat England to become No . 1 Test team in the world as well . On 6 April 2017 , Misbah finally announced his intentions to retire from all international cricket after the conclusion of West Indies tour .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " He played his last international match on May 10 , 2017 against West Indies in Roseau . He scored his 39th Test fifty in the first innings , but dismissed for just 2 runs in the second innings . However , in his last match as captain , Pakistan won the match by 101 runs and sealed the series 2β1 . The win highlighted as the first ever series win against West Indies in the West Indies as well .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " On 4 September 2019 , Misbah was appointed as the head coach for Pakistan cricket team as well as chief selector on a 3-year contract . This is the first time someone had simultaneously held both positions in Pakistan cricket . This started well for Misbah who won the One day international series 2β0 . But then in the T20 series Sri Lanka pulled off a shock result and whitewashed Pakistan . Afterwards he led the team in Australia where they lost the test series 2-0 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2020 , he resigned as chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team . His first tour as just the Head Coach came against New Zealand where Pakistan were beaten 2-0 . After this he lead Pakistan to their first Test series win against South Africa since 2003 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Holds the record for scoring the most runs in ODI cricket without a career hundred ( 5,122 ) . - Leading run scorer in ODIs during 2013 . - Pakistans most successful Test captain with 26 wins . - The first batsman to make a Test hundred after the age of 41 since Geoffrey Boycott in 1981 . - One of 2017 Wisden Cricketers of the Year .",
"title": "Records and Achievements"
},
{
"text": " - Pride of Performance β President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Pride of Performance to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2014 . - ICC Spirit of Cricket β 2016 - PCBs Imtiaz Ahmed Spirit of Cricket Award and Lifetime Achievement Award β 2017 . - Sitara-i-Imtiaz - President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2018 .",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Misbah-ul-Haqs profile page on Wisden",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Misbah-ul-Haq#P54#3
|
Which team did Misbah-ul-Haq play for in 2003?
|
Misbah-ul-Haq Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi ( ) ( born 28 May 1974 ) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer . Ul-haq captained Pakistan in Test cricket and One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Ul-haq is the current head coach and former chief selector of the Pakistan national team . A late bloomer , ul-haq was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required . Ul-haq scored the fastest fifty in Test cricket and set a new record for the fastest Test hundred and holds the record for most career ODI runs without a century . Ul-haq has an MBA degree in Human Resource Management from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore , Punjab . After announcing retirement from limited overs cricket in 2015 , Ul-haq continued to play Test cricket for a few years . On 4 April 2017 , Ul-haq announced his retirement from all international cricket as well after the conclusion of West Indies tour . Ul-haq retired from all formats of international cricket on 14 May 2017 . Early life . Misbah grew up in Mianwali in Pakistani Punjab . His father , Abdul Qudoos Niazi , was a school principal who died during Misbahs childhood . Misbah is part of a non-Pashto speaking Pashtun Niazi family ; the Pakistan cricketer and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is his distant cousin . During his early days , Misbah played tape ball cricket for his hometown , but his parents insisted on him securing a good education and he completed a BSc in Faisalabad . He then enrolled in the University of Management and Technology to pursue an MBA degree . Misbah would eventually make his first-class debut in 1998 , aged 24 for Sargodha . Misbah went on to be selected for the Pakistani Test side in 2001 and the ODI cricket team in 2002 . Misbah married Uzma Khan in 2004 . The couple have two children . Domestic career . Misbah had not only gained success at international level but also at domestic level . His 2012β13 domestic season was memorable . He captained Faisalabad Wolves in Twenty20 domestic tournament and SNGPL in First-class and List-A domestic tournament . First , he took SNGPL to victory in Presidents Trophy against Younus Khans HBL and then Faisalabad Wolves to victory in Faysal Bank Super 8 against Shoaib Maliks Sialkot Stallions in final surprisingly . Though Faisalabad Wolves lost final earlier in Faysal Bank T20 Cup against Mohammad Hafeezs Lahore Lions but they took their revenge in Super 8 tournament in semi-final and eventually winning the tournament and more importantly qualifying for the Champions League T20 . And at last Misbah led SNGPL to another victory in domestic list-A tournament , Presidents Cup against Rana Naved-ul-Hasans WAPDA in final . Misbah won all domestic tournaments ( Twenty20 , first-class and list-A ) in domestic season 2012/13 . Misbah played in 2008 Indian Premier League Season 1 for Royal Challengers Bangalore while he played in Sri Lanka Premier League for Kandurata Warriors in 2012 . And he also represented St Lucia Zouks in 2013 season in Caribbean Premier League . He also played for Abhani in Bangladesh . Misbah revealed that he had been offered a two-year contract by Worcestershire County Cricket Club to play in the English County Championship from 2013 onwards , but declined due to clashes with his international commitments . In 2015 , Misbah signed by Rangpur Riders to play in the third edition of the Bangladesh Premier League . He made the decision to play in order to remain match fit for the upcoming Test Series with England in July 2016 . In only his first game for Rangpur Riders , Misbah scored 61 runs , smashing 4 sixes and winning his team the game by chasing a mammoth total of 187 . He was awarded the Man of the Match award for the performances . Misbah signed by Islamabad United for a price of $140,000 to be played in February 2016 for Pakistan Super League . He is the 10th highest scorer in the league . He led Islamabad United to be the first champions of Pakistan Super League , and again was captain of the Islamabad United when the team won the third edition of PSL . Misbah also enjoys the highest success percentage as captain in Pakistan Super League matches up till now . In 2019 against the Lahore Qalandars , he became the oldest player in all of t20 cricket to score a 50 . International career . Early days . Although making his international debut back in 2001 , his breakthrough came when was selected for ICC World T20 . Misbah was influential in his prolific 2007 ICC World Twenty20 famously playing the Paddle Scoop in the Final against India in the final over as Pakistan lost by 5 runs . He was leading run scorer from Pakistan and third overall in the tournament . Also he was the first Pakistani player who reached No . 1 position in ICC T20I batsmen rankings . He was also the first Pakistani player to score a 50 in T20I . His knock of 66 against Australia was named as the fourth-best T20I batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . He was named in the Team of the Tournament by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup . His knock of 161* against India at Bengaluru was named as the third-best Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . For his performances in 2007 , he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo . Misbah was a member of the 2009 World T20 winning squad and was praised for his performance . Misbah played an influential role in getting Pakistan to the 2011 World Cup semifinals under Shahid Afridis captaincy . After the loss against India at Mohali , Misbah faced criticism from fans and experts for playing too many dot balls in crucial overs . Success . In 2013 , Misbah was brilliant in terms of his batting . He moved to a career-best seventh place in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen . Misbah was the leading run scorer in ODI cricket with 1373 runs for year 2013 ahead of Mohammad Hafeez and Virat Kohli . He also had 15 ODI half centuries , which is a record for most ODI half centuries in a calendar year , as well as hitting 3rd most ODI sixes that year . Despite , Pakistan losing all 3 of their games , h was named as part of the Team of the Tournament in the 2013 Champions Trophy by the ICC . He was also named as captain of the Team by Cricinfo . In the first test at Abu Dhabi against South Africa , Pakistan amassed 442 runs , where Misbah scored his fourth test century , which was the second in the innings after Khurram Manzoors 146 . In the second innings the Pakistani batting collapsed and were 7/3 with only needing a mere target of 40 . When the two seniors of the team ( Misbah and Younis Khan ) came in to bat , Misbah hit two sixes off the bowling of Robin Peterson and hit the winning runs with a straight six . In the second test at Dubai , Pakistan were all out for 99 in the first innings . After South Africa amassed a total of 517 with Graeme Smith hitting his 4th Test double and yet another century from the AB de Villiers , Pakistan were faltering for an embarrassing defeat . At 70/4 Misbah came in and blitzed the South African bowling attack with a 197 run stand with the Asad Shafiq repeating the same stand the two had in the first test , Misbah scored 88 before trying to obliterate the part-time spinner Dean Elgar over cow corner but edged it straight to Jacques Kallis . South Africa invited Pakistan to play South Africa at home , in their third bilateral series of the year . The first ODI was hosted at Cape Town . South Africa were bundled out for 195 , losing by 23 runs , and Pakistan taking the lead , 1β0 . The 2nd ODI at Port Elizabeth was rain-affected , bringing it down to 45 overs per side . Pakistan won the game by 1 run , which also led them to a maiden series win against South Africa , that too at South Africas own home . Pakistan was also the first South Asian team to beat South Africa in a bilateral ODI series at home . In the third ODI , Ahmad Shehzad , Mohammad Hafeez , Shahid Afridi and Junaid Khan were all rested . Batting first once again , Pakistan scraped together a total of 179 all out , with Misbah remaining unbeaten on 79 . Although the bowlers tried to keep Pakistan in the game , the target proved to be too low and South Africa won by 4 wickets . Pakistan took the series 2β1 . This away win over the Proteas after being humiliated in Pakistans adopted home , the UAE , brought things back to normal in Pakistan cricket , with Misbah receiving praise from across the country . Breaking records . In 2014 , he made a test century off of 56 deliveries against Australia in Abu Dhabi , equaling the fastest one of that time by Viv Richards . In July 2016 , Misbah scored a century against England at Lords and became the oldest cricketer in 82 years to score a test century . At the age of 42 years and 2 months , Misbah also became the oldest captain ever to score a test century . Misbah celebrated the landmark by saluting his team members and doing ten push-ups . He later explained during an interview that the celebration was meant as a tribute to the Military Boot Camp in Abbotabad where the team had attended an army style training session . Captaincy . During Pakistans tour of India , Misbah scored two centuries and was named acting captain for an ODI due to Shoaib Maliks injury . Earlier in 2010 , after the Australia tour , he was dropped from all formats of the game and later was considering retiring if the selectors continue to ignore him . He was not considered for England tour where the spot-fixing saga happened due to which Salman Butt was banned , creating a captaincy hole in the team . Then in October 2010 , surprisingly he was appointed the Pakistans Test captain for series against South Africa in UAE . During Pakistans tour of the West Indies , Misbah enjoyed success in the second test match at Warner Park as he went on to score his first test century in four years . After West Indies series , Misbah replaced Shahid Afridi as the limited-overs captain after PCB and coach Waqar Younis were unhappy with Afridis captaincy and awkward public statements . Misbah led the team in eight T20I matches . He won six and lost two . He played his last T20I match against England in 27 February 2012 . After the defeat in Twenty20 series against England in 2012 and criticism from former cricketers , Misbah stepped down as Pakistans Twenty20 captain and Mohammad Hafeez was named his successor to lead the team in Twenty20 . In 2013 , Pakistan played bilateral series against South Africa , India , West Indies , Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka and they also participated in Champions Trophy . Despite winning against India in India , away series lose against South Africa 3β2 , win-less streak in Champions Trophy and winning against minnow Zimbabwe 2β1 and then again defeat in home series against South Africa in UAE 4β1 put huge criticism on Misbahs captaincy and his approach to the game . Especially series defeat against South Africa 4β1 , brought Misbahs captaincy under severe scrutiny . Ex-Pakistani players were demanding a total renovation of Pakistan cricket , and Misbah was being criticized for his captaincy , slow batting and the defeat . The PCB , however , announced that Misbah was to remain captain until the 2015 Cricket World Cup . Several TV shows and notable personalities opposed this decision and demanded that Misbah should be sacked . In August 2016 , under Misbahs captaincy , Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988 . Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw . PCB chairman Shahryar Khan and ex-Pakistan coach Waqar Younis said that all credit should be given to Misbah for his leadership over the last six years . Misbah is the most successful test captain of Pakistan . Misbah has led Pakistan in 56 test matches , winning 26 , losing 19 with 11 draws . Misbah was named test captain after spot-fixing scandal during England tour of 2010 . In subsequent series against South Africa in the UAE he led Pakistan in tests . After resignation of Shahid Afridi as test captain and suspension of Salman Butt due to spot-fixing scandal , Misbah was preferred over Younus Khan , Mohammad Yousuf and Kamran Akmal as captain . Wasim Akram stated that although the decision was surprising if Misbah bats and fields well everything else will go according to plan . Former Pakistan coach Geoff Lawson stated that he believed Misbah has the best cricketing brain within Pakistan and he will do incredibly well in the plans for the captaincy Misbah hit back at those who criticised the decision to appoint him captain and stated that he should be given a chance to prove himself Misbah was the ODI captain from 2008β2015 and had the 10th highest success rate . He left in 2015 as captain from criticism due to his slow yet successful approach . However , after continuous international losses , notably Pakistans exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 , PCB officials seriously considered asking him to return as ODI captain . Retirement . In January 2015 , Misbah announced that he would retire from ODIs and T20Is after the 2015 World Cup . Misbah captained Pakistan in 2015 Cricket World Cup at Australia . He was the leading run scorer in tournament from Pakistan . Pakistan could only make it to Quarter-Finals . They were defeated by Australia in Quarter-Final , which was the last ODI match for Misbah . In April 2016 , Misbah decided to postpone his Test retirement until Australia tour in 2016/17 . On 31 October Misbah ul-Haq ended his PSL career but soon took back his PSL retirement . In November 2016 , against New Zealand at Christchurch , Misbah-ul-Haq was handed over a one-match suspension by the ICC for his sides slow over rate , meaning he had to miss the second Test in Hamilton . On 30 December 2016 , Cricinfo published an article which indicated that Misbah might retire . However , he continued to play in longer format for rest of the series with success , where Pakistan beat England to become No . 1 Test team in the world as well . On 6 April 2017 , Misbah finally announced his intentions to retire from all international cricket after the conclusion of West Indies tour . He played his last international match on May 10 , 2017 against West Indies in Roseau . He scored his 39th Test fifty in the first innings , but dismissed for just 2 runs in the second innings . However , in his last match as captain , Pakistan won the match by 101 runs and sealed the series 2β1 . The win highlighted as the first ever series win against West Indies in the West Indies as well . Coaching career . On 4 September 2019 , Misbah was appointed as the head coach for Pakistan cricket team as well as chief selector on a 3-year contract . This is the first time someone had simultaneously held both positions in Pakistan cricket . This started well for Misbah who won the One day international series 2β0 . But then in the T20 series Sri Lanka pulled off a shock result and whitewashed Pakistan . Afterwards he led the team in Australia where they lost the test series 2-0 . In October 2020 , he resigned as chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team . His first tour as just the Head Coach came against New Zealand where Pakistan were beaten 2-0 . After this he lead Pakistan to their first Test series win against South Africa since 2003 . Records and Achievements . - Holds the record for scoring the most runs in ODI cricket without a career hundred ( 5,122 ) . - Leading run scorer in ODIs during 2013 . - Pakistans most successful Test captain with 26 wins . - The first batsman to make a Test hundred after the age of 41 since Geoffrey Boycott in 1981 . - One of 2017 Wisden Cricketers of the Year . Recognition . - Pride of Performance β President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Pride of Performance to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2014 . - ICC Spirit of Cricket β 2016 - PCBs Imtiaz Ahmed Spirit of Cricket Award and Lifetime Achievement Award β 2017 . - Sitara-i-Imtiaz - President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2018 . External links . - Misbah-ul-Haqs profile page on Wisden
|
[
"Pakistani"
] |
[
{
"text": " Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi ( ) ( born 28 May 1974 ) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer . Ul-haq captained Pakistan in Test cricket and One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Ul-haq is the current head coach and former chief selector of the Pakistan national team .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": "A late bloomer , ul-haq was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required . Ul-haq scored the fastest fifty in Test cricket and set a new record for the fastest Test hundred and holds the record for most career ODI runs without a century .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": " Ul-haq has an MBA degree in Human Resource Management from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore , Punjab . After announcing retirement from limited overs cricket in 2015 , Ul-haq continued to play Test cricket for a few years . On 4 April 2017 , Ul-haq announced his retirement from all international cricket as well after the conclusion of West Indies tour . Ul-haq retired from all formats of international cricket on 14 May 2017 .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": "Misbah grew up in Mianwali in Pakistani Punjab . His father , Abdul Qudoos Niazi , was a school principal who died during Misbahs childhood . Misbah is part of a non-Pashto speaking Pashtun Niazi family ; the Pakistan cricketer and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is his distant cousin . During his early days , Misbah played tape ball cricket for his hometown , but his parents insisted on him securing a good education and he completed a BSc in Faisalabad . He then enrolled in the University of Management and Technology to pursue an MBA degree",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Misbah would eventually make his first-class debut in 1998 , aged 24 for Sargodha . Misbah went on to be selected for the Pakistani Test side in 2001 and the ODI cricket team in 2002 . Misbah married Uzma Khan in 2004 . The couple have two children .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Misbah had not only gained success at international level but also at domestic level . His 2012β13 domestic season was memorable . He captained Faisalabad Wolves in Twenty20 domestic tournament and SNGPL in First-class and List-A domestic tournament . First , he took SNGPL to victory in Presidents Trophy against Younus Khans HBL and then Faisalabad Wolves to victory in Faysal Bank Super 8 against Shoaib Maliks Sialkot Stallions in final surprisingly . Though Faisalabad Wolves lost final earlier in Faysal Bank T20 Cup against Mohammad Hafeezs Lahore Lions but they took their revenge in Super 8 tournament in semi-final",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "and eventually winning the tournament and more importantly qualifying for the Champions League T20 . And at last Misbah led SNGPL to another victory in domestic list-A tournament , Presidents Cup against Rana Naved-ul-Hasans WAPDA in final . Misbah won all domestic tournaments ( Twenty20 , first-class and list-A ) in domestic season 2012/13 .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": " Misbah played in 2008 Indian Premier League Season 1 for Royal Challengers Bangalore while he played in Sri Lanka Premier League for Kandurata Warriors in 2012 . And he also represented St Lucia Zouks in 2013 season in Caribbean Premier League . He also played for Abhani in Bangladesh . Misbah revealed that he had been offered a two-year contract by Worcestershire County Cricket Club to play in the English County Championship from 2013 onwards , but declined due to clashes with his international commitments .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Misbah signed by Rangpur Riders to play in the third edition of the Bangladesh Premier League . He made the decision to play in order to remain match fit for the upcoming Test Series with England in July 2016 . In only his first game for Rangpur Riders , Misbah scored 61 runs , smashing 4 sixes and winning his team the game by chasing a mammoth total of 187 . He was awarded the Man of the Match award for the performances .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": " Misbah signed by Islamabad United for a price of $140,000 to be played in February 2016 for Pakistan Super League . He is the 10th highest scorer in the league . He led Islamabad United to be the first champions of Pakistan Super League , and again was captain of the Islamabad United when the team won the third edition of PSL . Misbah also enjoys the highest success percentage as captain in Pakistan Super League matches up till now .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 against the Lahore Qalandars , he became the oldest player in all of t20 cricket to score a 50 .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "Although making his international debut back in 2001 , his breakthrough came when was selected for ICC World T20 . Misbah was influential in his prolific 2007 ICC World Twenty20 famously playing the Paddle Scoop in the Final against India in the final over as Pakistan lost by 5 runs . He was leading run scorer from Pakistan and third overall in the tournament . Also he was the first Pakistani player who reached No . 1 position in ICC T20I batsmen rankings . He was also the first Pakistani player to score a 50 in T20I . His knock",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": "of 66 against Australia was named as the fourth-best T20I batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . He was named in the Team of the Tournament by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": " His knock of 161* against India at Bengaluru was named as the third-best Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . For his performances in 2007 , he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": "Misbah was a member of the 2009 World T20 winning squad and was praised for his performance . Misbah played an influential role in getting Pakistan to the 2011 World Cup semifinals under Shahid Afridis captaincy . After the loss against India at Mohali , Misbah faced criticism from fans and experts for playing too many dot balls in crucial overs .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , Misbah was brilliant in terms of his batting . He moved to a career-best seventh place in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen . Misbah was the leading run scorer in ODI cricket with 1373 runs for year 2013 ahead of Mohammad Hafeez and Virat Kohli . He also had 15 ODI half centuries , which is a record for most ODI half centuries in a calendar year , as well as hitting 3rd most ODI sixes that year .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "Despite , Pakistan losing all 3 of their games , h was named as part of the Team of the Tournament in the 2013 Champions Trophy by the ICC . He was also named as captain of the Team by Cricinfo .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": " In the first test at Abu Dhabi against South Africa , Pakistan amassed 442 runs , where Misbah scored his fourth test century , which was the second in the innings after Khurram Manzoors 146 . In the second innings the Pakistani batting collapsed and were 7/3 with only needing a mere target of 40 . When the two seniors of the team ( Misbah and Younis Khan ) came in to bat , Misbah hit two sixes off the bowling of Robin Peterson and hit the winning runs with a straight six .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "In the second test at Dubai , Pakistan were all out for 99 in the first innings . After South Africa amassed a total of 517 with Graeme Smith hitting his 4th Test double and yet another century from the AB de Villiers , Pakistan were faltering for an embarrassing defeat . At 70/4 Misbah came in and blitzed the South African bowling attack with a 197 run stand with the Asad Shafiq repeating the same stand the two had in the first test , Misbah scored 88 before trying to obliterate the part-time spinner Dean Elgar over cow corner",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "but edged it straight to Jacques Kallis . South Africa invited Pakistan to play South Africa at home , in their third bilateral series of the year .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "The first ODI was hosted at Cape Town . South Africa were bundled out for 195 , losing by 23 runs , and Pakistan taking the lead , 1β0 . The 2nd ODI at Port Elizabeth was rain-affected , bringing it down to 45 overs per side . Pakistan won the game by 1 run , which also led them to a maiden series win against South Africa , that too at South Africas own home . Pakistan was also the first South Asian team to beat South Africa in a bilateral ODI series at home . In the third",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "ODI , Ahmad Shehzad , Mohammad Hafeez , Shahid Afridi and Junaid Khan were all rested . Batting first once again , Pakistan scraped together a total of 179 all out , with Misbah remaining unbeaten on 79 . Although the bowlers tried to keep Pakistan in the game , the target proved to be too low and South Africa won by 4 wickets . Pakistan took the series 2β1 . This away win over the Proteas after being humiliated in Pakistans adopted home , the UAE , brought things back to normal in Pakistan cricket , with Misbah receiving",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "praise from across the country .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "In 2014 , he made a test century off of 56 deliveries against Australia in Abu Dhabi , equaling the fastest one of that time by Viv Richards . In July 2016 , Misbah scored a century against England at Lords and became the oldest cricketer in 82 years to score a test century . At the age of 42 years and 2 months , Misbah also became the oldest captain ever to score a test century . Misbah celebrated the landmark by saluting his team members and doing ten push-ups . He later explained during an interview that the",
"title": "Breaking records"
},
{
"text": "celebration was meant as a tribute to the Military Boot Camp in Abbotabad where the team had attended an army style training session .",
"title": "Breaking records"
},
{
"text": " During Pakistans tour of India , Misbah scored two centuries and was named acting captain for an ODI due to Shoaib Maliks injury .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Earlier in 2010 , after the Australia tour , he was dropped from all formats of the game and later was considering retiring if the selectors continue to ignore him . He was not considered for England tour where the spot-fixing saga happened due to which Salman Butt was banned , creating a captaincy hole in the team . Then in October 2010 , surprisingly he was appointed the Pakistans Test captain for series against South Africa in UAE .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " During Pakistans tour of the West Indies , Misbah enjoyed success in the second test match at Warner Park as he went on to score his first test century in four years . After West Indies series , Misbah replaced Shahid Afridi as the limited-overs captain after PCB and coach Waqar Younis were unhappy with Afridis captaincy and awkward public statements .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah led the team in eight T20I matches . He won six and lost two . He played his last T20I match against England in 27 February 2012 . After the defeat in Twenty20 series against England in 2012 and criticism from former cricketers , Misbah stepped down as Pakistans Twenty20 captain and Mohammad Hafeez was named his successor to lead the team in Twenty20 .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "In 2013 , Pakistan played bilateral series against South Africa , India , West Indies , Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka and they also participated in Champions Trophy . Despite winning against India in India , away series lose against South Africa 3β2 , win-less streak in Champions Trophy and winning against minnow Zimbabwe 2β1 and then again defeat in home series against South Africa in UAE 4β1 put huge criticism on Misbahs captaincy and his approach to the game . Especially series defeat against South Africa 4β1 , brought Misbahs captaincy under severe scrutiny . Ex-Pakistani players were demanding a",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "total renovation of Pakistan cricket , and Misbah was being criticized for his captaincy , slow batting and the defeat . The PCB , however , announced that Misbah was to remain captain until the 2015 Cricket World Cup . Several TV shows and notable personalities opposed this decision and demanded that Misbah should be sacked .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " In August 2016 , under Misbahs captaincy , Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988 . Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw . PCB chairman Shahryar Khan and ex-Pakistan coach Waqar Younis said that all credit should be given to Misbah for his leadership over the last six years .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah is the most successful test captain of Pakistan . Misbah has led Pakistan in 56 test matches , winning 26 , losing 19 with 11 draws . Misbah was named test captain after spot-fixing scandal during England tour of 2010 . In subsequent series against South Africa in the UAE he led Pakistan in tests . After resignation of Shahid Afridi as test captain and suspension of Salman Butt due to spot-fixing scandal , Misbah was preferred over Younus Khan , Mohammad Yousuf and Kamran Akmal as captain . Wasim Akram stated that although the decision was surprising if",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah bats and fields well everything else will go according to plan . Former Pakistan coach Geoff Lawson stated that he believed Misbah has the best cricketing brain within Pakistan and he will do incredibly well in the plans for the captaincy Misbah hit back at those who criticised the decision to appoint him captain and stated that he should be given a chance to prove himself",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " Misbah was the ODI captain from 2008β2015 and had the 10th highest success rate . He left in 2015 as captain from criticism due to his slow yet successful approach . However , after continuous international losses , notably Pakistans exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 , PCB officials seriously considered asking him to return as ODI captain .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " In January 2015 , Misbah announced that he would retire from ODIs and T20Is after the 2015 World Cup . Misbah captained Pakistan in 2015 Cricket World Cup at Australia . He was the leading run scorer in tournament from Pakistan . Pakistan could only make it to Quarter-Finals . They were defeated by Australia in Quarter-Final , which was the last ODI match for Misbah .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "In April 2016 , Misbah decided to postpone his Test retirement until Australia tour in 2016/17 . On 31 October Misbah ul-Haq ended his PSL career but soon took back his PSL retirement .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " In November 2016 , against New Zealand at Christchurch , Misbah-ul-Haq was handed over a one-match suspension by the ICC for his sides slow over rate , meaning he had to miss the second Test in Hamilton . On 30 December 2016 , Cricinfo published an article which indicated that Misbah might retire .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "However , he continued to play in longer format for rest of the series with success , where Pakistan beat England to become No . 1 Test team in the world as well . On 6 April 2017 , Misbah finally announced his intentions to retire from all international cricket after the conclusion of West Indies tour .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " He played his last international match on May 10 , 2017 against West Indies in Roseau . He scored his 39th Test fifty in the first innings , but dismissed for just 2 runs in the second innings . However , in his last match as captain , Pakistan won the match by 101 runs and sealed the series 2β1 . The win highlighted as the first ever series win against West Indies in the West Indies as well .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " On 4 September 2019 , Misbah was appointed as the head coach for Pakistan cricket team as well as chief selector on a 3-year contract . This is the first time someone had simultaneously held both positions in Pakistan cricket . This started well for Misbah who won the One day international series 2β0 . But then in the T20 series Sri Lanka pulled off a shock result and whitewashed Pakistan . Afterwards he led the team in Australia where they lost the test series 2-0 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2020 , he resigned as chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team . His first tour as just the Head Coach came against New Zealand where Pakistan were beaten 2-0 . After this he lead Pakistan to their first Test series win against South Africa since 2003 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Holds the record for scoring the most runs in ODI cricket without a career hundred ( 5,122 ) . - Leading run scorer in ODIs during 2013 . - Pakistans most successful Test captain with 26 wins . - The first batsman to make a Test hundred after the age of 41 since Geoffrey Boycott in 1981 . - One of 2017 Wisden Cricketers of the Year .",
"title": "Records and Achievements"
},
{
"text": " - Pride of Performance β President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Pride of Performance to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2014 . - ICC Spirit of Cricket β 2016 - PCBs Imtiaz Ahmed Spirit of Cricket Award and Lifetime Achievement Award β 2017 . - Sitara-i-Imtiaz - President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2018 .",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Misbah-ul-Haqs profile page on Wisden",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Misbah-ul-Haq#P54#4
|
Which team did Misbah-ul-Haq play for in Aug 2003?
|
Misbah-ul-Haq Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi ( ) ( born 28 May 1974 ) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer . Ul-haq captained Pakistan in Test cricket and One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Ul-haq is the current head coach and former chief selector of the Pakistan national team . A late bloomer , ul-haq was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required . Ul-haq scored the fastest fifty in Test cricket and set a new record for the fastest Test hundred and holds the record for most career ODI runs without a century . Ul-haq has an MBA degree in Human Resource Management from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore , Punjab . After announcing retirement from limited overs cricket in 2015 , Ul-haq continued to play Test cricket for a few years . On 4 April 2017 , Ul-haq announced his retirement from all international cricket as well after the conclusion of West Indies tour . Ul-haq retired from all formats of international cricket on 14 May 2017 . Early life . Misbah grew up in Mianwali in Pakistani Punjab . His father , Abdul Qudoos Niazi , was a school principal who died during Misbahs childhood . Misbah is part of a non-Pashto speaking Pashtun Niazi family ; the Pakistan cricketer and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is his distant cousin . During his early days , Misbah played tape ball cricket for his hometown , but his parents insisted on him securing a good education and he completed a BSc in Faisalabad . He then enrolled in the University of Management and Technology to pursue an MBA degree . Misbah would eventually make his first-class debut in 1998 , aged 24 for Sargodha . Misbah went on to be selected for the Pakistani Test side in 2001 and the ODI cricket team in 2002 . Misbah married Uzma Khan in 2004 . The couple have two children . Domestic career . Misbah had not only gained success at international level but also at domestic level . His 2012β13 domestic season was memorable . He captained Faisalabad Wolves in Twenty20 domestic tournament and SNGPL in First-class and List-A domestic tournament . First , he took SNGPL to victory in Presidents Trophy against Younus Khans HBL and then Faisalabad Wolves to victory in Faysal Bank Super 8 against Shoaib Maliks Sialkot Stallions in final surprisingly . Though Faisalabad Wolves lost final earlier in Faysal Bank T20 Cup against Mohammad Hafeezs Lahore Lions but they took their revenge in Super 8 tournament in semi-final and eventually winning the tournament and more importantly qualifying for the Champions League T20 . And at last Misbah led SNGPL to another victory in domestic list-A tournament , Presidents Cup against Rana Naved-ul-Hasans WAPDA in final . Misbah won all domestic tournaments ( Twenty20 , first-class and list-A ) in domestic season 2012/13 . Misbah played in 2008 Indian Premier League Season 1 for Royal Challengers Bangalore while he played in Sri Lanka Premier League for Kandurata Warriors in 2012 . And he also represented St Lucia Zouks in 2013 season in Caribbean Premier League . He also played for Abhani in Bangladesh . Misbah revealed that he had been offered a two-year contract by Worcestershire County Cricket Club to play in the English County Championship from 2013 onwards , but declined due to clashes with his international commitments . In 2015 , Misbah signed by Rangpur Riders to play in the third edition of the Bangladesh Premier League . He made the decision to play in order to remain match fit for the upcoming Test Series with England in July 2016 . In only his first game for Rangpur Riders , Misbah scored 61 runs , smashing 4 sixes and winning his team the game by chasing a mammoth total of 187 . He was awarded the Man of the Match award for the performances . Misbah signed by Islamabad United for a price of $140,000 to be played in February 2016 for Pakistan Super League . He is the 10th highest scorer in the league . He led Islamabad United to be the first champions of Pakistan Super League , and again was captain of the Islamabad United when the team won the third edition of PSL . Misbah also enjoys the highest success percentage as captain in Pakistan Super League matches up till now . In 2019 against the Lahore Qalandars , he became the oldest player in all of t20 cricket to score a 50 . International career . Early days . Although making his international debut back in 2001 , his breakthrough came when was selected for ICC World T20 . Misbah was influential in his prolific 2007 ICC World Twenty20 famously playing the Paddle Scoop in the Final against India in the final over as Pakistan lost by 5 runs . He was leading run scorer from Pakistan and third overall in the tournament . Also he was the first Pakistani player who reached No . 1 position in ICC T20I batsmen rankings . He was also the first Pakistani player to score a 50 in T20I . His knock of 66 against Australia was named as the fourth-best T20I batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . He was named in the Team of the Tournament by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup . His knock of 161* against India at Bengaluru was named as the third-best Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . For his performances in 2007 , he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo . Misbah was a member of the 2009 World T20 winning squad and was praised for his performance . Misbah played an influential role in getting Pakistan to the 2011 World Cup semifinals under Shahid Afridis captaincy . After the loss against India at Mohali , Misbah faced criticism from fans and experts for playing too many dot balls in crucial overs . Success . In 2013 , Misbah was brilliant in terms of his batting . He moved to a career-best seventh place in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen . Misbah was the leading run scorer in ODI cricket with 1373 runs for year 2013 ahead of Mohammad Hafeez and Virat Kohli . He also had 15 ODI half centuries , which is a record for most ODI half centuries in a calendar year , as well as hitting 3rd most ODI sixes that year . Despite , Pakistan losing all 3 of their games , h was named as part of the Team of the Tournament in the 2013 Champions Trophy by the ICC . He was also named as captain of the Team by Cricinfo . In the first test at Abu Dhabi against South Africa , Pakistan amassed 442 runs , where Misbah scored his fourth test century , which was the second in the innings after Khurram Manzoors 146 . In the second innings the Pakistani batting collapsed and were 7/3 with only needing a mere target of 40 . When the two seniors of the team ( Misbah and Younis Khan ) came in to bat , Misbah hit two sixes off the bowling of Robin Peterson and hit the winning runs with a straight six . In the second test at Dubai , Pakistan were all out for 99 in the first innings . After South Africa amassed a total of 517 with Graeme Smith hitting his 4th Test double and yet another century from the AB de Villiers , Pakistan were faltering for an embarrassing defeat . At 70/4 Misbah came in and blitzed the South African bowling attack with a 197 run stand with the Asad Shafiq repeating the same stand the two had in the first test , Misbah scored 88 before trying to obliterate the part-time spinner Dean Elgar over cow corner but edged it straight to Jacques Kallis . South Africa invited Pakistan to play South Africa at home , in their third bilateral series of the year . The first ODI was hosted at Cape Town . South Africa were bundled out for 195 , losing by 23 runs , and Pakistan taking the lead , 1β0 . The 2nd ODI at Port Elizabeth was rain-affected , bringing it down to 45 overs per side . Pakistan won the game by 1 run , which also led them to a maiden series win against South Africa , that too at South Africas own home . Pakistan was also the first South Asian team to beat South Africa in a bilateral ODI series at home . In the third ODI , Ahmad Shehzad , Mohammad Hafeez , Shahid Afridi and Junaid Khan were all rested . Batting first once again , Pakistan scraped together a total of 179 all out , with Misbah remaining unbeaten on 79 . Although the bowlers tried to keep Pakistan in the game , the target proved to be too low and South Africa won by 4 wickets . Pakistan took the series 2β1 . This away win over the Proteas after being humiliated in Pakistans adopted home , the UAE , brought things back to normal in Pakistan cricket , with Misbah receiving praise from across the country . Breaking records . In 2014 , he made a test century off of 56 deliveries against Australia in Abu Dhabi , equaling the fastest one of that time by Viv Richards . In July 2016 , Misbah scored a century against England at Lords and became the oldest cricketer in 82 years to score a test century . At the age of 42 years and 2 months , Misbah also became the oldest captain ever to score a test century . Misbah celebrated the landmark by saluting his team members and doing ten push-ups . He later explained during an interview that the celebration was meant as a tribute to the Military Boot Camp in Abbotabad where the team had attended an army style training session . Captaincy . During Pakistans tour of India , Misbah scored two centuries and was named acting captain for an ODI due to Shoaib Maliks injury . Earlier in 2010 , after the Australia tour , he was dropped from all formats of the game and later was considering retiring if the selectors continue to ignore him . He was not considered for England tour where the spot-fixing saga happened due to which Salman Butt was banned , creating a captaincy hole in the team . Then in October 2010 , surprisingly he was appointed the Pakistans Test captain for series against South Africa in UAE . During Pakistans tour of the West Indies , Misbah enjoyed success in the second test match at Warner Park as he went on to score his first test century in four years . After West Indies series , Misbah replaced Shahid Afridi as the limited-overs captain after PCB and coach Waqar Younis were unhappy with Afridis captaincy and awkward public statements . Misbah led the team in eight T20I matches . He won six and lost two . He played his last T20I match against England in 27 February 2012 . After the defeat in Twenty20 series against England in 2012 and criticism from former cricketers , Misbah stepped down as Pakistans Twenty20 captain and Mohammad Hafeez was named his successor to lead the team in Twenty20 . In 2013 , Pakistan played bilateral series against South Africa , India , West Indies , Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka and they also participated in Champions Trophy . Despite winning against India in India , away series lose against South Africa 3β2 , win-less streak in Champions Trophy and winning against minnow Zimbabwe 2β1 and then again defeat in home series against South Africa in UAE 4β1 put huge criticism on Misbahs captaincy and his approach to the game . Especially series defeat against South Africa 4β1 , brought Misbahs captaincy under severe scrutiny . Ex-Pakistani players were demanding a total renovation of Pakistan cricket , and Misbah was being criticized for his captaincy , slow batting and the defeat . The PCB , however , announced that Misbah was to remain captain until the 2015 Cricket World Cup . Several TV shows and notable personalities opposed this decision and demanded that Misbah should be sacked . In August 2016 , under Misbahs captaincy , Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988 . Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw . PCB chairman Shahryar Khan and ex-Pakistan coach Waqar Younis said that all credit should be given to Misbah for his leadership over the last six years . Misbah is the most successful test captain of Pakistan . Misbah has led Pakistan in 56 test matches , winning 26 , losing 19 with 11 draws . Misbah was named test captain after spot-fixing scandal during England tour of 2010 . In subsequent series against South Africa in the UAE he led Pakistan in tests . After resignation of Shahid Afridi as test captain and suspension of Salman Butt due to spot-fixing scandal , Misbah was preferred over Younus Khan , Mohammad Yousuf and Kamran Akmal as captain . Wasim Akram stated that although the decision was surprising if Misbah bats and fields well everything else will go according to plan . Former Pakistan coach Geoff Lawson stated that he believed Misbah has the best cricketing brain within Pakistan and he will do incredibly well in the plans for the captaincy Misbah hit back at those who criticised the decision to appoint him captain and stated that he should be given a chance to prove himself Misbah was the ODI captain from 2008β2015 and had the 10th highest success rate . He left in 2015 as captain from criticism due to his slow yet successful approach . However , after continuous international losses , notably Pakistans exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 , PCB officials seriously considered asking him to return as ODI captain . Retirement . In January 2015 , Misbah announced that he would retire from ODIs and T20Is after the 2015 World Cup . Misbah captained Pakistan in 2015 Cricket World Cup at Australia . He was the leading run scorer in tournament from Pakistan . Pakistan could only make it to Quarter-Finals . They were defeated by Australia in Quarter-Final , which was the last ODI match for Misbah . In April 2016 , Misbah decided to postpone his Test retirement until Australia tour in 2016/17 . On 31 October Misbah ul-Haq ended his PSL career but soon took back his PSL retirement . In November 2016 , against New Zealand at Christchurch , Misbah-ul-Haq was handed over a one-match suspension by the ICC for his sides slow over rate , meaning he had to miss the second Test in Hamilton . On 30 December 2016 , Cricinfo published an article which indicated that Misbah might retire . However , he continued to play in longer format for rest of the series with success , where Pakistan beat England to become No . 1 Test team in the world as well . On 6 April 2017 , Misbah finally announced his intentions to retire from all international cricket after the conclusion of West Indies tour . He played his last international match on May 10 , 2017 against West Indies in Roseau . He scored his 39th Test fifty in the first innings , but dismissed for just 2 runs in the second innings . However , in his last match as captain , Pakistan won the match by 101 runs and sealed the series 2β1 . The win highlighted as the first ever series win against West Indies in the West Indies as well . Coaching career . On 4 September 2019 , Misbah was appointed as the head coach for Pakistan cricket team as well as chief selector on a 3-year contract . This is the first time someone had simultaneously held both positions in Pakistan cricket . This started well for Misbah who won the One day international series 2β0 . But then in the T20 series Sri Lanka pulled off a shock result and whitewashed Pakistan . Afterwards he led the team in Australia where they lost the test series 2-0 . In October 2020 , he resigned as chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team . His first tour as just the Head Coach came against New Zealand where Pakistan were beaten 2-0 . After this he lead Pakistan to their first Test series win against South Africa since 2003 . Records and Achievements . - Holds the record for scoring the most runs in ODI cricket without a career hundred ( 5,122 ) . - Leading run scorer in ODIs during 2013 . - Pakistans most successful Test captain with 26 wins . - The first batsman to make a Test hundred after the age of 41 since Geoffrey Boycott in 1981 . - One of 2017 Wisden Cricketers of the Year . Recognition . - Pride of Performance β President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Pride of Performance to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2014 . - ICC Spirit of Cricket β 2016 - PCBs Imtiaz Ahmed Spirit of Cricket Award and Lifetime Achievement Award β 2017 . - Sitara-i-Imtiaz - President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2018 . External links . - Misbah-ul-Haqs profile page on Wisden
|
[
"Pakistani"
] |
[
{
"text": " Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi ( ) ( born 28 May 1974 ) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer . Ul-haq captained Pakistan in Test cricket and One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Ul-haq is the current head coach and former chief selector of the Pakistan national team .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": "A late bloomer , ul-haq was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required . Ul-haq scored the fastest fifty in Test cricket and set a new record for the fastest Test hundred and holds the record for most career ODI runs without a century .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": " Ul-haq has an MBA degree in Human Resource Management from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore , Punjab . After announcing retirement from limited overs cricket in 2015 , Ul-haq continued to play Test cricket for a few years . On 4 April 2017 , Ul-haq announced his retirement from all international cricket as well after the conclusion of West Indies tour . Ul-haq retired from all formats of international cricket on 14 May 2017 .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": "Misbah grew up in Mianwali in Pakistani Punjab . His father , Abdul Qudoos Niazi , was a school principal who died during Misbahs childhood . Misbah is part of a non-Pashto speaking Pashtun Niazi family ; the Pakistan cricketer and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is his distant cousin . During his early days , Misbah played tape ball cricket for his hometown , but his parents insisted on him securing a good education and he completed a BSc in Faisalabad . He then enrolled in the University of Management and Technology to pursue an MBA degree",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Misbah would eventually make his first-class debut in 1998 , aged 24 for Sargodha . Misbah went on to be selected for the Pakistani Test side in 2001 and the ODI cricket team in 2002 . Misbah married Uzma Khan in 2004 . The couple have two children .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Misbah had not only gained success at international level but also at domestic level . His 2012β13 domestic season was memorable . He captained Faisalabad Wolves in Twenty20 domestic tournament and SNGPL in First-class and List-A domestic tournament . First , he took SNGPL to victory in Presidents Trophy against Younus Khans HBL and then Faisalabad Wolves to victory in Faysal Bank Super 8 against Shoaib Maliks Sialkot Stallions in final surprisingly . Though Faisalabad Wolves lost final earlier in Faysal Bank T20 Cup against Mohammad Hafeezs Lahore Lions but they took their revenge in Super 8 tournament in semi-final",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "and eventually winning the tournament and more importantly qualifying for the Champions League T20 . And at last Misbah led SNGPL to another victory in domestic list-A tournament , Presidents Cup against Rana Naved-ul-Hasans WAPDA in final . Misbah won all domestic tournaments ( Twenty20 , first-class and list-A ) in domestic season 2012/13 .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": " Misbah played in 2008 Indian Premier League Season 1 for Royal Challengers Bangalore while he played in Sri Lanka Premier League for Kandurata Warriors in 2012 . And he also represented St Lucia Zouks in 2013 season in Caribbean Premier League . He also played for Abhani in Bangladesh . Misbah revealed that he had been offered a two-year contract by Worcestershire County Cricket Club to play in the English County Championship from 2013 onwards , but declined due to clashes with his international commitments .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Misbah signed by Rangpur Riders to play in the third edition of the Bangladesh Premier League . He made the decision to play in order to remain match fit for the upcoming Test Series with England in July 2016 . In only his first game for Rangpur Riders , Misbah scored 61 runs , smashing 4 sixes and winning his team the game by chasing a mammoth total of 187 . He was awarded the Man of the Match award for the performances .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": " Misbah signed by Islamabad United for a price of $140,000 to be played in February 2016 for Pakistan Super League . He is the 10th highest scorer in the league . He led Islamabad United to be the first champions of Pakistan Super League , and again was captain of the Islamabad United when the team won the third edition of PSL . Misbah also enjoys the highest success percentage as captain in Pakistan Super League matches up till now .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 against the Lahore Qalandars , he became the oldest player in all of t20 cricket to score a 50 .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "Although making his international debut back in 2001 , his breakthrough came when was selected for ICC World T20 . Misbah was influential in his prolific 2007 ICC World Twenty20 famously playing the Paddle Scoop in the Final against India in the final over as Pakistan lost by 5 runs . He was leading run scorer from Pakistan and third overall in the tournament . Also he was the first Pakistani player who reached No . 1 position in ICC T20I batsmen rankings . He was also the first Pakistani player to score a 50 in T20I . His knock",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": "of 66 against Australia was named as the fourth-best T20I batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . He was named in the Team of the Tournament by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": " His knock of 161* against India at Bengaluru was named as the third-best Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . For his performances in 2007 , he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": "Misbah was a member of the 2009 World T20 winning squad and was praised for his performance . Misbah played an influential role in getting Pakistan to the 2011 World Cup semifinals under Shahid Afridis captaincy . After the loss against India at Mohali , Misbah faced criticism from fans and experts for playing too many dot balls in crucial overs .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , Misbah was brilliant in terms of his batting . He moved to a career-best seventh place in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen . Misbah was the leading run scorer in ODI cricket with 1373 runs for year 2013 ahead of Mohammad Hafeez and Virat Kohli . He also had 15 ODI half centuries , which is a record for most ODI half centuries in a calendar year , as well as hitting 3rd most ODI sixes that year .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "Despite , Pakistan losing all 3 of their games , h was named as part of the Team of the Tournament in the 2013 Champions Trophy by the ICC . He was also named as captain of the Team by Cricinfo .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": " In the first test at Abu Dhabi against South Africa , Pakistan amassed 442 runs , where Misbah scored his fourth test century , which was the second in the innings after Khurram Manzoors 146 . In the second innings the Pakistani batting collapsed and were 7/3 with only needing a mere target of 40 . When the two seniors of the team ( Misbah and Younis Khan ) came in to bat , Misbah hit two sixes off the bowling of Robin Peterson and hit the winning runs with a straight six .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "In the second test at Dubai , Pakistan were all out for 99 in the first innings . After South Africa amassed a total of 517 with Graeme Smith hitting his 4th Test double and yet another century from the AB de Villiers , Pakistan were faltering for an embarrassing defeat . At 70/4 Misbah came in and blitzed the South African bowling attack with a 197 run stand with the Asad Shafiq repeating the same stand the two had in the first test , Misbah scored 88 before trying to obliterate the part-time spinner Dean Elgar over cow corner",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "but edged it straight to Jacques Kallis . South Africa invited Pakistan to play South Africa at home , in their third bilateral series of the year .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "The first ODI was hosted at Cape Town . South Africa were bundled out for 195 , losing by 23 runs , and Pakistan taking the lead , 1β0 . The 2nd ODI at Port Elizabeth was rain-affected , bringing it down to 45 overs per side . Pakistan won the game by 1 run , which also led them to a maiden series win against South Africa , that too at South Africas own home . Pakistan was also the first South Asian team to beat South Africa in a bilateral ODI series at home . In the third",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "ODI , Ahmad Shehzad , Mohammad Hafeez , Shahid Afridi and Junaid Khan were all rested . Batting first once again , Pakistan scraped together a total of 179 all out , with Misbah remaining unbeaten on 79 . Although the bowlers tried to keep Pakistan in the game , the target proved to be too low and South Africa won by 4 wickets . Pakistan took the series 2β1 . This away win over the Proteas after being humiliated in Pakistans adopted home , the UAE , brought things back to normal in Pakistan cricket , with Misbah receiving",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "praise from across the country .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "In 2014 , he made a test century off of 56 deliveries against Australia in Abu Dhabi , equaling the fastest one of that time by Viv Richards . In July 2016 , Misbah scored a century against England at Lords and became the oldest cricketer in 82 years to score a test century . At the age of 42 years and 2 months , Misbah also became the oldest captain ever to score a test century . Misbah celebrated the landmark by saluting his team members and doing ten push-ups . He later explained during an interview that the",
"title": "Breaking records"
},
{
"text": "celebration was meant as a tribute to the Military Boot Camp in Abbotabad where the team had attended an army style training session .",
"title": "Breaking records"
},
{
"text": " During Pakistans tour of India , Misbah scored two centuries and was named acting captain for an ODI due to Shoaib Maliks injury .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Earlier in 2010 , after the Australia tour , he was dropped from all formats of the game and later was considering retiring if the selectors continue to ignore him . He was not considered for England tour where the spot-fixing saga happened due to which Salman Butt was banned , creating a captaincy hole in the team . Then in October 2010 , surprisingly he was appointed the Pakistans Test captain for series against South Africa in UAE .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " During Pakistans tour of the West Indies , Misbah enjoyed success in the second test match at Warner Park as he went on to score his first test century in four years . After West Indies series , Misbah replaced Shahid Afridi as the limited-overs captain after PCB and coach Waqar Younis were unhappy with Afridis captaincy and awkward public statements .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah led the team in eight T20I matches . He won six and lost two . He played his last T20I match against England in 27 February 2012 . After the defeat in Twenty20 series against England in 2012 and criticism from former cricketers , Misbah stepped down as Pakistans Twenty20 captain and Mohammad Hafeez was named his successor to lead the team in Twenty20 .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "In 2013 , Pakistan played bilateral series against South Africa , India , West Indies , Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka and they also participated in Champions Trophy . Despite winning against India in India , away series lose against South Africa 3β2 , win-less streak in Champions Trophy and winning against minnow Zimbabwe 2β1 and then again defeat in home series against South Africa in UAE 4β1 put huge criticism on Misbahs captaincy and his approach to the game . Especially series defeat against South Africa 4β1 , brought Misbahs captaincy under severe scrutiny . Ex-Pakistani players were demanding a",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "total renovation of Pakistan cricket , and Misbah was being criticized for his captaincy , slow batting and the defeat . The PCB , however , announced that Misbah was to remain captain until the 2015 Cricket World Cup . Several TV shows and notable personalities opposed this decision and demanded that Misbah should be sacked .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " In August 2016 , under Misbahs captaincy , Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988 . Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw . PCB chairman Shahryar Khan and ex-Pakistan coach Waqar Younis said that all credit should be given to Misbah for his leadership over the last six years .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah is the most successful test captain of Pakistan . Misbah has led Pakistan in 56 test matches , winning 26 , losing 19 with 11 draws . Misbah was named test captain after spot-fixing scandal during England tour of 2010 . In subsequent series against South Africa in the UAE he led Pakistan in tests . After resignation of Shahid Afridi as test captain and suspension of Salman Butt due to spot-fixing scandal , Misbah was preferred over Younus Khan , Mohammad Yousuf and Kamran Akmal as captain . Wasim Akram stated that although the decision was surprising if",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah bats and fields well everything else will go according to plan . Former Pakistan coach Geoff Lawson stated that he believed Misbah has the best cricketing brain within Pakistan and he will do incredibly well in the plans for the captaincy Misbah hit back at those who criticised the decision to appoint him captain and stated that he should be given a chance to prove himself",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " Misbah was the ODI captain from 2008β2015 and had the 10th highest success rate . He left in 2015 as captain from criticism due to his slow yet successful approach . However , after continuous international losses , notably Pakistans exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 , PCB officials seriously considered asking him to return as ODI captain .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " In January 2015 , Misbah announced that he would retire from ODIs and T20Is after the 2015 World Cup . Misbah captained Pakistan in 2015 Cricket World Cup at Australia . He was the leading run scorer in tournament from Pakistan . Pakistan could only make it to Quarter-Finals . They were defeated by Australia in Quarter-Final , which was the last ODI match for Misbah .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "In April 2016 , Misbah decided to postpone his Test retirement until Australia tour in 2016/17 . On 31 October Misbah ul-Haq ended his PSL career but soon took back his PSL retirement .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " In November 2016 , against New Zealand at Christchurch , Misbah-ul-Haq was handed over a one-match suspension by the ICC for his sides slow over rate , meaning he had to miss the second Test in Hamilton . On 30 December 2016 , Cricinfo published an article which indicated that Misbah might retire .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "However , he continued to play in longer format for rest of the series with success , where Pakistan beat England to become No . 1 Test team in the world as well . On 6 April 2017 , Misbah finally announced his intentions to retire from all international cricket after the conclusion of West Indies tour .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " He played his last international match on May 10 , 2017 against West Indies in Roseau . He scored his 39th Test fifty in the first innings , but dismissed for just 2 runs in the second innings . However , in his last match as captain , Pakistan won the match by 101 runs and sealed the series 2β1 . The win highlighted as the first ever series win against West Indies in the West Indies as well .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " On 4 September 2019 , Misbah was appointed as the head coach for Pakistan cricket team as well as chief selector on a 3-year contract . This is the first time someone had simultaneously held both positions in Pakistan cricket . This started well for Misbah who won the One day international series 2β0 . But then in the T20 series Sri Lanka pulled off a shock result and whitewashed Pakistan . Afterwards he led the team in Australia where they lost the test series 2-0 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2020 , he resigned as chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team . His first tour as just the Head Coach came against New Zealand where Pakistan were beaten 2-0 . After this he lead Pakistan to their first Test series win against South Africa since 2003 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Holds the record for scoring the most runs in ODI cricket without a career hundred ( 5,122 ) . - Leading run scorer in ODIs during 2013 . - Pakistans most successful Test captain with 26 wins . - The first batsman to make a Test hundred after the age of 41 since Geoffrey Boycott in 1981 . - One of 2017 Wisden Cricketers of the Year .",
"title": "Records and Achievements"
},
{
"text": " - Pride of Performance β President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Pride of Performance to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2014 . - ICC Spirit of Cricket β 2016 - PCBs Imtiaz Ahmed Spirit of Cricket Award and Lifetime Achievement Award β 2017 . - Sitara-i-Imtiaz - President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2018 .",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Misbah-ul-Haqs profile page on Wisden",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Misbah-ul-Haq#P54#5
|
Which team did Misbah-ul-Haq play for between Jan 2006 and May 2006?
|
Misbah-ul-Haq Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi ( ) ( born 28 May 1974 ) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer . Ul-haq captained Pakistan in Test cricket and One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Ul-haq is the current head coach and former chief selector of the Pakistan national team . A late bloomer , ul-haq was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required . Ul-haq scored the fastest fifty in Test cricket and set a new record for the fastest Test hundred and holds the record for most career ODI runs without a century . Ul-haq has an MBA degree in Human Resource Management from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore , Punjab . After announcing retirement from limited overs cricket in 2015 , Ul-haq continued to play Test cricket for a few years . On 4 April 2017 , Ul-haq announced his retirement from all international cricket as well after the conclusion of West Indies tour . Ul-haq retired from all formats of international cricket on 14 May 2017 . Early life . Misbah grew up in Mianwali in Pakistani Punjab . His father , Abdul Qudoos Niazi , was a school principal who died during Misbahs childhood . Misbah is part of a non-Pashto speaking Pashtun Niazi family ; the Pakistan cricketer and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is his distant cousin . During his early days , Misbah played tape ball cricket for his hometown , but his parents insisted on him securing a good education and he completed a BSc in Faisalabad . He then enrolled in the University of Management and Technology to pursue an MBA degree . Misbah would eventually make his first-class debut in 1998 , aged 24 for Sargodha . Misbah went on to be selected for the Pakistani Test side in 2001 and the ODI cricket team in 2002 . Misbah married Uzma Khan in 2004 . The couple have two children . Domestic career . Misbah had not only gained success at international level but also at domestic level . His 2012β13 domestic season was memorable . He captained Faisalabad Wolves in Twenty20 domestic tournament and SNGPL in First-class and List-A domestic tournament . First , he took SNGPL to victory in Presidents Trophy against Younus Khans HBL and then Faisalabad Wolves to victory in Faysal Bank Super 8 against Shoaib Maliks Sialkot Stallions in final surprisingly . Though Faisalabad Wolves lost final earlier in Faysal Bank T20 Cup against Mohammad Hafeezs Lahore Lions but they took their revenge in Super 8 tournament in semi-final and eventually winning the tournament and more importantly qualifying for the Champions League T20 . And at last Misbah led SNGPL to another victory in domestic list-A tournament , Presidents Cup against Rana Naved-ul-Hasans WAPDA in final . Misbah won all domestic tournaments ( Twenty20 , first-class and list-A ) in domestic season 2012/13 . Misbah played in 2008 Indian Premier League Season 1 for Royal Challengers Bangalore while he played in Sri Lanka Premier League for Kandurata Warriors in 2012 . And he also represented St Lucia Zouks in 2013 season in Caribbean Premier League . He also played for Abhani in Bangladesh . Misbah revealed that he had been offered a two-year contract by Worcestershire County Cricket Club to play in the English County Championship from 2013 onwards , but declined due to clashes with his international commitments . In 2015 , Misbah signed by Rangpur Riders to play in the third edition of the Bangladesh Premier League . He made the decision to play in order to remain match fit for the upcoming Test Series with England in July 2016 . In only his first game for Rangpur Riders , Misbah scored 61 runs , smashing 4 sixes and winning his team the game by chasing a mammoth total of 187 . He was awarded the Man of the Match award for the performances . Misbah signed by Islamabad United for a price of $140,000 to be played in February 2016 for Pakistan Super League . He is the 10th highest scorer in the league . He led Islamabad United to be the first champions of Pakistan Super League , and again was captain of the Islamabad United when the team won the third edition of PSL . Misbah also enjoys the highest success percentage as captain in Pakistan Super League matches up till now . In 2019 against the Lahore Qalandars , he became the oldest player in all of t20 cricket to score a 50 . International career . Early days . Although making his international debut back in 2001 , his breakthrough came when was selected for ICC World T20 . Misbah was influential in his prolific 2007 ICC World Twenty20 famously playing the Paddle Scoop in the Final against India in the final over as Pakistan lost by 5 runs . He was leading run scorer from Pakistan and third overall in the tournament . Also he was the first Pakistani player who reached No . 1 position in ICC T20I batsmen rankings . He was also the first Pakistani player to score a 50 in T20I . His knock of 66 against Australia was named as the fourth-best T20I batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . He was named in the Team of the Tournament by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup . His knock of 161* against India at Bengaluru was named as the third-best Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . For his performances in 2007 , he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo . Misbah was a member of the 2009 World T20 winning squad and was praised for his performance . Misbah played an influential role in getting Pakistan to the 2011 World Cup semifinals under Shahid Afridis captaincy . After the loss against India at Mohali , Misbah faced criticism from fans and experts for playing too many dot balls in crucial overs . Success . In 2013 , Misbah was brilliant in terms of his batting . He moved to a career-best seventh place in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen . Misbah was the leading run scorer in ODI cricket with 1373 runs for year 2013 ahead of Mohammad Hafeez and Virat Kohli . He also had 15 ODI half centuries , which is a record for most ODI half centuries in a calendar year , as well as hitting 3rd most ODI sixes that year . Despite , Pakistan losing all 3 of their games , h was named as part of the Team of the Tournament in the 2013 Champions Trophy by the ICC . He was also named as captain of the Team by Cricinfo . In the first test at Abu Dhabi against South Africa , Pakistan amassed 442 runs , where Misbah scored his fourth test century , which was the second in the innings after Khurram Manzoors 146 . In the second innings the Pakistani batting collapsed and were 7/3 with only needing a mere target of 40 . When the two seniors of the team ( Misbah and Younis Khan ) came in to bat , Misbah hit two sixes off the bowling of Robin Peterson and hit the winning runs with a straight six . In the second test at Dubai , Pakistan were all out for 99 in the first innings . After South Africa amassed a total of 517 with Graeme Smith hitting his 4th Test double and yet another century from the AB de Villiers , Pakistan were faltering for an embarrassing defeat . At 70/4 Misbah came in and blitzed the South African bowling attack with a 197 run stand with the Asad Shafiq repeating the same stand the two had in the first test , Misbah scored 88 before trying to obliterate the part-time spinner Dean Elgar over cow corner but edged it straight to Jacques Kallis . South Africa invited Pakistan to play South Africa at home , in their third bilateral series of the year . The first ODI was hosted at Cape Town . South Africa were bundled out for 195 , losing by 23 runs , and Pakistan taking the lead , 1β0 . The 2nd ODI at Port Elizabeth was rain-affected , bringing it down to 45 overs per side . Pakistan won the game by 1 run , which also led them to a maiden series win against South Africa , that too at South Africas own home . Pakistan was also the first South Asian team to beat South Africa in a bilateral ODI series at home . In the third ODI , Ahmad Shehzad , Mohammad Hafeez , Shahid Afridi and Junaid Khan were all rested . Batting first once again , Pakistan scraped together a total of 179 all out , with Misbah remaining unbeaten on 79 . Although the bowlers tried to keep Pakistan in the game , the target proved to be too low and South Africa won by 4 wickets . Pakistan took the series 2β1 . This away win over the Proteas after being humiliated in Pakistans adopted home , the UAE , brought things back to normal in Pakistan cricket , with Misbah receiving praise from across the country . Breaking records . In 2014 , he made a test century off of 56 deliveries against Australia in Abu Dhabi , equaling the fastest one of that time by Viv Richards . In July 2016 , Misbah scored a century against England at Lords and became the oldest cricketer in 82 years to score a test century . At the age of 42 years and 2 months , Misbah also became the oldest captain ever to score a test century . Misbah celebrated the landmark by saluting his team members and doing ten push-ups . He later explained during an interview that the celebration was meant as a tribute to the Military Boot Camp in Abbotabad where the team had attended an army style training session . Captaincy . During Pakistans tour of India , Misbah scored two centuries and was named acting captain for an ODI due to Shoaib Maliks injury . Earlier in 2010 , after the Australia tour , he was dropped from all formats of the game and later was considering retiring if the selectors continue to ignore him . He was not considered for England tour where the spot-fixing saga happened due to which Salman Butt was banned , creating a captaincy hole in the team . Then in October 2010 , surprisingly he was appointed the Pakistans Test captain for series against South Africa in UAE . During Pakistans tour of the West Indies , Misbah enjoyed success in the second test match at Warner Park as he went on to score his first test century in four years . After West Indies series , Misbah replaced Shahid Afridi as the limited-overs captain after PCB and coach Waqar Younis were unhappy with Afridis captaincy and awkward public statements . Misbah led the team in eight T20I matches . He won six and lost two . He played his last T20I match against England in 27 February 2012 . After the defeat in Twenty20 series against England in 2012 and criticism from former cricketers , Misbah stepped down as Pakistans Twenty20 captain and Mohammad Hafeez was named his successor to lead the team in Twenty20 . In 2013 , Pakistan played bilateral series against South Africa , India , West Indies , Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka and they also participated in Champions Trophy . Despite winning against India in India , away series lose against South Africa 3β2 , win-less streak in Champions Trophy and winning against minnow Zimbabwe 2β1 and then again defeat in home series against South Africa in UAE 4β1 put huge criticism on Misbahs captaincy and his approach to the game . Especially series defeat against South Africa 4β1 , brought Misbahs captaincy under severe scrutiny . Ex-Pakistani players were demanding a total renovation of Pakistan cricket , and Misbah was being criticized for his captaincy , slow batting and the defeat . The PCB , however , announced that Misbah was to remain captain until the 2015 Cricket World Cup . Several TV shows and notable personalities opposed this decision and demanded that Misbah should be sacked . In August 2016 , under Misbahs captaincy , Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988 . Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw . PCB chairman Shahryar Khan and ex-Pakistan coach Waqar Younis said that all credit should be given to Misbah for his leadership over the last six years . Misbah is the most successful test captain of Pakistan . Misbah has led Pakistan in 56 test matches , winning 26 , losing 19 with 11 draws . Misbah was named test captain after spot-fixing scandal during England tour of 2010 . In subsequent series against South Africa in the UAE he led Pakistan in tests . After resignation of Shahid Afridi as test captain and suspension of Salman Butt due to spot-fixing scandal , Misbah was preferred over Younus Khan , Mohammad Yousuf and Kamran Akmal as captain . Wasim Akram stated that although the decision was surprising if Misbah bats and fields well everything else will go according to plan . Former Pakistan coach Geoff Lawson stated that he believed Misbah has the best cricketing brain within Pakistan and he will do incredibly well in the plans for the captaincy Misbah hit back at those who criticised the decision to appoint him captain and stated that he should be given a chance to prove himself Misbah was the ODI captain from 2008β2015 and had the 10th highest success rate . He left in 2015 as captain from criticism due to his slow yet successful approach . However , after continuous international losses , notably Pakistans exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 , PCB officials seriously considered asking him to return as ODI captain . Retirement . In January 2015 , Misbah announced that he would retire from ODIs and T20Is after the 2015 World Cup . Misbah captained Pakistan in 2015 Cricket World Cup at Australia . He was the leading run scorer in tournament from Pakistan . Pakistan could only make it to Quarter-Finals . They were defeated by Australia in Quarter-Final , which was the last ODI match for Misbah . In April 2016 , Misbah decided to postpone his Test retirement until Australia tour in 2016/17 . On 31 October Misbah ul-Haq ended his PSL career but soon took back his PSL retirement . In November 2016 , against New Zealand at Christchurch , Misbah-ul-Haq was handed over a one-match suspension by the ICC for his sides slow over rate , meaning he had to miss the second Test in Hamilton . On 30 December 2016 , Cricinfo published an article which indicated that Misbah might retire . However , he continued to play in longer format for rest of the series with success , where Pakistan beat England to become No . 1 Test team in the world as well . On 6 April 2017 , Misbah finally announced his intentions to retire from all international cricket after the conclusion of West Indies tour . He played his last international match on May 10 , 2017 against West Indies in Roseau . He scored his 39th Test fifty in the first innings , but dismissed for just 2 runs in the second innings . However , in his last match as captain , Pakistan won the match by 101 runs and sealed the series 2β1 . The win highlighted as the first ever series win against West Indies in the West Indies as well . Coaching career . On 4 September 2019 , Misbah was appointed as the head coach for Pakistan cricket team as well as chief selector on a 3-year contract . This is the first time someone had simultaneously held both positions in Pakistan cricket . This started well for Misbah who won the One day international series 2β0 . But then in the T20 series Sri Lanka pulled off a shock result and whitewashed Pakistan . Afterwards he led the team in Australia where they lost the test series 2-0 . In October 2020 , he resigned as chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team . His first tour as just the Head Coach came against New Zealand where Pakistan were beaten 2-0 . After this he lead Pakistan to their first Test series win against South Africa since 2003 . Records and Achievements . - Holds the record for scoring the most runs in ODI cricket without a career hundred ( 5,122 ) . - Leading run scorer in ODIs during 2013 . - Pakistans most successful Test captain with 26 wins . - The first batsman to make a Test hundred after the age of 41 since Geoffrey Boycott in 1981 . - One of 2017 Wisden Cricketers of the Year . Recognition . - Pride of Performance β President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Pride of Performance to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2014 . - ICC Spirit of Cricket β 2016 - PCBs Imtiaz Ahmed Spirit of Cricket Award and Lifetime Achievement Award β 2017 . - Sitara-i-Imtiaz - President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2018 . External links . - Misbah-ul-Haqs profile page on Wisden
|
[
"Royal Challengers Bangalore"
] |
[
{
"text": " Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi ( ) ( born 28 May 1974 ) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former international cricketer . Ul-haq captained Pakistan in Test cricket and One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Ul-haq is the current head coach and former chief selector of the Pakistan national team .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": "A late bloomer , ul-haq was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required . Ul-haq scored the fastest fifty in Test cricket and set a new record for the fastest Test hundred and holds the record for most career ODI runs without a century .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": " Ul-haq has an MBA degree in Human Resource Management from the University of Management and Technology in Lahore , Punjab . After announcing retirement from limited overs cricket in 2015 , Ul-haq continued to play Test cricket for a few years . On 4 April 2017 , Ul-haq announced his retirement from all international cricket as well after the conclusion of West Indies tour . Ul-haq retired from all formats of international cricket on 14 May 2017 .",
"title": "Misbah-ul-Haq"
},
{
"text": "Misbah grew up in Mianwali in Pakistani Punjab . His father , Abdul Qudoos Niazi , was a school principal who died during Misbahs childhood . Misbah is part of a non-Pashto speaking Pashtun Niazi family ; the Pakistan cricketer and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is his distant cousin . During his early days , Misbah played tape ball cricket for his hometown , but his parents insisted on him securing a good education and he completed a BSc in Faisalabad . He then enrolled in the University of Management and Technology to pursue an MBA degree",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Misbah would eventually make his first-class debut in 1998 , aged 24 for Sargodha . Misbah went on to be selected for the Pakistani Test side in 2001 and the ODI cricket team in 2002 . Misbah married Uzma Khan in 2004 . The couple have two children .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Misbah had not only gained success at international level but also at domestic level . His 2012β13 domestic season was memorable . He captained Faisalabad Wolves in Twenty20 domestic tournament and SNGPL in First-class and List-A domestic tournament . First , he took SNGPL to victory in Presidents Trophy against Younus Khans HBL and then Faisalabad Wolves to victory in Faysal Bank Super 8 against Shoaib Maliks Sialkot Stallions in final surprisingly . Though Faisalabad Wolves lost final earlier in Faysal Bank T20 Cup against Mohammad Hafeezs Lahore Lions but they took their revenge in Super 8 tournament in semi-final",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "and eventually winning the tournament and more importantly qualifying for the Champions League T20 . And at last Misbah led SNGPL to another victory in domestic list-A tournament , Presidents Cup against Rana Naved-ul-Hasans WAPDA in final . Misbah won all domestic tournaments ( Twenty20 , first-class and list-A ) in domestic season 2012/13 .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": " Misbah played in 2008 Indian Premier League Season 1 for Royal Challengers Bangalore while he played in Sri Lanka Premier League for Kandurata Warriors in 2012 . And he also represented St Lucia Zouks in 2013 season in Caribbean Premier League . He also played for Abhani in Bangladesh . Misbah revealed that he had been offered a two-year contract by Worcestershire County Cricket Club to play in the English County Championship from 2013 onwards , but declined due to clashes with his international commitments .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Misbah signed by Rangpur Riders to play in the third edition of the Bangladesh Premier League . He made the decision to play in order to remain match fit for the upcoming Test Series with England in July 2016 . In only his first game for Rangpur Riders , Misbah scored 61 runs , smashing 4 sixes and winning his team the game by chasing a mammoth total of 187 . He was awarded the Man of the Match award for the performances .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": " Misbah signed by Islamabad United for a price of $140,000 to be played in February 2016 for Pakistan Super League . He is the 10th highest scorer in the league . He led Islamabad United to be the first champions of Pakistan Super League , and again was captain of the Islamabad United when the team won the third edition of PSL . Misbah also enjoys the highest success percentage as captain in Pakistan Super League matches up till now .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 against the Lahore Qalandars , he became the oldest player in all of t20 cricket to score a 50 .",
"title": "Domestic career"
},
{
"text": "Although making his international debut back in 2001 , his breakthrough came when was selected for ICC World T20 . Misbah was influential in his prolific 2007 ICC World Twenty20 famously playing the Paddle Scoop in the Final against India in the final over as Pakistan lost by 5 runs . He was leading run scorer from Pakistan and third overall in the tournament . Also he was the first Pakistani player who reached No . 1 position in ICC T20I batsmen rankings . He was also the first Pakistani player to score a 50 in T20I . His knock",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": "of 66 against Australia was named as the fourth-best T20I batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . He was named in the Team of the Tournament by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": " His knock of 161* against India at Bengaluru was named as the third-best Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters . For his performances in 2007 , he was named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": "Misbah was a member of the 2009 World T20 winning squad and was praised for his performance . Misbah played an influential role in getting Pakistan to the 2011 World Cup semifinals under Shahid Afridis captaincy . After the loss against India at Mohali , Misbah faced criticism from fans and experts for playing too many dot balls in crucial overs .",
"title": "Early days"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , Misbah was brilliant in terms of his batting . He moved to a career-best seventh place in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen . Misbah was the leading run scorer in ODI cricket with 1373 runs for year 2013 ahead of Mohammad Hafeez and Virat Kohli . He also had 15 ODI half centuries , which is a record for most ODI half centuries in a calendar year , as well as hitting 3rd most ODI sixes that year .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "Despite , Pakistan losing all 3 of their games , h was named as part of the Team of the Tournament in the 2013 Champions Trophy by the ICC . He was also named as captain of the Team by Cricinfo .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": " In the first test at Abu Dhabi against South Africa , Pakistan amassed 442 runs , where Misbah scored his fourth test century , which was the second in the innings after Khurram Manzoors 146 . In the second innings the Pakistani batting collapsed and were 7/3 with only needing a mere target of 40 . When the two seniors of the team ( Misbah and Younis Khan ) came in to bat , Misbah hit two sixes off the bowling of Robin Peterson and hit the winning runs with a straight six .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "In the second test at Dubai , Pakistan were all out for 99 in the first innings . After South Africa amassed a total of 517 with Graeme Smith hitting his 4th Test double and yet another century from the AB de Villiers , Pakistan were faltering for an embarrassing defeat . At 70/4 Misbah came in and blitzed the South African bowling attack with a 197 run stand with the Asad Shafiq repeating the same stand the two had in the first test , Misbah scored 88 before trying to obliterate the part-time spinner Dean Elgar over cow corner",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "but edged it straight to Jacques Kallis . South Africa invited Pakistan to play South Africa at home , in their third bilateral series of the year .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "The first ODI was hosted at Cape Town . South Africa were bundled out for 195 , losing by 23 runs , and Pakistan taking the lead , 1β0 . The 2nd ODI at Port Elizabeth was rain-affected , bringing it down to 45 overs per side . Pakistan won the game by 1 run , which also led them to a maiden series win against South Africa , that too at South Africas own home . Pakistan was also the first South Asian team to beat South Africa in a bilateral ODI series at home . In the third",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "ODI , Ahmad Shehzad , Mohammad Hafeez , Shahid Afridi and Junaid Khan were all rested . Batting first once again , Pakistan scraped together a total of 179 all out , with Misbah remaining unbeaten on 79 . Although the bowlers tried to keep Pakistan in the game , the target proved to be too low and South Africa won by 4 wickets . Pakistan took the series 2β1 . This away win over the Proteas after being humiliated in Pakistans adopted home , the UAE , brought things back to normal in Pakistan cricket , with Misbah receiving",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "praise from across the country .",
"title": "Success"
},
{
"text": "In 2014 , he made a test century off of 56 deliveries against Australia in Abu Dhabi , equaling the fastest one of that time by Viv Richards . In July 2016 , Misbah scored a century against England at Lords and became the oldest cricketer in 82 years to score a test century . At the age of 42 years and 2 months , Misbah also became the oldest captain ever to score a test century . Misbah celebrated the landmark by saluting his team members and doing ten push-ups . He later explained during an interview that the",
"title": "Breaking records"
},
{
"text": "celebration was meant as a tribute to the Military Boot Camp in Abbotabad where the team had attended an army style training session .",
"title": "Breaking records"
},
{
"text": " During Pakistans tour of India , Misbah scored two centuries and was named acting captain for an ODI due to Shoaib Maliks injury .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Earlier in 2010 , after the Australia tour , he was dropped from all formats of the game and later was considering retiring if the selectors continue to ignore him . He was not considered for England tour where the spot-fixing saga happened due to which Salman Butt was banned , creating a captaincy hole in the team . Then in October 2010 , surprisingly he was appointed the Pakistans Test captain for series against South Africa in UAE .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " During Pakistans tour of the West Indies , Misbah enjoyed success in the second test match at Warner Park as he went on to score his first test century in four years . After West Indies series , Misbah replaced Shahid Afridi as the limited-overs captain after PCB and coach Waqar Younis were unhappy with Afridis captaincy and awkward public statements .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah led the team in eight T20I matches . He won six and lost two . He played his last T20I match against England in 27 February 2012 . After the defeat in Twenty20 series against England in 2012 and criticism from former cricketers , Misbah stepped down as Pakistans Twenty20 captain and Mohammad Hafeez was named his successor to lead the team in Twenty20 .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "In 2013 , Pakistan played bilateral series against South Africa , India , West Indies , Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka and they also participated in Champions Trophy . Despite winning against India in India , away series lose against South Africa 3β2 , win-less streak in Champions Trophy and winning against minnow Zimbabwe 2β1 and then again defeat in home series against South Africa in UAE 4β1 put huge criticism on Misbahs captaincy and his approach to the game . Especially series defeat against South Africa 4β1 , brought Misbahs captaincy under severe scrutiny . Ex-Pakistani players were demanding a",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "total renovation of Pakistan cricket , and Misbah was being criticized for his captaincy , slow batting and the defeat . The PCB , however , announced that Misbah was to remain captain until the 2015 Cricket World Cup . Several TV shows and notable personalities opposed this decision and demanded that Misbah should be sacked .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " In August 2016 , under Misbahs captaincy , Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988 . Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw . PCB chairman Shahryar Khan and ex-Pakistan coach Waqar Younis said that all credit should be given to Misbah for his leadership over the last six years .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah is the most successful test captain of Pakistan . Misbah has led Pakistan in 56 test matches , winning 26 , losing 19 with 11 draws . Misbah was named test captain after spot-fixing scandal during England tour of 2010 . In subsequent series against South Africa in the UAE he led Pakistan in tests . After resignation of Shahid Afridi as test captain and suspension of Salman Butt due to spot-fixing scandal , Misbah was preferred over Younus Khan , Mohammad Yousuf and Kamran Akmal as captain . Wasim Akram stated that although the decision was surprising if",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": "Misbah bats and fields well everything else will go according to plan . Former Pakistan coach Geoff Lawson stated that he believed Misbah has the best cricketing brain within Pakistan and he will do incredibly well in the plans for the captaincy Misbah hit back at those who criticised the decision to appoint him captain and stated that he should be given a chance to prove himself",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " Misbah was the ODI captain from 2008β2015 and had the 10th highest success rate . He left in 2015 as captain from criticism due to his slow yet successful approach . However , after continuous international losses , notably Pakistans exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 , PCB officials seriously considered asking him to return as ODI captain .",
"title": "Captaincy"
},
{
"text": " In January 2015 , Misbah announced that he would retire from ODIs and T20Is after the 2015 World Cup . Misbah captained Pakistan in 2015 Cricket World Cup at Australia . He was the leading run scorer in tournament from Pakistan . Pakistan could only make it to Quarter-Finals . They were defeated by Australia in Quarter-Final , which was the last ODI match for Misbah .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "In April 2016 , Misbah decided to postpone his Test retirement until Australia tour in 2016/17 . On 31 October Misbah ul-Haq ended his PSL career but soon took back his PSL retirement .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " In November 2016 , against New Zealand at Christchurch , Misbah-ul-Haq was handed over a one-match suspension by the ICC for his sides slow over rate , meaning he had to miss the second Test in Hamilton . On 30 December 2016 , Cricinfo published an article which indicated that Misbah might retire .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "However , he continued to play in longer format for rest of the series with success , where Pakistan beat England to become No . 1 Test team in the world as well . On 6 April 2017 , Misbah finally announced his intentions to retire from all international cricket after the conclusion of West Indies tour .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " He played his last international match on May 10 , 2017 against West Indies in Roseau . He scored his 39th Test fifty in the first innings , but dismissed for just 2 runs in the second innings . However , in his last match as captain , Pakistan won the match by 101 runs and sealed the series 2β1 . The win highlighted as the first ever series win against West Indies in the West Indies as well .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " On 4 September 2019 , Misbah was appointed as the head coach for Pakistan cricket team as well as chief selector on a 3-year contract . This is the first time someone had simultaneously held both positions in Pakistan cricket . This started well for Misbah who won the One day international series 2β0 . But then in the T20 series Sri Lanka pulled off a shock result and whitewashed Pakistan . Afterwards he led the team in Australia where they lost the test series 2-0 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2020 , he resigned as chief selector of Pakistan national cricket team . His first tour as just the Head Coach came against New Zealand where Pakistan were beaten 2-0 . After this he lead Pakistan to their first Test series win against South Africa since 2003 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Holds the record for scoring the most runs in ODI cricket without a career hundred ( 5,122 ) . - Leading run scorer in ODIs during 2013 . - Pakistans most successful Test captain with 26 wins . - The first batsman to make a Test hundred after the age of 41 since Geoffrey Boycott in 1981 . - One of 2017 Wisden Cricketers of the Year .",
"title": "Records and Achievements"
},
{
"text": " - Pride of Performance β President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Pride of Performance to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2014 . - ICC Spirit of Cricket β 2016 - PCBs Imtiaz Ahmed Spirit of Cricket Award and Lifetime Achievement Award β 2017 . - Sitara-i-Imtiaz - President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Misbah-ul-Haq on 23 March 2018 .",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Misbah-ul-Haqs profile page on Wisden",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Lamar_University#P1448#0
|
Lamar University was officially named what between May 1931 and Jul 1931?
|
Lamar University Lamar University ( Lamar or LU ) is a public university in Beaumont , Texas . Lamar has been a member of the Texas State University System since 1995 . It was the flagship institution of the former Lamar University System . As of the fall of 2020 , the university enrollment was 17,488 students . Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board reportable enrollment was 15,799 Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas . History . Louis R . Pietzsch founded a public junior college in Beaumonts South Park . Lamar University started on September 17 , 1923 as South Park Junior College , operating on the unused third floor of the new South Park High School . Pietzsch acted as the first president of the college . South Park Junior College became the first college in Texas to receive Texas Department of Education approval during the first year of operation , and became fully accredited in 1925 . In 1932 , the college administration , recognizing that the junior college was serving the region rather than just the community , renamed it as Lamar College . It was named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas , who arranged to set aside land in counties for public schools . A statue of him was installed in the quadrangle of the campus near the Setzer Student Center . In 1933 , the college was moving toward independence from South Park High School when construction began on new facilities . By 1942 , the college was completely independent of the South Park school district , and operations moved to the current campus . With the end of World War II , an influx of veterans boosted enrollment . The Lamar board of trustees asked the Texas Legislature to promote Lamar College to a four-year state college . The initial attempt in 1947 , led in the Texas House of Representatives by Jack Brooks and in the Texas Senate by W . R . Cousins Jr. , failed , but the following year the two sponsors again advanced the bill through both houses . On June 14 , 1949 , Governor Beauford Jester signed the bill creating Lamar State College of Technology . Enrollment continued to grow throughout the 1950s and 1960s , reaching 10,000 students . Graduate work was authorized in 1960 , when masters degrees were offered in several fields . In 1969 , Lamar State College opened its first branch at a center in Orange , Texas . In 1970 , Lamar State College began offering its first doctoral program , the Doctor of Engineering . In 1971 the colleges name was officially changed to Lamar University . A group of African American veterans of World War II , barred from admission on the grounds of race and calling themselves the Negro Goodwill Council , protested to Governor Beauford Jester about the exclusion of blacks from Lamar State College . They attempted to block passage of the bill to change Lamar into a state-supported senior college , which resulted in John Gray , Lamars president , creating a black branch of Lamar called Jefferson Junior College . It opened with evening classes at Charlton-Pollard High School . In 1952 , James Briscoe , a graduate of Charlton-Pollard High School , applied to Lamar . His parents were laborers and members of the Beaumont chapter of the NAACP . The admissions office notified him that on the basis of his transcript , he was qualified to enroll for the spring term of 1951 . On January 29 , when Briscoe went to register for classes , Lamars acting president G . A . Wimberly explained that a mistake had been made and suggested he apply to TSUN , now named Texas Southern University . State law , he said , created Lamar for whites only . In the summer of 1955 , Versie Jackson and Henry Cooper Jr . became the lead plaintiffs of a class action lawsuit , Jackson v . McDonald , which sought to end Lamars policy of racial segregation . Lamar Cecil , federal judge , ruled on July 30 , 1956 , that Lamars βwhite youthβ only admissions policy was unconstitutional and that September , a total of twenty-six blacks were admitted to the college amid violent protests at the campus gates and throughout the region for a number of weeks until Texas Rangers arrived and the rule of law restored . Recent history . In 1975 , the university merged with Port Arthur College in Port Arthur , Texas , creating Lamar University-Port Arthur . In 1983 , state Senator Carl A . Parker sponsored a bill creating the Lamar University System . In 1986 , Lamar University-Orange and Lamar University-Port Arthur were granted accreditation separate from the main campus . Lamar Institute of Technology was created in 1990 in Beaumont to provide technical , business , health , and industrial education through programs two years or fewer in length . In 1995 , the Lamar University System was incorporated into the Texas State University System . In the fall of 1998 the Lamar University faculty numbered 423 and student enrollment was 8,241 . Total enrollment reached 15,000 students in Fall 2012 . In the late 1990s , Lamar began undertaking campus improvement projects . In 2001 , the University began replacing its 1960s-vintage residence halls with new apartment-style housing facilities , dubbed Cardinal Village . In March 2005 , the gym underwent extensive renovation and adjacent to it , a new recreational sports center was built . The $19 million center , named the Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center , opened in April 2007 . In August 2007 , the University completed construction on Cardinal Village IV , a $16-million expansion of its residence halls . The University completed construction of Cardinal Village Phase V in August 2010 bringing on-campus housing capacity to 2,500 students . The University , in anticipation of the return of football program in 2010 , renovated and upgraded Provost Umphrey Stadium ( formerly Cardinal Stadium ) and a new state-of-the-art Dauphin Athletic Complex . In October 2014 , Lamar broke ground for an administration building to be named the Wayne A . Reaud Building . The building houses the newly established Reaud Honors College . Another recent project included renovation of the Setzer Student Center . The renovation project had a $28,000,000 cost . The renovated building was opened on April 12 , 2018 . Academics . Lamar offers 96 undergraduate , 50 masters and eight doctoral degree programs in seven academic colleges . The academic colleges are the College of Engineering , College of Education and Human Development , College of Business , College of Fine Arts and Communication , the College of Arts and Sciences , the College of Graduate Studies , and the Reaud Honors College . Lamar is classified as a Doctoral Research University by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and is one of only two universities classified as such within the Texas State University System . Lamar and Kunming University of Science and Technology in southwest China have an exchange program that allows Chinese students to attend Lamar for one year while pursuing their bachelors degree . The university also has many academic units that fall outside of the five main colleges . The College of Graduate Studies handles graduate students . The Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement offers training and support to faculty and runs the universitys Active and Collaborative Engagement for Students ( ACES ) Program . The ACES program is designed to provide support to high risk students and integrate active learning methods into all core courses at LU . The university also provides secondary education through the Texas Academy for Leadership in the Humanities , stateu.com and the Texas Governors School . In the summer of 2009 , Lamar University partnered with the University of Texas at Arlington to create an online dual credit program for high school students in Texas , stateu.com . The partnership between the two universities operates at the website stateu.com . Online dual credit courses are available for free to high school students through state funding via House Bill 3646 . The BAAS online degree completion program , an expansion of a degree the university has offered for almost 20 years , is offered online through Lamar University Academic Partnerships . Recognition , awards and ranking . In August 2010 , the American Council of Trustees and Alumni ( ACTA ) released a study on core curriculum standards for 715 four-year institutions . The study compared colleges on their commitment to core subjects deemed essential to a well-rounded , competitive education . Lamar was one of only 16 institutions to receive an A rating . The study was featured in the Washington Post with a tag line Forget Harvard and think Lamar . In October 2010 , the university announced they would raise admission standards for the second time in two years because of the increased enrollment . The enrollment standards increase took effect in the fall of 2011 . Lamar was ranked in Tier Two of National Universities by the U.S . News & World Reports 2015 ranking . According to the site , 76.6% of students who applied to Lamar in 2013 were admitted . Lamar is ranked in several 2015 U.S . News & World Report categories . - Best Nursing Schools β 181 ( tied ) - Best Speech-Language Pathology β 220 - Best Online Bachelors Programs β 47 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Justice Programs β 31 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Education Programs β 35 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Nursing Programs β 74 ( tied ) Lamar was ranked #602 in Forbes 2014 Americas Top Colleges report . College of Engineering . The College of Engineering has 10 research centers under its authority . These are coordinated under the Texas Centers for Technology Incubation ( TCTI ) . The college also participates in the Texas Space Grant Consortium , which sponsors research on space based technologies . The Dan F . Smith Department of Chemical Engineering was established with a $5 million donation from Dan F . Smith in 2009 . The program continually produces the same or more M.S . in Chemical Engineering graduates than universities such as Stanford , IIT and MIT . The building housing the Ph.D . in Chemical Engineering program was dedicated the Charles and Eleanor Garrett Engineering Center in Fall 2012 . The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering offers eight degree programs . The Philip M . Drayer Department of Electrical Engineering was endowed with a $5 million gift from Philip M . Drayer in 2007 . The department has many successful alumni in the industry including Phil Drayer ( LUEE β67 ) , and Charles Garrett ( LUEE β59 ) inventor and founder of Garrett Metal Detectors . The Industrial Engineering department offers two undergraduate degrees : B.S . Industrial Engineering , and B.S . in Industrial Technology ; and four graduate degrees : Master of Engineering Industrial Engineering , Master of Science Industrial Engineering , Doctor of Engineering in Industrial Engineering , and Master of Engineering Management . The Mechanical Engineering department offers both undergraduate degree ( B.S ) as well as graduate degrees , consisting of degrees programs in Master of Engineering ( M.E. ) , Master of Engineering Science ( M.E.S ) and Doctor of Engineering ( D.E. ) . The department is affiliated with ASME and ASTM . College of Business . The University established the College of Business in 1972 . Prior to this time , degrees in business and economics were granted by the Division of Business , which was established in 1951 , and the School of Business , established in 1954 . All undergraduate and graduate degree programs of the College of Business are accredited by AACSB International . Four departments β Accounting and Business Law ; Economics and Finance ; Information Systems and Analysis ; and Management and Marketing β make up the College of Business . The Bachelor of Business Administration degree is granted in all areas . A Bachelor of Science degree is granted in Economics . In Fall 2008 , the College of Business acquired a new program , the Reese Construction Management program , with a $1.25 million donation from Jerry and Sheila Reese . The program is headed by Steve McCrary Ph.D . The Aspen Institute Center for Business Educations 2011β2012 edition of Beyond Grey Pinstripes ranked Lamars MBA program in the top 100 in the world for the third consecutive year . In November 2010 , Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen created the Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment in the College of Business . The endowment will provide graduate students and faculty with opportunities to gain first-hand knowledge of the global marketplace . Students taking advantage of the Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment will travel abroad accompanied by a College of Business faculty Steinhagen Global Fellow . They will participate in classes and seminars with other students , visit businesses and experience the culture of the country β all at an advanced level . Through the Entrepreneurship Lecture Series , endowed by a business alumnus , students and faculty have the opportunity to be inspired by the worlds leading entrepreneurs . The series brings high profile and dynamic speakers to the campus yearly . College of Education and Human Development . The College of Education and Human Development comprises five departments : Educational Leadership , Family & Consumer Sciences , Health & Kinesiology , Counseling and Special Populations and Professional Pedagogy . The teacher preparation and education graduate programs of the College of Education and Human Development are accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education ( NCATE ) at both the initial teacher preparation and advanced preparation levels . Lamar is among the largest educators of teachers in the nation due to its large Masters in Education program . The College hosts the Governors School of Texas , a three-week summer program for gifted high school students . College of Arts and Sciences . The College of Arts and Sciences fields of study include Physics , Mathematics , Computer Science , Biology , Chemistry , Nursing , Music , English , Earth Science , Foreign Language , History , Political Science , Criminal Justice and Psychology . The College is home to the JoAnne Gay Dishman School of Nursing . The nursing department consists of BSN and ADN degrees . The master of nursing online program in the Lamar University JoAnne Gay Dishman Department of Nursing has been ranked second in the nation for excellence in faculty credentials and training by U.S . News & World Report in Fall 2012 . College of Fine Arts and Communication . The College of Fine Arts and Communication offers degree programs in communication fields such as Journalism and Broadcasting , Speech and Hearing sciences , Sign Language , and Deaf Education . Lamar University is one of five universities in Texas which offer a clinical doctorate in audiology program . Fine arts degree programs such as Art , Theater , Music and Dance department programs are housed in the Music , Theater , and Art buildings . The college is home to the Mary Morgan Moore Department of Music . The department of communications operates LUTV , a local educational access television station , and KVLU ( FM 91.3 ) a National Public Radio station . The Department of Arts faculty includes internationally acclaimed artists Keith Carter and Prince Varughese Thomas . Reaud Honors College . The Reaud Honors College , established in the fall of 2014 , became the ninth honors college in the state of Texas . The honors program has been part of the universitys academic offering since 1963 . The 45,000 sq ft Wayne A . Reaud Building , which houses the honors college as well as university administration offices , broke ground on October 7 , 2014 . The honors college is a member of the National Collegiate Honors Council and the Great Plains Honor Council . Campus . The Lamar University campus is located off of Martin Luther King Boulevard , near U.S . Highway 69 , in the southeast part of Beaumont , Texas . The campus is from the Jack Brooks Regional Airport , from the Neches River and from Downtown Beaumont . The Big Thicket National Preserve , Village Creek State Park , and the Gulf of Mexico are all located within 30 minutes of the school . Facilities include the 10,080 seat Montagne Center , the eight-story Mary and John Gray Library and the 16,000 seat Provost Umphrey Stadium . Cardinal Village . Cardinal Village is the universitys community of apartment-style dormitories , part of Lamar Universitys investment in student life on campus . As of 2010 , there were five Phases of Cardinal Village with the capacity to house 2500 students . Each room includes a private bedroom , furnished with the necessities of college life such as a mini-refrigerator , microwave , computer desk , telephone outlets , cable TV access , and easy connectivity to the Universitys network . Cardinal Village housing also offers community centers , study areas , meeting rooms , fitness centers , a swimming pool , on-site laundry facilities , basketball and volleyball courts , social lounges , and parking . During the summer of 2011 all five phases of Cardinal village were renamed for previously-demolished residence halls on campus : Phase I β Gentry Hall , Phase II β Morris Hall , Phase III β Combs Hall , Phase IV β Campbell Hall and Phase V β Monroe Hall . Mary and John Gray Library . The tallest structure on campus at eight stories , the Mary and John Gray Library serves as a landmark for the university . Named after Mary and John Gray , considered to be the βfirst coupleβ of the university , the red brick structure took two and a half years to complete . The library holds extensive physical and digital collections , including 395,003 physical books , 99,548 e-books , and 142 digital databases , and provides access to current journal content from 48,851 journals . The library provides its users with a variety of digital tools , such as the online catalog and EBSCO EDS , an integrated search discovery system that allows single searches across multiple databases . Faculty and students can gain access to materials not held by our library through a robust interlibrary loan service and document delivery , in which we purchase journal articles on demand at no cost to the user . A service-oriented staff provides face-to-face , phone , and chat research assistance , as well as extensive subject guides and self-paced online tutorials to assist all Lamar users in using library resources to best advantage . Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center . The Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center was completed in 2007 at a cost of $19 million . The construction included renovation of the McDonald Gym , which had previously served as the universitys sports center and home of the volleyball program . The naming of the center was made possible by a $5 million donation by local attorney Walter Umphrey in 2005 . The center includes a cardiovascular room , a one-tenth-mile walking/jogging track , a climbing wall , basketball , indoor floor hockey/soccer arena , volleyball , badminton courts , and racquetball courts . The center also sports a wellness and fitness center , health food cafΓ© and juice bar . The lounge areas include pool tables , putting green , air hockey , foosball , video games and large screen TV . The center is home to the Recreational Sports Office , which organizes and hosts intramural sports leagues and sport clubs teams such as volleyball , basketball , flag football , cricket , badminton , indoor soccer , pool , ultimate frisbee , and tennis . The tennis club made back-to-back appearances at the national tournament as they won Club of the Year for 2015 and 2016 . Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall . The Universitys Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall was completed in 2006 for $6.2 million and is named for Southeast Texas congressman Jack Brooks and former Texas governor Allan Shivers . The hall is set on a food court-style floor plan that offers a variety of seating areas from barstools to booths . Dining options range from a salad bar , grill and central bakery to pizza , stir fry , Mexican food , pasta , deli and soup stations . The facility has interiors which include artwork created by Lamar University art students and faculty . On-campus food services are provided by external company Chartwells , which , in addition to the dining hall , provides options including franchised fast food chains and coffee shops . Setzer Student Center . The Setzer Student Center ( or the Set , as it is known by students ) hosts social and cultural activities throughout the year and is the hub for campus student organizations . The lounge areas , Mirabeaus CafΓ© and the Cardinals Nest eatery provide students with a place to socialize and relax . The Setzer Center also houses the bookstore , which stocks textbooks , school supplies , and Lamar University/Lamar Cardinals merchandise . Administrative divisions located in the Set include the Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement and the Office of Planning and Assessment . During the Spring 2012 semester , the Student Government Association , led by then-president Andrew Greenberg , passed a student-wide referendum to finance renovation and remodeling the Setzer Student Center . The vote was passed with 81% approval . The $28 million project was completed in 2018 with reopening of the center on April 12 , 2018 . Dishman Art Museum . The Dishman Art Museum serves as a teaching facility and art museum for Lamar . It was established in 1983 . The museum offers students an opportunity to experience diverse styles that reflect international trends , as well as a chance to exhibit their own work . Admission is free . The museums permanent collection includes 19th- and 20th-century paintings from American and European artists , as well as tribal art from Africa , New Guinea , and Pre-Columbian Mexico . Spindletop-Gladys City Museum . The Spindletop-Gladys City Museum is an open-air museum . The museum commemorates the 1901 discovery of oil by the Lucas Gusher in Beaumont . The oil discovery was located on Spindletop salt dome in South Beaumont . The boomtown that sprung up around the well was known as Gladys City . 100,000 barrels of oil were soon produced per day , making it the most productive in the world at that time . This productivity sparked an oil boom in Texas that continues to this day . Athletics . The Lamar Cardinals ( or Cards ) refers to the collegiate athletic teams of Lamar University . The inception of the nickname Cardinals dates back to the schools name change to Lamar in 1932 . The teams compete in NCAA Division I athletics for all of its varsity sports . Lamar has participated in practically every level of collegiate athletics from its inception as a junior college in 1923 to its gaining university status in 1971 . Lamar fields teams in each of the seventeen sports the Southland Conference sponsors . Lamar sponsors fifteen teams ( seven mens and eight womens ) that compete in the NCAAs Southland Conference for those seventeen sports . The newest teams are the reinstated football team beginning in 2010 , and womens softball which began play in the 2013 season . With the addition of softball , Lamar is the only Southland Conference program to sponsor all mens and womens sports . The Cardinals participate in mens and womens basketball , golf , indoor and outdoor track and field , cross country , tennis , womens soccer , softball and volleyball , and mens baseball and football . Football . Under former head coach Larry Kennan , Cardinal fans responded when he delivered a 6-3-2 club in 1979 , his first season with the team . Lamar set all-time attendance records under Kennan by averaging 16,380 in 1980 . Games against Louisiana Tech ( 17,600 ) and West Texas State ( 17,250 ) rank second and third , respectively , behind the standing-room-only 18,500 Baylor drew for the 1980 opener . The football programs signature win came on September 5 , 1981 in Waco ; the Cardinals triumphed with an 18β17 win over the UPI #20 ranked Baylor Bears . In 1987 Lamar football went independent to join the American South Conference , and the program was dropped altogether in 1989 . On January 30 , 2008 , 78% of Lamar students voted to approve the athletics fee required for footballs resurrection . This vote set in motion the football teams return for the 2010 season . Regents of The Texas State University System approved the athletics fee to reinstate football at its regular meeting February 20 , 2008 . On May 19 , 2008 , Ray Woodard was chosen as head coach for the football program . Thanks to a major gift from an anonymous donor , the football field now bears the name W.S . βBudβ Leonard Field , named for a former player and longtime Lamar advocate and regent . The Lamar University Cardinals football team returned to the gridiron after a 21-year hiatus , on September 4 , 2010 . The first-year squad compiled a respectable 5β6 record . The Cardinals opened Southland Conference play in 2011 . The return of football to Lamar University is in part due to a generous donation from Beaumont-based law firm Provost Umphrey . To help renovate the stadium , Walter Umphrey and his wife Sheila also made a personal donation . The stadium is now named Provost Umphrey Stadium . In December 2016 , Mike Schultz was named the programs second head coach since its return . After recording just one winning record in its first nine seasons since being brought back , Schultz guided the Cardinals to a 7β5 record and a third-place finish in the Southland Conference in just his second season . After a 1β4 start to the year , LU closed the regular season by rattling off six-straight wins to earn the programs first berth in the NCAA FCS Playoffs where it faced Northern Iowa . Basketball . Founded in 1924 , the mens and womens basketball teams at Lamar have both advanced deep into the NCAA tournament . The mens team has four NIT appearances , six NCAA tournament appearances , four second round appearances , and one sweet 16 appearance . The womens team has four WNIT appearance , two NCAA tournament appearances , and one Elite Eight appearance . The mens program has been coached by fourteen head coaches including Billy Tubbs , Pat Foster , Pat Knight and Tic Price , the current head coach . The womens team has been coached by thirteen head coaches including current head coach , Aqua Franklin . Over the years , both the mens and womens programs have had the highest average attendance in the Southland Conference . Both play in the 10,080-seat Montagne Center . Baseball . The Lamar Cardinals baseball team represents Lamar University and competes in the Southland Conference , and is an NCAA Division I program . Current head coach Will Davis was hired from LSU in January 2016 to replace legendary coach Jim Gilligan . A former player , Gilligan guided the program for all but five seasons ( 1987β91 ) from 1973 through 2016 . The LU Hall of Honor and Texas Baseball Hall of Fame member won more than 1,300 games during his career . The Cardinals baseball teams lead the Southland Conference with 10 regular season titles and has participated in the NCAA Division I Regionals 13 times . Student life . Student demographics . In fall 2018 , Lamar enrolled almost 15,000 students . The student body was 36% male and 64% female . Ethnically , 47% identified as White , 25% Black/African-American , 18% Hispanic or Latino , 4% Asian , 3% International , and 2% Other . Student media . University Press . The University Press , also known as the UP , is the student newspaper of Lamar . The paper was previously known as the SPark Plug and the Red Bird before becoming the University Press in recognition of Lamar gaining university status in 1971 . KVLU . 91.3 FM KVLU public radio is an NPR affiliate station broadcasting throughout southeast Texas . It is licensed to Lamar University with studios located on campus and a transmitter site located in Rose City . Launched in 1974 , the station operates independently and features a diverse 24/7 schedule of programs including NPR news morning , midday and afternoon as well as locally produced music programs , local features and radio documentaries , etc . As part of the Universitys College of Fine Arts and Communication and the Lamar University Media Alliance , KVLU also serves as a real world laboratory , providing training in audio broadcasting and radio production for students interested in pursuing careers in communication . The station is largely member supported with additional support coming from the University and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as well as program underwriters . LUTV . LUTV News is the weekly newscast produced by students in the Department of Communication at Lamar University . Broadcast journalism students are required to pitch , shoot , write and edit news content for each weeks 30-minute program . Production is led by student producers , directors and crew members , which gives students practical news production experience . LUTV News is broadcast via Spectrum Cable on LUTV-7 in Beaumont , Texas . LUTV Channel 7 . Airing on Time Warner Digital Cable channels 0007 and 6.7 , LUTV is the official channel of Lamar University and is owned and operated by the Department of Communication and Media . Ch . 7 airs a wide array of programming such as student/faculty films and artworks , promotional videos , distinguished lectures and events , sports games , talk shows , student produced newscasts , public domain films , and documentaries . LUMA . The Lamar University Media Alliance ( LUMA ) , consisting of KVLU public radio ( 91.3 FM ) ; LUTV Productions and LUTV 7 Cablecasting provides outreach programming to serve the general public and hands-on instructional opportunities for students . Greeks . Lamar boasts 19 national fraternities and sororities . College Panhellenic Council ( CPC ) is the governing body for the three National Pan-Hellenic Council chapters at LU . National Pan-Hellenic Council ( NPHC ) governs the nine historically African American fraternities and sororities . The Inter-Fraternity Council ( IFC ) governs mens fraternities . The Multicultural Greek Council ( MGC ) governs three multicultural Greek-letter organizations , two sororities and one fraternity . Fraternities - Alpha Phi Alpha - Sigma Phi Delta - Alpha Tau Omega - Pi Kappa Alpha - Sigma Nu - Phi Beta Sigma - Kappa Alpha Psi - Kappa Alpha Order - Omega Psi Phi - Phi Iota Alpha Sororities - Alpha Delta Pi - Zeta Tau Alpha - Kappa Delta Chi - Alpha Kappa Alpha - Alpha Chi Omega - Delta Sigma Theta - Zeta Phi Beta - Sigma Gamma Rho - Sigma Sigma Rho Music Greeks - Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia - Kappa Kappa Psi - Tau Beta Sigma Other organizations - Kappa Upsilon Chi - Alpha Kappa Psi - Alpha Omega Epsilon Notable people . Alumni . The Alumni of Lamar University have gone on to distinguish themselves in every aspect of society . The school has an alumni base numbering over 75,000 . Lamar has the highest median starting and mid-career salary of the four universities in the Texas State University System . Several Cardinals have gone on to distinguish themselves nationally and internationally in sports , such as PGA Tour golfer Chris Stroud , MLB player Kevin Millar , and college coaches such as Billy Tubbs and Jim Gilligan . Jack Brooks , Nick Lampson and Elvin Santos have gone on to be national politicians . - John Alexander β painter - Kelly Asbury β film director , screenwriter , voice actor , childrens book author and illustrator , non-fiction author - Bruce Aven β retired Major League Baseball player - Brian Birdwell ( B.S. , criminal justice , 1984 ) β member of the Texas State Senate and survivor of the Pentagon attack of September 11 , 2001 - Ronnie Black β PGA Tour professional golfer - Jack Brooks β former Congressman , served more than 40 years in the U.S . House of Representatives - Keith Carter β photographer - Trevor Dodds β Namibian professional golfer - Johnny Fuller β former defensive back , San Francisco 49ers - Jim Gilligan β one of the NCAAs most winning baseball coaches - James Gulley ( born 1965 ) - former professional basketball player for Ironi Ramat Gan in the Israeli Basketball Premier League - Midde Hamrin β Olympian marathon runner - Marvin Hayes β artist - Clay Hensley β pitcher , Houston Astros - Clarence Kea β NBA player - Nick Lampson β former Congressman ; served in the U.S . House of Representatives from two Texas districts - Bill Macatee β TV sports announcer - Bob McDill β singer/songwriter - Kevin Millar β MLB World Champion , Boston Red Sox - Wayne Moore β retired NFL player - Claude H . Nash β CEO of Bloodstone Ventures ; researcher - Robert Nichols β Texas politician - Bum Phillips β former head coach and general manager of the Houston Oilers - Colin Ridgeway β Australian Olympian ; former NFL player ; first Australian to play in the NFL - Brian Sanches β pitcher , Philadelphia Phillies - Elvin Santos β former Vice President of Honduras - Eugene Seale β former NFL player - Chris Stroud β PGA Tour professional golfer - Lynn Sweat β artist and illustrator of Amelia Bedelia childrens books - Billy Tubbs β former college basketball coach - Jerry Wilkerson β artist - Ray Woodard β head football coach , NFL player - Jen Wyatt β Canadian LPGA golfer - Anthony Iapoce β Former Major League Baseball Player . Current Hitting coach for the Chicago Cubs People associated with Lamar . - Steve Molyneux β UK educational leader and Microsoft Professor of Global Educational Leadership - Al Vincent β Major League Baseball coach External links . - Lamar Athletics website
|
[
"South Park Junior College"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lamar University ( Lamar or LU ) is a public university in Beaumont , Texas . Lamar has been a member of the Texas State University System since 1995 . It was the flagship institution of the former Lamar University System . As of the fall of 2020 , the university enrollment was 17,488 students . Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board reportable enrollment was 15,799 Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas .",
"title": "Lamar University"
},
{
"text": " Louis R . Pietzsch founded a public junior college in Beaumonts South Park . Lamar University started on September 17 , 1923 as South Park Junior College , operating on the unused third floor of the new South Park High School . Pietzsch acted as the first president of the college . South Park Junior College became the first college in Texas to receive Texas Department of Education approval during the first year of operation , and became fully accredited in 1925 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1932 , the college administration , recognizing that the junior college was serving the region rather than just the community , renamed it as Lamar College . It was named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas , who arranged to set aside land in counties for public schools . A statue of him was installed in the quadrangle of the campus near the Setzer Student Center . In 1933 , the college was moving toward independence from South Park High School when construction began on new facilities . By 1942 ,",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the college was completely independent of the South Park school district , and operations moved to the current campus .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " With the end of World War II , an influx of veterans boosted enrollment . The Lamar board of trustees asked the Texas Legislature to promote Lamar College to a four-year state college . The initial attempt in 1947 , led in the Texas House of Representatives by Jack Brooks and in the Texas Senate by W . R . Cousins Jr. , failed , but the following year the two sponsors again advanced the bill through both houses . On June 14 , 1949 , Governor Beauford Jester signed the bill creating Lamar State College of Technology .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Enrollment continued to grow throughout the 1950s and 1960s , reaching 10,000 students . Graduate work was authorized in 1960 , when masters degrees were offered in several fields . In 1969 , Lamar State College opened its first branch at a center in Orange , Texas . In 1970 , Lamar State College began offering its first doctoral program , the Doctor of Engineering . In 1971 the colleges name was officially changed to Lamar University .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "A group of African American veterans of World War II , barred from admission on the grounds of race and calling themselves the Negro Goodwill Council , protested to Governor Beauford Jester about the exclusion of blacks from Lamar State College . They attempted to block passage of the bill to change Lamar into a state-supported senior college , which resulted in John Gray , Lamars president , creating a black branch of Lamar called Jefferson Junior College . It opened with evening classes at Charlton-Pollard High School . In 1952 , James Briscoe , a graduate of Charlton-Pollard High",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "School , applied to Lamar . His parents were laborers and members of the Beaumont chapter of the NAACP . The admissions office notified him that on the basis of his transcript , he was qualified to enroll for the spring term of 1951 . On January 29 , when Briscoe went to register for classes , Lamars acting president G . A . Wimberly explained that a mistake had been made and suggested he apply to TSUN , now named Texas Southern University . State law , he said , created Lamar for whites only . In the summer",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "of 1955 , Versie Jackson and Henry Cooper Jr . became the lead plaintiffs of a class action lawsuit , Jackson v . McDonald , which sought to end Lamars policy of racial segregation . Lamar Cecil , federal judge , ruled on July 30 , 1956 , that Lamars βwhite youthβ only admissions policy was unconstitutional and that September , a total of twenty-six blacks were admitted to the college amid violent protests at the campus gates and throughout the region for a number of weeks until Texas Rangers arrived and the rule of law restored .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1975 , the university merged with Port Arthur College in Port Arthur , Texas , creating Lamar University-Port Arthur . In 1983 , state Senator Carl A . Parker sponsored a bill creating the Lamar University System . In 1986 , Lamar University-Orange and Lamar University-Port Arthur were granted accreditation separate from the main campus . Lamar Institute of Technology was created in 1990 in Beaumont to provide technical , business , health , and industrial education through programs two years or fewer in length .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "In 1995 , the Lamar University System was incorporated into the Texas State University System . In the fall of 1998 the Lamar University faculty numbered 423 and student enrollment was 8,241 . Total enrollment reached 15,000 students in Fall 2012 . In the late 1990s , Lamar began undertaking campus improvement projects .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": " In 2001 , the University began replacing its 1960s-vintage residence halls with new apartment-style housing facilities , dubbed Cardinal Village . In March 2005 , the gym underwent extensive renovation and adjacent to it , a new recreational sports center was built . The $19 million center , named the Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center , opened in April 2007 .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "In August 2007 , the University completed construction on Cardinal Village IV , a $16-million expansion of its residence halls . The University completed construction of Cardinal Village Phase V in August 2010 bringing on-campus housing capacity to 2,500 students .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": " The University , in anticipation of the return of football program in 2010 , renovated and upgraded Provost Umphrey Stadium ( formerly Cardinal Stadium ) and a new state-of-the-art Dauphin Athletic Complex . In October 2014 , Lamar broke ground for an administration building to be named the Wayne A . Reaud Building . The building houses the newly established Reaud Honors College . Another recent project included renovation of the Setzer Student Center . The renovation project had a $28,000,000 cost . The renovated building was opened on April 12 , 2018 .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "Lamar offers 96 undergraduate , 50 masters and eight doctoral degree programs in seven academic colleges . The academic colleges are the College of Engineering , College of Education and Human Development , College of Business , College of Fine Arts and Communication , the College of Arts and Sciences , the College of Graduate Studies , and the Reaud Honors College . Lamar is classified as a Doctoral Research University by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and is one of only two universities classified as such within the Texas State University System . Lamar and Kunming",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "University of Science and Technology in southwest China have an exchange program that allows Chinese students to attend Lamar for one year while pursuing their bachelors degree .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "The university also has many academic units that fall outside of the five main colleges . The College of Graduate Studies handles graduate students . The Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement offers training and support to faculty and runs the universitys Active and Collaborative Engagement for Students ( ACES ) Program . The ACES program is designed to provide support to high risk students and integrate active learning methods into all core courses at LU . The university also provides secondary education through the Texas Academy for Leadership in the Humanities , stateu.com and the Texas Governors School .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2009 , Lamar University partnered with the University of Texas at Arlington to create an online dual credit program for high school students in Texas , stateu.com . The partnership between the two universities operates at the website stateu.com . Online dual credit courses are available for free to high school students through state funding via House Bill 3646 . The BAAS online degree completion program , an expansion of a degree the university has offered for almost 20 years , is offered online through Lamar University Academic Partnerships .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "Recognition , awards and ranking .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "In August 2010 , the American Council of Trustees and Alumni ( ACTA ) released a study on core curriculum standards for 715 four-year institutions . The study compared colleges on their commitment to core subjects deemed essential to a well-rounded , competitive education . Lamar was one of only 16 institutions to receive an A rating . The study was featured in the Washington Post with a tag line Forget Harvard and think Lamar . In October 2010 , the university announced they would raise admission standards for the second time in two years because of the increased enrollment",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": ". The enrollment standards increase took effect in the fall of 2011 .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " Lamar was ranked in Tier Two of National Universities by the U.S . News & World Reports 2015 ranking . According to the site , 76.6% of students who applied to Lamar in 2013 were admitted . Lamar is ranked in several 2015 U.S . News & World Report categories . - Best Nursing Schools β 181 ( tied ) - Best Speech-Language Pathology β 220 - Best Online Bachelors Programs β 47 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Justice Programs β 31 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Education Programs β 35 ( tied )",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "- Best Online Graduate Nursing Programs β 74 ( tied )",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " The College of Engineering has 10 research centers under its authority . These are coordinated under the Texas Centers for Technology Incubation ( TCTI ) . The college also participates in the Texas Space Grant Consortium , which sponsors research on space based technologies .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": "The Dan F . Smith Department of Chemical Engineering was established with a $5 million donation from Dan F . Smith in 2009 . The program continually produces the same or more M.S . in Chemical Engineering graduates than universities such as Stanford , IIT and MIT . The building housing the Ph.D . in Chemical Engineering program was dedicated the Charles and Eleanor Garrett Engineering Center in Fall 2012 .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering offers eight degree programs . The Philip M . Drayer Department of Electrical Engineering was endowed with a $5 million gift from Philip M . Drayer in 2007 . The department has many successful alumni in the industry including Phil Drayer ( LUEE β67 ) , and Charles Garrett ( LUEE β59 ) inventor and founder of Garrett Metal Detectors .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": "The Industrial Engineering department offers two undergraduate degrees : B.S . Industrial Engineering , and B.S . in Industrial Technology ; and four graduate degrees : Master of Engineering Industrial Engineering , Master of Science Industrial Engineering , Doctor of Engineering in Industrial Engineering , and Master of Engineering Management .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The Mechanical Engineering department offers both undergraduate degree ( B.S ) as well as graduate degrees , consisting of degrees programs in Master of Engineering ( M.E. ) , Master of Engineering Science ( M.E.S ) and Doctor of Engineering ( D.E. ) . The department is affiliated with ASME and ASTM .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The University established the College of Business in 1972 . Prior to this time , degrees in business and economics were granted by the Division of Business , which was established in 1951 , and the School of Business , established in 1954 . All undergraduate and graduate degree programs of the College of Business are accredited by AACSB International . Four departments β Accounting and Business Law ; Economics and Finance ; Information Systems and Analysis ; and Management and Marketing β make up the",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "College of Business . The Bachelor of Business Administration degree is granted in all areas . A Bachelor of Science degree is granted in Economics . In Fall 2008 , the College of Business acquired a new program , the Reese Construction Management program , with a $1.25 million donation from Jerry and Sheila Reese . The program is headed by Steve McCrary Ph.D .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The Aspen Institute Center for Business Educations 2011β2012 edition of Beyond Grey Pinstripes ranked Lamars MBA program in the top 100 in the world for the third consecutive year . In November 2010 , Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen created the Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment in the College of Business . The endowment will provide graduate students and faculty with opportunities to gain first-hand knowledge of the global marketplace . Students taking advantage of the Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment will travel abroad accompanied by a College of Business faculty Steinhagen Global Fellow . They",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "will participate in classes and seminars with other students , visit businesses and experience the culture of the country β all at an advanced level .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " Through the Entrepreneurship Lecture Series , endowed by a business alumnus , students and faculty have the opportunity to be inspired by the worlds leading entrepreneurs . The series brings high profile and dynamic speakers to the campus yearly . College of Education and Human Development . The College of Education and Human Development comprises five departments : Educational Leadership , Family & Consumer Sciences , Health & Kinesiology , Counseling and Special Populations and Professional Pedagogy .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The teacher preparation and education graduate programs of the College of Education and Human Development are accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education ( NCATE ) at both the initial teacher preparation and advanced preparation levels . Lamar is among the largest educators of teachers in the nation due to its large Masters in Education program .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " The College hosts the Governors School of Texas , a three-week summer program for gifted high school students . College of Arts and Sciences .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The College of Arts and Sciences fields of study include Physics , Mathematics , Computer Science , Biology , Chemistry , Nursing , Music , English , Earth Science , Foreign Language , History , Political Science , Criminal Justice and Psychology . The College is home to the JoAnne Gay Dishman School of Nursing . The nursing department consists of BSN and ADN degrees . The master of nursing online program in the Lamar University JoAnne Gay Dishman Department of Nursing has been ranked second in the nation for excellence in faculty credentials and training by U.S . News",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "& World Report in Fall 2012 .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The College of Fine Arts and Communication offers degree programs in communication fields such as Journalism and Broadcasting , Speech and Hearing sciences , Sign Language , and Deaf Education . Lamar University is one of five universities in Texas which offer a clinical doctorate in audiology program . Fine arts degree programs such as Art , Theater , Music and Dance department programs are housed in the Music , Theater , and Art buildings . The college is home to the Mary Morgan Moore Department of Music . The department of communications operates LUTV , a local educational access",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "television station , and KVLU ( FM 91.3 ) a National Public Radio station . The Department of Arts faculty includes internationally acclaimed artists Keith Carter and Prince Varughese Thomas .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " The Reaud Honors College , established in the fall of 2014 , became the ninth honors college in the state of Texas . The honors program has been part of the universitys academic offering since 1963 . The 45,000 sq ft Wayne A . Reaud Building , which houses the honors college as well as university administration offices , broke ground on October 7 , 2014 . The honors college is a member of the National Collegiate Honors Council and the Great Plains Honor Council .",
"title": "Reaud Honors College"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University campus is located off of Martin Luther King Boulevard , near U.S . Highway 69 , in the southeast part of Beaumont , Texas . The campus is from the Jack Brooks Regional Airport , from the Neches River and from Downtown Beaumont . The Big Thicket National Preserve , Village Creek State Park , and the Gulf of Mexico are all located within 30 minutes of the school . Facilities include the 10,080 seat Montagne Center , the eight-story Mary and John Gray Library and the 16,000 seat Provost Umphrey Stadium .",
"title": "Campus"
},
{
"text": "Cardinal Village is the universitys community of apartment-style dormitories , part of Lamar Universitys investment in student life on campus . As of 2010 , there were five Phases of Cardinal Village with the capacity to house 2500 students . Each room includes a private bedroom , furnished with the necessities of college life such as a mini-refrigerator , microwave , computer desk , telephone outlets , cable TV access , and easy connectivity to the Universitys network . Cardinal Village housing also offers community centers , study areas , meeting rooms , fitness centers , a swimming pool ,",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "on-site laundry facilities , basketball and volleyball courts , social lounges , and parking . During the summer of 2011 all five phases of Cardinal village were renamed for previously-demolished residence halls on campus : Phase I β Gentry Hall , Phase II β Morris Hall , Phase III β Combs Hall , Phase IV β Campbell Hall and Phase V β Monroe Hall .",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The tallest structure on campus at eight stories , the Mary and John Gray Library serves as a landmark for the university . Named after Mary and John Gray , considered to be the βfirst coupleβ of the university , the red brick structure took two and a half years to complete . The library holds extensive physical and digital collections , including 395,003 physical books , 99,548 e-books , and 142 digital databases , and provides access to current journal content from 48,851 journals . The library provides its users with a variety of digital tools , such as",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "the online catalog and EBSCO EDS , an integrated search discovery system that allows single searches across multiple databases . Faculty and students can gain access to materials not held by our library through a robust interlibrary loan service and document delivery , in which we purchase journal articles on demand at no cost to the user . A service-oriented staff provides face-to-face , phone , and chat research assistance , as well as extensive subject guides and self-paced online tutorials to assist all Lamar users in using library resources to best advantage .",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center was completed in 2007 at a cost of $19 million . The construction included renovation of the McDonald Gym , which had previously served as the universitys sports center and home of the volleyball program . The naming of the center was made possible by a $5 million donation by local attorney Walter Umphrey in 2005 . The center includes a cardiovascular room , a one-tenth-mile walking/jogging track , a climbing wall , basketball , indoor floor hockey/soccer arena , volleyball , badminton courts , and racquetball courts . The center also sports a",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "wellness and fitness center , health food cafΓ© and juice bar . The lounge areas include pool tables , putting green , air hockey , foosball , video games and large screen TV . The center is home to the Recreational Sports Office , which organizes and hosts intramural sports leagues and sport clubs teams such as volleyball , basketball , flag football , cricket , badminton , indoor soccer , pool , ultimate frisbee , and tennis . The tennis club made back-to-back appearances at the national tournament as they won Club of the Year for 2015 and 2016",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The Universitys Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall was completed in 2006 for $6.2 million and is named for Southeast Texas congressman Jack Brooks and former Texas governor Allan Shivers . The hall is set on a food court-style floor plan that offers a variety of seating areas from barstools to booths . Dining options range from a salad bar , grill and central bakery to pizza , stir fry , Mexican food , pasta , deli and soup stations . The facility has interiors which include artwork created by Lamar University art students and faculty . On-campus food services are provided by",
"title": "Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall"
},
{
"text": "external company Chartwells , which , in addition to the dining hall , provides options including franchised fast food chains and coffee shops .",
"title": "Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall"
},
{
"text": " The Setzer Student Center ( or the Set , as it is known by students ) hosts social and cultural activities throughout the year and is the hub for campus student organizations . The lounge areas , Mirabeaus CafΓ© and the Cardinals Nest eatery provide students with a place to socialize and relax . The Setzer Center also houses the bookstore , which stocks textbooks , school supplies , and Lamar University/Lamar Cardinals merchandise . Administrative divisions located in the Set include the Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement and the Office of Planning and Assessment .",
"title": "Setzer Student Center"
},
{
"text": "During the Spring 2012 semester , the Student Government Association , led by then-president Andrew Greenberg , passed a student-wide referendum to finance renovation and remodeling the Setzer Student Center . The vote was passed with 81% approval . The $28 million project was completed in 2018 with reopening of the center on April 12 , 2018 .",
"title": "Setzer Student Center"
},
{
"text": " The Dishman Art Museum serves as a teaching facility and art museum for Lamar . It was established in 1983 . The museum offers students an opportunity to experience diverse styles that reflect international trends , as well as a chance to exhibit their own work . Admission is free . The museums permanent collection includes 19th- and 20th-century paintings from American and European artists , as well as tribal art from Africa , New Guinea , and Pre-Columbian Mexico .",
"title": "Dishman Art Museum"
},
{
"text": " The Spindletop-Gladys City Museum is an open-air museum . The museum commemorates the 1901 discovery of oil by the Lucas Gusher in Beaumont . The oil discovery was located on Spindletop salt dome in South Beaumont . The boomtown that sprung up around the well was known as Gladys City . 100,000 barrels of oil were soon produced per day , making it the most productive in the world at that time . This productivity sparked an oil boom in Texas that continues to this day .",
"title": "Spindletop-Gladys City Museum"
},
{
"text": "The Lamar Cardinals ( or Cards ) refers to the collegiate athletic teams of Lamar University . The inception of the nickname Cardinals dates back to the schools name change to Lamar in 1932 . The teams compete in NCAA Division I athletics for all of its varsity sports . Lamar has participated in practically every level of collegiate athletics from its inception as a junior college in 1923 to its gaining university status in 1971 . Lamar fields teams in each of the seventeen sports the Southland Conference sponsors . Lamar sponsors fifteen teams ( seven mens and eight",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": "womens ) that compete in the NCAAs Southland Conference for those seventeen sports . The newest teams are the reinstated football team beginning in 2010 , and womens softball which began play in the 2013 season . With the addition of softball , Lamar is the only Southland Conference program to sponsor all mens and womens sports .",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": " The Cardinals participate in mens and womens basketball , golf , indoor and outdoor track and field , cross country , tennis , womens soccer , softball and volleyball , and mens baseball and football .",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": "Under former head coach Larry Kennan , Cardinal fans responded when he delivered a 6-3-2 club in 1979 , his first season with the team . Lamar set all-time attendance records under Kennan by averaging 16,380 in 1980 . Games against Louisiana Tech ( 17,600 ) and West Texas State ( 17,250 ) rank second and third , respectively , behind the standing-room-only 18,500 Baylor drew for the 1980 opener . The football programs signature win came on September 5 , 1981 in Waco ; the Cardinals triumphed with an 18β17 win over the UPI #20 ranked Baylor Bears .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "In 1987 Lamar football went independent to join the American South Conference , and the program was dropped altogether in 1989 .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "On January 30 , 2008 , 78% of Lamar students voted to approve the athletics fee required for footballs resurrection . This vote set in motion the football teams return for the 2010 season . Regents of The Texas State University System approved the athletics fee to reinstate football at its regular meeting February 20 , 2008 . On May 19 , 2008 , Ray Woodard was chosen as head coach for the football program . Thanks to a major gift from an anonymous donor , the football field now bears the name W.S . βBudβ Leonard Field , named",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "for a former player and longtime Lamar advocate and regent .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University Cardinals football team returned to the gridiron after a 21-year hiatus , on September 4 , 2010 . The first-year squad compiled a respectable 5β6 record . The Cardinals opened Southland Conference play in 2011 . The return of football to Lamar University is in part due to a generous donation from Beaumont-based law firm Provost Umphrey . To help renovate the stadium , Walter Umphrey and his wife Sheila also made a personal donation . The stadium is now named Provost Umphrey Stadium .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "In December 2016 , Mike Schultz was named the programs second head coach since its return . After recording just one winning record in its first nine seasons since being brought back , Schultz guided the Cardinals to a 7β5 record and a third-place finish in the Southland Conference in just his second season . After a 1β4 start to the year , LU closed the regular season by rattling off six-straight wins to earn the programs first berth in the NCAA FCS Playoffs where it faced Northern Iowa .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": " Founded in 1924 , the mens and womens basketball teams at Lamar have both advanced deep into the NCAA tournament . The mens team has four NIT appearances , six NCAA tournament appearances , four second round appearances , and one sweet 16 appearance . The womens team has four WNIT appearance , two NCAA tournament appearances , and one Elite Eight appearance .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": "The mens program has been coached by fourteen head coaches including Billy Tubbs , Pat Foster , Pat Knight and Tic Price , the current head coach . The womens team has been coached by thirteen head coaches including current head coach , Aqua Franklin .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": " Over the years , both the mens and womens programs have had the highest average attendance in the Southland Conference . Both play in the 10,080-seat Montagne Center .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": "The Lamar Cardinals baseball team represents Lamar University and competes in the Southland Conference , and is an NCAA Division I program . Current head coach Will Davis was hired from LSU in January 2016 to replace legendary coach Jim Gilligan . A former player , Gilligan guided the program for all but five seasons ( 1987β91 ) from 1973 through 2016 . The LU Hall of Honor and Texas Baseball Hall of Fame member won more than 1,300 games during his career . The Cardinals baseball teams lead the Southland Conference with 10 regular season titles and has participated",
"title": "Baseball"
},
{
"text": "in the NCAA Division I Regionals 13 times .",
"title": "Baseball"
},
{
"text": " In fall 2018 , Lamar enrolled almost 15,000 students . The student body was 36% male and 64% female . Ethnically , 47% identified as White , 25% Black/African-American , 18% Hispanic or Latino , 4% Asian , 3% International , and 2% Other .",
"title": "Student demographics"
},
{
"text": " The University Press , also known as the UP , is the student newspaper of Lamar . The paper was previously known as the SPark Plug and the Red Bird before becoming the University Press in recognition of Lamar gaining university status in 1971 .",
"title": "University Press"
},
{
"text": "91.3 FM KVLU public radio is an NPR affiliate station broadcasting throughout southeast Texas . It is licensed to Lamar University with studios located on campus and a transmitter site located in Rose City . Launched in 1974 , the station operates independently and features a diverse 24/7 schedule of programs including NPR news morning , midday and afternoon as well as locally produced music programs , local features and radio documentaries , etc . As part of the Universitys College of Fine Arts and Communication and the Lamar University Media Alliance , KVLU also serves as a real world",
"title": "KVLU"
},
{
"text": "laboratory , providing training in audio broadcasting and radio production for students interested in pursuing careers in communication . The station is largely member supported with additional support coming from the University and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as well as program underwriters .",
"title": "KVLU"
},
{
"text": " LUTV News is the weekly newscast produced by students in the Department of Communication at Lamar University . Broadcast journalism students are required to pitch , shoot , write and edit news content for each weeks 30-minute program . Production is led by student producers , directors and crew members , which gives students practical news production experience . LUTV News is broadcast via Spectrum Cable on LUTV-7 in Beaumont , Texas .",
"title": "LUTV"
},
{
"text": " Airing on Time Warner Digital Cable channels 0007 and 6.7 , LUTV is the official channel of Lamar University and is owned and operated by the Department of Communication and Media . Ch . 7 airs a wide array of programming such as student/faculty films and artworks , promotional videos , distinguished lectures and events , sports games , talk shows , student produced newscasts , public domain films , and documentaries .",
"title": "LUTV Channel 7"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University Media Alliance ( LUMA ) , consisting of KVLU public radio ( 91.3 FM ) ; LUTV Productions and LUTV 7 Cablecasting provides outreach programming to serve the general public and hands-on instructional opportunities for students .",
"title": "LUMA"
},
{
"text": " Lamar boasts 19 national fraternities and sororities . College Panhellenic Council ( CPC ) is the governing body for the three National Pan-Hellenic Council chapters at LU . National Pan-Hellenic Council ( NPHC ) governs the nine historically African American fraternities and sororities . The Inter-Fraternity Council ( IFC ) governs mens fraternities . The Multicultural Greek Council ( MGC ) governs three multicultural Greek-letter organizations , two sororities and one fraternity .",
"title": "Greeks"
},
{
"text": " - Alpha Phi Alpha - Sigma Phi Delta - Alpha Tau Omega - Pi Kappa Alpha - Sigma Nu - Phi Beta Sigma - Kappa Alpha Psi - Kappa Alpha Order - Omega Psi Phi - Phi Iota Alpha",
"title": "Fraternities"
},
{
"text": " - Alpha Delta Pi - Zeta Tau Alpha - Kappa Delta Chi - Alpha Kappa Alpha - Alpha Chi Omega - Delta Sigma Theta - Zeta Phi Beta - Sigma Gamma Rho - Sigma Sigma Rho",
"title": "Sororities"
},
{
"text": " The Alumni of Lamar University have gone on to distinguish themselves in every aspect of society . The school has an alumni base numbering over 75,000 . Lamar has the highest median starting and mid-career salary of the four universities in the Texas State University System . Several Cardinals have gone on to distinguish themselves nationally and internationally in sports , such as PGA Tour golfer Chris Stroud , MLB player Kevin Millar , and college coaches such as Billy Tubbs and Jim Gilligan .",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "Jack Brooks , Nick Lampson and Elvin Santos have gone on to be national politicians .",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - John Alexander β painter - Kelly Asbury β film director , screenwriter , voice actor , childrens book author and illustrator , non-fiction author - Bruce Aven β retired Major League Baseball player - Brian Birdwell ( B.S. , criminal justice , 1984 ) β member of the Texas State Senate and survivor of the Pentagon attack of September 11 , 2001 - Ronnie Black β PGA Tour professional golfer - Jack Brooks β former Congressman , served more than 40 years in the U.S . House of Representatives - Keith Carter β photographer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Trevor Dodds β Namibian professional golfer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Johnny Fuller β former defensive back , San Francisco 49ers - Jim Gilligan β one of the NCAAs most winning baseball coaches - James Gulley ( born 1965 ) - former professional basketball player for Ironi Ramat Gan in the Israeli Basketball Premier League - Midde Hamrin β Olympian marathon runner - Marvin Hayes β artist - Clay Hensley β pitcher , Houston Astros - Clarence Kea β NBA player - Nick Lampson β former Congressman ; served in the U.S . House of Representatives from two Texas districts - Bill Macatee β TV sports announcer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Bob McDill β singer/songwriter",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Kevin Millar β MLB World Champion , Boston Red Sox - Wayne Moore β retired NFL player - Claude H . Nash β CEO of Bloodstone Ventures ; researcher - Robert Nichols β Texas politician - Bum Phillips β former head coach and general manager of the Houston Oilers - Colin Ridgeway β Australian Olympian ; former NFL player ; first Australian to play in the NFL - Brian Sanches β pitcher , Philadelphia Phillies - Elvin Santos β former Vice President of Honduras - Eugene Seale β former NFL player",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Chris Stroud β PGA Tour professional golfer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Lynn Sweat β artist and illustrator of Amelia Bedelia childrens books - Billy Tubbs β former college basketball coach - Jerry Wilkerson β artist - Ray Woodard β head football coach , NFL player - Jen Wyatt β Canadian LPGA golfer - Anthony Iapoce β Former Major League Baseball Player . Current Hitting coach for the Chicago Cubs People associated with Lamar . - Steve Molyneux β UK educational leader and Microsoft Professor of Global Educational Leadership - Al Vincent β Major League Baseball coach",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Lamar Athletics website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Lamar_University#P1448#1
|
Lamar University was officially named what in early 1940s?
|
Lamar University Lamar University ( Lamar or LU ) is a public university in Beaumont , Texas . Lamar has been a member of the Texas State University System since 1995 . It was the flagship institution of the former Lamar University System . As of the fall of 2020 , the university enrollment was 17,488 students . Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board reportable enrollment was 15,799 Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas . History . Louis R . Pietzsch founded a public junior college in Beaumonts South Park . Lamar University started on September 17 , 1923 as South Park Junior College , operating on the unused third floor of the new South Park High School . Pietzsch acted as the first president of the college . South Park Junior College became the first college in Texas to receive Texas Department of Education approval during the first year of operation , and became fully accredited in 1925 . In 1932 , the college administration , recognizing that the junior college was serving the region rather than just the community , renamed it as Lamar College . It was named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas , who arranged to set aside land in counties for public schools . A statue of him was installed in the quadrangle of the campus near the Setzer Student Center . In 1933 , the college was moving toward independence from South Park High School when construction began on new facilities . By 1942 , the college was completely independent of the South Park school district , and operations moved to the current campus . With the end of World War II , an influx of veterans boosted enrollment . The Lamar board of trustees asked the Texas Legislature to promote Lamar College to a four-year state college . The initial attempt in 1947 , led in the Texas House of Representatives by Jack Brooks and in the Texas Senate by W . R . Cousins Jr. , failed , but the following year the two sponsors again advanced the bill through both houses . On June 14 , 1949 , Governor Beauford Jester signed the bill creating Lamar State College of Technology . Enrollment continued to grow throughout the 1950s and 1960s , reaching 10,000 students . Graduate work was authorized in 1960 , when masters degrees were offered in several fields . In 1969 , Lamar State College opened its first branch at a center in Orange , Texas . In 1970 , Lamar State College began offering its first doctoral program , the Doctor of Engineering . In 1971 the colleges name was officially changed to Lamar University . A group of African American veterans of World War II , barred from admission on the grounds of race and calling themselves the Negro Goodwill Council , protested to Governor Beauford Jester about the exclusion of blacks from Lamar State College . They attempted to block passage of the bill to change Lamar into a state-supported senior college , which resulted in John Gray , Lamars president , creating a black branch of Lamar called Jefferson Junior College . It opened with evening classes at Charlton-Pollard High School . In 1952 , James Briscoe , a graduate of Charlton-Pollard High School , applied to Lamar . His parents were laborers and members of the Beaumont chapter of the NAACP . The admissions office notified him that on the basis of his transcript , he was qualified to enroll for the spring term of 1951 . On January 29 , when Briscoe went to register for classes , Lamars acting president G . A . Wimberly explained that a mistake had been made and suggested he apply to TSUN , now named Texas Southern University . State law , he said , created Lamar for whites only . In the summer of 1955 , Versie Jackson and Henry Cooper Jr . became the lead plaintiffs of a class action lawsuit , Jackson v . McDonald , which sought to end Lamars policy of racial segregation . Lamar Cecil , federal judge , ruled on July 30 , 1956 , that Lamars βwhite youthβ only admissions policy was unconstitutional and that September , a total of twenty-six blacks were admitted to the college amid violent protests at the campus gates and throughout the region for a number of weeks until Texas Rangers arrived and the rule of law restored . Recent history . In 1975 , the university merged with Port Arthur College in Port Arthur , Texas , creating Lamar University-Port Arthur . In 1983 , state Senator Carl A . Parker sponsored a bill creating the Lamar University System . In 1986 , Lamar University-Orange and Lamar University-Port Arthur were granted accreditation separate from the main campus . Lamar Institute of Technology was created in 1990 in Beaumont to provide technical , business , health , and industrial education through programs two years or fewer in length . In 1995 , the Lamar University System was incorporated into the Texas State University System . In the fall of 1998 the Lamar University faculty numbered 423 and student enrollment was 8,241 . Total enrollment reached 15,000 students in Fall 2012 . In the late 1990s , Lamar began undertaking campus improvement projects . In 2001 , the University began replacing its 1960s-vintage residence halls with new apartment-style housing facilities , dubbed Cardinal Village . In March 2005 , the gym underwent extensive renovation and adjacent to it , a new recreational sports center was built . The $19 million center , named the Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center , opened in April 2007 . In August 2007 , the University completed construction on Cardinal Village IV , a $16-million expansion of its residence halls . The University completed construction of Cardinal Village Phase V in August 2010 bringing on-campus housing capacity to 2,500 students . The University , in anticipation of the return of football program in 2010 , renovated and upgraded Provost Umphrey Stadium ( formerly Cardinal Stadium ) and a new state-of-the-art Dauphin Athletic Complex . In October 2014 , Lamar broke ground for an administration building to be named the Wayne A . Reaud Building . The building houses the newly established Reaud Honors College . Another recent project included renovation of the Setzer Student Center . The renovation project had a $28,000,000 cost . The renovated building was opened on April 12 , 2018 . Academics . Lamar offers 96 undergraduate , 50 masters and eight doctoral degree programs in seven academic colleges . The academic colleges are the College of Engineering , College of Education and Human Development , College of Business , College of Fine Arts and Communication , the College of Arts and Sciences , the College of Graduate Studies , and the Reaud Honors College . Lamar is classified as a Doctoral Research University by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and is one of only two universities classified as such within the Texas State University System . Lamar and Kunming University of Science and Technology in southwest China have an exchange program that allows Chinese students to attend Lamar for one year while pursuing their bachelors degree . The university also has many academic units that fall outside of the five main colleges . The College of Graduate Studies handles graduate students . The Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement offers training and support to faculty and runs the universitys Active and Collaborative Engagement for Students ( ACES ) Program . The ACES program is designed to provide support to high risk students and integrate active learning methods into all core courses at LU . The university also provides secondary education through the Texas Academy for Leadership in the Humanities , stateu.com and the Texas Governors School . In the summer of 2009 , Lamar University partnered with the University of Texas at Arlington to create an online dual credit program for high school students in Texas , stateu.com . The partnership between the two universities operates at the website stateu.com . Online dual credit courses are available for free to high school students through state funding via House Bill 3646 . The BAAS online degree completion program , an expansion of a degree the university has offered for almost 20 years , is offered online through Lamar University Academic Partnerships . Recognition , awards and ranking . In August 2010 , the American Council of Trustees and Alumni ( ACTA ) released a study on core curriculum standards for 715 four-year institutions . The study compared colleges on their commitment to core subjects deemed essential to a well-rounded , competitive education . Lamar was one of only 16 institutions to receive an A rating . The study was featured in the Washington Post with a tag line Forget Harvard and think Lamar . In October 2010 , the university announced they would raise admission standards for the second time in two years because of the increased enrollment . The enrollment standards increase took effect in the fall of 2011 . Lamar was ranked in Tier Two of National Universities by the U.S . News & World Reports 2015 ranking . According to the site , 76.6% of students who applied to Lamar in 2013 were admitted . Lamar is ranked in several 2015 U.S . News & World Report categories . - Best Nursing Schools β 181 ( tied ) - Best Speech-Language Pathology β 220 - Best Online Bachelors Programs β 47 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Justice Programs β 31 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Education Programs β 35 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Nursing Programs β 74 ( tied ) Lamar was ranked #602 in Forbes 2014 Americas Top Colleges report . College of Engineering . The College of Engineering has 10 research centers under its authority . These are coordinated under the Texas Centers for Technology Incubation ( TCTI ) . The college also participates in the Texas Space Grant Consortium , which sponsors research on space based technologies . The Dan F . Smith Department of Chemical Engineering was established with a $5 million donation from Dan F . Smith in 2009 . The program continually produces the same or more M.S . in Chemical Engineering graduates than universities such as Stanford , IIT and MIT . The building housing the Ph.D . in Chemical Engineering program was dedicated the Charles and Eleanor Garrett Engineering Center in Fall 2012 . The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering offers eight degree programs . The Philip M . Drayer Department of Electrical Engineering was endowed with a $5 million gift from Philip M . Drayer in 2007 . The department has many successful alumni in the industry including Phil Drayer ( LUEE β67 ) , and Charles Garrett ( LUEE β59 ) inventor and founder of Garrett Metal Detectors . The Industrial Engineering department offers two undergraduate degrees : B.S . Industrial Engineering , and B.S . in Industrial Technology ; and four graduate degrees : Master of Engineering Industrial Engineering , Master of Science Industrial Engineering , Doctor of Engineering in Industrial Engineering , and Master of Engineering Management . The Mechanical Engineering department offers both undergraduate degree ( B.S ) as well as graduate degrees , consisting of degrees programs in Master of Engineering ( M.E. ) , Master of Engineering Science ( M.E.S ) and Doctor of Engineering ( D.E. ) . The department is affiliated with ASME and ASTM . College of Business . The University established the College of Business in 1972 . Prior to this time , degrees in business and economics were granted by the Division of Business , which was established in 1951 , and the School of Business , established in 1954 . All undergraduate and graduate degree programs of the College of Business are accredited by AACSB International . Four departments β Accounting and Business Law ; Economics and Finance ; Information Systems and Analysis ; and Management and Marketing β make up the College of Business . The Bachelor of Business Administration degree is granted in all areas . A Bachelor of Science degree is granted in Economics . In Fall 2008 , the College of Business acquired a new program , the Reese Construction Management program , with a $1.25 million donation from Jerry and Sheila Reese . The program is headed by Steve McCrary Ph.D . The Aspen Institute Center for Business Educations 2011β2012 edition of Beyond Grey Pinstripes ranked Lamars MBA program in the top 100 in the world for the third consecutive year . In November 2010 , Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen created the Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment in the College of Business . The endowment will provide graduate students and faculty with opportunities to gain first-hand knowledge of the global marketplace . Students taking advantage of the Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment will travel abroad accompanied by a College of Business faculty Steinhagen Global Fellow . They will participate in classes and seminars with other students , visit businesses and experience the culture of the country β all at an advanced level . Through the Entrepreneurship Lecture Series , endowed by a business alumnus , students and faculty have the opportunity to be inspired by the worlds leading entrepreneurs . The series brings high profile and dynamic speakers to the campus yearly . College of Education and Human Development . The College of Education and Human Development comprises five departments : Educational Leadership , Family & Consumer Sciences , Health & Kinesiology , Counseling and Special Populations and Professional Pedagogy . The teacher preparation and education graduate programs of the College of Education and Human Development are accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education ( NCATE ) at both the initial teacher preparation and advanced preparation levels . Lamar is among the largest educators of teachers in the nation due to its large Masters in Education program . The College hosts the Governors School of Texas , a three-week summer program for gifted high school students . College of Arts and Sciences . The College of Arts and Sciences fields of study include Physics , Mathematics , Computer Science , Biology , Chemistry , Nursing , Music , English , Earth Science , Foreign Language , History , Political Science , Criminal Justice and Psychology . The College is home to the JoAnne Gay Dishman School of Nursing . The nursing department consists of BSN and ADN degrees . The master of nursing online program in the Lamar University JoAnne Gay Dishman Department of Nursing has been ranked second in the nation for excellence in faculty credentials and training by U.S . News & World Report in Fall 2012 . College of Fine Arts and Communication . The College of Fine Arts and Communication offers degree programs in communication fields such as Journalism and Broadcasting , Speech and Hearing sciences , Sign Language , and Deaf Education . Lamar University is one of five universities in Texas which offer a clinical doctorate in audiology program . Fine arts degree programs such as Art , Theater , Music and Dance department programs are housed in the Music , Theater , and Art buildings . The college is home to the Mary Morgan Moore Department of Music . The department of communications operates LUTV , a local educational access television station , and KVLU ( FM 91.3 ) a National Public Radio station . The Department of Arts faculty includes internationally acclaimed artists Keith Carter and Prince Varughese Thomas . Reaud Honors College . The Reaud Honors College , established in the fall of 2014 , became the ninth honors college in the state of Texas . The honors program has been part of the universitys academic offering since 1963 . The 45,000 sq ft Wayne A . Reaud Building , which houses the honors college as well as university administration offices , broke ground on October 7 , 2014 . The honors college is a member of the National Collegiate Honors Council and the Great Plains Honor Council . Campus . The Lamar University campus is located off of Martin Luther King Boulevard , near U.S . Highway 69 , in the southeast part of Beaumont , Texas . The campus is from the Jack Brooks Regional Airport , from the Neches River and from Downtown Beaumont . The Big Thicket National Preserve , Village Creek State Park , and the Gulf of Mexico are all located within 30 minutes of the school . Facilities include the 10,080 seat Montagne Center , the eight-story Mary and John Gray Library and the 16,000 seat Provost Umphrey Stadium . Cardinal Village . Cardinal Village is the universitys community of apartment-style dormitories , part of Lamar Universitys investment in student life on campus . As of 2010 , there were five Phases of Cardinal Village with the capacity to house 2500 students . Each room includes a private bedroom , furnished with the necessities of college life such as a mini-refrigerator , microwave , computer desk , telephone outlets , cable TV access , and easy connectivity to the Universitys network . Cardinal Village housing also offers community centers , study areas , meeting rooms , fitness centers , a swimming pool , on-site laundry facilities , basketball and volleyball courts , social lounges , and parking . During the summer of 2011 all five phases of Cardinal village were renamed for previously-demolished residence halls on campus : Phase I β Gentry Hall , Phase II β Morris Hall , Phase III β Combs Hall , Phase IV β Campbell Hall and Phase V β Monroe Hall . Mary and John Gray Library . The tallest structure on campus at eight stories , the Mary and John Gray Library serves as a landmark for the university . Named after Mary and John Gray , considered to be the βfirst coupleβ of the university , the red brick structure took two and a half years to complete . The library holds extensive physical and digital collections , including 395,003 physical books , 99,548 e-books , and 142 digital databases , and provides access to current journal content from 48,851 journals . The library provides its users with a variety of digital tools , such as the online catalog and EBSCO EDS , an integrated search discovery system that allows single searches across multiple databases . Faculty and students can gain access to materials not held by our library through a robust interlibrary loan service and document delivery , in which we purchase journal articles on demand at no cost to the user . A service-oriented staff provides face-to-face , phone , and chat research assistance , as well as extensive subject guides and self-paced online tutorials to assist all Lamar users in using library resources to best advantage . Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center . The Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center was completed in 2007 at a cost of $19 million . The construction included renovation of the McDonald Gym , which had previously served as the universitys sports center and home of the volleyball program . The naming of the center was made possible by a $5 million donation by local attorney Walter Umphrey in 2005 . The center includes a cardiovascular room , a one-tenth-mile walking/jogging track , a climbing wall , basketball , indoor floor hockey/soccer arena , volleyball , badminton courts , and racquetball courts . The center also sports a wellness and fitness center , health food cafΓ© and juice bar . The lounge areas include pool tables , putting green , air hockey , foosball , video games and large screen TV . The center is home to the Recreational Sports Office , which organizes and hosts intramural sports leagues and sport clubs teams such as volleyball , basketball , flag football , cricket , badminton , indoor soccer , pool , ultimate frisbee , and tennis . The tennis club made back-to-back appearances at the national tournament as they won Club of the Year for 2015 and 2016 . Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall . The Universitys Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall was completed in 2006 for $6.2 million and is named for Southeast Texas congressman Jack Brooks and former Texas governor Allan Shivers . The hall is set on a food court-style floor plan that offers a variety of seating areas from barstools to booths . Dining options range from a salad bar , grill and central bakery to pizza , stir fry , Mexican food , pasta , deli and soup stations . The facility has interiors which include artwork created by Lamar University art students and faculty . On-campus food services are provided by external company Chartwells , which , in addition to the dining hall , provides options including franchised fast food chains and coffee shops . Setzer Student Center . The Setzer Student Center ( or the Set , as it is known by students ) hosts social and cultural activities throughout the year and is the hub for campus student organizations . The lounge areas , Mirabeaus CafΓ© and the Cardinals Nest eatery provide students with a place to socialize and relax . The Setzer Center also houses the bookstore , which stocks textbooks , school supplies , and Lamar University/Lamar Cardinals merchandise . Administrative divisions located in the Set include the Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement and the Office of Planning and Assessment . During the Spring 2012 semester , the Student Government Association , led by then-president Andrew Greenberg , passed a student-wide referendum to finance renovation and remodeling the Setzer Student Center . The vote was passed with 81% approval . The $28 million project was completed in 2018 with reopening of the center on April 12 , 2018 . Dishman Art Museum . The Dishman Art Museum serves as a teaching facility and art museum for Lamar . It was established in 1983 . The museum offers students an opportunity to experience diverse styles that reflect international trends , as well as a chance to exhibit their own work . Admission is free . The museums permanent collection includes 19th- and 20th-century paintings from American and European artists , as well as tribal art from Africa , New Guinea , and Pre-Columbian Mexico . Spindletop-Gladys City Museum . The Spindletop-Gladys City Museum is an open-air museum . The museum commemorates the 1901 discovery of oil by the Lucas Gusher in Beaumont . The oil discovery was located on Spindletop salt dome in South Beaumont . The boomtown that sprung up around the well was known as Gladys City . 100,000 barrels of oil were soon produced per day , making it the most productive in the world at that time . This productivity sparked an oil boom in Texas that continues to this day . Athletics . The Lamar Cardinals ( or Cards ) refers to the collegiate athletic teams of Lamar University . The inception of the nickname Cardinals dates back to the schools name change to Lamar in 1932 . The teams compete in NCAA Division I athletics for all of its varsity sports . Lamar has participated in practically every level of collegiate athletics from its inception as a junior college in 1923 to its gaining university status in 1971 . Lamar fields teams in each of the seventeen sports the Southland Conference sponsors . Lamar sponsors fifteen teams ( seven mens and eight womens ) that compete in the NCAAs Southland Conference for those seventeen sports . The newest teams are the reinstated football team beginning in 2010 , and womens softball which began play in the 2013 season . With the addition of softball , Lamar is the only Southland Conference program to sponsor all mens and womens sports . The Cardinals participate in mens and womens basketball , golf , indoor and outdoor track and field , cross country , tennis , womens soccer , softball and volleyball , and mens baseball and football . Football . Under former head coach Larry Kennan , Cardinal fans responded when he delivered a 6-3-2 club in 1979 , his first season with the team . Lamar set all-time attendance records under Kennan by averaging 16,380 in 1980 . Games against Louisiana Tech ( 17,600 ) and West Texas State ( 17,250 ) rank second and third , respectively , behind the standing-room-only 18,500 Baylor drew for the 1980 opener . The football programs signature win came on September 5 , 1981 in Waco ; the Cardinals triumphed with an 18β17 win over the UPI #20 ranked Baylor Bears . In 1987 Lamar football went independent to join the American South Conference , and the program was dropped altogether in 1989 . On January 30 , 2008 , 78% of Lamar students voted to approve the athletics fee required for footballs resurrection . This vote set in motion the football teams return for the 2010 season . Regents of The Texas State University System approved the athletics fee to reinstate football at its regular meeting February 20 , 2008 . On May 19 , 2008 , Ray Woodard was chosen as head coach for the football program . Thanks to a major gift from an anonymous donor , the football field now bears the name W.S . βBudβ Leonard Field , named for a former player and longtime Lamar advocate and regent . The Lamar University Cardinals football team returned to the gridiron after a 21-year hiatus , on September 4 , 2010 . The first-year squad compiled a respectable 5β6 record . The Cardinals opened Southland Conference play in 2011 . The return of football to Lamar University is in part due to a generous donation from Beaumont-based law firm Provost Umphrey . To help renovate the stadium , Walter Umphrey and his wife Sheila also made a personal donation . The stadium is now named Provost Umphrey Stadium . In December 2016 , Mike Schultz was named the programs second head coach since its return . After recording just one winning record in its first nine seasons since being brought back , Schultz guided the Cardinals to a 7β5 record and a third-place finish in the Southland Conference in just his second season . After a 1β4 start to the year , LU closed the regular season by rattling off six-straight wins to earn the programs first berth in the NCAA FCS Playoffs where it faced Northern Iowa . Basketball . Founded in 1924 , the mens and womens basketball teams at Lamar have both advanced deep into the NCAA tournament . The mens team has four NIT appearances , six NCAA tournament appearances , four second round appearances , and one sweet 16 appearance . The womens team has four WNIT appearance , two NCAA tournament appearances , and one Elite Eight appearance . The mens program has been coached by fourteen head coaches including Billy Tubbs , Pat Foster , Pat Knight and Tic Price , the current head coach . The womens team has been coached by thirteen head coaches including current head coach , Aqua Franklin . Over the years , both the mens and womens programs have had the highest average attendance in the Southland Conference . Both play in the 10,080-seat Montagne Center . Baseball . The Lamar Cardinals baseball team represents Lamar University and competes in the Southland Conference , and is an NCAA Division I program . Current head coach Will Davis was hired from LSU in January 2016 to replace legendary coach Jim Gilligan . A former player , Gilligan guided the program for all but five seasons ( 1987β91 ) from 1973 through 2016 . The LU Hall of Honor and Texas Baseball Hall of Fame member won more than 1,300 games during his career . The Cardinals baseball teams lead the Southland Conference with 10 regular season titles and has participated in the NCAA Division I Regionals 13 times . Student life . Student demographics . In fall 2018 , Lamar enrolled almost 15,000 students . The student body was 36% male and 64% female . Ethnically , 47% identified as White , 25% Black/African-American , 18% Hispanic or Latino , 4% Asian , 3% International , and 2% Other . Student media . University Press . The University Press , also known as the UP , is the student newspaper of Lamar . The paper was previously known as the SPark Plug and the Red Bird before becoming the University Press in recognition of Lamar gaining university status in 1971 . KVLU . 91.3 FM KVLU public radio is an NPR affiliate station broadcasting throughout southeast Texas . It is licensed to Lamar University with studios located on campus and a transmitter site located in Rose City . Launched in 1974 , the station operates independently and features a diverse 24/7 schedule of programs including NPR news morning , midday and afternoon as well as locally produced music programs , local features and radio documentaries , etc . As part of the Universitys College of Fine Arts and Communication and the Lamar University Media Alliance , KVLU also serves as a real world laboratory , providing training in audio broadcasting and radio production for students interested in pursuing careers in communication . The station is largely member supported with additional support coming from the University and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as well as program underwriters . LUTV . LUTV News is the weekly newscast produced by students in the Department of Communication at Lamar University . Broadcast journalism students are required to pitch , shoot , write and edit news content for each weeks 30-minute program . Production is led by student producers , directors and crew members , which gives students practical news production experience . LUTV News is broadcast via Spectrum Cable on LUTV-7 in Beaumont , Texas . LUTV Channel 7 . Airing on Time Warner Digital Cable channels 0007 and 6.7 , LUTV is the official channel of Lamar University and is owned and operated by the Department of Communication and Media . Ch . 7 airs a wide array of programming such as student/faculty films and artworks , promotional videos , distinguished lectures and events , sports games , talk shows , student produced newscasts , public domain films , and documentaries . LUMA . The Lamar University Media Alliance ( LUMA ) , consisting of KVLU public radio ( 91.3 FM ) ; LUTV Productions and LUTV 7 Cablecasting provides outreach programming to serve the general public and hands-on instructional opportunities for students . Greeks . Lamar boasts 19 national fraternities and sororities . College Panhellenic Council ( CPC ) is the governing body for the three National Pan-Hellenic Council chapters at LU . National Pan-Hellenic Council ( NPHC ) governs the nine historically African American fraternities and sororities . The Inter-Fraternity Council ( IFC ) governs mens fraternities . The Multicultural Greek Council ( MGC ) governs three multicultural Greek-letter organizations , two sororities and one fraternity . Fraternities - Alpha Phi Alpha - Sigma Phi Delta - Alpha Tau Omega - Pi Kappa Alpha - Sigma Nu - Phi Beta Sigma - Kappa Alpha Psi - Kappa Alpha Order - Omega Psi Phi - Phi Iota Alpha Sororities - Alpha Delta Pi - Zeta Tau Alpha - Kappa Delta Chi - Alpha Kappa Alpha - Alpha Chi Omega - Delta Sigma Theta - Zeta Phi Beta - Sigma Gamma Rho - Sigma Sigma Rho Music Greeks - Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia - Kappa Kappa Psi - Tau Beta Sigma Other organizations - Kappa Upsilon Chi - Alpha Kappa Psi - Alpha Omega Epsilon Notable people . Alumni . The Alumni of Lamar University have gone on to distinguish themselves in every aspect of society . The school has an alumni base numbering over 75,000 . Lamar has the highest median starting and mid-career salary of the four universities in the Texas State University System . Several Cardinals have gone on to distinguish themselves nationally and internationally in sports , such as PGA Tour golfer Chris Stroud , MLB player Kevin Millar , and college coaches such as Billy Tubbs and Jim Gilligan . Jack Brooks , Nick Lampson and Elvin Santos have gone on to be national politicians . - John Alexander β painter - Kelly Asbury β film director , screenwriter , voice actor , childrens book author and illustrator , non-fiction author - Bruce Aven β retired Major League Baseball player - Brian Birdwell ( B.S. , criminal justice , 1984 ) β member of the Texas State Senate and survivor of the Pentagon attack of September 11 , 2001 - Ronnie Black β PGA Tour professional golfer - Jack Brooks β former Congressman , served more than 40 years in the U.S . House of Representatives - Keith Carter β photographer - Trevor Dodds β Namibian professional golfer - Johnny Fuller β former defensive back , San Francisco 49ers - Jim Gilligan β one of the NCAAs most winning baseball coaches - James Gulley ( born 1965 ) - former professional basketball player for Ironi Ramat Gan in the Israeli Basketball Premier League - Midde Hamrin β Olympian marathon runner - Marvin Hayes β artist - Clay Hensley β pitcher , Houston Astros - Clarence Kea β NBA player - Nick Lampson β former Congressman ; served in the U.S . House of Representatives from two Texas districts - Bill Macatee β TV sports announcer - Bob McDill β singer/songwriter - Kevin Millar β MLB World Champion , Boston Red Sox - Wayne Moore β retired NFL player - Claude H . Nash β CEO of Bloodstone Ventures ; researcher - Robert Nichols β Texas politician - Bum Phillips β former head coach and general manager of the Houston Oilers - Colin Ridgeway β Australian Olympian ; former NFL player ; first Australian to play in the NFL - Brian Sanches β pitcher , Philadelphia Phillies - Elvin Santos β former Vice President of Honduras - Eugene Seale β former NFL player - Chris Stroud β PGA Tour professional golfer - Lynn Sweat β artist and illustrator of Amelia Bedelia childrens books - Billy Tubbs β former college basketball coach - Jerry Wilkerson β artist - Ray Woodard β head football coach , NFL player - Jen Wyatt β Canadian LPGA golfer - Anthony Iapoce β Former Major League Baseball Player . Current Hitting coach for the Chicago Cubs People associated with Lamar . - Steve Molyneux β UK educational leader and Microsoft Professor of Global Educational Leadership - Al Vincent β Major League Baseball coach External links . - Lamar Athletics website
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[
"Lamar College"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lamar University ( Lamar or LU ) is a public university in Beaumont , Texas . Lamar has been a member of the Texas State University System since 1995 . It was the flagship institution of the former Lamar University System . As of the fall of 2020 , the university enrollment was 17,488 students . Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board reportable enrollment was 15,799 Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas .",
"title": "Lamar University"
},
{
"text": " Louis R . Pietzsch founded a public junior college in Beaumonts South Park . Lamar University started on September 17 , 1923 as South Park Junior College , operating on the unused third floor of the new South Park High School . Pietzsch acted as the first president of the college . South Park Junior College became the first college in Texas to receive Texas Department of Education approval during the first year of operation , and became fully accredited in 1925 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1932 , the college administration , recognizing that the junior college was serving the region rather than just the community , renamed it as Lamar College . It was named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas , who arranged to set aside land in counties for public schools . A statue of him was installed in the quadrangle of the campus near the Setzer Student Center . In 1933 , the college was moving toward independence from South Park High School when construction began on new facilities . By 1942 ,",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the college was completely independent of the South Park school district , and operations moved to the current campus .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " With the end of World War II , an influx of veterans boosted enrollment . The Lamar board of trustees asked the Texas Legislature to promote Lamar College to a four-year state college . The initial attempt in 1947 , led in the Texas House of Representatives by Jack Brooks and in the Texas Senate by W . R . Cousins Jr. , failed , but the following year the two sponsors again advanced the bill through both houses . On June 14 , 1949 , Governor Beauford Jester signed the bill creating Lamar State College of Technology .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Enrollment continued to grow throughout the 1950s and 1960s , reaching 10,000 students . Graduate work was authorized in 1960 , when masters degrees were offered in several fields . In 1969 , Lamar State College opened its first branch at a center in Orange , Texas . In 1970 , Lamar State College began offering its first doctoral program , the Doctor of Engineering . In 1971 the colleges name was officially changed to Lamar University .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "A group of African American veterans of World War II , barred from admission on the grounds of race and calling themselves the Negro Goodwill Council , protested to Governor Beauford Jester about the exclusion of blacks from Lamar State College . They attempted to block passage of the bill to change Lamar into a state-supported senior college , which resulted in John Gray , Lamars president , creating a black branch of Lamar called Jefferson Junior College . It opened with evening classes at Charlton-Pollard High School . In 1952 , James Briscoe , a graduate of Charlton-Pollard High",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "School , applied to Lamar . His parents were laborers and members of the Beaumont chapter of the NAACP . The admissions office notified him that on the basis of his transcript , he was qualified to enroll for the spring term of 1951 . On January 29 , when Briscoe went to register for classes , Lamars acting president G . A . Wimberly explained that a mistake had been made and suggested he apply to TSUN , now named Texas Southern University . State law , he said , created Lamar for whites only . In the summer",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "of 1955 , Versie Jackson and Henry Cooper Jr . became the lead plaintiffs of a class action lawsuit , Jackson v . McDonald , which sought to end Lamars policy of racial segregation . Lamar Cecil , federal judge , ruled on July 30 , 1956 , that Lamars βwhite youthβ only admissions policy was unconstitutional and that September , a total of twenty-six blacks were admitted to the college amid violent protests at the campus gates and throughout the region for a number of weeks until Texas Rangers arrived and the rule of law restored .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1975 , the university merged with Port Arthur College in Port Arthur , Texas , creating Lamar University-Port Arthur . In 1983 , state Senator Carl A . Parker sponsored a bill creating the Lamar University System . In 1986 , Lamar University-Orange and Lamar University-Port Arthur were granted accreditation separate from the main campus . Lamar Institute of Technology was created in 1990 in Beaumont to provide technical , business , health , and industrial education through programs two years or fewer in length .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "In 1995 , the Lamar University System was incorporated into the Texas State University System . In the fall of 1998 the Lamar University faculty numbered 423 and student enrollment was 8,241 . Total enrollment reached 15,000 students in Fall 2012 . In the late 1990s , Lamar began undertaking campus improvement projects .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": " In 2001 , the University began replacing its 1960s-vintage residence halls with new apartment-style housing facilities , dubbed Cardinal Village . In March 2005 , the gym underwent extensive renovation and adjacent to it , a new recreational sports center was built . The $19 million center , named the Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center , opened in April 2007 .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "In August 2007 , the University completed construction on Cardinal Village IV , a $16-million expansion of its residence halls . The University completed construction of Cardinal Village Phase V in August 2010 bringing on-campus housing capacity to 2,500 students .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": " The University , in anticipation of the return of football program in 2010 , renovated and upgraded Provost Umphrey Stadium ( formerly Cardinal Stadium ) and a new state-of-the-art Dauphin Athletic Complex . In October 2014 , Lamar broke ground for an administration building to be named the Wayne A . Reaud Building . The building houses the newly established Reaud Honors College . Another recent project included renovation of the Setzer Student Center . The renovation project had a $28,000,000 cost . The renovated building was opened on April 12 , 2018 .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "Lamar offers 96 undergraduate , 50 masters and eight doctoral degree programs in seven academic colleges . The academic colleges are the College of Engineering , College of Education and Human Development , College of Business , College of Fine Arts and Communication , the College of Arts and Sciences , the College of Graduate Studies , and the Reaud Honors College . Lamar is classified as a Doctoral Research University by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and is one of only two universities classified as such within the Texas State University System . Lamar and Kunming",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "University of Science and Technology in southwest China have an exchange program that allows Chinese students to attend Lamar for one year while pursuing their bachelors degree .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "The university also has many academic units that fall outside of the five main colleges . The College of Graduate Studies handles graduate students . The Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement offers training and support to faculty and runs the universitys Active and Collaborative Engagement for Students ( ACES ) Program . The ACES program is designed to provide support to high risk students and integrate active learning methods into all core courses at LU . The university also provides secondary education through the Texas Academy for Leadership in the Humanities , stateu.com and the Texas Governors School .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2009 , Lamar University partnered with the University of Texas at Arlington to create an online dual credit program for high school students in Texas , stateu.com . The partnership between the two universities operates at the website stateu.com . Online dual credit courses are available for free to high school students through state funding via House Bill 3646 . The BAAS online degree completion program , an expansion of a degree the university has offered for almost 20 years , is offered online through Lamar University Academic Partnerships .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "Recognition , awards and ranking .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "In August 2010 , the American Council of Trustees and Alumni ( ACTA ) released a study on core curriculum standards for 715 four-year institutions . The study compared colleges on their commitment to core subjects deemed essential to a well-rounded , competitive education . Lamar was one of only 16 institutions to receive an A rating . The study was featured in the Washington Post with a tag line Forget Harvard and think Lamar . In October 2010 , the university announced they would raise admission standards for the second time in two years because of the increased enrollment",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": ". The enrollment standards increase took effect in the fall of 2011 .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " Lamar was ranked in Tier Two of National Universities by the U.S . News & World Reports 2015 ranking . According to the site , 76.6% of students who applied to Lamar in 2013 were admitted . Lamar is ranked in several 2015 U.S . News & World Report categories . - Best Nursing Schools β 181 ( tied ) - Best Speech-Language Pathology β 220 - Best Online Bachelors Programs β 47 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Justice Programs β 31 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Education Programs β 35 ( tied )",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "- Best Online Graduate Nursing Programs β 74 ( tied )",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " The College of Engineering has 10 research centers under its authority . These are coordinated under the Texas Centers for Technology Incubation ( TCTI ) . The college also participates in the Texas Space Grant Consortium , which sponsors research on space based technologies .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": "The Dan F . Smith Department of Chemical Engineering was established with a $5 million donation from Dan F . Smith in 2009 . The program continually produces the same or more M.S . in Chemical Engineering graduates than universities such as Stanford , IIT and MIT . The building housing the Ph.D . in Chemical Engineering program was dedicated the Charles and Eleanor Garrett Engineering Center in Fall 2012 .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering offers eight degree programs . The Philip M . Drayer Department of Electrical Engineering was endowed with a $5 million gift from Philip M . Drayer in 2007 . The department has many successful alumni in the industry including Phil Drayer ( LUEE β67 ) , and Charles Garrett ( LUEE β59 ) inventor and founder of Garrett Metal Detectors .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": "The Industrial Engineering department offers two undergraduate degrees : B.S . Industrial Engineering , and B.S . in Industrial Technology ; and four graduate degrees : Master of Engineering Industrial Engineering , Master of Science Industrial Engineering , Doctor of Engineering in Industrial Engineering , and Master of Engineering Management .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The Mechanical Engineering department offers both undergraduate degree ( B.S ) as well as graduate degrees , consisting of degrees programs in Master of Engineering ( M.E. ) , Master of Engineering Science ( M.E.S ) and Doctor of Engineering ( D.E. ) . The department is affiliated with ASME and ASTM .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The University established the College of Business in 1972 . Prior to this time , degrees in business and economics were granted by the Division of Business , which was established in 1951 , and the School of Business , established in 1954 . All undergraduate and graduate degree programs of the College of Business are accredited by AACSB International . Four departments β Accounting and Business Law ; Economics and Finance ; Information Systems and Analysis ; and Management and Marketing β make up the",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "College of Business . The Bachelor of Business Administration degree is granted in all areas . A Bachelor of Science degree is granted in Economics . In Fall 2008 , the College of Business acquired a new program , the Reese Construction Management program , with a $1.25 million donation from Jerry and Sheila Reese . The program is headed by Steve McCrary Ph.D .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The Aspen Institute Center for Business Educations 2011β2012 edition of Beyond Grey Pinstripes ranked Lamars MBA program in the top 100 in the world for the third consecutive year . In November 2010 , Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen created the Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment in the College of Business . The endowment will provide graduate students and faculty with opportunities to gain first-hand knowledge of the global marketplace . Students taking advantage of the Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment will travel abroad accompanied by a College of Business faculty Steinhagen Global Fellow . They",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "will participate in classes and seminars with other students , visit businesses and experience the culture of the country β all at an advanced level .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " Through the Entrepreneurship Lecture Series , endowed by a business alumnus , students and faculty have the opportunity to be inspired by the worlds leading entrepreneurs . The series brings high profile and dynamic speakers to the campus yearly . College of Education and Human Development . The College of Education and Human Development comprises five departments : Educational Leadership , Family & Consumer Sciences , Health & Kinesiology , Counseling and Special Populations and Professional Pedagogy .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The teacher preparation and education graduate programs of the College of Education and Human Development are accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education ( NCATE ) at both the initial teacher preparation and advanced preparation levels . Lamar is among the largest educators of teachers in the nation due to its large Masters in Education program .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " The College hosts the Governors School of Texas , a three-week summer program for gifted high school students . College of Arts and Sciences .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The College of Arts and Sciences fields of study include Physics , Mathematics , Computer Science , Biology , Chemistry , Nursing , Music , English , Earth Science , Foreign Language , History , Political Science , Criminal Justice and Psychology . The College is home to the JoAnne Gay Dishman School of Nursing . The nursing department consists of BSN and ADN degrees . The master of nursing online program in the Lamar University JoAnne Gay Dishman Department of Nursing has been ranked second in the nation for excellence in faculty credentials and training by U.S . News",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "& World Report in Fall 2012 .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The College of Fine Arts and Communication offers degree programs in communication fields such as Journalism and Broadcasting , Speech and Hearing sciences , Sign Language , and Deaf Education . Lamar University is one of five universities in Texas which offer a clinical doctorate in audiology program . Fine arts degree programs such as Art , Theater , Music and Dance department programs are housed in the Music , Theater , and Art buildings . The college is home to the Mary Morgan Moore Department of Music . The department of communications operates LUTV , a local educational access",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "television station , and KVLU ( FM 91.3 ) a National Public Radio station . The Department of Arts faculty includes internationally acclaimed artists Keith Carter and Prince Varughese Thomas .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " The Reaud Honors College , established in the fall of 2014 , became the ninth honors college in the state of Texas . The honors program has been part of the universitys academic offering since 1963 . The 45,000 sq ft Wayne A . Reaud Building , which houses the honors college as well as university administration offices , broke ground on October 7 , 2014 . The honors college is a member of the National Collegiate Honors Council and the Great Plains Honor Council .",
"title": "Reaud Honors College"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University campus is located off of Martin Luther King Boulevard , near U.S . Highway 69 , in the southeast part of Beaumont , Texas . The campus is from the Jack Brooks Regional Airport , from the Neches River and from Downtown Beaumont . The Big Thicket National Preserve , Village Creek State Park , and the Gulf of Mexico are all located within 30 minutes of the school . Facilities include the 10,080 seat Montagne Center , the eight-story Mary and John Gray Library and the 16,000 seat Provost Umphrey Stadium .",
"title": "Campus"
},
{
"text": "Cardinal Village is the universitys community of apartment-style dormitories , part of Lamar Universitys investment in student life on campus . As of 2010 , there were five Phases of Cardinal Village with the capacity to house 2500 students . Each room includes a private bedroom , furnished with the necessities of college life such as a mini-refrigerator , microwave , computer desk , telephone outlets , cable TV access , and easy connectivity to the Universitys network . Cardinal Village housing also offers community centers , study areas , meeting rooms , fitness centers , a swimming pool ,",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "on-site laundry facilities , basketball and volleyball courts , social lounges , and parking . During the summer of 2011 all five phases of Cardinal village were renamed for previously-demolished residence halls on campus : Phase I β Gentry Hall , Phase II β Morris Hall , Phase III β Combs Hall , Phase IV β Campbell Hall and Phase V β Monroe Hall .",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The tallest structure on campus at eight stories , the Mary and John Gray Library serves as a landmark for the university . Named after Mary and John Gray , considered to be the βfirst coupleβ of the university , the red brick structure took two and a half years to complete . The library holds extensive physical and digital collections , including 395,003 physical books , 99,548 e-books , and 142 digital databases , and provides access to current journal content from 48,851 journals . The library provides its users with a variety of digital tools , such as",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "the online catalog and EBSCO EDS , an integrated search discovery system that allows single searches across multiple databases . Faculty and students can gain access to materials not held by our library through a robust interlibrary loan service and document delivery , in which we purchase journal articles on demand at no cost to the user . A service-oriented staff provides face-to-face , phone , and chat research assistance , as well as extensive subject guides and self-paced online tutorials to assist all Lamar users in using library resources to best advantage .",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center was completed in 2007 at a cost of $19 million . The construction included renovation of the McDonald Gym , which had previously served as the universitys sports center and home of the volleyball program . The naming of the center was made possible by a $5 million donation by local attorney Walter Umphrey in 2005 . The center includes a cardiovascular room , a one-tenth-mile walking/jogging track , a climbing wall , basketball , indoor floor hockey/soccer arena , volleyball , badminton courts , and racquetball courts . The center also sports a",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "wellness and fitness center , health food cafΓ© and juice bar . The lounge areas include pool tables , putting green , air hockey , foosball , video games and large screen TV . The center is home to the Recreational Sports Office , which organizes and hosts intramural sports leagues and sport clubs teams such as volleyball , basketball , flag football , cricket , badminton , indoor soccer , pool , ultimate frisbee , and tennis . The tennis club made back-to-back appearances at the national tournament as they won Club of the Year for 2015 and 2016",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The Universitys Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall was completed in 2006 for $6.2 million and is named for Southeast Texas congressman Jack Brooks and former Texas governor Allan Shivers . The hall is set on a food court-style floor plan that offers a variety of seating areas from barstools to booths . Dining options range from a salad bar , grill and central bakery to pizza , stir fry , Mexican food , pasta , deli and soup stations . The facility has interiors which include artwork created by Lamar University art students and faculty . On-campus food services are provided by",
"title": "Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall"
},
{
"text": "external company Chartwells , which , in addition to the dining hall , provides options including franchised fast food chains and coffee shops .",
"title": "Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall"
},
{
"text": " The Setzer Student Center ( or the Set , as it is known by students ) hosts social and cultural activities throughout the year and is the hub for campus student organizations . The lounge areas , Mirabeaus CafΓ© and the Cardinals Nest eatery provide students with a place to socialize and relax . The Setzer Center also houses the bookstore , which stocks textbooks , school supplies , and Lamar University/Lamar Cardinals merchandise . Administrative divisions located in the Set include the Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement and the Office of Planning and Assessment .",
"title": "Setzer Student Center"
},
{
"text": "During the Spring 2012 semester , the Student Government Association , led by then-president Andrew Greenberg , passed a student-wide referendum to finance renovation and remodeling the Setzer Student Center . The vote was passed with 81% approval . The $28 million project was completed in 2018 with reopening of the center on April 12 , 2018 .",
"title": "Setzer Student Center"
},
{
"text": " The Dishman Art Museum serves as a teaching facility and art museum for Lamar . It was established in 1983 . The museum offers students an opportunity to experience diverse styles that reflect international trends , as well as a chance to exhibit their own work . Admission is free . The museums permanent collection includes 19th- and 20th-century paintings from American and European artists , as well as tribal art from Africa , New Guinea , and Pre-Columbian Mexico .",
"title": "Dishman Art Museum"
},
{
"text": " The Spindletop-Gladys City Museum is an open-air museum . The museum commemorates the 1901 discovery of oil by the Lucas Gusher in Beaumont . The oil discovery was located on Spindletop salt dome in South Beaumont . The boomtown that sprung up around the well was known as Gladys City . 100,000 barrels of oil were soon produced per day , making it the most productive in the world at that time . This productivity sparked an oil boom in Texas that continues to this day .",
"title": "Spindletop-Gladys City Museum"
},
{
"text": "The Lamar Cardinals ( or Cards ) refers to the collegiate athletic teams of Lamar University . The inception of the nickname Cardinals dates back to the schools name change to Lamar in 1932 . The teams compete in NCAA Division I athletics for all of its varsity sports . Lamar has participated in practically every level of collegiate athletics from its inception as a junior college in 1923 to its gaining university status in 1971 . Lamar fields teams in each of the seventeen sports the Southland Conference sponsors . Lamar sponsors fifteen teams ( seven mens and eight",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": "womens ) that compete in the NCAAs Southland Conference for those seventeen sports . The newest teams are the reinstated football team beginning in 2010 , and womens softball which began play in the 2013 season . With the addition of softball , Lamar is the only Southland Conference program to sponsor all mens and womens sports .",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": " The Cardinals participate in mens and womens basketball , golf , indoor and outdoor track and field , cross country , tennis , womens soccer , softball and volleyball , and mens baseball and football .",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": "Under former head coach Larry Kennan , Cardinal fans responded when he delivered a 6-3-2 club in 1979 , his first season with the team . Lamar set all-time attendance records under Kennan by averaging 16,380 in 1980 . Games against Louisiana Tech ( 17,600 ) and West Texas State ( 17,250 ) rank second and third , respectively , behind the standing-room-only 18,500 Baylor drew for the 1980 opener . The football programs signature win came on September 5 , 1981 in Waco ; the Cardinals triumphed with an 18β17 win over the UPI #20 ranked Baylor Bears .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "In 1987 Lamar football went independent to join the American South Conference , and the program was dropped altogether in 1989 .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "On January 30 , 2008 , 78% of Lamar students voted to approve the athletics fee required for footballs resurrection . This vote set in motion the football teams return for the 2010 season . Regents of The Texas State University System approved the athletics fee to reinstate football at its regular meeting February 20 , 2008 . On May 19 , 2008 , Ray Woodard was chosen as head coach for the football program . Thanks to a major gift from an anonymous donor , the football field now bears the name W.S . βBudβ Leonard Field , named",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "for a former player and longtime Lamar advocate and regent .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University Cardinals football team returned to the gridiron after a 21-year hiatus , on September 4 , 2010 . The first-year squad compiled a respectable 5β6 record . The Cardinals opened Southland Conference play in 2011 . The return of football to Lamar University is in part due to a generous donation from Beaumont-based law firm Provost Umphrey . To help renovate the stadium , Walter Umphrey and his wife Sheila also made a personal donation . The stadium is now named Provost Umphrey Stadium .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "In December 2016 , Mike Schultz was named the programs second head coach since its return . After recording just one winning record in its first nine seasons since being brought back , Schultz guided the Cardinals to a 7β5 record and a third-place finish in the Southland Conference in just his second season . After a 1β4 start to the year , LU closed the regular season by rattling off six-straight wins to earn the programs first berth in the NCAA FCS Playoffs where it faced Northern Iowa .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": " Founded in 1924 , the mens and womens basketball teams at Lamar have both advanced deep into the NCAA tournament . The mens team has four NIT appearances , six NCAA tournament appearances , four second round appearances , and one sweet 16 appearance . The womens team has four WNIT appearance , two NCAA tournament appearances , and one Elite Eight appearance .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": "The mens program has been coached by fourteen head coaches including Billy Tubbs , Pat Foster , Pat Knight and Tic Price , the current head coach . The womens team has been coached by thirteen head coaches including current head coach , Aqua Franklin .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": " Over the years , both the mens and womens programs have had the highest average attendance in the Southland Conference . Both play in the 10,080-seat Montagne Center .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": "The Lamar Cardinals baseball team represents Lamar University and competes in the Southland Conference , and is an NCAA Division I program . Current head coach Will Davis was hired from LSU in January 2016 to replace legendary coach Jim Gilligan . A former player , Gilligan guided the program for all but five seasons ( 1987β91 ) from 1973 through 2016 . The LU Hall of Honor and Texas Baseball Hall of Fame member won more than 1,300 games during his career . The Cardinals baseball teams lead the Southland Conference with 10 regular season titles and has participated",
"title": "Baseball"
},
{
"text": "in the NCAA Division I Regionals 13 times .",
"title": "Baseball"
},
{
"text": " In fall 2018 , Lamar enrolled almost 15,000 students . The student body was 36% male and 64% female . Ethnically , 47% identified as White , 25% Black/African-American , 18% Hispanic or Latino , 4% Asian , 3% International , and 2% Other .",
"title": "Student demographics"
},
{
"text": " The University Press , also known as the UP , is the student newspaper of Lamar . The paper was previously known as the SPark Plug and the Red Bird before becoming the University Press in recognition of Lamar gaining university status in 1971 .",
"title": "University Press"
},
{
"text": "91.3 FM KVLU public radio is an NPR affiliate station broadcasting throughout southeast Texas . It is licensed to Lamar University with studios located on campus and a transmitter site located in Rose City . Launched in 1974 , the station operates independently and features a diverse 24/7 schedule of programs including NPR news morning , midday and afternoon as well as locally produced music programs , local features and radio documentaries , etc . As part of the Universitys College of Fine Arts and Communication and the Lamar University Media Alliance , KVLU also serves as a real world",
"title": "KVLU"
},
{
"text": "laboratory , providing training in audio broadcasting and radio production for students interested in pursuing careers in communication . The station is largely member supported with additional support coming from the University and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as well as program underwriters .",
"title": "KVLU"
},
{
"text": " LUTV News is the weekly newscast produced by students in the Department of Communication at Lamar University . Broadcast journalism students are required to pitch , shoot , write and edit news content for each weeks 30-minute program . Production is led by student producers , directors and crew members , which gives students practical news production experience . LUTV News is broadcast via Spectrum Cable on LUTV-7 in Beaumont , Texas .",
"title": "LUTV"
},
{
"text": " Airing on Time Warner Digital Cable channels 0007 and 6.7 , LUTV is the official channel of Lamar University and is owned and operated by the Department of Communication and Media . Ch . 7 airs a wide array of programming such as student/faculty films and artworks , promotional videos , distinguished lectures and events , sports games , talk shows , student produced newscasts , public domain films , and documentaries .",
"title": "LUTV Channel 7"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University Media Alliance ( LUMA ) , consisting of KVLU public radio ( 91.3 FM ) ; LUTV Productions and LUTV 7 Cablecasting provides outreach programming to serve the general public and hands-on instructional opportunities for students .",
"title": "LUMA"
},
{
"text": " Lamar boasts 19 national fraternities and sororities . College Panhellenic Council ( CPC ) is the governing body for the three National Pan-Hellenic Council chapters at LU . National Pan-Hellenic Council ( NPHC ) governs the nine historically African American fraternities and sororities . The Inter-Fraternity Council ( IFC ) governs mens fraternities . The Multicultural Greek Council ( MGC ) governs three multicultural Greek-letter organizations , two sororities and one fraternity .",
"title": "Greeks"
},
{
"text": " - Alpha Phi Alpha - Sigma Phi Delta - Alpha Tau Omega - Pi Kappa Alpha - Sigma Nu - Phi Beta Sigma - Kappa Alpha Psi - Kappa Alpha Order - Omega Psi Phi - Phi Iota Alpha",
"title": "Fraternities"
},
{
"text": " - Alpha Delta Pi - Zeta Tau Alpha - Kappa Delta Chi - Alpha Kappa Alpha - Alpha Chi Omega - Delta Sigma Theta - Zeta Phi Beta - Sigma Gamma Rho - Sigma Sigma Rho",
"title": "Sororities"
},
{
"text": " The Alumni of Lamar University have gone on to distinguish themselves in every aspect of society . The school has an alumni base numbering over 75,000 . Lamar has the highest median starting and mid-career salary of the four universities in the Texas State University System . Several Cardinals have gone on to distinguish themselves nationally and internationally in sports , such as PGA Tour golfer Chris Stroud , MLB player Kevin Millar , and college coaches such as Billy Tubbs and Jim Gilligan .",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "Jack Brooks , Nick Lampson and Elvin Santos have gone on to be national politicians .",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - John Alexander β painter - Kelly Asbury β film director , screenwriter , voice actor , childrens book author and illustrator , non-fiction author - Bruce Aven β retired Major League Baseball player - Brian Birdwell ( B.S. , criminal justice , 1984 ) β member of the Texas State Senate and survivor of the Pentagon attack of September 11 , 2001 - Ronnie Black β PGA Tour professional golfer - Jack Brooks β former Congressman , served more than 40 years in the U.S . House of Representatives - Keith Carter β photographer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Trevor Dodds β Namibian professional golfer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Johnny Fuller β former defensive back , San Francisco 49ers - Jim Gilligan β one of the NCAAs most winning baseball coaches - James Gulley ( born 1965 ) - former professional basketball player for Ironi Ramat Gan in the Israeli Basketball Premier League - Midde Hamrin β Olympian marathon runner - Marvin Hayes β artist - Clay Hensley β pitcher , Houston Astros - Clarence Kea β NBA player - Nick Lampson β former Congressman ; served in the U.S . House of Representatives from two Texas districts - Bill Macatee β TV sports announcer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Bob McDill β singer/songwriter",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Kevin Millar β MLB World Champion , Boston Red Sox - Wayne Moore β retired NFL player - Claude H . Nash β CEO of Bloodstone Ventures ; researcher - Robert Nichols β Texas politician - Bum Phillips β former head coach and general manager of the Houston Oilers - Colin Ridgeway β Australian Olympian ; former NFL player ; first Australian to play in the NFL - Brian Sanches β pitcher , Philadelphia Phillies - Elvin Santos β former Vice President of Honduras - Eugene Seale β former NFL player",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Chris Stroud β PGA Tour professional golfer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Lynn Sweat β artist and illustrator of Amelia Bedelia childrens books - Billy Tubbs β former college basketball coach - Jerry Wilkerson β artist - Ray Woodard β head football coach , NFL player - Jen Wyatt β Canadian LPGA golfer - Anthony Iapoce β Former Major League Baseball Player . Current Hitting coach for the Chicago Cubs People associated with Lamar . - Steve Molyneux β UK educational leader and Microsoft Professor of Global Educational Leadership - Al Vincent β Major League Baseball coach",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Lamar Athletics website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Lamar_University#P1448#2
|
Lamar University was officially named what in Feb 1965?
|
Lamar University Lamar University ( Lamar or LU ) is a public university in Beaumont , Texas . Lamar has been a member of the Texas State University System since 1995 . It was the flagship institution of the former Lamar University System . As of the fall of 2020 , the university enrollment was 17,488 students . Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board reportable enrollment was 15,799 Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas . History . Louis R . Pietzsch founded a public junior college in Beaumonts South Park . Lamar University started on September 17 , 1923 as South Park Junior College , operating on the unused third floor of the new South Park High School . Pietzsch acted as the first president of the college . South Park Junior College became the first college in Texas to receive Texas Department of Education approval during the first year of operation , and became fully accredited in 1925 . In 1932 , the college administration , recognizing that the junior college was serving the region rather than just the community , renamed it as Lamar College . It was named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas , who arranged to set aside land in counties for public schools . A statue of him was installed in the quadrangle of the campus near the Setzer Student Center . In 1933 , the college was moving toward independence from South Park High School when construction began on new facilities . By 1942 , the college was completely independent of the South Park school district , and operations moved to the current campus . With the end of World War II , an influx of veterans boosted enrollment . The Lamar board of trustees asked the Texas Legislature to promote Lamar College to a four-year state college . The initial attempt in 1947 , led in the Texas House of Representatives by Jack Brooks and in the Texas Senate by W . R . Cousins Jr. , failed , but the following year the two sponsors again advanced the bill through both houses . On June 14 , 1949 , Governor Beauford Jester signed the bill creating Lamar State College of Technology . Enrollment continued to grow throughout the 1950s and 1960s , reaching 10,000 students . Graduate work was authorized in 1960 , when masters degrees were offered in several fields . In 1969 , Lamar State College opened its first branch at a center in Orange , Texas . In 1970 , Lamar State College began offering its first doctoral program , the Doctor of Engineering . In 1971 the colleges name was officially changed to Lamar University . A group of African American veterans of World War II , barred from admission on the grounds of race and calling themselves the Negro Goodwill Council , protested to Governor Beauford Jester about the exclusion of blacks from Lamar State College . They attempted to block passage of the bill to change Lamar into a state-supported senior college , which resulted in John Gray , Lamars president , creating a black branch of Lamar called Jefferson Junior College . It opened with evening classes at Charlton-Pollard High School . In 1952 , James Briscoe , a graduate of Charlton-Pollard High School , applied to Lamar . His parents were laborers and members of the Beaumont chapter of the NAACP . The admissions office notified him that on the basis of his transcript , he was qualified to enroll for the spring term of 1951 . On January 29 , when Briscoe went to register for classes , Lamars acting president G . A . Wimberly explained that a mistake had been made and suggested he apply to TSUN , now named Texas Southern University . State law , he said , created Lamar for whites only . In the summer of 1955 , Versie Jackson and Henry Cooper Jr . became the lead plaintiffs of a class action lawsuit , Jackson v . McDonald , which sought to end Lamars policy of racial segregation . Lamar Cecil , federal judge , ruled on July 30 , 1956 , that Lamars βwhite youthβ only admissions policy was unconstitutional and that September , a total of twenty-six blacks were admitted to the college amid violent protests at the campus gates and throughout the region for a number of weeks until Texas Rangers arrived and the rule of law restored . Recent history . In 1975 , the university merged with Port Arthur College in Port Arthur , Texas , creating Lamar University-Port Arthur . In 1983 , state Senator Carl A . Parker sponsored a bill creating the Lamar University System . In 1986 , Lamar University-Orange and Lamar University-Port Arthur were granted accreditation separate from the main campus . Lamar Institute of Technology was created in 1990 in Beaumont to provide technical , business , health , and industrial education through programs two years or fewer in length . In 1995 , the Lamar University System was incorporated into the Texas State University System . In the fall of 1998 the Lamar University faculty numbered 423 and student enrollment was 8,241 . Total enrollment reached 15,000 students in Fall 2012 . In the late 1990s , Lamar began undertaking campus improvement projects . In 2001 , the University began replacing its 1960s-vintage residence halls with new apartment-style housing facilities , dubbed Cardinal Village . In March 2005 , the gym underwent extensive renovation and adjacent to it , a new recreational sports center was built . The $19 million center , named the Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center , opened in April 2007 . In August 2007 , the University completed construction on Cardinal Village IV , a $16-million expansion of its residence halls . The University completed construction of Cardinal Village Phase V in August 2010 bringing on-campus housing capacity to 2,500 students . The University , in anticipation of the return of football program in 2010 , renovated and upgraded Provost Umphrey Stadium ( formerly Cardinal Stadium ) and a new state-of-the-art Dauphin Athletic Complex . In October 2014 , Lamar broke ground for an administration building to be named the Wayne A . Reaud Building . The building houses the newly established Reaud Honors College . Another recent project included renovation of the Setzer Student Center . The renovation project had a $28,000,000 cost . The renovated building was opened on April 12 , 2018 . Academics . Lamar offers 96 undergraduate , 50 masters and eight doctoral degree programs in seven academic colleges . The academic colleges are the College of Engineering , College of Education and Human Development , College of Business , College of Fine Arts and Communication , the College of Arts and Sciences , the College of Graduate Studies , and the Reaud Honors College . Lamar is classified as a Doctoral Research University by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and is one of only two universities classified as such within the Texas State University System . Lamar and Kunming University of Science and Technology in southwest China have an exchange program that allows Chinese students to attend Lamar for one year while pursuing their bachelors degree . The university also has many academic units that fall outside of the five main colleges . The College of Graduate Studies handles graduate students . The Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement offers training and support to faculty and runs the universitys Active and Collaborative Engagement for Students ( ACES ) Program . The ACES program is designed to provide support to high risk students and integrate active learning methods into all core courses at LU . The university also provides secondary education through the Texas Academy for Leadership in the Humanities , stateu.com and the Texas Governors School . In the summer of 2009 , Lamar University partnered with the University of Texas at Arlington to create an online dual credit program for high school students in Texas , stateu.com . The partnership between the two universities operates at the website stateu.com . Online dual credit courses are available for free to high school students through state funding via House Bill 3646 . The BAAS online degree completion program , an expansion of a degree the university has offered for almost 20 years , is offered online through Lamar University Academic Partnerships . Recognition , awards and ranking . In August 2010 , the American Council of Trustees and Alumni ( ACTA ) released a study on core curriculum standards for 715 four-year institutions . The study compared colleges on their commitment to core subjects deemed essential to a well-rounded , competitive education . Lamar was one of only 16 institutions to receive an A rating . The study was featured in the Washington Post with a tag line Forget Harvard and think Lamar . In October 2010 , the university announced they would raise admission standards for the second time in two years because of the increased enrollment . The enrollment standards increase took effect in the fall of 2011 . Lamar was ranked in Tier Two of National Universities by the U.S . News & World Reports 2015 ranking . According to the site , 76.6% of students who applied to Lamar in 2013 were admitted . Lamar is ranked in several 2015 U.S . News & World Report categories . - Best Nursing Schools β 181 ( tied ) - Best Speech-Language Pathology β 220 - Best Online Bachelors Programs β 47 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Justice Programs β 31 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Education Programs β 35 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Nursing Programs β 74 ( tied ) Lamar was ranked #602 in Forbes 2014 Americas Top Colleges report . College of Engineering . The College of Engineering has 10 research centers under its authority . These are coordinated under the Texas Centers for Technology Incubation ( TCTI ) . The college also participates in the Texas Space Grant Consortium , which sponsors research on space based technologies . The Dan F . Smith Department of Chemical Engineering was established with a $5 million donation from Dan F . Smith in 2009 . The program continually produces the same or more M.S . in Chemical Engineering graduates than universities such as Stanford , IIT and MIT . The building housing the Ph.D . in Chemical Engineering program was dedicated the Charles and Eleanor Garrett Engineering Center in Fall 2012 . The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering offers eight degree programs . The Philip M . Drayer Department of Electrical Engineering was endowed with a $5 million gift from Philip M . Drayer in 2007 . The department has many successful alumni in the industry including Phil Drayer ( LUEE β67 ) , and Charles Garrett ( LUEE β59 ) inventor and founder of Garrett Metal Detectors . The Industrial Engineering department offers two undergraduate degrees : B.S . Industrial Engineering , and B.S . in Industrial Technology ; and four graduate degrees : Master of Engineering Industrial Engineering , Master of Science Industrial Engineering , Doctor of Engineering in Industrial Engineering , and Master of Engineering Management . The Mechanical Engineering department offers both undergraduate degree ( B.S ) as well as graduate degrees , consisting of degrees programs in Master of Engineering ( M.E. ) , Master of Engineering Science ( M.E.S ) and Doctor of Engineering ( D.E. ) . The department is affiliated with ASME and ASTM . College of Business . The University established the College of Business in 1972 . Prior to this time , degrees in business and economics were granted by the Division of Business , which was established in 1951 , and the School of Business , established in 1954 . All undergraduate and graduate degree programs of the College of Business are accredited by AACSB International . Four departments β Accounting and Business Law ; Economics and Finance ; Information Systems and Analysis ; and Management and Marketing β make up the College of Business . The Bachelor of Business Administration degree is granted in all areas . A Bachelor of Science degree is granted in Economics . In Fall 2008 , the College of Business acquired a new program , the Reese Construction Management program , with a $1.25 million donation from Jerry and Sheila Reese . The program is headed by Steve McCrary Ph.D . The Aspen Institute Center for Business Educations 2011β2012 edition of Beyond Grey Pinstripes ranked Lamars MBA program in the top 100 in the world for the third consecutive year . In November 2010 , Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen created the Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment in the College of Business . The endowment will provide graduate students and faculty with opportunities to gain first-hand knowledge of the global marketplace . Students taking advantage of the Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment will travel abroad accompanied by a College of Business faculty Steinhagen Global Fellow . They will participate in classes and seminars with other students , visit businesses and experience the culture of the country β all at an advanced level . Through the Entrepreneurship Lecture Series , endowed by a business alumnus , students and faculty have the opportunity to be inspired by the worlds leading entrepreneurs . The series brings high profile and dynamic speakers to the campus yearly . College of Education and Human Development . The College of Education and Human Development comprises five departments : Educational Leadership , Family & Consumer Sciences , Health & Kinesiology , Counseling and Special Populations and Professional Pedagogy . The teacher preparation and education graduate programs of the College of Education and Human Development are accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education ( NCATE ) at both the initial teacher preparation and advanced preparation levels . Lamar is among the largest educators of teachers in the nation due to its large Masters in Education program . The College hosts the Governors School of Texas , a three-week summer program for gifted high school students . College of Arts and Sciences . The College of Arts and Sciences fields of study include Physics , Mathematics , Computer Science , Biology , Chemistry , Nursing , Music , English , Earth Science , Foreign Language , History , Political Science , Criminal Justice and Psychology . The College is home to the JoAnne Gay Dishman School of Nursing . The nursing department consists of BSN and ADN degrees . The master of nursing online program in the Lamar University JoAnne Gay Dishman Department of Nursing has been ranked second in the nation for excellence in faculty credentials and training by U.S . News & World Report in Fall 2012 . College of Fine Arts and Communication . The College of Fine Arts and Communication offers degree programs in communication fields such as Journalism and Broadcasting , Speech and Hearing sciences , Sign Language , and Deaf Education . Lamar University is one of five universities in Texas which offer a clinical doctorate in audiology program . Fine arts degree programs such as Art , Theater , Music and Dance department programs are housed in the Music , Theater , and Art buildings . The college is home to the Mary Morgan Moore Department of Music . The department of communications operates LUTV , a local educational access television station , and KVLU ( FM 91.3 ) a National Public Radio station . The Department of Arts faculty includes internationally acclaimed artists Keith Carter and Prince Varughese Thomas . Reaud Honors College . The Reaud Honors College , established in the fall of 2014 , became the ninth honors college in the state of Texas . The honors program has been part of the universitys academic offering since 1963 . The 45,000 sq ft Wayne A . Reaud Building , which houses the honors college as well as university administration offices , broke ground on October 7 , 2014 . The honors college is a member of the National Collegiate Honors Council and the Great Plains Honor Council . Campus . The Lamar University campus is located off of Martin Luther King Boulevard , near U.S . Highway 69 , in the southeast part of Beaumont , Texas . The campus is from the Jack Brooks Regional Airport , from the Neches River and from Downtown Beaumont . The Big Thicket National Preserve , Village Creek State Park , and the Gulf of Mexico are all located within 30 minutes of the school . Facilities include the 10,080 seat Montagne Center , the eight-story Mary and John Gray Library and the 16,000 seat Provost Umphrey Stadium . Cardinal Village . Cardinal Village is the universitys community of apartment-style dormitories , part of Lamar Universitys investment in student life on campus . As of 2010 , there were five Phases of Cardinal Village with the capacity to house 2500 students . Each room includes a private bedroom , furnished with the necessities of college life such as a mini-refrigerator , microwave , computer desk , telephone outlets , cable TV access , and easy connectivity to the Universitys network . Cardinal Village housing also offers community centers , study areas , meeting rooms , fitness centers , a swimming pool , on-site laundry facilities , basketball and volleyball courts , social lounges , and parking . During the summer of 2011 all five phases of Cardinal village were renamed for previously-demolished residence halls on campus : Phase I β Gentry Hall , Phase II β Morris Hall , Phase III β Combs Hall , Phase IV β Campbell Hall and Phase V β Monroe Hall . Mary and John Gray Library . The tallest structure on campus at eight stories , the Mary and John Gray Library serves as a landmark for the university . Named after Mary and John Gray , considered to be the βfirst coupleβ of the university , the red brick structure took two and a half years to complete . The library holds extensive physical and digital collections , including 395,003 physical books , 99,548 e-books , and 142 digital databases , and provides access to current journal content from 48,851 journals . The library provides its users with a variety of digital tools , such as the online catalog and EBSCO EDS , an integrated search discovery system that allows single searches across multiple databases . Faculty and students can gain access to materials not held by our library through a robust interlibrary loan service and document delivery , in which we purchase journal articles on demand at no cost to the user . A service-oriented staff provides face-to-face , phone , and chat research assistance , as well as extensive subject guides and self-paced online tutorials to assist all Lamar users in using library resources to best advantage . Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center . The Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center was completed in 2007 at a cost of $19 million . The construction included renovation of the McDonald Gym , which had previously served as the universitys sports center and home of the volleyball program . The naming of the center was made possible by a $5 million donation by local attorney Walter Umphrey in 2005 . The center includes a cardiovascular room , a one-tenth-mile walking/jogging track , a climbing wall , basketball , indoor floor hockey/soccer arena , volleyball , badminton courts , and racquetball courts . The center also sports a wellness and fitness center , health food cafΓ© and juice bar . The lounge areas include pool tables , putting green , air hockey , foosball , video games and large screen TV . The center is home to the Recreational Sports Office , which organizes and hosts intramural sports leagues and sport clubs teams such as volleyball , basketball , flag football , cricket , badminton , indoor soccer , pool , ultimate frisbee , and tennis . The tennis club made back-to-back appearances at the national tournament as they won Club of the Year for 2015 and 2016 . Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall . The Universitys Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall was completed in 2006 for $6.2 million and is named for Southeast Texas congressman Jack Brooks and former Texas governor Allan Shivers . The hall is set on a food court-style floor plan that offers a variety of seating areas from barstools to booths . Dining options range from a salad bar , grill and central bakery to pizza , stir fry , Mexican food , pasta , deli and soup stations . The facility has interiors which include artwork created by Lamar University art students and faculty . On-campus food services are provided by external company Chartwells , which , in addition to the dining hall , provides options including franchised fast food chains and coffee shops . Setzer Student Center . The Setzer Student Center ( or the Set , as it is known by students ) hosts social and cultural activities throughout the year and is the hub for campus student organizations . The lounge areas , Mirabeaus CafΓ© and the Cardinals Nest eatery provide students with a place to socialize and relax . The Setzer Center also houses the bookstore , which stocks textbooks , school supplies , and Lamar University/Lamar Cardinals merchandise . Administrative divisions located in the Set include the Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement and the Office of Planning and Assessment . During the Spring 2012 semester , the Student Government Association , led by then-president Andrew Greenberg , passed a student-wide referendum to finance renovation and remodeling the Setzer Student Center . The vote was passed with 81% approval . The $28 million project was completed in 2018 with reopening of the center on April 12 , 2018 . Dishman Art Museum . The Dishman Art Museum serves as a teaching facility and art museum for Lamar . It was established in 1983 . The museum offers students an opportunity to experience diverse styles that reflect international trends , as well as a chance to exhibit their own work . Admission is free . The museums permanent collection includes 19th- and 20th-century paintings from American and European artists , as well as tribal art from Africa , New Guinea , and Pre-Columbian Mexico . Spindletop-Gladys City Museum . The Spindletop-Gladys City Museum is an open-air museum . The museum commemorates the 1901 discovery of oil by the Lucas Gusher in Beaumont . The oil discovery was located on Spindletop salt dome in South Beaumont . The boomtown that sprung up around the well was known as Gladys City . 100,000 barrels of oil were soon produced per day , making it the most productive in the world at that time . This productivity sparked an oil boom in Texas that continues to this day . Athletics . The Lamar Cardinals ( or Cards ) refers to the collegiate athletic teams of Lamar University . The inception of the nickname Cardinals dates back to the schools name change to Lamar in 1932 . The teams compete in NCAA Division I athletics for all of its varsity sports . Lamar has participated in practically every level of collegiate athletics from its inception as a junior college in 1923 to its gaining university status in 1971 . Lamar fields teams in each of the seventeen sports the Southland Conference sponsors . Lamar sponsors fifteen teams ( seven mens and eight womens ) that compete in the NCAAs Southland Conference for those seventeen sports . The newest teams are the reinstated football team beginning in 2010 , and womens softball which began play in the 2013 season . With the addition of softball , Lamar is the only Southland Conference program to sponsor all mens and womens sports . The Cardinals participate in mens and womens basketball , golf , indoor and outdoor track and field , cross country , tennis , womens soccer , softball and volleyball , and mens baseball and football . Football . Under former head coach Larry Kennan , Cardinal fans responded when he delivered a 6-3-2 club in 1979 , his first season with the team . Lamar set all-time attendance records under Kennan by averaging 16,380 in 1980 . Games against Louisiana Tech ( 17,600 ) and West Texas State ( 17,250 ) rank second and third , respectively , behind the standing-room-only 18,500 Baylor drew for the 1980 opener . The football programs signature win came on September 5 , 1981 in Waco ; the Cardinals triumphed with an 18β17 win over the UPI #20 ranked Baylor Bears . In 1987 Lamar football went independent to join the American South Conference , and the program was dropped altogether in 1989 . On January 30 , 2008 , 78% of Lamar students voted to approve the athletics fee required for footballs resurrection . This vote set in motion the football teams return for the 2010 season . Regents of The Texas State University System approved the athletics fee to reinstate football at its regular meeting February 20 , 2008 . On May 19 , 2008 , Ray Woodard was chosen as head coach for the football program . Thanks to a major gift from an anonymous donor , the football field now bears the name W.S . βBudβ Leonard Field , named for a former player and longtime Lamar advocate and regent . The Lamar University Cardinals football team returned to the gridiron after a 21-year hiatus , on September 4 , 2010 . The first-year squad compiled a respectable 5β6 record . The Cardinals opened Southland Conference play in 2011 . The return of football to Lamar University is in part due to a generous donation from Beaumont-based law firm Provost Umphrey . To help renovate the stadium , Walter Umphrey and his wife Sheila also made a personal donation . The stadium is now named Provost Umphrey Stadium . In December 2016 , Mike Schultz was named the programs second head coach since its return . After recording just one winning record in its first nine seasons since being brought back , Schultz guided the Cardinals to a 7β5 record and a third-place finish in the Southland Conference in just his second season . After a 1β4 start to the year , LU closed the regular season by rattling off six-straight wins to earn the programs first berth in the NCAA FCS Playoffs where it faced Northern Iowa . Basketball . Founded in 1924 , the mens and womens basketball teams at Lamar have both advanced deep into the NCAA tournament . The mens team has four NIT appearances , six NCAA tournament appearances , four second round appearances , and one sweet 16 appearance . The womens team has four WNIT appearance , two NCAA tournament appearances , and one Elite Eight appearance . The mens program has been coached by fourteen head coaches including Billy Tubbs , Pat Foster , Pat Knight and Tic Price , the current head coach . The womens team has been coached by thirteen head coaches including current head coach , Aqua Franklin . Over the years , both the mens and womens programs have had the highest average attendance in the Southland Conference . Both play in the 10,080-seat Montagne Center . Baseball . The Lamar Cardinals baseball team represents Lamar University and competes in the Southland Conference , and is an NCAA Division I program . Current head coach Will Davis was hired from LSU in January 2016 to replace legendary coach Jim Gilligan . A former player , Gilligan guided the program for all but five seasons ( 1987β91 ) from 1973 through 2016 . The LU Hall of Honor and Texas Baseball Hall of Fame member won more than 1,300 games during his career . The Cardinals baseball teams lead the Southland Conference with 10 regular season titles and has participated in the NCAA Division I Regionals 13 times . Student life . Student demographics . In fall 2018 , Lamar enrolled almost 15,000 students . The student body was 36% male and 64% female . Ethnically , 47% identified as White , 25% Black/African-American , 18% Hispanic or Latino , 4% Asian , 3% International , and 2% Other . Student media . University Press . The University Press , also known as the UP , is the student newspaper of Lamar . The paper was previously known as the SPark Plug and the Red Bird before becoming the University Press in recognition of Lamar gaining university status in 1971 . KVLU . 91.3 FM KVLU public radio is an NPR affiliate station broadcasting throughout southeast Texas . It is licensed to Lamar University with studios located on campus and a transmitter site located in Rose City . Launched in 1974 , the station operates independently and features a diverse 24/7 schedule of programs including NPR news morning , midday and afternoon as well as locally produced music programs , local features and radio documentaries , etc . As part of the Universitys College of Fine Arts and Communication and the Lamar University Media Alliance , KVLU also serves as a real world laboratory , providing training in audio broadcasting and radio production for students interested in pursuing careers in communication . The station is largely member supported with additional support coming from the University and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as well as program underwriters . LUTV . LUTV News is the weekly newscast produced by students in the Department of Communication at Lamar University . Broadcast journalism students are required to pitch , shoot , write and edit news content for each weeks 30-minute program . Production is led by student producers , directors and crew members , which gives students practical news production experience . LUTV News is broadcast via Spectrum Cable on LUTV-7 in Beaumont , Texas . LUTV Channel 7 . Airing on Time Warner Digital Cable channels 0007 and 6.7 , LUTV is the official channel of Lamar University and is owned and operated by the Department of Communication and Media . Ch . 7 airs a wide array of programming such as student/faculty films and artworks , promotional videos , distinguished lectures and events , sports games , talk shows , student produced newscasts , public domain films , and documentaries . LUMA . The Lamar University Media Alliance ( LUMA ) , consisting of KVLU public radio ( 91.3 FM ) ; LUTV Productions and LUTV 7 Cablecasting provides outreach programming to serve the general public and hands-on instructional opportunities for students . Greeks . Lamar boasts 19 national fraternities and sororities . College Panhellenic Council ( CPC ) is the governing body for the three National Pan-Hellenic Council chapters at LU . National Pan-Hellenic Council ( NPHC ) governs the nine historically African American fraternities and sororities . The Inter-Fraternity Council ( IFC ) governs mens fraternities . The Multicultural Greek Council ( MGC ) governs three multicultural Greek-letter organizations , two sororities and one fraternity . Fraternities - Alpha Phi Alpha - Sigma Phi Delta - Alpha Tau Omega - Pi Kappa Alpha - Sigma Nu - Phi Beta Sigma - Kappa Alpha Psi - Kappa Alpha Order - Omega Psi Phi - Phi Iota Alpha Sororities - Alpha Delta Pi - Zeta Tau Alpha - Kappa Delta Chi - Alpha Kappa Alpha - Alpha Chi Omega - Delta Sigma Theta - Zeta Phi Beta - Sigma Gamma Rho - Sigma Sigma Rho Music Greeks - Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia - Kappa Kappa Psi - Tau Beta Sigma Other organizations - Kappa Upsilon Chi - Alpha Kappa Psi - Alpha Omega Epsilon Notable people . Alumni . The Alumni of Lamar University have gone on to distinguish themselves in every aspect of society . The school has an alumni base numbering over 75,000 . Lamar has the highest median starting and mid-career salary of the four universities in the Texas State University System . Several Cardinals have gone on to distinguish themselves nationally and internationally in sports , such as PGA Tour golfer Chris Stroud , MLB player Kevin Millar , and college coaches such as Billy Tubbs and Jim Gilligan . Jack Brooks , Nick Lampson and Elvin Santos have gone on to be national politicians . - John Alexander β painter - Kelly Asbury β film director , screenwriter , voice actor , childrens book author and illustrator , non-fiction author - Bruce Aven β retired Major League Baseball player - Brian Birdwell ( B.S. , criminal justice , 1984 ) β member of the Texas State Senate and survivor of the Pentagon attack of September 11 , 2001 - Ronnie Black β PGA Tour professional golfer - Jack Brooks β former Congressman , served more than 40 years in the U.S . House of Representatives - Keith Carter β photographer - Trevor Dodds β Namibian professional golfer - Johnny Fuller β former defensive back , San Francisco 49ers - Jim Gilligan β one of the NCAAs most winning baseball coaches - James Gulley ( born 1965 ) - former professional basketball player for Ironi Ramat Gan in the Israeli Basketball Premier League - Midde Hamrin β Olympian marathon runner - Marvin Hayes β artist - Clay Hensley β pitcher , Houston Astros - Clarence Kea β NBA player - Nick Lampson β former Congressman ; served in the U.S . House of Representatives from two Texas districts - Bill Macatee β TV sports announcer - Bob McDill β singer/songwriter - Kevin Millar β MLB World Champion , Boston Red Sox - Wayne Moore β retired NFL player - Claude H . Nash β CEO of Bloodstone Ventures ; researcher - Robert Nichols β Texas politician - Bum Phillips β former head coach and general manager of the Houston Oilers - Colin Ridgeway β Australian Olympian ; former NFL player ; first Australian to play in the NFL - Brian Sanches β pitcher , Philadelphia Phillies - Elvin Santos β former Vice President of Honduras - Eugene Seale β former NFL player - Chris Stroud β PGA Tour professional golfer - Lynn Sweat β artist and illustrator of Amelia Bedelia childrens books - Billy Tubbs β former college basketball coach - Jerry Wilkerson β artist - Ray Woodard β head football coach , NFL player - Jen Wyatt β Canadian LPGA golfer - Anthony Iapoce β Former Major League Baseball Player . Current Hitting coach for the Chicago Cubs People associated with Lamar . - Steve Molyneux β UK educational leader and Microsoft Professor of Global Educational Leadership - Al Vincent β Major League Baseball coach External links . - Lamar Athletics website
|
[
"Lamar State College of Technology"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lamar University ( Lamar or LU ) is a public university in Beaumont , Texas . Lamar has been a member of the Texas State University System since 1995 . It was the flagship institution of the former Lamar University System . As of the fall of 2020 , the university enrollment was 17,488 students . Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board reportable enrollment was 15,799 Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas .",
"title": "Lamar University"
},
{
"text": " Louis R . Pietzsch founded a public junior college in Beaumonts South Park . Lamar University started on September 17 , 1923 as South Park Junior College , operating on the unused third floor of the new South Park High School . Pietzsch acted as the first president of the college . South Park Junior College became the first college in Texas to receive Texas Department of Education approval during the first year of operation , and became fully accredited in 1925 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1932 , the college administration , recognizing that the junior college was serving the region rather than just the community , renamed it as Lamar College . It was named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas , who arranged to set aside land in counties for public schools . A statue of him was installed in the quadrangle of the campus near the Setzer Student Center . In 1933 , the college was moving toward independence from South Park High School when construction began on new facilities . By 1942 ,",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the college was completely independent of the South Park school district , and operations moved to the current campus .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " With the end of World War II , an influx of veterans boosted enrollment . The Lamar board of trustees asked the Texas Legislature to promote Lamar College to a four-year state college . The initial attempt in 1947 , led in the Texas House of Representatives by Jack Brooks and in the Texas Senate by W . R . Cousins Jr. , failed , but the following year the two sponsors again advanced the bill through both houses . On June 14 , 1949 , Governor Beauford Jester signed the bill creating Lamar State College of Technology .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Enrollment continued to grow throughout the 1950s and 1960s , reaching 10,000 students . Graduate work was authorized in 1960 , when masters degrees were offered in several fields . In 1969 , Lamar State College opened its first branch at a center in Orange , Texas . In 1970 , Lamar State College began offering its first doctoral program , the Doctor of Engineering . In 1971 the colleges name was officially changed to Lamar University .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "A group of African American veterans of World War II , barred from admission on the grounds of race and calling themselves the Negro Goodwill Council , protested to Governor Beauford Jester about the exclusion of blacks from Lamar State College . They attempted to block passage of the bill to change Lamar into a state-supported senior college , which resulted in John Gray , Lamars president , creating a black branch of Lamar called Jefferson Junior College . It opened with evening classes at Charlton-Pollard High School . In 1952 , James Briscoe , a graduate of Charlton-Pollard High",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "School , applied to Lamar . His parents were laborers and members of the Beaumont chapter of the NAACP . The admissions office notified him that on the basis of his transcript , he was qualified to enroll for the spring term of 1951 . On January 29 , when Briscoe went to register for classes , Lamars acting president G . A . Wimberly explained that a mistake had been made and suggested he apply to TSUN , now named Texas Southern University . State law , he said , created Lamar for whites only . In the summer",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "of 1955 , Versie Jackson and Henry Cooper Jr . became the lead plaintiffs of a class action lawsuit , Jackson v . McDonald , which sought to end Lamars policy of racial segregation . Lamar Cecil , federal judge , ruled on July 30 , 1956 , that Lamars βwhite youthβ only admissions policy was unconstitutional and that September , a total of twenty-six blacks were admitted to the college amid violent protests at the campus gates and throughout the region for a number of weeks until Texas Rangers arrived and the rule of law restored .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1975 , the university merged with Port Arthur College in Port Arthur , Texas , creating Lamar University-Port Arthur . In 1983 , state Senator Carl A . Parker sponsored a bill creating the Lamar University System . In 1986 , Lamar University-Orange and Lamar University-Port Arthur were granted accreditation separate from the main campus . Lamar Institute of Technology was created in 1990 in Beaumont to provide technical , business , health , and industrial education through programs two years or fewer in length .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "In 1995 , the Lamar University System was incorporated into the Texas State University System . In the fall of 1998 the Lamar University faculty numbered 423 and student enrollment was 8,241 . Total enrollment reached 15,000 students in Fall 2012 . In the late 1990s , Lamar began undertaking campus improvement projects .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": " In 2001 , the University began replacing its 1960s-vintage residence halls with new apartment-style housing facilities , dubbed Cardinal Village . In March 2005 , the gym underwent extensive renovation and adjacent to it , a new recreational sports center was built . The $19 million center , named the Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center , opened in April 2007 .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "In August 2007 , the University completed construction on Cardinal Village IV , a $16-million expansion of its residence halls . The University completed construction of Cardinal Village Phase V in August 2010 bringing on-campus housing capacity to 2,500 students .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": " The University , in anticipation of the return of football program in 2010 , renovated and upgraded Provost Umphrey Stadium ( formerly Cardinal Stadium ) and a new state-of-the-art Dauphin Athletic Complex . In October 2014 , Lamar broke ground for an administration building to be named the Wayne A . Reaud Building . The building houses the newly established Reaud Honors College . Another recent project included renovation of the Setzer Student Center . The renovation project had a $28,000,000 cost . The renovated building was opened on April 12 , 2018 .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "Lamar offers 96 undergraduate , 50 masters and eight doctoral degree programs in seven academic colleges . The academic colleges are the College of Engineering , College of Education and Human Development , College of Business , College of Fine Arts and Communication , the College of Arts and Sciences , the College of Graduate Studies , and the Reaud Honors College . Lamar is classified as a Doctoral Research University by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and is one of only two universities classified as such within the Texas State University System . Lamar and Kunming",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "University of Science and Technology in southwest China have an exchange program that allows Chinese students to attend Lamar for one year while pursuing their bachelors degree .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "The university also has many academic units that fall outside of the five main colleges . The College of Graduate Studies handles graduate students . The Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement offers training and support to faculty and runs the universitys Active and Collaborative Engagement for Students ( ACES ) Program . The ACES program is designed to provide support to high risk students and integrate active learning methods into all core courses at LU . The university also provides secondary education through the Texas Academy for Leadership in the Humanities , stateu.com and the Texas Governors School .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2009 , Lamar University partnered with the University of Texas at Arlington to create an online dual credit program for high school students in Texas , stateu.com . The partnership between the two universities operates at the website stateu.com . Online dual credit courses are available for free to high school students through state funding via House Bill 3646 . The BAAS online degree completion program , an expansion of a degree the university has offered for almost 20 years , is offered online through Lamar University Academic Partnerships .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "Recognition , awards and ranking .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "In August 2010 , the American Council of Trustees and Alumni ( ACTA ) released a study on core curriculum standards for 715 four-year institutions . The study compared colleges on their commitment to core subjects deemed essential to a well-rounded , competitive education . Lamar was one of only 16 institutions to receive an A rating . The study was featured in the Washington Post with a tag line Forget Harvard and think Lamar . In October 2010 , the university announced they would raise admission standards for the second time in two years because of the increased enrollment",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": ". The enrollment standards increase took effect in the fall of 2011 .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " Lamar was ranked in Tier Two of National Universities by the U.S . News & World Reports 2015 ranking . According to the site , 76.6% of students who applied to Lamar in 2013 were admitted . Lamar is ranked in several 2015 U.S . News & World Report categories . - Best Nursing Schools β 181 ( tied ) - Best Speech-Language Pathology β 220 - Best Online Bachelors Programs β 47 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Justice Programs β 31 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Education Programs β 35 ( tied )",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "- Best Online Graduate Nursing Programs β 74 ( tied )",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " The College of Engineering has 10 research centers under its authority . These are coordinated under the Texas Centers for Technology Incubation ( TCTI ) . The college also participates in the Texas Space Grant Consortium , which sponsors research on space based technologies .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": "The Dan F . Smith Department of Chemical Engineering was established with a $5 million donation from Dan F . Smith in 2009 . The program continually produces the same or more M.S . in Chemical Engineering graduates than universities such as Stanford , IIT and MIT . The building housing the Ph.D . in Chemical Engineering program was dedicated the Charles and Eleanor Garrett Engineering Center in Fall 2012 .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering offers eight degree programs . The Philip M . Drayer Department of Electrical Engineering was endowed with a $5 million gift from Philip M . Drayer in 2007 . The department has many successful alumni in the industry including Phil Drayer ( LUEE β67 ) , and Charles Garrett ( LUEE β59 ) inventor and founder of Garrett Metal Detectors .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": "The Industrial Engineering department offers two undergraduate degrees : B.S . Industrial Engineering , and B.S . in Industrial Technology ; and four graduate degrees : Master of Engineering Industrial Engineering , Master of Science Industrial Engineering , Doctor of Engineering in Industrial Engineering , and Master of Engineering Management .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The Mechanical Engineering department offers both undergraduate degree ( B.S ) as well as graduate degrees , consisting of degrees programs in Master of Engineering ( M.E. ) , Master of Engineering Science ( M.E.S ) and Doctor of Engineering ( D.E. ) . The department is affiliated with ASME and ASTM .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The University established the College of Business in 1972 . Prior to this time , degrees in business and economics were granted by the Division of Business , which was established in 1951 , and the School of Business , established in 1954 . All undergraduate and graduate degree programs of the College of Business are accredited by AACSB International . Four departments β Accounting and Business Law ; Economics and Finance ; Information Systems and Analysis ; and Management and Marketing β make up the",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "College of Business . The Bachelor of Business Administration degree is granted in all areas . A Bachelor of Science degree is granted in Economics . In Fall 2008 , the College of Business acquired a new program , the Reese Construction Management program , with a $1.25 million donation from Jerry and Sheila Reese . The program is headed by Steve McCrary Ph.D .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The Aspen Institute Center for Business Educations 2011β2012 edition of Beyond Grey Pinstripes ranked Lamars MBA program in the top 100 in the world for the third consecutive year . In November 2010 , Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen created the Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment in the College of Business . The endowment will provide graduate students and faculty with opportunities to gain first-hand knowledge of the global marketplace . Students taking advantage of the Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment will travel abroad accompanied by a College of Business faculty Steinhagen Global Fellow . They",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "will participate in classes and seminars with other students , visit businesses and experience the culture of the country β all at an advanced level .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " Through the Entrepreneurship Lecture Series , endowed by a business alumnus , students and faculty have the opportunity to be inspired by the worlds leading entrepreneurs . The series brings high profile and dynamic speakers to the campus yearly . College of Education and Human Development . The College of Education and Human Development comprises five departments : Educational Leadership , Family & Consumer Sciences , Health & Kinesiology , Counseling and Special Populations and Professional Pedagogy .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The teacher preparation and education graduate programs of the College of Education and Human Development are accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education ( NCATE ) at both the initial teacher preparation and advanced preparation levels . Lamar is among the largest educators of teachers in the nation due to its large Masters in Education program .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " The College hosts the Governors School of Texas , a three-week summer program for gifted high school students . College of Arts and Sciences .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The College of Arts and Sciences fields of study include Physics , Mathematics , Computer Science , Biology , Chemistry , Nursing , Music , English , Earth Science , Foreign Language , History , Political Science , Criminal Justice and Psychology . The College is home to the JoAnne Gay Dishman School of Nursing . The nursing department consists of BSN and ADN degrees . The master of nursing online program in the Lamar University JoAnne Gay Dishman Department of Nursing has been ranked second in the nation for excellence in faculty credentials and training by U.S . News",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "& World Report in Fall 2012 .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The College of Fine Arts and Communication offers degree programs in communication fields such as Journalism and Broadcasting , Speech and Hearing sciences , Sign Language , and Deaf Education . Lamar University is one of five universities in Texas which offer a clinical doctorate in audiology program . Fine arts degree programs such as Art , Theater , Music and Dance department programs are housed in the Music , Theater , and Art buildings . The college is home to the Mary Morgan Moore Department of Music . The department of communications operates LUTV , a local educational access",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "television station , and KVLU ( FM 91.3 ) a National Public Radio station . The Department of Arts faculty includes internationally acclaimed artists Keith Carter and Prince Varughese Thomas .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " The Reaud Honors College , established in the fall of 2014 , became the ninth honors college in the state of Texas . The honors program has been part of the universitys academic offering since 1963 . The 45,000 sq ft Wayne A . Reaud Building , which houses the honors college as well as university administration offices , broke ground on October 7 , 2014 . The honors college is a member of the National Collegiate Honors Council and the Great Plains Honor Council .",
"title": "Reaud Honors College"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University campus is located off of Martin Luther King Boulevard , near U.S . Highway 69 , in the southeast part of Beaumont , Texas . The campus is from the Jack Brooks Regional Airport , from the Neches River and from Downtown Beaumont . The Big Thicket National Preserve , Village Creek State Park , and the Gulf of Mexico are all located within 30 minutes of the school . Facilities include the 10,080 seat Montagne Center , the eight-story Mary and John Gray Library and the 16,000 seat Provost Umphrey Stadium .",
"title": "Campus"
},
{
"text": "Cardinal Village is the universitys community of apartment-style dormitories , part of Lamar Universitys investment in student life on campus . As of 2010 , there were five Phases of Cardinal Village with the capacity to house 2500 students . Each room includes a private bedroom , furnished with the necessities of college life such as a mini-refrigerator , microwave , computer desk , telephone outlets , cable TV access , and easy connectivity to the Universitys network . Cardinal Village housing also offers community centers , study areas , meeting rooms , fitness centers , a swimming pool ,",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "on-site laundry facilities , basketball and volleyball courts , social lounges , and parking . During the summer of 2011 all five phases of Cardinal village were renamed for previously-demolished residence halls on campus : Phase I β Gentry Hall , Phase II β Morris Hall , Phase III β Combs Hall , Phase IV β Campbell Hall and Phase V β Monroe Hall .",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The tallest structure on campus at eight stories , the Mary and John Gray Library serves as a landmark for the university . Named after Mary and John Gray , considered to be the βfirst coupleβ of the university , the red brick structure took two and a half years to complete . The library holds extensive physical and digital collections , including 395,003 physical books , 99,548 e-books , and 142 digital databases , and provides access to current journal content from 48,851 journals . The library provides its users with a variety of digital tools , such as",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "the online catalog and EBSCO EDS , an integrated search discovery system that allows single searches across multiple databases . Faculty and students can gain access to materials not held by our library through a robust interlibrary loan service and document delivery , in which we purchase journal articles on demand at no cost to the user . A service-oriented staff provides face-to-face , phone , and chat research assistance , as well as extensive subject guides and self-paced online tutorials to assist all Lamar users in using library resources to best advantage .",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center was completed in 2007 at a cost of $19 million . The construction included renovation of the McDonald Gym , which had previously served as the universitys sports center and home of the volleyball program . The naming of the center was made possible by a $5 million donation by local attorney Walter Umphrey in 2005 . The center includes a cardiovascular room , a one-tenth-mile walking/jogging track , a climbing wall , basketball , indoor floor hockey/soccer arena , volleyball , badminton courts , and racquetball courts . The center also sports a",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "wellness and fitness center , health food cafΓ© and juice bar . The lounge areas include pool tables , putting green , air hockey , foosball , video games and large screen TV . The center is home to the Recreational Sports Office , which organizes and hosts intramural sports leagues and sport clubs teams such as volleyball , basketball , flag football , cricket , badminton , indoor soccer , pool , ultimate frisbee , and tennis . The tennis club made back-to-back appearances at the national tournament as they won Club of the Year for 2015 and 2016",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The Universitys Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall was completed in 2006 for $6.2 million and is named for Southeast Texas congressman Jack Brooks and former Texas governor Allan Shivers . The hall is set on a food court-style floor plan that offers a variety of seating areas from barstools to booths . Dining options range from a salad bar , grill and central bakery to pizza , stir fry , Mexican food , pasta , deli and soup stations . The facility has interiors which include artwork created by Lamar University art students and faculty . On-campus food services are provided by",
"title": "Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall"
},
{
"text": "external company Chartwells , which , in addition to the dining hall , provides options including franchised fast food chains and coffee shops .",
"title": "Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall"
},
{
"text": " The Setzer Student Center ( or the Set , as it is known by students ) hosts social and cultural activities throughout the year and is the hub for campus student organizations . The lounge areas , Mirabeaus CafΓ© and the Cardinals Nest eatery provide students with a place to socialize and relax . The Setzer Center also houses the bookstore , which stocks textbooks , school supplies , and Lamar University/Lamar Cardinals merchandise . Administrative divisions located in the Set include the Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement and the Office of Planning and Assessment .",
"title": "Setzer Student Center"
},
{
"text": "During the Spring 2012 semester , the Student Government Association , led by then-president Andrew Greenberg , passed a student-wide referendum to finance renovation and remodeling the Setzer Student Center . The vote was passed with 81% approval . The $28 million project was completed in 2018 with reopening of the center on April 12 , 2018 .",
"title": "Setzer Student Center"
},
{
"text": " The Dishman Art Museum serves as a teaching facility and art museum for Lamar . It was established in 1983 . The museum offers students an opportunity to experience diverse styles that reflect international trends , as well as a chance to exhibit their own work . Admission is free . The museums permanent collection includes 19th- and 20th-century paintings from American and European artists , as well as tribal art from Africa , New Guinea , and Pre-Columbian Mexico .",
"title": "Dishman Art Museum"
},
{
"text": " The Spindletop-Gladys City Museum is an open-air museum . The museum commemorates the 1901 discovery of oil by the Lucas Gusher in Beaumont . The oil discovery was located on Spindletop salt dome in South Beaumont . The boomtown that sprung up around the well was known as Gladys City . 100,000 barrels of oil were soon produced per day , making it the most productive in the world at that time . This productivity sparked an oil boom in Texas that continues to this day .",
"title": "Spindletop-Gladys City Museum"
},
{
"text": "The Lamar Cardinals ( or Cards ) refers to the collegiate athletic teams of Lamar University . The inception of the nickname Cardinals dates back to the schools name change to Lamar in 1932 . The teams compete in NCAA Division I athletics for all of its varsity sports . Lamar has participated in practically every level of collegiate athletics from its inception as a junior college in 1923 to its gaining university status in 1971 . Lamar fields teams in each of the seventeen sports the Southland Conference sponsors . Lamar sponsors fifteen teams ( seven mens and eight",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": "womens ) that compete in the NCAAs Southland Conference for those seventeen sports . The newest teams are the reinstated football team beginning in 2010 , and womens softball which began play in the 2013 season . With the addition of softball , Lamar is the only Southland Conference program to sponsor all mens and womens sports .",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": " The Cardinals participate in mens and womens basketball , golf , indoor and outdoor track and field , cross country , tennis , womens soccer , softball and volleyball , and mens baseball and football .",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": "Under former head coach Larry Kennan , Cardinal fans responded when he delivered a 6-3-2 club in 1979 , his first season with the team . Lamar set all-time attendance records under Kennan by averaging 16,380 in 1980 . Games against Louisiana Tech ( 17,600 ) and West Texas State ( 17,250 ) rank second and third , respectively , behind the standing-room-only 18,500 Baylor drew for the 1980 opener . The football programs signature win came on September 5 , 1981 in Waco ; the Cardinals triumphed with an 18β17 win over the UPI #20 ranked Baylor Bears .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "In 1987 Lamar football went independent to join the American South Conference , and the program was dropped altogether in 1989 .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "On January 30 , 2008 , 78% of Lamar students voted to approve the athletics fee required for footballs resurrection . This vote set in motion the football teams return for the 2010 season . Regents of The Texas State University System approved the athletics fee to reinstate football at its regular meeting February 20 , 2008 . On May 19 , 2008 , Ray Woodard was chosen as head coach for the football program . Thanks to a major gift from an anonymous donor , the football field now bears the name W.S . βBudβ Leonard Field , named",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "for a former player and longtime Lamar advocate and regent .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University Cardinals football team returned to the gridiron after a 21-year hiatus , on September 4 , 2010 . The first-year squad compiled a respectable 5β6 record . The Cardinals opened Southland Conference play in 2011 . The return of football to Lamar University is in part due to a generous donation from Beaumont-based law firm Provost Umphrey . To help renovate the stadium , Walter Umphrey and his wife Sheila also made a personal donation . The stadium is now named Provost Umphrey Stadium .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "In December 2016 , Mike Schultz was named the programs second head coach since its return . After recording just one winning record in its first nine seasons since being brought back , Schultz guided the Cardinals to a 7β5 record and a third-place finish in the Southland Conference in just his second season . After a 1β4 start to the year , LU closed the regular season by rattling off six-straight wins to earn the programs first berth in the NCAA FCS Playoffs where it faced Northern Iowa .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": " Founded in 1924 , the mens and womens basketball teams at Lamar have both advanced deep into the NCAA tournament . The mens team has four NIT appearances , six NCAA tournament appearances , four second round appearances , and one sweet 16 appearance . The womens team has four WNIT appearance , two NCAA tournament appearances , and one Elite Eight appearance .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": "The mens program has been coached by fourteen head coaches including Billy Tubbs , Pat Foster , Pat Knight and Tic Price , the current head coach . The womens team has been coached by thirteen head coaches including current head coach , Aqua Franklin .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": " Over the years , both the mens and womens programs have had the highest average attendance in the Southland Conference . Both play in the 10,080-seat Montagne Center .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": "The Lamar Cardinals baseball team represents Lamar University and competes in the Southland Conference , and is an NCAA Division I program . Current head coach Will Davis was hired from LSU in January 2016 to replace legendary coach Jim Gilligan . A former player , Gilligan guided the program for all but five seasons ( 1987β91 ) from 1973 through 2016 . The LU Hall of Honor and Texas Baseball Hall of Fame member won more than 1,300 games during his career . The Cardinals baseball teams lead the Southland Conference with 10 regular season titles and has participated",
"title": "Baseball"
},
{
"text": "in the NCAA Division I Regionals 13 times .",
"title": "Baseball"
},
{
"text": " In fall 2018 , Lamar enrolled almost 15,000 students . The student body was 36% male and 64% female . Ethnically , 47% identified as White , 25% Black/African-American , 18% Hispanic or Latino , 4% Asian , 3% International , and 2% Other .",
"title": "Student demographics"
},
{
"text": " The University Press , also known as the UP , is the student newspaper of Lamar . The paper was previously known as the SPark Plug and the Red Bird before becoming the University Press in recognition of Lamar gaining university status in 1971 .",
"title": "University Press"
},
{
"text": "91.3 FM KVLU public radio is an NPR affiliate station broadcasting throughout southeast Texas . It is licensed to Lamar University with studios located on campus and a transmitter site located in Rose City . Launched in 1974 , the station operates independently and features a diverse 24/7 schedule of programs including NPR news morning , midday and afternoon as well as locally produced music programs , local features and radio documentaries , etc . As part of the Universitys College of Fine Arts and Communication and the Lamar University Media Alliance , KVLU also serves as a real world",
"title": "KVLU"
},
{
"text": "laboratory , providing training in audio broadcasting and radio production for students interested in pursuing careers in communication . The station is largely member supported with additional support coming from the University and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as well as program underwriters .",
"title": "KVLU"
},
{
"text": " LUTV News is the weekly newscast produced by students in the Department of Communication at Lamar University . Broadcast journalism students are required to pitch , shoot , write and edit news content for each weeks 30-minute program . Production is led by student producers , directors and crew members , which gives students practical news production experience . LUTV News is broadcast via Spectrum Cable on LUTV-7 in Beaumont , Texas .",
"title": "LUTV"
},
{
"text": " Airing on Time Warner Digital Cable channels 0007 and 6.7 , LUTV is the official channel of Lamar University and is owned and operated by the Department of Communication and Media . Ch . 7 airs a wide array of programming such as student/faculty films and artworks , promotional videos , distinguished lectures and events , sports games , talk shows , student produced newscasts , public domain films , and documentaries .",
"title": "LUTV Channel 7"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University Media Alliance ( LUMA ) , consisting of KVLU public radio ( 91.3 FM ) ; LUTV Productions and LUTV 7 Cablecasting provides outreach programming to serve the general public and hands-on instructional opportunities for students .",
"title": "LUMA"
},
{
"text": " Lamar boasts 19 national fraternities and sororities . College Panhellenic Council ( CPC ) is the governing body for the three National Pan-Hellenic Council chapters at LU . National Pan-Hellenic Council ( NPHC ) governs the nine historically African American fraternities and sororities . The Inter-Fraternity Council ( IFC ) governs mens fraternities . The Multicultural Greek Council ( MGC ) governs three multicultural Greek-letter organizations , two sororities and one fraternity .",
"title": "Greeks"
},
{
"text": " - Alpha Phi Alpha - Sigma Phi Delta - Alpha Tau Omega - Pi Kappa Alpha - Sigma Nu - Phi Beta Sigma - Kappa Alpha Psi - Kappa Alpha Order - Omega Psi Phi - Phi Iota Alpha",
"title": "Fraternities"
},
{
"text": " - Alpha Delta Pi - Zeta Tau Alpha - Kappa Delta Chi - Alpha Kappa Alpha - Alpha Chi Omega - Delta Sigma Theta - Zeta Phi Beta - Sigma Gamma Rho - Sigma Sigma Rho",
"title": "Sororities"
},
{
"text": " The Alumni of Lamar University have gone on to distinguish themselves in every aspect of society . The school has an alumni base numbering over 75,000 . Lamar has the highest median starting and mid-career salary of the four universities in the Texas State University System . Several Cardinals have gone on to distinguish themselves nationally and internationally in sports , such as PGA Tour golfer Chris Stroud , MLB player Kevin Millar , and college coaches such as Billy Tubbs and Jim Gilligan .",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "Jack Brooks , Nick Lampson and Elvin Santos have gone on to be national politicians .",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - John Alexander β painter - Kelly Asbury β film director , screenwriter , voice actor , childrens book author and illustrator , non-fiction author - Bruce Aven β retired Major League Baseball player - Brian Birdwell ( B.S. , criminal justice , 1984 ) β member of the Texas State Senate and survivor of the Pentagon attack of September 11 , 2001 - Ronnie Black β PGA Tour professional golfer - Jack Brooks β former Congressman , served more than 40 years in the U.S . House of Representatives - Keith Carter β photographer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Trevor Dodds β Namibian professional golfer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Johnny Fuller β former defensive back , San Francisco 49ers - Jim Gilligan β one of the NCAAs most winning baseball coaches - James Gulley ( born 1965 ) - former professional basketball player for Ironi Ramat Gan in the Israeli Basketball Premier League - Midde Hamrin β Olympian marathon runner - Marvin Hayes β artist - Clay Hensley β pitcher , Houston Astros - Clarence Kea β NBA player - Nick Lampson β former Congressman ; served in the U.S . House of Representatives from two Texas districts - Bill Macatee β TV sports announcer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Bob McDill β singer/songwriter",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Kevin Millar β MLB World Champion , Boston Red Sox - Wayne Moore β retired NFL player - Claude H . Nash β CEO of Bloodstone Ventures ; researcher - Robert Nichols β Texas politician - Bum Phillips β former head coach and general manager of the Houston Oilers - Colin Ridgeway β Australian Olympian ; former NFL player ; first Australian to play in the NFL - Brian Sanches β pitcher , Philadelphia Phillies - Elvin Santos β former Vice President of Honduras - Eugene Seale β former NFL player",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Chris Stroud β PGA Tour professional golfer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Lynn Sweat β artist and illustrator of Amelia Bedelia childrens books - Billy Tubbs β former college basketball coach - Jerry Wilkerson β artist - Ray Woodard β head football coach , NFL player - Jen Wyatt β Canadian LPGA golfer - Anthony Iapoce β Former Major League Baseball Player . Current Hitting coach for the Chicago Cubs People associated with Lamar . - Steve Molyneux β UK educational leader and Microsoft Professor of Global Educational Leadership - Al Vincent β Major League Baseball coach",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Lamar Athletics website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Lamar_University#P1448#3
|
Lamar University was officially named what in Aug 1971?
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Lamar University Lamar University ( Lamar or LU ) is a public university in Beaumont , Texas . Lamar has been a member of the Texas State University System since 1995 . It was the flagship institution of the former Lamar University System . As of the fall of 2020 , the university enrollment was 17,488 students . Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board reportable enrollment was 15,799 Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas . History . Louis R . Pietzsch founded a public junior college in Beaumonts South Park . Lamar University started on September 17 , 1923 as South Park Junior College , operating on the unused third floor of the new South Park High School . Pietzsch acted as the first president of the college . South Park Junior College became the first college in Texas to receive Texas Department of Education approval during the first year of operation , and became fully accredited in 1925 . In 1932 , the college administration , recognizing that the junior college was serving the region rather than just the community , renamed it as Lamar College . It was named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas , who arranged to set aside land in counties for public schools . A statue of him was installed in the quadrangle of the campus near the Setzer Student Center . In 1933 , the college was moving toward independence from South Park High School when construction began on new facilities . By 1942 , the college was completely independent of the South Park school district , and operations moved to the current campus . With the end of World War II , an influx of veterans boosted enrollment . The Lamar board of trustees asked the Texas Legislature to promote Lamar College to a four-year state college . The initial attempt in 1947 , led in the Texas House of Representatives by Jack Brooks and in the Texas Senate by W . R . Cousins Jr. , failed , but the following year the two sponsors again advanced the bill through both houses . On June 14 , 1949 , Governor Beauford Jester signed the bill creating Lamar State College of Technology . Enrollment continued to grow throughout the 1950s and 1960s , reaching 10,000 students . Graduate work was authorized in 1960 , when masters degrees were offered in several fields . In 1969 , Lamar State College opened its first branch at a center in Orange , Texas . In 1970 , Lamar State College began offering its first doctoral program , the Doctor of Engineering . In 1971 the colleges name was officially changed to Lamar University . A group of African American veterans of World War II , barred from admission on the grounds of race and calling themselves the Negro Goodwill Council , protested to Governor Beauford Jester about the exclusion of blacks from Lamar State College . They attempted to block passage of the bill to change Lamar into a state-supported senior college , which resulted in John Gray , Lamars president , creating a black branch of Lamar called Jefferson Junior College . It opened with evening classes at Charlton-Pollard High School . In 1952 , James Briscoe , a graduate of Charlton-Pollard High School , applied to Lamar . His parents were laborers and members of the Beaumont chapter of the NAACP . The admissions office notified him that on the basis of his transcript , he was qualified to enroll for the spring term of 1951 . On January 29 , when Briscoe went to register for classes , Lamars acting president G . A . Wimberly explained that a mistake had been made and suggested he apply to TSUN , now named Texas Southern University . State law , he said , created Lamar for whites only . In the summer of 1955 , Versie Jackson and Henry Cooper Jr . became the lead plaintiffs of a class action lawsuit , Jackson v . McDonald , which sought to end Lamars policy of racial segregation . Lamar Cecil , federal judge , ruled on July 30 , 1956 , that Lamars βwhite youthβ only admissions policy was unconstitutional and that September , a total of twenty-six blacks were admitted to the college amid violent protests at the campus gates and throughout the region for a number of weeks until Texas Rangers arrived and the rule of law restored . Recent history . In 1975 , the university merged with Port Arthur College in Port Arthur , Texas , creating Lamar University-Port Arthur . In 1983 , state Senator Carl A . Parker sponsored a bill creating the Lamar University System . In 1986 , Lamar University-Orange and Lamar University-Port Arthur were granted accreditation separate from the main campus . Lamar Institute of Technology was created in 1990 in Beaumont to provide technical , business , health , and industrial education through programs two years or fewer in length . In 1995 , the Lamar University System was incorporated into the Texas State University System . In the fall of 1998 the Lamar University faculty numbered 423 and student enrollment was 8,241 . Total enrollment reached 15,000 students in Fall 2012 . In the late 1990s , Lamar began undertaking campus improvement projects . In 2001 , the University began replacing its 1960s-vintage residence halls with new apartment-style housing facilities , dubbed Cardinal Village . In March 2005 , the gym underwent extensive renovation and adjacent to it , a new recreational sports center was built . The $19 million center , named the Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center , opened in April 2007 . In August 2007 , the University completed construction on Cardinal Village IV , a $16-million expansion of its residence halls . The University completed construction of Cardinal Village Phase V in August 2010 bringing on-campus housing capacity to 2,500 students . The University , in anticipation of the return of football program in 2010 , renovated and upgraded Provost Umphrey Stadium ( formerly Cardinal Stadium ) and a new state-of-the-art Dauphin Athletic Complex . In October 2014 , Lamar broke ground for an administration building to be named the Wayne A . Reaud Building . The building houses the newly established Reaud Honors College . Another recent project included renovation of the Setzer Student Center . The renovation project had a $28,000,000 cost . The renovated building was opened on April 12 , 2018 . Academics . Lamar offers 96 undergraduate , 50 masters and eight doctoral degree programs in seven academic colleges . The academic colleges are the College of Engineering , College of Education and Human Development , College of Business , College of Fine Arts and Communication , the College of Arts and Sciences , the College of Graduate Studies , and the Reaud Honors College . Lamar is classified as a Doctoral Research University by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and is one of only two universities classified as such within the Texas State University System . Lamar and Kunming University of Science and Technology in southwest China have an exchange program that allows Chinese students to attend Lamar for one year while pursuing their bachelors degree . The university also has many academic units that fall outside of the five main colleges . The College of Graduate Studies handles graduate students . The Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement offers training and support to faculty and runs the universitys Active and Collaborative Engagement for Students ( ACES ) Program . The ACES program is designed to provide support to high risk students and integrate active learning methods into all core courses at LU . The university also provides secondary education through the Texas Academy for Leadership in the Humanities , stateu.com and the Texas Governors School . In the summer of 2009 , Lamar University partnered with the University of Texas at Arlington to create an online dual credit program for high school students in Texas , stateu.com . The partnership between the two universities operates at the website stateu.com . Online dual credit courses are available for free to high school students through state funding via House Bill 3646 . The BAAS online degree completion program , an expansion of a degree the university has offered for almost 20 years , is offered online through Lamar University Academic Partnerships . Recognition , awards and ranking . In August 2010 , the American Council of Trustees and Alumni ( ACTA ) released a study on core curriculum standards for 715 four-year institutions . The study compared colleges on their commitment to core subjects deemed essential to a well-rounded , competitive education . Lamar was one of only 16 institutions to receive an A rating . The study was featured in the Washington Post with a tag line Forget Harvard and think Lamar . In October 2010 , the university announced they would raise admission standards for the second time in two years because of the increased enrollment . The enrollment standards increase took effect in the fall of 2011 . Lamar was ranked in Tier Two of National Universities by the U.S . News & World Reports 2015 ranking . According to the site , 76.6% of students who applied to Lamar in 2013 were admitted . Lamar is ranked in several 2015 U.S . News & World Report categories . - Best Nursing Schools β 181 ( tied ) - Best Speech-Language Pathology β 220 - Best Online Bachelors Programs β 47 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Justice Programs β 31 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Education Programs β 35 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Nursing Programs β 74 ( tied ) Lamar was ranked #602 in Forbes 2014 Americas Top Colleges report . College of Engineering . The College of Engineering has 10 research centers under its authority . These are coordinated under the Texas Centers for Technology Incubation ( TCTI ) . The college also participates in the Texas Space Grant Consortium , which sponsors research on space based technologies . The Dan F . Smith Department of Chemical Engineering was established with a $5 million donation from Dan F . Smith in 2009 . The program continually produces the same or more M.S . in Chemical Engineering graduates than universities such as Stanford , IIT and MIT . The building housing the Ph.D . in Chemical Engineering program was dedicated the Charles and Eleanor Garrett Engineering Center in Fall 2012 . The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering offers eight degree programs . The Philip M . Drayer Department of Electrical Engineering was endowed with a $5 million gift from Philip M . Drayer in 2007 . The department has many successful alumni in the industry including Phil Drayer ( LUEE β67 ) , and Charles Garrett ( LUEE β59 ) inventor and founder of Garrett Metal Detectors . The Industrial Engineering department offers two undergraduate degrees : B.S . Industrial Engineering , and B.S . in Industrial Technology ; and four graduate degrees : Master of Engineering Industrial Engineering , Master of Science Industrial Engineering , Doctor of Engineering in Industrial Engineering , and Master of Engineering Management . The Mechanical Engineering department offers both undergraduate degree ( B.S ) as well as graduate degrees , consisting of degrees programs in Master of Engineering ( M.E. ) , Master of Engineering Science ( M.E.S ) and Doctor of Engineering ( D.E. ) . The department is affiliated with ASME and ASTM . College of Business . The University established the College of Business in 1972 . Prior to this time , degrees in business and economics were granted by the Division of Business , which was established in 1951 , and the School of Business , established in 1954 . All undergraduate and graduate degree programs of the College of Business are accredited by AACSB International . Four departments β Accounting and Business Law ; Economics and Finance ; Information Systems and Analysis ; and Management and Marketing β make up the College of Business . The Bachelor of Business Administration degree is granted in all areas . A Bachelor of Science degree is granted in Economics . In Fall 2008 , the College of Business acquired a new program , the Reese Construction Management program , with a $1.25 million donation from Jerry and Sheila Reese . The program is headed by Steve McCrary Ph.D . The Aspen Institute Center for Business Educations 2011β2012 edition of Beyond Grey Pinstripes ranked Lamars MBA program in the top 100 in the world for the third consecutive year . In November 2010 , Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen created the Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment in the College of Business . The endowment will provide graduate students and faculty with opportunities to gain first-hand knowledge of the global marketplace . Students taking advantage of the Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment will travel abroad accompanied by a College of Business faculty Steinhagen Global Fellow . They will participate in classes and seminars with other students , visit businesses and experience the culture of the country β all at an advanced level . Through the Entrepreneurship Lecture Series , endowed by a business alumnus , students and faculty have the opportunity to be inspired by the worlds leading entrepreneurs . The series brings high profile and dynamic speakers to the campus yearly . College of Education and Human Development . The College of Education and Human Development comprises five departments : Educational Leadership , Family & Consumer Sciences , Health & Kinesiology , Counseling and Special Populations and Professional Pedagogy . The teacher preparation and education graduate programs of the College of Education and Human Development are accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education ( NCATE ) at both the initial teacher preparation and advanced preparation levels . Lamar is among the largest educators of teachers in the nation due to its large Masters in Education program . The College hosts the Governors School of Texas , a three-week summer program for gifted high school students . College of Arts and Sciences . The College of Arts and Sciences fields of study include Physics , Mathematics , Computer Science , Biology , Chemistry , Nursing , Music , English , Earth Science , Foreign Language , History , Political Science , Criminal Justice and Psychology . The College is home to the JoAnne Gay Dishman School of Nursing . The nursing department consists of BSN and ADN degrees . The master of nursing online program in the Lamar University JoAnne Gay Dishman Department of Nursing has been ranked second in the nation for excellence in faculty credentials and training by U.S . News & World Report in Fall 2012 . College of Fine Arts and Communication . The College of Fine Arts and Communication offers degree programs in communication fields such as Journalism and Broadcasting , Speech and Hearing sciences , Sign Language , and Deaf Education . Lamar University is one of five universities in Texas which offer a clinical doctorate in audiology program . Fine arts degree programs such as Art , Theater , Music and Dance department programs are housed in the Music , Theater , and Art buildings . The college is home to the Mary Morgan Moore Department of Music . The department of communications operates LUTV , a local educational access television station , and KVLU ( FM 91.3 ) a National Public Radio station . The Department of Arts faculty includes internationally acclaimed artists Keith Carter and Prince Varughese Thomas . Reaud Honors College . The Reaud Honors College , established in the fall of 2014 , became the ninth honors college in the state of Texas . The honors program has been part of the universitys academic offering since 1963 . The 45,000 sq ft Wayne A . Reaud Building , which houses the honors college as well as university administration offices , broke ground on October 7 , 2014 . The honors college is a member of the National Collegiate Honors Council and the Great Plains Honor Council . Campus . The Lamar University campus is located off of Martin Luther King Boulevard , near U.S . Highway 69 , in the southeast part of Beaumont , Texas . The campus is from the Jack Brooks Regional Airport , from the Neches River and from Downtown Beaumont . The Big Thicket National Preserve , Village Creek State Park , and the Gulf of Mexico are all located within 30 minutes of the school . Facilities include the 10,080 seat Montagne Center , the eight-story Mary and John Gray Library and the 16,000 seat Provost Umphrey Stadium . Cardinal Village . Cardinal Village is the universitys community of apartment-style dormitories , part of Lamar Universitys investment in student life on campus . As of 2010 , there were five Phases of Cardinal Village with the capacity to house 2500 students . Each room includes a private bedroom , furnished with the necessities of college life such as a mini-refrigerator , microwave , computer desk , telephone outlets , cable TV access , and easy connectivity to the Universitys network . Cardinal Village housing also offers community centers , study areas , meeting rooms , fitness centers , a swimming pool , on-site laundry facilities , basketball and volleyball courts , social lounges , and parking . During the summer of 2011 all five phases of Cardinal village were renamed for previously-demolished residence halls on campus : Phase I β Gentry Hall , Phase II β Morris Hall , Phase III β Combs Hall , Phase IV β Campbell Hall and Phase V β Monroe Hall . Mary and John Gray Library . The tallest structure on campus at eight stories , the Mary and John Gray Library serves as a landmark for the university . Named after Mary and John Gray , considered to be the βfirst coupleβ of the university , the red brick structure took two and a half years to complete . The library holds extensive physical and digital collections , including 395,003 physical books , 99,548 e-books , and 142 digital databases , and provides access to current journal content from 48,851 journals . The library provides its users with a variety of digital tools , such as the online catalog and EBSCO EDS , an integrated search discovery system that allows single searches across multiple databases . Faculty and students can gain access to materials not held by our library through a robust interlibrary loan service and document delivery , in which we purchase journal articles on demand at no cost to the user . A service-oriented staff provides face-to-face , phone , and chat research assistance , as well as extensive subject guides and self-paced online tutorials to assist all Lamar users in using library resources to best advantage . Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center . The Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center was completed in 2007 at a cost of $19 million . The construction included renovation of the McDonald Gym , which had previously served as the universitys sports center and home of the volleyball program . The naming of the center was made possible by a $5 million donation by local attorney Walter Umphrey in 2005 . The center includes a cardiovascular room , a one-tenth-mile walking/jogging track , a climbing wall , basketball , indoor floor hockey/soccer arena , volleyball , badminton courts , and racquetball courts . The center also sports a wellness and fitness center , health food cafΓ© and juice bar . The lounge areas include pool tables , putting green , air hockey , foosball , video games and large screen TV . The center is home to the Recreational Sports Office , which organizes and hosts intramural sports leagues and sport clubs teams such as volleyball , basketball , flag football , cricket , badminton , indoor soccer , pool , ultimate frisbee , and tennis . The tennis club made back-to-back appearances at the national tournament as they won Club of the Year for 2015 and 2016 . Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall . The Universitys Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall was completed in 2006 for $6.2 million and is named for Southeast Texas congressman Jack Brooks and former Texas governor Allan Shivers . The hall is set on a food court-style floor plan that offers a variety of seating areas from barstools to booths . Dining options range from a salad bar , grill and central bakery to pizza , stir fry , Mexican food , pasta , deli and soup stations . The facility has interiors which include artwork created by Lamar University art students and faculty . On-campus food services are provided by external company Chartwells , which , in addition to the dining hall , provides options including franchised fast food chains and coffee shops . Setzer Student Center . The Setzer Student Center ( or the Set , as it is known by students ) hosts social and cultural activities throughout the year and is the hub for campus student organizations . The lounge areas , Mirabeaus CafΓ© and the Cardinals Nest eatery provide students with a place to socialize and relax . The Setzer Center also houses the bookstore , which stocks textbooks , school supplies , and Lamar University/Lamar Cardinals merchandise . Administrative divisions located in the Set include the Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement and the Office of Planning and Assessment . During the Spring 2012 semester , the Student Government Association , led by then-president Andrew Greenberg , passed a student-wide referendum to finance renovation and remodeling the Setzer Student Center . The vote was passed with 81% approval . The $28 million project was completed in 2018 with reopening of the center on April 12 , 2018 . Dishman Art Museum . The Dishman Art Museum serves as a teaching facility and art museum for Lamar . It was established in 1983 . The museum offers students an opportunity to experience diverse styles that reflect international trends , as well as a chance to exhibit their own work . Admission is free . The museums permanent collection includes 19th- and 20th-century paintings from American and European artists , as well as tribal art from Africa , New Guinea , and Pre-Columbian Mexico . Spindletop-Gladys City Museum . The Spindletop-Gladys City Museum is an open-air museum . The museum commemorates the 1901 discovery of oil by the Lucas Gusher in Beaumont . The oil discovery was located on Spindletop salt dome in South Beaumont . The boomtown that sprung up around the well was known as Gladys City . 100,000 barrels of oil were soon produced per day , making it the most productive in the world at that time . This productivity sparked an oil boom in Texas that continues to this day . Athletics . The Lamar Cardinals ( or Cards ) refers to the collegiate athletic teams of Lamar University . The inception of the nickname Cardinals dates back to the schools name change to Lamar in 1932 . The teams compete in NCAA Division I athletics for all of its varsity sports . Lamar has participated in practically every level of collegiate athletics from its inception as a junior college in 1923 to its gaining university status in 1971 . Lamar fields teams in each of the seventeen sports the Southland Conference sponsors . Lamar sponsors fifteen teams ( seven mens and eight womens ) that compete in the NCAAs Southland Conference for those seventeen sports . The newest teams are the reinstated football team beginning in 2010 , and womens softball which began play in the 2013 season . With the addition of softball , Lamar is the only Southland Conference program to sponsor all mens and womens sports . The Cardinals participate in mens and womens basketball , golf , indoor and outdoor track and field , cross country , tennis , womens soccer , softball and volleyball , and mens baseball and football . Football . Under former head coach Larry Kennan , Cardinal fans responded when he delivered a 6-3-2 club in 1979 , his first season with the team . Lamar set all-time attendance records under Kennan by averaging 16,380 in 1980 . Games against Louisiana Tech ( 17,600 ) and West Texas State ( 17,250 ) rank second and third , respectively , behind the standing-room-only 18,500 Baylor drew for the 1980 opener . The football programs signature win came on September 5 , 1981 in Waco ; the Cardinals triumphed with an 18β17 win over the UPI #20 ranked Baylor Bears . In 1987 Lamar football went independent to join the American South Conference , and the program was dropped altogether in 1989 . On January 30 , 2008 , 78% of Lamar students voted to approve the athletics fee required for footballs resurrection . This vote set in motion the football teams return for the 2010 season . Regents of The Texas State University System approved the athletics fee to reinstate football at its regular meeting February 20 , 2008 . On May 19 , 2008 , Ray Woodard was chosen as head coach for the football program . Thanks to a major gift from an anonymous donor , the football field now bears the name W.S . βBudβ Leonard Field , named for a former player and longtime Lamar advocate and regent . The Lamar University Cardinals football team returned to the gridiron after a 21-year hiatus , on September 4 , 2010 . The first-year squad compiled a respectable 5β6 record . The Cardinals opened Southland Conference play in 2011 . The return of football to Lamar University is in part due to a generous donation from Beaumont-based law firm Provost Umphrey . To help renovate the stadium , Walter Umphrey and his wife Sheila also made a personal donation . The stadium is now named Provost Umphrey Stadium . In December 2016 , Mike Schultz was named the programs second head coach since its return . After recording just one winning record in its first nine seasons since being brought back , Schultz guided the Cardinals to a 7β5 record and a third-place finish in the Southland Conference in just his second season . After a 1β4 start to the year , LU closed the regular season by rattling off six-straight wins to earn the programs first berth in the NCAA FCS Playoffs where it faced Northern Iowa . Basketball . Founded in 1924 , the mens and womens basketball teams at Lamar have both advanced deep into the NCAA tournament . The mens team has four NIT appearances , six NCAA tournament appearances , four second round appearances , and one sweet 16 appearance . The womens team has four WNIT appearance , two NCAA tournament appearances , and one Elite Eight appearance . The mens program has been coached by fourteen head coaches including Billy Tubbs , Pat Foster , Pat Knight and Tic Price , the current head coach . The womens team has been coached by thirteen head coaches including current head coach , Aqua Franklin . Over the years , both the mens and womens programs have had the highest average attendance in the Southland Conference . Both play in the 10,080-seat Montagne Center . Baseball . The Lamar Cardinals baseball team represents Lamar University and competes in the Southland Conference , and is an NCAA Division I program . Current head coach Will Davis was hired from LSU in January 2016 to replace legendary coach Jim Gilligan . A former player , Gilligan guided the program for all but five seasons ( 1987β91 ) from 1973 through 2016 . The LU Hall of Honor and Texas Baseball Hall of Fame member won more than 1,300 games during his career . The Cardinals baseball teams lead the Southland Conference with 10 regular season titles and has participated in the NCAA Division I Regionals 13 times . Student life . Student demographics . In fall 2018 , Lamar enrolled almost 15,000 students . The student body was 36% male and 64% female . Ethnically , 47% identified as White , 25% Black/African-American , 18% Hispanic or Latino , 4% Asian , 3% International , and 2% Other . Student media . University Press . The University Press , also known as the UP , is the student newspaper of Lamar . The paper was previously known as the SPark Plug and the Red Bird before becoming the University Press in recognition of Lamar gaining university status in 1971 . KVLU . 91.3 FM KVLU public radio is an NPR affiliate station broadcasting throughout southeast Texas . It is licensed to Lamar University with studios located on campus and a transmitter site located in Rose City . Launched in 1974 , the station operates independently and features a diverse 24/7 schedule of programs including NPR news morning , midday and afternoon as well as locally produced music programs , local features and radio documentaries , etc . As part of the Universitys College of Fine Arts and Communication and the Lamar University Media Alliance , KVLU also serves as a real world laboratory , providing training in audio broadcasting and radio production for students interested in pursuing careers in communication . The station is largely member supported with additional support coming from the University and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as well as program underwriters . LUTV . LUTV News is the weekly newscast produced by students in the Department of Communication at Lamar University . Broadcast journalism students are required to pitch , shoot , write and edit news content for each weeks 30-minute program . Production is led by student producers , directors and crew members , which gives students practical news production experience . LUTV News is broadcast via Spectrum Cable on LUTV-7 in Beaumont , Texas . LUTV Channel 7 . Airing on Time Warner Digital Cable channels 0007 and 6.7 , LUTV is the official channel of Lamar University and is owned and operated by the Department of Communication and Media . Ch . 7 airs a wide array of programming such as student/faculty films and artworks , promotional videos , distinguished lectures and events , sports games , talk shows , student produced newscasts , public domain films , and documentaries . LUMA . The Lamar University Media Alliance ( LUMA ) , consisting of KVLU public radio ( 91.3 FM ) ; LUTV Productions and LUTV 7 Cablecasting provides outreach programming to serve the general public and hands-on instructional opportunities for students . Greeks . Lamar boasts 19 national fraternities and sororities . College Panhellenic Council ( CPC ) is the governing body for the three National Pan-Hellenic Council chapters at LU . National Pan-Hellenic Council ( NPHC ) governs the nine historically African American fraternities and sororities . The Inter-Fraternity Council ( IFC ) governs mens fraternities . The Multicultural Greek Council ( MGC ) governs three multicultural Greek-letter organizations , two sororities and one fraternity . Fraternities - Alpha Phi Alpha - Sigma Phi Delta - Alpha Tau Omega - Pi Kappa Alpha - Sigma Nu - Phi Beta Sigma - Kappa Alpha Psi - Kappa Alpha Order - Omega Psi Phi - Phi Iota Alpha Sororities - Alpha Delta Pi - Zeta Tau Alpha - Kappa Delta Chi - Alpha Kappa Alpha - Alpha Chi Omega - Delta Sigma Theta - Zeta Phi Beta - Sigma Gamma Rho - Sigma Sigma Rho Music Greeks - Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia - Kappa Kappa Psi - Tau Beta Sigma Other organizations - Kappa Upsilon Chi - Alpha Kappa Psi - Alpha Omega Epsilon Notable people . Alumni . The Alumni of Lamar University have gone on to distinguish themselves in every aspect of society . The school has an alumni base numbering over 75,000 . Lamar has the highest median starting and mid-career salary of the four universities in the Texas State University System . Several Cardinals have gone on to distinguish themselves nationally and internationally in sports , such as PGA Tour golfer Chris Stroud , MLB player Kevin Millar , and college coaches such as Billy Tubbs and Jim Gilligan . Jack Brooks , Nick Lampson and Elvin Santos have gone on to be national politicians . - John Alexander β painter - Kelly Asbury β film director , screenwriter , voice actor , childrens book author and illustrator , non-fiction author - Bruce Aven β retired Major League Baseball player - Brian Birdwell ( B.S. , criminal justice , 1984 ) β member of the Texas State Senate and survivor of the Pentagon attack of September 11 , 2001 - Ronnie Black β PGA Tour professional golfer - Jack Brooks β former Congressman , served more than 40 years in the U.S . House of Representatives - Keith Carter β photographer - Trevor Dodds β Namibian professional golfer - Johnny Fuller β former defensive back , San Francisco 49ers - Jim Gilligan β one of the NCAAs most winning baseball coaches - James Gulley ( born 1965 ) - former professional basketball player for Ironi Ramat Gan in the Israeli Basketball Premier League - Midde Hamrin β Olympian marathon runner - Marvin Hayes β artist - Clay Hensley β pitcher , Houston Astros - Clarence Kea β NBA player - Nick Lampson β former Congressman ; served in the U.S . House of Representatives from two Texas districts - Bill Macatee β TV sports announcer - Bob McDill β singer/songwriter - Kevin Millar β MLB World Champion , Boston Red Sox - Wayne Moore β retired NFL player - Claude H . Nash β CEO of Bloodstone Ventures ; researcher - Robert Nichols β Texas politician - Bum Phillips β former head coach and general manager of the Houston Oilers - Colin Ridgeway β Australian Olympian ; former NFL player ; first Australian to play in the NFL - Brian Sanches β pitcher , Philadelphia Phillies - Elvin Santos β former Vice President of Honduras - Eugene Seale β former NFL player - Chris Stroud β PGA Tour professional golfer - Lynn Sweat β artist and illustrator of Amelia Bedelia childrens books - Billy Tubbs β former college basketball coach - Jerry Wilkerson β artist - Ray Woodard β head football coach , NFL player - Jen Wyatt β Canadian LPGA golfer - Anthony Iapoce β Former Major League Baseball Player . Current Hitting coach for the Chicago Cubs People associated with Lamar . - Steve Molyneux β UK educational leader and Microsoft Professor of Global Educational Leadership - Al Vincent β Major League Baseball coach External links . - Lamar Athletics website
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[
"Lamar University"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lamar University ( Lamar or LU ) is a public university in Beaumont , Texas . Lamar has been a member of the Texas State University System since 1995 . It was the flagship institution of the former Lamar University System . As of the fall of 2020 , the university enrollment was 17,488 students . Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board reportable enrollment was 15,799 Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas .",
"title": "Lamar University"
},
{
"text": " Louis R . Pietzsch founded a public junior college in Beaumonts South Park . Lamar University started on September 17 , 1923 as South Park Junior College , operating on the unused third floor of the new South Park High School . Pietzsch acted as the first president of the college . South Park Junior College became the first college in Texas to receive Texas Department of Education approval during the first year of operation , and became fully accredited in 1925 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1932 , the college administration , recognizing that the junior college was serving the region rather than just the community , renamed it as Lamar College . It was named for Mirabeau B . Lamar , the second president of the Republic of Texas , who arranged to set aside land in counties for public schools . A statue of him was installed in the quadrangle of the campus near the Setzer Student Center . In 1933 , the college was moving toward independence from South Park High School when construction began on new facilities . By 1942 ,",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the college was completely independent of the South Park school district , and operations moved to the current campus .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " With the end of World War II , an influx of veterans boosted enrollment . The Lamar board of trustees asked the Texas Legislature to promote Lamar College to a four-year state college . The initial attempt in 1947 , led in the Texas House of Representatives by Jack Brooks and in the Texas Senate by W . R . Cousins Jr. , failed , but the following year the two sponsors again advanced the bill through both houses . On June 14 , 1949 , Governor Beauford Jester signed the bill creating Lamar State College of Technology .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Enrollment continued to grow throughout the 1950s and 1960s , reaching 10,000 students . Graduate work was authorized in 1960 , when masters degrees were offered in several fields . In 1969 , Lamar State College opened its first branch at a center in Orange , Texas . In 1970 , Lamar State College began offering its first doctoral program , the Doctor of Engineering . In 1971 the colleges name was officially changed to Lamar University .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "A group of African American veterans of World War II , barred from admission on the grounds of race and calling themselves the Negro Goodwill Council , protested to Governor Beauford Jester about the exclusion of blacks from Lamar State College . They attempted to block passage of the bill to change Lamar into a state-supported senior college , which resulted in John Gray , Lamars president , creating a black branch of Lamar called Jefferson Junior College . It opened with evening classes at Charlton-Pollard High School . In 1952 , James Briscoe , a graduate of Charlton-Pollard High",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "School , applied to Lamar . His parents were laborers and members of the Beaumont chapter of the NAACP . The admissions office notified him that on the basis of his transcript , he was qualified to enroll for the spring term of 1951 . On January 29 , when Briscoe went to register for classes , Lamars acting president G . A . Wimberly explained that a mistake had been made and suggested he apply to TSUN , now named Texas Southern University . State law , he said , created Lamar for whites only . In the summer",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "of 1955 , Versie Jackson and Henry Cooper Jr . became the lead plaintiffs of a class action lawsuit , Jackson v . McDonald , which sought to end Lamars policy of racial segregation . Lamar Cecil , federal judge , ruled on July 30 , 1956 , that Lamars βwhite youthβ only admissions policy was unconstitutional and that September , a total of twenty-six blacks were admitted to the college amid violent protests at the campus gates and throughout the region for a number of weeks until Texas Rangers arrived and the rule of law restored .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1975 , the university merged with Port Arthur College in Port Arthur , Texas , creating Lamar University-Port Arthur . In 1983 , state Senator Carl A . Parker sponsored a bill creating the Lamar University System . In 1986 , Lamar University-Orange and Lamar University-Port Arthur were granted accreditation separate from the main campus . Lamar Institute of Technology was created in 1990 in Beaumont to provide technical , business , health , and industrial education through programs two years or fewer in length .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "In 1995 , the Lamar University System was incorporated into the Texas State University System . In the fall of 1998 the Lamar University faculty numbered 423 and student enrollment was 8,241 . Total enrollment reached 15,000 students in Fall 2012 . In the late 1990s , Lamar began undertaking campus improvement projects .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": " In 2001 , the University began replacing its 1960s-vintage residence halls with new apartment-style housing facilities , dubbed Cardinal Village . In March 2005 , the gym underwent extensive renovation and adjacent to it , a new recreational sports center was built . The $19 million center , named the Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center , opened in April 2007 .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "In August 2007 , the University completed construction on Cardinal Village IV , a $16-million expansion of its residence halls . The University completed construction of Cardinal Village Phase V in August 2010 bringing on-campus housing capacity to 2,500 students .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": " The University , in anticipation of the return of football program in 2010 , renovated and upgraded Provost Umphrey Stadium ( formerly Cardinal Stadium ) and a new state-of-the-art Dauphin Athletic Complex . In October 2014 , Lamar broke ground for an administration building to be named the Wayne A . Reaud Building . The building houses the newly established Reaud Honors College . Another recent project included renovation of the Setzer Student Center . The renovation project had a $28,000,000 cost . The renovated building was opened on April 12 , 2018 .",
"title": "Recent history"
},
{
"text": "Lamar offers 96 undergraduate , 50 masters and eight doctoral degree programs in seven academic colleges . The academic colleges are the College of Engineering , College of Education and Human Development , College of Business , College of Fine Arts and Communication , the College of Arts and Sciences , the College of Graduate Studies , and the Reaud Honors College . Lamar is classified as a Doctoral Research University by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and is one of only two universities classified as such within the Texas State University System . Lamar and Kunming",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "University of Science and Technology in southwest China have an exchange program that allows Chinese students to attend Lamar for one year while pursuing their bachelors degree .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "The university also has many academic units that fall outside of the five main colleges . The College of Graduate Studies handles graduate students . The Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement offers training and support to faculty and runs the universitys Active and Collaborative Engagement for Students ( ACES ) Program . The ACES program is designed to provide support to high risk students and integrate active learning methods into all core courses at LU . The university also provides secondary education through the Texas Academy for Leadership in the Humanities , stateu.com and the Texas Governors School .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2009 , Lamar University partnered with the University of Texas at Arlington to create an online dual credit program for high school students in Texas , stateu.com . The partnership between the two universities operates at the website stateu.com . Online dual credit courses are available for free to high school students through state funding via House Bill 3646 . The BAAS online degree completion program , an expansion of a degree the university has offered for almost 20 years , is offered online through Lamar University Academic Partnerships .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "Recognition , awards and ranking .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "In August 2010 , the American Council of Trustees and Alumni ( ACTA ) released a study on core curriculum standards for 715 four-year institutions . The study compared colleges on their commitment to core subjects deemed essential to a well-rounded , competitive education . Lamar was one of only 16 institutions to receive an A rating . The study was featured in the Washington Post with a tag line Forget Harvard and think Lamar . In October 2010 , the university announced they would raise admission standards for the second time in two years because of the increased enrollment",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": ". The enrollment standards increase took effect in the fall of 2011 .",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " Lamar was ranked in Tier Two of National Universities by the U.S . News & World Reports 2015 ranking . According to the site , 76.6% of students who applied to Lamar in 2013 were admitted . Lamar is ranked in several 2015 U.S . News & World Report categories . - Best Nursing Schools β 181 ( tied ) - Best Speech-Language Pathology β 220 - Best Online Bachelors Programs β 47 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Justice Programs β 31 ( tied ) - Best Online Graduate Education Programs β 35 ( tied )",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": "- Best Online Graduate Nursing Programs β 74 ( tied )",
"title": "Academics"
},
{
"text": " The College of Engineering has 10 research centers under its authority . These are coordinated under the Texas Centers for Technology Incubation ( TCTI ) . The college also participates in the Texas Space Grant Consortium , which sponsors research on space based technologies .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": "The Dan F . Smith Department of Chemical Engineering was established with a $5 million donation from Dan F . Smith in 2009 . The program continually produces the same or more M.S . in Chemical Engineering graduates than universities such as Stanford , IIT and MIT . The building housing the Ph.D . in Chemical Engineering program was dedicated the Charles and Eleanor Garrett Engineering Center in Fall 2012 .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering offers eight degree programs . The Philip M . Drayer Department of Electrical Engineering was endowed with a $5 million gift from Philip M . Drayer in 2007 . The department has many successful alumni in the industry including Phil Drayer ( LUEE β67 ) , and Charles Garrett ( LUEE β59 ) inventor and founder of Garrett Metal Detectors .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": "The Industrial Engineering department offers two undergraduate degrees : B.S . Industrial Engineering , and B.S . in Industrial Technology ; and four graduate degrees : Master of Engineering Industrial Engineering , Master of Science Industrial Engineering , Doctor of Engineering in Industrial Engineering , and Master of Engineering Management .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The Mechanical Engineering department offers both undergraduate degree ( B.S ) as well as graduate degrees , consisting of degrees programs in Master of Engineering ( M.E. ) , Master of Engineering Science ( M.E.S ) and Doctor of Engineering ( D.E. ) . The department is affiliated with ASME and ASTM .",
"title": "College of Engineering"
},
{
"text": " The University established the College of Business in 1972 . Prior to this time , degrees in business and economics were granted by the Division of Business , which was established in 1951 , and the School of Business , established in 1954 . All undergraduate and graduate degree programs of the College of Business are accredited by AACSB International . Four departments β Accounting and Business Law ; Economics and Finance ; Information Systems and Analysis ; and Management and Marketing β make up the",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "College of Business . The Bachelor of Business Administration degree is granted in all areas . A Bachelor of Science degree is granted in Economics . In Fall 2008 , the College of Business acquired a new program , the Reese Construction Management program , with a $1.25 million donation from Jerry and Sheila Reese . The program is headed by Steve McCrary Ph.D .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The Aspen Institute Center for Business Educations 2011β2012 edition of Beyond Grey Pinstripes ranked Lamars MBA program in the top 100 in the world for the third consecutive year . In November 2010 , Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen created the Janie Nelson Steinhagen and Mark Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment in the College of Business . The endowment will provide graduate students and faculty with opportunities to gain first-hand knowledge of the global marketplace . Students taking advantage of the Steinhagen Global Fellows Endowment will travel abroad accompanied by a College of Business faculty Steinhagen Global Fellow . They",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "will participate in classes and seminars with other students , visit businesses and experience the culture of the country β all at an advanced level .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " Through the Entrepreneurship Lecture Series , endowed by a business alumnus , students and faculty have the opportunity to be inspired by the worlds leading entrepreneurs . The series brings high profile and dynamic speakers to the campus yearly . College of Education and Human Development . The College of Education and Human Development comprises five departments : Educational Leadership , Family & Consumer Sciences , Health & Kinesiology , Counseling and Special Populations and Professional Pedagogy .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The teacher preparation and education graduate programs of the College of Education and Human Development are accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education ( NCATE ) at both the initial teacher preparation and advanced preparation levels . Lamar is among the largest educators of teachers in the nation due to its large Masters in Education program .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " The College hosts the Governors School of Texas , a three-week summer program for gifted high school students . College of Arts and Sciences .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The College of Arts and Sciences fields of study include Physics , Mathematics , Computer Science , Biology , Chemistry , Nursing , Music , English , Earth Science , Foreign Language , History , Political Science , Criminal Justice and Psychology . The College is home to the JoAnne Gay Dishman School of Nursing . The nursing department consists of BSN and ADN degrees . The master of nursing online program in the Lamar University JoAnne Gay Dishman Department of Nursing has been ranked second in the nation for excellence in faculty credentials and training by U.S . News",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "& World Report in Fall 2012 .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "The College of Fine Arts and Communication offers degree programs in communication fields such as Journalism and Broadcasting , Speech and Hearing sciences , Sign Language , and Deaf Education . Lamar University is one of five universities in Texas which offer a clinical doctorate in audiology program . Fine arts degree programs such as Art , Theater , Music and Dance department programs are housed in the Music , Theater , and Art buildings . The college is home to the Mary Morgan Moore Department of Music . The department of communications operates LUTV , a local educational access",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": "television station , and KVLU ( FM 91.3 ) a National Public Radio station . The Department of Arts faculty includes internationally acclaimed artists Keith Carter and Prince Varughese Thomas .",
"title": "College of Business"
},
{
"text": " The Reaud Honors College , established in the fall of 2014 , became the ninth honors college in the state of Texas . The honors program has been part of the universitys academic offering since 1963 . The 45,000 sq ft Wayne A . Reaud Building , which houses the honors college as well as university administration offices , broke ground on October 7 , 2014 . The honors college is a member of the National Collegiate Honors Council and the Great Plains Honor Council .",
"title": "Reaud Honors College"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University campus is located off of Martin Luther King Boulevard , near U.S . Highway 69 , in the southeast part of Beaumont , Texas . The campus is from the Jack Brooks Regional Airport , from the Neches River and from Downtown Beaumont . The Big Thicket National Preserve , Village Creek State Park , and the Gulf of Mexico are all located within 30 minutes of the school . Facilities include the 10,080 seat Montagne Center , the eight-story Mary and John Gray Library and the 16,000 seat Provost Umphrey Stadium .",
"title": "Campus"
},
{
"text": "Cardinal Village is the universitys community of apartment-style dormitories , part of Lamar Universitys investment in student life on campus . As of 2010 , there were five Phases of Cardinal Village with the capacity to house 2500 students . Each room includes a private bedroom , furnished with the necessities of college life such as a mini-refrigerator , microwave , computer desk , telephone outlets , cable TV access , and easy connectivity to the Universitys network . Cardinal Village housing also offers community centers , study areas , meeting rooms , fitness centers , a swimming pool ,",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "on-site laundry facilities , basketball and volleyball courts , social lounges , and parking . During the summer of 2011 all five phases of Cardinal village were renamed for previously-demolished residence halls on campus : Phase I β Gentry Hall , Phase II β Morris Hall , Phase III β Combs Hall , Phase IV β Campbell Hall and Phase V β Monroe Hall .",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The tallest structure on campus at eight stories , the Mary and John Gray Library serves as a landmark for the university . Named after Mary and John Gray , considered to be the βfirst coupleβ of the university , the red brick structure took two and a half years to complete . The library holds extensive physical and digital collections , including 395,003 physical books , 99,548 e-books , and 142 digital databases , and provides access to current journal content from 48,851 journals . The library provides its users with a variety of digital tools , such as",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "the online catalog and EBSCO EDS , an integrated search discovery system that allows single searches across multiple databases . Faculty and students can gain access to materials not held by our library through a robust interlibrary loan service and document delivery , in which we purchase journal articles on demand at no cost to the user . A service-oriented staff provides face-to-face , phone , and chat research assistance , as well as extensive subject guides and self-paced online tutorials to assist all Lamar users in using library resources to best advantage .",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center was completed in 2007 at a cost of $19 million . The construction included renovation of the McDonald Gym , which had previously served as the universitys sports center and home of the volleyball program . The naming of the center was made possible by a $5 million donation by local attorney Walter Umphrey in 2005 . The center includes a cardiovascular room , a one-tenth-mile walking/jogging track , a climbing wall , basketball , indoor floor hockey/soccer arena , volleyball , badminton courts , and racquetball courts . The center also sports a",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "wellness and fitness center , health food cafΓ© and juice bar . The lounge areas include pool tables , putting green , air hockey , foosball , video games and large screen TV . The center is home to the Recreational Sports Office , which organizes and hosts intramural sports leagues and sport clubs teams such as volleyball , basketball , flag football , cricket , badminton , indoor soccer , pool , ultimate frisbee , and tennis . The tennis club made back-to-back appearances at the national tournament as they won Club of the Year for 2015 and 2016",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Cardinal Village"
},
{
"text": "The Universitys Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall was completed in 2006 for $6.2 million and is named for Southeast Texas congressman Jack Brooks and former Texas governor Allan Shivers . The hall is set on a food court-style floor plan that offers a variety of seating areas from barstools to booths . Dining options range from a salad bar , grill and central bakery to pizza , stir fry , Mexican food , pasta , deli and soup stations . The facility has interiors which include artwork created by Lamar University art students and faculty . On-campus food services are provided by",
"title": "Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall"
},
{
"text": "external company Chartwells , which , in addition to the dining hall , provides options including franchised fast food chains and coffee shops .",
"title": "Brooks-Shivers Dining Hall"
},
{
"text": " The Setzer Student Center ( or the Set , as it is known by students ) hosts social and cultural activities throughout the year and is the hub for campus student organizations . The lounge areas , Mirabeaus CafΓ© and the Cardinals Nest eatery provide students with a place to socialize and relax . The Setzer Center also houses the bookstore , which stocks textbooks , school supplies , and Lamar University/Lamar Cardinals merchandise . Administrative divisions located in the Set include the Center for Teaching and Learning Enhancement and the Office of Planning and Assessment .",
"title": "Setzer Student Center"
},
{
"text": "During the Spring 2012 semester , the Student Government Association , led by then-president Andrew Greenberg , passed a student-wide referendum to finance renovation and remodeling the Setzer Student Center . The vote was passed with 81% approval . The $28 million project was completed in 2018 with reopening of the center on April 12 , 2018 .",
"title": "Setzer Student Center"
},
{
"text": " The Dishman Art Museum serves as a teaching facility and art museum for Lamar . It was established in 1983 . The museum offers students an opportunity to experience diverse styles that reflect international trends , as well as a chance to exhibit their own work . Admission is free . The museums permanent collection includes 19th- and 20th-century paintings from American and European artists , as well as tribal art from Africa , New Guinea , and Pre-Columbian Mexico .",
"title": "Dishman Art Museum"
},
{
"text": " The Spindletop-Gladys City Museum is an open-air museum . The museum commemorates the 1901 discovery of oil by the Lucas Gusher in Beaumont . The oil discovery was located on Spindletop salt dome in South Beaumont . The boomtown that sprung up around the well was known as Gladys City . 100,000 barrels of oil were soon produced per day , making it the most productive in the world at that time . This productivity sparked an oil boom in Texas that continues to this day .",
"title": "Spindletop-Gladys City Museum"
},
{
"text": "The Lamar Cardinals ( or Cards ) refers to the collegiate athletic teams of Lamar University . The inception of the nickname Cardinals dates back to the schools name change to Lamar in 1932 . The teams compete in NCAA Division I athletics for all of its varsity sports . Lamar has participated in practically every level of collegiate athletics from its inception as a junior college in 1923 to its gaining university status in 1971 . Lamar fields teams in each of the seventeen sports the Southland Conference sponsors . Lamar sponsors fifteen teams ( seven mens and eight",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": "womens ) that compete in the NCAAs Southland Conference for those seventeen sports . The newest teams are the reinstated football team beginning in 2010 , and womens softball which began play in the 2013 season . With the addition of softball , Lamar is the only Southland Conference program to sponsor all mens and womens sports .",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": " The Cardinals participate in mens and womens basketball , golf , indoor and outdoor track and field , cross country , tennis , womens soccer , softball and volleyball , and mens baseball and football .",
"title": "Athletics"
},
{
"text": "Under former head coach Larry Kennan , Cardinal fans responded when he delivered a 6-3-2 club in 1979 , his first season with the team . Lamar set all-time attendance records under Kennan by averaging 16,380 in 1980 . Games against Louisiana Tech ( 17,600 ) and West Texas State ( 17,250 ) rank second and third , respectively , behind the standing-room-only 18,500 Baylor drew for the 1980 opener . The football programs signature win came on September 5 , 1981 in Waco ; the Cardinals triumphed with an 18β17 win over the UPI #20 ranked Baylor Bears .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "In 1987 Lamar football went independent to join the American South Conference , and the program was dropped altogether in 1989 .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "On January 30 , 2008 , 78% of Lamar students voted to approve the athletics fee required for footballs resurrection . This vote set in motion the football teams return for the 2010 season . Regents of The Texas State University System approved the athletics fee to reinstate football at its regular meeting February 20 , 2008 . On May 19 , 2008 , Ray Woodard was chosen as head coach for the football program . Thanks to a major gift from an anonymous donor , the football field now bears the name W.S . βBudβ Leonard Field , named",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "for a former player and longtime Lamar advocate and regent .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University Cardinals football team returned to the gridiron after a 21-year hiatus , on September 4 , 2010 . The first-year squad compiled a respectable 5β6 record . The Cardinals opened Southland Conference play in 2011 . The return of football to Lamar University is in part due to a generous donation from Beaumont-based law firm Provost Umphrey . To help renovate the stadium , Walter Umphrey and his wife Sheila also made a personal donation . The stadium is now named Provost Umphrey Stadium .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": "In December 2016 , Mike Schultz was named the programs second head coach since its return . After recording just one winning record in its first nine seasons since being brought back , Schultz guided the Cardinals to a 7β5 record and a third-place finish in the Southland Conference in just his second season . After a 1β4 start to the year , LU closed the regular season by rattling off six-straight wins to earn the programs first berth in the NCAA FCS Playoffs where it faced Northern Iowa .",
"title": "Football"
},
{
"text": " Founded in 1924 , the mens and womens basketball teams at Lamar have both advanced deep into the NCAA tournament . The mens team has four NIT appearances , six NCAA tournament appearances , four second round appearances , and one sweet 16 appearance . The womens team has four WNIT appearance , two NCAA tournament appearances , and one Elite Eight appearance .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": "The mens program has been coached by fourteen head coaches including Billy Tubbs , Pat Foster , Pat Knight and Tic Price , the current head coach . The womens team has been coached by thirteen head coaches including current head coach , Aqua Franklin .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": " Over the years , both the mens and womens programs have had the highest average attendance in the Southland Conference . Both play in the 10,080-seat Montagne Center .",
"title": "Basketball"
},
{
"text": "The Lamar Cardinals baseball team represents Lamar University and competes in the Southland Conference , and is an NCAA Division I program . Current head coach Will Davis was hired from LSU in January 2016 to replace legendary coach Jim Gilligan . A former player , Gilligan guided the program for all but five seasons ( 1987β91 ) from 1973 through 2016 . The LU Hall of Honor and Texas Baseball Hall of Fame member won more than 1,300 games during his career . The Cardinals baseball teams lead the Southland Conference with 10 regular season titles and has participated",
"title": "Baseball"
},
{
"text": "in the NCAA Division I Regionals 13 times .",
"title": "Baseball"
},
{
"text": " In fall 2018 , Lamar enrolled almost 15,000 students . The student body was 36% male and 64% female . Ethnically , 47% identified as White , 25% Black/African-American , 18% Hispanic or Latino , 4% Asian , 3% International , and 2% Other .",
"title": "Student demographics"
},
{
"text": " The University Press , also known as the UP , is the student newspaper of Lamar . The paper was previously known as the SPark Plug and the Red Bird before becoming the University Press in recognition of Lamar gaining university status in 1971 .",
"title": "University Press"
},
{
"text": "91.3 FM KVLU public radio is an NPR affiliate station broadcasting throughout southeast Texas . It is licensed to Lamar University with studios located on campus and a transmitter site located in Rose City . Launched in 1974 , the station operates independently and features a diverse 24/7 schedule of programs including NPR news morning , midday and afternoon as well as locally produced music programs , local features and radio documentaries , etc . As part of the Universitys College of Fine Arts and Communication and the Lamar University Media Alliance , KVLU also serves as a real world",
"title": "KVLU"
},
{
"text": "laboratory , providing training in audio broadcasting and radio production for students interested in pursuing careers in communication . The station is largely member supported with additional support coming from the University and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as well as program underwriters .",
"title": "KVLU"
},
{
"text": " LUTV News is the weekly newscast produced by students in the Department of Communication at Lamar University . Broadcast journalism students are required to pitch , shoot , write and edit news content for each weeks 30-minute program . Production is led by student producers , directors and crew members , which gives students practical news production experience . LUTV News is broadcast via Spectrum Cable on LUTV-7 in Beaumont , Texas .",
"title": "LUTV"
},
{
"text": " Airing on Time Warner Digital Cable channels 0007 and 6.7 , LUTV is the official channel of Lamar University and is owned and operated by the Department of Communication and Media . Ch . 7 airs a wide array of programming such as student/faculty films and artworks , promotional videos , distinguished lectures and events , sports games , talk shows , student produced newscasts , public domain films , and documentaries .",
"title": "LUTV Channel 7"
},
{
"text": " The Lamar University Media Alliance ( LUMA ) , consisting of KVLU public radio ( 91.3 FM ) ; LUTV Productions and LUTV 7 Cablecasting provides outreach programming to serve the general public and hands-on instructional opportunities for students .",
"title": "LUMA"
},
{
"text": " Lamar boasts 19 national fraternities and sororities . College Panhellenic Council ( CPC ) is the governing body for the three National Pan-Hellenic Council chapters at LU . National Pan-Hellenic Council ( NPHC ) governs the nine historically African American fraternities and sororities . The Inter-Fraternity Council ( IFC ) governs mens fraternities . The Multicultural Greek Council ( MGC ) governs three multicultural Greek-letter organizations , two sororities and one fraternity .",
"title": "Greeks"
},
{
"text": " - Alpha Phi Alpha - Sigma Phi Delta - Alpha Tau Omega - Pi Kappa Alpha - Sigma Nu - Phi Beta Sigma - Kappa Alpha Psi - Kappa Alpha Order - Omega Psi Phi - Phi Iota Alpha",
"title": "Fraternities"
},
{
"text": " - Alpha Delta Pi - Zeta Tau Alpha - Kappa Delta Chi - Alpha Kappa Alpha - Alpha Chi Omega - Delta Sigma Theta - Zeta Phi Beta - Sigma Gamma Rho - Sigma Sigma Rho",
"title": "Sororities"
},
{
"text": " The Alumni of Lamar University have gone on to distinguish themselves in every aspect of society . The school has an alumni base numbering over 75,000 . Lamar has the highest median starting and mid-career salary of the four universities in the Texas State University System . Several Cardinals have gone on to distinguish themselves nationally and internationally in sports , such as PGA Tour golfer Chris Stroud , MLB player Kevin Millar , and college coaches such as Billy Tubbs and Jim Gilligan .",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "Jack Brooks , Nick Lampson and Elvin Santos have gone on to be national politicians .",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - John Alexander β painter - Kelly Asbury β film director , screenwriter , voice actor , childrens book author and illustrator , non-fiction author - Bruce Aven β retired Major League Baseball player - Brian Birdwell ( B.S. , criminal justice , 1984 ) β member of the Texas State Senate and survivor of the Pentagon attack of September 11 , 2001 - Ronnie Black β PGA Tour professional golfer - Jack Brooks β former Congressman , served more than 40 years in the U.S . House of Representatives - Keith Carter β photographer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Trevor Dodds β Namibian professional golfer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Johnny Fuller β former defensive back , San Francisco 49ers - Jim Gilligan β one of the NCAAs most winning baseball coaches - James Gulley ( born 1965 ) - former professional basketball player for Ironi Ramat Gan in the Israeli Basketball Premier League - Midde Hamrin β Olympian marathon runner - Marvin Hayes β artist - Clay Hensley β pitcher , Houston Astros - Clarence Kea β NBA player - Nick Lampson β former Congressman ; served in the U.S . House of Representatives from two Texas districts - Bill Macatee β TV sports announcer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Bob McDill β singer/songwriter",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Kevin Millar β MLB World Champion , Boston Red Sox - Wayne Moore β retired NFL player - Claude H . Nash β CEO of Bloodstone Ventures ; researcher - Robert Nichols β Texas politician - Bum Phillips β former head coach and general manager of the Houston Oilers - Colin Ridgeway β Australian Olympian ; former NFL player ; first Australian to play in the NFL - Brian Sanches β pitcher , Philadelphia Phillies - Elvin Santos β former Vice President of Honduras - Eugene Seale β former NFL player",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": "- Chris Stroud β PGA Tour professional golfer",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Lynn Sweat β artist and illustrator of Amelia Bedelia childrens books - Billy Tubbs β former college basketball coach - Jerry Wilkerson β artist - Ray Woodard β head football coach , NFL player - Jen Wyatt β Canadian LPGA golfer - Anthony Iapoce β Former Major League Baseball Player . Current Hitting coach for the Chicago Cubs People associated with Lamar . - Steve Molyneux β UK educational leader and Microsoft Professor of Global Educational Leadership - Al Vincent β Major League Baseball coach",
"title": "Alumni"
},
{
"text": " - Lamar Athletics website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Harriet_Hunt#P2962#0
|
Which title was conferred to Harriet Hunt in 1999?
|
Harriet Hunt Harriet Vaughan Hunt ( born 4 February 1978 in Oxford ) is an English chess player and four times British Ladies champion . She is a researcher in archaeogenetics at the University of Cambridge . Playing history . A high-profile player from an early age , Hunt won five British Junior Girls titles between 1989 and 1991 . Even more significant was her ( 1991 ) share of the British Junior Under-14 title , when she became the first girl to compete victoriously in the Boys/Open section of the national championships . At 16 , she made her debut for the English Ladies Olympiad Team . Her result at the event included a draw with future Ladies World Champion Antoaneta Stefanova . Her performances at the World Youth Chess Championships included a bronze at Under-14 level ( Duisburg , 1992 ) and silver from the Cala Galdana Under-18 event of 1996 . Between 1995 and 1999 she was British Ladies Champion four times . Then in 1997 , she won the World Girls ( Under-20 ) Championship in Ε»agaΕ , at the end of a year out between school and her Plant Science studies at Cambridge University . In Pula the same year and by then a Woman International Master , she scored 5/7 on board 2 at the European Team Chess Championship and this contributed to the English Ladies Teams third-place finish and a team bronze medal . 1997 was also the year that Hunt was invited by chess organiser Johan Zwanepol to compete at the Groningen Open Grandmaster tournament . Zwanepol had been an arbiter at her Zagan victory and was keen to see further progress . Her result of 6/11 was probably as good as could be expected in such a strong competition ( the entry included over 30 grandmasters headed by Mikhail Gurevich , Jaan Ehlvest , Tony Miles , Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu , Suat AtalΔ±k , Sergei Tiviakov etc. ) . By 1999 , Hunt had attained the title of Woman Grandmaster and at the Batumi European Team Championship played board 1 , returning a 7/9 performance to win the individual gold medal . She was awarded the International Master title in 2000 , the same year that she graduated with a B.A . from St . Johns College . Pursuing an academic career , she commenced a PhD and Research Fellowship at Cambridge , specialising in archaeogenetics , a subject allied to her degree . In July of that year , her chess reached a new career high when an Elo rating of 2454 placed her at 16th in the Worlds top 100 women . In 2001 , she led the English ladies once more to the European Team Championship ( in LeΓ³n , Spain ) and again returned with a team bronze medal . At the 2004 Chess Olympiad in CalviΓ , she narrowly missed out on a medal after scoring 9.5/13 , for a rating performance of 2558 , including a notable victory over Humpy Koneru . Good results were also forthcoming in individual competition , including international tournaments at London ( Agency ) , Cappelle-la-Grande , Berlin ( Summer Festival ) , Stockholm ( Rilton Cup ) and Hastings . She regularly matched the performances of male Grandmasters at these events and occasionally defeated them . She has two younger brothers , Adam , who is also an International Master of chess and Laurence , a cognitive neuroscientist . Hunt has been a Cambridge team member at the annual Varsity ( Oxford vs Cambridge ) match β historically the worlds longest running series of matches . At the millennium event , she contested an all-girl pair-up with former World Girls ( Under-18 ) Champion , Ruth Sheldon . The game was originally slotted as a board 2 encounter , but its elevation to top board brought the match increased publicity and a unique place in the history of the event . Their individual game finished a hard-fought draw , but Cambridge went on to win the match by the narrowest of margins . In regular University team competition she has represented Jesus College Chess Society in the highest student league . The team shared first place in the 2005/06 season , losing only to Emmanuel College , and Hunt scored 100% on top board . At a national level , she plays in the 4NCL , representing Betsson.com in the 2006/7 and 2007/08 seasons and more recently , Pride and Prejudice . In Germany , she has played in the ( Ladies ) Bundesliga . Having completed her Doctorate , Harriet Hunt is currently employed by Cambridge University as a Research Associate at the McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research . Less active as a chess player , she nevertheless manages to maintain a high rating , preserving her status as Englands top woman player and holding a regular place in the worlds top 50 women . In 2008 , she participated at the Stockholm Ladies Open , held in TΓ€by , a northern municipality . The event was described by Hunt as one of the largest and best funded womens tournaments of all time and she performed well , finishing on 6Β½/9 , a half-point behind overall winner Anna Muzychuk , whom she defeated in their personal encounter in round 6 . Sample games . - Koneru-Hunt , 0-1 , Calvia Olympiad , 2004 . Black skilfully outmanoeuvres her highly rated opponent on the queenside , obtaining a lasting advantage and a winning ending . - Cramling-Hunt , 0-1 , Womens Chess Cup , Dresden , 2006 . Blacks understanding of the positional requirements , combined with queenside pressure creates insurmountable problems for a player rated 100 Elo points higher . - Hunt-Muzychuk , 1-0 , Stockholm Ladies Tournament , 2008 . Whites provocative central and kingside play exposes the Black king , with lethal consequences . References . - Olimpbase β Olympiads and other Team event information - Jon Speelman on Varsity Match - English results around the world : 1974β2006 External links . - Personal academic page
|
[
"Woman Grandmaster"
] |
[
{
"text": " Harriet Vaughan Hunt ( born 4 February 1978 in Oxford ) is an English chess player and four times British Ladies champion . She is a researcher in archaeogenetics at the University of Cambridge .",
"title": "Harriet Hunt"
},
{
"text": " A high-profile player from an early age , Hunt won five British Junior Girls titles between 1989 and 1991 . Even more significant was her ( 1991 ) share of the British Junior Under-14 title , when she became the first girl to compete victoriously in the Boys/Open section of the national championships . At 16 , she made her debut for the English Ladies Olympiad Team . Her result at the event included a draw with future Ladies World Champion Antoaneta Stefanova .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Her performances at the World Youth Chess Championships included a bronze at Under-14 level ( Duisburg , 1992 ) and silver from the Cala Galdana Under-18 event of 1996 .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Then in 1997 , she won the World Girls ( Under-20 ) Championship in Ε»agaΕ , at the end of a year out between school and her Plant Science studies at Cambridge University . In Pula the same year and by then a Woman International Master , she scored 5/7 on board 2 at the European Team Chess Championship and this contributed to the English Ladies Teams third-place finish and a team bronze medal . 1997 was also the year that Hunt was invited by chess organiser Johan Zwanepol to compete at the Groningen Open Grandmaster tournament . Zwanepol had",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "been an arbiter at her Zagan victory and was keen to see further progress . Her result of 6/11 was probably as good as could be expected in such a strong competition ( the entry included over 30 grandmasters headed by Mikhail Gurevich , Jaan Ehlvest , Tony Miles , Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu , Suat AtalΔ±k , Sergei Tiviakov etc. ) .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " By 1999 , Hunt had attained the title of Woman Grandmaster and at the Batumi European Team Championship played board 1 , returning a 7/9 performance to win the individual gold medal .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "She was awarded the International Master title in 2000 , the same year that she graduated with a B.A . from St . Johns College . Pursuing an academic career , she commenced a PhD and Research Fellowship at Cambridge , specialising in archaeogenetics , a subject allied to her degree . In July of that year , her chess reached a new career high when an Elo rating of 2454 placed her at 16th in the Worlds top 100 women . In 2001 , she led the English ladies once more to the European Team Championship ( in LeΓ³n",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": ", Spain ) and again returned with a team bronze medal .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " At the 2004 Chess Olympiad in CalviΓ , she narrowly missed out on a medal after scoring 9.5/13 , for a rating performance of 2558 , including a notable victory over Humpy Koneru .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Good results were also forthcoming in individual competition , including international tournaments at London ( Agency ) , Cappelle-la-Grande , Berlin ( Summer Festival ) , Stockholm ( Rilton Cup ) and Hastings . She regularly matched the performances of male Grandmasters at these events and occasionally defeated them . She has two younger brothers , Adam , who is also an International Master of chess and Laurence , a cognitive neuroscientist .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Hunt has been a Cambridge team member at the annual Varsity ( Oxford vs Cambridge ) match β historically the worlds longest running series of matches . At the millennium event , she contested an all-girl pair-up with former World Girls ( Under-18 ) Champion , Ruth Sheldon . The game was originally slotted as a board 2 encounter , but its elevation to top board brought the match increased publicity and a unique place in the history of the event . Their individual game finished a hard-fought draw , but Cambridge went on to win the match by the",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "narrowest of margins .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " In regular University team competition she has represented Jesus College Chess Society in the highest student league . The team shared first place in the 2005/06 season , losing only to Emmanuel College , and Hunt scored 100% on top board . At a national level , she plays in the 4NCL , representing Betsson.com in the 2006/7 and 2007/08 seasons and more recently , Pride and Prejudice . In Germany , she has played in the ( Ladies ) Bundesliga .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Having completed her Doctorate , Harriet Hunt is currently employed by Cambridge University as a Research Associate at the McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research . Less active as a chess player , she nevertheless manages to maintain a high rating , preserving her status as Englands top woman player and holding a regular place in the worlds top 50 women .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , she participated at the Stockholm Ladies Open , held in TΓ€by , a northern municipality . The event was described by Hunt as one of the largest and best funded womens tournaments of all time and she performed well , finishing on 6Β½/9 , a half-point behind overall winner Anna Muzychuk , whom she defeated in their personal encounter in round 6 .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " - Koneru-Hunt , 0-1 , Calvia Olympiad , 2004 . Black skilfully outmanoeuvres her highly rated opponent on the queenside , obtaining a lasting advantage and a winning ending . - Cramling-Hunt , 0-1 , Womens Chess Cup , Dresden , 2006 . Blacks understanding of the positional requirements , combined with queenside pressure creates insurmountable problems for a player rated 100 Elo points higher . - Hunt-Muzychuk , 1-0 , Stockholm Ladies Tournament , 2008 . Whites provocative central and kingside play exposes the Black king , with lethal consequences .",
"title": "Sample games"
},
{
"text": " - Olimpbase β Olympiads and other Team event information - Jon Speelman on Varsity Match - English results around the world : 1974β2006",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Personal academic page",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Harriet_Hunt#P2962#1
|
Which title was conferred to Harriet Hunt in 1997?
|
Harriet Hunt Harriet Vaughan Hunt ( born 4 February 1978 in Oxford ) is an English chess player and four times British Ladies champion . She is a researcher in archaeogenetics at the University of Cambridge . Playing history . A high-profile player from an early age , Hunt won five British Junior Girls titles between 1989 and 1991 . Even more significant was her ( 1991 ) share of the British Junior Under-14 title , when she became the first girl to compete victoriously in the Boys/Open section of the national championships . At 16 , she made her debut for the English Ladies Olympiad Team . Her result at the event included a draw with future Ladies World Champion Antoaneta Stefanova . Her performances at the World Youth Chess Championships included a bronze at Under-14 level ( Duisburg , 1992 ) and silver from the Cala Galdana Under-18 event of 1996 . Between 1995 and 1999 she was British Ladies Champion four times . Then in 1997 , she won the World Girls ( Under-20 ) Championship in Ε»agaΕ , at the end of a year out between school and her Plant Science studies at Cambridge University . In Pula the same year and by then a Woman International Master , she scored 5/7 on board 2 at the European Team Chess Championship and this contributed to the English Ladies Teams third-place finish and a team bronze medal . 1997 was also the year that Hunt was invited by chess organiser Johan Zwanepol to compete at the Groningen Open Grandmaster tournament . Zwanepol had been an arbiter at her Zagan victory and was keen to see further progress . Her result of 6/11 was probably as good as could be expected in such a strong competition ( the entry included over 30 grandmasters headed by Mikhail Gurevich , Jaan Ehlvest , Tony Miles , Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu , Suat AtalΔ±k , Sergei Tiviakov etc. ) . By 1999 , Hunt had attained the title of Woman Grandmaster and at the Batumi European Team Championship played board 1 , returning a 7/9 performance to win the individual gold medal . She was awarded the International Master title in 2000 , the same year that she graduated with a B.A . from St . Johns College . Pursuing an academic career , she commenced a PhD and Research Fellowship at Cambridge , specialising in archaeogenetics , a subject allied to her degree . In July of that year , her chess reached a new career high when an Elo rating of 2454 placed her at 16th in the Worlds top 100 women . In 2001 , she led the English ladies once more to the European Team Championship ( in LeΓ³n , Spain ) and again returned with a team bronze medal . At the 2004 Chess Olympiad in CalviΓ , she narrowly missed out on a medal after scoring 9.5/13 , for a rating performance of 2558 , including a notable victory over Humpy Koneru . Good results were also forthcoming in individual competition , including international tournaments at London ( Agency ) , Cappelle-la-Grande , Berlin ( Summer Festival ) , Stockholm ( Rilton Cup ) and Hastings . She regularly matched the performances of male Grandmasters at these events and occasionally defeated them . She has two younger brothers , Adam , who is also an International Master of chess and Laurence , a cognitive neuroscientist . Hunt has been a Cambridge team member at the annual Varsity ( Oxford vs Cambridge ) match β historically the worlds longest running series of matches . At the millennium event , she contested an all-girl pair-up with former World Girls ( Under-18 ) Champion , Ruth Sheldon . The game was originally slotted as a board 2 encounter , but its elevation to top board brought the match increased publicity and a unique place in the history of the event . Their individual game finished a hard-fought draw , but Cambridge went on to win the match by the narrowest of margins . In regular University team competition she has represented Jesus College Chess Society in the highest student league . The team shared first place in the 2005/06 season , losing only to Emmanuel College , and Hunt scored 100% on top board . At a national level , she plays in the 4NCL , representing Betsson.com in the 2006/7 and 2007/08 seasons and more recently , Pride and Prejudice . In Germany , she has played in the ( Ladies ) Bundesliga . Having completed her Doctorate , Harriet Hunt is currently employed by Cambridge University as a Research Associate at the McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research . Less active as a chess player , she nevertheless manages to maintain a high rating , preserving her status as Englands top woman player and holding a regular place in the worlds top 50 women . In 2008 , she participated at the Stockholm Ladies Open , held in TΓ€by , a northern municipality . The event was described by Hunt as one of the largest and best funded womens tournaments of all time and she performed well , finishing on 6Β½/9 , a half-point behind overall winner Anna Muzychuk , whom she defeated in their personal encounter in round 6 . Sample games . - Koneru-Hunt , 0-1 , Calvia Olympiad , 2004 . Black skilfully outmanoeuvres her highly rated opponent on the queenside , obtaining a lasting advantage and a winning ending . - Cramling-Hunt , 0-1 , Womens Chess Cup , Dresden , 2006 . Blacks understanding of the positional requirements , combined with queenside pressure creates insurmountable problems for a player rated 100 Elo points higher . - Hunt-Muzychuk , 1-0 , Stockholm Ladies Tournament , 2008 . Whites provocative central and kingside play exposes the Black king , with lethal consequences . References . - Olimpbase β Olympiads and other Team event information - Jon Speelman on Varsity Match - English results around the world : 1974β2006 External links . - Personal academic page
|
[
"Woman International Master"
] |
[
{
"text": " Harriet Vaughan Hunt ( born 4 February 1978 in Oxford ) is an English chess player and four times British Ladies champion . She is a researcher in archaeogenetics at the University of Cambridge .",
"title": "Harriet Hunt"
},
{
"text": " A high-profile player from an early age , Hunt won five British Junior Girls titles between 1989 and 1991 . Even more significant was her ( 1991 ) share of the British Junior Under-14 title , when she became the first girl to compete victoriously in the Boys/Open section of the national championships . At 16 , she made her debut for the English Ladies Olympiad Team . Her result at the event included a draw with future Ladies World Champion Antoaneta Stefanova .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Her performances at the World Youth Chess Championships included a bronze at Under-14 level ( Duisburg , 1992 ) and silver from the Cala Galdana Under-18 event of 1996 .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Then in 1997 , she won the World Girls ( Under-20 ) Championship in Ε»agaΕ , at the end of a year out between school and her Plant Science studies at Cambridge University . In Pula the same year and by then a Woman International Master , she scored 5/7 on board 2 at the European Team Chess Championship and this contributed to the English Ladies Teams third-place finish and a team bronze medal . 1997 was also the year that Hunt was invited by chess organiser Johan Zwanepol to compete at the Groningen Open Grandmaster tournament . Zwanepol had",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "been an arbiter at her Zagan victory and was keen to see further progress . Her result of 6/11 was probably as good as could be expected in such a strong competition ( the entry included over 30 grandmasters headed by Mikhail Gurevich , Jaan Ehlvest , Tony Miles , Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu , Suat AtalΔ±k , Sergei Tiviakov etc. ) .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " By 1999 , Hunt had attained the title of Woman Grandmaster and at the Batumi European Team Championship played board 1 , returning a 7/9 performance to win the individual gold medal .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "She was awarded the International Master title in 2000 , the same year that she graduated with a B.A . from St . Johns College . Pursuing an academic career , she commenced a PhD and Research Fellowship at Cambridge , specialising in archaeogenetics , a subject allied to her degree . In July of that year , her chess reached a new career high when an Elo rating of 2454 placed her at 16th in the Worlds top 100 women . In 2001 , she led the English ladies once more to the European Team Championship ( in LeΓ³n",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": ", Spain ) and again returned with a team bronze medal .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " At the 2004 Chess Olympiad in CalviΓ , she narrowly missed out on a medal after scoring 9.5/13 , for a rating performance of 2558 , including a notable victory over Humpy Koneru .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Good results were also forthcoming in individual competition , including international tournaments at London ( Agency ) , Cappelle-la-Grande , Berlin ( Summer Festival ) , Stockholm ( Rilton Cup ) and Hastings . She regularly matched the performances of male Grandmasters at these events and occasionally defeated them . She has two younger brothers , Adam , who is also an International Master of chess and Laurence , a cognitive neuroscientist .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Hunt has been a Cambridge team member at the annual Varsity ( Oxford vs Cambridge ) match β historically the worlds longest running series of matches . At the millennium event , she contested an all-girl pair-up with former World Girls ( Under-18 ) Champion , Ruth Sheldon . The game was originally slotted as a board 2 encounter , but its elevation to top board brought the match increased publicity and a unique place in the history of the event . Their individual game finished a hard-fought draw , but Cambridge went on to win the match by the",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "narrowest of margins .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " In regular University team competition she has represented Jesus College Chess Society in the highest student league . The team shared first place in the 2005/06 season , losing only to Emmanuel College , and Hunt scored 100% on top board . At a national level , she plays in the 4NCL , representing Betsson.com in the 2006/7 and 2007/08 seasons and more recently , Pride and Prejudice . In Germany , she has played in the ( Ladies ) Bundesliga .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Having completed her Doctorate , Harriet Hunt is currently employed by Cambridge University as a Research Associate at the McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research . Less active as a chess player , she nevertheless manages to maintain a high rating , preserving her status as Englands top woman player and holding a regular place in the worlds top 50 women .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , she participated at the Stockholm Ladies Open , held in TΓ€by , a northern municipality . The event was described by Hunt as one of the largest and best funded womens tournaments of all time and she performed well , finishing on 6Β½/9 , a half-point behind overall winner Anna Muzychuk , whom she defeated in their personal encounter in round 6 .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " - Koneru-Hunt , 0-1 , Calvia Olympiad , 2004 . Black skilfully outmanoeuvres her highly rated opponent on the queenside , obtaining a lasting advantage and a winning ending . - Cramling-Hunt , 0-1 , Womens Chess Cup , Dresden , 2006 . Blacks understanding of the positional requirements , combined with queenside pressure creates insurmountable problems for a player rated 100 Elo points higher . - Hunt-Muzychuk , 1-0 , Stockholm Ladies Tournament , 2008 . Whites provocative central and kingside play exposes the Black king , with lethal consequences .",
"title": "Sample games"
},
{
"text": " - Olimpbase β Olympiads and other Team event information - Jon Speelman on Varsity Match - English results around the world : 1974β2006",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Personal academic page",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Harriet_Hunt#P2962#2
|
Which title was conferred to Harriet Hunt in 1994?
|
Harriet Hunt Harriet Vaughan Hunt ( born 4 February 1978 in Oxford ) is an English chess player and four times British Ladies champion . She is a researcher in archaeogenetics at the University of Cambridge . Playing history . A high-profile player from an early age , Hunt won five British Junior Girls titles between 1989 and 1991 . Even more significant was her ( 1991 ) share of the British Junior Under-14 title , when she became the first girl to compete victoriously in the Boys/Open section of the national championships . At 16 , she made her debut for the English Ladies Olympiad Team . Her result at the event included a draw with future Ladies World Champion Antoaneta Stefanova . Her performances at the World Youth Chess Championships included a bronze at Under-14 level ( Duisburg , 1992 ) and silver from the Cala Galdana Under-18 event of 1996 . Between 1995 and 1999 she was British Ladies Champion four times . Then in 1997 , she won the World Girls ( Under-20 ) Championship in Ε»agaΕ , at the end of a year out between school and her Plant Science studies at Cambridge University . In Pula the same year and by then a Woman International Master , she scored 5/7 on board 2 at the European Team Chess Championship and this contributed to the English Ladies Teams third-place finish and a team bronze medal . 1997 was also the year that Hunt was invited by chess organiser Johan Zwanepol to compete at the Groningen Open Grandmaster tournament . Zwanepol had been an arbiter at her Zagan victory and was keen to see further progress . Her result of 6/11 was probably as good as could be expected in such a strong competition ( the entry included over 30 grandmasters headed by Mikhail Gurevich , Jaan Ehlvest , Tony Miles , Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu , Suat AtalΔ±k , Sergei Tiviakov etc. ) . By 1999 , Hunt had attained the title of Woman Grandmaster and at the Batumi European Team Championship played board 1 , returning a 7/9 performance to win the individual gold medal . She was awarded the International Master title in 2000 , the same year that she graduated with a B.A . from St . Johns College . Pursuing an academic career , she commenced a PhD and Research Fellowship at Cambridge , specialising in archaeogenetics , a subject allied to her degree . In July of that year , her chess reached a new career high when an Elo rating of 2454 placed her at 16th in the Worlds top 100 women . In 2001 , she led the English ladies once more to the European Team Championship ( in LeΓ³n , Spain ) and again returned with a team bronze medal . At the 2004 Chess Olympiad in CalviΓ , she narrowly missed out on a medal after scoring 9.5/13 , for a rating performance of 2558 , including a notable victory over Humpy Koneru . Good results were also forthcoming in individual competition , including international tournaments at London ( Agency ) , Cappelle-la-Grande , Berlin ( Summer Festival ) , Stockholm ( Rilton Cup ) and Hastings . She regularly matched the performances of male Grandmasters at these events and occasionally defeated them . She has two younger brothers , Adam , who is also an International Master of chess and Laurence , a cognitive neuroscientist . Hunt has been a Cambridge team member at the annual Varsity ( Oxford vs Cambridge ) match β historically the worlds longest running series of matches . At the millennium event , she contested an all-girl pair-up with former World Girls ( Under-18 ) Champion , Ruth Sheldon . The game was originally slotted as a board 2 encounter , but its elevation to top board brought the match increased publicity and a unique place in the history of the event . Their individual game finished a hard-fought draw , but Cambridge went on to win the match by the narrowest of margins . In regular University team competition she has represented Jesus College Chess Society in the highest student league . The team shared first place in the 2005/06 season , losing only to Emmanuel College , and Hunt scored 100% on top board . At a national level , she plays in the 4NCL , representing Betsson.com in the 2006/7 and 2007/08 seasons and more recently , Pride and Prejudice . In Germany , she has played in the ( Ladies ) Bundesliga . Having completed her Doctorate , Harriet Hunt is currently employed by Cambridge University as a Research Associate at the McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research . Less active as a chess player , she nevertheless manages to maintain a high rating , preserving her status as Englands top woman player and holding a regular place in the worlds top 50 women . In 2008 , she participated at the Stockholm Ladies Open , held in TΓ€by , a northern municipality . The event was described by Hunt as one of the largest and best funded womens tournaments of all time and she performed well , finishing on 6Β½/9 , a half-point behind overall winner Anna Muzychuk , whom she defeated in their personal encounter in round 6 . Sample games . - Koneru-Hunt , 0-1 , Calvia Olympiad , 2004 . Black skilfully outmanoeuvres her highly rated opponent on the queenside , obtaining a lasting advantage and a winning ending . - Cramling-Hunt , 0-1 , Womens Chess Cup , Dresden , 2006 . Blacks understanding of the positional requirements , combined with queenside pressure creates insurmountable problems for a player rated 100 Elo points higher . - Hunt-Muzychuk , 1-0 , Stockholm Ladies Tournament , 2008 . Whites provocative central and kingside play exposes the Black king , with lethal consequences . References . - Olimpbase β Olympiads and other Team event information - Jon Speelman on Varsity Match - English results around the world : 1974β2006 External links . - Personal academic page
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Harriet Vaughan Hunt ( born 4 February 1978 in Oxford ) is an English chess player and four times British Ladies champion . She is a researcher in archaeogenetics at the University of Cambridge .",
"title": "Harriet Hunt"
},
{
"text": " A high-profile player from an early age , Hunt won five British Junior Girls titles between 1989 and 1991 . Even more significant was her ( 1991 ) share of the British Junior Under-14 title , when she became the first girl to compete victoriously in the Boys/Open section of the national championships . At 16 , she made her debut for the English Ladies Olympiad Team . Her result at the event included a draw with future Ladies World Champion Antoaneta Stefanova .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Her performances at the World Youth Chess Championships included a bronze at Under-14 level ( Duisburg , 1992 ) and silver from the Cala Galdana Under-18 event of 1996 .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Then in 1997 , she won the World Girls ( Under-20 ) Championship in Ε»agaΕ , at the end of a year out between school and her Plant Science studies at Cambridge University . In Pula the same year and by then a Woman International Master , she scored 5/7 on board 2 at the European Team Chess Championship and this contributed to the English Ladies Teams third-place finish and a team bronze medal . 1997 was also the year that Hunt was invited by chess organiser Johan Zwanepol to compete at the Groningen Open Grandmaster tournament . Zwanepol had",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "been an arbiter at her Zagan victory and was keen to see further progress . Her result of 6/11 was probably as good as could be expected in such a strong competition ( the entry included over 30 grandmasters headed by Mikhail Gurevich , Jaan Ehlvest , Tony Miles , Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu , Suat AtalΔ±k , Sergei Tiviakov etc. ) .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " By 1999 , Hunt had attained the title of Woman Grandmaster and at the Batumi European Team Championship played board 1 , returning a 7/9 performance to win the individual gold medal .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "She was awarded the International Master title in 2000 , the same year that she graduated with a B.A . from St . Johns College . Pursuing an academic career , she commenced a PhD and Research Fellowship at Cambridge , specialising in archaeogenetics , a subject allied to her degree . In July of that year , her chess reached a new career high when an Elo rating of 2454 placed her at 16th in the Worlds top 100 women . In 2001 , she led the English ladies once more to the European Team Championship ( in LeΓ³n",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": ", Spain ) and again returned with a team bronze medal .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " At the 2004 Chess Olympiad in CalviΓ , she narrowly missed out on a medal after scoring 9.5/13 , for a rating performance of 2558 , including a notable victory over Humpy Koneru .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Good results were also forthcoming in individual competition , including international tournaments at London ( Agency ) , Cappelle-la-Grande , Berlin ( Summer Festival ) , Stockholm ( Rilton Cup ) and Hastings . She regularly matched the performances of male Grandmasters at these events and occasionally defeated them . She has two younger brothers , Adam , who is also an International Master of chess and Laurence , a cognitive neuroscientist .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Hunt has been a Cambridge team member at the annual Varsity ( Oxford vs Cambridge ) match β historically the worlds longest running series of matches . At the millennium event , she contested an all-girl pair-up with former World Girls ( Under-18 ) Champion , Ruth Sheldon . The game was originally slotted as a board 2 encounter , but its elevation to top board brought the match increased publicity and a unique place in the history of the event . Their individual game finished a hard-fought draw , but Cambridge went on to win the match by the",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "narrowest of margins .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " In regular University team competition she has represented Jesus College Chess Society in the highest student league . The team shared first place in the 2005/06 season , losing only to Emmanuel College , and Hunt scored 100% on top board . At a national level , she plays in the 4NCL , representing Betsson.com in the 2006/7 and 2007/08 seasons and more recently , Pride and Prejudice . In Germany , she has played in the ( Ladies ) Bundesliga .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": "Having completed her Doctorate , Harriet Hunt is currently employed by Cambridge University as a Research Associate at the McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research . Less active as a chess player , she nevertheless manages to maintain a high rating , preserving her status as Englands top woman player and holding a regular place in the worlds top 50 women .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , she participated at the Stockholm Ladies Open , held in TΓ€by , a northern municipality . The event was described by Hunt as one of the largest and best funded womens tournaments of all time and she performed well , finishing on 6Β½/9 , a half-point behind overall winner Anna Muzychuk , whom she defeated in their personal encounter in round 6 .",
"title": "Playing history"
},
{
"text": " - Koneru-Hunt , 0-1 , Calvia Olympiad , 2004 . Black skilfully outmanoeuvres her highly rated opponent on the queenside , obtaining a lasting advantage and a winning ending . - Cramling-Hunt , 0-1 , Womens Chess Cup , Dresden , 2006 . Blacks understanding of the positional requirements , combined with queenside pressure creates insurmountable problems for a player rated 100 Elo points higher . - Hunt-Muzychuk , 1-0 , Stockholm Ladies Tournament , 2008 . Whites provocative central and kingside play exposes the Black king , with lethal consequences .",
"title": "Sample games"
},
{
"text": " - Olimpbase β Olympiads and other Team event information - Jon Speelman on Varsity Match - English results around the world : 1974β2006",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Personal academic page",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Eastern_Army_Division#P4791#0
|
Who was the commander of Eastern Army Division between Aug 1968 and Nov 1969?
|
Eastern Army Division The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 . History . The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand . Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June 2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref> Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side . Commanding officers . - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg
|
[
"Nils Γstlund"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 .",
"title": "Eastern Army Division"
},
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref>",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side .",
"title": "Medals"
},
{
"text": " - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg",
"title": "Commanding officers"
}
] |
/wiki/Eastern_Army_Division#P4791#1
|
Who was the commander of Eastern Army Division between Mar 1974 and Apr 1974?
|
Eastern Army Division The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 . History . The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand . Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June 2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref> Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side . Commanding officers . - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg
|
[
"Sten Ljungqvist"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 .",
"title": "Eastern Army Division"
},
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref>",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side .",
"title": "Medals"
},
{
"text": " - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg",
"title": "Commanding officers"
}
] |
/wiki/Eastern_Army_Division#P4791#2
|
Who was the commander of Eastern Army Division in Apr 1978?
|
Eastern Army Division The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 . History . The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand . Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June 2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref> Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side . Commanding officers . - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg
|
[
"Bengt Selander"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 .",
"title": "Eastern Army Division"
},
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref>",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side .",
"title": "Medals"
},
{
"text": " - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg",
"title": "Commanding officers"
}
] |
/wiki/Eastern_Army_Division#P4791#3
|
Who was the commander of Eastern Army Division between Aug 1981 and Jul 1982?
|
Eastern Army Division The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 . History . The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand . Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June 2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref> Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side . Commanding officers . - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg
|
[
"Γ
ke Lundin"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 .",
"title": "Eastern Army Division"
},
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref>",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side .",
"title": "Medals"
},
{
"text": " - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg",
"title": "Commanding officers"
}
] |
/wiki/Eastern_Army_Division#P4791#4
|
Who was the commander of Eastern Army Division in Mar 1994?
|
Eastern Army Division The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 . History . The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand . Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June 2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref> Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side . Commanding officers . - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg
|
[
"Nils Rosenqvist"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 .",
"title": "Eastern Army Division"
},
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref>",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side .",
"title": "Medals"
},
{
"text": " - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg",
"title": "Commanding officers"
}
] |
/wiki/Eastern_Army_Division#P4791#5
|
Who was the commander of Eastern Army Division in Feb 1995?
|
Eastern Army Division The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 . History . The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand . Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June 2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref> Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side . Commanding officers . - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg
|
[
"Ulf Henricsson"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 .",
"title": "Eastern Army Division"
},
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref>",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side .",
"title": "Medals"
},
{
"text": " - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg",
"title": "Commanding officers"
}
] |
/wiki/Eastern_Army_Division#P4791#6
|
Who was the commander of Eastern Army Division between Jul 2000 and Jul 2000?
|
Eastern Army Division The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 . History . The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand . Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June 2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref> Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side . Commanding officers . - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg
|
[
"Roland Ekenberg"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division ( , 4 . fΓΆrd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army that operated in various forms from 1941 to 2000 . Its staff was located in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s . The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000 .",
"title": "Eastern Army Division"
},
{
"text": " The Eastern Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the IV Division ( IV . fΓΆrdelningen ) . The division was together with the XIV Division directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military District , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1957 , the mobilization responsibility for the division was transferred to the GΓΆta Life Guards , and in 1970 to the Uppland Regiment . However , the peace organization of the army division was co-located with the military district staff .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 4th Division ( 4 . fΓΆrdelningen ) . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military District and the Eastern Military District merged and formed the Middle Military District . The army division , together with the Middle Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military District . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Middle Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military District .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military districts would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military District , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "December 1997 . By the disbandment of the Middle Army Division , the Eastern Army Division became the only remaining army division in Svealand .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Prior to Defence Act of 2000 , the government proposed in its bill to the Riksdag that the tactical level would be reduced by the disbandment of divisions , and defense district staffs as well as naval commands and air force commands . This was to design an Army Tactical Command , Naval Tactical Command and an Air Force Tactical Command which would be co-located with the Joint Forces Command . The proposal meant that all territorial staffs would be disbanded , which meant , among other things , that the three army division staffs were disbanded on 30 June",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2000 . In its place on 1 July 2000 , the 1st Mechanized Division ( 1 . mekaniserade divisionen ) , was raised which gathered all field units within the army.<ref proposition 1999/2000:30></ref>",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military district staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military District Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at LidingΓΆvΓ€gen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in StrΓ€ngnΓ€s Garrison , where it was located in various forms until 2005 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Eastern Army Division used from 1994 to 2000 . Blazon : Or , from a wavy base azure , a demigriffon issuant sable , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , the Γstra armΓ©fΓΆrdelningens ( 4.fΓΆrd ) minnesmedalj ( Eastern Army Division ( 4.fΓΆrd ) Commemorative Merit ) in silver ( ΓFΓΆrdSMM ) of the 8th size was established . The medal ribbon is of blue moirΓ© with a broad red stripe on the middle followed on both sides by a white line and with two yellow lines on each side .",
"title": "Medals"
},
{
"text": " - 1941β1968 : ? - 1968β1970 : Colonel Nils Γstlund - 1970β1976 : Senior Colonel Sten Ljungqvist - 1976β1979 : Senior Colonel Bengt Selander - 1979β1990 : Senior Colonel Γ
ke Lundin - 1990β1994 : Senior Colonel Nils Rosenqvist - 1994β1999 : Senior Colonel Ulf Henricsson - 1999β2000 : Senior Colonel Roland Ekenberg",
"title": "Commanding officers"
}
] |
/wiki/Monica's_Gang#P123#0
|
What was the publisher of Monica's Gang before Nov 1983?
|
Monicas Gang Monicas Gang or Monica and Friends ( Portuguese : Turma da MΓ΄nica , British English : Monica & Friends ) is a Brazilian comic book series and media franchise created by Mauricio de Sousa . The series originated in a newspaper comic strip in which the protagonists were Blu ( Bidu ) and Franklin ( Franjinha ) , launched by the newspaper Folha da ManhΓ£ in 1959 . As the series continued , the central characters became Jimmy Five ( Cebolinha ) and Monica ( MΓ΄nica ) , both of whom began to appear in eponymous series in addition to the renamed Monicaβs Gang . The characters and comics were subsequently adapted into , among other media , an animated television series ; as well as films , most of which are anthologies . The stories revolve around the adventures of Monica and her friends in the fictional Lemon Tree Street ( Bairro do Limoeiro ) of SΓ£o Paulo , inspired by the neighborhood of CambuΓ in Campinas and the city of Mogi das Cruzes , where de Sousa spent his childhood . The Monicaβs Gang umbrella title also encompasses Chuck Billy n Folks , Tinas Pals , Lionels Kingdom and Bug-a-Booo , among other series . Monicas Gang was previously published by Abril and Globo and has been published by Panini Comics since 2007 . In 2008 , a spin-off series , Monica Teen , was created in a manga style and features the characters as teenagers . Publication history . MaurΓcio de Sousa , then reporter for Folha da ManhΓ£ , in 1959 , decided to enter the field of comics hitherto little disputed in the country . In the same year made his first characters Blu and Franklin , and decided that Blu would be the protagonist . Both were based on his own childhood , Franklin based on MaurΓcio himself and Blu on his pet dog CuΓca . The main inspirations of MaurΓcio de Sousa were through American comics like Peanuts and Little Lulu , which have inspired some recurring themes like the boys club . In the following year of 1960 , the characters gained ground through the childrens magazine Zaz Traz by publisher Editora Outubro , later getting their own comic titled Bidu by Editora Continental . However , the magazines were canceled that same year . After that the characters returned to newspaper strips , the character Jimmy Five which had won great popularity in the previous magazines has become protagonist of their own strips of newspaper next to Blu and Franklin in 1961 . Seeing potential in the character , Mauricio went on to create several supporting characters to appear in the Jimmy Five strips , like Smudge and Specs . But after so long MaurΓcio received a complaint for the lack of feminine characters in his comics . So to avoid further controversy , in 1963 Monica was created , initially as a supporting character in the Jimmy Five strips ( at first as the Specs little sister ) based on Mauricios real daughter MΓ΄nica Sousa . Over time , the success and the charisma of the character made her be the protagonist of the series alongside Jimmy Five which became her sidekick . Also in 1963 , Mauricio began to create new projects of comic strips with other characters without links with Monica and Jimmy Five , like Zezinho and Hiroshi ( now called Chuck Billy n Folks ) , The Cavern Clan , Bug-a-Booo , The Tribe and RaposΓ£o ( now called Lionels Kingdom ) . The characters only returned to be published in a monthly comic magazine from 1970 , by publisher Abril , initially under the title of MΓ΄nica e Sua Turma ( Monica and Her Gang ) , later being changed to MΓ΄nica and Turma da MΓ΄nica ( Monicas Gang ) , the latter title used only for merchandising . With so many of the characters ever created by Mauricio in strips of newspaper also began to appear in magazines next to Monicas Gang . At that time the area of comics was more played in Brazil , many Brazilian artists were trying to hold his own in the stalls along the publications of American comics like Donald Duck , JosΓ© Carioca , Little Lulu , and many others . Even with these new comics remained with their good sales on newsstands with this soon came to Jimmy Five magazine three years later . Sales were great and with that a contract with the footballer PelΓ© with MaurΓcio for the launch of a character based on him the , which was phenomenon among children at the time history logging in Brazilian comics . The staff of cartoonists has grown , leading to the foundation of the EstΓΊdios MaurΓcio de Sousa , who produce comics with increasingly faster thus appearing more marketing projects and producing cartoons . The first attempts to make a Monicas Gang cartoon occurred in the late 60s during a deal with food company that produced some commercials for television , these being commercial who originated the character Thunder , who is currently a main character of the Lionels Kingdom . The first film was only released in 1982 , which was produced in partnership with Black & White & Color and distributed by Embrafilme . Over the years , other characters gained their own magazines , like Smudge ( 1982 ) , Chuck Billy ( 1982 ) and Maggy ( 1989 ) . Other media have strengthened over the years and Monica-branded merchandise were launched , with products like books , toys , discs , CD-ROM and video games . A Monica-themed amusement park was created in 1993 in SΓ£o Paulo , titled Parque da MΓ΄nica ( Monica Park ) . In 2008 the franchise has received a manga-style comic entitled Monica Teen . Nowadays the comics are sold in 40 countries in 14 languages . Characters . The Monicas Gang series has an extensive amount of main and secondary characters . It has as main protagonists Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy ( the latter derived from the Chuck Billy n Folks ) and each has its own comic . Other characters from other series created by Mauricio de Sousa are also included on Monicas , making crossovers or quotations from each other in several stories , among several other characters . The main setting of the stories is the fictional neighborhood of Limoeiro in SΓ£o Paulo . Most stories focus on the daily lives of the main characters and occasionally on the secondary characters ; the humour usually uses various types of repetitions , allusions , appeals to the nonsense , paranomasias , sarcasm and metalanguage . The stories with Monica and Jimmy Five revolve around the conflict between the two . Jimmy Five is a troublemaker and bully who always tries to scold Monica or steal her stuffed bunny to give knots in its ears ( usually having Smudge or another boy accomplice ) , always having Monica get her revenge by hitting him with her stuffed bunny , often leaving him bruised and with black eyes . Often Jimmy Five makes plans against her with various traps , sometimes using Franklins inventions or talking Smudge into helping , but he always loses to Monica at the end . Smudges stories usually focus on his penchant for dirt and mess and his fear of water , without ever having taken a bath in life , and constantly being threatened by villains or his friends to take a bath whenever he gets away with a result at the end of the story . The stories with Maggy generally focus on her gluttony , with a superhuman ability to eat more than a normal person without ever getting fat and sometimes stealing food from her friends . Among the villains are Captain Fray , a supervillain with the power to control garbage and dirt , and Lord Raider , a space rabbit whose first appearance was in the movies . A joke often breaks the fourth wall . Related works . Other related works which relate to the series are : - Blu - Based on the first character of Monicas Gang , it shows the character Blu , a sentient dog , as acting as a mere actor in a studio of comics . - Chuck Billy n Folks - Focuses on the comic daily life of Chuck Billy , a lazy caipira boy and his friends who live on a farm in Brazils countryside . Hes the one that most often appears in contact with Monicas Gang . As Monicas Gang , he received a spin-off manga-style comic in 2013 called Chico Bento MoΓ§o ( Chuck Billy Teen ) . - Bug-a-Booo - Focuses on comedy stories involving monsters of horror films ( ghosts , vampires , werewolfs , Frankenstein and even the death ) in a cemetery . - Tinas Pals - Shows a daily routine of a group of teenagers and their daily lives as they date , go to college , among other issues . In 2014 , it received its own spin-off comic book series . - The Funnies - Focuses on the comic adventures of Bubbly , an astronaut , as he explores space . - Lionels Kingdom - Focuses on the daily lives of a group of anthropomorphic animals of different species in a forest led by a lion king . - The Cavern Clan - Focuses on Pitheco , a caveman inventor who is living in the midst of pre-history and tries to revolutionize humanity with his inventions . - Horacios World - Focuses on the life of a young philosopher , the dinosaur Horacio , and his friends . - The Tribe - Focuses on an amazonian Indian , Tom-Tom , which lives in a forest constantly threatened by white men , Media . Publications . Monicas Gang and its related works are released in a number of different books . Firstly , they were published by Editora Abril , from 1970 to 1986 , then Editora Globo , from 1987 to 2006 . From 2007 on , Panini Comics was chosen to keep the publications . So far there are comic books starring many characters , among the best known and sold are the characters of Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy , plus almanacs with republication of classic stories with varying characters . In 2015 was released an app for smartphones gathering more than 500 editions of comics franchise for download . Television and film adaptations . The characters of Monicas Gang are also the protagonists of which can be considered the first of Brazilian animation series . After being introduced on television as advertising-boys in commercial from the mid-1960s , complete stories began to be produced in 1976 and distributed through film-compilations during the 1980s and 1990s ( initially released in movies and then directly video ) . In 1999 , a series of shorts with the characters debuted in childrens programming Rede Globo ( which would display the regular series episodes only between the years 2010 and 2014 ) . A regular broadcast the series on TV only occurred in 2004 after negotiations with the Cartoon Network that since this year began broadcasting new episodes exclusively on the channel , still remaining on the schedule together of channels Tooncast ( currently transmitted in Cartoon Cartoons block ) and Boomerang . In addition to the animations , the characters also starred in two animated feature films who presents bigger stories instead of short compilations ; these are : A Princesa e o RobΓ΄ ( 1983 ) and Uma Aventura no Tempo ( 2007 ) - as well as two TV and video specials in live-action : ( 1979 ) and A RΓ‘dio do Chico Bento ( 1989 ) . Compilations . - As Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1982 ) - As Novas Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1986 ) - MΓ΄nica e a Sereia do Rio ( 1986 ) - O Bicho-PapΓ£o ( 1987 ) - A Estrelinha MΓ‘gica ( 1988 , direct-to-video ) - Chico Bento , Γia a OnΓ§a ! ( 1990 , direct-to-video ) - O Natal de Todos NΓ³s ( 1992 , direct-to-video ) - Quadro a Quadro ( 1996 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O MΓ΄nico ( 1997 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O Plano Sangrento ( 1998 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O Estranho Soro do Dr . X ( 1998 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : A Ilha Misteriosa ( 1999 , direct-to-video ) - Coleção Grandes Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 2002 , recovery direct-to-video including new episodes ) - ( 2004 ) - Cine Gibi 2 ( 2005 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 3 : Planos InfalΓveis ( 2008 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 4 : Meninos e Meninas ( 2009 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 5 : Luzes , CΓ’mera , Ação ! ( 2010 , direct-to-video ) - Se Liga na Turma da MΓ΄nica - Volume 1 ( 2011 , direct-to-video ) - Se Liga na Turma da MΓ΄nica - Volume 2 ( 2012 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 6 - Hora do Banho ( 2013 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 7 - BagunΓ§a Animal ( 2014 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 8 - TΓ‘ Brincando ? ( 2015 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 9 - Vamos Fazer de Conta ! ( 2016 , direct-to-video ) Monica Toy . Series launched to promote Monica Toy line launched by Tok & Stok , which features an ultra-stylized version of the characters of Monica in traits that refer to Toy Arts and famous franchises like Hello Kitty , Pucca and Gogos Crazy Bones . There are 7 seasons , with 23 mini-episodes each with about 30 seconds long , with 2D animation and exclusive language for web delivery . From the episode Hiccups ( released on July 17 , 2013 ) , the series was renamed and had its shortened to just Monica Toy title . On October 7 , 2013 , the series premiered on Cartoon Network in the interprograma format , debuting two episodes a week and airing at various times . Turma da MΓ΄nica : LaΓ§os . In 2019 , in cooperation with Paris Filmes , Globo Filmes and Paramount Pictures , Mauricio de Sousa Produçáes released in Brazilian cinemas the movie Turma da MΓ΄nica : LaΓ§os , on June 27 , being directed by Daniel Rezende . The movie was based on the best-selling eponymous graphic novel , written and drawn by siblings Victor Cafaggi and Lu Cafaggi . This was the first Monicas Gang live-action movie in which the main characters are played by real-life children , since the previous live-action movies were presented in the form of theater performances using adults in articulated mascots costumes . The plot of the movie revolves around the relationship of the gang . When Jimmy Fives dog , Fluffy , is abruptly abducted , the children must unite and eventually overcome their differences while facing new adventures on the way so they can bring their loyal friend back home . The movie presents Giulia Benite as Monica , Kevin Vechiatto as Jimmy Five , Laura Rauseo as Maggy and Gabriel Moreira as Smudge . It has been overly praised by Brazilian critics , who praises the balance between cartoonish situations with human conflicts . The movie is representing one of the highest Brazilian box office of 2019 and rumors about direct sequels based on the graphic novels Turma da MΓ΄nica : Liçáes and Turma da MΓ΄nica : LembranΓ§as have been on the loose . Video games . In the 1990s , three Monica video games were released by Tectoy for the Master System and Mega Drive ) , all of them are reworked versions of Wonder Boy games , with translated text and sprites replaced with characters from the comic . In the 1990s , MSP released three CD-ROMs with short stories complemented by minigames : MΓ΄nica DentuΓ§a ( 1995 ) , Cebolinha e Floquinho ( 1996 ) and A RoΓ§a do Chico Bento ( 1998 ) . Two CDs for creating comic books with both Monica and Chuck Billy were also released . In September 2010 , Tec Toy announced that they would produce an exclusive game for videogame console Zeebo Turma da MΓ΄nica - Vamos Brincar NΒΊ1 , but the game was canceled months later . The idea was to create a series of eight puzzle games , but due to the end of the island the project was canceled . In 2012 , the application for iPhones Quero Ser da Turma da MΓ΄nica , a game where it is possible create a digital avatar in the style of the characters , was released . In 2013 a game was released for iOS and Android called Coelhadas da MΓ΄nica ( Bunny-Bashing Monica ) , a puzzle game like Angry Birds . And in 2014 , the game Jogo do CascΓ£o ( The Smudge Game ) was released as a 2D platform running game with multiple stages . MΓ΄nica Park . An amusement park themed with Mauricio de Souzas characters , located at the Eldorado Shopping in SΓ£o Paulo . It was opened in January 1993 , and features a number of attractions , like the Carrossel do HorΓ‘cio ( Horacios merry-go-round , a carousel featuring dinosaurs instead of horses ) , the 3-D cinema , and many more . The Parque da MΓ΄nica of Curitiba and of Rio de Janeiro were also created , in 1998 and 2001 , respectively , but both were closed , in 2000 and 2005 , respectively . Until the end of 2006 , it had its own comic book , featuring adventures of Monicas gang at the park . When Panini Comics started to publish Mauricios works , this magazine was replaced by Turma da MΓ΄nica . The park was removed from Eldorado Shopping Center on early 2010 , when the space occupied by it was asked back by the shopping administrators . Mauricio de Sousa had already announced that the mall had requested the area back on July 2009 . The administration of the Shopping said that the mall was seeking more up-to-date alternatives , which fall under consumers expectations . In March 2015 , it was announced that the park would be reopened at Shopping SP Market . Merchandising . In the late 60s a line of dolls with characters Monica , Jimmy Five , Thunder , Horacio and Lucinda was manufactured by Trol Company , this was the first merchandising of the franchise . The character Thunder became mascot of a tomato sauce brand of the food company Cica in the late of 60s . An extensive line of toys and other products with the characters began to be manufactured since the 70s by various toy companies and remain heavily sold to the present in Brazilian stores . During the 80s , the franchise also came to have its own store network . The Lojinha da MΓ΄nica and Trenzinho da MΓ΄nica , had branches in several states of Brazil , selling products related to characters . In 2013 , the franchise was restarted in the form of an e-commerce portal . International distribution . Monica and Friends and related works have been published in 40 countries in 14 languages , including Spanish , Greek and Japanese . In Germany , comics were published between 1975 and 1980 under the name Fratz und Freunde and years later as Monica und Ihre Freunde . In the UK , comics have already been published under the name Frizz and Friends for a short time . In Italy , some comic books and classic episodes of cartoon were distributed on DVDs in the 90s , the cartoon was broadcast on Rai Due channel under the title La Banda di Monica . In Indonesia , the series is published under the title Monika dan kawan kawan , the comics are published there since 1997 , along the comic books of the characters Jimmi Lima ( Jimmy Five ) and Ciko Bento ( Chuck Billy N Folks ) . In China the comics were distributed to schools in 2007 , receiving years later adaptation of the cartoon , in 2011 one of the albums was awarded to childrens literature . There were plans for distribution in the United States and some Latin American countries , but they never came to fruition ( with the exception of the proper cartoon broadcast dubbed into Spanish in some Latin American countries ) , however translated comics in English and Spanish are sold directly in Brazil . Episodes of the cartoon dubbed in English are available on YouTube .
|
[
"Editora Abril"
] |
[
{
"text": " Monicas Gang or Monica and Friends ( Portuguese : Turma da MΓ΄nica , British English : Monica & Friends ) is a Brazilian comic book series and media franchise created by Mauricio de Sousa .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": "The series originated in a newspaper comic strip in which the protagonists were Blu ( Bidu ) and Franklin ( Franjinha ) , launched by the newspaper Folha da ManhΓ£ in 1959 . As the series continued , the central characters became Jimmy Five ( Cebolinha ) and Monica ( MΓ΄nica ) , both of whom began to appear in eponymous series in addition to the renamed Monicaβs Gang . The characters and comics were subsequently adapted into , among other media , an animated television series ; as well as films , most of which are anthologies .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": " The stories revolve around the adventures of Monica and her friends in the fictional Lemon Tree Street ( Bairro do Limoeiro ) of SΓ£o Paulo , inspired by the neighborhood of CambuΓ in Campinas and the city of Mogi das Cruzes , where de Sousa spent his childhood . The Monicaβs Gang umbrella title also encompasses Chuck Billy n Folks , Tinas Pals , Lionels Kingdom and Bug-a-Booo , among other series .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": "Monicas Gang was previously published by Abril and Globo and has been published by Panini Comics since 2007 . In 2008 , a spin-off series , Monica Teen , was created in a manga style and features the characters as teenagers .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": "MaurΓcio de Sousa , then reporter for Folha da ManhΓ£ , in 1959 , decided to enter the field of comics hitherto little disputed in the country . In the same year made his first characters Blu and Franklin , and decided that Blu would be the protagonist . Both were based on his own childhood , Franklin based on MaurΓcio himself and Blu on his pet dog CuΓca . The main inspirations of MaurΓcio de Sousa were through American comics like Peanuts and Little Lulu , which have inspired some recurring themes like the boys club . In the",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "following year of 1960 , the characters gained ground through the childrens magazine Zaz Traz by publisher Editora Outubro , later getting their own comic titled Bidu by Editora Continental . However , the magazines were canceled that same year .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "After that the characters returned to newspaper strips , the character Jimmy Five which had won great popularity in the previous magazines has become protagonist of their own strips of newspaper next to Blu and Franklin in 1961 . Seeing potential in the character , Mauricio went on to create several supporting characters to appear in the Jimmy Five strips , like Smudge and Specs . But after so long MaurΓcio received a complaint for the lack of feminine characters in his comics . So to avoid further controversy , in 1963 Monica was created , initially as a supporting",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "character in the Jimmy Five strips ( at first as the Specs little sister ) based on Mauricios real daughter MΓ΄nica Sousa . Over time , the success and the charisma of the character made her be the protagonist of the series alongside Jimmy Five which became her sidekick . Also in 1963 , Mauricio began to create new projects of comic strips with other characters without links with Monica and Jimmy Five , like Zezinho and Hiroshi ( now called Chuck Billy n Folks ) , The Cavern Clan , Bug-a-Booo , The Tribe and RaposΓ£o ( now called",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lionels Kingdom ) .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The characters only returned to be published in a monthly comic magazine from 1970 , by publisher Abril , initially under the title of MΓ΄nica e Sua Turma ( Monica and Her Gang ) , later being changed to MΓ΄nica and Turma da MΓ΄nica ( Monicas Gang ) , the latter title used only for merchandising . With so many of the characters ever created by Mauricio in strips of newspaper also began to appear in magazines next to Monicas Gang . At that time the area of comics was more played in Brazil , many Brazilian artists were trying",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "to hold his own in the stalls along the publications of American comics like Donald Duck , JosΓ© Carioca , Little Lulu , and many others . Even with these new comics remained with their good sales on newsstands with this soon came to Jimmy Five magazine three years later . Sales were great and with that a contract with the footballer PelΓ© with MaurΓcio for the launch of a character based on him the , which was phenomenon among children at the time history logging in Brazilian comics .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The staff of cartoonists has grown , leading to the foundation of the EstΓΊdios MaurΓcio de Sousa , who produce comics with increasingly faster thus appearing more marketing projects and producing cartoons . The first attempts to make a Monicas Gang cartoon occurred in the late 60s during a deal with food company that produced some commercials for television , these being commercial who originated the character Thunder , who is currently a main character of the Lionels Kingdom . The first film was only released in 1982 , which was produced in partnership with Black & White & Color",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "and distributed by Embrafilme .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Over the years , other characters gained their own magazines , like Smudge ( 1982 ) , Chuck Billy ( 1982 ) and Maggy ( 1989 ) . Other media have strengthened over the years and Monica-branded merchandise were launched , with products like books , toys , discs , CD-ROM and video games . A Monica-themed amusement park was created in 1993 in SΓ£o Paulo , titled Parque da MΓ΄nica ( Monica Park ) . In 2008 the franchise has received a manga-style comic entitled Monica Teen .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Nowadays the comics are sold in 40 countries in 14 languages .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " The Monicas Gang series has an extensive amount of main and secondary characters . It has as main protagonists Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy ( the latter derived from the Chuck Billy n Folks ) and each has its own comic . Other characters from other series created by Mauricio de Sousa are also included on Monicas , making crossovers or quotations from each other in several stories , among several other characters . The main setting of the stories is the fictional neighborhood of Limoeiro in SΓ£o Paulo .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": "Most stories focus on the daily lives of the main characters and occasionally on the secondary characters ; the humour usually uses various types of repetitions , allusions , appeals to the nonsense , paranomasias , sarcasm and metalanguage . The stories with Monica and Jimmy Five revolve around the conflict between the two . Jimmy Five is a troublemaker and bully who always tries to scold Monica or steal her stuffed bunny to give knots in its ears ( usually having Smudge or another boy accomplice ) , always having Monica get her revenge by hitting him with her",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": "stuffed bunny , often leaving him bruised and with black eyes . Often Jimmy Five makes plans against her with various traps , sometimes using Franklins inventions or talking Smudge into helping , but he always loses to Monica at the end .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": " Smudges stories usually focus on his penchant for dirt and mess and his fear of water , without ever having taken a bath in life , and constantly being threatened by villains or his friends to take a bath whenever he gets away with a result at the end of the story . The stories with Maggy generally focus on her gluttony , with a superhuman ability to eat more than a normal person without ever getting fat and sometimes stealing food from her friends .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": "Among the villains are Captain Fray , a supervillain with the power to control garbage and dirt , and Lord Raider , a space rabbit whose first appearance was in the movies . A joke often breaks the fourth wall .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": " Other related works which relate to the series are : - Blu - Based on the first character of Monicas Gang , it shows the character Blu , a sentient dog , as acting as a mere actor in a studio of comics .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": "- Chuck Billy n Folks - Focuses on the comic daily life of Chuck Billy , a lazy caipira boy and his friends who live on a farm in Brazils countryside . Hes the one that most often appears in contact with Monicas Gang . As Monicas Gang , he received a spin-off manga-style comic in 2013 called Chico Bento Moço ( Chuck Billy Teen ) .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": " - Bug-a-Booo - Focuses on comedy stories involving monsters of horror films ( ghosts , vampires , werewolfs , Frankenstein and even the death ) in a cemetery . - Tinas Pals - Shows a daily routine of a group of teenagers and their daily lives as they date , go to college , among other issues . In 2014 , it received its own spin-off comic book series . - The Funnies - Focuses on the comic adventures of Bubbly , an astronaut , as he explores space .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": "- Lionels Kingdom - Focuses on the daily lives of a group of anthropomorphic animals of different species in a forest led by a lion king .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": " - The Cavern Clan - Focuses on Pitheco , a caveman inventor who is living in the midst of pre-history and tries to revolutionize humanity with his inventions . - Horacios World - Focuses on the life of a young philosopher , the dinosaur Horacio , and his friends . - The Tribe - Focuses on an amazonian Indian , Tom-Tom , which lives in a forest constantly threatened by white men ,",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": "Monicas Gang and its related works are released in a number of different books . Firstly , they were published by Editora Abril , from 1970 to 1986 , then Editora Globo , from 1987 to 2006 . From 2007 on , Panini Comics was chosen to keep the publications . So far there are comic books starring many characters , among the best known and sold are the characters of Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy , plus almanacs with republication of classic stories with varying characters . In 2015 was released an app",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "for smartphones gathering more than 500 editions of comics franchise for download .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " Television and film adaptations . The characters of Monicas Gang are also the protagonists of which can be considered the first of Brazilian animation series . After being introduced on television as advertising-boys in commercial from the mid-1960s , complete stories began to be produced in 1976 and distributed through film-compilations during the 1980s and 1990s ( initially released in movies and then directly video ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , a series of shorts with the characters debuted in childrens programming Rede Globo ( which would display the regular series episodes only between the years 2010 and 2014 ) . A regular broadcast the series on TV only occurred in 2004 after negotiations with the Cartoon Network that since this year began broadcasting new episodes exclusively on the channel , still remaining on the schedule together of channels Tooncast ( currently transmitted in Cartoon Cartoons block ) and Boomerang .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " In addition to the animations , the characters also starred in two animated feature films who presents bigger stories instead of short compilations ; these are : A Princesa e o RobΓ΄ ( 1983 ) and Uma Aventura no Tempo ( 2007 ) - as well as two TV and video specials in live-action : ( 1979 ) and A RΓ‘dio do Chico Bento ( 1989 ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - As Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1982 ) - As Novas Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1986 ) - MΓ΄nica e a Sereia do Rio ( 1986 ) - O Bicho-PapΓ£o ( 1987 ) - A Estrelinha MΓ‘gica ( 1988 , direct-to-video ) - Chico Bento , Γia a OnΓ§a ! ( 1990 , direct-to-video ) - O Natal de Todos NΓ³s ( 1992 , direct-to-video ) - Quadro a Quadro ( 1996 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O MΓ΄nico ( 1997 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": "- Videogibi : O Plano Sangrento ( 1998 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": " - Videogibi : O Estranho Soro do Dr . X ( 1998 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : A Ilha Misteriosa ( 1999 , direct-to-video ) - Coleção Grandes Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 2002 , recovery direct-to-video including new episodes ) - ( 2004 ) - Cine Gibi 2 ( 2005 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 3 : Planos InfalΓveis ( 2008 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 4 : Meninos e Meninas ( 2009 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 5 : Luzes , CΓ’mera , Ação ! ( 2010 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": "- Se Liga na Turma da MΓ΄nica - Volume 1 ( 2011 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": " - Se Liga na Turma da Mônica - Volume 2 ( 2012 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 6 - Hora do Banho ( 2013 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 7 - Bagunça Animal ( 2014 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 8 - TÑ Brincando ? ( 2015 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 9 - Vamos Fazer de Conta ! ( 2016 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": " Series launched to promote Monica Toy line launched by Tok & Stok , which features an ultra-stylized version of the characters of Monica in traits that refer to Toy Arts and famous franchises like Hello Kitty , Pucca and Gogos Crazy Bones . There are 7 seasons , with 23 mini-episodes each with about 30 seconds long , with 2D animation and exclusive language for web delivery .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "From the episode Hiccups ( released on July 17 , 2013 ) , the series was renamed and had its shortened to just Monica Toy title . On October 7 , 2013 , the series premiered on Cartoon Network in the interprograma format , debuting two episodes a week and airing at various times .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 , in cooperation with Paris Filmes , Globo Filmes and Paramount Pictures , Mauricio de Sousa Produçáes released in Brazilian cinemas the movie Turma da Mônica : Laços , on June 27 , being directed by Daniel Rezende . The movie was based on the best-selling eponymous graphic novel , written and drawn by siblings Victor Cafaggi and Lu Cafaggi . This was the first Monicas Gang live-action movie in which the main characters are played by real-life children , since the previous live-action movies were presented in the form of theater performances using adults in articulated mascots",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "costumes .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": " The plot of the movie revolves around the relationship of the gang . When Jimmy Fives dog , Fluffy , is abruptly abducted , the children must unite and eventually overcome their differences while facing new adventures on the way so they can bring their loyal friend back home .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "The movie presents Giulia Benite as Monica , Kevin Vechiatto as Jimmy Five , Laura Rauseo as Maggy and Gabriel Moreira as Smudge . It has been overly praised by Brazilian critics , who praises the balance between cartoonish situations with human conflicts . The movie is representing one of the highest Brazilian box office of 2019 and rumors about direct sequels based on the graphic novels Turma da Mônica : Liçáes and Turma da Mônica : Lembranças have been on the loose .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": " In the 1990s , three Monica video games were released by Tectoy for the Master System and Mega Drive ) , all of them are reworked versions of Wonder Boy games , with translated text and sprites replaced with characters from the comic . In the 1990s , MSP released three CD-ROMs with short stories complemented by minigames : Mônica Dentuça ( 1995 ) , Cebolinha e Floquinho ( 1996 ) and A Roça do Chico Bento ( 1998 ) . Two CDs for creating comic books with both Monica and Chuck Billy were also released .",
"title": "Video games"
},
{
"text": "In September 2010 , Tec Toy announced that they would produce an exclusive game for videogame console Zeebo Turma da MΓ΄nica - Vamos Brincar NΒΊ1 , but the game was canceled months later . The idea was to create a series of eight puzzle games , but due to the end of the island the project was canceled .",
"title": "Video games"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 , the application for iPhones Quero Ser da Turma da MΓ΄nica , a game where it is possible create a digital avatar in the style of the characters , was released . In 2013 a game was released for iOS and Android called Coelhadas da MΓ΄nica ( Bunny-Bashing Monica ) , a puzzle game like Angry Birds . And in 2014 , the game Jogo do CascΓ£o ( The Smudge Game ) was released as a 2D platform running game with multiple stages .",
"title": "Video games"
},
{
"text": "An amusement park themed with Mauricio de Souzas characters , located at the Eldorado Shopping in SΓ£o Paulo . It was opened in January 1993 , and features a number of attractions , like the Carrossel do HorΓ‘cio ( Horacios merry-go-round , a carousel featuring dinosaurs instead of horses ) , the 3-D cinema , and many more . The Parque da MΓ΄nica of Curitiba and of Rio de Janeiro were also created , in 1998 and 2001 , respectively , but both were closed , in 2000 and 2005 , respectively . Until the end of 2006 , it",
"title": "MΓ΄nica Park"
},
{
"text": "had its own comic book , featuring adventures of Monicas gang at the park . When Panini Comics started to publish Mauricios works , this magazine was replaced by Turma da MΓ΄nica .",
"title": "MΓ΄nica Park"
},
{
"text": " The park was removed from Eldorado Shopping Center on early 2010 , when the space occupied by it was asked back by the shopping administrators . Mauricio de Sousa had already announced that the mall had requested the area back on July 2009 . The administration of the Shopping said that the mall was seeking more up-to-date alternatives , which fall under consumers expectations . In March 2015 , it was announced that the park would be reopened at Shopping SP Market .",
"title": "MΓ΄nica Park"
},
{
"text": " In the late 60s a line of dolls with characters Monica , Jimmy Five , Thunder , Horacio and Lucinda was manufactured by Trol Company , this was the first merchandising of the franchise . The character Thunder became mascot of a tomato sauce brand of the food company Cica in the late of 60s . An extensive line of toys and other products with the characters began to be manufactured since the 70s by various toy companies and remain heavily sold to the present in Brazilian stores .",
"title": "Merchandising"
},
{
"text": "During the 80s , the franchise also came to have its own store network . The Lojinha da MΓ΄nica and Trenzinho da MΓ΄nica , had branches in several states of Brazil , selling products related to characters . In 2013 , the franchise was restarted in the form of an e-commerce portal .",
"title": "Merchandising"
},
{
"text": " Monica and Friends and related works have been published in 40 countries in 14 languages , including Spanish , Greek and Japanese .",
"title": "International distribution"
},
{
"text": "In Germany , comics were published between 1975 and 1980 under the name Fratz und Freunde and years later as Monica und Ihre Freunde . In the UK , comics have already been published under the name Frizz and Friends for a short time . In Italy , some comic books and classic episodes of cartoon were distributed on DVDs in the 90s , the cartoon was broadcast on Rai Due channel under the title La Banda di Monica . In Indonesia , the series is published under the title Monika dan kawan kawan , the comics are published there",
"title": "International distribution"
},
{
"text": "since 1997 , along the comic books of the characters Jimmi Lima ( Jimmy Five ) and Ciko Bento ( Chuck Billy N Folks ) . In China the comics were distributed to schools in 2007 , receiving years later adaptation of the cartoon , in 2011 one of the albums was awarded to childrens literature .",
"title": "International distribution"
},
{
"text": " There were plans for distribution in the United States and some Latin American countries , but they never came to fruition ( with the exception of the proper cartoon broadcast dubbed into Spanish in some Latin American countries ) , however translated comics in English and Spanish are sold directly in Brazil . Episodes of the cartoon dubbed in English are available on YouTube .",
"title": "International distribution"
}
] |
/wiki/Monica's_Gang#P123#1
|
What was the publisher of Monica's Gang between Jan 1996 and Jun 2000?
|
Monicas Gang Monicas Gang or Monica and Friends ( Portuguese : Turma da MΓ΄nica , British English : Monica & Friends ) is a Brazilian comic book series and media franchise created by Mauricio de Sousa . The series originated in a newspaper comic strip in which the protagonists were Blu ( Bidu ) and Franklin ( Franjinha ) , launched by the newspaper Folha da ManhΓ£ in 1959 . As the series continued , the central characters became Jimmy Five ( Cebolinha ) and Monica ( MΓ΄nica ) , both of whom began to appear in eponymous series in addition to the renamed Monicaβs Gang . The characters and comics were subsequently adapted into , among other media , an animated television series ; as well as films , most of which are anthologies . The stories revolve around the adventures of Monica and her friends in the fictional Lemon Tree Street ( Bairro do Limoeiro ) of SΓ£o Paulo , inspired by the neighborhood of CambuΓ in Campinas and the city of Mogi das Cruzes , where de Sousa spent his childhood . The Monicaβs Gang umbrella title also encompasses Chuck Billy n Folks , Tinas Pals , Lionels Kingdom and Bug-a-Booo , among other series . Monicas Gang was previously published by Abril and Globo and has been published by Panini Comics since 2007 . In 2008 , a spin-off series , Monica Teen , was created in a manga style and features the characters as teenagers . Publication history . MaurΓcio de Sousa , then reporter for Folha da ManhΓ£ , in 1959 , decided to enter the field of comics hitherto little disputed in the country . In the same year made his first characters Blu and Franklin , and decided that Blu would be the protagonist . Both were based on his own childhood , Franklin based on MaurΓcio himself and Blu on his pet dog CuΓca . The main inspirations of MaurΓcio de Sousa were through American comics like Peanuts and Little Lulu , which have inspired some recurring themes like the boys club . In the following year of 1960 , the characters gained ground through the childrens magazine Zaz Traz by publisher Editora Outubro , later getting their own comic titled Bidu by Editora Continental . However , the magazines were canceled that same year . After that the characters returned to newspaper strips , the character Jimmy Five which had won great popularity in the previous magazines has become protagonist of their own strips of newspaper next to Blu and Franklin in 1961 . Seeing potential in the character , Mauricio went on to create several supporting characters to appear in the Jimmy Five strips , like Smudge and Specs . But after so long MaurΓcio received a complaint for the lack of feminine characters in his comics . So to avoid further controversy , in 1963 Monica was created , initially as a supporting character in the Jimmy Five strips ( at first as the Specs little sister ) based on Mauricios real daughter MΓ΄nica Sousa . Over time , the success and the charisma of the character made her be the protagonist of the series alongside Jimmy Five which became her sidekick . Also in 1963 , Mauricio began to create new projects of comic strips with other characters without links with Monica and Jimmy Five , like Zezinho and Hiroshi ( now called Chuck Billy n Folks ) , The Cavern Clan , Bug-a-Booo , The Tribe and RaposΓ£o ( now called Lionels Kingdom ) . The characters only returned to be published in a monthly comic magazine from 1970 , by publisher Abril , initially under the title of MΓ΄nica e Sua Turma ( Monica and Her Gang ) , later being changed to MΓ΄nica and Turma da MΓ΄nica ( Monicas Gang ) , the latter title used only for merchandising . With so many of the characters ever created by Mauricio in strips of newspaper also began to appear in magazines next to Monicas Gang . At that time the area of comics was more played in Brazil , many Brazilian artists were trying to hold his own in the stalls along the publications of American comics like Donald Duck , JosΓ© Carioca , Little Lulu , and many others . Even with these new comics remained with their good sales on newsstands with this soon came to Jimmy Five magazine three years later . Sales were great and with that a contract with the footballer PelΓ© with MaurΓcio for the launch of a character based on him the , which was phenomenon among children at the time history logging in Brazilian comics . The staff of cartoonists has grown , leading to the foundation of the EstΓΊdios MaurΓcio de Sousa , who produce comics with increasingly faster thus appearing more marketing projects and producing cartoons . The first attempts to make a Monicas Gang cartoon occurred in the late 60s during a deal with food company that produced some commercials for television , these being commercial who originated the character Thunder , who is currently a main character of the Lionels Kingdom . The first film was only released in 1982 , which was produced in partnership with Black & White & Color and distributed by Embrafilme . Over the years , other characters gained their own magazines , like Smudge ( 1982 ) , Chuck Billy ( 1982 ) and Maggy ( 1989 ) . Other media have strengthened over the years and Monica-branded merchandise were launched , with products like books , toys , discs , CD-ROM and video games . A Monica-themed amusement park was created in 1993 in SΓ£o Paulo , titled Parque da MΓ΄nica ( Monica Park ) . In 2008 the franchise has received a manga-style comic entitled Monica Teen . Nowadays the comics are sold in 40 countries in 14 languages . Characters . The Monicas Gang series has an extensive amount of main and secondary characters . It has as main protagonists Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy ( the latter derived from the Chuck Billy n Folks ) and each has its own comic . Other characters from other series created by Mauricio de Sousa are also included on Monicas , making crossovers or quotations from each other in several stories , among several other characters . The main setting of the stories is the fictional neighborhood of Limoeiro in SΓ£o Paulo . Most stories focus on the daily lives of the main characters and occasionally on the secondary characters ; the humour usually uses various types of repetitions , allusions , appeals to the nonsense , paranomasias , sarcasm and metalanguage . The stories with Monica and Jimmy Five revolve around the conflict between the two . Jimmy Five is a troublemaker and bully who always tries to scold Monica or steal her stuffed bunny to give knots in its ears ( usually having Smudge or another boy accomplice ) , always having Monica get her revenge by hitting him with her stuffed bunny , often leaving him bruised and with black eyes . Often Jimmy Five makes plans against her with various traps , sometimes using Franklins inventions or talking Smudge into helping , but he always loses to Monica at the end . Smudges stories usually focus on his penchant for dirt and mess and his fear of water , without ever having taken a bath in life , and constantly being threatened by villains or his friends to take a bath whenever he gets away with a result at the end of the story . The stories with Maggy generally focus on her gluttony , with a superhuman ability to eat more than a normal person without ever getting fat and sometimes stealing food from her friends . Among the villains are Captain Fray , a supervillain with the power to control garbage and dirt , and Lord Raider , a space rabbit whose first appearance was in the movies . A joke often breaks the fourth wall . Related works . Other related works which relate to the series are : - Blu - Based on the first character of Monicas Gang , it shows the character Blu , a sentient dog , as acting as a mere actor in a studio of comics . - Chuck Billy n Folks - Focuses on the comic daily life of Chuck Billy , a lazy caipira boy and his friends who live on a farm in Brazils countryside . Hes the one that most often appears in contact with Monicas Gang . As Monicas Gang , he received a spin-off manga-style comic in 2013 called Chico Bento MoΓ§o ( Chuck Billy Teen ) . - Bug-a-Booo - Focuses on comedy stories involving monsters of horror films ( ghosts , vampires , werewolfs , Frankenstein and even the death ) in a cemetery . - Tinas Pals - Shows a daily routine of a group of teenagers and their daily lives as they date , go to college , among other issues . In 2014 , it received its own spin-off comic book series . - The Funnies - Focuses on the comic adventures of Bubbly , an astronaut , as he explores space . - Lionels Kingdom - Focuses on the daily lives of a group of anthropomorphic animals of different species in a forest led by a lion king . - The Cavern Clan - Focuses on Pitheco , a caveman inventor who is living in the midst of pre-history and tries to revolutionize humanity with his inventions . - Horacios World - Focuses on the life of a young philosopher , the dinosaur Horacio , and his friends . - The Tribe - Focuses on an amazonian Indian , Tom-Tom , which lives in a forest constantly threatened by white men , Media . Publications . Monicas Gang and its related works are released in a number of different books . Firstly , they were published by Editora Abril , from 1970 to 1986 , then Editora Globo , from 1987 to 2006 . From 2007 on , Panini Comics was chosen to keep the publications . So far there are comic books starring many characters , among the best known and sold are the characters of Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy , plus almanacs with republication of classic stories with varying characters . In 2015 was released an app for smartphones gathering more than 500 editions of comics franchise for download . Television and film adaptations . The characters of Monicas Gang are also the protagonists of which can be considered the first of Brazilian animation series . After being introduced on television as advertising-boys in commercial from the mid-1960s , complete stories began to be produced in 1976 and distributed through film-compilations during the 1980s and 1990s ( initially released in movies and then directly video ) . In 1999 , a series of shorts with the characters debuted in childrens programming Rede Globo ( which would display the regular series episodes only between the years 2010 and 2014 ) . A regular broadcast the series on TV only occurred in 2004 after negotiations with the Cartoon Network that since this year began broadcasting new episodes exclusively on the channel , still remaining on the schedule together of channels Tooncast ( currently transmitted in Cartoon Cartoons block ) and Boomerang . In addition to the animations , the characters also starred in two animated feature films who presents bigger stories instead of short compilations ; these are : A Princesa e o RobΓ΄ ( 1983 ) and Uma Aventura no Tempo ( 2007 ) - as well as two TV and video specials in live-action : ( 1979 ) and A RΓ‘dio do Chico Bento ( 1989 ) . Compilations . - As Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1982 ) - As Novas Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1986 ) - MΓ΄nica e a Sereia do Rio ( 1986 ) - O Bicho-PapΓ£o ( 1987 ) - A Estrelinha MΓ‘gica ( 1988 , direct-to-video ) - Chico Bento , Γia a OnΓ§a ! ( 1990 , direct-to-video ) - O Natal de Todos NΓ³s ( 1992 , direct-to-video ) - Quadro a Quadro ( 1996 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O MΓ΄nico ( 1997 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O Plano Sangrento ( 1998 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O Estranho Soro do Dr . X ( 1998 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : A Ilha Misteriosa ( 1999 , direct-to-video ) - Coleção Grandes Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 2002 , recovery direct-to-video including new episodes ) - ( 2004 ) - Cine Gibi 2 ( 2005 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 3 : Planos InfalΓveis ( 2008 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 4 : Meninos e Meninas ( 2009 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 5 : Luzes , CΓ’mera , Ação ! ( 2010 , direct-to-video ) - Se Liga na Turma da MΓ΄nica - Volume 1 ( 2011 , direct-to-video ) - Se Liga na Turma da MΓ΄nica - Volume 2 ( 2012 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 6 - Hora do Banho ( 2013 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 7 - BagunΓ§a Animal ( 2014 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 8 - TΓ‘ Brincando ? ( 2015 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 9 - Vamos Fazer de Conta ! ( 2016 , direct-to-video ) Monica Toy . Series launched to promote Monica Toy line launched by Tok & Stok , which features an ultra-stylized version of the characters of Monica in traits that refer to Toy Arts and famous franchises like Hello Kitty , Pucca and Gogos Crazy Bones . There are 7 seasons , with 23 mini-episodes each with about 30 seconds long , with 2D animation and exclusive language for web delivery . From the episode Hiccups ( released on July 17 , 2013 ) , the series was renamed and had its shortened to just Monica Toy title . On October 7 , 2013 , the series premiered on Cartoon Network in the interprograma format , debuting two episodes a week and airing at various times . Turma da MΓ΄nica : LaΓ§os . In 2019 , in cooperation with Paris Filmes , Globo Filmes and Paramount Pictures , Mauricio de Sousa Produçáes released in Brazilian cinemas the movie Turma da MΓ΄nica : LaΓ§os , on June 27 , being directed by Daniel Rezende . The movie was based on the best-selling eponymous graphic novel , written and drawn by siblings Victor Cafaggi and Lu Cafaggi . This was the first Monicas Gang live-action movie in which the main characters are played by real-life children , since the previous live-action movies were presented in the form of theater performances using adults in articulated mascots costumes . The plot of the movie revolves around the relationship of the gang . When Jimmy Fives dog , Fluffy , is abruptly abducted , the children must unite and eventually overcome their differences while facing new adventures on the way so they can bring their loyal friend back home . The movie presents Giulia Benite as Monica , Kevin Vechiatto as Jimmy Five , Laura Rauseo as Maggy and Gabriel Moreira as Smudge . It has been overly praised by Brazilian critics , who praises the balance between cartoonish situations with human conflicts . The movie is representing one of the highest Brazilian box office of 2019 and rumors about direct sequels based on the graphic novels Turma da MΓ΄nica : Liçáes and Turma da MΓ΄nica : LembranΓ§as have been on the loose . Video games . In the 1990s , three Monica video games were released by Tectoy for the Master System and Mega Drive ) , all of them are reworked versions of Wonder Boy games , with translated text and sprites replaced with characters from the comic . In the 1990s , MSP released three CD-ROMs with short stories complemented by minigames : MΓ΄nica DentuΓ§a ( 1995 ) , Cebolinha e Floquinho ( 1996 ) and A RoΓ§a do Chico Bento ( 1998 ) . Two CDs for creating comic books with both Monica and Chuck Billy were also released . In September 2010 , Tec Toy announced that they would produce an exclusive game for videogame console Zeebo Turma da MΓ΄nica - Vamos Brincar NΒΊ1 , but the game was canceled months later . The idea was to create a series of eight puzzle games , but due to the end of the island the project was canceled . In 2012 , the application for iPhones Quero Ser da Turma da MΓ΄nica , a game where it is possible create a digital avatar in the style of the characters , was released . In 2013 a game was released for iOS and Android called Coelhadas da MΓ΄nica ( Bunny-Bashing Monica ) , a puzzle game like Angry Birds . And in 2014 , the game Jogo do CascΓ£o ( The Smudge Game ) was released as a 2D platform running game with multiple stages . MΓ΄nica Park . An amusement park themed with Mauricio de Souzas characters , located at the Eldorado Shopping in SΓ£o Paulo . It was opened in January 1993 , and features a number of attractions , like the Carrossel do HorΓ‘cio ( Horacios merry-go-round , a carousel featuring dinosaurs instead of horses ) , the 3-D cinema , and many more . The Parque da MΓ΄nica of Curitiba and of Rio de Janeiro were also created , in 1998 and 2001 , respectively , but both were closed , in 2000 and 2005 , respectively . Until the end of 2006 , it had its own comic book , featuring adventures of Monicas gang at the park . When Panini Comics started to publish Mauricios works , this magazine was replaced by Turma da MΓ΄nica . The park was removed from Eldorado Shopping Center on early 2010 , when the space occupied by it was asked back by the shopping administrators . Mauricio de Sousa had already announced that the mall had requested the area back on July 2009 . The administration of the Shopping said that the mall was seeking more up-to-date alternatives , which fall under consumers expectations . In March 2015 , it was announced that the park would be reopened at Shopping SP Market . Merchandising . In the late 60s a line of dolls with characters Monica , Jimmy Five , Thunder , Horacio and Lucinda was manufactured by Trol Company , this was the first merchandising of the franchise . The character Thunder became mascot of a tomato sauce brand of the food company Cica in the late of 60s . An extensive line of toys and other products with the characters began to be manufactured since the 70s by various toy companies and remain heavily sold to the present in Brazilian stores . During the 80s , the franchise also came to have its own store network . The Lojinha da MΓ΄nica and Trenzinho da MΓ΄nica , had branches in several states of Brazil , selling products related to characters . In 2013 , the franchise was restarted in the form of an e-commerce portal . International distribution . Monica and Friends and related works have been published in 40 countries in 14 languages , including Spanish , Greek and Japanese . In Germany , comics were published between 1975 and 1980 under the name Fratz und Freunde and years later as Monica und Ihre Freunde . In the UK , comics have already been published under the name Frizz and Friends for a short time . In Italy , some comic books and classic episodes of cartoon were distributed on DVDs in the 90s , the cartoon was broadcast on Rai Due channel under the title La Banda di Monica . In Indonesia , the series is published under the title Monika dan kawan kawan , the comics are published there since 1997 , along the comic books of the characters Jimmi Lima ( Jimmy Five ) and Ciko Bento ( Chuck Billy N Folks ) . In China the comics were distributed to schools in 2007 , receiving years later adaptation of the cartoon , in 2011 one of the albums was awarded to childrens literature . There were plans for distribution in the United States and some Latin American countries , but they never came to fruition ( with the exception of the proper cartoon broadcast dubbed into Spanish in some Latin American countries ) , however translated comics in English and Spanish are sold directly in Brazil . Episodes of the cartoon dubbed in English are available on YouTube .
|
[
"Editora Globo"
] |
[
{
"text": " Monicas Gang or Monica and Friends ( Portuguese : Turma da MΓ΄nica , British English : Monica & Friends ) is a Brazilian comic book series and media franchise created by Mauricio de Sousa .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": "The series originated in a newspaper comic strip in which the protagonists were Blu ( Bidu ) and Franklin ( Franjinha ) , launched by the newspaper Folha da ManhΓ£ in 1959 . As the series continued , the central characters became Jimmy Five ( Cebolinha ) and Monica ( MΓ΄nica ) , both of whom began to appear in eponymous series in addition to the renamed Monicaβs Gang . The characters and comics were subsequently adapted into , among other media , an animated television series ; as well as films , most of which are anthologies .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": " The stories revolve around the adventures of Monica and her friends in the fictional Lemon Tree Street ( Bairro do Limoeiro ) of SΓ£o Paulo , inspired by the neighborhood of CambuΓ in Campinas and the city of Mogi das Cruzes , where de Sousa spent his childhood . The Monicaβs Gang umbrella title also encompasses Chuck Billy n Folks , Tinas Pals , Lionels Kingdom and Bug-a-Booo , among other series .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": "Monicas Gang was previously published by Abril and Globo and has been published by Panini Comics since 2007 . In 2008 , a spin-off series , Monica Teen , was created in a manga style and features the characters as teenagers .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": "MaurΓcio de Sousa , then reporter for Folha da ManhΓ£ , in 1959 , decided to enter the field of comics hitherto little disputed in the country . In the same year made his first characters Blu and Franklin , and decided that Blu would be the protagonist . Both were based on his own childhood , Franklin based on MaurΓcio himself and Blu on his pet dog CuΓca . The main inspirations of MaurΓcio de Sousa were through American comics like Peanuts and Little Lulu , which have inspired some recurring themes like the boys club . In the",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "following year of 1960 , the characters gained ground through the childrens magazine Zaz Traz by publisher Editora Outubro , later getting their own comic titled Bidu by Editora Continental . However , the magazines were canceled that same year .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "After that the characters returned to newspaper strips , the character Jimmy Five which had won great popularity in the previous magazines has become protagonist of their own strips of newspaper next to Blu and Franklin in 1961 . Seeing potential in the character , Mauricio went on to create several supporting characters to appear in the Jimmy Five strips , like Smudge and Specs . But after so long MaurΓcio received a complaint for the lack of feminine characters in his comics . So to avoid further controversy , in 1963 Monica was created , initially as a supporting",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "character in the Jimmy Five strips ( at first as the Specs little sister ) based on Mauricios real daughter MΓ΄nica Sousa . Over time , the success and the charisma of the character made her be the protagonist of the series alongside Jimmy Five which became her sidekick . Also in 1963 , Mauricio began to create new projects of comic strips with other characters without links with Monica and Jimmy Five , like Zezinho and Hiroshi ( now called Chuck Billy n Folks ) , The Cavern Clan , Bug-a-Booo , The Tribe and RaposΓ£o ( now called",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lionels Kingdom ) .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The characters only returned to be published in a monthly comic magazine from 1970 , by publisher Abril , initially under the title of MΓ΄nica e Sua Turma ( Monica and Her Gang ) , later being changed to MΓ΄nica and Turma da MΓ΄nica ( Monicas Gang ) , the latter title used only for merchandising . With so many of the characters ever created by Mauricio in strips of newspaper also began to appear in magazines next to Monicas Gang . At that time the area of comics was more played in Brazil , many Brazilian artists were trying",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "to hold his own in the stalls along the publications of American comics like Donald Duck , JosΓ© Carioca , Little Lulu , and many others . Even with these new comics remained with their good sales on newsstands with this soon came to Jimmy Five magazine three years later . Sales were great and with that a contract with the footballer PelΓ© with MaurΓcio for the launch of a character based on him the , which was phenomenon among children at the time history logging in Brazilian comics .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The staff of cartoonists has grown , leading to the foundation of the EstΓΊdios MaurΓcio de Sousa , who produce comics with increasingly faster thus appearing more marketing projects and producing cartoons . The first attempts to make a Monicas Gang cartoon occurred in the late 60s during a deal with food company that produced some commercials for television , these being commercial who originated the character Thunder , who is currently a main character of the Lionels Kingdom . The first film was only released in 1982 , which was produced in partnership with Black & White & Color",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "and distributed by Embrafilme .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Over the years , other characters gained their own magazines , like Smudge ( 1982 ) , Chuck Billy ( 1982 ) and Maggy ( 1989 ) . Other media have strengthened over the years and Monica-branded merchandise were launched , with products like books , toys , discs , CD-ROM and video games . A Monica-themed amusement park was created in 1993 in SΓ£o Paulo , titled Parque da MΓ΄nica ( Monica Park ) . In 2008 the franchise has received a manga-style comic entitled Monica Teen .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Nowadays the comics are sold in 40 countries in 14 languages .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " The Monicas Gang series has an extensive amount of main and secondary characters . It has as main protagonists Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy ( the latter derived from the Chuck Billy n Folks ) and each has its own comic . Other characters from other series created by Mauricio de Sousa are also included on Monicas , making crossovers or quotations from each other in several stories , among several other characters . The main setting of the stories is the fictional neighborhood of Limoeiro in SΓ£o Paulo .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": "Most stories focus on the daily lives of the main characters and occasionally on the secondary characters ; the humour usually uses various types of repetitions , allusions , appeals to the nonsense , paranomasias , sarcasm and metalanguage . The stories with Monica and Jimmy Five revolve around the conflict between the two . Jimmy Five is a troublemaker and bully who always tries to scold Monica or steal her stuffed bunny to give knots in its ears ( usually having Smudge or another boy accomplice ) , always having Monica get her revenge by hitting him with her",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": "stuffed bunny , often leaving him bruised and with black eyes . Often Jimmy Five makes plans against her with various traps , sometimes using Franklins inventions or talking Smudge into helping , but he always loses to Monica at the end .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": " Smudges stories usually focus on his penchant for dirt and mess and his fear of water , without ever having taken a bath in life , and constantly being threatened by villains or his friends to take a bath whenever he gets away with a result at the end of the story . The stories with Maggy generally focus on her gluttony , with a superhuman ability to eat more than a normal person without ever getting fat and sometimes stealing food from her friends .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": "Among the villains are Captain Fray , a supervillain with the power to control garbage and dirt , and Lord Raider , a space rabbit whose first appearance was in the movies . A joke often breaks the fourth wall .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": " Other related works which relate to the series are : - Blu - Based on the first character of Monicas Gang , it shows the character Blu , a sentient dog , as acting as a mere actor in a studio of comics .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": "- Chuck Billy n Folks - Focuses on the comic daily life of Chuck Billy , a lazy caipira boy and his friends who live on a farm in Brazils countryside . Hes the one that most often appears in contact with Monicas Gang . As Monicas Gang , he received a spin-off manga-style comic in 2013 called Chico Bento Moço ( Chuck Billy Teen ) .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": " - Bug-a-Booo - Focuses on comedy stories involving monsters of horror films ( ghosts , vampires , werewolfs , Frankenstein and even the death ) in a cemetery . - Tinas Pals - Shows a daily routine of a group of teenagers and their daily lives as they date , go to college , among other issues . In 2014 , it received its own spin-off comic book series . - The Funnies - Focuses on the comic adventures of Bubbly , an astronaut , as he explores space .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": "- Lionels Kingdom - Focuses on the daily lives of a group of anthropomorphic animals of different species in a forest led by a lion king .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": " - The Cavern Clan - Focuses on Pitheco , a caveman inventor who is living in the midst of pre-history and tries to revolutionize humanity with his inventions . - Horacios World - Focuses on the life of a young philosopher , the dinosaur Horacio , and his friends . - The Tribe - Focuses on an amazonian Indian , Tom-Tom , which lives in a forest constantly threatened by white men ,",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": "Monicas Gang and its related works are released in a number of different books . Firstly , they were published by Editora Abril , from 1970 to 1986 , then Editora Globo , from 1987 to 2006 . From 2007 on , Panini Comics was chosen to keep the publications . So far there are comic books starring many characters , among the best known and sold are the characters of Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy , plus almanacs with republication of classic stories with varying characters . In 2015 was released an app",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "for smartphones gathering more than 500 editions of comics franchise for download .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " Television and film adaptations . The characters of Monicas Gang are also the protagonists of which can be considered the first of Brazilian animation series . After being introduced on television as advertising-boys in commercial from the mid-1960s , complete stories began to be produced in 1976 and distributed through film-compilations during the 1980s and 1990s ( initially released in movies and then directly video ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , a series of shorts with the characters debuted in childrens programming Rede Globo ( which would display the regular series episodes only between the years 2010 and 2014 ) . A regular broadcast the series on TV only occurred in 2004 after negotiations with the Cartoon Network that since this year began broadcasting new episodes exclusively on the channel , still remaining on the schedule together of channels Tooncast ( currently transmitted in Cartoon Cartoons block ) and Boomerang .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " In addition to the animations , the characters also starred in two animated feature films who presents bigger stories instead of short compilations ; these are : A Princesa e o RobΓ΄ ( 1983 ) and Uma Aventura no Tempo ( 2007 ) - as well as two TV and video specials in live-action : ( 1979 ) and A RΓ‘dio do Chico Bento ( 1989 ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - As Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1982 ) - As Novas Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1986 ) - MΓ΄nica e a Sereia do Rio ( 1986 ) - O Bicho-PapΓ£o ( 1987 ) - A Estrelinha MΓ‘gica ( 1988 , direct-to-video ) - Chico Bento , Γia a OnΓ§a ! ( 1990 , direct-to-video ) - O Natal de Todos NΓ³s ( 1992 , direct-to-video ) - Quadro a Quadro ( 1996 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O MΓ΄nico ( 1997 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": "- Videogibi : O Plano Sangrento ( 1998 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": " - Videogibi : O Estranho Soro do Dr . X ( 1998 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : A Ilha Misteriosa ( 1999 , direct-to-video ) - Coleção Grandes Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 2002 , recovery direct-to-video including new episodes ) - ( 2004 ) - Cine Gibi 2 ( 2005 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 3 : Planos InfalΓveis ( 2008 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 4 : Meninos e Meninas ( 2009 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 5 : Luzes , CΓ’mera , Ação ! ( 2010 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": "- Se Liga na Turma da MΓ΄nica - Volume 1 ( 2011 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": " - Se Liga na Turma da Mônica - Volume 2 ( 2012 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 6 - Hora do Banho ( 2013 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 7 - Bagunça Animal ( 2014 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 8 - TÑ Brincando ? ( 2015 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 9 - Vamos Fazer de Conta ! ( 2016 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": " Series launched to promote Monica Toy line launched by Tok & Stok , which features an ultra-stylized version of the characters of Monica in traits that refer to Toy Arts and famous franchises like Hello Kitty , Pucca and Gogos Crazy Bones . There are 7 seasons , with 23 mini-episodes each with about 30 seconds long , with 2D animation and exclusive language for web delivery .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "From the episode Hiccups ( released on July 17 , 2013 ) , the series was renamed and had its shortened to just Monica Toy title . On October 7 , 2013 , the series premiered on Cartoon Network in the interprograma format , debuting two episodes a week and airing at various times .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 , in cooperation with Paris Filmes , Globo Filmes and Paramount Pictures , Mauricio de Sousa Produçáes released in Brazilian cinemas the movie Turma da Mônica : Laços , on June 27 , being directed by Daniel Rezende . The movie was based on the best-selling eponymous graphic novel , written and drawn by siblings Victor Cafaggi and Lu Cafaggi . This was the first Monicas Gang live-action movie in which the main characters are played by real-life children , since the previous live-action movies were presented in the form of theater performances using adults in articulated mascots",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "costumes .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": " The plot of the movie revolves around the relationship of the gang . When Jimmy Fives dog , Fluffy , is abruptly abducted , the children must unite and eventually overcome their differences while facing new adventures on the way so they can bring their loyal friend back home .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "The movie presents Giulia Benite as Monica , Kevin Vechiatto as Jimmy Five , Laura Rauseo as Maggy and Gabriel Moreira as Smudge . It has been overly praised by Brazilian critics , who praises the balance between cartoonish situations with human conflicts . The movie is representing one of the highest Brazilian box office of 2019 and rumors about direct sequels based on the graphic novels Turma da Mônica : Liçáes and Turma da Mônica : Lembranças have been on the loose .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": " In the 1990s , three Monica video games were released by Tectoy for the Master System and Mega Drive ) , all of them are reworked versions of Wonder Boy games , with translated text and sprites replaced with characters from the comic . In the 1990s , MSP released three CD-ROMs with short stories complemented by minigames : Mônica Dentuça ( 1995 ) , Cebolinha e Floquinho ( 1996 ) and A Roça do Chico Bento ( 1998 ) . Two CDs for creating comic books with both Monica and Chuck Billy were also released .",
"title": "Video games"
},
{
"text": "In September 2010 , Tec Toy announced that they would produce an exclusive game for videogame console Zeebo Turma da MΓ΄nica - Vamos Brincar NΒΊ1 , but the game was canceled months later . The idea was to create a series of eight puzzle games , but due to the end of the island the project was canceled .",
"title": "Video games"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 , the application for iPhones Quero Ser da Turma da MΓ΄nica , a game where it is possible create a digital avatar in the style of the characters , was released . In 2013 a game was released for iOS and Android called Coelhadas da MΓ΄nica ( Bunny-Bashing Monica ) , a puzzle game like Angry Birds . And in 2014 , the game Jogo do CascΓ£o ( The Smudge Game ) was released as a 2D platform running game with multiple stages .",
"title": "Video games"
},
{
"text": "An amusement park themed with Mauricio de Souzas characters , located at the Eldorado Shopping in SΓ£o Paulo . It was opened in January 1993 , and features a number of attractions , like the Carrossel do HorΓ‘cio ( Horacios merry-go-round , a carousel featuring dinosaurs instead of horses ) , the 3-D cinema , and many more . The Parque da MΓ΄nica of Curitiba and of Rio de Janeiro were also created , in 1998 and 2001 , respectively , but both were closed , in 2000 and 2005 , respectively . Until the end of 2006 , it",
"title": "MΓ΄nica Park"
},
{
"text": "had its own comic book , featuring adventures of Monicas gang at the park . When Panini Comics started to publish Mauricios works , this magazine was replaced by Turma da MΓ΄nica .",
"title": "MΓ΄nica Park"
},
{
"text": " The park was removed from Eldorado Shopping Center on early 2010 , when the space occupied by it was asked back by the shopping administrators . Mauricio de Sousa had already announced that the mall had requested the area back on July 2009 . The administration of the Shopping said that the mall was seeking more up-to-date alternatives , which fall under consumers expectations . In March 2015 , it was announced that the park would be reopened at Shopping SP Market .",
"title": "MΓ΄nica Park"
},
{
"text": " In the late 60s a line of dolls with characters Monica , Jimmy Five , Thunder , Horacio and Lucinda was manufactured by Trol Company , this was the first merchandising of the franchise . The character Thunder became mascot of a tomato sauce brand of the food company Cica in the late of 60s . An extensive line of toys and other products with the characters began to be manufactured since the 70s by various toy companies and remain heavily sold to the present in Brazilian stores .",
"title": "Merchandising"
},
{
"text": "During the 80s , the franchise also came to have its own store network . The Lojinha da MΓ΄nica and Trenzinho da MΓ΄nica , had branches in several states of Brazil , selling products related to characters . In 2013 , the franchise was restarted in the form of an e-commerce portal .",
"title": "Merchandising"
},
{
"text": " Monica and Friends and related works have been published in 40 countries in 14 languages , including Spanish , Greek and Japanese .",
"title": "International distribution"
},
{
"text": "In Germany , comics were published between 1975 and 1980 under the name Fratz und Freunde and years later as Monica und Ihre Freunde . In the UK , comics have already been published under the name Frizz and Friends for a short time . In Italy , some comic books and classic episodes of cartoon were distributed on DVDs in the 90s , the cartoon was broadcast on Rai Due channel under the title La Banda di Monica . In Indonesia , the series is published under the title Monika dan kawan kawan , the comics are published there",
"title": "International distribution"
},
{
"text": "since 1997 , along the comic books of the characters Jimmi Lima ( Jimmy Five ) and Ciko Bento ( Chuck Billy N Folks ) . In China the comics were distributed to schools in 2007 , receiving years later adaptation of the cartoon , in 2011 one of the albums was awarded to childrens literature .",
"title": "International distribution"
},
{
"text": " There were plans for distribution in the United States and some Latin American countries , but they never came to fruition ( with the exception of the proper cartoon broadcast dubbed into Spanish in some Latin American countries ) , however translated comics in English and Spanish are sold directly in Brazil . Episodes of the cartoon dubbed in English are available on YouTube .",
"title": "International distribution"
}
] |
/wiki/Monica's_Gang#P123#2
|
What was the publisher of Monica's Gang in Nov 2007?
|
Monicas Gang Monicas Gang or Monica and Friends ( Portuguese : Turma da MΓ΄nica , British English : Monica & Friends ) is a Brazilian comic book series and media franchise created by Mauricio de Sousa . The series originated in a newspaper comic strip in which the protagonists were Blu ( Bidu ) and Franklin ( Franjinha ) , launched by the newspaper Folha da ManhΓ£ in 1959 . As the series continued , the central characters became Jimmy Five ( Cebolinha ) and Monica ( MΓ΄nica ) , both of whom began to appear in eponymous series in addition to the renamed Monicaβs Gang . The characters and comics were subsequently adapted into , among other media , an animated television series ; as well as films , most of which are anthologies . The stories revolve around the adventures of Monica and her friends in the fictional Lemon Tree Street ( Bairro do Limoeiro ) of SΓ£o Paulo , inspired by the neighborhood of CambuΓ in Campinas and the city of Mogi das Cruzes , where de Sousa spent his childhood . The Monicaβs Gang umbrella title also encompasses Chuck Billy n Folks , Tinas Pals , Lionels Kingdom and Bug-a-Booo , among other series . Monicas Gang was previously published by Abril and Globo and has been published by Panini Comics since 2007 . In 2008 , a spin-off series , Monica Teen , was created in a manga style and features the characters as teenagers . Publication history . MaurΓcio de Sousa , then reporter for Folha da ManhΓ£ , in 1959 , decided to enter the field of comics hitherto little disputed in the country . In the same year made his first characters Blu and Franklin , and decided that Blu would be the protagonist . Both were based on his own childhood , Franklin based on MaurΓcio himself and Blu on his pet dog CuΓca . The main inspirations of MaurΓcio de Sousa were through American comics like Peanuts and Little Lulu , which have inspired some recurring themes like the boys club . In the following year of 1960 , the characters gained ground through the childrens magazine Zaz Traz by publisher Editora Outubro , later getting their own comic titled Bidu by Editora Continental . However , the magazines were canceled that same year . After that the characters returned to newspaper strips , the character Jimmy Five which had won great popularity in the previous magazines has become protagonist of their own strips of newspaper next to Blu and Franklin in 1961 . Seeing potential in the character , Mauricio went on to create several supporting characters to appear in the Jimmy Five strips , like Smudge and Specs . But after so long MaurΓcio received a complaint for the lack of feminine characters in his comics . So to avoid further controversy , in 1963 Monica was created , initially as a supporting character in the Jimmy Five strips ( at first as the Specs little sister ) based on Mauricios real daughter MΓ΄nica Sousa . Over time , the success and the charisma of the character made her be the protagonist of the series alongside Jimmy Five which became her sidekick . Also in 1963 , Mauricio began to create new projects of comic strips with other characters without links with Monica and Jimmy Five , like Zezinho and Hiroshi ( now called Chuck Billy n Folks ) , The Cavern Clan , Bug-a-Booo , The Tribe and RaposΓ£o ( now called Lionels Kingdom ) . The characters only returned to be published in a monthly comic magazine from 1970 , by publisher Abril , initially under the title of MΓ΄nica e Sua Turma ( Monica and Her Gang ) , later being changed to MΓ΄nica and Turma da MΓ΄nica ( Monicas Gang ) , the latter title used only for merchandising . With so many of the characters ever created by Mauricio in strips of newspaper also began to appear in magazines next to Monicas Gang . At that time the area of comics was more played in Brazil , many Brazilian artists were trying to hold his own in the stalls along the publications of American comics like Donald Duck , JosΓ© Carioca , Little Lulu , and many others . Even with these new comics remained with their good sales on newsstands with this soon came to Jimmy Five magazine three years later . Sales were great and with that a contract with the footballer PelΓ© with MaurΓcio for the launch of a character based on him the , which was phenomenon among children at the time history logging in Brazilian comics . The staff of cartoonists has grown , leading to the foundation of the EstΓΊdios MaurΓcio de Sousa , who produce comics with increasingly faster thus appearing more marketing projects and producing cartoons . The first attempts to make a Monicas Gang cartoon occurred in the late 60s during a deal with food company that produced some commercials for television , these being commercial who originated the character Thunder , who is currently a main character of the Lionels Kingdom . The first film was only released in 1982 , which was produced in partnership with Black & White & Color and distributed by Embrafilme . Over the years , other characters gained their own magazines , like Smudge ( 1982 ) , Chuck Billy ( 1982 ) and Maggy ( 1989 ) . Other media have strengthened over the years and Monica-branded merchandise were launched , with products like books , toys , discs , CD-ROM and video games . A Monica-themed amusement park was created in 1993 in SΓ£o Paulo , titled Parque da MΓ΄nica ( Monica Park ) . In 2008 the franchise has received a manga-style comic entitled Monica Teen . Nowadays the comics are sold in 40 countries in 14 languages . Characters . The Monicas Gang series has an extensive amount of main and secondary characters . It has as main protagonists Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy ( the latter derived from the Chuck Billy n Folks ) and each has its own comic . Other characters from other series created by Mauricio de Sousa are also included on Monicas , making crossovers or quotations from each other in several stories , among several other characters . The main setting of the stories is the fictional neighborhood of Limoeiro in SΓ£o Paulo . Most stories focus on the daily lives of the main characters and occasionally on the secondary characters ; the humour usually uses various types of repetitions , allusions , appeals to the nonsense , paranomasias , sarcasm and metalanguage . The stories with Monica and Jimmy Five revolve around the conflict between the two . Jimmy Five is a troublemaker and bully who always tries to scold Monica or steal her stuffed bunny to give knots in its ears ( usually having Smudge or another boy accomplice ) , always having Monica get her revenge by hitting him with her stuffed bunny , often leaving him bruised and with black eyes . Often Jimmy Five makes plans against her with various traps , sometimes using Franklins inventions or talking Smudge into helping , but he always loses to Monica at the end . Smudges stories usually focus on his penchant for dirt and mess and his fear of water , without ever having taken a bath in life , and constantly being threatened by villains or his friends to take a bath whenever he gets away with a result at the end of the story . The stories with Maggy generally focus on her gluttony , with a superhuman ability to eat more than a normal person without ever getting fat and sometimes stealing food from her friends . Among the villains are Captain Fray , a supervillain with the power to control garbage and dirt , and Lord Raider , a space rabbit whose first appearance was in the movies . A joke often breaks the fourth wall . Related works . Other related works which relate to the series are : - Blu - Based on the first character of Monicas Gang , it shows the character Blu , a sentient dog , as acting as a mere actor in a studio of comics . - Chuck Billy n Folks - Focuses on the comic daily life of Chuck Billy , a lazy caipira boy and his friends who live on a farm in Brazils countryside . Hes the one that most often appears in contact with Monicas Gang . As Monicas Gang , he received a spin-off manga-style comic in 2013 called Chico Bento MoΓ§o ( Chuck Billy Teen ) . - Bug-a-Booo - Focuses on comedy stories involving monsters of horror films ( ghosts , vampires , werewolfs , Frankenstein and even the death ) in a cemetery . - Tinas Pals - Shows a daily routine of a group of teenagers and their daily lives as they date , go to college , among other issues . In 2014 , it received its own spin-off comic book series . - The Funnies - Focuses on the comic adventures of Bubbly , an astronaut , as he explores space . - Lionels Kingdom - Focuses on the daily lives of a group of anthropomorphic animals of different species in a forest led by a lion king . - The Cavern Clan - Focuses on Pitheco , a caveman inventor who is living in the midst of pre-history and tries to revolutionize humanity with his inventions . - Horacios World - Focuses on the life of a young philosopher , the dinosaur Horacio , and his friends . - The Tribe - Focuses on an amazonian Indian , Tom-Tom , which lives in a forest constantly threatened by white men , Media . Publications . Monicas Gang and its related works are released in a number of different books . Firstly , they were published by Editora Abril , from 1970 to 1986 , then Editora Globo , from 1987 to 2006 . From 2007 on , Panini Comics was chosen to keep the publications . So far there are comic books starring many characters , among the best known and sold are the characters of Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy , plus almanacs with republication of classic stories with varying characters . In 2015 was released an app for smartphones gathering more than 500 editions of comics franchise for download . Television and film adaptations . The characters of Monicas Gang are also the protagonists of which can be considered the first of Brazilian animation series . After being introduced on television as advertising-boys in commercial from the mid-1960s , complete stories began to be produced in 1976 and distributed through film-compilations during the 1980s and 1990s ( initially released in movies and then directly video ) . In 1999 , a series of shorts with the characters debuted in childrens programming Rede Globo ( which would display the regular series episodes only between the years 2010 and 2014 ) . A regular broadcast the series on TV only occurred in 2004 after negotiations with the Cartoon Network that since this year began broadcasting new episodes exclusively on the channel , still remaining on the schedule together of channels Tooncast ( currently transmitted in Cartoon Cartoons block ) and Boomerang . In addition to the animations , the characters also starred in two animated feature films who presents bigger stories instead of short compilations ; these are : A Princesa e o RobΓ΄ ( 1983 ) and Uma Aventura no Tempo ( 2007 ) - as well as two TV and video specials in live-action : ( 1979 ) and A RΓ‘dio do Chico Bento ( 1989 ) . Compilations . - As Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1982 ) - As Novas Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1986 ) - MΓ΄nica e a Sereia do Rio ( 1986 ) - O Bicho-PapΓ£o ( 1987 ) - A Estrelinha MΓ‘gica ( 1988 , direct-to-video ) - Chico Bento , Γia a OnΓ§a ! ( 1990 , direct-to-video ) - O Natal de Todos NΓ³s ( 1992 , direct-to-video ) - Quadro a Quadro ( 1996 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O MΓ΄nico ( 1997 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O Plano Sangrento ( 1998 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O Estranho Soro do Dr . X ( 1998 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : A Ilha Misteriosa ( 1999 , direct-to-video ) - Coleção Grandes Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 2002 , recovery direct-to-video including new episodes ) - ( 2004 ) - Cine Gibi 2 ( 2005 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 3 : Planos InfalΓveis ( 2008 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 4 : Meninos e Meninas ( 2009 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 5 : Luzes , CΓ’mera , Ação ! ( 2010 , direct-to-video ) - Se Liga na Turma da MΓ΄nica - Volume 1 ( 2011 , direct-to-video ) - Se Liga na Turma da MΓ΄nica - Volume 2 ( 2012 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 6 - Hora do Banho ( 2013 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 7 - BagunΓ§a Animal ( 2014 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 8 - TΓ‘ Brincando ? ( 2015 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 9 - Vamos Fazer de Conta ! ( 2016 , direct-to-video ) Monica Toy . Series launched to promote Monica Toy line launched by Tok & Stok , which features an ultra-stylized version of the characters of Monica in traits that refer to Toy Arts and famous franchises like Hello Kitty , Pucca and Gogos Crazy Bones . There are 7 seasons , with 23 mini-episodes each with about 30 seconds long , with 2D animation and exclusive language for web delivery . From the episode Hiccups ( released on July 17 , 2013 ) , the series was renamed and had its shortened to just Monica Toy title . On October 7 , 2013 , the series premiered on Cartoon Network in the interprograma format , debuting two episodes a week and airing at various times . Turma da MΓ΄nica : LaΓ§os . In 2019 , in cooperation with Paris Filmes , Globo Filmes and Paramount Pictures , Mauricio de Sousa Produçáes released in Brazilian cinemas the movie Turma da MΓ΄nica : LaΓ§os , on June 27 , being directed by Daniel Rezende . The movie was based on the best-selling eponymous graphic novel , written and drawn by siblings Victor Cafaggi and Lu Cafaggi . This was the first Monicas Gang live-action movie in which the main characters are played by real-life children , since the previous live-action movies were presented in the form of theater performances using adults in articulated mascots costumes . The plot of the movie revolves around the relationship of the gang . When Jimmy Fives dog , Fluffy , is abruptly abducted , the children must unite and eventually overcome their differences while facing new adventures on the way so they can bring their loyal friend back home . The movie presents Giulia Benite as Monica , Kevin Vechiatto as Jimmy Five , Laura Rauseo as Maggy and Gabriel Moreira as Smudge . It has been overly praised by Brazilian critics , who praises the balance between cartoonish situations with human conflicts . The movie is representing one of the highest Brazilian box office of 2019 and rumors about direct sequels based on the graphic novels Turma da MΓ΄nica : Liçáes and Turma da MΓ΄nica : LembranΓ§as have been on the loose . Video games . In the 1990s , three Monica video games were released by Tectoy for the Master System and Mega Drive ) , all of them are reworked versions of Wonder Boy games , with translated text and sprites replaced with characters from the comic . In the 1990s , MSP released three CD-ROMs with short stories complemented by minigames : MΓ΄nica DentuΓ§a ( 1995 ) , Cebolinha e Floquinho ( 1996 ) and A RoΓ§a do Chico Bento ( 1998 ) . Two CDs for creating comic books with both Monica and Chuck Billy were also released . In September 2010 , Tec Toy announced that they would produce an exclusive game for videogame console Zeebo Turma da MΓ΄nica - Vamos Brincar NΒΊ1 , but the game was canceled months later . The idea was to create a series of eight puzzle games , but due to the end of the island the project was canceled . In 2012 , the application for iPhones Quero Ser da Turma da MΓ΄nica , a game where it is possible create a digital avatar in the style of the characters , was released . In 2013 a game was released for iOS and Android called Coelhadas da MΓ΄nica ( Bunny-Bashing Monica ) , a puzzle game like Angry Birds . And in 2014 , the game Jogo do CascΓ£o ( The Smudge Game ) was released as a 2D platform running game with multiple stages . MΓ΄nica Park . An amusement park themed with Mauricio de Souzas characters , located at the Eldorado Shopping in SΓ£o Paulo . It was opened in January 1993 , and features a number of attractions , like the Carrossel do HorΓ‘cio ( Horacios merry-go-round , a carousel featuring dinosaurs instead of horses ) , the 3-D cinema , and many more . The Parque da MΓ΄nica of Curitiba and of Rio de Janeiro were also created , in 1998 and 2001 , respectively , but both were closed , in 2000 and 2005 , respectively . Until the end of 2006 , it had its own comic book , featuring adventures of Monicas gang at the park . When Panini Comics started to publish Mauricios works , this magazine was replaced by Turma da MΓ΄nica . The park was removed from Eldorado Shopping Center on early 2010 , when the space occupied by it was asked back by the shopping administrators . Mauricio de Sousa had already announced that the mall had requested the area back on July 2009 . The administration of the Shopping said that the mall was seeking more up-to-date alternatives , which fall under consumers expectations . In March 2015 , it was announced that the park would be reopened at Shopping SP Market . Merchandising . In the late 60s a line of dolls with characters Monica , Jimmy Five , Thunder , Horacio and Lucinda was manufactured by Trol Company , this was the first merchandising of the franchise . The character Thunder became mascot of a tomato sauce brand of the food company Cica in the late of 60s . An extensive line of toys and other products with the characters began to be manufactured since the 70s by various toy companies and remain heavily sold to the present in Brazilian stores . During the 80s , the franchise also came to have its own store network . The Lojinha da MΓ΄nica and Trenzinho da MΓ΄nica , had branches in several states of Brazil , selling products related to characters . In 2013 , the franchise was restarted in the form of an e-commerce portal . International distribution . Monica and Friends and related works have been published in 40 countries in 14 languages , including Spanish , Greek and Japanese . In Germany , comics were published between 1975 and 1980 under the name Fratz und Freunde and years later as Monica und Ihre Freunde . In the UK , comics have already been published under the name Frizz and Friends for a short time . In Italy , some comic books and classic episodes of cartoon were distributed on DVDs in the 90s , the cartoon was broadcast on Rai Due channel under the title La Banda di Monica . In Indonesia , the series is published under the title Monika dan kawan kawan , the comics are published there since 1997 , along the comic books of the characters Jimmi Lima ( Jimmy Five ) and Ciko Bento ( Chuck Billy N Folks ) . In China the comics were distributed to schools in 2007 , receiving years later adaptation of the cartoon , in 2011 one of the albums was awarded to childrens literature . There were plans for distribution in the United States and some Latin American countries , but they never came to fruition ( with the exception of the proper cartoon broadcast dubbed into Spanish in some Latin American countries ) , however translated comics in English and Spanish are sold directly in Brazil . Episodes of the cartoon dubbed in English are available on YouTube .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Monicas Gang or Monica and Friends ( Portuguese : Turma da MΓ΄nica , British English : Monica & Friends ) is a Brazilian comic book series and media franchise created by Mauricio de Sousa .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": "The series originated in a newspaper comic strip in which the protagonists were Blu ( Bidu ) and Franklin ( Franjinha ) , launched by the newspaper Folha da ManhΓ£ in 1959 . As the series continued , the central characters became Jimmy Five ( Cebolinha ) and Monica ( MΓ΄nica ) , both of whom began to appear in eponymous series in addition to the renamed Monicaβs Gang . The characters and comics were subsequently adapted into , among other media , an animated television series ; as well as films , most of which are anthologies .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": " The stories revolve around the adventures of Monica and her friends in the fictional Lemon Tree Street ( Bairro do Limoeiro ) of SΓ£o Paulo , inspired by the neighborhood of CambuΓ in Campinas and the city of Mogi das Cruzes , where de Sousa spent his childhood . The Monicaβs Gang umbrella title also encompasses Chuck Billy n Folks , Tinas Pals , Lionels Kingdom and Bug-a-Booo , among other series .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": "Monicas Gang was previously published by Abril and Globo and has been published by Panini Comics since 2007 . In 2008 , a spin-off series , Monica Teen , was created in a manga style and features the characters as teenagers .",
"title": "Monicas Gang"
},
{
"text": "MaurΓcio de Sousa , then reporter for Folha da ManhΓ£ , in 1959 , decided to enter the field of comics hitherto little disputed in the country . In the same year made his first characters Blu and Franklin , and decided that Blu would be the protagonist . Both were based on his own childhood , Franklin based on MaurΓcio himself and Blu on his pet dog CuΓca . The main inspirations of MaurΓcio de Sousa were through American comics like Peanuts and Little Lulu , which have inspired some recurring themes like the boys club . In the",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "following year of 1960 , the characters gained ground through the childrens magazine Zaz Traz by publisher Editora Outubro , later getting their own comic titled Bidu by Editora Continental . However , the magazines were canceled that same year .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "After that the characters returned to newspaper strips , the character Jimmy Five which had won great popularity in the previous magazines has become protagonist of their own strips of newspaper next to Blu and Franklin in 1961 . Seeing potential in the character , Mauricio went on to create several supporting characters to appear in the Jimmy Five strips , like Smudge and Specs . But after so long MaurΓcio received a complaint for the lack of feminine characters in his comics . So to avoid further controversy , in 1963 Monica was created , initially as a supporting",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "character in the Jimmy Five strips ( at first as the Specs little sister ) based on Mauricios real daughter MΓ΄nica Sousa . Over time , the success and the charisma of the character made her be the protagonist of the series alongside Jimmy Five which became her sidekick . Also in 1963 , Mauricio began to create new projects of comic strips with other characters without links with Monica and Jimmy Five , like Zezinho and Hiroshi ( now called Chuck Billy n Folks ) , The Cavern Clan , Bug-a-Booo , The Tribe and RaposΓ£o ( now called",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lionels Kingdom ) .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The characters only returned to be published in a monthly comic magazine from 1970 , by publisher Abril , initially under the title of MΓ΄nica e Sua Turma ( Monica and Her Gang ) , later being changed to MΓ΄nica and Turma da MΓ΄nica ( Monicas Gang ) , the latter title used only for merchandising . With so many of the characters ever created by Mauricio in strips of newspaper also began to appear in magazines next to Monicas Gang . At that time the area of comics was more played in Brazil , many Brazilian artists were trying",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "to hold his own in the stalls along the publications of American comics like Donald Duck , JosΓ© Carioca , Little Lulu , and many others . Even with these new comics remained with their good sales on newsstands with this soon came to Jimmy Five magazine three years later . Sales were great and with that a contract with the footballer PelΓ© with MaurΓcio for the launch of a character based on him the , which was phenomenon among children at the time history logging in Brazilian comics .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The staff of cartoonists has grown , leading to the foundation of the EstΓΊdios MaurΓcio de Sousa , who produce comics with increasingly faster thus appearing more marketing projects and producing cartoons . The first attempts to make a Monicas Gang cartoon occurred in the late 60s during a deal with food company that produced some commercials for television , these being commercial who originated the character Thunder , who is currently a main character of the Lionels Kingdom . The first film was only released in 1982 , which was produced in partnership with Black & White & Color",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "and distributed by Embrafilme .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Over the years , other characters gained their own magazines , like Smudge ( 1982 ) , Chuck Billy ( 1982 ) and Maggy ( 1989 ) . Other media have strengthened over the years and Monica-branded merchandise were launched , with products like books , toys , discs , CD-ROM and video games . A Monica-themed amusement park was created in 1993 in SΓ£o Paulo , titled Parque da MΓ΄nica ( Monica Park ) . In 2008 the franchise has received a manga-style comic entitled Monica Teen .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Nowadays the comics are sold in 40 countries in 14 languages .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " The Monicas Gang series has an extensive amount of main and secondary characters . It has as main protagonists Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy ( the latter derived from the Chuck Billy n Folks ) and each has its own comic . Other characters from other series created by Mauricio de Sousa are also included on Monicas , making crossovers or quotations from each other in several stories , among several other characters . The main setting of the stories is the fictional neighborhood of Limoeiro in SΓ£o Paulo .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": "Most stories focus on the daily lives of the main characters and occasionally on the secondary characters ; the humour usually uses various types of repetitions , allusions , appeals to the nonsense , paranomasias , sarcasm and metalanguage . The stories with Monica and Jimmy Five revolve around the conflict between the two . Jimmy Five is a troublemaker and bully who always tries to scold Monica or steal her stuffed bunny to give knots in its ears ( usually having Smudge or another boy accomplice ) , always having Monica get her revenge by hitting him with her",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": "stuffed bunny , often leaving him bruised and with black eyes . Often Jimmy Five makes plans against her with various traps , sometimes using Franklins inventions or talking Smudge into helping , but he always loses to Monica at the end .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": " Smudges stories usually focus on his penchant for dirt and mess and his fear of water , without ever having taken a bath in life , and constantly being threatened by villains or his friends to take a bath whenever he gets away with a result at the end of the story . The stories with Maggy generally focus on her gluttony , with a superhuman ability to eat more than a normal person without ever getting fat and sometimes stealing food from her friends .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": "Among the villains are Captain Fray , a supervillain with the power to control garbage and dirt , and Lord Raider , a space rabbit whose first appearance was in the movies . A joke often breaks the fourth wall .",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"text": " Other related works which relate to the series are : - Blu - Based on the first character of Monicas Gang , it shows the character Blu , a sentient dog , as acting as a mere actor in a studio of comics .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": "- Chuck Billy n Folks - Focuses on the comic daily life of Chuck Billy , a lazy caipira boy and his friends who live on a farm in Brazils countryside . Hes the one that most often appears in contact with Monicas Gang . As Monicas Gang , he received a spin-off manga-style comic in 2013 called Chico Bento Moço ( Chuck Billy Teen ) .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": " - Bug-a-Booo - Focuses on comedy stories involving monsters of horror films ( ghosts , vampires , werewolfs , Frankenstein and even the death ) in a cemetery . - Tinas Pals - Shows a daily routine of a group of teenagers and their daily lives as they date , go to college , among other issues . In 2014 , it received its own spin-off comic book series . - The Funnies - Focuses on the comic adventures of Bubbly , an astronaut , as he explores space .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": "- Lionels Kingdom - Focuses on the daily lives of a group of anthropomorphic animals of different species in a forest led by a lion king .",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": " - The Cavern Clan - Focuses on Pitheco , a caveman inventor who is living in the midst of pre-history and tries to revolutionize humanity with his inventions . - Horacios World - Focuses on the life of a young philosopher , the dinosaur Horacio , and his friends . - The Tribe - Focuses on an amazonian Indian , Tom-Tom , which lives in a forest constantly threatened by white men ,",
"title": "Related works"
},
{
"text": "Monicas Gang and its related works are released in a number of different books . Firstly , they were published by Editora Abril , from 1970 to 1986 , then Editora Globo , from 1987 to 2006 . From 2007 on , Panini Comics was chosen to keep the publications . So far there are comic books starring many characters , among the best known and sold are the characters of Monica , Jimmy Five , Smudge , Maggy and Chuck Billy , plus almanacs with republication of classic stories with varying characters . In 2015 was released an app",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "for smartphones gathering more than 500 editions of comics franchise for download .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " Television and film adaptations . The characters of Monicas Gang are also the protagonists of which can be considered the first of Brazilian animation series . After being introduced on television as advertising-boys in commercial from the mid-1960s , complete stories began to be produced in 1976 and distributed through film-compilations during the 1980s and 1990s ( initially released in movies and then directly video ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , a series of shorts with the characters debuted in childrens programming Rede Globo ( which would display the regular series episodes only between the years 2010 and 2014 ) . A regular broadcast the series on TV only occurred in 2004 after negotiations with the Cartoon Network that since this year began broadcasting new episodes exclusively on the channel , still remaining on the schedule together of channels Tooncast ( currently transmitted in Cartoon Cartoons block ) and Boomerang .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " In addition to the animations , the characters also starred in two animated feature films who presents bigger stories instead of short compilations ; these are : A Princesa e o RobΓ΄ ( 1983 ) and Uma Aventura no Tempo ( 2007 ) - as well as two TV and video specials in live-action : ( 1979 ) and A RΓ‘dio do Chico Bento ( 1989 ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - As Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1982 ) - As Novas Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 1986 ) - MΓ΄nica e a Sereia do Rio ( 1986 ) - O Bicho-PapΓ£o ( 1987 ) - A Estrelinha MΓ‘gica ( 1988 , direct-to-video ) - Chico Bento , Γia a OnΓ§a ! ( 1990 , direct-to-video ) - O Natal de Todos NΓ³s ( 1992 , direct-to-video ) - Quadro a Quadro ( 1996 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : O MΓ΄nico ( 1997 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": "- Videogibi : O Plano Sangrento ( 1998 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": " - Videogibi : O Estranho Soro do Dr . X ( 1998 , direct-to-video ) - Videogibi : A Ilha Misteriosa ( 1999 , direct-to-video ) - Coleção Grandes Aventuras da Turma da MΓ΄nica ( 2002 , recovery direct-to-video including new episodes ) - ( 2004 ) - Cine Gibi 2 ( 2005 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 3 : Planos InfalΓveis ( 2008 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 4 : Meninos e Meninas ( 2009 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 5 : Luzes , CΓ’mera , Ação ! ( 2010 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": "- Se Liga na Turma da MΓ΄nica - Volume 1 ( 2011 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": " - Se Liga na Turma da Mônica - Volume 2 ( 2012 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 6 - Hora do Banho ( 2013 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 7 - Bagunça Animal ( 2014 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 8 - TÑ Brincando ? ( 2015 , direct-to-video ) - Cine Gibi 9 - Vamos Fazer de Conta ! ( 2016 , direct-to-video )",
"title": "Compilations"
},
{
"text": " Series launched to promote Monica Toy line launched by Tok & Stok , which features an ultra-stylized version of the characters of Monica in traits that refer to Toy Arts and famous franchises like Hello Kitty , Pucca and Gogos Crazy Bones . There are 7 seasons , with 23 mini-episodes each with about 30 seconds long , with 2D animation and exclusive language for web delivery .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "From the episode Hiccups ( released on July 17 , 2013 ) , the series was renamed and had its shortened to just Monica Toy title . On October 7 , 2013 , the series premiered on Cartoon Network in the interprograma format , debuting two episodes a week and airing at various times .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 , in cooperation with Paris Filmes , Globo Filmes and Paramount Pictures , Mauricio de Sousa Produçáes released in Brazilian cinemas the movie Turma da Mônica : Laços , on June 27 , being directed by Daniel Rezende . The movie was based on the best-selling eponymous graphic novel , written and drawn by siblings Victor Cafaggi and Lu Cafaggi . This was the first Monicas Gang live-action movie in which the main characters are played by real-life children , since the previous live-action movies were presented in the form of theater performances using adults in articulated mascots",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "costumes .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": " The plot of the movie revolves around the relationship of the gang . When Jimmy Fives dog , Fluffy , is abruptly abducted , the children must unite and eventually overcome their differences while facing new adventures on the way so they can bring their loyal friend back home .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": "The movie presents Giulia Benite as Monica , Kevin Vechiatto as Jimmy Five , Laura Rauseo as Maggy and Gabriel Moreira as Smudge . It has been overly praised by Brazilian critics , who praises the balance between cartoonish situations with human conflicts . The movie is representing one of the highest Brazilian box office of 2019 and rumors about direct sequels based on the graphic novels Turma da Mônica : Liçáes and Turma da Mônica : Lembranças have been on the loose .",
"title": "Monica Toy"
},
{
"text": " In the 1990s , three Monica video games were released by Tectoy for the Master System and Mega Drive ) , all of them are reworked versions of Wonder Boy games , with translated text and sprites replaced with characters from the comic . In the 1990s , MSP released three CD-ROMs with short stories complemented by minigames : Mônica Dentuça ( 1995 ) , Cebolinha e Floquinho ( 1996 ) and A Roça do Chico Bento ( 1998 ) . Two CDs for creating comic books with both Monica and Chuck Billy were also released .",
"title": "Video games"
},
{
"text": "In September 2010 , Tec Toy announced that they would produce an exclusive game for videogame console Zeebo Turma da MΓ΄nica - Vamos Brincar NΒΊ1 , but the game was canceled months later . The idea was to create a series of eight puzzle games , but due to the end of the island the project was canceled .",
"title": "Video games"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 , the application for iPhones Quero Ser da Turma da MΓ΄nica , a game where it is possible create a digital avatar in the style of the characters , was released . In 2013 a game was released for iOS and Android called Coelhadas da MΓ΄nica ( Bunny-Bashing Monica ) , a puzzle game like Angry Birds . And in 2014 , the game Jogo do CascΓ£o ( The Smudge Game ) was released as a 2D platform running game with multiple stages .",
"title": "Video games"
},
{
"text": "An amusement park themed with Mauricio de Souzas characters , located at the Eldorado Shopping in SΓ£o Paulo . It was opened in January 1993 , and features a number of attractions , like the Carrossel do HorΓ‘cio ( Horacios merry-go-round , a carousel featuring dinosaurs instead of horses ) , the 3-D cinema , and many more . The Parque da MΓ΄nica of Curitiba and of Rio de Janeiro were also created , in 1998 and 2001 , respectively , but both were closed , in 2000 and 2005 , respectively . Until the end of 2006 , it",
"title": "MΓ΄nica Park"
},
{
"text": "had its own comic book , featuring adventures of Monicas gang at the park . When Panini Comics started to publish Mauricios works , this magazine was replaced by Turma da MΓ΄nica .",
"title": "MΓ΄nica Park"
},
{
"text": " The park was removed from Eldorado Shopping Center on early 2010 , when the space occupied by it was asked back by the shopping administrators . Mauricio de Sousa had already announced that the mall had requested the area back on July 2009 . The administration of the Shopping said that the mall was seeking more up-to-date alternatives , which fall under consumers expectations . In March 2015 , it was announced that the park would be reopened at Shopping SP Market .",
"title": "MΓ΄nica Park"
},
{
"text": " In the late 60s a line of dolls with characters Monica , Jimmy Five , Thunder , Horacio and Lucinda was manufactured by Trol Company , this was the first merchandising of the franchise . The character Thunder became mascot of a tomato sauce brand of the food company Cica in the late of 60s . An extensive line of toys and other products with the characters began to be manufactured since the 70s by various toy companies and remain heavily sold to the present in Brazilian stores .",
"title": "Merchandising"
},
{
"text": "During the 80s , the franchise also came to have its own store network . The Lojinha da MΓ΄nica and Trenzinho da MΓ΄nica , had branches in several states of Brazil , selling products related to characters . In 2013 , the franchise was restarted in the form of an e-commerce portal .",
"title": "Merchandising"
},
{
"text": " Monica and Friends and related works have been published in 40 countries in 14 languages , including Spanish , Greek and Japanese .",
"title": "International distribution"
},
{
"text": "In Germany , comics were published between 1975 and 1980 under the name Fratz und Freunde and years later as Monica und Ihre Freunde . In the UK , comics have already been published under the name Frizz and Friends for a short time . In Italy , some comic books and classic episodes of cartoon were distributed on DVDs in the 90s , the cartoon was broadcast on Rai Due channel under the title La Banda di Monica . In Indonesia , the series is published under the title Monika dan kawan kawan , the comics are published there",
"title": "International distribution"
},
{
"text": "since 1997 , along the comic books of the characters Jimmi Lima ( Jimmy Five ) and Ciko Bento ( Chuck Billy N Folks ) . In China the comics were distributed to schools in 2007 , receiving years later adaptation of the cartoon , in 2011 one of the albums was awarded to childrens literature .",
"title": "International distribution"
},
{
"text": " There were plans for distribution in the United States and some Latin American countries , but they never came to fruition ( with the exception of the proper cartoon broadcast dubbed into Spanish in some Latin American countries ) , however translated comics in English and Spanish are sold directly in Brazil . Episodes of the cartoon dubbed in English are available on YouTube .",
"title": "International distribution"
}
] |
/wiki/Kieron_Cadogan#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Kieron Cadogan belong to in Jun 2008?
|
Kieron Cadogan Kieron James Nathan Cadogan ( born 16 August 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Corinthian-Casuals as a right winger or forward . Club career . Crystal Palace . Cadogan came through the Crystal Palace Academy where he caused a stir as an effective right winger as his considerable skill and crossing ability made him a formidable opponent for full backs . He became a regular for the Crystal Palace Reserve side and scored his first hat-trick against Lewes Reserves . In a pre-season friendly on 14 July 2008 away to Aldershot Town , Cadogan was tackled in the final kick of the game , fracturing his ankle and was out injured for 11 weeks . Regardless , he so impressed manager Neil Warnock , that he was offered a professional contract which he signed within days of his 18th birthday . In Cadogans first professional league match for Crystal Palace on 7 April 2009 against Coventry City , when having only been on the pitch 10 minutes , after a through ball from Victor Moses , Cadogan rounded the keeper and scored in the 72nd minute . Cadogan made a further three appearances that season from the bench . He also played for the reserves where he scored a further 17 goals alongside 11 assists . He finished top goal scorer for the Totesport.com Central Division . The following season Cadogan went on a month loan to League 2 side Burton Albion where he made three appearances . In 2010β11 Cadogan , alongside his teammate Wilfried Zaha had a full pre-season with the Crystal Palace first team , going on tour and playing pre-season friendlies stamping their place as a part of the squad . Cadogan had a particularly impressive game against Brentford the week before the championship campaign opened , scoring a goal and showing his quality against league opposition under the eyes of the new manager . Cadogan then went on to start the first game of the season for Crystal Palace making his full debut under George Burley in the 3β2 win against Leicester City , assisting Darren Ambroses goal . On 24 August 2010 , in the second round of the League Cup game away to Portsmouth where Edgar Davids made his Crystal Palace debut , Cadogan came off the bench in the 68th minute . His cross forced Portsmouths Ibrahima Sonko to score an own goal bringing the result to 1β1 forcing the game into extra time and then to penalties . Although Cadogan scored in the penalty shoot out , Crystal Palace went on to lose the game ( 4β3 ) on penalties . On 2 October 2010 , Cadogan scored his second senior goal for Crystal Palace in the 1β2 defeat to Queens Park Rangers , then managed by the man who had given him his professional contract , Neil Warnock . On scoring his goal , Cadogan celebrated with a number of young Crystal Palace players on the pitch at the time by doing The Eagle Skank β a dance some of the younger Crystal Palace players had made up whilst on holiday in Greece earlier that summer . In May 2011 , lifelong Crystal Palace fan Dean Williams used the image of Cadogans celebration in a billboard campaign entitled Born in South London . The billboards , also featuring teammates Sean Scannell and Nathaniel Clyne , advertised the graduates born in South London who had come through the Crystal Palace academy . In the 2011β12 season , after featuring in just two games for Crystal Palace , he was loaned out to League Two side Rotherham United in January to continue his footballing education and gain experience . On his return to his parent club on 10 August 2012 , it was announced that his contract had been cancelled by mutual consent . Cadogan found first team games at Crystal Palace hard to come by as the team were strengthened for a promotion push into the Premier League . Aldershot Town . On 29 September 2012 , Cadogan joined Aldershot Town on a short-term three-month contract . On 15 January 2013 , after making 15 starts for Aldershot Town and assisting eight goals Cadogan was rewarded with an 18-month extended contract . Manager Dean Holdsworth said I am absolutely delighted with this signing . Since joining us Kieron has grown in confidence and really adapted to our style of play . His quality of deliveries has been superb and he will improve because he is hungry to do so . I am delighted he has committed to the club . Cadogan showed his quality in assisting strikers from the wing . In particular during an FA cup game on 5 January 2013 at home to Rotherham . Cadogan got a hat trick of assists , setting up all three goals for Danny Hylton . The 3β1 win took Aldershot into the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time , before eventually going out to Championship side Middlesbrough . At the end of the 2012β13 season , when Aldershot Town were relegated from The Football League , Cadogan was one of thirteen players to be made redundant in the wake of the clubs administration . Cadogan featured 28 times , making 25 starts and the topped the assists chart for Aldershot Town that season . Barnet . On 5 October 2013 , Cadogan joined Barnet . Cadogan left Barnet on 22 April 2014 after making 23 appearances in the league . GAIS . On 11 August 2014 , Cadogan signed a season-long deal with Swedish Superettan club GAIS . Sutton United . On 27 February 2017 , Cadogan signed a deal with National League club Sutton United . He made his first appearance for the club on 4 March , coming on as a 68th-minute substitute for Maxime Biamou in a 0β0 draw at Barrow , Suttons first away clean sheet back in the non-League top flight since a 9β0 away victory against Gateshead on 22 September 1990 . Cadogan made his full debut on 11 March in a 2β2 home draw against York City and on 14 March , Cadogan scored his first goal for Sutton , a 96th minute consolation goal in a 2β1 home loss to Forest Green Rovers . On 25 March , Cadogan netted his first brace for Sutton in a man of the match performance , scoring the final two goals in a 5β1 defeat of North Ferriby United . After scoring three goals in his first six appearances , Cadogan was voted player of the month for March . He finished the season with five goals in 14 appearances . On 19 August , Cadogan scored his first goal of Suttons 2017-18 campaign in a 3β2 away win against Chester . In the January 2019 Transfer Window Cadogan left Sutton after scoring 3 goals that season . In total Cadogan had notched up 18 goals in his Sutton career . Billericay Town . On 1 January 2019 , Cadogan joined National League South side Billericay Town . On 28 March 2019 , Cadogan signed on loan for National League South side Woking for the rest of the season . Wealdstone . Cadogan signed for Wealdstone on 10 January 2020 . Honours . Club . Woking - National League South play-offs : 2018β19
|
[
"Crystal Palace"
] |
[
{
"text": " Kieron James Nathan Cadogan ( born 16 August 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Corinthian-Casuals as a right winger or forward .",
"title": "Kieron Cadogan"
},
{
"text": "Cadogan came through the Crystal Palace Academy where he caused a stir as an effective right winger as his considerable skill and crossing ability made him a formidable opponent for full backs . He became a regular for the Crystal Palace Reserve side and scored his first hat-trick against Lewes Reserves . In a pre-season friendly on 14 July 2008 away to Aldershot Town , Cadogan was tackled in the final kick of the game , fracturing his ankle and was out injured for 11 weeks . Regardless , he so impressed manager Neil Warnock , that he was offered",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "a professional contract which he signed within days of his 18th birthday . In Cadogans first professional league match for Crystal Palace on 7 April 2009 against Coventry City , when having only been on the pitch 10 minutes , after a through ball from Victor Moses , Cadogan rounded the keeper and scored in the 72nd minute . Cadogan made a further three appearances that season from the bench . He also played for the reserves where he scored a further 17 goals alongside 11 assists . He finished top goal scorer for the Totesport.com Central Division .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " The following season Cadogan went on a month loan to League 2 side Burton Albion where he made three appearances .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "In 2010β11 Cadogan , alongside his teammate Wilfried Zaha had a full pre-season with the Crystal Palace first team , going on tour and playing pre-season friendlies stamping their place as a part of the squad . Cadogan had a particularly impressive game against Brentford the week before the championship campaign opened , scoring a goal and showing his quality against league opposition under the eyes of the new manager . Cadogan then went on to start the first game of the season for Crystal Palace making his full debut under George Burley in the 3β2 win against Leicester City",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": ", assisting Darren Ambroses goal . On 24 August 2010 , in the second round of the League Cup game away to Portsmouth where Edgar Davids made his Crystal Palace debut , Cadogan came off the bench in the 68th minute . His cross forced Portsmouths Ibrahima Sonko to score an own goal bringing the result to 1β1 forcing the game into extra time and then to penalties . Although Cadogan scored in the penalty shoot out , Crystal Palace went on to lose the game ( 4β3 ) on penalties .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " On 2 October 2010 , Cadogan scored his second senior goal for Crystal Palace in the 1β2 defeat to Queens Park Rangers , then managed by the man who had given him his professional contract , Neil Warnock . On scoring his goal , Cadogan celebrated with a number of young Crystal Palace players on the pitch at the time by doing The Eagle Skank β a dance some of the younger Crystal Palace players had made up whilst on holiday in Greece earlier that summer .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "In May 2011 , lifelong Crystal Palace fan Dean Williams used the image of Cadogans celebration in a billboard campaign entitled Born in South London . The billboards , also featuring teammates Sean Scannell and Nathaniel Clyne , advertised the graduates born in South London who had come through the Crystal Palace academy .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " In the 2011β12 season , after featuring in just two games for Crystal Palace , he was loaned out to League Two side Rotherham United in January to continue his footballing education and gain experience . On his return to his parent club on 10 August 2012 , it was announced that his contract had been cancelled by mutual consent . Cadogan found first team games at Crystal Palace hard to come by as the team were strengthened for a promotion push into the Premier League .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " On 29 September 2012 , Cadogan joined Aldershot Town on a short-term three-month contract .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": "On 15 January 2013 , after making 15 starts for Aldershot Town and assisting eight goals Cadogan was rewarded with an 18-month extended contract . Manager Dean Holdsworth said I am absolutely delighted with this signing . Since joining us Kieron has grown in confidence and really adapted to our style of play . His quality of deliveries has been superb and he will improve because he is hungry to do so . I am delighted he has committed to the club . Cadogan showed his quality in assisting strikers from the wing . In particular during an FA cup",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": "game on 5 January 2013 at home to Rotherham . Cadogan got a hat trick of assists , setting up all three goals for Danny Hylton . The 3β1 win took Aldershot into the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time , before eventually going out to Championship side Middlesbrough .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": " At the end of the 2012β13 season , when Aldershot Town were relegated from The Football League , Cadogan was one of thirteen players to be made redundant in the wake of the clubs administration . Cadogan featured 28 times , making 25 starts and the topped the assists chart for Aldershot Town that season .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": " On 5 October 2013 , Cadogan joined Barnet . Cadogan left Barnet on 22 April 2014 after making 23 appearances in the league .",
"title": "Barnet"
},
{
"text": " On 11 August 2014 , Cadogan signed a season-long deal with Swedish Superettan club GAIS .",
"title": "GAIS"
},
{
"text": "On 27 February 2017 , Cadogan signed a deal with National League club Sutton United . He made his first appearance for the club on 4 March , coming on as a 68th-minute substitute for Maxime Biamou in a 0β0 draw at Barrow , Suttons first away clean sheet back in the non-League top flight since a 9β0 away victory against Gateshead on 22 September 1990 . Cadogan made his full debut on 11 March in a 2β2 home draw against York City and on 14 March , Cadogan scored his first goal for Sutton , a 96th minute consolation",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": "goal in a 2β1 home loss to Forest Green Rovers . On 25 March , Cadogan netted his first brace for Sutton in a man of the match performance , scoring the final two goals in a 5β1 defeat of North Ferriby United . After scoring three goals in his first six appearances , Cadogan was voted player of the month for March . He finished the season with five goals in 14 appearances .",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August , Cadogan scored his first goal of Suttons 2017-18 campaign in a 3β2 away win against Chester . In the January 2019 Transfer Window Cadogan left Sutton after scoring 3 goals that season . In total Cadogan had notched up 18 goals in his Sutton career .",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": " On 1 January 2019 , Cadogan joined National League South side Billericay Town . On 28 March 2019 , Cadogan signed on loan for National League South side Woking for the rest of the season .",
"title": "Billericay Town"
},
{
"text": " - National League South play-offs : 2018β19",
"title": "Woking"
}
] |
/wiki/Kieron_Cadogan#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Kieron Cadogan belong to in Sep 2012?
|
Kieron Cadogan Kieron James Nathan Cadogan ( born 16 August 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Corinthian-Casuals as a right winger or forward . Club career . Crystal Palace . Cadogan came through the Crystal Palace Academy where he caused a stir as an effective right winger as his considerable skill and crossing ability made him a formidable opponent for full backs . He became a regular for the Crystal Palace Reserve side and scored his first hat-trick against Lewes Reserves . In a pre-season friendly on 14 July 2008 away to Aldershot Town , Cadogan was tackled in the final kick of the game , fracturing his ankle and was out injured for 11 weeks . Regardless , he so impressed manager Neil Warnock , that he was offered a professional contract which he signed within days of his 18th birthday . In Cadogans first professional league match for Crystal Palace on 7 April 2009 against Coventry City , when having only been on the pitch 10 minutes , after a through ball from Victor Moses , Cadogan rounded the keeper and scored in the 72nd minute . Cadogan made a further three appearances that season from the bench . He also played for the reserves where he scored a further 17 goals alongside 11 assists . He finished top goal scorer for the Totesport.com Central Division . The following season Cadogan went on a month loan to League 2 side Burton Albion where he made three appearances . In 2010β11 Cadogan , alongside his teammate Wilfried Zaha had a full pre-season with the Crystal Palace first team , going on tour and playing pre-season friendlies stamping their place as a part of the squad . Cadogan had a particularly impressive game against Brentford the week before the championship campaign opened , scoring a goal and showing his quality against league opposition under the eyes of the new manager . Cadogan then went on to start the first game of the season for Crystal Palace making his full debut under George Burley in the 3β2 win against Leicester City , assisting Darren Ambroses goal . On 24 August 2010 , in the second round of the League Cup game away to Portsmouth where Edgar Davids made his Crystal Palace debut , Cadogan came off the bench in the 68th minute . His cross forced Portsmouths Ibrahima Sonko to score an own goal bringing the result to 1β1 forcing the game into extra time and then to penalties . Although Cadogan scored in the penalty shoot out , Crystal Palace went on to lose the game ( 4β3 ) on penalties . On 2 October 2010 , Cadogan scored his second senior goal for Crystal Palace in the 1β2 defeat to Queens Park Rangers , then managed by the man who had given him his professional contract , Neil Warnock . On scoring his goal , Cadogan celebrated with a number of young Crystal Palace players on the pitch at the time by doing The Eagle Skank β a dance some of the younger Crystal Palace players had made up whilst on holiday in Greece earlier that summer . In May 2011 , lifelong Crystal Palace fan Dean Williams used the image of Cadogans celebration in a billboard campaign entitled Born in South London . The billboards , also featuring teammates Sean Scannell and Nathaniel Clyne , advertised the graduates born in South London who had come through the Crystal Palace academy . In the 2011β12 season , after featuring in just two games for Crystal Palace , he was loaned out to League Two side Rotherham United in January to continue his footballing education and gain experience . On his return to his parent club on 10 August 2012 , it was announced that his contract had been cancelled by mutual consent . Cadogan found first team games at Crystal Palace hard to come by as the team were strengthened for a promotion push into the Premier League . Aldershot Town . On 29 September 2012 , Cadogan joined Aldershot Town on a short-term three-month contract . On 15 January 2013 , after making 15 starts for Aldershot Town and assisting eight goals Cadogan was rewarded with an 18-month extended contract . Manager Dean Holdsworth said I am absolutely delighted with this signing . Since joining us Kieron has grown in confidence and really adapted to our style of play . His quality of deliveries has been superb and he will improve because he is hungry to do so . I am delighted he has committed to the club . Cadogan showed his quality in assisting strikers from the wing . In particular during an FA cup game on 5 January 2013 at home to Rotherham . Cadogan got a hat trick of assists , setting up all three goals for Danny Hylton . The 3β1 win took Aldershot into the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time , before eventually going out to Championship side Middlesbrough . At the end of the 2012β13 season , when Aldershot Town were relegated from The Football League , Cadogan was one of thirteen players to be made redundant in the wake of the clubs administration . Cadogan featured 28 times , making 25 starts and the topped the assists chart for Aldershot Town that season . Barnet . On 5 October 2013 , Cadogan joined Barnet . Cadogan left Barnet on 22 April 2014 after making 23 appearances in the league . GAIS . On 11 August 2014 , Cadogan signed a season-long deal with Swedish Superettan club GAIS . Sutton United . On 27 February 2017 , Cadogan signed a deal with National League club Sutton United . He made his first appearance for the club on 4 March , coming on as a 68th-minute substitute for Maxime Biamou in a 0β0 draw at Barrow , Suttons first away clean sheet back in the non-League top flight since a 9β0 away victory against Gateshead on 22 September 1990 . Cadogan made his full debut on 11 March in a 2β2 home draw against York City and on 14 March , Cadogan scored his first goal for Sutton , a 96th minute consolation goal in a 2β1 home loss to Forest Green Rovers . On 25 March , Cadogan netted his first brace for Sutton in a man of the match performance , scoring the final two goals in a 5β1 defeat of North Ferriby United . After scoring three goals in his first six appearances , Cadogan was voted player of the month for March . He finished the season with five goals in 14 appearances . On 19 August , Cadogan scored his first goal of Suttons 2017-18 campaign in a 3β2 away win against Chester . In the January 2019 Transfer Window Cadogan left Sutton after scoring 3 goals that season . In total Cadogan had notched up 18 goals in his Sutton career . Billericay Town . On 1 January 2019 , Cadogan joined National League South side Billericay Town . On 28 March 2019 , Cadogan signed on loan for National League South side Woking for the rest of the season . Wealdstone . Cadogan signed for Wealdstone on 10 January 2020 . Honours . Club . Woking - National League South play-offs : 2018β19
|
[
"Aldershot Town"
] |
[
{
"text": " Kieron James Nathan Cadogan ( born 16 August 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Corinthian-Casuals as a right winger or forward .",
"title": "Kieron Cadogan"
},
{
"text": "Cadogan came through the Crystal Palace Academy where he caused a stir as an effective right winger as his considerable skill and crossing ability made him a formidable opponent for full backs . He became a regular for the Crystal Palace Reserve side and scored his first hat-trick against Lewes Reserves . In a pre-season friendly on 14 July 2008 away to Aldershot Town , Cadogan was tackled in the final kick of the game , fracturing his ankle and was out injured for 11 weeks . Regardless , he so impressed manager Neil Warnock , that he was offered",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "a professional contract which he signed within days of his 18th birthday . In Cadogans first professional league match for Crystal Palace on 7 April 2009 against Coventry City , when having only been on the pitch 10 minutes , after a through ball from Victor Moses , Cadogan rounded the keeper and scored in the 72nd minute . Cadogan made a further three appearances that season from the bench . He also played for the reserves where he scored a further 17 goals alongside 11 assists . He finished top goal scorer for the Totesport.com Central Division .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " The following season Cadogan went on a month loan to League 2 side Burton Albion where he made three appearances .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "In 2010β11 Cadogan , alongside his teammate Wilfried Zaha had a full pre-season with the Crystal Palace first team , going on tour and playing pre-season friendlies stamping their place as a part of the squad . Cadogan had a particularly impressive game against Brentford the week before the championship campaign opened , scoring a goal and showing his quality against league opposition under the eyes of the new manager . Cadogan then went on to start the first game of the season for Crystal Palace making his full debut under George Burley in the 3β2 win against Leicester City",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": ", assisting Darren Ambroses goal . On 24 August 2010 , in the second round of the League Cup game away to Portsmouth where Edgar Davids made his Crystal Palace debut , Cadogan came off the bench in the 68th minute . His cross forced Portsmouths Ibrahima Sonko to score an own goal bringing the result to 1β1 forcing the game into extra time and then to penalties . Although Cadogan scored in the penalty shoot out , Crystal Palace went on to lose the game ( 4β3 ) on penalties .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " On 2 October 2010 , Cadogan scored his second senior goal for Crystal Palace in the 1β2 defeat to Queens Park Rangers , then managed by the man who had given him his professional contract , Neil Warnock . On scoring his goal , Cadogan celebrated with a number of young Crystal Palace players on the pitch at the time by doing The Eagle Skank β a dance some of the younger Crystal Palace players had made up whilst on holiday in Greece earlier that summer .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "In May 2011 , lifelong Crystal Palace fan Dean Williams used the image of Cadogans celebration in a billboard campaign entitled Born in South London . The billboards , also featuring teammates Sean Scannell and Nathaniel Clyne , advertised the graduates born in South London who had come through the Crystal Palace academy .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " In the 2011β12 season , after featuring in just two games for Crystal Palace , he was loaned out to League Two side Rotherham United in January to continue his footballing education and gain experience . On his return to his parent club on 10 August 2012 , it was announced that his contract had been cancelled by mutual consent . Cadogan found first team games at Crystal Palace hard to come by as the team were strengthened for a promotion push into the Premier League .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " On 29 September 2012 , Cadogan joined Aldershot Town on a short-term three-month contract .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": "On 15 January 2013 , after making 15 starts for Aldershot Town and assisting eight goals Cadogan was rewarded with an 18-month extended contract . Manager Dean Holdsworth said I am absolutely delighted with this signing . Since joining us Kieron has grown in confidence and really adapted to our style of play . His quality of deliveries has been superb and he will improve because he is hungry to do so . I am delighted he has committed to the club . Cadogan showed his quality in assisting strikers from the wing . In particular during an FA cup",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": "game on 5 January 2013 at home to Rotherham . Cadogan got a hat trick of assists , setting up all three goals for Danny Hylton . The 3β1 win took Aldershot into the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time , before eventually going out to Championship side Middlesbrough .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": " At the end of the 2012β13 season , when Aldershot Town were relegated from The Football League , Cadogan was one of thirteen players to be made redundant in the wake of the clubs administration . Cadogan featured 28 times , making 25 starts and the topped the assists chart for Aldershot Town that season .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": " On 5 October 2013 , Cadogan joined Barnet . Cadogan left Barnet on 22 April 2014 after making 23 appearances in the league .",
"title": "Barnet"
},
{
"text": " On 11 August 2014 , Cadogan signed a season-long deal with Swedish Superettan club GAIS .",
"title": "GAIS"
},
{
"text": "On 27 February 2017 , Cadogan signed a deal with National League club Sutton United . He made his first appearance for the club on 4 March , coming on as a 68th-minute substitute for Maxime Biamou in a 0β0 draw at Barrow , Suttons first away clean sheet back in the non-League top flight since a 9β0 away victory against Gateshead on 22 September 1990 . Cadogan made his full debut on 11 March in a 2β2 home draw against York City and on 14 March , Cadogan scored his first goal for Sutton , a 96th minute consolation",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": "goal in a 2β1 home loss to Forest Green Rovers . On 25 March , Cadogan netted his first brace for Sutton in a man of the match performance , scoring the final two goals in a 5β1 defeat of North Ferriby United . After scoring three goals in his first six appearances , Cadogan was voted player of the month for March . He finished the season with five goals in 14 appearances .",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August , Cadogan scored his first goal of Suttons 2017-18 campaign in a 3β2 away win against Chester . In the January 2019 Transfer Window Cadogan left Sutton after scoring 3 goals that season . In total Cadogan had notched up 18 goals in his Sutton career .",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": " On 1 January 2019 , Cadogan joined National League South side Billericay Town . On 28 March 2019 , Cadogan signed on loan for National League South side Woking for the rest of the season .",
"title": "Billericay Town"
},
{
"text": " - National League South play-offs : 2018β19",
"title": "Woking"
}
] |
/wiki/Kieron_Cadogan#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Kieron Cadogan belong to between Sep 2013 and Oct 2013?
|
Kieron Cadogan Kieron James Nathan Cadogan ( born 16 August 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Corinthian-Casuals as a right winger or forward . Club career . Crystal Palace . Cadogan came through the Crystal Palace Academy where he caused a stir as an effective right winger as his considerable skill and crossing ability made him a formidable opponent for full backs . He became a regular for the Crystal Palace Reserve side and scored his first hat-trick against Lewes Reserves . In a pre-season friendly on 14 July 2008 away to Aldershot Town , Cadogan was tackled in the final kick of the game , fracturing his ankle and was out injured for 11 weeks . Regardless , he so impressed manager Neil Warnock , that he was offered a professional contract which he signed within days of his 18th birthday . In Cadogans first professional league match for Crystal Palace on 7 April 2009 against Coventry City , when having only been on the pitch 10 minutes , after a through ball from Victor Moses , Cadogan rounded the keeper and scored in the 72nd minute . Cadogan made a further three appearances that season from the bench . He also played for the reserves where he scored a further 17 goals alongside 11 assists . He finished top goal scorer for the Totesport.com Central Division . The following season Cadogan went on a month loan to League 2 side Burton Albion where he made three appearances . In 2010β11 Cadogan , alongside his teammate Wilfried Zaha had a full pre-season with the Crystal Palace first team , going on tour and playing pre-season friendlies stamping their place as a part of the squad . Cadogan had a particularly impressive game against Brentford the week before the championship campaign opened , scoring a goal and showing his quality against league opposition under the eyes of the new manager . Cadogan then went on to start the first game of the season for Crystal Palace making his full debut under George Burley in the 3β2 win against Leicester City , assisting Darren Ambroses goal . On 24 August 2010 , in the second round of the League Cup game away to Portsmouth where Edgar Davids made his Crystal Palace debut , Cadogan came off the bench in the 68th minute . His cross forced Portsmouths Ibrahima Sonko to score an own goal bringing the result to 1β1 forcing the game into extra time and then to penalties . Although Cadogan scored in the penalty shoot out , Crystal Palace went on to lose the game ( 4β3 ) on penalties . On 2 October 2010 , Cadogan scored his second senior goal for Crystal Palace in the 1β2 defeat to Queens Park Rangers , then managed by the man who had given him his professional contract , Neil Warnock . On scoring his goal , Cadogan celebrated with a number of young Crystal Palace players on the pitch at the time by doing The Eagle Skank β a dance some of the younger Crystal Palace players had made up whilst on holiday in Greece earlier that summer . In May 2011 , lifelong Crystal Palace fan Dean Williams used the image of Cadogans celebration in a billboard campaign entitled Born in South London . The billboards , also featuring teammates Sean Scannell and Nathaniel Clyne , advertised the graduates born in South London who had come through the Crystal Palace academy . In the 2011β12 season , after featuring in just two games for Crystal Palace , he was loaned out to League Two side Rotherham United in January to continue his footballing education and gain experience . On his return to his parent club on 10 August 2012 , it was announced that his contract had been cancelled by mutual consent . Cadogan found first team games at Crystal Palace hard to come by as the team were strengthened for a promotion push into the Premier League . Aldershot Town . On 29 September 2012 , Cadogan joined Aldershot Town on a short-term three-month contract . On 15 January 2013 , after making 15 starts for Aldershot Town and assisting eight goals Cadogan was rewarded with an 18-month extended contract . Manager Dean Holdsworth said I am absolutely delighted with this signing . Since joining us Kieron has grown in confidence and really adapted to our style of play . His quality of deliveries has been superb and he will improve because he is hungry to do so . I am delighted he has committed to the club . Cadogan showed his quality in assisting strikers from the wing . In particular during an FA cup game on 5 January 2013 at home to Rotherham . Cadogan got a hat trick of assists , setting up all three goals for Danny Hylton . The 3β1 win took Aldershot into the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time , before eventually going out to Championship side Middlesbrough . At the end of the 2012β13 season , when Aldershot Town were relegated from The Football League , Cadogan was one of thirteen players to be made redundant in the wake of the clubs administration . Cadogan featured 28 times , making 25 starts and the topped the assists chart for Aldershot Town that season . Barnet . On 5 October 2013 , Cadogan joined Barnet . Cadogan left Barnet on 22 April 2014 after making 23 appearances in the league . GAIS . On 11 August 2014 , Cadogan signed a season-long deal with Swedish Superettan club GAIS . Sutton United . On 27 February 2017 , Cadogan signed a deal with National League club Sutton United . He made his first appearance for the club on 4 March , coming on as a 68th-minute substitute for Maxime Biamou in a 0β0 draw at Barrow , Suttons first away clean sheet back in the non-League top flight since a 9β0 away victory against Gateshead on 22 September 1990 . Cadogan made his full debut on 11 March in a 2β2 home draw against York City and on 14 March , Cadogan scored his first goal for Sutton , a 96th minute consolation goal in a 2β1 home loss to Forest Green Rovers . On 25 March , Cadogan netted his first brace for Sutton in a man of the match performance , scoring the final two goals in a 5β1 defeat of North Ferriby United . After scoring three goals in his first six appearances , Cadogan was voted player of the month for March . He finished the season with five goals in 14 appearances . On 19 August , Cadogan scored his first goal of Suttons 2017-18 campaign in a 3β2 away win against Chester . In the January 2019 Transfer Window Cadogan left Sutton after scoring 3 goals that season . In total Cadogan had notched up 18 goals in his Sutton career . Billericay Town . On 1 January 2019 , Cadogan joined National League South side Billericay Town . On 28 March 2019 , Cadogan signed on loan for National League South side Woking for the rest of the season . Wealdstone . Cadogan signed for Wealdstone on 10 January 2020 . Honours . Club . Woking - National League South play-offs : 2018β19
|
[
"Barnet"
] |
[
{
"text": " Kieron James Nathan Cadogan ( born 16 August 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Corinthian-Casuals as a right winger or forward .",
"title": "Kieron Cadogan"
},
{
"text": "Cadogan came through the Crystal Palace Academy where he caused a stir as an effective right winger as his considerable skill and crossing ability made him a formidable opponent for full backs . He became a regular for the Crystal Palace Reserve side and scored his first hat-trick against Lewes Reserves . In a pre-season friendly on 14 July 2008 away to Aldershot Town , Cadogan was tackled in the final kick of the game , fracturing his ankle and was out injured for 11 weeks . Regardless , he so impressed manager Neil Warnock , that he was offered",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "a professional contract which he signed within days of his 18th birthday . In Cadogans first professional league match for Crystal Palace on 7 April 2009 against Coventry City , when having only been on the pitch 10 minutes , after a through ball from Victor Moses , Cadogan rounded the keeper and scored in the 72nd minute . Cadogan made a further three appearances that season from the bench . He also played for the reserves where he scored a further 17 goals alongside 11 assists . He finished top goal scorer for the Totesport.com Central Division .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " The following season Cadogan went on a month loan to League 2 side Burton Albion where he made three appearances .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "In 2010β11 Cadogan , alongside his teammate Wilfried Zaha had a full pre-season with the Crystal Palace first team , going on tour and playing pre-season friendlies stamping their place as a part of the squad . Cadogan had a particularly impressive game against Brentford the week before the championship campaign opened , scoring a goal and showing his quality against league opposition under the eyes of the new manager . Cadogan then went on to start the first game of the season for Crystal Palace making his full debut under George Burley in the 3β2 win against Leicester City",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": ", assisting Darren Ambroses goal . On 24 August 2010 , in the second round of the League Cup game away to Portsmouth where Edgar Davids made his Crystal Palace debut , Cadogan came off the bench in the 68th minute . His cross forced Portsmouths Ibrahima Sonko to score an own goal bringing the result to 1β1 forcing the game into extra time and then to penalties . Although Cadogan scored in the penalty shoot out , Crystal Palace went on to lose the game ( 4β3 ) on penalties .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " On 2 October 2010 , Cadogan scored his second senior goal for Crystal Palace in the 1β2 defeat to Queens Park Rangers , then managed by the man who had given him his professional contract , Neil Warnock . On scoring his goal , Cadogan celebrated with a number of young Crystal Palace players on the pitch at the time by doing The Eagle Skank β a dance some of the younger Crystal Palace players had made up whilst on holiday in Greece earlier that summer .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "In May 2011 , lifelong Crystal Palace fan Dean Williams used the image of Cadogans celebration in a billboard campaign entitled Born in South London . The billboards , also featuring teammates Sean Scannell and Nathaniel Clyne , advertised the graduates born in South London who had come through the Crystal Palace academy .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " In the 2011β12 season , after featuring in just two games for Crystal Palace , he was loaned out to League Two side Rotherham United in January to continue his footballing education and gain experience . On his return to his parent club on 10 August 2012 , it was announced that his contract had been cancelled by mutual consent . Cadogan found first team games at Crystal Palace hard to come by as the team were strengthened for a promotion push into the Premier League .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " On 29 September 2012 , Cadogan joined Aldershot Town on a short-term three-month contract .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": "On 15 January 2013 , after making 15 starts for Aldershot Town and assisting eight goals Cadogan was rewarded with an 18-month extended contract . Manager Dean Holdsworth said I am absolutely delighted with this signing . Since joining us Kieron has grown in confidence and really adapted to our style of play . His quality of deliveries has been superb and he will improve because he is hungry to do so . I am delighted he has committed to the club . Cadogan showed his quality in assisting strikers from the wing . In particular during an FA cup",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": "game on 5 January 2013 at home to Rotherham . Cadogan got a hat trick of assists , setting up all three goals for Danny Hylton . The 3β1 win took Aldershot into the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time , before eventually going out to Championship side Middlesbrough .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": " At the end of the 2012β13 season , when Aldershot Town were relegated from The Football League , Cadogan was one of thirteen players to be made redundant in the wake of the clubs administration . Cadogan featured 28 times , making 25 starts and the topped the assists chart for Aldershot Town that season .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": " On 5 October 2013 , Cadogan joined Barnet . Cadogan left Barnet on 22 April 2014 after making 23 appearances in the league .",
"title": "Barnet"
},
{
"text": " On 11 August 2014 , Cadogan signed a season-long deal with Swedish Superettan club GAIS .",
"title": "GAIS"
},
{
"text": "On 27 February 2017 , Cadogan signed a deal with National League club Sutton United . He made his first appearance for the club on 4 March , coming on as a 68th-minute substitute for Maxime Biamou in a 0β0 draw at Barrow , Suttons first away clean sheet back in the non-League top flight since a 9β0 away victory against Gateshead on 22 September 1990 . Cadogan made his full debut on 11 March in a 2β2 home draw against York City and on 14 March , Cadogan scored his first goal for Sutton , a 96th minute consolation",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": "goal in a 2β1 home loss to Forest Green Rovers . On 25 March , Cadogan netted his first brace for Sutton in a man of the match performance , scoring the final two goals in a 5β1 defeat of North Ferriby United . After scoring three goals in his first six appearances , Cadogan was voted player of the month for March . He finished the season with five goals in 14 appearances .",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August , Cadogan scored his first goal of Suttons 2017-18 campaign in a 3β2 away win against Chester . In the January 2019 Transfer Window Cadogan left Sutton after scoring 3 goals that season . In total Cadogan had notched up 18 goals in his Sutton career .",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": " On 1 January 2019 , Cadogan joined National League South side Billericay Town . On 28 March 2019 , Cadogan signed on loan for National League South side Woking for the rest of the season .",
"title": "Billericay Town"
},
{
"text": " - National League South play-offs : 2018β19",
"title": "Woking"
}
] |
/wiki/Kieron_Cadogan#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Kieron Cadogan belong to in Sep 2014?
|
Kieron Cadogan Kieron James Nathan Cadogan ( born 16 August 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Corinthian-Casuals as a right winger or forward . Club career . Crystal Palace . Cadogan came through the Crystal Palace Academy where he caused a stir as an effective right winger as his considerable skill and crossing ability made him a formidable opponent for full backs . He became a regular for the Crystal Palace Reserve side and scored his first hat-trick against Lewes Reserves . In a pre-season friendly on 14 July 2008 away to Aldershot Town , Cadogan was tackled in the final kick of the game , fracturing his ankle and was out injured for 11 weeks . Regardless , he so impressed manager Neil Warnock , that he was offered a professional contract which he signed within days of his 18th birthday . In Cadogans first professional league match for Crystal Palace on 7 April 2009 against Coventry City , when having only been on the pitch 10 minutes , after a through ball from Victor Moses , Cadogan rounded the keeper and scored in the 72nd minute . Cadogan made a further three appearances that season from the bench . He also played for the reserves where he scored a further 17 goals alongside 11 assists . He finished top goal scorer for the Totesport.com Central Division . The following season Cadogan went on a month loan to League 2 side Burton Albion where he made three appearances . In 2010β11 Cadogan , alongside his teammate Wilfried Zaha had a full pre-season with the Crystal Palace first team , going on tour and playing pre-season friendlies stamping their place as a part of the squad . Cadogan had a particularly impressive game against Brentford the week before the championship campaign opened , scoring a goal and showing his quality against league opposition under the eyes of the new manager . Cadogan then went on to start the first game of the season for Crystal Palace making his full debut under George Burley in the 3β2 win against Leicester City , assisting Darren Ambroses goal . On 24 August 2010 , in the second round of the League Cup game away to Portsmouth where Edgar Davids made his Crystal Palace debut , Cadogan came off the bench in the 68th minute . His cross forced Portsmouths Ibrahima Sonko to score an own goal bringing the result to 1β1 forcing the game into extra time and then to penalties . Although Cadogan scored in the penalty shoot out , Crystal Palace went on to lose the game ( 4β3 ) on penalties . On 2 October 2010 , Cadogan scored his second senior goal for Crystal Palace in the 1β2 defeat to Queens Park Rangers , then managed by the man who had given him his professional contract , Neil Warnock . On scoring his goal , Cadogan celebrated with a number of young Crystal Palace players on the pitch at the time by doing The Eagle Skank β a dance some of the younger Crystal Palace players had made up whilst on holiday in Greece earlier that summer . In May 2011 , lifelong Crystal Palace fan Dean Williams used the image of Cadogans celebration in a billboard campaign entitled Born in South London . The billboards , also featuring teammates Sean Scannell and Nathaniel Clyne , advertised the graduates born in South London who had come through the Crystal Palace academy . In the 2011β12 season , after featuring in just two games for Crystal Palace , he was loaned out to League Two side Rotherham United in January to continue his footballing education and gain experience . On his return to his parent club on 10 August 2012 , it was announced that his contract had been cancelled by mutual consent . Cadogan found first team games at Crystal Palace hard to come by as the team were strengthened for a promotion push into the Premier League . Aldershot Town . On 29 September 2012 , Cadogan joined Aldershot Town on a short-term three-month contract . On 15 January 2013 , after making 15 starts for Aldershot Town and assisting eight goals Cadogan was rewarded with an 18-month extended contract . Manager Dean Holdsworth said I am absolutely delighted with this signing . Since joining us Kieron has grown in confidence and really adapted to our style of play . His quality of deliveries has been superb and he will improve because he is hungry to do so . I am delighted he has committed to the club . Cadogan showed his quality in assisting strikers from the wing . In particular during an FA cup game on 5 January 2013 at home to Rotherham . Cadogan got a hat trick of assists , setting up all three goals for Danny Hylton . The 3β1 win took Aldershot into the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time , before eventually going out to Championship side Middlesbrough . At the end of the 2012β13 season , when Aldershot Town were relegated from The Football League , Cadogan was one of thirteen players to be made redundant in the wake of the clubs administration . Cadogan featured 28 times , making 25 starts and the topped the assists chart for Aldershot Town that season . Barnet . On 5 October 2013 , Cadogan joined Barnet . Cadogan left Barnet on 22 April 2014 after making 23 appearances in the league . GAIS . On 11 August 2014 , Cadogan signed a season-long deal with Swedish Superettan club GAIS . Sutton United . On 27 February 2017 , Cadogan signed a deal with National League club Sutton United . He made his first appearance for the club on 4 March , coming on as a 68th-minute substitute for Maxime Biamou in a 0β0 draw at Barrow , Suttons first away clean sheet back in the non-League top flight since a 9β0 away victory against Gateshead on 22 September 1990 . Cadogan made his full debut on 11 March in a 2β2 home draw against York City and on 14 March , Cadogan scored his first goal for Sutton , a 96th minute consolation goal in a 2β1 home loss to Forest Green Rovers . On 25 March , Cadogan netted his first brace for Sutton in a man of the match performance , scoring the final two goals in a 5β1 defeat of North Ferriby United . After scoring three goals in his first six appearances , Cadogan was voted player of the month for March . He finished the season with five goals in 14 appearances . On 19 August , Cadogan scored his first goal of Suttons 2017-18 campaign in a 3β2 away win against Chester . In the January 2019 Transfer Window Cadogan left Sutton after scoring 3 goals that season . In total Cadogan had notched up 18 goals in his Sutton career . Billericay Town . On 1 January 2019 , Cadogan joined National League South side Billericay Town . On 28 March 2019 , Cadogan signed on loan for National League South side Woking for the rest of the season . Wealdstone . Cadogan signed for Wealdstone on 10 January 2020 . Honours . Club . Woking - National League South play-offs : 2018β19
|
[
"GAIS"
] |
[
{
"text": " Kieron James Nathan Cadogan ( born 16 August 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Corinthian-Casuals as a right winger or forward .",
"title": "Kieron Cadogan"
},
{
"text": "Cadogan came through the Crystal Palace Academy where he caused a stir as an effective right winger as his considerable skill and crossing ability made him a formidable opponent for full backs . He became a regular for the Crystal Palace Reserve side and scored his first hat-trick against Lewes Reserves . In a pre-season friendly on 14 July 2008 away to Aldershot Town , Cadogan was tackled in the final kick of the game , fracturing his ankle and was out injured for 11 weeks . Regardless , he so impressed manager Neil Warnock , that he was offered",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "a professional contract which he signed within days of his 18th birthday . In Cadogans first professional league match for Crystal Palace on 7 April 2009 against Coventry City , when having only been on the pitch 10 minutes , after a through ball from Victor Moses , Cadogan rounded the keeper and scored in the 72nd minute . Cadogan made a further three appearances that season from the bench . He also played for the reserves where he scored a further 17 goals alongside 11 assists . He finished top goal scorer for the Totesport.com Central Division .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " The following season Cadogan went on a month loan to League 2 side Burton Albion where he made three appearances .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "In 2010β11 Cadogan , alongside his teammate Wilfried Zaha had a full pre-season with the Crystal Palace first team , going on tour and playing pre-season friendlies stamping their place as a part of the squad . Cadogan had a particularly impressive game against Brentford the week before the championship campaign opened , scoring a goal and showing his quality against league opposition under the eyes of the new manager . Cadogan then went on to start the first game of the season for Crystal Palace making his full debut under George Burley in the 3β2 win against Leicester City",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": ", assisting Darren Ambroses goal . On 24 August 2010 , in the second round of the League Cup game away to Portsmouth where Edgar Davids made his Crystal Palace debut , Cadogan came off the bench in the 68th minute . His cross forced Portsmouths Ibrahima Sonko to score an own goal bringing the result to 1β1 forcing the game into extra time and then to penalties . Although Cadogan scored in the penalty shoot out , Crystal Palace went on to lose the game ( 4β3 ) on penalties .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " On 2 October 2010 , Cadogan scored his second senior goal for Crystal Palace in the 1β2 defeat to Queens Park Rangers , then managed by the man who had given him his professional contract , Neil Warnock . On scoring his goal , Cadogan celebrated with a number of young Crystal Palace players on the pitch at the time by doing The Eagle Skank β a dance some of the younger Crystal Palace players had made up whilst on holiday in Greece earlier that summer .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": "In May 2011 , lifelong Crystal Palace fan Dean Williams used the image of Cadogans celebration in a billboard campaign entitled Born in South London . The billboards , also featuring teammates Sean Scannell and Nathaniel Clyne , advertised the graduates born in South London who had come through the Crystal Palace academy .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " In the 2011β12 season , after featuring in just two games for Crystal Palace , he was loaned out to League Two side Rotherham United in January to continue his footballing education and gain experience . On his return to his parent club on 10 August 2012 , it was announced that his contract had been cancelled by mutual consent . Cadogan found first team games at Crystal Palace hard to come by as the team were strengthened for a promotion push into the Premier League .",
"title": "Crystal Palace"
},
{
"text": " On 29 September 2012 , Cadogan joined Aldershot Town on a short-term three-month contract .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": "On 15 January 2013 , after making 15 starts for Aldershot Town and assisting eight goals Cadogan was rewarded with an 18-month extended contract . Manager Dean Holdsworth said I am absolutely delighted with this signing . Since joining us Kieron has grown in confidence and really adapted to our style of play . His quality of deliveries has been superb and he will improve because he is hungry to do so . I am delighted he has committed to the club . Cadogan showed his quality in assisting strikers from the wing . In particular during an FA cup",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": "game on 5 January 2013 at home to Rotherham . Cadogan got a hat trick of assists , setting up all three goals for Danny Hylton . The 3β1 win took Aldershot into the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time , before eventually going out to Championship side Middlesbrough .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": " At the end of the 2012β13 season , when Aldershot Town were relegated from The Football League , Cadogan was one of thirteen players to be made redundant in the wake of the clubs administration . Cadogan featured 28 times , making 25 starts and the topped the assists chart for Aldershot Town that season .",
"title": "Aldershot Town"
},
{
"text": " On 5 October 2013 , Cadogan joined Barnet . Cadogan left Barnet on 22 April 2014 after making 23 appearances in the league .",
"title": "Barnet"
},
{
"text": " On 11 August 2014 , Cadogan signed a season-long deal with Swedish Superettan club GAIS .",
"title": "GAIS"
},
{
"text": "On 27 February 2017 , Cadogan signed a deal with National League club Sutton United . He made his first appearance for the club on 4 March , coming on as a 68th-minute substitute for Maxime Biamou in a 0β0 draw at Barrow , Suttons first away clean sheet back in the non-League top flight since a 9β0 away victory against Gateshead on 22 September 1990 . Cadogan made his full debut on 11 March in a 2β2 home draw against York City and on 14 March , Cadogan scored his first goal for Sutton , a 96th minute consolation",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": "goal in a 2β1 home loss to Forest Green Rovers . On 25 March , Cadogan netted his first brace for Sutton in a man of the match performance , scoring the final two goals in a 5β1 defeat of North Ferriby United . After scoring three goals in his first six appearances , Cadogan was voted player of the month for March . He finished the season with five goals in 14 appearances .",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August , Cadogan scored his first goal of Suttons 2017-18 campaign in a 3β2 away win against Chester . In the January 2019 Transfer Window Cadogan left Sutton after scoring 3 goals that season . In total Cadogan had notched up 18 goals in his Sutton career .",
"title": "Sutton United"
},
{
"text": " On 1 January 2019 , Cadogan joined National League South side Billericay Town . On 28 March 2019 , Cadogan signed on loan for National League South side Woking for the rest of the season .",
"title": "Billericay Town"
},
{
"text": " - National League South play-offs : 2018β19",
"title": "Woking"
}
] |
/wiki/Jacques_Callot#P937#0
|
What was the working location for Jacques Callot between Sep 1608 and Nov 1610?
|
Jacques Callot Jacques Callot ( ; β 1635 ) was a baroque printmaker and draftsman from the Duchy of Lorraine ( an independent state on the north-eastern border of France , southwestern border of Germany and overlapping the southern Netherlands ) . He is an important person in the development of the old master print . He made more than 1,400 etchings that chronicled the life of his period , featuring soldiers , clowns , drunkards , Gypsies , beggars , as well as court life . He also etched many religious and military images , and many prints featured extensive landscapes in their background . Life and training . Callot was born and died in Nancy , the capital of Lorraine , now in France . He came from an important family ( his father was master of ceremonies at the court of the Duke ) , and he often describes himself as having noble status in the inscriptions to his prints . At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a goldsmith , but soon afterward travelled to Rome where he learned engraving from an expatriate Frenchman , . He probably then studied etching with Antonio Tempesta in Florence , where he lived from 1612 to 1621 . More than 2,000 preparatory drawings and studies for prints survive , but no paintings by him are known , and he probably never trained as a painter . During his period in Florence he became an independent master , and worked often for the Medici court . After the death of Cosimo II de Medici during 1621 , he returned to Nancy where he lived for the rest of his life , visiting Paris and the Netherlands later during the decade . He was commissioned by the courts of Lorraine , France and Spain , and by publishers , mostly in Paris . Although he remained in Nancy , his prints were distributed widely through Europe ; Rembrandt was a keen collector of them . Technical innovations : Γ©choppe , new hard ground , stopping-out . His technique was exceptional , and was helped by important technical advances he made . He developed the Γ©choppe , a type of etching-needle with a slanting oval section at the end , which enabled etchers to create a swelling line , as engravers were able to do . He also seems to have been responsible for an improved recipe for the etching ground that coated the plate and was removed to form the image , using lute-makers varnish rather than a wax-based formula . This enabled lines to be etched more deeply , prolonging the life of the plate in printing , and also greatly reducing the risk of foul-biting , such that acid gets through the ground to the plate where it is not intended to , producing spots or blotches on the image . Previously the risk of foul-biting had always been present , preventing an engraver from investing too much time on a single plate that risked being ruined by foul-biting . Now etchers could do the very detailed work that was previously the monopoly of engravers , and Callot made good use of the new possibilities . He also made more extensive and sophisticated use of multiple stoppings-out than previous etchers had done . This is the technique of letting the acid dissolve lightly over the whole plate , then stopping-out those parts of the work which the artist wishes to keep shallow by covering them with ground before bathing the plate in acid again . He achieved unprecedented subtlety in effects of distance and light and shade by careful control of this process . Most of his prints were relatively small β as much as about six inches or 15 cm on their longest dimension . One of his devotees , the Parisian Abraham Bosse spread Callots innovations all over Europe with the first published manual of etching , which was translated into Italian , Dutch , German and English . Miseries of War . His most famous prints are his two series of prints each on the Miseries and Misfortunes of War . These are known as Les Grandes MisΓ¨res de la guerre , consisting of 18 prints published during 1633 , and the earlier and incomplete Les Petites MisΓ¨res β referring to their sizes , large and small ( though even the large set are only about 8 x 13 cm ) . These images show soldiers pillaging and burning their way through towns , country and convents , before being variously arrested and executed by their superiors , lynched by peasants , or surviving to live as crippled beggars . At the end the generals are rewarded by their monarch . During 1633 , the year the larger set was published , Lorraine had been invaded by the French during the Thirty Years War and Callots artwork is still noted with Francisco Goyas Los Desastres de la Guerra ( The Disasters of War ) , which was influenced by Callot β ( Goya owned a series of the prints ) , as among the most powerful artistic statements of the inhumanity of war . Grotesque Dwarves . Callots series of Grotesque Dwarves were to inspire Derby porcelain and other companies to create pottery figures known as Mansion House Dwarves or Grotesque Dwarves . The former title comes from a father and son who were paid to wander around the Mansion House in London wearing oversized hats that contained advertisements . Varie Figure Gobbi β Series of 21 etchings , 1616 Other notable works . - A large series depicting commedia dellarte figures called Balli di Sfessania , in a simple , caricature-like style , from his years in Florence . - Series on the Lives of Christ and Mary . - Series on the story of the Prodigal Son . - The Giant Tifeo beneath Mount Ischia ( 1617 ) . - The Fair at Impruneta ( 1620 ) . - The Fair at Gondreville ( 1624 ) . - The Temptation of St Anthony ( 1635 , Fitzwillaim Museum ) .Temptation of Saint Anthony References . - A Hyatt Mayor , Prints and People , Metropolitan Museum of Art/Princeton , 1971 , nos 455β460. . - DP Becker in KL Spangeberg ( ed ) , Six Centuries of Master Prints , Cincinnati Art Museum , 1993 , no 74 ( Large Miseries of War ) , . External links . - Bodkin Prints β Links to over 1,000 Callot prints ( see section B ) - Jacques Callot on the Internet from Artcyclopedia . - Brief bio of Callot from Web Gallery of Art - Prints & People : A Social History of Printed Pictures , an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art ( fully available online as PDF ) , which contains material on Jacques Callot ( see index ) - , Getty Research Institute , Los Angeles , Accession No . 890027 .
|
[
"Rome"
] |
[
{
"text": "Jacques Callot ( ; β 1635 ) was a baroque printmaker and draftsman from the Duchy of Lorraine ( an independent state on the north-eastern border of France , southwestern border of Germany and overlapping the southern Netherlands ) . He is an important person in the development of the old master print . He made more than 1,400 etchings that chronicled the life of his period , featuring soldiers , clowns , drunkards , Gypsies , beggars , as well as court life . He also etched many religious and military images , and many prints featured extensive landscapes",
"title": "Jacques Callot"
},
{
"text": "in their background .",
"title": "Jacques Callot"
},
{
"text": "Callot was born and died in Nancy , the capital of Lorraine , now in France . He came from an important family ( his father was master of ceremonies at the court of the Duke ) , and he often describes himself as having noble status in the inscriptions to his prints . At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a goldsmith , but soon afterward travelled to Rome where he learned engraving from an expatriate Frenchman , . He probably then studied etching with Antonio Tempesta in Florence , where he lived from 1612 to 1621",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": ". More than 2,000 preparatory drawings and studies for prints survive , but no paintings by him are known , and he probably never trained as a painter .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": " During his period in Florence he became an independent master , and worked often for the Medici court . After the death of Cosimo II de Medici during 1621 , he returned to Nancy where he lived for the rest of his life , visiting Paris and the Netherlands later during the decade . He was commissioned by the courts of Lorraine , France and Spain , and by publishers , mostly in Paris . Although he remained in Nancy , his prints were distributed widely through Europe ; Rembrandt was a keen collector of them .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "Technical innovations : Γ©choppe , new hard ground , stopping-out .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": " His technique was exceptional , and was helped by important technical advances he made . He developed the Γ©choppe , a type of etching-needle with a slanting oval section at the end , which enabled etchers to create a swelling line , as engravers were able to do .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "He also seems to have been responsible for an improved recipe for the etching ground that coated the plate and was removed to form the image , using lute-makers varnish rather than a wax-based formula . This enabled lines to be etched more deeply , prolonging the life of the plate in printing , and also greatly reducing the risk of foul-biting , such that acid gets through the ground to the plate where it is not intended to , producing spots or blotches on the image . Previously the risk of foul-biting had always been present , preventing an",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "engraver from investing too much time on a single plate that risked being ruined by foul-biting . Now etchers could do the very detailed work that was previously the monopoly of engravers , and Callot made good use of the new possibilities .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "He also made more extensive and sophisticated use of multiple stoppings-out than previous etchers had done . This is the technique of letting the acid dissolve lightly over the whole plate , then stopping-out those parts of the work which the artist wishes to keep shallow by covering them with ground before bathing the plate in acid again . He achieved unprecedented subtlety in effects of distance and light and shade by careful control of this process . Most of his prints were relatively small β as much as about six inches or 15 cm on their longest dimension .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": " One of his devotees , the Parisian Abraham Bosse spread Callots innovations all over Europe with the first published manual of etching , which was translated into Italian , Dutch , German and English .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "His most famous prints are his two series of prints each on the Miseries and Misfortunes of War . These are known as Les Grandes MisΓ¨res de la guerre , consisting of 18 prints published during 1633 , and the earlier and incomplete Les Petites MisΓ¨res β referring to their sizes , large and small ( though even the large set are only about 8 x 13 cm ) . These images show soldiers pillaging and burning their way through towns , country and convents , before being variously arrested and executed by their superiors , lynched by peasants ,",
"title": "Miseries of War"
},
{
"text": "or surviving to live as crippled beggars . At the end the generals are rewarded by their monarch . During 1633 , the year the larger set was published , Lorraine had been invaded by the French during the Thirty Years War and Callots artwork is still noted with Francisco Goyas Los Desastres de la Guerra ( The Disasters of War ) , which was influenced by Callot β ( Goya owned a series of the prints ) , as among the most powerful artistic statements of the inhumanity of war .",
"title": "Miseries of War"
},
{
"text": " Callots series of Grotesque Dwarves were to inspire Derby porcelain and other companies to create pottery figures known as Mansion House Dwarves or Grotesque Dwarves . The former title comes from a father and son who were paid to wander around the Mansion House in London wearing oversized hats that contained advertisements . Varie Figure Gobbi β Series of 21 etchings , 1616",
"title": "Grotesque Dwarves"
},
{
"text": " - A large series depicting commedia dellarte figures called Balli di Sfessania , in a simple , caricature-like style , from his years in Florence . - Series on the Lives of Christ and Mary . - Series on the story of the Prodigal Son . - The Giant Tifeo beneath Mount Ischia ( 1617 ) . - The Fair at Impruneta ( 1620 ) . - The Fair at Gondreville ( 1624 ) . - The Temptation of St Anthony ( 1635 , Fitzwillaim Museum ) .Temptation of Saint Anthony",
"title": "Other notable works"
},
{
"text": " - A Hyatt Mayor , Prints and People , Metropolitan Museum of Art/Princeton , 1971 , nos 455β460. . - DP Becker in KL Spangeberg ( ed ) , Six Centuries of Master Prints , Cincinnati Art Museum , 1993 , no 74 ( Large Miseries of War ) , .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Bodkin Prints β Links to over 1,000 Callot prints ( see section B ) - Jacques Callot on the Internet from Artcyclopedia . - Brief bio of Callot from Web Gallery of Art - Prints & People : A Social History of Printed Pictures , an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art ( fully available online as PDF ) , which contains material on Jacques Callot ( see index ) - , Getty Research Institute , Los Angeles , Accession No . 890027 .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Jacques_Callot#P937#1
|
What was the working location for Jacques Callot in late 1610s?
|
Jacques Callot Jacques Callot ( ; β 1635 ) was a baroque printmaker and draftsman from the Duchy of Lorraine ( an independent state on the north-eastern border of France , southwestern border of Germany and overlapping the southern Netherlands ) . He is an important person in the development of the old master print . He made more than 1,400 etchings that chronicled the life of his period , featuring soldiers , clowns , drunkards , Gypsies , beggars , as well as court life . He also etched many religious and military images , and many prints featured extensive landscapes in their background . Life and training . Callot was born and died in Nancy , the capital of Lorraine , now in France . He came from an important family ( his father was master of ceremonies at the court of the Duke ) , and he often describes himself as having noble status in the inscriptions to his prints . At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a goldsmith , but soon afterward travelled to Rome where he learned engraving from an expatriate Frenchman , . He probably then studied etching with Antonio Tempesta in Florence , where he lived from 1612 to 1621 . More than 2,000 preparatory drawings and studies for prints survive , but no paintings by him are known , and he probably never trained as a painter . During his period in Florence he became an independent master , and worked often for the Medici court . After the death of Cosimo II de Medici during 1621 , he returned to Nancy where he lived for the rest of his life , visiting Paris and the Netherlands later during the decade . He was commissioned by the courts of Lorraine , France and Spain , and by publishers , mostly in Paris . Although he remained in Nancy , his prints were distributed widely through Europe ; Rembrandt was a keen collector of them . Technical innovations : Γ©choppe , new hard ground , stopping-out . His technique was exceptional , and was helped by important technical advances he made . He developed the Γ©choppe , a type of etching-needle with a slanting oval section at the end , which enabled etchers to create a swelling line , as engravers were able to do . He also seems to have been responsible for an improved recipe for the etching ground that coated the plate and was removed to form the image , using lute-makers varnish rather than a wax-based formula . This enabled lines to be etched more deeply , prolonging the life of the plate in printing , and also greatly reducing the risk of foul-biting , such that acid gets through the ground to the plate where it is not intended to , producing spots or blotches on the image . Previously the risk of foul-biting had always been present , preventing an engraver from investing too much time on a single plate that risked being ruined by foul-biting . Now etchers could do the very detailed work that was previously the monopoly of engravers , and Callot made good use of the new possibilities . He also made more extensive and sophisticated use of multiple stoppings-out than previous etchers had done . This is the technique of letting the acid dissolve lightly over the whole plate , then stopping-out those parts of the work which the artist wishes to keep shallow by covering them with ground before bathing the plate in acid again . He achieved unprecedented subtlety in effects of distance and light and shade by careful control of this process . Most of his prints were relatively small β as much as about six inches or 15 cm on their longest dimension . One of his devotees , the Parisian Abraham Bosse spread Callots innovations all over Europe with the first published manual of etching , which was translated into Italian , Dutch , German and English . Miseries of War . His most famous prints are his two series of prints each on the Miseries and Misfortunes of War . These are known as Les Grandes MisΓ¨res de la guerre , consisting of 18 prints published during 1633 , and the earlier and incomplete Les Petites MisΓ¨res β referring to their sizes , large and small ( though even the large set are only about 8 x 13 cm ) . These images show soldiers pillaging and burning their way through towns , country and convents , before being variously arrested and executed by their superiors , lynched by peasants , or surviving to live as crippled beggars . At the end the generals are rewarded by their monarch . During 1633 , the year the larger set was published , Lorraine had been invaded by the French during the Thirty Years War and Callots artwork is still noted with Francisco Goyas Los Desastres de la Guerra ( The Disasters of War ) , which was influenced by Callot β ( Goya owned a series of the prints ) , as among the most powerful artistic statements of the inhumanity of war . Grotesque Dwarves . Callots series of Grotesque Dwarves were to inspire Derby porcelain and other companies to create pottery figures known as Mansion House Dwarves or Grotesque Dwarves . The former title comes from a father and son who were paid to wander around the Mansion House in London wearing oversized hats that contained advertisements . Varie Figure Gobbi β Series of 21 etchings , 1616 Other notable works . - A large series depicting commedia dellarte figures called Balli di Sfessania , in a simple , caricature-like style , from his years in Florence . - Series on the Lives of Christ and Mary . - Series on the story of the Prodigal Son . - The Giant Tifeo beneath Mount Ischia ( 1617 ) . - The Fair at Impruneta ( 1620 ) . - The Fair at Gondreville ( 1624 ) . - The Temptation of St Anthony ( 1635 , Fitzwillaim Museum ) .Temptation of Saint Anthony References . - A Hyatt Mayor , Prints and People , Metropolitan Museum of Art/Princeton , 1971 , nos 455β460. . - DP Becker in KL Spangeberg ( ed ) , Six Centuries of Master Prints , Cincinnati Art Museum , 1993 , no 74 ( Large Miseries of War ) , . External links . - Bodkin Prints β Links to over 1,000 Callot prints ( see section B ) - Jacques Callot on the Internet from Artcyclopedia . - Brief bio of Callot from Web Gallery of Art - Prints & People : A Social History of Printed Pictures , an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art ( fully available online as PDF ) , which contains material on Jacques Callot ( see index ) - , Getty Research Institute , Los Angeles , Accession No . 890027 .
|
[
"Florence"
] |
[
{
"text": "Jacques Callot ( ; β 1635 ) was a baroque printmaker and draftsman from the Duchy of Lorraine ( an independent state on the north-eastern border of France , southwestern border of Germany and overlapping the southern Netherlands ) . He is an important person in the development of the old master print . He made more than 1,400 etchings that chronicled the life of his period , featuring soldiers , clowns , drunkards , Gypsies , beggars , as well as court life . He also etched many religious and military images , and many prints featured extensive landscapes",
"title": "Jacques Callot"
},
{
"text": "in their background .",
"title": "Jacques Callot"
},
{
"text": "Callot was born and died in Nancy , the capital of Lorraine , now in France . He came from an important family ( his father was master of ceremonies at the court of the Duke ) , and he often describes himself as having noble status in the inscriptions to his prints . At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a goldsmith , but soon afterward travelled to Rome where he learned engraving from an expatriate Frenchman , . He probably then studied etching with Antonio Tempesta in Florence , where he lived from 1612 to 1621",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": ". More than 2,000 preparatory drawings and studies for prints survive , but no paintings by him are known , and he probably never trained as a painter .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": " During his period in Florence he became an independent master , and worked often for the Medici court . After the death of Cosimo II de Medici during 1621 , he returned to Nancy where he lived for the rest of his life , visiting Paris and the Netherlands later during the decade . He was commissioned by the courts of Lorraine , France and Spain , and by publishers , mostly in Paris . Although he remained in Nancy , his prints were distributed widely through Europe ; Rembrandt was a keen collector of them .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "Technical innovations : Γ©choppe , new hard ground , stopping-out .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": " His technique was exceptional , and was helped by important technical advances he made . He developed the Γ©choppe , a type of etching-needle with a slanting oval section at the end , which enabled etchers to create a swelling line , as engravers were able to do .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "He also seems to have been responsible for an improved recipe for the etching ground that coated the plate and was removed to form the image , using lute-makers varnish rather than a wax-based formula . This enabled lines to be etched more deeply , prolonging the life of the plate in printing , and also greatly reducing the risk of foul-biting , such that acid gets through the ground to the plate where it is not intended to , producing spots or blotches on the image . Previously the risk of foul-biting had always been present , preventing an",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "engraver from investing too much time on a single plate that risked being ruined by foul-biting . Now etchers could do the very detailed work that was previously the monopoly of engravers , and Callot made good use of the new possibilities .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "He also made more extensive and sophisticated use of multiple stoppings-out than previous etchers had done . This is the technique of letting the acid dissolve lightly over the whole plate , then stopping-out those parts of the work which the artist wishes to keep shallow by covering them with ground before bathing the plate in acid again . He achieved unprecedented subtlety in effects of distance and light and shade by careful control of this process . Most of his prints were relatively small β as much as about six inches or 15 cm on their longest dimension .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": " One of his devotees , the Parisian Abraham Bosse spread Callots innovations all over Europe with the first published manual of etching , which was translated into Italian , Dutch , German and English .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "His most famous prints are his two series of prints each on the Miseries and Misfortunes of War . These are known as Les Grandes MisΓ¨res de la guerre , consisting of 18 prints published during 1633 , and the earlier and incomplete Les Petites MisΓ¨res β referring to their sizes , large and small ( though even the large set are only about 8 x 13 cm ) . These images show soldiers pillaging and burning their way through towns , country and convents , before being variously arrested and executed by their superiors , lynched by peasants ,",
"title": "Miseries of War"
},
{
"text": "or surviving to live as crippled beggars . At the end the generals are rewarded by their monarch . During 1633 , the year the larger set was published , Lorraine had been invaded by the French during the Thirty Years War and Callots artwork is still noted with Francisco Goyas Los Desastres de la Guerra ( The Disasters of War ) , which was influenced by Callot β ( Goya owned a series of the prints ) , as among the most powerful artistic statements of the inhumanity of war .",
"title": "Miseries of War"
},
{
"text": " Callots series of Grotesque Dwarves were to inspire Derby porcelain and other companies to create pottery figures known as Mansion House Dwarves or Grotesque Dwarves . The former title comes from a father and son who were paid to wander around the Mansion House in London wearing oversized hats that contained advertisements . Varie Figure Gobbi β Series of 21 etchings , 1616",
"title": "Grotesque Dwarves"
},
{
"text": " - A large series depicting commedia dellarte figures called Balli di Sfessania , in a simple , caricature-like style , from his years in Florence . - Series on the Lives of Christ and Mary . - Series on the story of the Prodigal Son . - The Giant Tifeo beneath Mount Ischia ( 1617 ) . - The Fair at Impruneta ( 1620 ) . - The Fair at Gondreville ( 1624 ) . - The Temptation of St Anthony ( 1635 , Fitzwillaim Museum ) .Temptation of Saint Anthony",
"title": "Other notable works"
},
{
"text": " - A Hyatt Mayor , Prints and People , Metropolitan Museum of Art/Princeton , 1971 , nos 455β460. . - DP Becker in KL Spangeberg ( ed ) , Six Centuries of Master Prints , Cincinnati Art Museum , 1993 , no 74 ( Large Miseries of War ) , .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Bodkin Prints β Links to over 1,000 Callot prints ( see section B ) - Jacques Callot on the Internet from Artcyclopedia . - Brief bio of Callot from Web Gallery of Art - Prints & People : A Social History of Printed Pictures , an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art ( fully available online as PDF ) , which contains material on Jacques Callot ( see index ) - , Getty Research Institute , Los Angeles , Accession No . 890027 .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Jacques_Callot#P937#2
|
What was the working location for Jacques Callot in early 1630s?
|
Jacques Callot Jacques Callot ( ; β 1635 ) was a baroque printmaker and draftsman from the Duchy of Lorraine ( an independent state on the north-eastern border of France , southwestern border of Germany and overlapping the southern Netherlands ) . He is an important person in the development of the old master print . He made more than 1,400 etchings that chronicled the life of his period , featuring soldiers , clowns , drunkards , Gypsies , beggars , as well as court life . He also etched many religious and military images , and many prints featured extensive landscapes in their background . Life and training . Callot was born and died in Nancy , the capital of Lorraine , now in France . He came from an important family ( his father was master of ceremonies at the court of the Duke ) , and he often describes himself as having noble status in the inscriptions to his prints . At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a goldsmith , but soon afterward travelled to Rome where he learned engraving from an expatriate Frenchman , . He probably then studied etching with Antonio Tempesta in Florence , where he lived from 1612 to 1621 . More than 2,000 preparatory drawings and studies for prints survive , but no paintings by him are known , and he probably never trained as a painter . During his period in Florence he became an independent master , and worked often for the Medici court . After the death of Cosimo II de Medici during 1621 , he returned to Nancy where he lived for the rest of his life , visiting Paris and the Netherlands later during the decade . He was commissioned by the courts of Lorraine , France and Spain , and by publishers , mostly in Paris . Although he remained in Nancy , his prints were distributed widely through Europe ; Rembrandt was a keen collector of them . Technical innovations : Γ©choppe , new hard ground , stopping-out . His technique was exceptional , and was helped by important technical advances he made . He developed the Γ©choppe , a type of etching-needle with a slanting oval section at the end , which enabled etchers to create a swelling line , as engravers were able to do . He also seems to have been responsible for an improved recipe for the etching ground that coated the plate and was removed to form the image , using lute-makers varnish rather than a wax-based formula . This enabled lines to be etched more deeply , prolonging the life of the plate in printing , and also greatly reducing the risk of foul-biting , such that acid gets through the ground to the plate where it is not intended to , producing spots or blotches on the image . Previously the risk of foul-biting had always been present , preventing an engraver from investing too much time on a single plate that risked being ruined by foul-biting . Now etchers could do the very detailed work that was previously the monopoly of engravers , and Callot made good use of the new possibilities . He also made more extensive and sophisticated use of multiple stoppings-out than previous etchers had done . This is the technique of letting the acid dissolve lightly over the whole plate , then stopping-out those parts of the work which the artist wishes to keep shallow by covering them with ground before bathing the plate in acid again . He achieved unprecedented subtlety in effects of distance and light and shade by careful control of this process . Most of his prints were relatively small β as much as about six inches or 15 cm on their longest dimension . One of his devotees , the Parisian Abraham Bosse spread Callots innovations all over Europe with the first published manual of etching , which was translated into Italian , Dutch , German and English . Miseries of War . His most famous prints are his two series of prints each on the Miseries and Misfortunes of War . These are known as Les Grandes MisΓ¨res de la guerre , consisting of 18 prints published during 1633 , and the earlier and incomplete Les Petites MisΓ¨res β referring to their sizes , large and small ( though even the large set are only about 8 x 13 cm ) . These images show soldiers pillaging and burning their way through towns , country and convents , before being variously arrested and executed by their superiors , lynched by peasants , or surviving to live as crippled beggars . At the end the generals are rewarded by their monarch . During 1633 , the year the larger set was published , Lorraine had been invaded by the French during the Thirty Years War and Callots artwork is still noted with Francisco Goyas Los Desastres de la Guerra ( The Disasters of War ) , which was influenced by Callot β ( Goya owned a series of the prints ) , as among the most powerful artistic statements of the inhumanity of war . Grotesque Dwarves . Callots series of Grotesque Dwarves were to inspire Derby porcelain and other companies to create pottery figures known as Mansion House Dwarves or Grotesque Dwarves . The former title comes from a father and son who were paid to wander around the Mansion House in London wearing oversized hats that contained advertisements . Varie Figure Gobbi β Series of 21 etchings , 1616 Other notable works . - A large series depicting commedia dellarte figures called Balli di Sfessania , in a simple , caricature-like style , from his years in Florence . - Series on the Lives of Christ and Mary . - Series on the story of the Prodigal Son . - The Giant Tifeo beneath Mount Ischia ( 1617 ) . - The Fair at Impruneta ( 1620 ) . - The Fair at Gondreville ( 1624 ) . - The Temptation of St Anthony ( 1635 , Fitzwillaim Museum ) .Temptation of Saint Anthony References . - A Hyatt Mayor , Prints and People , Metropolitan Museum of Art/Princeton , 1971 , nos 455β460. . - DP Becker in KL Spangeberg ( ed ) , Six Centuries of Master Prints , Cincinnati Art Museum , 1993 , no 74 ( Large Miseries of War ) , . External links . - Bodkin Prints β Links to over 1,000 Callot prints ( see section B ) - Jacques Callot on the Internet from Artcyclopedia . - Brief bio of Callot from Web Gallery of Art - Prints & People : A Social History of Printed Pictures , an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art ( fully available online as PDF ) , which contains material on Jacques Callot ( see index ) - , Getty Research Institute , Los Angeles , Accession No . 890027 .
|
[
"Nancy"
] |
[
{
"text": "Jacques Callot ( ; β 1635 ) was a baroque printmaker and draftsman from the Duchy of Lorraine ( an independent state on the north-eastern border of France , southwestern border of Germany and overlapping the southern Netherlands ) . He is an important person in the development of the old master print . He made more than 1,400 etchings that chronicled the life of his period , featuring soldiers , clowns , drunkards , Gypsies , beggars , as well as court life . He also etched many religious and military images , and many prints featured extensive landscapes",
"title": "Jacques Callot"
},
{
"text": "in their background .",
"title": "Jacques Callot"
},
{
"text": "Callot was born and died in Nancy , the capital of Lorraine , now in France . He came from an important family ( his father was master of ceremonies at the court of the Duke ) , and he often describes himself as having noble status in the inscriptions to his prints . At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a goldsmith , but soon afterward travelled to Rome where he learned engraving from an expatriate Frenchman , . He probably then studied etching with Antonio Tempesta in Florence , where he lived from 1612 to 1621",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": ". More than 2,000 preparatory drawings and studies for prints survive , but no paintings by him are known , and he probably never trained as a painter .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": " During his period in Florence he became an independent master , and worked often for the Medici court . After the death of Cosimo II de Medici during 1621 , he returned to Nancy where he lived for the rest of his life , visiting Paris and the Netherlands later during the decade . He was commissioned by the courts of Lorraine , France and Spain , and by publishers , mostly in Paris . Although he remained in Nancy , his prints were distributed widely through Europe ; Rembrandt was a keen collector of them .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "Technical innovations : Γ©choppe , new hard ground , stopping-out .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": " His technique was exceptional , and was helped by important technical advances he made . He developed the Γ©choppe , a type of etching-needle with a slanting oval section at the end , which enabled etchers to create a swelling line , as engravers were able to do .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "He also seems to have been responsible for an improved recipe for the etching ground that coated the plate and was removed to form the image , using lute-makers varnish rather than a wax-based formula . This enabled lines to be etched more deeply , prolonging the life of the plate in printing , and also greatly reducing the risk of foul-biting , such that acid gets through the ground to the plate where it is not intended to , producing spots or blotches on the image . Previously the risk of foul-biting had always been present , preventing an",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "engraver from investing too much time on a single plate that risked being ruined by foul-biting . Now etchers could do the very detailed work that was previously the monopoly of engravers , and Callot made good use of the new possibilities .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "He also made more extensive and sophisticated use of multiple stoppings-out than previous etchers had done . This is the technique of letting the acid dissolve lightly over the whole plate , then stopping-out those parts of the work which the artist wishes to keep shallow by covering them with ground before bathing the plate in acid again . He achieved unprecedented subtlety in effects of distance and light and shade by careful control of this process . Most of his prints were relatively small β as much as about six inches or 15 cm on their longest dimension .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": " One of his devotees , the Parisian Abraham Bosse spread Callots innovations all over Europe with the first published manual of etching , which was translated into Italian , Dutch , German and English .",
"title": "Life and training"
},
{
"text": "His most famous prints are his two series of prints each on the Miseries and Misfortunes of War . These are known as Les Grandes MisΓ¨res de la guerre , consisting of 18 prints published during 1633 , and the earlier and incomplete Les Petites MisΓ¨res β referring to their sizes , large and small ( though even the large set are only about 8 x 13 cm ) . These images show soldiers pillaging and burning their way through towns , country and convents , before being variously arrested and executed by their superiors , lynched by peasants ,",
"title": "Miseries of War"
},
{
"text": "or surviving to live as crippled beggars . At the end the generals are rewarded by their monarch . During 1633 , the year the larger set was published , Lorraine had been invaded by the French during the Thirty Years War and Callots artwork is still noted with Francisco Goyas Los Desastres de la Guerra ( The Disasters of War ) , which was influenced by Callot β ( Goya owned a series of the prints ) , as among the most powerful artistic statements of the inhumanity of war .",
"title": "Miseries of War"
},
{
"text": " Callots series of Grotesque Dwarves were to inspire Derby porcelain and other companies to create pottery figures known as Mansion House Dwarves or Grotesque Dwarves . The former title comes from a father and son who were paid to wander around the Mansion House in London wearing oversized hats that contained advertisements . Varie Figure Gobbi β Series of 21 etchings , 1616",
"title": "Grotesque Dwarves"
},
{
"text": " - A large series depicting commedia dellarte figures called Balli di Sfessania , in a simple , caricature-like style , from his years in Florence . - Series on the Lives of Christ and Mary . - Series on the story of the Prodigal Son . - The Giant Tifeo beneath Mount Ischia ( 1617 ) . - The Fair at Impruneta ( 1620 ) . - The Fair at Gondreville ( 1624 ) . - The Temptation of St Anthony ( 1635 , Fitzwillaim Museum ) .Temptation of Saint Anthony",
"title": "Other notable works"
},
{
"text": " - A Hyatt Mayor , Prints and People , Metropolitan Museum of Art/Princeton , 1971 , nos 455β460. . - DP Becker in KL Spangeberg ( ed ) , Six Centuries of Master Prints , Cincinnati Art Museum , 1993 , no 74 ( Large Miseries of War ) , .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Bodkin Prints β Links to over 1,000 Callot prints ( see section B ) - Jacques Callot on the Internet from Artcyclopedia . - Brief bio of Callot from Web Gallery of Art - Prints & People : A Social History of Printed Pictures , an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art ( fully available online as PDF ) , which contains material on Jacques Callot ( see index ) - , Getty Research Institute , Los Angeles , Accession No . 890027 .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Thomas_de_Trafford#P551#0
|
Where did Thomas de Trafford live before Mar 1784?
|
Thomas de Trafford Marriage and family . Thomas married Laura Anne Colman ( born 18 August 1780 , baptized 9 November 1780 , Cullompton ) , daughter of Francis Colman ( d . 1820 ) of Hillersdon , Devon , and Jemima Searle ( d . 1807 ) , on 17 August 1803 , and the couple lived at Trafford Hall , in Trafford Park . They had nine daughters and five sons , including : - Elizabeth Jane , born 22 October 1804 , died September 1813 , aged 8 - Laura Ann , born 23 November 1805 , who married Thomas William Riddell of Felton , Northumberland on 4 September 1845 at All Saints Catholic Chapel , Barton-upon-Frode and died 16 May 1877 - Jemima , born 30 January 1807 , died 17 January 1883 , who in 1829 married her fathers first cousin Henry Tempest of Heaton ( near Bolton ) , Lancashire , who was a JP for Lancashire . Their daughter , Jemima Monica Mildred Tempest ( 1841-1907 ) married Le Gendre Starkie in 1867 . - Humphrey Francis , born 1 May 1808 , died 4 May 1886 , who became the Second Baronet - Jane Seymour , born 27 July 1809 , who in 1842 married George Archer Shee , eldest son of Sir Martin Archer Shee , a former President of the Royal Academy . Jane and Georges great-grandson George Archer-Shee was the subject of a notorious 1910 prosecution for allegedly stealing a 5 shilling postal order . The case formed the basis for the play The Winslow Boy . - Maria , born 16 November 1810 , died 9 May 1826 , aged 15 - Caroline , born 29 March 1812 , married William Gerard Walmesley of Westwood , Lancashire , son of Charles Walmesley ( 1781β1833 ) , on 18 October 1838 , and died 21 December 1883 - Thomas William , born 23 August 1813 , never married , died 7 May 1844 - Sybilla Catherine ( or Catherine-Sybilla ) , born 23 September 1815 , who married Reverend John Sparling , third son of William Sparling of Petton Park , Shropshire in 1843 , and died 22 May 1886 - Belinda , born 29 November 1816 , never married , died 19 February 1900 - Harriet ( or Harriotte ) , born 25 August 1818 , who married James Cunningham , a captain in the Fourth Dragoon Guards , on 27 April 1853 - John Randolphus , born 11 April 1820 , married Lady Adelaide Cathcart , daughter of General Sir Charles Murray Cathcart , 2nd Earl Cathcart and Henrietta Mather , on 13 July 1850 , died 3 February 1879 ( or possibly 15 February 1871 ) . Succeeded to the Croston Estates , previously held jointly by his father with the Trafford estates . Eldest son Sigismund de Trafford . - Charles Cecil , born 18 or 28 December 1821 , never married , died 15 December 1878 , a captain in the Third Regiment of the Duke of Lancasters Own Militia and also an officer in the 1st Dragoons - Augustus Henry , born 12 April 1823 ( or 1828 ) , married Gertrude Mary Walmesley , daughter of Herman Walmesley , on 19 September 1876 , died 19 January 1895 at Haselour Hall , Tamworth Estates . After his fathers death on 29 October 1815 , and despite his position as the fifth son , Thomas inherited his fathers estates in Lancashire and Cheshire . Two elder brothers , both named Joseph , had died in infancy and two others , Humphrey and John , had both died before their father . By 12 November 1819 , he is recorded as selling the advowson of the parish of St Bartholomews Church , Wilmslow to Edward Vigor Fox for Β£6,000 . This gave the right to nominate the rector when the parish became vacant , and was a right conferred by lordship of the manor in many cases . Selling that right was legal , so long as the post was not already vacant . However , in this case it appears that Trafford and Fox drew up the sale after they learned that Joseph Bradshaw , the incumbent , was close to death . The sale was concluded at ten to three in the afternoon , and Bradshaw died at half past eleven the same night . At the time of the sale , Trafford was major-commandant of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry , and Fox was a lieutenant in the same force . Foxs subsequent nomination of George Uppleby as rector , on 30 December 1819 , was contested by the Bishop of Chester , and the case wound through the courts during the 1820s . Eventually on 3 June 1829 , the House of Lords heard Foxs appeal of earlier decisions voiding the appointment . The Lords could not find any evidence that Uppleby had conspired with Trafford and Fox to buy the appointment ( an offence known as simony ) and so they ruled in favor of Fox and Trafford . Slaters Directory for 1845 names Thomas Ayres as Sir T . J . de Traffords land agent in Stretford . In Edward Twycrosss The Mansions of England and Wales ( 1847 ) , Thomas is noted as the owner of Trafford Hall in the parish of Eccles on the southern bank of the Irwell , west of Manchester . The mansion is described as built of stone with a front featuring a classical portico with columns and a pediment . Tithe maps from the mid-19th century show that Thomas owned more than 700 plots in the Bollin valley near Wilmslow , amounting to about . Thomas is recorded as having divided the Manors of Trafford and Stretford , giving land including a portion of Croston Manor to his son John Randolphus . In 1853 , John Randolphus applied for a Β£5,000 government loan to drain lands in Croston , Penwortham , Wigan . In 1874 , John Randolphus reunited Croston Manor for the first time since 1318 by purchasing the remainder from trustees of Thomas Norris . It appears that Thomas Trafford was alert to the financial opportunities presented by the burgeoning coal mining industry . He leased mining rights at the Pemberton Four Feet Mine in Hindley to a partnership of Byrom , Taylor and Byrom for 33 years from 24 December 1849 . Trafford was entitled to rent of Β£75 per foot per Cheshire acre , and Β£100 per annum at the least . This venture evidently did not prove as profitable as the lessors had hoped . Within three years the partnership was bankrupt and the mine lease was auctioned on 27 October 1852 . Military service and role in Peterloo Massacre . Thomas Trafford was commissioned as a Captain in the Third Battalion of the Royal Lancashire Militia on 6 March 1801 , towards the end of Britains involvement in the French Revolutionary Wars . Much later , after the Blanketeers march of 10 March 1817 , the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry was formed in response to the perceived threat of riot , Trafford was commissioned as the Major-Commandant in charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry on 23 August 1817 . By 1819 , social discontent because of rising food prices and lack of suffrage had fueled a rise in radical groups in northern England . On 16 August 1819 , Major Trafford was sent a note by a magistrate , local coalowner William Hulton , urging him to dispatch the cavalry regiment to a public meeting being addressed by the orator Henry Hunt . Major Trafford did send his 116 troops in response , but he appears not to have been present for the disastrous attack on the assembled crowd . Fifteen people died and hundreds were wounded . The government and landowners viewed the yeomanrys actions at Peterloo as a courageous defence against insurrection . Following the Peterloo Massacre , on 27 August 1819 , Lord Sidmouth sent a message of thanks from the Prince Regent to Major Trafford , among others . However , public horror at the actions of the yeomanry grew after the massacre . Major Trafford resigned his commission in 1820 , and the yeomanry corps was disbanded on 9 June 1824 . Public office and creation of baronetcy . After the repeal of the Test Acts and the passage of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 , the Trafford family became eligible for offices previously barred to them by their religion . Thomas Trafford was appointed High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1834 . He is also recorded as serving as Deputy Lieutenant of Lancashire . He was created the First Baronet de Trafford on 7 September 1841 . On 8 October 1841 , Queen Victoria issued a royal licence to Sir Thomas Joseph Trafford .. . that he may henceforth resume the ancient patronymic of his family , by assuming and using the surname of De Trafford , instead of that of Trafford and that such surname may be henceforth taken and used by his issue . The anglicisation to Trafford had probably occurred in the 15th century , when the Norman article de , signifying that a family originated from a particular place , was generally dropped in England . The resumption of such older versions of family names was a romantic trend in 19th-century England , encouraged by a mistaken belief that the article de indicated nobility . Later life . Thomas de Trafford is recorded as living at 12 Grosvenor Street , in Mayfair , London from 1847 to 1852 . In 1852 , Thomas was thrown from his horse and broke several ribs . While he was convalescing , his wife , Laura , died on 22 October 1852 . The family delayed Lauras burial to 5 November , and Thomas died five days later at Trafford Park on 10 November 1852 . Thomas de Traffords funeral was held on 19 November 1852 , with a procession departing Trafford Park at 8:30am . An immense crowd attended the service at Salford Cathedral . Bibliography . - Baines , Edward ( 1836 ) , History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster , Fisher , Son , & Co . - Richards , W.S.G . ( 1896 ) , The History of the De Traffords of Trafford . Circa A.D . 1000-1893 . Including the Royal and Baronial descents of the family . 202 pages , printed for private circulation , Plymouth
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Thomas married Laura Anne Colman ( born 18 August 1780 , baptized 9 November 1780 , Cullompton ) , daughter of Francis Colman ( d . 1820 ) of Hillersdon , Devon , and Jemima Searle ( d . 1807 ) , on 17 August 1803 , and the couple lived at Trafford Hall , in Trafford Park . They had nine daughters and five sons , including : - Elizabeth Jane , born 22 October 1804 , died September 1813 , aged 8",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Laura Ann , born 23 November 1805 , who married Thomas William Riddell of Felton , Northumberland on 4 September 1845 at All Saints Catholic Chapel , Barton-upon-Frode and died 16 May 1877",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Jemima , born 30 January 1807 , died 17 January 1883 , who in 1829 married her fathers first cousin Henry Tempest of Heaton ( near Bolton ) , Lancashire , who was a JP for Lancashire . Their daughter , Jemima Monica Mildred Tempest ( 1841-1907 ) married Le Gendre Starkie in 1867 . - Humphrey Francis , born 1 May 1808 , died 4 May 1886 , who became the Second Baronet",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Jane Seymour , born 27 July 1809 , who in 1842 married George Archer Shee , eldest son of Sir Martin Archer Shee , a former President of the Royal Academy . Jane and Georges great-grandson George Archer-Shee was the subject of a notorious 1910 prosecution for allegedly stealing a 5 shilling postal order . The case formed the basis for the play The Winslow Boy .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Maria , born 16 November 1810 , died 9 May 1826 , aged 15 - Caroline , born 29 March 1812 , married William Gerard Walmesley of Westwood , Lancashire , son of Charles Walmesley ( 1781β1833 ) , on 18 October 1838 , and died 21 December 1883 - Thomas William , born 23 August 1813 , never married , died 7 May 1844",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Sybilla Catherine ( or Catherine-Sybilla ) , born 23 September 1815 , who married Reverend John Sparling , third son of William Sparling of Petton Park , Shropshire in 1843 , and died 22 May 1886",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Belinda , born 29 November 1816 , never married , died 19 February 1900 - Harriet ( or Harriotte ) , born 25 August 1818 , who married James Cunningham , a captain in the Fourth Dragoon Guards , on 27 April 1853",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- John Randolphus , born 11 April 1820 , married Lady Adelaide Cathcart , daughter of General Sir Charles Murray Cathcart , 2nd Earl Cathcart and Henrietta Mather , on 13 July 1850 , died 3 February 1879 ( or possibly 15 February 1871 ) . Succeeded to the Croston Estates , previously held jointly by his father with the Trafford estates . Eldest son Sigismund de Trafford .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Charles Cecil , born 18 or 28 December 1821 , never married , died 15 December 1878 , a captain in the Third Regiment of the Duke of Lancasters Own Militia and also an officer in the 1st Dragoons - Augustus Henry , born 12 April 1823 ( or 1828 ) , married Gertrude Mary Walmesley , daughter of Herman Walmesley , on 19 September 1876 , died 19 January 1895 at Haselour Hall , Tamworth",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " After his fathers death on 29 October 1815 , and despite his position as the fifth son , Thomas inherited his fathers estates in Lancashire and Cheshire . Two elder brothers , both named Joseph , had died in infancy and two others , Humphrey and John , had both died before their father .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "By 12 November 1819 , he is recorded as selling the advowson of the parish of St Bartholomews Church , Wilmslow to Edward Vigor Fox for Β£6,000 . This gave the right to nominate the rector when the parish became vacant , and was a right conferred by lordship of the manor in many cases . Selling that right was legal , so long as the post was not already vacant . However , in this case it appears that Trafford and Fox drew up the sale after they learned that Joseph Bradshaw , the incumbent , was close to",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "death . The sale was concluded at ten to three in the afternoon , and Bradshaw died at half past eleven the same night . At the time of the sale , Trafford was major-commandant of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry , and Fox was a lieutenant in the same force .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Foxs subsequent nomination of George Uppleby as rector , on 30 December 1819 , was contested by the Bishop of Chester , and the case wound through the courts during the 1820s . Eventually on 3 June 1829 , the House of Lords heard Foxs appeal of earlier decisions voiding the appointment . The Lords could not find any evidence that Uppleby had conspired with Trafford and Fox to buy the appointment ( an offence known as simony ) and so they ruled in favor of Fox and Trafford .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "Slaters Directory for 1845 names Thomas Ayres as Sir T . J . de Traffords land agent in Stretford . In Edward Twycrosss The Mansions of England and Wales ( 1847 ) , Thomas is noted as the owner of Trafford Hall in the parish of Eccles on the southern bank of the Irwell , west of Manchester . The mansion is described as built of stone with a front featuring a classical portico with columns and a pediment . Tithe maps from the mid-19th century show that Thomas owned more than 700 plots in the Bollin valley near Wilmslow",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": ", amounting to about .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Thomas is recorded as having divided the Manors of Trafford and Stretford , giving land including a portion of Croston Manor to his son John Randolphus . In 1853 , John Randolphus applied for a Β£5,000 government loan to drain lands in Croston , Penwortham , Wigan . In 1874 , John Randolphus reunited Croston Manor for the first time since 1318 by purchasing the remainder from trustees of Thomas Norris .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "It appears that Thomas Trafford was alert to the financial opportunities presented by the burgeoning coal mining industry . He leased mining rights at the Pemberton Four Feet Mine in Hindley to a partnership of Byrom , Taylor and Byrom for 33 years from 24 December 1849 . Trafford was entitled to rent of Β£75 per foot per Cheshire acre , and Β£100 per annum at the least . This venture evidently did not prove as profitable as the lessors had hoped . Within three years the partnership was bankrupt and the mine lease was auctioned on 27 October 1852",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Military service and role in Peterloo Massacre . Thomas Trafford was commissioned as a Captain in the Third Battalion of the Royal Lancashire Militia on 6 March 1801 , towards the end of Britains involvement in the French Revolutionary Wars . Much later , after the Blanketeers march of 10 March 1817 , the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry was formed in response to the perceived threat of riot , Trafford was commissioned as the Major-Commandant in charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry on 23 August 1817 .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "By 1819 , social discontent because of rising food prices and lack of suffrage had fueled a rise in radical groups in northern England . On 16 August 1819 , Major Trafford was sent a note by a magistrate , local coalowner William Hulton , urging him to dispatch the cavalry regiment to a public meeting being addressed by the orator Henry Hunt . Major Trafford did send his 116 troops in response , but he appears not to have been present for the disastrous attack on the assembled crowd . Fifteen people died and hundreds were wounded . The",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "government and landowners viewed the yeomanrys actions at Peterloo as a courageous defence against insurrection . Following the Peterloo Massacre , on 27 August 1819 , Lord Sidmouth sent a message of thanks from the Prince Regent to Major Trafford , among others . However , public horror at the actions of the yeomanry grew after the massacre . Major Trafford resigned his commission in 1820 , and the yeomanry corps was disbanded on 9 June 1824 .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Public office and creation of baronetcy . After the repeal of the Test Acts and the passage of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 , the Trafford family became eligible for offices previously barred to them by their religion . Thomas Trafford was appointed High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1834 . He is also recorded as serving as Deputy Lieutenant of Lancashire .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "He was created the First Baronet de Trafford on 7 September 1841 . On 8 October 1841 , Queen Victoria issued a royal licence to Sir Thomas Joseph Trafford .. . that he may henceforth resume the ancient patronymic of his family , by assuming and using the surname of De Trafford , instead of that of Trafford and that such surname may be henceforth taken and used by his issue . The anglicisation to Trafford had probably occurred in the 15th century , when the Norman article de , signifying that a family originated from a particular place ,",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "was generally dropped in England . The resumption of such older versions of family names was a romantic trend in 19th-century England , encouraged by a mistaken belief that the article de indicated nobility .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "Thomas de Trafford is recorded as living at 12 Grosvenor Street , in Mayfair , London from 1847 to 1852 . In 1852 , Thomas was thrown from his horse and broke several ribs . While he was convalescing , his wife , Laura , died on 22 October 1852 . The family delayed Lauras burial to 5 November , and Thomas died five days later at Trafford Park on 10 November 1852 . Thomas de Traffords funeral was held on 19 November 1852 , with a procession departing Trafford Park at 8:30am . An immense crowd attended the service",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": "at Salford Cathedral .",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": " - Baines , Edward ( 1836 ) , History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster , Fisher , Son , & Co . - Richards , W.S.G . ( 1896 ) , The History of the De Traffords of Trafford . Circa A.D . 1000-1893 . Including the Royal and Baronial descents of the family . 202 pages , printed for private circulation , Plymouth",
"title": "Bibliography"
}
] |
/wiki/Thomas_de_Trafford#P551#1
|
Where did Thomas de Trafford live between Nov 1804 and Dec 1823?
|
Thomas de Trafford Marriage and family . Thomas married Laura Anne Colman ( born 18 August 1780 , baptized 9 November 1780 , Cullompton ) , daughter of Francis Colman ( d . 1820 ) of Hillersdon , Devon , and Jemima Searle ( d . 1807 ) , on 17 August 1803 , and the couple lived at Trafford Hall , in Trafford Park . They had nine daughters and five sons , including : - Elizabeth Jane , born 22 October 1804 , died September 1813 , aged 8 - Laura Ann , born 23 November 1805 , who married Thomas William Riddell of Felton , Northumberland on 4 September 1845 at All Saints Catholic Chapel , Barton-upon-Frode and died 16 May 1877 - Jemima , born 30 January 1807 , died 17 January 1883 , who in 1829 married her fathers first cousin Henry Tempest of Heaton ( near Bolton ) , Lancashire , who was a JP for Lancashire . Their daughter , Jemima Monica Mildred Tempest ( 1841-1907 ) married Le Gendre Starkie in 1867 . - Humphrey Francis , born 1 May 1808 , died 4 May 1886 , who became the Second Baronet - Jane Seymour , born 27 July 1809 , who in 1842 married George Archer Shee , eldest son of Sir Martin Archer Shee , a former President of the Royal Academy . Jane and Georges great-grandson George Archer-Shee was the subject of a notorious 1910 prosecution for allegedly stealing a 5 shilling postal order . The case formed the basis for the play The Winslow Boy . - Maria , born 16 November 1810 , died 9 May 1826 , aged 15 - Caroline , born 29 March 1812 , married William Gerard Walmesley of Westwood , Lancashire , son of Charles Walmesley ( 1781β1833 ) , on 18 October 1838 , and died 21 December 1883 - Thomas William , born 23 August 1813 , never married , died 7 May 1844 - Sybilla Catherine ( or Catherine-Sybilla ) , born 23 September 1815 , who married Reverend John Sparling , third son of William Sparling of Petton Park , Shropshire in 1843 , and died 22 May 1886 - Belinda , born 29 November 1816 , never married , died 19 February 1900 - Harriet ( or Harriotte ) , born 25 August 1818 , who married James Cunningham , a captain in the Fourth Dragoon Guards , on 27 April 1853 - John Randolphus , born 11 April 1820 , married Lady Adelaide Cathcart , daughter of General Sir Charles Murray Cathcart , 2nd Earl Cathcart and Henrietta Mather , on 13 July 1850 , died 3 February 1879 ( or possibly 15 February 1871 ) . Succeeded to the Croston Estates , previously held jointly by his father with the Trafford estates . Eldest son Sigismund de Trafford . - Charles Cecil , born 18 or 28 December 1821 , never married , died 15 December 1878 , a captain in the Third Regiment of the Duke of Lancasters Own Militia and also an officer in the 1st Dragoons - Augustus Henry , born 12 April 1823 ( or 1828 ) , married Gertrude Mary Walmesley , daughter of Herman Walmesley , on 19 September 1876 , died 19 January 1895 at Haselour Hall , Tamworth Estates . After his fathers death on 29 October 1815 , and despite his position as the fifth son , Thomas inherited his fathers estates in Lancashire and Cheshire . Two elder brothers , both named Joseph , had died in infancy and two others , Humphrey and John , had both died before their father . By 12 November 1819 , he is recorded as selling the advowson of the parish of St Bartholomews Church , Wilmslow to Edward Vigor Fox for Β£6,000 . This gave the right to nominate the rector when the parish became vacant , and was a right conferred by lordship of the manor in many cases . Selling that right was legal , so long as the post was not already vacant . However , in this case it appears that Trafford and Fox drew up the sale after they learned that Joseph Bradshaw , the incumbent , was close to death . The sale was concluded at ten to three in the afternoon , and Bradshaw died at half past eleven the same night . At the time of the sale , Trafford was major-commandant of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry , and Fox was a lieutenant in the same force . Foxs subsequent nomination of George Uppleby as rector , on 30 December 1819 , was contested by the Bishop of Chester , and the case wound through the courts during the 1820s . Eventually on 3 June 1829 , the House of Lords heard Foxs appeal of earlier decisions voiding the appointment . The Lords could not find any evidence that Uppleby had conspired with Trafford and Fox to buy the appointment ( an offence known as simony ) and so they ruled in favor of Fox and Trafford . Slaters Directory for 1845 names Thomas Ayres as Sir T . J . de Traffords land agent in Stretford . In Edward Twycrosss The Mansions of England and Wales ( 1847 ) , Thomas is noted as the owner of Trafford Hall in the parish of Eccles on the southern bank of the Irwell , west of Manchester . The mansion is described as built of stone with a front featuring a classical portico with columns and a pediment . Tithe maps from the mid-19th century show that Thomas owned more than 700 plots in the Bollin valley near Wilmslow , amounting to about . Thomas is recorded as having divided the Manors of Trafford and Stretford , giving land including a portion of Croston Manor to his son John Randolphus . In 1853 , John Randolphus applied for a Β£5,000 government loan to drain lands in Croston , Penwortham , Wigan . In 1874 , John Randolphus reunited Croston Manor for the first time since 1318 by purchasing the remainder from trustees of Thomas Norris . It appears that Thomas Trafford was alert to the financial opportunities presented by the burgeoning coal mining industry . He leased mining rights at the Pemberton Four Feet Mine in Hindley to a partnership of Byrom , Taylor and Byrom for 33 years from 24 December 1849 . Trafford was entitled to rent of Β£75 per foot per Cheshire acre , and Β£100 per annum at the least . This venture evidently did not prove as profitable as the lessors had hoped . Within three years the partnership was bankrupt and the mine lease was auctioned on 27 October 1852 . Military service and role in Peterloo Massacre . Thomas Trafford was commissioned as a Captain in the Third Battalion of the Royal Lancashire Militia on 6 March 1801 , towards the end of Britains involvement in the French Revolutionary Wars . Much later , after the Blanketeers march of 10 March 1817 , the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry was formed in response to the perceived threat of riot , Trafford was commissioned as the Major-Commandant in charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry on 23 August 1817 . By 1819 , social discontent because of rising food prices and lack of suffrage had fueled a rise in radical groups in northern England . On 16 August 1819 , Major Trafford was sent a note by a magistrate , local coalowner William Hulton , urging him to dispatch the cavalry regiment to a public meeting being addressed by the orator Henry Hunt . Major Trafford did send his 116 troops in response , but he appears not to have been present for the disastrous attack on the assembled crowd . Fifteen people died and hundreds were wounded . The government and landowners viewed the yeomanrys actions at Peterloo as a courageous defence against insurrection . Following the Peterloo Massacre , on 27 August 1819 , Lord Sidmouth sent a message of thanks from the Prince Regent to Major Trafford , among others . However , public horror at the actions of the yeomanry grew after the massacre . Major Trafford resigned his commission in 1820 , and the yeomanry corps was disbanded on 9 June 1824 . Public office and creation of baronetcy . After the repeal of the Test Acts and the passage of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 , the Trafford family became eligible for offices previously barred to them by their religion . Thomas Trafford was appointed High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1834 . He is also recorded as serving as Deputy Lieutenant of Lancashire . He was created the First Baronet de Trafford on 7 September 1841 . On 8 October 1841 , Queen Victoria issued a royal licence to Sir Thomas Joseph Trafford .. . that he may henceforth resume the ancient patronymic of his family , by assuming and using the surname of De Trafford , instead of that of Trafford and that such surname may be henceforth taken and used by his issue . The anglicisation to Trafford had probably occurred in the 15th century , when the Norman article de , signifying that a family originated from a particular place , was generally dropped in England . The resumption of such older versions of family names was a romantic trend in 19th-century England , encouraged by a mistaken belief that the article de indicated nobility . Later life . Thomas de Trafford is recorded as living at 12 Grosvenor Street , in Mayfair , London from 1847 to 1852 . In 1852 , Thomas was thrown from his horse and broke several ribs . While he was convalescing , his wife , Laura , died on 22 October 1852 . The family delayed Lauras burial to 5 November , and Thomas died five days later at Trafford Park on 10 November 1852 . Thomas de Traffords funeral was held on 19 November 1852 , with a procession departing Trafford Park at 8:30am . An immense crowd attended the service at Salford Cathedral . Bibliography . - Baines , Edward ( 1836 ) , History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster , Fisher , Son , & Co . - Richards , W.S.G . ( 1896 ) , The History of the De Traffords of Trafford . Circa A.D . 1000-1893 . Including the Royal and Baronial descents of the family . 202 pages , printed for private circulation , Plymouth
|
[
"Trafford Hall"
] |
[
{
"text": " Thomas married Laura Anne Colman ( born 18 August 1780 , baptized 9 November 1780 , Cullompton ) , daughter of Francis Colman ( d . 1820 ) of Hillersdon , Devon , and Jemima Searle ( d . 1807 ) , on 17 August 1803 , and the couple lived at Trafford Hall , in Trafford Park . They had nine daughters and five sons , including : - Elizabeth Jane , born 22 October 1804 , died September 1813 , aged 8",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Laura Ann , born 23 November 1805 , who married Thomas William Riddell of Felton , Northumberland on 4 September 1845 at All Saints Catholic Chapel , Barton-upon-Frode and died 16 May 1877",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Jemima , born 30 January 1807 , died 17 January 1883 , who in 1829 married her fathers first cousin Henry Tempest of Heaton ( near Bolton ) , Lancashire , who was a JP for Lancashire . Their daughter , Jemima Monica Mildred Tempest ( 1841-1907 ) married Le Gendre Starkie in 1867 . - Humphrey Francis , born 1 May 1808 , died 4 May 1886 , who became the Second Baronet",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Jane Seymour , born 27 July 1809 , who in 1842 married George Archer Shee , eldest son of Sir Martin Archer Shee , a former President of the Royal Academy . Jane and Georges great-grandson George Archer-Shee was the subject of a notorious 1910 prosecution for allegedly stealing a 5 shilling postal order . The case formed the basis for the play The Winslow Boy .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Maria , born 16 November 1810 , died 9 May 1826 , aged 15 - Caroline , born 29 March 1812 , married William Gerard Walmesley of Westwood , Lancashire , son of Charles Walmesley ( 1781β1833 ) , on 18 October 1838 , and died 21 December 1883 - Thomas William , born 23 August 1813 , never married , died 7 May 1844",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Sybilla Catherine ( or Catherine-Sybilla ) , born 23 September 1815 , who married Reverend John Sparling , third son of William Sparling of Petton Park , Shropshire in 1843 , and died 22 May 1886",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Belinda , born 29 November 1816 , never married , died 19 February 1900 - Harriet ( or Harriotte ) , born 25 August 1818 , who married James Cunningham , a captain in the Fourth Dragoon Guards , on 27 April 1853",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- John Randolphus , born 11 April 1820 , married Lady Adelaide Cathcart , daughter of General Sir Charles Murray Cathcart , 2nd Earl Cathcart and Henrietta Mather , on 13 July 1850 , died 3 February 1879 ( or possibly 15 February 1871 ) . Succeeded to the Croston Estates , previously held jointly by his father with the Trafford estates . Eldest son Sigismund de Trafford .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Charles Cecil , born 18 or 28 December 1821 , never married , died 15 December 1878 , a captain in the Third Regiment of the Duke of Lancasters Own Militia and also an officer in the 1st Dragoons - Augustus Henry , born 12 April 1823 ( or 1828 ) , married Gertrude Mary Walmesley , daughter of Herman Walmesley , on 19 September 1876 , died 19 January 1895 at Haselour Hall , Tamworth",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " After his fathers death on 29 October 1815 , and despite his position as the fifth son , Thomas inherited his fathers estates in Lancashire and Cheshire . Two elder brothers , both named Joseph , had died in infancy and two others , Humphrey and John , had both died before their father .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "By 12 November 1819 , he is recorded as selling the advowson of the parish of St Bartholomews Church , Wilmslow to Edward Vigor Fox for Β£6,000 . This gave the right to nominate the rector when the parish became vacant , and was a right conferred by lordship of the manor in many cases . Selling that right was legal , so long as the post was not already vacant . However , in this case it appears that Trafford and Fox drew up the sale after they learned that Joseph Bradshaw , the incumbent , was close to",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "death . The sale was concluded at ten to three in the afternoon , and Bradshaw died at half past eleven the same night . At the time of the sale , Trafford was major-commandant of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry , and Fox was a lieutenant in the same force .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Foxs subsequent nomination of George Uppleby as rector , on 30 December 1819 , was contested by the Bishop of Chester , and the case wound through the courts during the 1820s . Eventually on 3 June 1829 , the House of Lords heard Foxs appeal of earlier decisions voiding the appointment . The Lords could not find any evidence that Uppleby had conspired with Trafford and Fox to buy the appointment ( an offence known as simony ) and so they ruled in favor of Fox and Trafford .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "Slaters Directory for 1845 names Thomas Ayres as Sir T . J . de Traffords land agent in Stretford . In Edward Twycrosss The Mansions of England and Wales ( 1847 ) , Thomas is noted as the owner of Trafford Hall in the parish of Eccles on the southern bank of the Irwell , west of Manchester . The mansion is described as built of stone with a front featuring a classical portico with columns and a pediment . Tithe maps from the mid-19th century show that Thomas owned more than 700 plots in the Bollin valley near Wilmslow",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": ", amounting to about .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Thomas is recorded as having divided the Manors of Trafford and Stretford , giving land including a portion of Croston Manor to his son John Randolphus . In 1853 , John Randolphus applied for a Β£5,000 government loan to drain lands in Croston , Penwortham , Wigan . In 1874 , John Randolphus reunited Croston Manor for the first time since 1318 by purchasing the remainder from trustees of Thomas Norris .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "It appears that Thomas Trafford was alert to the financial opportunities presented by the burgeoning coal mining industry . He leased mining rights at the Pemberton Four Feet Mine in Hindley to a partnership of Byrom , Taylor and Byrom for 33 years from 24 December 1849 . Trafford was entitled to rent of Β£75 per foot per Cheshire acre , and Β£100 per annum at the least . This venture evidently did not prove as profitable as the lessors had hoped . Within three years the partnership was bankrupt and the mine lease was auctioned on 27 October 1852",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Military service and role in Peterloo Massacre . Thomas Trafford was commissioned as a Captain in the Third Battalion of the Royal Lancashire Militia on 6 March 1801 , towards the end of Britains involvement in the French Revolutionary Wars . Much later , after the Blanketeers march of 10 March 1817 , the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry was formed in response to the perceived threat of riot , Trafford was commissioned as the Major-Commandant in charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry on 23 August 1817 .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "By 1819 , social discontent because of rising food prices and lack of suffrage had fueled a rise in radical groups in northern England . On 16 August 1819 , Major Trafford was sent a note by a magistrate , local coalowner William Hulton , urging him to dispatch the cavalry regiment to a public meeting being addressed by the orator Henry Hunt . Major Trafford did send his 116 troops in response , but he appears not to have been present for the disastrous attack on the assembled crowd . Fifteen people died and hundreds were wounded . The",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "government and landowners viewed the yeomanrys actions at Peterloo as a courageous defence against insurrection . Following the Peterloo Massacre , on 27 August 1819 , Lord Sidmouth sent a message of thanks from the Prince Regent to Major Trafford , among others . However , public horror at the actions of the yeomanry grew after the massacre . Major Trafford resigned his commission in 1820 , and the yeomanry corps was disbanded on 9 June 1824 .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Public office and creation of baronetcy . After the repeal of the Test Acts and the passage of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 , the Trafford family became eligible for offices previously barred to them by their religion . Thomas Trafford was appointed High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1834 . He is also recorded as serving as Deputy Lieutenant of Lancashire .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "He was created the First Baronet de Trafford on 7 September 1841 . On 8 October 1841 , Queen Victoria issued a royal licence to Sir Thomas Joseph Trafford .. . that he may henceforth resume the ancient patronymic of his family , by assuming and using the surname of De Trafford , instead of that of Trafford and that such surname may be henceforth taken and used by his issue . The anglicisation to Trafford had probably occurred in the 15th century , when the Norman article de , signifying that a family originated from a particular place ,",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "was generally dropped in England . The resumption of such older versions of family names was a romantic trend in 19th-century England , encouraged by a mistaken belief that the article de indicated nobility .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "Thomas de Trafford is recorded as living at 12 Grosvenor Street , in Mayfair , London from 1847 to 1852 . In 1852 , Thomas was thrown from his horse and broke several ribs . While he was convalescing , his wife , Laura , died on 22 October 1852 . The family delayed Lauras burial to 5 November , and Thomas died five days later at Trafford Park on 10 November 1852 . Thomas de Traffords funeral was held on 19 November 1852 , with a procession departing Trafford Park at 8:30am . An immense crowd attended the service",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": "at Salford Cathedral .",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": " - Baines , Edward ( 1836 ) , History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster , Fisher , Son , & Co . - Richards , W.S.G . ( 1896 ) , The History of the De Traffords of Trafford . Circa A.D . 1000-1893 . Including the Royal and Baronial descents of the family . 202 pages , printed for private circulation , Plymouth",
"title": "Bibliography"
}
] |
/wiki/Thomas_de_Trafford#P551#2
|
Where did Thomas de Trafford live between Nov 1849 and Feb 1850?
|
Thomas de Trafford Marriage and family . Thomas married Laura Anne Colman ( born 18 August 1780 , baptized 9 November 1780 , Cullompton ) , daughter of Francis Colman ( d . 1820 ) of Hillersdon , Devon , and Jemima Searle ( d . 1807 ) , on 17 August 1803 , and the couple lived at Trafford Hall , in Trafford Park . They had nine daughters and five sons , including : - Elizabeth Jane , born 22 October 1804 , died September 1813 , aged 8 - Laura Ann , born 23 November 1805 , who married Thomas William Riddell of Felton , Northumberland on 4 September 1845 at All Saints Catholic Chapel , Barton-upon-Frode and died 16 May 1877 - Jemima , born 30 January 1807 , died 17 January 1883 , who in 1829 married her fathers first cousin Henry Tempest of Heaton ( near Bolton ) , Lancashire , who was a JP for Lancashire . Their daughter , Jemima Monica Mildred Tempest ( 1841-1907 ) married Le Gendre Starkie in 1867 . - Humphrey Francis , born 1 May 1808 , died 4 May 1886 , who became the Second Baronet - Jane Seymour , born 27 July 1809 , who in 1842 married George Archer Shee , eldest son of Sir Martin Archer Shee , a former President of the Royal Academy . Jane and Georges great-grandson George Archer-Shee was the subject of a notorious 1910 prosecution for allegedly stealing a 5 shilling postal order . The case formed the basis for the play The Winslow Boy . - Maria , born 16 November 1810 , died 9 May 1826 , aged 15 - Caroline , born 29 March 1812 , married William Gerard Walmesley of Westwood , Lancashire , son of Charles Walmesley ( 1781β1833 ) , on 18 October 1838 , and died 21 December 1883 - Thomas William , born 23 August 1813 , never married , died 7 May 1844 - Sybilla Catherine ( or Catherine-Sybilla ) , born 23 September 1815 , who married Reverend John Sparling , third son of William Sparling of Petton Park , Shropshire in 1843 , and died 22 May 1886 - Belinda , born 29 November 1816 , never married , died 19 February 1900 - Harriet ( or Harriotte ) , born 25 August 1818 , who married James Cunningham , a captain in the Fourth Dragoon Guards , on 27 April 1853 - John Randolphus , born 11 April 1820 , married Lady Adelaide Cathcart , daughter of General Sir Charles Murray Cathcart , 2nd Earl Cathcart and Henrietta Mather , on 13 July 1850 , died 3 February 1879 ( or possibly 15 February 1871 ) . Succeeded to the Croston Estates , previously held jointly by his father with the Trafford estates . Eldest son Sigismund de Trafford . - Charles Cecil , born 18 or 28 December 1821 , never married , died 15 December 1878 , a captain in the Third Regiment of the Duke of Lancasters Own Militia and also an officer in the 1st Dragoons - Augustus Henry , born 12 April 1823 ( or 1828 ) , married Gertrude Mary Walmesley , daughter of Herman Walmesley , on 19 September 1876 , died 19 January 1895 at Haselour Hall , Tamworth Estates . After his fathers death on 29 October 1815 , and despite his position as the fifth son , Thomas inherited his fathers estates in Lancashire and Cheshire . Two elder brothers , both named Joseph , had died in infancy and two others , Humphrey and John , had both died before their father . By 12 November 1819 , he is recorded as selling the advowson of the parish of St Bartholomews Church , Wilmslow to Edward Vigor Fox for Β£6,000 . This gave the right to nominate the rector when the parish became vacant , and was a right conferred by lordship of the manor in many cases . Selling that right was legal , so long as the post was not already vacant . However , in this case it appears that Trafford and Fox drew up the sale after they learned that Joseph Bradshaw , the incumbent , was close to death . The sale was concluded at ten to three in the afternoon , and Bradshaw died at half past eleven the same night . At the time of the sale , Trafford was major-commandant of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry , and Fox was a lieutenant in the same force . Foxs subsequent nomination of George Uppleby as rector , on 30 December 1819 , was contested by the Bishop of Chester , and the case wound through the courts during the 1820s . Eventually on 3 June 1829 , the House of Lords heard Foxs appeal of earlier decisions voiding the appointment . The Lords could not find any evidence that Uppleby had conspired with Trafford and Fox to buy the appointment ( an offence known as simony ) and so they ruled in favor of Fox and Trafford . Slaters Directory for 1845 names Thomas Ayres as Sir T . J . de Traffords land agent in Stretford . In Edward Twycrosss The Mansions of England and Wales ( 1847 ) , Thomas is noted as the owner of Trafford Hall in the parish of Eccles on the southern bank of the Irwell , west of Manchester . The mansion is described as built of stone with a front featuring a classical portico with columns and a pediment . Tithe maps from the mid-19th century show that Thomas owned more than 700 plots in the Bollin valley near Wilmslow , amounting to about . Thomas is recorded as having divided the Manors of Trafford and Stretford , giving land including a portion of Croston Manor to his son John Randolphus . In 1853 , John Randolphus applied for a Β£5,000 government loan to drain lands in Croston , Penwortham , Wigan . In 1874 , John Randolphus reunited Croston Manor for the first time since 1318 by purchasing the remainder from trustees of Thomas Norris . It appears that Thomas Trafford was alert to the financial opportunities presented by the burgeoning coal mining industry . He leased mining rights at the Pemberton Four Feet Mine in Hindley to a partnership of Byrom , Taylor and Byrom for 33 years from 24 December 1849 . Trafford was entitled to rent of Β£75 per foot per Cheshire acre , and Β£100 per annum at the least . This venture evidently did not prove as profitable as the lessors had hoped . Within three years the partnership was bankrupt and the mine lease was auctioned on 27 October 1852 . Military service and role in Peterloo Massacre . Thomas Trafford was commissioned as a Captain in the Third Battalion of the Royal Lancashire Militia on 6 March 1801 , towards the end of Britains involvement in the French Revolutionary Wars . Much later , after the Blanketeers march of 10 March 1817 , the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry was formed in response to the perceived threat of riot , Trafford was commissioned as the Major-Commandant in charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry on 23 August 1817 . By 1819 , social discontent because of rising food prices and lack of suffrage had fueled a rise in radical groups in northern England . On 16 August 1819 , Major Trafford was sent a note by a magistrate , local coalowner William Hulton , urging him to dispatch the cavalry regiment to a public meeting being addressed by the orator Henry Hunt . Major Trafford did send his 116 troops in response , but he appears not to have been present for the disastrous attack on the assembled crowd . Fifteen people died and hundreds were wounded . The government and landowners viewed the yeomanrys actions at Peterloo as a courageous defence against insurrection . Following the Peterloo Massacre , on 27 August 1819 , Lord Sidmouth sent a message of thanks from the Prince Regent to Major Trafford , among others . However , public horror at the actions of the yeomanry grew after the massacre . Major Trafford resigned his commission in 1820 , and the yeomanry corps was disbanded on 9 June 1824 . Public office and creation of baronetcy . After the repeal of the Test Acts and the passage of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 , the Trafford family became eligible for offices previously barred to them by their religion . Thomas Trafford was appointed High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1834 . He is also recorded as serving as Deputy Lieutenant of Lancashire . He was created the First Baronet de Trafford on 7 September 1841 . On 8 October 1841 , Queen Victoria issued a royal licence to Sir Thomas Joseph Trafford .. . that he may henceforth resume the ancient patronymic of his family , by assuming and using the surname of De Trafford , instead of that of Trafford and that such surname may be henceforth taken and used by his issue . The anglicisation to Trafford had probably occurred in the 15th century , when the Norman article de , signifying that a family originated from a particular place , was generally dropped in England . The resumption of such older versions of family names was a romantic trend in 19th-century England , encouraged by a mistaken belief that the article de indicated nobility . Later life . Thomas de Trafford is recorded as living at 12 Grosvenor Street , in Mayfair , London from 1847 to 1852 . In 1852 , Thomas was thrown from his horse and broke several ribs . While he was convalescing , his wife , Laura , died on 22 October 1852 . The family delayed Lauras burial to 5 November , and Thomas died five days later at Trafford Park on 10 November 1852 . Thomas de Traffords funeral was held on 19 November 1852 , with a procession departing Trafford Park at 8:30am . An immense crowd attended the service at Salford Cathedral . Bibliography . - Baines , Edward ( 1836 ) , History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster , Fisher , Son , & Co . - Richards , W.S.G . ( 1896 ) , The History of the De Traffords of Trafford . Circa A.D . 1000-1893 . Including the Royal and Baronial descents of the family . 202 pages , printed for private circulation , Plymouth
|
[
"Mayfair , London"
] |
[
{
"text": " Thomas married Laura Anne Colman ( born 18 August 1780 , baptized 9 November 1780 , Cullompton ) , daughter of Francis Colman ( d . 1820 ) of Hillersdon , Devon , and Jemima Searle ( d . 1807 ) , on 17 August 1803 , and the couple lived at Trafford Hall , in Trafford Park . They had nine daughters and five sons , including : - Elizabeth Jane , born 22 October 1804 , died September 1813 , aged 8",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Laura Ann , born 23 November 1805 , who married Thomas William Riddell of Felton , Northumberland on 4 September 1845 at All Saints Catholic Chapel , Barton-upon-Frode and died 16 May 1877",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Jemima , born 30 January 1807 , died 17 January 1883 , who in 1829 married her fathers first cousin Henry Tempest of Heaton ( near Bolton ) , Lancashire , who was a JP for Lancashire . Their daughter , Jemima Monica Mildred Tempest ( 1841-1907 ) married Le Gendre Starkie in 1867 . - Humphrey Francis , born 1 May 1808 , died 4 May 1886 , who became the Second Baronet",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Jane Seymour , born 27 July 1809 , who in 1842 married George Archer Shee , eldest son of Sir Martin Archer Shee , a former President of the Royal Academy . Jane and Georges great-grandson George Archer-Shee was the subject of a notorious 1910 prosecution for allegedly stealing a 5 shilling postal order . The case formed the basis for the play The Winslow Boy .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Maria , born 16 November 1810 , died 9 May 1826 , aged 15 - Caroline , born 29 March 1812 , married William Gerard Walmesley of Westwood , Lancashire , son of Charles Walmesley ( 1781β1833 ) , on 18 October 1838 , and died 21 December 1883 - Thomas William , born 23 August 1813 , never married , died 7 May 1844",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Sybilla Catherine ( or Catherine-Sybilla ) , born 23 September 1815 , who married Reverend John Sparling , third son of William Sparling of Petton Park , Shropshire in 1843 , and died 22 May 1886",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Belinda , born 29 November 1816 , never married , died 19 February 1900 - Harriet ( or Harriotte ) , born 25 August 1818 , who married James Cunningham , a captain in the Fourth Dragoon Guards , on 27 April 1853",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- John Randolphus , born 11 April 1820 , married Lady Adelaide Cathcart , daughter of General Sir Charles Murray Cathcart , 2nd Earl Cathcart and Henrietta Mather , on 13 July 1850 , died 3 February 1879 ( or possibly 15 February 1871 ) . Succeeded to the Croston Estates , previously held jointly by his father with the Trafford estates . Eldest son Sigismund de Trafford .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Charles Cecil , born 18 or 28 December 1821 , never married , died 15 December 1878 , a captain in the Third Regiment of the Duke of Lancasters Own Militia and also an officer in the 1st Dragoons - Augustus Henry , born 12 April 1823 ( or 1828 ) , married Gertrude Mary Walmesley , daughter of Herman Walmesley , on 19 September 1876 , died 19 January 1895 at Haselour Hall , Tamworth",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " After his fathers death on 29 October 1815 , and despite his position as the fifth son , Thomas inherited his fathers estates in Lancashire and Cheshire . Two elder brothers , both named Joseph , had died in infancy and two others , Humphrey and John , had both died before their father .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "By 12 November 1819 , he is recorded as selling the advowson of the parish of St Bartholomews Church , Wilmslow to Edward Vigor Fox for Β£6,000 . This gave the right to nominate the rector when the parish became vacant , and was a right conferred by lordship of the manor in many cases . Selling that right was legal , so long as the post was not already vacant . However , in this case it appears that Trafford and Fox drew up the sale after they learned that Joseph Bradshaw , the incumbent , was close to",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "death . The sale was concluded at ten to three in the afternoon , and Bradshaw died at half past eleven the same night . At the time of the sale , Trafford was major-commandant of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry , and Fox was a lieutenant in the same force .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Foxs subsequent nomination of George Uppleby as rector , on 30 December 1819 , was contested by the Bishop of Chester , and the case wound through the courts during the 1820s . Eventually on 3 June 1829 , the House of Lords heard Foxs appeal of earlier decisions voiding the appointment . The Lords could not find any evidence that Uppleby had conspired with Trafford and Fox to buy the appointment ( an offence known as simony ) and so they ruled in favor of Fox and Trafford .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "Slaters Directory for 1845 names Thomas Ayres as Sir T . J . de Traffords land agent in Stretford . In Edward Twycrosss The Mansions of England and Wales ( 1847 ) , Thomas is noted as the owner of Trafford Hall in the parish of Eccles on the southern bank of the Irwell , west of Manchester . The mansion is described as built of stone with a front featuring a classical portico with columns and a pediment . Tithe maps from the mid-19th century show that Thomas owned more than 700 plots in the Bollin valley near Wilmslow",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": ", amounting to about .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Thomas is recorded as having divided the Manors of Trafford and Stretford , giving land including a portion of Croston Manor to his son John Randolphus . In 1853 , John Randolphus applied for a Β£5,000 government loan to drain lands in Croston , Penwortham , Wigan . In 1874 , John Randolphus reunited Croston Manor for the first time since 1318 by purchasing the remainder from trustees of Thomas Norris .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "It appears that Thomas Trafford was alert to the financial opportunities presented by the burgeoning coal mining industry . He leased mining rights at the Pemberton Four Feet Mine in Hindley to a partnership of Byrom , Taylor and Byrom for 33 years from 24 December 1849 . Trafford was entitled to rent of Β£75 per foot per Cheshire acre , and Β£100 per annum at the least . This venture evidently did not prove as profitable as the lessors had hoped . Within three years the partnership was bankrupt and the mine lease was auctioned on 27 October 1852",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Military service and role in Peterloo Massacre . Thomas Trafford was commissioned as a Captain in the Third Battalion of the Royal Lancashire Militia on 6 March 1801 , towards the end of Britains involvement in the French Revolutionary Wars . Much later , after the Blanketeers march of 10 March 1817 , the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry was formed in response to the perceived threat of riot , Trafford was commissioned as the Major-Commandant in charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry on 23 August 1817 .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "By 1819 , social discontent because of rising food prices and lack of suffrage had fueled a rise in radical groups in northern England . On 16 August 1819 , Major Trafford was sent a note by a magistrate , local coalowner William Hulton , urging him to dispatch the cavalry regiment to a public meeting being addressed by the orator Henry Hunt . Major Trafford did send his 116 troops in response , but he appears not to have been present for the disastrous attack on the assembled crowd . Fifteen people died and hundreds were wounded . The",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "government and landowners viewed the yeomanrys actions at Peterloo as a courageous defence against insurrection . Following the Peterloo Massacre , on 27 August 1819 , Lord Sidmouth sent a message of thanks from the Prince Regent to Major Trafford , among others . However , public horror at the actions of the yeomanry grew after the massacre . Major Trafford resigned his commission in 1820 , and the yeomanry corps was disbanded on 9 June 1824 .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": " Public office and creation of baronetcy . After the repeal of the Test Acts and the passage of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 , the Trafford family became eligible for offices previously barred to them by their religion . Thomas Trafford was appointed High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1834 . He is also recorded as serving as Deputy Lieutenant of Lancashire .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "He was created the First Baronet de Trafford on 7 September 1841 . On 8 October 1841 , Queen Victoria issued a royal licence to Sir Thomas Joseph Trafford .. . that he may henceforth resume the ancient patronymic of his family , by assuming and using the surname of De Trafford , instead of that of Trafford and that such surname may be henceforth taken and used by his issue . The anglicisation to Trafford had probably occurred in the 15th century , when the Norman article de , signifying that a family originated from a particular place ,",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "was generally dropped in England . The resumption of such older versions of family names was a romantic trend in 19th-century England , encouraged by a mistaken belief that the article de indicated nobility .",
"title": "Estates"
},
{
"text": "Thomas de Trafford is recorded as living at 12 Grosvenor Street , in Mayfair , London from 1847 to 1852 . In 1852 , Thomas was thrown from his horse and broke several ribs . While he was convalescing , his wife , Laura , died on 22 October 1852 . The family delayed Lauras burial to 5 November , and Thomas died five days later at Trafford Park on 10 November 1852 . Thomas de Traffords funeral was held on 19 November 1852 , with a procession departing Trafford Park at 8:30am . An immense crowd attended the service",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": "at Salford Cathedral .",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": " - Baines , Edward ( 1836 ) , History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster , Fisher , Son , & Co . - Richards , W.S.G . ( 1896 ) , The History of the De Traffords of Trafford . Circa A.D . 1000-1893 . Including the Royal and Baronial descents of the family . 202 pages , printed for private circulation , Plymouth",
"title": "Bibliography"
}
] |
/wiki/Theodore_G._Bilbo#P39#0
|
What position did Theodore G. Bilbo take in Apr 1915?
|
Theodore G . Bilbo Theodore Gilmore Bilbo ( October 13 , 1877August 21 , 1947 ) was an American politician who twice served as governor of Mississippi ( 1916β20 , 1928β32 ) and later was elected a U.S . Senator ( 1935β47 ) . A lifelong Democrat , he was a filibusterer whose name was synonymous with white supremacyβlike many Southern Democrats of his era , Bilbo believed that black people were inferior ; he defended segregation , and was a member of the Ku Klux Klan . Bilbo was educated in rural Hancock County ( later Pearl River County ) . He attended Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee and Vanderbilt University Law School . After teaching school he attained admission to the bar in 1906 , and practiced in Poplarville . He then served in the Mississippi State Senate for four years , 1908 to 1912 . Bilbo overcame accusations of accepting bribes and won election as lieutenant governor , a position he held from 1912 to 1916 . In 1915 , he was elected governor , and he served from 1916 to 1920 . During this term he earned accolades for enacting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , as well as increased spending on public works projects . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1920 . Bilbo won election to the governorship again in 1927 , and served from 1928 to 1932 . During this term Bilbo caused controversy by attempting to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson . In another controversy , he aided Democratic nominee Al Smith in the 1928 presidential election by spreading the story that Republican nominee Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman ; Mississippi voters , considering whether to maintain their allegiance to the Democratic Party in light of Smiths Catholicism and support for the repeal of Prohibition , largely remained with Smith after Bilbos appeal to racism . In 1930 , under Governor Bilbo , Mississippi introduced a sales taxβthe first American state to do so . In 1934 Bilbo won election to a seat in the United States Senate ; he served from 1935 until his death . In the Senate , Bilbo maintained his support for segregation and white supremacy ; he was also attracted to the ideas of the black separatist movement , considering it a potentially viable method of maintaining segregation . He died in a New Orleans hospital while undergoing treatment for cancer , and was buried at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville . Bilbo was of short stature ( ) , frequently wore bright , flashy clothing to draw attention to himself , and was nicknamed The Man because he tended to refer to himself in the third person . Bilbo was the author of a pro-segregation work , Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization . Education and family background . On October 13 , 1877 , Bilbo was born in the small town of Juniper Grove in Hancock ( later Pearl River ) County . His parents , Obedience Beedy ( nΓ©e Wallis or Wallace ) and James Oliver Bilbo , were of Scotch-Irish descent , and James was a farmer and veteran of the Confederate States Army who rose from poverty during Theodore Bilbos early years to become Vice President of the Poplarville National Bank . Theodore Bilbo obtained a scholarship to attend Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee , and later attended Vanderbilt University Law School , but did not graduate from either . He also taught school and worked at a drug store during his legal studies . During his teaching career , Bilbo was accused of being overly familiar with a female student . He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1906 , and began a law practice in Poplarville , Mississippi the following year . At Vanderbilt , though he had been admitted to the senior class , he left without graduating . He was accused of cheating on academics , but it appears more likely that he left school for financial reasons . Though these accusations never rose to the level of formal charges , they helped create the perception that Bilbo was profligate and dishonest . State Senate . On November 5 , 1907 , Bilbo was elected to the Mississippi State Senate . He served there from 1908 to 1912 . In 1909 he attended non-credit summer courses at the University of Michigan Law School during a period when the legislature was not in session . In 1910 , Bilbo attracted national attention in a bribery scandal . After the death of U.S . Senator James Gordon , the legislature was deadlocked in choosing between LeRoy Percy or former Governor James K . Vardaman as Gordons successor . After 58 ballots , on February 28 Bilbo was one of several candidates to break the stalemate by switching his vote to Percy , who won 87β82 . Bilbo told a grand jury the next day that he had accepted a $645 bribe from L . C . Dulaney , but that he had done so as part of a private investigation . The State Senate voted 28β10 to expel him from office , falling one vote short of the majority needed . The Senate passed a resolution β which did not require a majority β calling him unfit to sit with honest , upright men in a respectable legislative body . During his subsequent campaign for lieutenant governor , Bilbo made a comment to Washington Dorsey Gibbs , a state senator from Yazoo City . Gibbs was insulted , and during the ensuing skirmish broke his cane over Bilbos head . But Bilbos campaign was successful , and he served as lieutenant governor from 1912 to 1916 . One of his first acts as lieutenant governor was to remove from the records the resolution calling him unfit to sit with honest men . First governorship . After serving as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi for four years , Bilbo was elected governor in 1915 . Cresswell ( 2006 ) argues that in his first term ( 1916β20 ) Bilbo had the most successful administration of all the governors who served between 1877 and 1917 , putting state finances in order and supporting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , a new charity hospital , and a board of bank examiners . In his first term , his Progressive program was largely implemented . He was known as Bilbo the Builder because of his authorization of a state highway system , as well as lime-crushing plants , new dormitories at the Old Soldiers Home , a tuberculosis hospital and his work on eradication of the South American tick . In 1916 he pushed through a law eliminating public hangings . The Haynes Report , a call to national action in response to race riots throughout the summer of 1919 , pointed to Bilbo as exemplifying the collective failure of the states to stop or even prosecute thousands of lawless executions over several decades . Before the mob lynching of John Hartfield in Ellisville , Miss. , on June 26 , 1919 , according to the report , Bilbo said in a speech : Campaign for US Congress . The state constitution prohibited governors from having successive terms , so Bilbo chose to run for a seat in the U.S . House of Representatives in 1918 . During the campaign , a bout of Texas fever broke out among cattle ; Bilbo supported a program to dip cattle in insecticide to kill the ticks carrying the fever . Mississippi farmers were generally not happy about the idea , and Bilbo lost the primary to Paul B . Johnson Sr. . Russells paternity suit . Lee M . Russell , then Governor , had served as Bilbos lieutenant governor and was being sued by his former secretary , who accused him of breach of promise and of seducing and impregnating her . She had undergone an abortion that left her unable to have further children . Russell asked Bilbo to convince the woman not to sue . Bilbo was unsuccessful , but Russells secretary was unsuccessful in her suit as well . Judge Edwin R . Holmes asked Bilbo to submit documents pertinent to the case . Bilbo refused , and was later caught hiding in a barn to avoid a subpoena . Subsequently , he was sentenced to 30 days in prison for contempt of court and served 10 days behind bars . He also lost his bid to return to the governorship in 1923 . Second governorship . In 1927 , Bilbo was elected governor again after winning the Democratic primary election over Governor Dennis Murphree , who had succeeded to the top position from the lieutenant governorship on the death of Governor Henry L . Whitfield . The lieutenant governor in Bilbos last term as governor was lawyer Bidwell Adam , a strong party loyalist and a staunch segregationist from Pass Christian and later Gulfport , sometimes known as the firebrand from the Coast . Bilbo criticized Murphree for calling out the Mississippi National Guard to prevent a lynching in Jackson , declaring that no black person was worthy of protection by the Guard . He also tried to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson , although the idea never came to fruition . During the 1928 presidential election , Bilbo helped Al Smith ( D ) from New York to carry the state by a large margin . Conservative , Protestant Democratic voters were considering abandoning Smith because he was Catholic and because he supported the repeal of prohibition . Bilbo spread the rumor that Republican candidate Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman , which helped keep southern Democrats in Smiths column . In 1929 , Thomas G . Gunter of Benton County , MS was convicted of the murder of his son-in-law , Marlin Drew , on the testimony of his seven-year-old granddaughter , Dorothy Louise . He was sentenced to 5 years in prison . Three months later , after his daughter Pearl gave birth to her fourth child , she confessed that she had killed Marlin during an argument over the paternity of her then-unborn child , and requested that her 63-year-old father be pardoned . Pearl said she had coached Dorothy Louise to implicate her father . She added it was always her intention to tell the truth after the birth of her baby , and that she could not bear the thought of it beginning its life in prison . Governor Bilbo then granted Gunter a 90-day suspension of sentence as Pearl was bound over for an appearance before the Grand Jury . After the Grand Jury indicted Pearl for murder and perjury , Pearl was arraigned and pled guilty . The judge , however , used his statutory discretion and suspended Pearls sentence . When Gunters 90-day suspension expired in Feb . 1930 , the governor denied his application for a pardon and ordered him to return to prison . The governor stated , βSomebody ought to be in the penitentiary all the time for the murder of a sleeping man . If Judge Pegram does not believe Mrs . Drew is guilty enough to serve her term , then the man convicted of her murder will have to serve his term . Husbands ought to have some protection.β Gunter , however , refused to return to the penitentiary and as of Feb . 1931 when an account of the case was written , both he and Pearl had fled the state of Mississippi . Firing the professors . In 1930 , Bilbo convened a meeting of the State Board of Universities and Colleges to approve his plans to dismiss 179 faculty members . Appearing before reporters after the meeting , he announced , Boys , weve just hung up a new record . Weve bounced three college presidents and made three new ones in the record time of two hours . And thats just the beginning of whats going to happen . The presidents of the University of Mississippi ( Ole Miss ) , Mississippi A & M ( later Mississippi State University ) , and the Mississippi State College for Women were all fired and replaced , respectively , by a realtor , a press agent , and a recent B.A . degree-recipient . The Dean of the Medical School at Ole Miss was replaced by a man who once had a course in dentistry . The Association of American Universities and the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools then suspended recognition of degrees from all four of Mississippis state colleges . The American Medical Association voted to cancel the accreditation of the states college of medicine . The American Association of University Professors ( AAUP ) , meeting in Cleveland , passed a resolution that the remaining Mississippi professors would be regarded as retired members of the profession , after finding that their dismissals had been made for political considerations and without concern for the welfare of the students . During the crisis , Bilbo was burned in effigy by students at Ole Miss , but he was unconcerned about the states image . He made national headlines by giving an interview while sitting in a tub of hot water , soap in one hand , washrag in the other , and a cigar in his mouth . The lack of recognition continued until satisfactory evidence of improved conditions was provided to the AAUP and the other institutions in 1932 . In his final year of office , Bilbo and the legislature were at a stalemate , when he refused to sign their tax bills and the legislature refused to approve his tax bills . At the end of his term , the State of Mississippi was effectively bankrupt . The state treasury had only $1,326.57 in its coffers , and the state was $11.5 million in debt . Bilbo , whose actions had halted U.S . Department of Agriculture funding of the agricultural school at Mississippi State , was hired as a consultant on public relations for the USDA for a short time . He clipped newspaper articles for a high salary , a reward from Senator Pat Harrison for Bilbos campaign support . Pundits dubbed him the Pastemaster General . Soon , Bilbo made plans to run for the U.S . Senate seat held by Hubert Stephens . U.S . Senate . In 1934 , Bilbo defeated Stephens to win a seat in the United States Senate . There he spoke against farmer murderers , poor-folks haters , shooters of widows and orphans , international well-poisoners , charity hospital destroyers , spitters on our heroic veterans , rich enemies of our public schools , private bankers who ought to come out in the open and let folks see what theyre doing , European debt-cancelers , unemployment makers , pacifists , Communists , munitions manufacturers , and skunks who steal Gideon Bibles from hotel rooms . In Washington , Bilbo feuded with Mississippi senior Senator Pat Harrison . Bilbo , whose base was among tenant farmers , hated the upper-class Harrison , who represented the rich planters and merchants . The feud started in 1936 when Harrison nominated Judge Holmes for the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals . Bilbo disliked Holmes , dating back to the Russell case , and spoke against him for five hours . Bilbo was the only Senator to vote no , and Holmes was confirmed . Later that year , Harrison faced a primary challenge from former Governor Mike Conner . Bilbo supported Conner . Bilbos former law partner Stewart C . Sweep Clean Broom , campaigned for Harrison . Harrison won reelection . When the Senate majority leaders job opened up in 1937 , Harrison ran and faced a close contest with Kentuckys Alben Barkley . Harrisons campaign manager asked Bilbo to consider voting for Harrison . Bilbo said he would vote for Harrison only if Harrison asked him personally . When asked if he would make the personal appeal to Bilbo , Harrison replied , Tell the son of a bitch I wouldnt speak to him even if it meant the presidency of the United States . Harrison lost by one vote , 37-to-38 , and his reputation as the Senator who wouldnt speak to his home-state colleague remained intact . Bilbo had taken revenge by voting against his fellow Mississippian . In the Senate , Bilbo supported Democratic President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal . Bilbos outspoken support of segregation and white supremacy was controversial in the Senate . Attracted by the ideas of black separatists such as Marcus Garvey , Bilbo proposed an amendment to the federal work-relief bill on June 6 , 1938 , which would have deported twelve million black Americans to Liberia at federal expense to relieve unemployment . Bilbo wrote a book advocating the idea . Garvey praised him in return , saying that Bilbo had done wonderfully well for the Negro . But Thomas W . Harvey , a senior Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League leader in the US , distanced himself from Bilbo because of his racist speeches . The Democrats assigned Bilbo to what was considered the least important Senate committee , one on governance of the District of Columbia , to try to limit his influence . Bilbo , however , used his position to advance his white supremacist views . Bilbo was against giving any vote to district residents , especially as the districts black population was increasing because of the Great Migration . After re-election , he advanced to sufficient seniority to chair the committee , 1945β47 . He also served on the Pensions Committee , chairing it 1942β45 . Bilbo revealed his membership in the Ku Klux Klan in an interview on the radio program Meet the Press . He said : He was a prominent participant in the lengthy southern Democratic filibuster of the Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill before the Senate in 1938 . Bilbo said : Bilbo denounced Richard Wrights autobiography , Black Boy ( 1945 ) , on the Senate floor : Bilbo was outspoken in saying that blacks should not be allowed to vote anywhere in the United States , regardless of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution . Black World War II veterans complained of longstanding disfranchisement in the South , which Mississippi had achieved in 1890 by changes to its constitution related to electoral and voter registration rules , which the other Confederate states and Oklahoma followed with similar changes through 1910 , most of which survived court challenges . Bilbos campaign was accused of provoking violence related to voting . Critics accused Bilbo of giving war contracts out to his friends . In 1946 , he wrote to General MacArthur that by MacArthurs role as the head of the Allied occupation of Japan that the Japanese should all be sterilized . During the 1946 Democratic Senate primary in Mississippi , his last race , Bilbo was the subject of a series of attacks by journalist Hodding Carter , Jr. , in his paper , the Greenville Delta Democrat-Times . Dismayed that the Supreme Court had ruled that white primaries were unconstitutional , he urged his white supporters to prevent black citizens from voting . At least half of all black citizens were prevented from voting in the primary due to threats of violence . He won that primary against three other opponents with 51.0 percent of the vote ; one of his rivals was Nelson Trimble Levings , who owned a Mississippi plantation and was an investment banker in New York City . As usual , Bilbo faced no Republican opposition in the 1946 general election . Based on a request by liberal Democratic Senator Glen H . Taylor of Idaho , the newly elected Republican majority in the United States Senate refused to seat Bilbo for the term to which he was elected because of his speeches . He was believed to have incited violence against blacks who wanted to vote in the South . In addition , a committee found that he had taken bribes . A filibuster by his supporters delayed the seating of the Senate for days . It was resolved when a supporter proposed that Bilbos credentials remain on the table while he returned home to Mississippi to seek medical treatment for oral cancer . Death . Bilbo retired to his Dream House estate in Poplarville , Mississippi , where he wrote and published a summary of his racial ideas entitled Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( Dream House Publishing Company , 1947 ) . His house , which served as the eponym and office of his publishing company , burned down in late fall that year , with the fire consuming many copies of the book . Bilbo died at the age of sixty-nine in New Orleans , Louisiana . On his deathbed he summoned Leon Louis , the editor of the black newspaper Negro South to make a statement : His funeral at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville was attended by five thousand mourners , including the governor and the junior senator . A bronze statue of Bilbo was placed in the rotunda of the Mississippi State Capitol building . It was relocated to another room , which is now frequently used by the Legislative Black Caucus . Some of the members use the statues outstretched arm as a coat rack . In popular culture . Bilbo was satirized multiple times in popular culture . - In 1946 he was the subject of Bob and Adrienne Claibornes song Listen Mr . Bilbo ( 1946 ) , sung by Pete Seeger . - Jack Webb devoted an episode of his crusading 1946 radio show One Out of Seven to attacking Bilbos racial views . He dramatized extracts from Bilbos speeches and letters attacking Negroes , Dagoes ( Italians ) , and Jews , while asserting after each extract some variation of .. . but Senator Bilbo is an honorable man . We do not intend to prove otherwise , a reference to Marc Antonys funeral oration in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar . - In 1947 he was the subject of blues song Bilbo Is Dead by Andrew Tibbs . - Bilbo is the subject of the talking blues song Talking Bilbo by Lee Hays , included in the ten-disc compilation Songs for Political Action curated by Bear Family Records . - He was also mentioned in the 1947 Gregory Peck film Gentlemans Agreement as an exemplar of bigotry . - In 2001 , Andy Duncan published the short story Senator Bilbo , which conflated Theodore Bilbos racial attitudes into a Lord of the Rings short story , about a hobbit Senator post the LOTR trilogy . Further reading . - Boulard , Garry , The Man vs . The Quisling : Theodore Bilbo , Hodding Carter and the 1946 Democratic Parimary , Journal of Mississippi History,1989 , 51 , 201β17 . - Cresswell , Stephen . Rednecks , Redeemers , And Race : Mississippi After Reconstruction , 1877β1917 ] , 2006 β excerpt and text search ] - Gehrke , Pat J . The Southern Association of Teachers of Speech v . Senator Theodore Bilbo : Restraint and Indirection as Rhetorical Strategies . Southern Communication Journal 2007 , 72 , 95β104 . - Giroux , Vincent A. , Jr . The Rise of Theodore G . Bilbo ( 1908β1932 ) , Journal of Mississippi History 1981 43 ( 3 ) : 180β209 , - Morgan , Chester M . Redneck Liberal : Theodore G . Bilbo and the New Deal , Louisiana State U . Press , 1985 . 274 pp . External links . - Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( 1946 ) . A compendium of segregationist arguments . - , Mississippi Department of Archives and History . Details Senate efforts to prevent Bilbo from resuming his seat in 1947 . - Bilbo Family History website
|
[
"Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi"
] |
[
{
"text": " Theodore Gilmore Bilbo ( October 13 , 1877August 21 , 1947 ) was an American politician who twice served as governor of Mississippi ( 1916β20 , 1928β32 ) and later was elected a U.S . Senator ( 1935β47 ) . A lifelong Democrat , he was a filibusterer whose name was synonymous with white supremacyβlike many Southern Democrats of his era , Bilbo believed that black people were inferior ; he defended segregation , and was a member of the Ku Klux Klan .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo was educated in rural Hancock County ( later Pearl River County ) . He attended Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee and Vanderbilt University Law School . After teaching school he attained admission to the bar in 1906 , and practiced in Poplarville . He then served in the Mississippi State Senate for four years , 1908 to 1912 .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo overcame accusations of accepting bribes and won election as lieutenant governor , a position he held from 1912 to 1916 . In 1915 , he was elected governor , and he served from 1916 to 1920 . During this term he earned accolades for enacting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , as well as increased spending on public works projects . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1920 .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo won election to the governorship again in 1927 , and served from 1928 to 1932 . During this term Bilbo caused controversy by attempting to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson . In another controversy , he aided Democratic nominee Al Smith in the 1928 presidential election by spreading the story that Republican nominee Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman ; Mississippi voters , considering whether to maintain their allegiance to the Democratic Party in light of Smiths Catholicism and support for the repeal of Prohibition , largely remained with Smith after Bilbos appeal",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "to racism .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "In 1930 , under Governor Bilbo , Mississippi introduced a sales taxβthe first American state to do so . In 1934 Bilbo won election to a seat in the United States Senate ; he served from 1935 until his death . In the Senate , Bilbo maintained his support for segregation and white supremacy ; he was also attracted to the ideas of the black separatist movement , considering it a potentially viable method of maintaining segregation . He died in a New Orleans hospital while undergoing treatment for cancer , and was buried at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo was of short stature ( ) , frequently wore bright , flashy clothing to draw attention to himself , and was nicknamed The Man because he tended to refer to himself in the third person . Bilbo was the author of a pro-segregation work , Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization . Education and family background .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "On October 13 , 1877 , Bilbo was born in the small town of Juniper Grove in Hancock ( later Pearl River ) County . His parents , Obedience Beedy ( nΓ©e Wallis or Wallace ) and James Oliver Bilbo , were of Scotch-Irish descent , and James was a farmer and veteran of the Confederate States Army who rose from poverty during Theodore Bilbos early years to become Vice President of the Poplarville National Bank . Theodore Bilbo obtained a scholarship to attend Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee , and later attended Vanderbilt University Law School ,",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "but did not graduate from either . He also taught school and worked at a drug store during his legal studies . During his teaching career , Bilbo was accused of being overly familiar with a female student . He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1906 , and began a law practice in Poplarville , Mississippi the following year .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " At Vanderbilt , though he had been admitted to the senior class , he left without graduating . He was accused of cheating on academics , but it appears more likely that he left school for financial reasons . Though these accusations never rose to the level of formal charges , they helped create the perception that Bilbo was profligate and dishonest .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " On November 5 , 1907 , Bilbo was elected to the Mississippi State Senate . He served there from 1908 to 1912 . In 1909 he attended non-credit summer courses at the University of Michigan Law School during a period when the legislature was not in session .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": "In 1910 , Bilbo attracted national attention in a bribery scandal . After the death of U.S . Senator James Gordon , the legislature was deadlocked in choosing between LeRoy Percy or former Governor James K . Vardaman as Gordons successor . After 58 ballots , on February 28 Bilbo was one of several candidates to break the stalemate by switching his vote to Percy , who won 87β82 . Bilbo told a grand jury the next day that he had accepted a $645 bribe from L . C . Dulaney , but that he had done so as part",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": "of a private investigation . The State Senate voted 28β10 to expel him from office , falling one vote short of the majority needed . The Senate passed a resolution β which did not require a majority β calling him unfit to sit with honest , upright men in a respectable legislative body .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": " During his subsequent campaign for lieutenant governor , Bilbo made a comment to Washington Dorsey Gibbs , a state senator from Yazoo City . Gibbs was insulted , and during the ensuing skirmish broke his cane over Bilbos head . But Bilbos campaign was successful , and he served as lieutenant governor from 1912 to 1916 . One of his first acts as lieutenant governor was to remove from the records the resolution calling him unfit to sit with honest men .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": " After serving as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi for four years , Bilbo was elected governor in 1915 . Cresswell ( 2006 ) argues that in his first term ( 1916β20 ) Bilbo had the most successful administration of all the governors who served between 1877 and 1917 , putting state finances in order and supporting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , a new charity hospital , and a board of bank examiners .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": "In his first term , his Progressive program was largely implemented . He was known as Bilbo the Builder because of his authorization of a state highway system , as well as lime-crushing plants , new dormitories at the Old Soldiers Home , a tuberculosis hospital and his work on eradication of the South American tick .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": " In 1916 he pushed through a law eliminating public hangings . The Haynes Report , a call to national action in response to race riots throughout the summer of 1919 , pointed to Bilbo as exemplifying the collective failure of the states to stop or even prosecute thousands of lawless executions over several decades . Before the mob lynching of John Hartfield in Ellisville , Miss. , on June 26 , 1919 , according to the report , Bilbo said in a speech : Campaign for US Congress .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": "The state constitution prohibited governors from having successive terms , so Bilbo chose to run for a seat in the U.S . House of Representatives in 1918 . During the campaign , a bout of Texas fever broke out among cattle ; Bilbo supported a program to dip cattle in insecticide to kill the ticks carrying the fever . Mississippi farmers were generally not happy about the idea , and Bilbo lost the primary to Paul B . Johnson Sr. .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": " Lee M . Russell , then Governor , had served as Bilbos lieutenant governor and was being sued by his former secretary , who accused him of breach of promise and of seducing and impregnating her . She had undergone an abortion that left her unable to have further children . Russell asked Bilbo to convince the woman not to sue . Bilbo was unsuccessful , but Russells secretary was unsuccessful in her suit as well .",
"title": "Russells paternity suit"
},
{
"text": "Judge Edwin R . Holmes asked Bilbo to submit documents pertinent to the case . Bilbo refused , and was later caught hiding in a barn to avoid a subpoena . Subsequently , he was sentenced to 30 days in prison for contempt of court and served 10 days behind bars . He also lost his bid to return to the governorship in 1923 .",
"title": "Russells paternity suit"
},
{
"text": " In 1927 , Bilbo was elected governor again after winning the Democratic primary election over Governor Dennis Murphree , who had succeeded to the top position from the lieutenant governorship on the death of Governor Henry L . Whitfield . The lieutenant governor in Bilbos last term as governor was lawyer Bidwell Adam , a strong party loyalist and a staunch segregationist from Pass Christian and later Gulfport , sometimes known as the firebrand from the Coast .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo criticized Murphree for calling out the Mississippi National Guard to prevent a lynching in Jackson , declaring that no black person was worthy of protection by the Guard .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": " He also tried to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson , although the idea never came to fruition . During the 1928 presidential election , Bilbo helped Al Smith ( D ) from New York to carry the state by a large margin . Conservative , Protestant Democratic voters were considering abandoning Smith because he was Catholic and because he supported the repeal of prohibition . Bilbo spread the rumor that Republican candidate Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman , which helped keep southern Democrats in Smiths column .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "In 1929 , Thomas G . Gunter of Benton County , MS was convicted of the murder of his son-in-law , Marlin Drew , on the testimony of his seven-year-old granddaughter , Dorothy Louise . He was sentenced to 5 years in prison .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "Three months later , after his daughter Pearl gave birth to her fourth child , she confessed that she had killed Marlin during an argument over the paternity of her then-unborn child , and requested that her 63-year-old father be pardoned . Pearl said she had coached Dorothy Louise to implicate her father . She added it was always her intention to tell the truth after the birth of her baby , and that she could not bear the thought of it beginning its life in prison . Governor Bilbo then granted Gunter a 90-day suspension of sentence as Pearl",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "was bound over for an appearance before the Grand Jury . After the Grand Jury indicted Pearl for murder and perjury , Pearl was arraigned and pled guilty . The judge , however , used his statutory discretion and suspended Pearls sentence .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "When Gunters 90-day suspension expired in Feb . 1930 , the governor denied his application for a pardon and ordered him to return to prison . The governor stated , βSomebody ought to be in the penitentiary all the time for the murder of a sleeping man . If Judge Pegram does not believe Mrs . Drew is guilty enough to serve her term , then the man convicted of her murder will have to serve his term . Husbands ought to have some protection.β Gunter , however , refused to return to the penitentiary and as of Feb .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "1931 when an account of the case was written , both he and Pearl had fled the state of Mississippi .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "In 1930 , Bilbo convened a meeting of the State Board of Universities and Colleges to approve his plans to dismiss 179 faculty members . Appearing before reporters after the meeting , he announced , Boys , weve just hung up a new record . Weve bounced three college presidents and made three new ones in the record time of two hours . And thats just the beginning of whats going to happen . The presidents of the University of Mississippi ( Ole Miss ) , Mississippi A & M ( later Mississippi State University ) , and the Mississippi",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "State College for Women were all fired and replaced , respectively , by a realtor , a press agent , and a recent B.A . degree-recipient . The Dean of the Medical School at Ole Miss was replaced by a man who once had a course in dentistry .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " The Association of American Universities and the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools then suspended recognition of degrees from all four of Mississippis state colleges . The American Medical Association voted to cancel the accreditation of the states college of medicine . The American Association of University Professors ( AAUP ) , meeting in Cleveland , passed a resolution that the remaining Mississippi professors would be regarded as retired members of the profession , after finding that their dismissals had been made for political considerations and without concern for the welfare of the students .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "During the crisis , Bilbo was burned in effigy by students at Ole Miss , but he was unconcerned about the states image . He made national headlines by giving an interview while sitting in a tub of hot water , soap in one hand , washrag in the other , and a cigar in his mouth . The lack of recognition continued until satisfactory evidence of improved conditions was provided to the AAUP and the other institutions in 1932 .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " In his final year of office , Bilbo and the legislature were at a stalemate , when he refused to sign their tax bills and the legislature refused to approve his tax bills . At the end of his term , the State of Mississippi was effectively bankrupt . The state treasury had only $1,326.57 in its coffers , and the state was $11.5 million in debt .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo , whose actions had halted U.S . Department of Agriculture funding of the agricultural school at Mississippi State , was hired as a consultant on public relations for the USDA for a short time . He clipped newspaper articles for a high salary , a reward from Senator Pat Harrison for Bilbos campaign support . Pundits dubbed him the Pastemaster General . Soon , Bilbo made plans to run for the U.S . Senate seat held by Hubert Stephens .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " In 1934 , Bilbo defeated Stephens to win a seat in the United States Senate . There he spoke against farmer murderers , poor-folks haters , shooters of widows and orphans , international well-poisoners , charity hospital destroyers , spitters on our heroic veterans , rich enemies of our public schools , private bankers who ought to come out in the open and let folks see what theyre doing , European debt-cancelers , unemployment makers , pacifists , Communists , munitions manufacturers , and skunks who steal Gideon Bibles from hotel rooms .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "In Washington , Bilbo feuded with Mississippi senior Senator Pat Harrison . Bilbo , whose base was among tenant farmers , hated the upper-class Harrison , who represented the rich planters and merchants . The feud started in 1936 when Harrison nominated Judge Holmes for the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals . Bilbo disliked Holmes , dating back to the Russell case , and spoke against him for five hours . Bilbo was the only Senator to vote no , and Holmes was confirmed .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Later that year , Harrison faced a primary challenge from former Governor Mike Conner . Bilbo supported Conner . Bilbos former law partner Stewart C . Sweep Clean Broom , campaigned for Harrison . Harrison won reelection .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "When the Senate majority leaders job opened up in 1937 , Harrison ran and faced a close contest with Kentuckys Alben Barkley . Harrisons campaign manager asked Bilbo to consider voting for Harrison . Bilbo said he would vote for Harrison only if Harrison asked him personally . When asked if he would make the personal appeal to Bilbo , Harrison replied , Tell the son of a bitch I wouldnt speak to him even if it meant the presidency of the United States . Harrison lost by one vote , 37-to-38 , and his reputation as the Senator who",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "wouldnt speak to his home-state colleague remained intact . Bilbo had taken revenge by voting against his fellow Mississippian .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "In the Senate , Bilbo supported Democratic President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal . Bilbos outspoken support of segregation and white supremacy was controversial in the Senate . Attracted by the ideas of black separatists such as Marcus Garvey , Bilbo proposed an amendment to the federal work-relief bill on June 6 , 1938 , which would have deported twelve million black Americans to Liberia at federal expense to relieve unemployment . Bilbo wrote a book advocating the idea . Garvey praised him in return , saying that Bilbo had done wonderfully well for the Negro . But Thomas W .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Harvey , a senior Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League leader in the US , distanced himself from Bilbo because of his racist speeches .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " The Democrats assigned Bilbo to what was considered the least important Senate committee , one on governance of the District of Columbia , to try to limit his influence . Bilbo , however , used his position to advance his white supremacist views . Bilbo was against giving any vote to district residents , especially as the districts black population was increasing because of the Great Migration . After re-election , he advanced to sufficient seniority to chair the committee , 1945β47 . He also served on the Pensions Committee , chairing it 1942β45 .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo revealed his membership in the Ku Klux Klan in an interview on the radio program Meet the Press . He said :",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " He was a prominent participant in the lengthy southern Democratic filibuster of the Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill before the Senate in 1938 . Bilbo said : Bilbo denounced Richard Wrights autobiography , Black Boy ( 1945 ) , on the Senate floor :",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo was outspoken in saying that blacks should not be allowed to vote anywhere in the United States , regardless of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution . Black World War II veterans complained of longstanding disfranchisement in the South , which Mississippi had achieved in 1890 by changes to its constitution related to electoral and voter registration rules , which the other Confederate states and Oklahoma followed with similar changes through 1910 , most of which survived court challenges . Bilbos campaign was accused of provoking violence related to voting .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Critics accused Bilbo of giving war contracts out to his friends . In 1946 , he wrote to General MacArthur that by MacArthurs role as the head of the Allied occupation of Japan that the Japanese should all be sterilized .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "During the 1946 Democratic Senate primary in Mississippi , his last race , Bilbo was the subject of a series of attacks by journalist Hodding Carter , Jr. , in his paper , the Greenville Delta Democrat-Times . Dismayed that the Supreme Court had ruled that white primaries were unconstitutional , he urged his white supporters to prevent black citizens from voting . At least half of all black citizens were prevented from voting in the primary due to threats of violence . He won that primary against three other opponents with 51.0 percent of the vote ; one of",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "his rivals was Nelson Trimble Levings , who owned a Mississippi plantation and was an investment banker in New York City . As usual , Bilbo faced no Republican opposition in the 1946 general election . Based on a request by liberal Democratic Senator Glen H . Taylor of Idaho , the newly elected Republican majority in the United States Senate refused to seat Bilbo for the term to which he was elected because of his speeches . He was believed to have incited violence against blacks who wanted to vote in the South . In addition , a committee",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "found that he had taken bribes . A filibuster by his supporters delayed the seating of the Senate for days . It was resolved when a supporter proposed that Bilbos credentials remain on the table while he returned home to Mississippi to seek medical treatment for oral cancer .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo retired to his Dream House estate in Poplarville , Mississippi , where he wrote and published a summary of his racial ideas entitled Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( Dream House Publishing Company , 1947 ) . His house , which served as the eponym and office of his publishing company , burned down in late fall that year , with the fire consuming many copies of the book .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo died at the age of sixty-nine in New Orleans , Louisiana . On his deathbed he summoned Leon Louis , the editor of the black newspaper Negro South to make a statement :",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " His funeral at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville was attended by five thousand mourners , including the governor and the junior senator . A bronze statue of Bilbo was placed in the rotunda of the Mississippi State Capitol building . It was relocated to another room , which is now frequently used by the Legislative Black Caucus . Some of the members use the statues outstretched arm as a coat rack .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo was satirized multiple times in popular culture . - In 1946 he was the subject of Bob and Adrienne Claibornes song Listen Mr . Bilbo ( 1946 ) , sung by Pete Seeger .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": "- Jack Webb devoted an episode of his crusading 1946 radio show One Out of Seven to attacking Bilbos racial views . He dramatized extracts from Bilbos speeches and letters attacking Negroes , Dagoes ( Italians ) , and Jews , while asserting after each extract some variation of .. . but Senator Bilbo is an honorable man . We do not intend to prove otherwise , a reference to Marc Antonys funeral oration in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": " - In 1947 he was the subject of blues song Bilbo Is Dead by Andrew Tibbs . - Bilbo is the subject of the talking blues song Talking Bilbo by Lee Hays , included in the ten-disc compilation Songs for Political Action curated by Bear Family Records . - He was also mentioned in the 1947 Gregory Peck film Gentlemans Agreement as an exemplar of bigotry .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": "- In 2001 , Andy Duncan published the short story Senator Bilbo , which conflated Theodore Bilbos racial attitudes into a Lord of the Rings short story , about a hobbit Senator post the LOTR trilogy .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": " - Boulard , Garry , The Man vs . The Quisling : Theodore Bilbo , Hodding Carter and the 1946 Democratic Parimary , Journal of Mississippi History,1989 , 51 , 201β17 . - Cresswell , Stephen . Rednecks , Redeemers , And Race : Mississippi After Reconstruction , 1877β1917 ] , 2006 β excerpt and text search ] - Gehrke , Pat J . The Southern Association of Teachers of Speech v . Senator Theodore Bilbo : Restraint and Indirection as Rhetorical Strategies . Southern Communication Journal 2007 , 72 , 95β104 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Giroux , Vincent A. , Jr . The Rise of Theodore G . Bilbo ( 1908β1932 ) , Journal of Mississippi History 1981 43 ( 3 ) : 180β209 ,",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Morgan , Chester M . Redneck Liberal : Theodore G . Bilbo and the New Deal , Louisiana State U . Press , 1985 . 274 pp .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( 1946 ) . A compendium of segregationist arguments . - , Mississippi Department of Archives and History . Details Senate efforts to prevent Bilbo from resuming his seat in 1947 . - Bilbo Family History website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Theodore_G._Bilbo#P39#1
|
What position did Theodore G. Bilbo take in late 1910s?
|
Theodore G . Bilbo Theodore Gilmore Bilbo ( October 13 , 1877August 21 , 1947 ) was an American politician who twice served as governor of Mississippi ( 1916β20 , 1928β32 ) and later was elected a U.S . Senator ( 1935β47 ) . A lifelong Democrat , he was a filibusterer whose name was synonymous with white supremacyβlike many Southern Democrats of his era , Bilbo believed that black people were inferior ; he defended segregation , and was a member of the Ku Klux Klan . Bilbo was educated in rural Hancock County ( later Pearl River County ) . He attended Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee and Vanderbilt University Law School . After teaching school he attained admission to the bar in 1906 , and practiced in Poplarville . He then served in the Mississippi State Senate for four years , 1908 to 1912 . Bilbo overcame accusations of accepting bribes and won election as lieutenant governor , a position he held from 1912 to 1916 . In 1915 , he was elected governor , and he served from 1916 to 1920 . During this term he earned accolades for enacting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , as well as increased spending on public works projects . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1920 . Bilbo won election to the governorship again in 1927 , and served from 1928 to 1932 . During this term Bilbo caused controversy by attempting to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson . In another controversy , he aided Democratic nominee Al Smith in the 1928 presidential election by spreading the story that Republican nominee Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman ; Mississippi voters , considering whether to maintain their allegiance to the Democratic Party in light of Smiths Catholicism and support for the repeal of Prohibition , largely remained with Smith after Bilbos appeal to racism . In 1930 , under Governor Bilbo , Mississippi introduced a sales taxβthe first American state to do so . In 1934 Bilbo won election to a seat in the United States Senate ; he served from 1935 until his death . In the Senate , Bilbo maintained his support for segregation and white supremacy ; he was also attracted to the ideas of the black separatist movement , considering it a potentially viable method of maintaining segregation . He died in a New Orleans hospital while undergoing treatment for cancer , and was buried at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville . Bilbo was of short stature ( ) , frequently wore bright , flashy clothing to draw attention to himself , and was nicknamed The Man because he tended to refer to himself in the third person . Bilbo was the author of a pro-segregation work , Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization . Education and family background . On October 13 , 1877 , Bilbo was born in the small town of Juniper Grove in Hancock ( later Pearl River ) County . His parents , Obedience Beedy ( nΓ©e Wallis or Wallace ) and James Oliver Bilbo , were of Scotch-Irish descent , and James was a farmer and veteran of the Confederate States Army who rose from poverty during Theodore Bilbos early years to become Vice President of the Poplarville National Bank . Theodore Bilbo obtained a scholarship to attend Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee , and later attended Vanderbilt University Law School , but did not graduate from either . He also taught school and worked at a drug store during his legal studies . During his teaching career , Bilbo was accused of being overly familiar with a female student . He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1906 , and began a law practice in Poplarville , Mississippi the following year . At Vanderbilt , though he had been admitted to the senior class , he left without graduating . He was accused of cheating on academics , but it appears more likely that he left school for financial reasons . Though these accusations never rose to the level of formal charges , they helped create the perception that Bilbo was profligate and dishonest . State Senate . On November 5 , 1907 , Bilbo was elected to the Mississippi State Senate . He served there from 1908 to 1912 . In 1909 he attended non-credit summer courses at the University of Michigan Law School during a period when the legislature was not in session . In 1910 , Bilbo attracted national attention in a bribery scandal . After the death of U.S . Senator James Gordon , the legislature was deadlocked in choosing between LeRoy Percy or former Governor James K . Vardaman as Gordons successor . After 58 ballots , on February 28 Bilbo was one of several candidates to break the stalemate by switching his vote to Percy , who won 87β82 . Bilbo told a grand jury the next day that he had accepted a $645 bribe from L . C . Dulaney , but that he had done so as part of a private investigation . The State Senate voted 28β10 to expel him from office , falling one vote short of the majority needed . The Senate passed a resolution β which did not require a majority β calling him unfit to sit with honest , upright men in a respectable legislative body . During his subsequent campaign for lieutenant governor , Bilbo made a comment to Washington Dorsey Gibbs , a state senator from Yazoo City . Gibbs was insulted , and during the ensuing skirmish broke his cane over Bilbos head . But Bilbos campaign was successful , and he served as lieutenant governor from 1912 to 1916 . One of his first acts as lieutenant governor was to remove from the records the resolution calling him unfit to sit with honest men . First governorship . After serving as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi for four years , Bilbo was elected governor in 1915 . Cresswell ( 2006 ) argues that in his first term ( 1916β20 ) Bilbo had the most successful administration of all the governors who served between 1877 and 1917 , putting state finances in order and supporting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , a new charity hospital , and a board of bank examiners . In his first term , his Progressive program was largely implemented . He was known as Bilbo the Builder because of his authorization of a state highway system , as well as lime-crushing plants , new dormitories at the Old Soldiers Home , a tuberculosis hospital and his work on eradication of the South American tick . In 1916 he pushed through a law eliminating public hangings . The Haynes Report , a call to national action in response to race riots throughout the summer of 1919 , pointed to Bilbo as exemplifying the collective failure of the states to stop or even prosecute thousands of lawless executions over several decades . Before the mob lynching of John Hartfield in Ellisville , Miss. , on June 26 , 1919 , according to the report , Bilbo said in a speech : Campaign for US Congress . The state constitution prohibited governors from having successive terms , so Bilbo chose to run for a seat in the U.S . House of Representatives in 1918 . During the campaign , a bout of Texas fever broke out among cattle ; Bilbo supported a program to dip cattle in insecticide to kill the ticks carrying the fever . Mississippi farmers were generally not happy about the idea , and Bilbo lost the primary to Paul B . Johnson Sr. . Russells paternity suit . Lee M . Russell , then Governor , had served as Bilbos lieutenant governor and was being sued by his former secretary , who accused him of breach of promise and of seducing and impregnating her . She had undergone an abortion that left her unable to have further children . Russell asked Bilbo to convince the woman not to sue . Bilbo was unsuccessful , but Russells secretary was unsuccessful in her suit as well . Judge Edwin R . Holmes asked Bilbo to submit documents pertinent to the case . Bilbo refused , and was later caught hiding in a barn to avoid a subpoena . Subsequently , he was sentenced to 30 days in prison for contempt of court and served 10 days behind bars . He also lost his bid to return to the governorship in 1923 . Second governorship . In 1927 , Bilbo was elected governor again after winning the Democratic primary election over Governor Dennis Murphree , who had succeeded to the top position from the lieutenant governorship on the death of Governor Henry L . Whitfield . The lieutenant governor in Bilbos last term as governor was lawyer Bidwell Adam , a strong party loyalist and a staunch segregationist from Pass Christian and later Gulfport , sometimes known as the firebrand from the Coast . Bilbo criticized Murphree for calling out the Mississippi National Guard to prevent a lynching in Jackson , declaring that no black person was worthy of protection by the Guard . He also tried to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson , although the idea never came to fruition . During the 1928 presidential election , Bilbo helped Al Smith ( D ) from New York to carry the state by a large margin . Conservative , Protestant Democratic voters were considering abandoning Smith because he was Catholic and because he supported the repeal of prohibition . Bilbo spread the rumor that Republican candidate Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman , which helped keep southern Democrats in Smiths column . In 1929 , Thomas G . Gunter of Benton County , MS was convicted of the murder of his son-in-law , Marlin Drew , on the testimony of his seven-year-old granddaughter , Dorothy Louise . He was sentenced to 5 years in prison . Three months later , after his daughter Pearl gave birth to her fourth child , she confessed that she had killed Marlin during an argument over the paternity of her then-unborn child , and requested that her 63-year-old father be pardoned . Pearl said she had coached Dorothy Louise to implicate her father . She added it was always her intention to tell the truth after the birth of her baby , and that she could not bear the thought of it beginning its life in prison . Governor Bilbo then granted Gunter a 90-day suspension of sentence as Pearl was bound over for an appearance before the Grand Jury . After the Grand Jury indicted Pearl for murder and perjury , Pearl was arraigned and pled guilty . The judge , however , used his statutory discretion and suspended Pearls sentence . When Gunters 90-day suspension expired in Feb . 1930 , the governor denied his application for a pardon and ordered him to return to prison . The governor stated , βSomebody ought to be in the penitentiary all the time for the murder of a sleeping man . If Judge Pegram does not believe Mrs . Drew is guilty enough to serve her term , then the man convicted of her murder will have to serve his term . Husbands ought to have some protection.β Gunter , however , refused to return to the penitentiary and as of Feb . 1931 when an account of the case was written , both he and Pearl had fled the state of Mississippi . Firing the professors . In 1930 , Bilbo convened a meeting of the State Board of Universities and Colleges to approve his plans to dismiss 179 faculty members . Appearing before reporters after the meeting , he announced , Boys , weve just hung up a new record . Weve bounced three college presidents and made three new ones in the record time of two hours . And thats just the beginning of whats going to happen . The presidents of the University of Mississippi ( Ole Miss ) , Mississippi A & M ( later Mississippi State University ) , and the Mississippi State College for Women were all fired and replaced , respectively , by a realtor , a press agent , and a recent B.A . degree-recipient . The Dean of the Medical School at Ole Miss was replaced by a man who once had a course in dentistry . The Association of American Universities and the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools then suspended recognition of degrees from all four of Mississippis state colleges . The American Medical Association voted to cancel the accreditation of the states college of medicine . The American Association of University Professors ( AAUP ) , meeting in Cleveland , passed a resolution that the remaining Mississippi professors would be regarded as retired members of the profession , after finding that their dismissals had been made for political considerations and without concern for the welfare of the students . During the crisis , Bilbo was burned in effigy by students at Ole Miss , but he was unconcerned about the states image . He made national headlines by giving an interview while sitting in a tub of hot water , soap in one hand , washrag in the other , and a cigar in his mouth . The lack of recognition continued until satisfactory evidence of improved conditions was provided to the AAUP and the other institutions in 1932 . In his final year of office , Bilbo and the legislature were at a stalemate , when he refused to sign their tax bills and the legislature refused to approve his tax bills . At the end of his term , the State of Mississippi was effectively bankrupt . The state treasury had only $1,326.57 in its coffers , and the state was $11.5 million in debt . Bilbo , whose actions had halted U.S . Department of Agriculture funding of the agricultural school at Mississippi State , was hired as a consultant on public relations for the USDA for a short time . He clipped newspaper articles for a high salary , a reward from Senator Pat Harrison for Bilbos campaign support . Pundits dubbed him the Pastemaster General . Soon , Bilbo made plans to run for the U.S . Senate seat held by Hubert Stephens . U.S . Senate . In 1934 , Bilbo defeated Stephens to win a seat in the United States Senate . There he spoke against farmer murderers , poor-folks haters , shooters of widows and orphans , international well-poisoners , charity hospital destroyers , spitters on our heroic veterans , rich enemies of our public schools , private bankers who ought to come out in the open and let folks see what theyre doing , European debt-cancelers , unemployment makers , pacifists , Communists , munitions manufacturers , and skunks who steal Gideon Bibles from hotel rooms . In Washington , Bilbo feuded with Mississippi senior Senator Pat Harrison . Bilbo , whose base was among tenant farmers , hated the upper-class Harrison , who represented the rich planters and merchants . The feud started in 1936 when Harrison nominated Judge Holmes for the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals . Bilbo disliked Holmes , dating back to the Russell case , and spoke against him for five hours . Bilbo was the only Senator to vote no , and Holmes was confirmed . Later that year , Harrison faced a primary challenge from former Governor Mike Conner . Bilbo supported Conner . Bilbos former law partner Stewart C . Sweep Clean Broom , campaigned for Harrison . Harrison won reelection . When the Senate majority leaders job opened up in 1937 , Harrison ran and faced a close contest with Kentuckys Alben Barkley . Harrisons campaign manager asked Bilbo to consider voting for Harrison . Bilbo said he would vote for Harrison only if Harrison asked him personally . When asked if he would make the personal appeal to Bilbo , Harrison replied , Tell the son of a bitch I wouldnt speak to him even if it meant the presidency of the United States . Harrison lost by one vote , 37-to-38 , and his reputation as the Senator who wouldnt speak to his home-state colleague remained intact . Bilbo had taken revenge by voting against his fellow Mississippian . In the Senate , Bilbo supported Democratic President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal . Bilbos outspoken support of segregation and white supremacy was controversial in the Senate . Attracted by the ideas of black separatists such as Marcus Garvey , Bilbo proposed an amendment to the federal work-relief bill on June 6 , 1938 , which would have deported twelve million black Americans to Liberia at federal expense to relieve unemployment . Bilbo wrote a book advocating the idea . Garvey praised him in return , saying that Bilbo had done wonderfully well for the Negro . But Thomas W . Harvey , a senior Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League leader in the US , distanced himself from Bilbo because of his racist speeches . The Democrats assigned Bilbo to what was considered the least important Senate committee , one on governance of the District of Columbia , to try to limit his influence . Bilbo , however , used his position to advance his white supremacist views . Bilbo was against giving any vote to district residents , especially as the districts black population was increasing because of the Great Migration . After re-election , he advanced to sufficient seniority to chair the committee , 1945β47 . He also served on the Pensions Committee , chairing it 1942β45 . Bilbo revealed his membership in the Ku Klux Klan in an interview on the radio program Meet the Press . He said : He was a prominent participant in the lengthy southern Democratic filibuster of the Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill before the Senate in 1938 . Bilbo said : Bilbo denounced Richard Wrights autobiography , Black Boy ( 1945 ) , on the Senate floor : Bilbo was outspoken in saying that blacks should not be allowed to vote anywhere in the United States , regardless of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution . Black World War II veterans complained of longstanding disfranchisement in the South , which Mississippi had achieved in 1890 by changes to its constitution related to electoral and voter registration rules , which the other Confederate states and Oklahoma followed with similar changes through 1910 , most of which survived court challenges . Bilbos campaign was accused of provoking violence related to voting . Critics accused Bilbo of giving war contracts out to his friends . In 1946 , he wrote to General MacArthur that by MacArthurs role as the head of the Allied occupation of Japan that the Japanese should all be sterilized . During the 1946 Democratic Senate primary in Mississippi , his last race , Bilbo was the subject of a series of attacks by journalist Hodding Carter , Jr. , in his paper , the Greenville Delta Democrat-Times . Dismayed that the Supreme Court had ruled that white primaries were unconstitutional , he urged his white supporters to prevent black citizens from voting . At least half of all black citizens were prevented from voting in the primary due to threats of violence . He won that primary against three other opponents with 51.0 percent of the vote ; one of his rivals was Nelson Trimble Levings , who owned a Mississippi plantation and was an investment banker in New York City . As usual , Bilbo faced no Republican opposition in the 1946 general election . Based on a request by liberal Democratic Senator Glen H . Taylor of Idaho , the newly elected Republican majority in the United States Senate refused to seat Bilbo for the term to which he was elected because of his speeches . He was believed to have incited violence against blacks who wanted to vote in the South . In addition , a committee found that he had taken bribes . A filibuster by his supporters delayed the seating of the Senate for days . It was resolved when a supporter proposed that Bilbos credentials remain on the table while he returned home to Mississippi to seek medical treatment for oral cancer . Death . Bilbo retired to his Dream House estate in Poplarville , Mississippi , where he wrote and published a summary of his racial ideas entitled Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( Dream House Publishing Company , 1947 ) . His house , which served as the eponym and office of his publishing company , burned down in late fall that year , with the fire consuming many copies of the book . Bilbo died at the age of sixty-nine in New Orleans , Louisiana . On his deathbed he summoned Leon Louis , the editor of the black newspaper Negro South to make a statement : His funeral at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville was attended by five thousand mourners , including the governor and the junior senator . A bronze statue of Bilbo was placed in the rotunda of the Mississippi State Capitol building . It was relocated to another room , which is now frequently used by the Legislative Black Caucus . Some of the members use the statues outstretched arm as a coat rack . In popular culture . Bilbo was satirized multiple times in popular culture . - In 1946 he was the subject of Bob and Adrienne Claibornes song Listen Mr . Bilbo ( 1946 ) , sung by Pete Seeger . - Jack Webb devoted an episode of his crusading 1946 radio show One Out of Seven to attacking Bilbos racial views . He dramatized extracts from Bilbos speeches and letters attacking Negroes , Dagoes ( Italians ) , and Jews , while asserting after each extract some variation of .. . but Senator Bilbo is an honorable man . We do not intend to prove otherwise , a reference to Marc Antonys funeral oration in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar . - In 1947 he was the subject of blues song Bilbo Is Dead by Andrew Tibbs . - Bilbo is the subject of the talking blues song Talking Bilbo by Lee Hays , included in the ten-disc compilation Songs for Political Action curated by Bear Family Records . - He was also mentioned in the 1947 Gregory Peck film Gentlemans Agreement as an exemplar of bigotry . - In 2001 , Andy Duncan published the short story Senator Bilbo , which conflated Theodore Bilbos racial attitudes into a Lord of the Rings short story , about a hobbit Senator post the LOTR trilogy . Further reading . - Boulard , Garry , The Man vs . The Quisling : Theodore Bilbo , Hodding Carter and the 1946 Democratic Parimary , Journal of Mississippi History,1989 , 51 , 201β17 . - Cresswell , Stephen . Rednecks , Redeemers , And Race : Mississippi After Reconstruction , 1877β1917 ] , 2006 β excerpt and text search ] - Gehrke , Pat J . The Southern Association of Teachers of Speech v . Senator Theodore Bilbo : Restraint and Indirection as Rhetorical Strategies . Southern Communication Journal 2007 , 72 , 95β104 . - Giroux , Vincent A. , Jr . The Rise of Theodore G . Bilbo ( 1908β1932 ) , Journal of Mississippi History 1981 43 ( 3 ) : 180β209 , - Morgan , Chester M . Redneck Liberal : Theodore G . Bilbo and the New Deal , Louisiana State U . Press , 1985 . 274 pp . External links . - Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( 1946 ) . A compendium of segregationist arguments . - , Mississippi Department of Archives and History . Details Senate efforts to prevent Bilbo from resuming his seat in 1947 . - Bilbo Family History website
|
[
"Governor of Mississippi"
] |
[
{
"text": " Theodore Gilmore Bilbo ( October 13 , 1877August 21 , 1947 ) was an American politician who twice served as governor of Mississippi ( 1916β20 , 1928β32 ) and later was elected a U.S . Senator ( 1935β47 ) . A lifelong Democrat , he was a filibusterer whose name was synonymous with white supremacyβlike many Southern Democrats of his era , Bilbo believed that black people were inferior ; he defended segregation , and was a member of the Ku Klux Klan .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo was educated in rural Hancock County ( later Pearl River County ) . He attended Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee and Vanderbilt University Law School . After teaching school he attained admission to the bar in 1906 , and practiced in Poplarville . He then served in the Mississippi State Senate for four years , 1908 to 1912 .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo overcame accusations of accepting bribes and won election as lieutenant governor , a position he held from 1912 to 1916 . In 1915 , he was elected governor , and he served from 1916 to 1920 . During this term he earned accolades for enacting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , as well as increased spending on public works projects . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1920 .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo won election to the governorship again in 1927 , and served from 1928 to 1932 . During this term Bilbo caused controversy by attempting to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson . In another controversy , he aided Democratic nominee Al Smith in the 1928 presidential election by spreading the story that Republican nominee Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman ; Mississippi voters , considering whether to maintain their allegiance to the Democratic Party in light of Smiths Catholicism and support for the repeal of Prohibition , largely remained with Smith after Bilbos appeal",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "to racism .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "In 1930 , under Governor Bilbo , Mississippi introduced a sales taxβthe first American state to do so . In 1934 Bilbo won election to a seat in the United States Senate ; he served from 1935 until his death . In the Senate , Bilbo maintained his support for segregation and white supremacy ; he was also attracted to the ideas of the black separatist movement , considering it a potentially viable method of maintaining segregation . He died in a New Orleans hospital while undergoing treatment for cancer , and was buried at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo was of short stature ( ) , frequently wore bright , flashy clothing to draw attention to himself , and was nicknamed The Man because he tended to refer to himself in the third person . Bilbo was the author of a pro-segregation work , Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization . Education and family background .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "On October 13 , 1877 , Bilbo was born in the small town of Juniper Grove in Hancock ( later Pearl River ) County . His parents , Obedience Beedy ( nΓ©e Wallis or Wallace ) and James Oliver Bilbo , were of Scotch-Irish descent , and James was a farmer and veteran of the Confederate States Army who rose from poverty during Theodore Bilbos early years to become Vice President of the Poplarville National Bank . Theodore Bilbo obtained a scholarship to attend Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee , and later attended Vanderbilt University Law School ,",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "but did not graduate from either . He also taught school and worked at a drug store during his legal studies . During his teaching career , Bilbo was accused of being overly familiar with a female student . He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1906 , and began a law practice in Poplarville , Mississippi the following year .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " At Vanderbilt , though he had been admitted to the senior class , he left without graduating . He was accused of cheating on academics , but it appears more likely that he left school for financial reasons . Though these accusations never rose to the level of formal charges , they helped create the perception that Bilbo was profligate and dishonest .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " On November 5 , 1907 , Bilbo was elected to the Mississippi State Senate . He served there from 1908 to 1912 . In 1909 he attended non-credit summer courses at the University of Michigan Law School during a period when the legislature was not in session .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": "In 1910 , Bilbo attracted national attention in a bribery scandal . After the death of U.S . Senator James Gordon , the legislature was deadlocked in choosing between LeRoy Percy or former Governor James K . Vardaman as Gordons successor . After 58 ballots , on February 28 Bilbo was one of several candidates to break the stalemate by switching his vote to Percy , who won 87β82 . Bilbo told a grand jury the next day that he had accepted a $645 bribe from L . C . Dulaney , but that he had done so as part",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": "of a private investigation . The State Senate voted 28β10 to expel him from office , falling one vote short of the majority needed . The Senate passed a resolution β which did not require a majority β calling him unfit to sit with honest , upright men in a respectable legislative body .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": " During his subsequent campaign for lieutenant governor , Bilbo made a comment to Washington Dorsey Gibbs , a state senator from Yazoo City . Gibbs was insulted , and during the ensuing skirmish broke his cane over Bilbos head . But Bilbos campaign was successful , and he served as lieutenant governor from 1912 to 1916 . One of his first acts as lieutenant governor was to remove from the records the resolution calling him unfit to sit with honest men .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": " After serving as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi for four years , Bilbo was elected governor in 1915 . Cresswell ( 2006 ) argues that in his first term ( 1916β20 ) Bilbo had the most successful administration of all the governors who served between 1877 and 1917 , putting state finances in order and supporting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , a new charity hospital , and a board of bank examiners .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": "In his first term , his Progressive program was largely implemented . He was known as Bilbo the Builder because of his authorization of a state highway system , as well as lime-crushing plants , new dormitories at the Old Soldiers Home , a tuberculosis hospital and his work on eradication of the South American tick .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": " In 1916 he pushed through a law eliminating public hangings . The Haynes Report , a call to national action in response to race riots throughout the summer of 1919 , pointed to Bilbo as exemplifying the collective failure of the states to stop or even prosecute thousands of lawless executions over several decades . Before the mob lynching of John Hartfield in Ellisville , Miss. , on June 26 , 1919 , according to the report , Bilbo said in a speech : Campaign for US Congress .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": "The state constitution prohibited governors from having successive terms , so Bilbo chose to run for a seat in the U.S . House of Representatives in 1918 . During the campaign , a bout of Texas fever broke out among cattle ; Bilbo supported a program to dip cattle in insecticide to kill the ticks carrying the fever . Mississippi farmers were generally not happy about the idea , and Bilbo lost the primary to Paul B . Johnson Sr. .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": " Lee M . Russell , then Governor , had served as Bilbos lieutenant governor and was being sued by his former secretary , who accused him of breach of promise and of seducing and impregnating her . She had undergone an abortion that left her unable to have further children . Russell asked Bilbo to convince the woman not to sue . Bilbo was unsuccessful , but Russells secretary was unsuccessful in her suit as well .",
"title": "Russells paternity suit"
},
{
"text": "Judge Edwin R . Holmes asked Bilbo to submit documents pertinent to the case . Bilbo refused , and was later caught hiding in a barn to avoid a subpoena . Subsequently , he was sentenced to 30 days in prison for contempt of court and served 10 days behind bars . He also lost his bid to return to the governorship in 1923 .",
"title": "Russells paternity suit"
},
{
"text": " In 1927 , Bilbo was elected governor again after winning the Democratic primary election over Governor Dennis Murphree , who had succeeded to the top position from the lieutenant governorship on the death of Governor Henry L . Whitfield . The lieutenant governor in Bilbos last term as governor was lawyer Bidwell Adam , a strong party loyalist and a staunch segregationist from Pass Christian and later Gulfport , sometimes known as the firebrand from the Coast .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo criticized Murphree for calling out the Mississippi National Guard to prevent a lynching in Jackson , declaring that no black person was worthy of protection by the Guard .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": " He also tried to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson , although the idea never came to fruition . During the 1928 presidential election , Bilbo helped Al Smith ( D ) from New York to carry the state by a large margin . Conservative , Protestant Democratic voters were considering abandoning Smith because he was Catholic and because he supported the repeal of prohibition . Bilbo spread the rumor that Republican candidate Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman , which helped keep southern Democrats in Smiths column .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "In 1929 , Thomas G . Gunter of Benton County , MS was convicted of the murder of his son-in-law , Marlin Drew , on the testimony of his seven-year-old granddaughter , Dorothy Louise . He was sentenced to 5 years in prison .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "Three months later , after his daughter Pearl gave birth to her fourth child , she confessed that she had killed Marlin during an argument over the paternity of her then-unborn child , and requested that her 63-year-old father be pardoned . Pearl said she had coached Dorothy Louise to implicate her father . She added it was always her intention to tell the truth after the birth of her baby , and that she could not bear the thought of it beginning its life in prison . Governor Bilbo then granted Gunter a 90-day suspension of sentence as Pearl",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "was bound over for an appearance before the Grand Jury . After the Grand Jury indicted Pearl for murder and perjury , Pearl was arraigned and pled guilty . The judge , however , used his statutory discretion and suspended Pearls sentence .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "When Gunters 90-day suspension expired in Feb . 1930 , the governor denied his application for a pardon and ordered him to return to prison . The governor stated , βSomebody ought to be in the penitentiary all the time for the murder of a sleeping man . If Judge Pegram does not believe Mrs . Drew is guilty enough to serve her term , then the man convicted of her murder will have to serve his term . Husbands ought to have some protection.β Gunter , however , refused to return to the penitentiary and as of Feb .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "1931 when an account of the case was written , both he and Pearl had fled the state of Mississippi .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "In 1930 , Bilbo convened a meeting of the State Board of Universities and Colleges to approve his plans to dismiss 179 faculty members . Appearing before reporters after the meeting , he announced , Boys , weve just hung up a new record . Weve bounced three college presidents and made three new ones in the record time of two hours . And thats just the beginning of whats going to happen . The presidents of the University of Mississippi ( Ole Miss ) , Mississippi A & M ( later Mississippi State University ) , and the Mississippi",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "State College for Women were all fired and replaced , respectively , by a realtor , a press agent , and a recent B.A . degree-recipient . The Dean of the Medical School at Ole Miss was replaced by a man who once had a course in dentistry .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " The Association of American Universities and the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools then suspended recognition of degrees from all four of Mississippis state colleges . The American Medical Association voted to cancel the accreditation of the states college of medicine . The American Association of University Professors ( AAUP ) , meeting in Cleveland , passed a resolution that the remaining Mississippi professors would be regarded as retired members of the profession , after finding that their dismissals had been made for political considerations and without concern for the welfare of the students .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "During the crisis , Bilbo was burned in effigy by students at Ole Miss , but he was unconcerned about the states image . He made national headlines by giving an interview while sitting in a tub of hot water , soap in one hand , washrag in the other , and a cigar in his mouth . The lack of recognition continued until satisfactory evidence of improved conditions was provided to the AAUP and the other institutions in 1932 .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " In his final year of office , Bilbo and the legislature were at a stalemate , when he refused to sign their tax bills and the legislature refused to approve his tax bills . At the end of his term , the State of Mississippi was effectively bankrupt . The state treasury had only $1,326.57 in its coffers , and the state was $11.5 million in debt .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo , whose actions had halted U.S . Department of Agriculture funding of the agricultural school at Mississippi State , was hired as a consultant on public relations for the USDA for a short time . He clipped newspaper articles for a high salary , a reward from Senator Pat Harrison for Bilbos campaign support . Pundits dubbed him the Pastemaster General . Soon , Bilbo made plans to run for the U.S . Senate seat held by Hubert Stephens .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " In 1934 , Bilbo defeated Stephens to win a seat in the United States Senate . There he spoke against farmer murderers , poor-folks haters , shooters of widows and orphans , international well-poisoners , charity hospital destroyers , spitters on our heroic veterans , rich enemies of our public schools , private bankers who ought to come out in the open and let folks see what theyre doing , European debt-cancelers , unemployment makers , pacifists , Communists , munitions manufacturers , and skunks who steal Gideon Bibles from hotel rooms .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "In Washington , Bilbo feuded with Mississippi senior Senator Pat Harrison . Bilbo , whose base was among tenant farmers , hated the upper-class Harrison , who represented the rich planters and merchants . The feud started in 1936 when Harrison nominated Judge Holmes for the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals . Bilbo disliked Holmes , dating back to the Russell case , and spoke against him for five hours . Bilbo was the only Senator to vote no , and Holmes was confirmed .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Later that year , Harrison faced a primary challenge from former Governor Mike Conner . Bilbo supported Conner . Bilbos former law partner Stewart C . Sweep Clean Broom , campaigned for Harrison . Harrison won reelection .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "When the Senate majority leaders job opened up in 1937 , Harrison ran and faced a close contest with Kentuckys Alben Barkley . Harrisons campaign manager asked Bilbo to consider voting for Harrison . Bilbo said he would vote for Harrison only if Harrison asked him personally . When asked if he would make the personal appeal to Bilbo , Harrison replied , Tell the son of a bitch I wouldnt speak to him even if it meant the presidency of the United States . Harrison lost by one vote , 37-to-38 , and his reputation as the Senator who",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "wouldnt speak to his home-state colleague remained intact . Bilbo had taken revenge by voting against his fellow Mississippian .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "In the Senate , Bilbo supported Democratic President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal . Bilbos outspoken support of segregation and white supremacy was controversial in the Senate . Attracted by the ideas of black separatists such as Marcus Garvey , Bilbo proposed an amendment to the federal work-relief bill on June 6 , 1938 , which would have deported twelve million black Americans to Liberia at federal expense to relieve unemployment . Bilbo wrote a book advocating the idea . Garvey praised him in return , saying that Bilbo had done wonderfully well for the Negro . But Thomas W .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Harvey , a senior Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League leader in the US , distanced himself from Bilbo because of his racist speeches .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " The Democrats assigned Bilbo to what was considered the least important Senate committee , one on governance of the District of Columbia , to try to limit his influence . Bilbo , however , used his position to advance his white supremacist views . Bilbo was against giving any vote to district residents , especially as the districts black population was increasing because of the Great Migration . After re-election , he advanced to sufficient seniority to chair the committee , 1945β47 . He also served on the Pensions Committee , chairing it 1942β45 .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo revealed his membership in the Ku Klux Klan in an interview on the radio program Meet the Press . He said :",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " He was a prominent participant in the lengthy southern Democratic filibuster of the Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill before the Senate in 1938 . Bilbo said : Bilbo denounced Richard Wrights autobiography , Black Boy ( 1945 ) , on the Senate floor :",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo was outspoken in saying that blacks should not be allowed to vote anywhere in the United States , regardless of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution . Black World War II veterans complained of longstanding disfranchisement in the South , which Mississippi had achieved in 1890 by changes to its constitution related to electoral and voter registration rules , which the other Confederate states and Oklahoma followed with similar changes through 1910 , most of which survived court challenges . Bilbos campaign was accused of provoking violence related to voting .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Critics accused Bilbo of giving war contracts out to his friends . In 1946 , he wrote to General MacArthur that by MacArthurs role as the head of the Allied occupation of Japan that the Japanese should all be sterilized .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "During the 1946 Democratic Senate primary in Mississippi , his last race , Bilbo was the subject of a series of attacks by journalist Hodding Carter , Jr. , in his paper , the Greenville Delta Democrat-Times . Dismayed that the Supreme Court had ruled that white primaries were unconstitutional , he urged his white supporters to prevent black citizens from voting . At least half of all black citizens were prevented from voting in the primary due to threats of violence . He won that primary against three other opponents with 51.0 percent of the vote ; one of",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "his rivals was Nelson Trimble Levings , who owned a Mississippi plantation and was an investment banker in New York City . As usual , Bilbo faced no Republican opposition in the 1946 general election . Based on a request by liberal Democratic Senator Glen H . Taylor of Idaho , the newly elected Republican majority in the United States Senate refused to seat Bilbo for the term to which he was elected because of his speeches . He was believed to have incited violence against blacks who wanted to vote in the South . In addition , a committee",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "found that he had taken bribes . A filibuster by his supporters delayed the seating of the Senate for days . It was resolved when a supporter proposed that Bilbos credentials remain on the table while he returned home to Mississippi to seek medical treatment for oral cancer .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo retired to his Dream House estate in Poplarville , Mississippi , where he wrote and published a summary of his racial ideas entitled Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( Dream House Publishing Company , 1947 ) . His house , which served as the eponym and office of his publishing company , burned down in late fall that year , with the fire consuming many copies of the book .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo died at the age of sixty-nine in New Orleans , Louisiana . On his deathbed he summoned Leon Louis , the editor of the black newspaper Negro South to make a statement :",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " His funeral at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville was attended by five thousand mourners , including the governor and the junior senator . A bronze statue of Bilbo was placed in the rotunda of the Mississippi State Capitol building . It was relocated to another room , which is now frequently used by the Legislative Black Caucus . Some of the members use the statues outstretched arm as a coat rack .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo was satirized multiple times in popular culture . - In 1946 he was the subject of Bob and Adrienne Claibornes song Listen Mr . Bilbo ( 1946 ) , sung by Pete Seeger .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": "- Jack Webb devoted an episode of his crusading 1946 radio show One Out of Seven to attacking Bilbos racial views . He dramatized extracts from Bilbos speeches and letters attacking Negroes , Dagoes ( Italians ) , and Jews , while asserting after each extract some variation of .. . but Senator Bilbo is an honorable man . We do not intend to prove otherwise , a reference to Marc Antonys funeral oration in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": " - In 1947 he was the subject of blues song Bilbo Is Dead by Andrew Tibbs . - Bilbo is the subject of the talking blues song Talking Bilbo by Lee Hays , included in the ten-disc compilation Songs for Political Action curated by Bear Family Records . - He was also mentioned in the 1947 Gregory Peck film Gentlemans Agreement as an exemplar of bigotry .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": "- In 2001 , Andy Duncan published the short story Senator Bilbo , which conflated Theodore Bilbos racial attitudes into a Lord of the Rings short story , about a hobbit Senator post the LOTR trilogy .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": " - Boulard , Garry , The Man vs . The Quisling : Theodore Bilbo , Hodding Carter and the 1946 Democratic Parimary , Journal of Mississippi History,1989 , 51 , 201β17 . - Cresswell , Stephen . Rednecks , Redeemers , And Race : Mississippi After Reconstruction , 1877β1917 ] , 2006 β excerpt and text search ] - Gehrke , Pat J . The Southern Association of Teachers of Speech v . Senator Theodore Bilbo : Restraint and Indirection as Rhetorical Strategies . Southern Communication Journal 2007 , 72 , 95β104 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Giroux , Vincent A. , Jr . The Rise of Theodore G . Bilbo ( 1908β1932 ) , Journal of Mississippi History 1981 43 ( 3 ) : 180β209 ,",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Morgan , Chester M . Redneck Liberal : Theodore G . Bilbo and the New Deal , Louisiana State U . Press , 1985 . 274 pp .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( 1946 ) . A compendium of segregationist arguments . - , Mississippi Department of Archives and History . Details Senate efforts to prevent Bilbo from resuming his seat in 1947 . - Bilbo Family History website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Theodore_G._Bilbo#P39#2
|
What position did Theodore G. Bilbo take in May 1929?
|
Theodore G . Bilbo Theodore Gilmore Bilbo ( October 13 , 1877August 21 , 1947 ) was an American politician who twice served as governor of Mississippi ( 1916β20 , 1928β32 ) and later was elected a U.S . Senator ( 1935β47 ) . A lifelong Democrat , he was a filibusterer whose name was synonymous with white supremacyβlike many Southern Democrats of his era , Bilbo believed that black people were inferior ; he defended segregation , and was a member of the Ku Klux Klan . Bilbo was educated in rural Hancock County ( later Pearl River County ) . He attended Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee and Vanderbilt University Law School . After teaching school he attained admission to the bar in 1906 , and practiced in Poplarville . He then served in the Mississippi State Senate for four years , 1908 to 1912 . Bilbo overcame accusations of accepting bribes and won election as lieutenant governor , a position he held from 1912 to 1916 . In 1915 , he was elected governor , and he served from 1916 to 1920 . During this term he earned accolades for enacting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , as well as increased spending on public works projects . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1920 . Bilbo won election to the governorship again in 1927 , and served from 1928 to 1932 . During this term Bilbo caused controversy by attempting to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson . In another controversy , he aided Democratic nominee Al Smith in the 1928 presidential election by spreading the story that Republican nominee Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman ; Mississippi voters , considering whether to maintain their allegiance to the Democratic Party in light of Smiths Catholicism and support for the repeal of Prohibition , largely remained with Smith after Bilbos appeal to racism . In 1930 , under Governor Bilbo , Mississippi introduced a sales taxβthe first American state to do so . In 1934 Bilbo won election to a seat in the United States Senate ; he served from 1935 until his death . In the Senate , Bilbo maintained his support for segregation and white supremacy ; he was also attracted to the ideas of the black separatist movement , considering it a potentially viable method of maintaining segregation . He died in a New Orleans hospital while undergoing treatment for cancer , and was buried at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville . Bilbo was of short stature ( ) , frequently wore bright , flashy clothing to draw attention to himself , and was nicknamed The Man because he tended to refer to himself in the third person . Bilbo was the author of a pro-segregation work , Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization . Education and family background . On October 13 , 1877 , Bilbo was born in the small town of Juniper Grove in Hancock ( later Pearl River ) County . His parents , Obedience Beedy ( nΓ©e Wallis or Wallace ) and James Oliver Bilbo , were of Scotch-Irish descent , and James was a farmer and veteran of the Confederate States Army who rose from poverty during Theodore Bilbos early years to become Vice President of the Poplarville National Bank . Theodore Bilbo obtained a scholarship to attend Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee , and later attended Vanderbilt University Law School , but did not graduate from either . He also taught school and worked at a drug store during his legal studies . During his teaching career , Bilbo was accused of being overly familiar with a female student . He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1906 , and began a law practice in Poplarville , Mississippi the following year . At Vanderbilt , though he had been admitted to the senior class , he left without graduating . He was accused of cheating on academics , but it appears more likely that he left school for financial reasons . Though these accusations never rose to the level of formal charges , they helped create the perception that Bilbo was profligate and dishonest . State Senate . On November 5 , 1907 , Bilbo was elected to the Mississippi State Senate . He served there from 1908 to 1912 . In 1909 he attended non-credit summer courses at the University of Michigan Law School during a period when the legislature was not in session . In 1910 , Bilbo attracted national attention in a bribery scandal . After the death of U.S . Senator James Gordon , the legislature was deadlocked in choosing between LeRoy Percy or former Governor James K . Vardaman as Gordons successor . After 58 ballots , on February 28 Bilbo was one of several candidates to break the stalemate by switching his vote to Percy , who won 87β82 . Bilbo told a grand jury the next day that he had accepted a $645 bribe from L . C . Dulaney , but that he had done so as part of a private investigation . The State Senate voted 28β10 to expel him from office , falling one vote short of the majority needed . The Senate passed a resolution β which did not require a majority β calling him unfit to sit with honest , upright men in a respectable legislative body . During his subsequent campaign for lieutenant governor , Bilbo made a comment to Washington Dorsey Gibbs , a state senator from Yazoo City . Gibbs was insulted , and during the ensuing skirmish broke his cane over Bilbos head . But Bilbos campaign was successful , and he served as lieutenant governor from 1912 to 1916 . One of his first acts as lieutenant governor was to remove from the records the resolution calling him unfit to sit with honest men . First governorship . After serving as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi for four years , Bilbo was elected governor in 1915 . Cresswell ( 2006 ) argues that in his first term ( 1916β20 ) Bilbo had the most successful administration of all the governors who served between 1877 and 1917 , putting state finances in order and supporting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , a new charity hospital , and a board of bank examiners . In his first term , his Progressive program was largely implemented . He was known as Bilbo the Builder because of his authorization of a state highway system , as well as lime-crushing plants , new dormitories at the Old Soldiers Home , a tuberculosis hospital and his work on eradication of the South American tick . In 1916 he pushed through a law eliminating public hangings . The Haynes Report , a call to national action in response to race riots throughout the summer of 1919 , pointed to Bilbo as exemplifying the collective failure of the states to stop or even prosecute thousands of lawless executions over several decades . Before the mob lynching of John Hartfield in Ellisville , Miss. , on June 26 , 1919 , according to the report , Bilbo said in a speech : Campaign for US Congress . The state constitution prohibited governors from having successive terms , so Bilbo chose to run for a seat in the U.S . House of Representatives in 1918 . During the campaign , a bout of Texas fever broke out among cattle ; Bilbo supported a program to dip cattle in insecticide to kill the ticks carrying the fever . Mississippi farmers were generally not happy about the idea , and Bilbo lost the primary to Paul B . Johnson Sr. . Russells paternity suit . Lee M . Russell , then Governor , had served as Bilbos lieutenant governor and was being sued by his former secretary , who accused him of breach of promise and of seducing and impregnating her . She had undergone an abortion that left her unable to have further children . Russell asked Bilbo to convince the woman not to sue . Bilbo was unsuccessful , but Russells secretary was unsuccessful in her suit as well . Judge Edwin R . Holmes asked Bilbo to submit documents pertinent to the case . Bilbo refused , and was later caught hiding in a barn to avoid a subpoena . Subsequently , he was sentenced to 30 days in prison for contempt of court and served 10 days behind bars . He also lost his bid to return to the governorship in 1923 . Second governorship . In 1927 , Bilbo was elected governor again after winning the Democratic primary election over Governor Dennis Murphree , who had succeeded to the top position from the lieutenant governorship on the death of Governor Henry L . Whitfield . The lieutenant governor in Bilbos last term as governor was lawyer Bidwell Adam , a strong party loyalist and a staunch segregationist from Pass Christian and later Gulfport , sometimes known as the firebrand from the Coast . Bilbo criticized Murphree for calling out the Mississippi National Guard to prevent a lynching in Jackson , declaring that no black person was worthy of protection by the Guard . He also tried to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson , although the idea never came to fruition . During the 1928 presidential election , Bilbo helped Al Smith ( D ) from New York to carry the state by a large margin . Conservative , Protestant Democratic voters were considering abandoning Smith because he was Catholic and because he supported the repeal of prohibition . Bilbo spread the rumor that Republican candidate Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman , which helped keep southern Democrats in Smiths column . In 1929 , Thomas G . Gunter of Benton County , MS was convicted of the murder of his son-in-law , Marlin Drew , on the testimony of his seven-year-old granddaughter , Dorothy Louise . He was sentenced to 5 years in prison . Three months later , after his daughter Pearl gave birth to her fourth child , she confessed that she had killed Marlin during an argument over the paternity of her then-unborn child , and requested that her 63-year-old father be pardoned . Pearl said she had coached Dorothy Louise to implicate her father . She added it was always her intention to tell the truth after the birth of her baby , and that she could not bear the thought of it beginning its life in prison . Governor Bilbo then granted Gunter a 90-day suspension of sentence as Pearl was bound over for an appearance before the Grand Jury . After the Grand Jury indicted Pearl for murder and perjury , Pearl was arraigned and pled guilty . The judge , however , used his statutory discretion and suspended Pearls sentence . When Gunters 90-day suspension expired in Feb . 1930 , the governor denied his application for a pardon and ordered him to return to prison . The governor stated , βSomebody ought to be in the penitentiary all the time for the murder of a sleeping man . If Judge Pegram does not believe Mrs . Drew is guilty enough to serve her term , then the man convicted of her murder will have to serve his term . Husbands ought to have some protection.β Gunter , however , refused to return to the penitentiary and as of Feb . 1931 when an account of the case was written , both he and Pearl had fled the state of Mississippi . Firing the professors . In 1930 , Bilbo convened a meeting of the State Board of Universities and Colleges to approve his plans to dismiss 179 faculty members . Appearing before reporters after the meeting , he announced , Boys , weve just hung up a new record . Weve bounced three college presidents and made three new ones in the record time of two hours . And thats just the beginning of whats going to happen . The presidents of the University of Mississippi ( Ole Miss ) , Mississippi A & M ( later Mississippi State University ) , and the Mississippi State College for Women were all fired and replaced , respectively , by a realtor , a press agent , and a recent B.A . degree-recipient . The Dean of the Medical School at Ole Miss was replaced by a man who once had a course in dentistry . The Association of American Universities and the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools then suspended recognition of degrees from all four of Mississippis state colleges . The American Medical Association voted to cancel the accreditation of the states college of medicine . The American Association of University Professors ( AAUP ) , meeting in Cleveland , passed a resolution that the remaining Mississippi professors would be regarded as retired members of the profession , after finding that their dismissals had been made for political considerations and without concern for the welfare of the students . During the crisis , Bilbo was burned in effigy by students at Ole Miss , but he was unconcerned about the states image . He made national headlines by giving an interview while sitting in a tub of hot water , soap in one hand , washrag in the other , and a cigar in his mouth . The lack of recognition continued until satisfactory evidence of improved conditions was provided to the AAUP and the other institutions in 1932 . In his final year of office , Bilbo and the legislature were at a stalemate , when he refused to sign their tax bills and the legislature refused to approve his tax bills . At the end of his term , the State of Mississippi was effectively bankrupt . The state treasury had only $1,326.57 in its coffers , and the state was $11.5 million in debt . Bilbo , whose actions had halted U.S . Department of Agriculture funding of the agricultural school at Mississippi State , was hired as a consultant on public relations for the USDA for a short time . He clipped newspaper articles for a high salary , a reward from Senator Pat Harrison for Bilbos campaign support . Pundits dubbed him the Pastemaster General . Soon , Bilbo made plans to run for the U.S . Senate seat held by Hubert Stephens . U.S . Senate . In 1934 , Bilbo defeated Stephens to win a seat in the United States Senate . There he spoke against farmer murderers , poor-folks haters , shooters of widows and orphans , international well-poisoners , charity hospital destroyers , spitters on our heroic veterans , rich enemies of our public schools , private bankers who ought to come out in the open and let folks see what theyre doing , European debt-cancelers , unemployment makers , pacifists , Communists , munitions manufacturers , and skunks who steal Gideon Bibles from hotel rooms . In Washington , Bilbo feuded with Mississippi senior Senator Pat Harrison . Bilbo , whose base was among tenant farmers , hated the upper-class Harrison , who represented the rich planters and merchants . The feud started in 1936 when Harrison nominated Judge Holmes for the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals . Bilbo disliked Holmes , dating back to the Russell case , and spoke against him for five hours . Bilbo was the only Senator to vote no , and Holmes was confirmed . Later that year , Harrison faced a primary challenge from former Governor Mike Conner . Bilbo supported Conner . Bilbos former law partner Stewart C . Sweep Clean Broom , campaigned for Harrison . Harrison won reelection . When the Senate majority leaders job opened up in 1937 , Harrison ran and faced a close contest with Kentuckys Alben Barkley . Harrisons campaign manager asked Bilbo to consider voting for Harrison . Bilbo said he would vote for Harrison only if Harrison asked him personally . When asked if he would make the personal appeal to Bilbo , Harrison replied , Tell the son of a bitch I wouldnt speak to him even if it meant the presidency of the United States . Harrison lost by one vote , 37-to-38 , and his reputation as the Senator who wouldnt speak to his home-state colleague remained intact . Bilbo had taken revenge by voting against his fellow Mississippian . In the Senate , Bilbo supported Democratic President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal . Bilbos outspoken support of segregation and white supremacy was controversial in the Senate . Attracted by the ideas of black separatists such as Marcus Garvey , Bilbo proposed an amendment to the federal work-relief bill on June 6 , 1938 , which would have deported twelve million black Americans to Liberia at federal expense to relieve unemployment . Bilbo wrote a book advocating the idea . Garvey praised him in return , saying that Bilbo had done wonderfully well for the Negro . But Thomas W . Harvey , a senior Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League leader in the US , distanced himself from Bilbo because of his racist speeches . The Democrats assigned Bilbo to what was considered the least important Senate committee , one on governance of the District of Columbia , to try to limit his influence . Bilbo , however , used his position to advance his white supremacist views . Bilbo was against giving any vote to district residents , especially as the districts black population was increasing because of the Great Migration . After re-election , he advanced to sufficient seniority to chair the committee , 1945β47 . He also served on the Pensions Committee , chairing it 1942β45 . Bilbo revealed his membership in the Ku Klux Klan in an interview on the radio program Meet the Press . He said : He was a prominent participant in the lengthy southern Democratic filibuster of the Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill before the Senate in 1938 . Bilbo said : Bilbo denounced Richard Wrights autobiography , Black Boy ( 1945 ) , on the Senate floor : Bilbo was outspoken in saying that blacks should not be allowed to vote anywhere in the United States , regardless of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution . Black World War II veterans complained of longstanding disfranchisement in the South , which Mississippi had achieved in 1890 by changes to its constitution related to electoral and voter registration rules , which the other Confederate states and Oklahoma followed with similar changes through 1910 , most of which survived court challenges . Bilbos campaign was accused of provoking violence related to voting . Critics accused Bilbo of giving war contracts out to his friends . In 1946 , he wrote to General MacArthur that by MacArthurs role as the head of the Allied occupation of Japan that the Japanese should all be sterilized . During the 1946 Democratic Senate primary in Mississippi , his last race , Bilbo was the subject of a series of attacks by journalist Hodding Carter , Jr. , in his paper , the Greenville Delta Democrat-Times . Dismayed that the Supreme Court had ruled that white primaries were unconstitutional , he urged his white supporters to prevent black citizens from voting . At least half of all black citizens were prevented from voting in the primary due to threats of violence . He won that primary against three other opponents with 51.0 percent of the vote ; one of his rivals was Nelson Trimble Levings , who owned a Mississippi plantation and was an investment banker in New York City . As usual , Bilbo faced no Republican opposition in the 1946 general election . Based on a request by liberal Democratic Senator Glen H . Taylor of Idaho , the newly elected Republican majority in the United States Senate refused to seat Bilbo for the term to which he was elected because of his speeches . He was believed to have incited violence against blacks who wanted to vote in the South . In addition , a committee found that he had taken bribes . A filibuster by his supporters delayed the seating of the Senate for days . It was resolved when a supporter proposed that Bilbos credentials remain on the table while he returned home to Mississippi to seek medical treatment for oral cancer . Death . Bilbo retired to his Dream House estate in Poplarville , Mississippi , where he wrote and published a summary of his racial ideas entitled Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( Dream House Publishing Company , 1947 ) . His house , which served as the eponym and office of his publishing company , burned down in late fall that year , with the fire consuming many copies of the book . Bilbo died at the age of sixty-nine in New Orleans , Louisiana . On his deathbed he summoned Leon Louis , the editor of the black newspaper Negro South to make a statement : His funeral at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville was attended by five thousand mourners , including the governor and the junior senator . A bronze statue of Bilbo was placed in the rotunda of the Mississippi State Capitol building . It was relocated to another room , which is now frequently used by the Legislative Black Caucus . Some of the members use the statues outstretched arm as a coat rack . In popular culture . Bilbo was satirized multiple times in popular culture . - In 1946 he was the subject of Bob and Adrienne Claibornes song Listen Mr . Bilbo ( 1946 ) , sung by Pete Seeger . - Jack Webb devoted an episode of his crusading 1946 radio show One Out of Seven to attacking Bilbos racial views . He dramatized extracts from Bilbos speeches and letters attacking Negroes , Dagoes ( Italians ) , and Jews , while asserting after each extract some variation of .. . but Senator Bilbo is an honorable man . We do not intend to prove otherwise , a reference to Marc Antonys funeral oration in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar . - In 1947 he was the subject of blues song Bilbo Is Dead by Andrew Tibbs . - Bilbo is the subject of the talking blues song Talking Bilbo by Lee Hays , included in the ten-disc compilation Songs for Political Action curated by Bear Family Records . - He was also mentioned in the 1947 Gregory Peck film Gentlemans Agreement as an exemplar of bigotry . - In 2001 , Andy Duncan published the short story Senator Bilbo , which conflated Theodore Bilbos racial attitudes into a Lord of the Rings short story , about a hobbit Senator post the LOTR trilogy . Further reading . - Boulard , Garry , The Man vs . The Quisling : Theodore Bilbo , Hodding Carter and the 1946 Democratic Parimary , Journal of Mississippi History,1989 , 51 , 201β17 . - Cresswell , Stephen . Rednecks , Redeemers , And Race : Mississippi After Reconstruction , 1877β1917 ] , 2006 β excerpt and text search ] - Gehrke , Pat J . The Southern Association of Teachers of Speech v . Senator Theodore Bilbo : Restraint and Indirection as Rhetorical Strategies . Southern Communication Journal 2007 , 72 , 95β104 . - Giroux , Vincent A. , Jr . The Rise of Theodore G . Bilbo ( 1908β1932 ) , Journal of Mississippi History 1981 43 ( 3 ) : 180β209 , - Morgan , Chester M . Redneck Liberal : Theodore G . Bilbo and the New Deal , Louisiana State U . Press , 1985 . 274 pp . External links . - Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( 1946 ) . A compendium of segregationist arguments . - , Mississippi Department of Archives and History . Details Senate efforts to prevent Bilbo from resuming his seat in 1947 . - Bilbo Family History website
|
[
"Governor of Mississippi"
] |
[
{
"text": " Theodore Gilmore Bilbo ( October 13 , 1877August 21 , 1947 ) was an American politician who twice served as governor of Mississippi ( 1916β20 , 1928β32 ) and later was elected a U.S . Senator ( 1935β47 ) . A lifelong Democrat , he was a filibusterer whose name was synonymous with white supremacyβlike many Southern Democrats of his era , Bilbo believed that black people were inferior ; he defended segregation , and was a member of the Ku Klux Klan .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo was educated in rural Hancock County ( later Pearl River County ) . He attended Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee and Vanderbilt University Law School . After teaching school he attained admission to the bar in 1906 , and practiced in Poplarville . He then served in the Mississippi State Senate for four years , 1908 to 1912 .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo overcame accusations of accepting bribes and won election as lieutenant governor , a position he held from 1912 to 1916 . In 1915 , he was elected governor , and he served from 1916 to 1920 . During this term he earned accolades for enacting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , as well as increased spending on public works projects . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1920 .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo won election to the governorship again in 1927 , and served from 1928 to 1932 . During this term Bilbo caused controversy by attempting to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson . In another controversy , he aided Democratic nominee Al Smith in the 1928 presidential election by spreading the story that Republican nominee Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman ; Mississippi voters , considering whether to maintain their allegiance to the Democratic Party in light of Smiths Catholicism and support for the repeal of Prohibition , largely remained with Smith after Bilbos appeal",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "to racism .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "In 1930 , under Governor Bilbo , Mississippi introduced a sales taxβthe first American state to do so . In 1934 Bilbo won election to a seat in the United States Senate ; he served from 1935 until his death . In the Senate , Bilbo maintained his support for segregation and white supremacy ; he was also attracted to the ideas of the black separatist movement , considering it a potentially viable method of maintaining segregation . He died in a New Orleans hospital while undergoing treatment for cancer , and was buried at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo was of short stature ( ) , frequently wore bright , flashy clothing to draw attention to himself , and was nicknamed The Man because he tended to refer to himself in the third person . Bilbo was the author of a pro-segregation work , Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization . Education and family background .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "On October 13 , 1877 , Bilbo was born in the small town of Juniper Grove in Hancock ( later Pearl River ) County . His parents , Obedience Beedy ( nΓ©e Wallis or Wallace ) and James Oliver Bilbo , were of Scotch-Irish descent , and James was a farmer and veteran of the Confederate States Army who rose from poverty during Theodore Bilbos early years to become Vice President of the Poplarville National Bank . Theodore Bilbo obtained a scholarship to attend Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee , and later attended Vanderbilt University Law School ,",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "but did not graduate from either . He also taught school and worked at a drug store during his legal studies . During his teaching career , Bilbo was accused of being overly familiar with a female student . He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1906 , and began a law practice in Poplarville , Mississippi the following year .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " At Vanderbilt , though he had been admitted to the senior class , he left without graduating . He was accused of cheating on academics , but it appears more likely that he left school for financial reasons . Though these accusations never rose to the level of formal charges , they helped create the perception that Bilbo was profligate and dishonest .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " On November 5 , 1907 , Bilbo was elected to the Mississippi State Senate . He served there from 1908 to 1912 . In 1909 he attended non-credit summer courses at the University of Michigan Law School during a period when the legislature was not in session .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": "In 1910 , Bilbo attracted national attention in a bribery scandal . After the death of U.S . Senator James Gordon , the legislature was deadlocked in choosing between LeRoy Percy or former Governor James K . Vardaman as Gordons successor . After 58 ballots , on February 28 Bilbo was one of several candidates to break the stalemate by switching his vote to Percy , who won 87β82 . Bilbo told a grand jury the next day that he had accepted a $645 bribe from L . C . Dulaney , but that he had done so as part",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": "of a private investigation . The State Senate voted 28β10 to expel him from office , falling one vote short of the majority needed . The Senate passed a resolution β which did not require a majority β calling him unfit to sit with honest , upright men in a respectable legislative body .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": " During his subsequent campaign for lieutenant governor , Bilbo made a comment to Washington Dorsey Gibbs , a state senator from Yazoo City . Gibbs was insulted , and during the ensuing skirmish broke his cane over Bilbos head . But Bilbos campaign was successful , and he served as lieutenant governor from 1912 to 1916 . One of his first acts as lieutenant governor was to remove from the records the resolution calling him unfit to sit with honest men .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": " After serving as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi for four years , Bilbo was elected governor in 1915 . Cresswell ( 2006 ) argues that in his first term ( 1916β20 ) Bilbo had the most successful administration of all the governors who served between 1877 and 1917 , putting state finances in order and supporting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , a new charity hospital , and a board of bank examiners .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": "In his first term , his Progressive program was largely implemented . He was known as Bilbo the Builder because of his authorization of a state highway system , as well as lime-crushing plants , new dormitories at the Old Soldiers Home , a tuberculosis hospital and his work on eradication of the South American tick .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": " In 1916 he pushed through a law eliminating public hangings . The Haynes Report , a call to national action in response to race riots throughout the summer of 1919 , pointed to Bilbo as exemplifying the collective failure of the states to stop or even prosecute thousands of lawless executions over several decades . Before the mob lynching of John Hartfield in Ellisville , Miss. , on June 26 , 1919 , according to the report , Bilbo said in a speech : Campaign for US Congress .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": "The state constitution prohibited governors from having successive terms , so Bilbo chose to run for a seat in the U.S . House of Representatives in 1918 . During the campaign , a bout of Texas fever broke out among cattle ; Bilbo supported a program to dip cattle in insecticide to kill the ticks carrying the fever . Mississippi farmers were generally not happy about the idea , and Bilbo lost the primary to Paul B . Johnson Sr. .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": " Lee M . Russell , then Governor , had served as Bilbos lieutenant governor and was being sued by his former secretary , who accused him of breach of promise and of seducing and impregnating her . She had undergone an abortion that left her unable to have further children . Russell asked Bilbo to convince the woman not to sue . Bilbo was unsuccessful , but Russells secretary was unsuccessful in her suit as well .",
"title": "Russells paternity suit"
},
{
"text": "Judge Edwin R . Holmes asked Bilbo to submit documents pertinent to the case . Bilbo refused , and was later caught hiding in a barn to avoid a subpoena . Subsequently , he was sentenced to 30 days in prison for contempt of court and served 10 days behind bars . He also lost his bid to return to the governorship in 1923 .",
"title": "Russells paternity suit"
},
{
"text": " In 1927 , Bilbo was elected governor again after winning the Democratic primary election over Governor Dennis Murphree , who had succeeded to the top position from the lieutenant governorship on the death of Governor Henry L . Whitfield . The lieutenant governor in Bilbos last term as governor was lawyer Bidwell Adam , a strong party loyalist and a staunch segregationist from Pass Christian and later Gulfport , sometimes known as the firebrand from the Coast .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo criticized Murphree for calling out the Mississippi National Guard to prevent a lynching in Jackson , declaring that no black person was worthy of protection by the Guard .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": " He also tried to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson , although the idea never came to fruition . During the 1928 presidential election , Bilbo helped Al Smith ( D ) from New York to carry the state by a large margin . Conservative , Protestant Democratic voters were considering abandoning Smith because he was Catholic and because he supported the repeal of prohibition . Bilbo spread the rumor that Republican candidate Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman , which helped keep southern Democrats in Smiths column .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "In 1929 , Thomas G . Gunter of Benton County , MS was convicted of the murder of his son-in-law , Marlin Drew , on the testimony of his seven-year-old granddaughter , Dorothy Louise . He was sentenced to 5 years in prison .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "Three months later , after his daughter Pearl gave birth to her fourth child , she confessed that she had killed Marlin during an argument over the paternity of her then-unborn child , and requested that her 63-year-old father be pardoned . Pearl said she had coached Dorothy Louise to implicate her father . She added it was always her intention to tell the truth after the birth of her baby , and that she could not bear the thought of it beginning its life in prison . Governor Bilbo then granted Gunter a 90-day suspension of sentence as Pearl",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "was bound over for an appearance before the Grand Jury . After the Grand Jury indicted Pearl for murder and perjury , Pearl was arraigned and pled guilty . The judge , however , used his statutory discretion and suspended Pearls sentence .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "When Gunters 90-day suspension expired in Feb . 1930 , the governor denied his application for a pardon and ordered him to return to prison . The governor stated , βSomebody ought to be in the penitentiary all the time for the murder of a sleeping man . If Judge Pegram does not believe Mrs . Drew is guilty enough to serve her term , then the man convicted of her murder will have to serve his term . Husbands ought to have some protection.β Gunter , however , refused to return to the penitentiary and as of Feb .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "1931 when an account of the case was written , both he and Pearl had fled the state of Mississippi .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "In 1930 , Bilbo convened a meeting of the State Board of Universities and Colleges to approve his plans to dismiss 179 faculty members . Appearing before reporters after the meeting , he announced , Boys , weve just hung up a new record . Weve bounced three college presidents and made three new ones in the record time of two hours . And thats just the beginning of whats going to happen . The presidents of the University of Mississippi ( Ole Miss ) , Mississippi A & M ( later Mississippi State University ) , and the Mississippi",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "State College for Women were all fired and replaced , respectively , by a realtor , a press agent , and a recent B.A . degree-recipient . The Dean of the Medical School at Ole Miss was replaced by a man who once had a course in dentistry .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " The Association of American Universities and the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools then suspended recognition of degrees from all four of Mississippis state colleges . The American Medical Association voted to cancel the accreditation of the states college of medicine . The American Association of University Professors ( AAUP ) , meeting in Cleveland , passed a resolution that the remaining Mississippi professors would be regarded as retired members of the profession , after finding that their dismissals had been made for political considerations and without concern for the welfare of the students .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "During the crisis , Bilbo was burned in effigy by students at Ole Miss , but he was unconcerned about the states image . He made national headlines by giving an interview while sitting in a tub of hot water , soap in one hand , washrag in the other , and a cigar in his mouth . The lack of recognition continued until satisfactory evidence of improved conditions was provided to the AAUP and the other institutions in 1932 .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " In his final year of office , Bilbo and the legislature were at a stalemate , when he refused to sign their tax bills and the legislature refused to approve his tax bills . At the end of his term , the State of Mississippi was effectively bankrupt . The state treasury had only $1,326.57 in its coffers , and the state was $11.5 million in debt .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo , whose actions had halted U.S . Department of Agriculture funding of the agricultural school at Mississippi State , was hired as a consultant on public relations for the USDA for a short time . He clipped newspaper articles for a high salary , a reward from Senator Pat Harrison for Bilbos campaign support . Pundits dubbed him the Pastemaster General . Soon , Bilbo made plans to run for the U.S . Senate seat held by Hubert Stephens .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " In 1934 , Bilbo defeated Stephens to win a seat in the United States Senate . There he spoke against farmer murderers , poor-folks haters , shooters of widows and orphans , international well-poisoners , charity hospital destroyers , spitters on our heroic veterans , rich enemies of our public schools , private bankers who ought to come out in the open and let folks see what theyre doing , European debt-cancelers , unemployment makers , pacifists , Communists , munitions manufacturers , and skunks who steal Gideon Bibles from hotel rooms .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "In Washington , Bilbo feuded with Mississippi senior Senator Pat Harrison . Bilbo , whose base was among tenant farmers , hated the upper-class Harrison , who represented the rich planters and merchants . The feud started in 1936 when Harrison nominated Judge Holmes for the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals . Bilbo disliked Holmes , dating back to the Russell case , and spoke against him for five hours . Bilbo was the only Senator to vote no , and Holmes was confirmed .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Later that year , Harrison faced a primary challenge from former Governor Mike Conner . Bilbo supported Conner . Bilbos former law partner Stewart C . Sweep Clean Broom , campaigned for Harrison . Harrison won reelection .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "When the Senate majority leaders job opened up in 1937 , Harrison ran and faced a close contest with Kentuckys Alben Barkley . Harrisons campaign manager asked Bilbo to consider voting for Harrison . Bilbo said he would vote for Harrison only if Harrison asked him personally . When asked if he would make the personal appeal to Bilbo , Harrison replied , Tell the son of a bitch I wouldnt speak to him even if it meant the presidency of the United States . Harrison lost by one vote , 37-to-38 , and his reputation as the Senator who",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "wouldnt speak to his home-state colleague remained intact . Bilbo had taken revenge by voting against his fellow Mississippian .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "In the Senate , Bilbo supported Democratic President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal . Bilbos outspoken support of segregation and white supremacy was controversial in the Senate . Attracted by the ideas of black separatists such as Marcus Garvey , Bilbo proposed an amendment to the federal work-relief bill on June 6 , 1938 , which would have deported twelve million black Americans to Liberia at federal expense to relieve unemployment . Bilbo wrote a book advocating the idea . Garvey praised him in return , saying that Bilbo had done wonderfully well for the Negro . But Thomas W .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Harvey , a senior Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League leader in the US , distanced himself from Bilbo because of his racist speeches .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " The Democrats assigned Bilbo to what was considered the least important Senate committee , one on governance of the District of Columbia , to try to limit his influence . Bilbo , however , used his position to advance his white supremacist views . Bilbo was against giving any vote to district residents , especially as the districts black population was increasing because of the Great Migration . After re-election , he advanced to sufficient seniority to chair the committee , 1945β47 . He also served on the Pensions Committee , chairing it 1942β45 .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo revealed his membership in the Ku Klux Klan in an interview on the radio program Meet the Press . He said :",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " He was a prominent participant in the lengthy southern Democratic filibuster of the Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill before the Senate in 1938 . Bilbo said : Bilbo denounced Richard Wrights autobiography , Black Boy ( 1945 ) , on the Senate floor :",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo was outspoken in saying that blacks should not be allowed to vote anywhere in the United States , regardless of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution . Black World War II veterans complained of longstanding disfranchisement in the South , which Mississippi had achieved in 1890 by changes to its constitution related to electoral and voter registration rules , which the other Confederate states and Oklahoma followed with similar changes through 1910 , most of which survived court challenges . Bilbos campaign was accused of provoking violence related to voting .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Critics accused Bilbo of giving war contracts out to his friends . In 1946 , he wrote to General MacArthur that by MacArthurs role as the head of the Allied occupation of Japan that the Japanese should all be sterilized .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "During the 1946 Democratic Senate primary in Mississippi , his last race , Bilbo was the subject of a series of attacks by journalist Hodding Carter , Jr. , in his paper , the Greenville Delta Democrat-Times . Dismayed that the Supreme Court had ruled that white primaries were unconstitutional , he urged his white supporters to prevent black citizens from voting . At least half of all black citizens were prevented from voting in the primary due to threats of violence . He won that primary against three other opponents with 51.0 percent of the vote ; one of",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "his rivals was Nelson Trimble Levings , who owned a Mississippi plantation and was an investment banker in New York City . As usual , Bilbo faced no Republican opposition in the 1946 general election . Based on a request by liberal Democratic Senator Glen H . Taylor of Idaho , the newly elected Republican majority in the United States Senate refused to seat Bilbo for the term to which he was elected because of his speeches . He was believed to have incited violence against blacks who wanted to vote in the South . In addition , a committee",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "found that he had taken bribes . A filibuster by his supporters delayed the seating of the Senate for days . It was resolved when a supporter proposed that Bilbos credentials remain on the table while he returned home to Mississippi to seek medical treatment for oral cancer .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo retired to his Dream House estate in Poplarville , Mississippi , where he wrote and published a summary of his racial ideas entitled Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( Dream House Publishing Company , 1947 ) . His house , which served as the eponym and office of his publishing company , burned down in late fall that year , with the fire consuming many copies of the book .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo died at the age of sixty-nine in New Orleans , Louisiana . On his deathbed he summoned Leon Louis , the editor of the black newspaper Negro South to make a statement :",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " His funeral at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville was attended by five thousand mourners , including the governor and the junior senator . A bronze statue of Bilbo was placed in the rotunda of the Mississippi State Capitol building . It was relocated to another room , which is now frequently used by the Legislative Black Caucus . Some of the members use the statues outstretched arm as a coat rack .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo was satirized multiple times in popular culture . - In 1946 he was the subject of Bob and Adrienne Claibornes song Listen Mr . Bilbo ( 1946 ) , sung by Pete Seeger .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": "- Jack Webb devoted an episode of his crusading 1946 radio show One Out of Seven to attacking Bilbos racial views . He dramatized extracts from Bilbos speeches and letters attacking Negroes , Dagoes ( Italians ) , and Jews , while asserting after each extract some variation of .. . but Senator Bilbo is an honorable man . We do not intend to prove otherwise , a reference to Marc Antonys funeral oration in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": " - In 1947 he was the subject of blues song Bilbo Is Dead by Andrew Tibbs . - Bilbo is the subject of the talking blues song Talking Bilbo by Lee Hays , included in the ten-disc compilation Songs for Political Action curated by Bear Family Records . - He was also mentioned in the 1947 Gregory Peck film Gentlemans Agreement as an exemplar of bigotry .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": "- In 2001 , Andy Duncan published the short story Senator Bilbo , which conflated Theodore Bilbos racial attitudes into a Lord of the Rings short story , about a hobbit Senator post the LOTR trilogy .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": " - Boulard , Garry , The Man vs . The Quisling : Theodore Bilbo , Hodding Carter and the 1946 Democratic Parimary , Journal of Mississippi History,1989 , 51 , 201β17 . - Cresswell , Stephen . Rednecks , Redeemers , And Race : Mississippi After Reconstruction , 1877β1917 ] , 2006 β excerpt and text search ] - Gehrke , Pat J . The Southern Association of Teachers of Speech v . Senator Theodore Bilbo : Restraint and Indirection as Rhetorical Strategies . Southern Communication Journal 2007 , 72 , 95β104 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Giroux , Vincent A. , Jr . The Rise of Theodore G . Bilbo ( 1908β1932 ) , Journal of Mississippi History 1981 43 ( 3 ) : 180β209 ,",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Morgan , Chester M . Redneck Liberal : Theodore G . Bilbo and the New Deal , Louisiana State U . Press , 1985 . 274 pp .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( 1946 ) . A compendium of segregationist arguments . - , Mississippi Department of Archives and History . Details Senate efforts to prevent Bilbo from resuming his seat in 1947 . - Bilbo Family History website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Theodore_G._Bilbo#P39#3
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What position did Theodore G. Bilbo take after Mar 1941?
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Theodore G . Bilbo Theodore Gilmore Bilbo ( October 13 , 1877August 21 , 1947 ) was an American politician who twice served as governor of Mississippi ( 1916β20 , 1928β32 ) and later was elected a U.S . Senator ( 1935β47 ) . A lifelong Democrat , he was a filibusterer whose name was synonymous with white supremacyβlike many Southern Democrats of his era , Bilbo believed that black people were inferior ; he defended segregation , and was a member of the Ku Klux Klan . Bilbo was educated in rural Hancock County ( later Pearl River County ) . He attended Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee and Vanderbilt University Law School . After teaching school he attained admission to the bar in 1906 , and practiced in Poplarville . He then served in the Mississippi State Senate for four years , 1908 to 1912 . Bilbo overcame accusations of accepting bribes and won election as lieutenant governor , a position he held from 1912 to 1916 . In 1915 , he was elected governor , and he served from 1916 to 1920 . During this term he earned accolades for enacting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , as well as increased spending on public works projects . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1920 . Bilbo won election to the governorship again in 1927 , and served from 1928 to 1932 . During this term Bilbo caused controversy by attempting to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson . In another controversy , he aided Democratic nominee Al Smith in the 1928 presidential election by spreading the story that Republican nominee Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman ; Mississippi voters , considering whether to maintain their allegiance to the Democratic Party in light of Smiths Catholicism and support for the repeal of Prohibition , largely remained with Smith after Bilbos appeal to racism . In 1930 , under Governor Bilbo , Mississippi introduced a sales taxβthe first American state to do so . In 1934 Bilbo won election to a seat in the United States Senate ; he served from 1935 until his death . In the Senate , Bilbo maintained his support for segregation and white supremacy ; he was also attracted to the ideas of the black separatist movement , considering it a potentially viable method of maintaining segregation . He died in a New Orleans hospital while undergoing treatment for cancer , and was buried at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville . Bilbo was of short stature ( ) , frequently wore bright , flashy clothing to draw attention to himself , and was nicknamed The Man because he tended to refer to himself in the third person . Bilbo was the author of a pro-segregation work , Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization . Education and family background . On October 13 , 1877 , Bilbo was born in the small town of Juniper Grove in Hancock ( later Pearl River ) County . His parents , Obedience Beedy ( nΓ©e Wallis or Wallace ) and James Oliver Bilbo , were of Scotch-Irish descent , and James was a farmer and veteran of the Confederate States Army who rose from poverty during Theodore Bilbos early years to become Vice President of the Poplarville National Bank . Theodore Bilbo obtained a scholarship to attend Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee , and later attended Vanderbilt University Law School , but did not graduate from either . He also taught school and worked at a drug store during his legal studies . During his teaching career , Bilbo was accused of being overly familiar with a female student . He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1906 , and began a law practice in Poplarville , Mississippi the following year . At Vanderbilt , though he had been admitted to the senior class , he left without graduating . He was accused of cheating on academics , but it appears more likely that he left school for financial reasons . Though these accusations never rose to the level of formal charges , they helped create the perception that Bilbo was profligate and dishonest . State Senate . On November 5 , 1907 , Bilbo was elected to the Mississippi State Senate . He served there from 1908 to 1912 . In 1909 he attended non-credit summer courses at the University of Michigan Law School during a period when the legislature was not in session . In 1910 , Bilbo attracted national attention in a bribery scandal . After the death of U.S . Senator James Gordon , the legislature was deadlocked in choosing between LeRoy Percy or former Governor James K . Vardaman as Gordons successor . After 58 ballots , on February 28 Bilbo was one of several candidates to break the stalemate by switching his vote to Percy , who won 87β82 . Bilbo told a grand jury the next day that he had accepted a $645 bribe from L . C . Dulaney , but that he had done so as part of a private investigation . The State Senate voted 28β10 to expel him from office , falling one vote short of the majority needed . The Senate passed a resolution β which did not require a majority β calling him unfit to sit with honest , upright men in a respectable legislative body . During his subsequent campaign for lieutenant governor , Bilbo made a comment to Washington Dorsey Gibbs , a state senator from Yazoo City . Gibbs was insulted , and during the ensuing skirmish broke his cane over Bilbos head . But Bilbos campaign was successful , and he served as lieutenant governor from 1912 to 1916 . One of his first acts as lieutenant governor was to remove from the records the resolution calling him unfit to sit with honest men . First governorship . After serving as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi for four years , Bilbo was elected governor in 1915 . Cresswell ( 2006 ) argues that in his first term ( 1916β20 ) Bilbo had the most successful administration of all the governors who served between 1877 and 1917 , putting state finances in order and supporting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , a new charity hospital , and a board of bank examiners . In his first term , his Progressive program was largely implemented . He was known as Bilbo the Builder because of his authorization of a state highway system , as well as lime-crushing plants , new dormitories at the Old Soldiers Home , a tuberculosis hospital and his work on eradication of the South American tick . In 1916 he pushed through a law eliminating public hangings . The Haynes Report , a call to national action in response to race riots throughout the summer of 1919 , pointed to Bilbo as exemplifying the collective failure of the states to stop or even prosecute thousands of lawless executions over several decades . Before the mob lynching of John Hartfield in Ellisville , Miss. , on June 26 , 1919 , according to the report , Bilbo said in a speech : Campaign for US Congress . The state constitution prohibited governors from having successive terms , so Bilbo chose to run for a seat in the U.S . House of Representatives in 1918 . During the campaign , a bout of Texas fever broke out among cattle ; Bilbo supported a program to dip cattle in insecticide to kill the ticks carrying the fever . Mississippi farmers were generally not happy about the idea , and Bilbo lost the primary to Paul B . Johnson Sr. . Russells paternity suit . Lee M . Russell , then Governor , had served as Bilbos lieutenant governor and was being sued by his former secretary , who accused him of breach of promise and of seducing and impregnating her . She had undergone an abortion that left her unable to have further children . Russell asked Bilbo to convince the woman not to sue . Bilbo was unsuccessful , but Russells secretary was unsuccessful in her suit as well . Judge Edwin R . Holmes asked Bilbo to submit documents pertinent to the case . Bilbo refused , and was later caught hiding in a barn to avoid a subpoena . Subsequently , he was sentenced to 30 days in prison for contempt of court and served 10 days behind bars . He also lost his bid to return to the governorship in 1923 . Second governorship . In 1927 , Bilbo was elected governor again after winning the Democratic primary election over Governor Dennis Murphree , who had succeeded to the top position from the lieutenant governorship on the death of Governor Henry L . Whitfield . The lieutenant governor in Bilbos last term as governor was lawyer Bidwell Adam , a strong party loyalist and a staunch segregationist from Pass Christian and later Gulfport , sometimes known as the firebrand from the Coast . Bilbo criticized Murphree for calling out the Mississippi National Guard to prevent a lynching in Jackson , declaring that no black person was worthy of protection by the Guard . He also tried to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson , although the idea never came to fruition . During the 1928 presidential election , Bilbo helped Al Smith ( D ) from New York to carry the state by a large margin . Conservative , Protestant Democratic voters were considering abandoning Smith because he was Catholic and because he supported the repeal of prohibition . Bilbo spread the rumor that Republican candidate Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman , which helped keep southern Democrats in Smiths column . In 1929 , Thomas G . Gunter of Benton County , MS was convicted of the murder of his son-in-law , Marlin Drew , on the testimony of his seven-year-old granddaughter , Dorothy Louise . He was sentenced to 5 years in prison . Three months later , after his daughter Pearl gave birth to her fourth child , she confessed that she had killed Marlin during an argument over the paternity of her then-unborn child , and requested that her 63-year-old father be pardoned . Pearl said she had coached Dorothy Louise to implicate her father . She added it was always her intention to tell the truth after the birth of her baby , and that she could not bear the thought of it beginning its life in prison . Governor Bilbo then granted Gunter a 90-day suspension of sentence as Pearl was bound over for an appearance before the Grand Jury . After the Grand Jury indicted Pearl for murder and perjury , Pearl was arraigned and pled guilty . The judge , however , used his statutory discretion and suspended Pearls sentence . When Gunters 90-day suspension expired in Feb . 1930 , the governor denied his application for a pardon and ordered him to return to prison . The governor stated , βSomebody ought to be in the penitentiary all the time for the murder of a sleeping man . If Judge Pegram does not believe Mrs . Drew is guilty enough to serve her term , then the man convicted of her murder will have to serve his term . Husbands ought to have some protection.β Gunter , however , refused to return to the penitentiary and as of Feb . 1931 when an account of the case was written , both he and Pearl had fled the state of Mississippi . Firing the professors . In 1930 , Bilbo convened a meeting of the State Board of Universities and Colleges to approve his plans to dismiss 179 faculty members . Appearing before reporters after the meeting , he announced , Boys , weve just hung up a new record . Weve bounced three college presidents and made three new ones in the record time of two hours . And thats just the beginning of whats going to happen . The presidents of the University of Mississippi ( Ole Miss ) , Mississippi A & M ( later Mississippi State University ) , and the Mississippi State College for Women were all fired and replaced , respectively , by a realtor , a press agent , and a recent B.A . degree-recipient . The Dean of the Medical School at Ole Miss was replaced by a man who once had a course in dentistry . The Association of American Universities and the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools then suspended recognition of degrees from all four of Mississippis state colleges . The American Medical Association voted to cancel the accreditation of the states college of medicine . The American Association of University Professors ( AAUP ) , meeting in Cleveland , passed a resolution that the remaining Mississippi professors would be regarded as retired members of the profession , after finding that their dismissals had been made for political considerations and without concern for the welfare of the students . During the crisis , Bilbo was burned in effigy by students at Ole Miss , but he was unconcerned about the states image . He made national headlines by giving an interview while sitting in a tub of hot water , soap in one hand , washrag in the other , and a cigar in his mouth . The lack of recognition continued until satisfactory evidence of improved conditions was provided to the AAUP and the other institutions in 1932 . In his final year of office , Bilbo and the legislature were at a stalemate , when he refused to sign their tax bills and the legislature refused to approve his tax bills . At the end of his term , the State of Mississippi was effectively bankrupt . The state treasury had only $1,326.57 in its coffers , and the state was $11.5 million in debt . Bilbo , whose actions had halted U.S . Department of Agriculture funding of the agricultural school at Mississippi State , was hired as a consultant on public relations for the USDA for a short time . He clipped newspaper articles for a high salary , a reward from Senator Pat Harrison for Bilbos campaign support . Pundits dubbed him the Pastemaster General . Soon , Bilbo made plans to run for the U.S . Senate seat held by Hubert Stephens . U.S . Senate . In 1934 , Bilbo defeated Stephens to win a seat in the United States Senate . There he spoke against farmer murderers , poor-folks haters , shooters of widows and orphans , international well-poisoners , charity hospital destroyers , spitters on our heroic veterans , rich enemies of our public schools , private bankers who ought to come out in the open and let folks see what theyre doing , European debt-cancelers , unemployment makers , pacifists , Communists , munitions manufacturers , and skunks who steal Gideon Bibles from hotel rooms . In Washington , Bilbo feuded with Mississippi senior Senator Pat Harrison . Bilbo , whose base was among tenant farmers , hated the upper-class Harrison , who represented the rich planters and merchants . The feud started in 1936 when Harrison nominated Judge Holmes for the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals . Bilbo disliked Holmes , dating back to the Russell case , and spoke against him for five hours . Bilbo was the only Senator to vote no , and Holmes was confirmed . Later that year , Harrison faced a primary challenge from former Governor Mike Conner . Bilbo supported Conner . Bilbos former law partner Stewart C . Sweep Clean Broom , campaigned for Harrison . Harrison won reelection . When the Senate majority leaders job opened up in 1937 , Harrison ran and faced a close contest with Kentuckys Alben Barkley . Harrisons campaign manager asked Bilbo to consider voting for Harrison . Bilbo said he would vote for Harrison only if Harrison asked him personally . When asked if he would make the personal appeal to Bilbo , Harrison replied , Tell the son of a bitch I wouldnt speak to him even if it meant the presidency of the United States . Harrison lost by one vote , 37-to-38 , and his reputation as the Senator who wouldnt speak to his home-state colleague remained intact . Bilbo had taken revenge by voting against his fellow Mississippian . In the Senate , Bilbo supported Democratic President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal . Bilbos outspoken support of segregation and white supremacy was controversial in the Senate . Attracted by the ideas of black separatists such as Marcus Garvey , Bilbo proposed an amendment to the federal work-relief bill on June 6 , 1938 , which would have deported twelve million black Americans to Liberia at federal expense to relieve unemployment . Bilbo wrote a book advocating the idea . Garvey praised him in return , saying that Bilbo had done wonderfully well for the Negro . But Thomas W . Harvey , a senior Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League leader in the US , distanced himself from Bilbo because of his racist speeches . The Democrats assigned Bilbo to what was considered the least important Senate committee , one on governance of the District of Columbia , to try to limit his influence . Bilbo , however , used his position to advance his white supremacist views . Bilbo was against giving any vote to district residents , especially as the districts black population was increasing because of the Great Migration . After re-election , he advanced to sufficient seniority to chair the committee , 1945β47 . He also served on the Pensions Committee , chairing it 1942β45 . Bilbo revealed his membership in the Ku Klux Klan in an interview on the radio program Meet the Press . He said : He was a prominent participant in the lengthy southern Democratic filibuster of the Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill before the Senate in 1938 . Bilbo said : Bilbo denounced Richard Wrights autobiography , Black Boy ( 1945 ) , on the Senate floor : Bilbo was outspoken in saying that blacks should not be allowed to vote anywhere in the United States , regardless of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution . Black World War II veterans complained of longstanding disfranchisement in the South , which Mississippi had achieved in 1890 by changes to its constitution related to electoral and voter registration rules , which the other Confederate states and Oklahoma followed with similar changes through 1910 , most of which survived court challenges . Bilbos campaign was accused of provoking violence related to voting . Critics accused Bilbo of giving war contracts out to his friends . In 1946 , he wrote to General MacArthur that by MacArthurs role as the head of the Allied occupation of Japan that the Japanese should all be sterilized . During the 1946 Democratic Senate primary in Mississippi , his last race , Bilbo was the subject of a series of attacks by journalist Hodding Carter , Jr. , in his paper , the Greenville Delta Democrat-Times . Dismayed that the Supreme Court had ruled that white primaries were unconstitutional , he urged his white supporters to prevent black citizens from voting . At least half of all black citizens were prevented from voting in the primary due to threats of violence . He won that primary against three other opponents with 51.0 percent of the vote ; one of his rivals was Nelson Trimble Levings , who owned a Mississippi plantation and was an investment banker in New York City . As usual , Bilbo faced no Republican opposition in the 1946 general election . Based on a request by liberal Democratic Senator Glen H . Taylor of Idaho , the newly elected Republican majority in the United States Senate refused to seat Bilbo for the term to which he was elected because of his speeches . He was believed to have incited violence against blacks who wanted to vote in the South . In addition , a committee found that he had taken bribes . A filibuster by his supporters delayed the seating of the Senate for days . It was resolved when a supporter proposed that Bilbos credentials remain on the table while he returned home to Mississippi to seek medical treatment for oral cancer . Death . Bilbo retired to his Dream House estate in Poplarville , Mississippi , where he wrote and published a summary of his racial ideas entitled Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( Dream House Publishing Company , 1947 ) . His house , which served as the eponym and office of his publishing company , burned down in late fall that year , with the fire consuming many copies of the book . Bilbo died at the age of sixty-nine in New Orleans , Louisiana . On his deathbed he summoned Leon Louis , the editor of the black newspaper Negro South to make a statement : His funeral at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville was attended by five thousand mourners , including the governor and the junior senator . A bronze statue of Bilbo was placed in the rotunda of the Mississippi State Capitol building . It was relocated to another room , which is now frequently used by the Legislative Black Caucus . Some of the members use the statues outstretched arm as a coat rack . In popular culture . Bilbo was satirized multiple times in popular culture . - In 1946 he was the subject of Bob and Adrienne Claibornes song Listen Mr . Bilbo ( 1946 ) , sung by Pete Seeger . - Jack Webb devoted an episode of his crusading 1946 radio show One Out of Seven to attacking Bilbos racial views . He dramatized extracts from Bilbos speeches and letters attacking Negroes , Dagoes ( Italians ) , and Jews , while asserting after each extract some variation of .. . but Senator Bilbo is an honorable man . We do not intend to prove otherwise , a reference to Marc Antonys funeral oration in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar . - In 1947 he was the subject of blues song Bilbo Is Dead by Andrew Tibbs . - Bilbo is the subject of the talking blues song Talking Bilbo by Lee Hays , included in the ten-disc compilation Songs for Political Action curated by Bear Family Records . - He was also mentioned in the 1947 Gregory Peck film Gentlemans Agreement as an exemplar of bigotry . - In 2001 , Andy Duncan published the short story Senator Bilbo , which conflated Theodore Bilbos racial attitudes into a Lord of the Rings short story , about a hobbit Senator post the LOTR trilogy . Further reading . - Boulard , Garry , The Man vs . The Quisling : Theodore Bilbo , Hodding Carter and the 1946 Democratic Parimary , Journal of Mississippi History,1989 , 51 , 201β17 . - Cresswell , Stephen . Rednecks , Redeemers , And Race : Mississippi After Reconstruction , 1877β1917 ] , 2006 β excerpt and text search ] - Gehrke , Pat J . The Southern Association of Teachers of Speech v . Senator Theodore Bilbo : Restraint and Indirection as Rhetorical Strategies . Southern Communication Journal 2007 , 72 , 95β104 . - Giroux , Vincent A. , Jr . The Rise of Theodore G . Bilbo ( 1908β1932 ) , Journal of Mississippi History 1981 43 ( 3 ) : 180β209 , - Morgan , Chester M . Redneck Liberal : Theodore G . Bilbo and the New Deal , Louisiana State U . Press , 1985 . 274 pp . External links . - Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( 1946 ) . A compendium of segregationist arguments . - , Mississippi Department of Archives and History . Details Senate efforts to prevent Bilbo from resuming his seat in 1947 . - Bilbo Family History website
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[
"U.S . Senator"
] |
[
{
"text": " Theodore Gilmore Bilbo ( October 13 , 1877August 21 , 1947 ) was an American politician who twice served as governor of Mississippi ( 1916β20 , 1928β32 ) and later was elected a U.S . Senator ( 1935β47 ) . A lifelong Democrat , he was a filibusterer whose name was synonymous with white supremacyβlike many Southern Democrats of his era , Bilbo believed that black people were inferior ; he defended segregation , and was a member of the Ku Klux Klan .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo was educated in rural Hancock County ( later Pearl River County ) . He attended Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee and Vanderbilt University Law School . After teaching school he attained admission to the bar in 1906 , and practiced in Poplarville . He then served in the Mississippi State Senate for four years , 1908 to 1912 .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo overcame accusations of accepting bribes and won election as lieutenant governor , a position he held from 1912 to 1916 . In 1915 , he was elected governor , and he served from 1916 to 1920 . During this term he earned accolades for enacting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , as well as increased spending on public works projects . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1920 .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo won election to the governorship again in 1927 , and served from 1928 to 1932 . During this term Bilbo caused controversy by attempting to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson . In another controversy , he aided Democratic nominee Al Smith in the 1928 presidential election by spreading the story that Republican nominee Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman ; Mississippi voters , considering whether to maintain their allegiance to the Democratic Party in light of Smiths Catholicism and support for the repeal of Prohibition , largely remained with Smith after Bilbos appeal",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "to racism .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "In 1930 , under Governor Bilbo , Mississippi introduced a sales taxβthe first American state to do so . In 1934 Bilbo won election to a seat in the United States Senate ; he served from 1935 until his death . In the Senate , Bilbo maintained his support for segregation and white supremacy ; he was also attracted to the ideas of the black separatist movement , considering it a potentially viable method of maintaining segregation . He died in a New Orleans hospital while undergoing treatment for cancer , and was buried at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo was of short stature ( ) , frequently wore bright , flashy clothing to draw attention to himself , and was nicknamed The Man because he tended to refer to himself in the third person . Bilbo was the author of a pro-segregation work , Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization . Education and family background .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "On October 13 , 1877 , Bilbo was born in the small town of Juniper Grove in Hancock ( later Pearl River ) County . His parents , Obedience Beedy ( nΓ©e Wallis or Wallace ) and James Oliver Bilbo , were of Scotch-Irish descent , and James was a farmer and veteran of the Confederate States Army who rose from poverty during Theodore Bilbos early years to become Vice President of the Poplarville National Bank . Theodore Bilbo obtained a scholarship to attend Peabody Normal College in Nashville , Tennessee , and later attended Vanderbilt University Law School ,",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": "but did not graduate from either . He also taught school and worked at a drug store during his legal studies . During his teaching career , Bilbo was accused of being overly familiar with a female student . He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1906 , and began a law practice in Poplarville , Mississippi the following year .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " At Vanderbilt , though he had been admitted to the senior class , he left without graduating . He was accused of cheating on academics , but it appears more likely that he left school for financial reasons . Though these accusations never rose to the level of formal charges , they helped create the perception that Bilbo was profligate and dishonest .",
"title": "Theodore G . Bilbo"
},
{
"text": " On November 5 , 1907 , Bilbo was elected to the Mississippi State Senate . He served there from 1908 to 1912 . In 1909 he attended non-credit summer courses at the University of Michigan Law School during a period when the legislature was not in session .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": "In 1910 , Bilbo attracted national attention in a bribery scandal . After the death of U.S . Senator James Gordon , the legislature was deadlocked in choosing between LeRoy Percy or former Governor James K . Vardaman as Gordons successor . After 58 ballots , on February 28 Bilbo was one of several candidates to break the stalemate by switching his vote to Percy , who won 87β82 . Bilbo told a grand jury the next day that he had accepted a $645 bribe from L . C . Dulaney , but that he had done so as part",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": "of a private investigation . The State Senate voted 28β10 to expel him from office , falling one vote short of the majority needed . The Senate passed a resolution β which did not require a majority β calling him unfit to sit with honest , upright men in a respectable legislative body .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": " During his subsequent campaign for lieutenant governor , Bilbo made a comment to Washington Dorsey Gibbs , a state senator from Yazoo City . Gibbs was insulted , and during the ensuing skirmish broke his cane over Bilbos head . But Bilbos campaign was successful , and he served as lieutenant governor from 1912 to 1916 . One of his first acts as lieutenant governor was to remove from the records the resolution calling him unfit to sit with honest men .",
"title": "State Senate"
},
{
"text": " After serving as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi for four years , Bilbo was elected governor in 1915 . Cresswell ( 2006 ) argues that in his first term ( 1916β20 ) Bilbo had the most successful administration of all the governors who served between 1877 and 1917 , putting state finances in order and supporting Progressive measures such as compulsory school attendance , a new charity hospital , and a board of bank examiners .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": "In his first term , his Progressive program was largely implemented . He was known as Bilbo the Builder because of his authorization of a state highway system , as well as lime-crushing plants , new dormitories at the Old Soldiers Home , a tuberculosis hospital and his work on eradication of the South American tick .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": " In 1916 he pushed through a law eliminating public hangings . The Haynes Report , a call to national action in response to race riots throughout the summer of 1919 , pointed to Bilbo as exemplifying the collective failure of the states to stop or even prosecute thousands of lawless executions over several decades . Before the mob lynching of John Hartfield in Ellisville , Miss. , on June 26 , 1919 , according to the report , Bilbo said in a speech : Campaign for US Congress .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": "The state constitution prohibited governors from having successive terms , so Bilbo chose to run for a seat in the U.S . House of Representatives in 1918 . During the campaign , a bout of Texas fever broke out among cattle ; Bilbo supported a program to dip cattle in insecticide to kill the ticks carrying the fever . Mississippi farmers were generally not happy about the idea , and Bilbo lost the primary to Paul B . Johnson Sr. .",
"title": "First governorship"
},
{
"text": " Lee M . Russell , then Governor , had served as Bilbos lieutenant governor and was being sued by his former secretary , who accused him of breach of promise and of seducing and impregnating her . She had undergone an abortion that left her unable to have further children . Russell asked Bilbo to convince the woman not to sue . Bilbo was unsuccessful , but Russells secretary was unsuccessful in her suit as well .",
"title": "Russells paternity suit"
},
{
"text": "Judge Edwin R . Holmes asked Bilbo to submit documents pertinent to the case . Bilbo refused , and was later caught hiding in a barn to avoid a subpoena . Subsequently , he was sentenced to 30 days in prison for contempt of court and served 10 days behind bars . He also lost his bid to return to the governorship in 1923 .",
"title": "Russells paternity suit"
},
{
"text": " In 1927 , Bilbo was elected governor again after winning the Democratic primary election over Governor Dennis Murphree , who had succeeded to the top position from the lieutenant governorship on the death of Governor Henry L . Whitfield . The lieutenant governor in Bilbos last term as governor was lawyer Bidwell Adam , a strong party loyalist and a staunch segregationist from Pass Christian and later Gulfport , sometimes known as the firebrand from the Coast .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo criticized Murphree for calling out the Mississippi National Guard to prevent a lynching in Jackson , declaring that no black person was worthy of protection by the Guard .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": " He also tried to move the University of Mississippi from Oxford to Jackson , although the idea never came to fruition . During the 1928 presidential election , Bilbo helped Al Smith ( D ) from New York to carry the state by a large margin . Conservative , Protestant Democratic voters were considering abandoning Smith because he was Catholic and because he supported the repeal of prohibition . Bilbo spread the rumor that Republican candidate Herbert Hoover had socialized with a black woman , which helped keep southern Democrats in Smiths column .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "In 1929 , Thomas G . Gunter of Benton County , MS was convicted of the murder of his son-in-law , Marlin Drew , on the testimony of his seven-year-old granddaughter , Dorothy Louise . He was sentenced to 5 years in prison .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "Three months later , after his daughter Pearl gave birth to her fourth child , she confessed that she had killed Marlin during an argument over the paternity of her then-unborn child , and requested that her 63-year-old father be pardoned . Pearl said she had coached Dorothy Louise to implicate her father . She added it was always her intention to tell the truth after the birth of her baby , and that she could not bear the thought of it beginning its life in prison . Governor Bilbo then granted Gunter a 90-day suspension of sentence as Pearl",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "was bound over for an appearance before the Grand Jury . After the Grand Jury indicted Pearl for murder and perjury , Pearl was arraigned and pled guilty . The judge , however , used his statutory discretion and suspended Pearls sentence .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "When Gunters 90-day suspension expired in Feb . 1930 , the governor denied his application for a pardon and ordered him to return to prison . The governor stated , βSomebody ought to be in the penitentiary all the time for the murder of a sleeping man . If Judge Pegram does not believe Mrs . Drew is guilty enough to serve her term , then the man convicted of her murder will have to serve his term . Husbands ought to have some protection.β Gunter , however , refused to return to the penitentiary and as of Feb .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "1931 when an account of the case was written , both he and Pearl had fled the state of Mississippi .",
"title": "Second governorship"
},
{
"text": "In 1930 , Bilbo convened a meeting of the State Board of Universities and Colleges to approve his plans to dismiss 179 faculty members . Appearing before reporters after the meeting , he announced , Boys , weve just hung up a new record . Weve bounced three college presidents and made three new ones in the record time of two hours . And thats just the beginning of whats going to happen . The presidents of the University of Mississippi ( Ole Miss ) , Mississippi A & M ( later Mississippi State University ) , and the Mississippi",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "State College for Women were all fired and replaced , respectively , by a realtor , a press agent , and a recent B.A . degree-recipient . The Dean of the Medical School at Ole Miss was replaced by a man who once had a course in dentistry .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " The Association of American Universities and the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools then suspended recognition of degrees from all four of Mississippis state colleges . The American Medical Association voted to cancel the accreditation of the states college of medicine . The American Association of University Professors ( AAUP ) , meeting in Cleveland , passed a resolution that the remaining Mississippi professors would be regarded as retired members of the profession , after finding that their dismissals had been made for political considerations and without concern for the welfare of the students .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "During the crisis , Bilbo was burned in effigy by students at Ole Miss , but he was unconcerned about the states image . He made national headlines by giving an interview while sitting in a tub of hot water , soap in one hand , washrag in the other , and a cigar in his mouth . The lack of recognition continued until satisfactory evidence of improved conditions was provided to the AAUP and the other institutions in 1932 .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " In his final year of office , Bilbo and the legislature were at a stalemate , when he refused to sign their tax bills and the legislature refused to approve his tax bills . At the end of his term , the State of Mississippi was effectively bankrupt . The state treasury had only $1,326.57 in its coffers , and the state was $11.5 million in debt .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo , whose actions had halted U.S . Department of Agriculture funding of the agricultural school at Mississippi State , was hired as a consultant on public relations for the USDA for a short time . He clipped newspaper articles for a high salary , a reward from Senator Pat Harrison for Bilbos campaign support . Pundits dubbed him the Pastemaster General . Soon , Bilbo made plans to run for the U.S . Senate seat held by Hubert Stephens .",
"title": "Firing the professors"
},
{
"text": " In 1934 , Bilbo defeated Stephens to win a seat in the United States Senate . There he spoke against farmer murderers , poor-folks haters , shooters of widows and orphans , international well-poisoners , charity hospital destroyers , spitters on our heroic veterans , rich enemies of our public schools , private bankers who ought to come out in the open and let folks see what theyre doing , European debt-cancelers , unemployment makers , pacifists , Communists , munitions manufacturers , and skunks who steal Gideon Bibles from hotel rooms .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "In Washington , Bilbo feuded with Mississippi senior Senator Pat Harrison . Bilbo , whose base was among tenant farmers , hated the upper-class Harrison , who represented the rich planters and merchants . The feud started in 1936 when Harrison nominated Judge Holmes for the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals . Bilbo disliked Holmes , dating back to the Russell case , and spoke against him for five hours . Bilbo was the only Senator to vote no , and Holmes was confirmed .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Later that year , Harrison faced a primary challenge from former Governor Mike Conner . Bilbo supported Conner . Bilbos former law partner Stewart C . Sweep Clean Broom , campaigned for Harrison . Harrison won reelection .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "When the Senate majority leaders job opened up in 1937 , Harrison ran and faced a close contest with Kentuckys Alben Barkley . Harrisons campaign manager asked Bilbo to consider voting for Harrison . Bilbo said he would vote for Harrison only if Harrison asked him personally . When asked if he would make the personal appeal to Bilbo , Harrison replied , Tell the son of a bitch I wouldnt speak to him even if it meant the presidency of the United States . Harrison lost by one vote , 37-to-38 , and his reputation as the Senator who",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "wouldnt speak to his home-state colleague remained intact . Bilbo had taken revenge by voting against his fellow Mississippian .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "In the Senate , Bilbo supported Democratic President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal . Bilbos outspoken support of segregation and white supremacy was controversial in the Senate . Attracted by the ideas of black separatists such as Marcus Garvey , Bilbo proposed an amendment to the federal work-relief bill on June 6 , 1938 , which would have deported twelve million black Americans to Liberia at federal expense to relieve unemployment . Bilbo wrote a book advocating the idea . Garvey praised him in return , saying that Bilbo had done wonderfully well for the Negro . But Thomas W .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Harvey , a senior Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League leader in the US , distanced himself from Bilbo because of his racist speeches .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " The Democrats assigned Bilbo to what was considered the least important Senate committee , one on governance of the District of Columbia , to try to limit his influence . Bilbo , however , used his position to advance his white supremacist views . Bilbo was against giving any vote to district residents , especially as the districts black population was increasing because of the Great Migration . After re-election , he advanced to sufficient seniority to chair the committee , 1945β47 . He also served on the Pensions Committee , chairing it 1942β45 .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo revealed his membership in the Ku Klux Klan in an interview on the radio program Meet the Press . He said :",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " He was a prominent participant in the lengthy southern Democratic filibuster of the Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill before the Senate in 1938 . Bilbo said : Bilbo denounced Richard Wrights autobiography , Black Boy ( 1945 ) , on the Senate floor :",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo was outspoken in saying that blacks should not be allowed to vote anywhere in the United States , regardless of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution . Black World War II veterans complained of longstanding disfranchisement in the South , which Mississippi had achieved in 1890 by changes to its constitution related to electoral and voter registration rules , which the other Confederate states and Oklahoma followed with similar changes through 1910 , most of which survived court challenges . Bilbos campaign was accused of provoking violence related to voting .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Critics accused Bilbo of giving war contracts out to his friends . In 1946 , he wrote to General MacArthur that by MacArthurs role as the head of the Allied occupation of Japan that the Japanese should all be sterilized .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "During the 1946 Democratic Senate primary in Mississippi , his last race , Bilbo was the subject of a series of attacks by journalist Hodding Carter , Jr. , in his paper , the Greenville Delta Democrat-Times . Dismayed that the Supreme Court had ruled that white primaries were unconstitutional , he urged his white supporters to prevent black citizens from voting . At least half of all black citizens were prevented from voting in the primary due to threats of violence . He won that primary against three other opponents with 51.0 percent of the vote ; one of",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "his rivals was Nelson Trimble Levings , who owned a Mississippi plantation and was an investment banker in New York City . As usual , Bilbo faced no Republican opposition in the 1946 general election . Based on a request by liberal Democratic Senator Glen H . Taylor of Idaho , the newly elected Republican majority in the United States Senate refused to seat Bilbo for the term to which he was elected because of his speeches . He was believed to have incited violence against blacks who wanted to vote in the South . In addition , a committee",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": "found that he had taken bribes . A filibuster by his supporters delayed the seating of the Senate for days . It was resolved when a supporter proposed that Bilbos credentials remain on the table while he returned home to Mississippi to seek medical treatment for oral cancer .",
"title": "U.S . Senate"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo retired to his Dream House estate in Poplarville , Mississippi , where he wrote and published a summary of his racial ideas entitled Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( Dream House Publishing Company , 1947 ) . His house , which served as the eponym and office of his publishing company , burned down in late fall that year , with the fire consuming many copies of the book .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "Bilbo died at the age of sixty-nine in New Orleans , Louisiana . On his deathbed he summoned Leon Louis , the editor of the black newspaper Negro South to make a statement :",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " His funeral at Juniper Grove Cemetery in Poplarville was attended by five thousand mourners , including the governor and the junior senator . A bronze statue of Bilbo was placed in the rotunda of the Mississippi State Capitol building . It was relocated to another room , which is now frequently used by the Legislative Black Caucus . Some of the members use the statues outstretched arm as a coat rack .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Bilbo was satirized multiple times in popular culture . - In 1946 he was the subject of Bob and Adrienne Claibornes song Listen Mr . Bilbo ( 1946 ) , sung by Pete Seeger .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": "- Jack Webb devoted an episode of his crusading 1946 radio show One Out of Seven to attacking Bilbos racial views . He dramatized extracts from Bilbos speeches and letters attacking Negroes , Dagoes ( Italians ) , and Jews , while asserting after each extract some variation of .. . but Senator Bilbo is an honorable man . We do not intend to prove otherwise , a reference to Marc Antonys funeral oration in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": " - In 1947 he was the subject of blues song Bilbo Is Dead by Andrew Tibbs . - Bilbo is the subject of the talking blues song Talking Bilbo by Lee Hays , included in the ten-disc compilation Songs for Political Action curated by Bear Family Records . - He was also mentioned in the 1947 Gregory Peck film Gentlemans Agreement as an exemplar of bigotry .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": "- In 2001 , Andy Duncan published the short story Senator Bilbo , which conflated Theodore Bilbos racial attitudes into a Lord of the Rings short story , about a hobbit Senator post the LOTR trilogy .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": " - Boulard , Garry , The Man vs . The Quisling : Theodore Bilbo , Hodding Carter and the 1946 Democratic Parimary , Journal of Mississippi History,1989 , 51 , 201β17 . - Cresswell , Stephen . Rednecks , Redeemers , And Race : Mississippi After Reconstruction , 1877β1917 ] , 2006 β excerpt and text search ] - Gehrke , Pat J . The Southern Association of Teachers of Speech v . Senator Theodore Bilbo : Restraint and Indirection as Rhetorical Strategies . Southern Communication Journal 2007 , 72 , 95β104 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Giroux , Vincent A. , Jr . The Rise of Theodore G . Bilbo ( 1908β1932 ) , Journal of Mississippi History 1981 43 ( 3 ) : 180β209 ,",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Morgan , Chester M . Redneck Liberal : Theodore G . Bilbo and the New Deal , Louisiana State U . Press , 1985 . 274 pp .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Take Your Choice : Separation or Mongrelization ( 1946 ) . A compendium of segregationist arguments . - , Mississippi Department of Archives and History . Details Senate efforts to prevent Bilbo from resuming his seat in 1947 . - Bilbo Family History website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Max_Ernst#P27#0
|
What was the nationality of Max Ernst in Feb 1947?
|
Max Ernst Max Ernst ( 2 April 1891 β 1 April 1976 ) was a German ( naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958 ) painter , sculptor , graphic artist , and poet . A prolific artist , Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism . He had no formal artistic training , but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottageβa technique that uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of imagesβand grattage , an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath . He is also noted for his novels consisting of collages . Biography . Early life . Max Ernst was born in BrΓΌhl , near Cologne , the third of nine children of a middle-class Catholic family . His father Philipp was a teacher of the deaf and an amateur painter , a devout Christian and a strict disciplinarian . He inspired in Max a penchant for defying authority , while his interest in painting and sketching in nature influenced Max to take up painting . In 1909 , Ernst enrolled in the University of Bonn to read philosophy , art history , literature , psychology and psychiatry . He visited asylums and became fascinated with the art work of the mentally ill patients ; he also started painting that year , producing sketches in the garden of the BrΓΌhl castle , and portraits of his sister and himself . In 1911 , Ernst befriended August Macke and joined his Die Rheinischen Expressionisten group of artists , deciding to become an artist . In 1912 , he visited the Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne , where works by Pablo Picasso and post-Impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin profoundly influenced him . His work was exhibited that year together with that of the Das Junge Rheinland group , at Galerie Feldman in Cologne , and then in several group exhibitions in 1913 . In his paintings of this period , Ernst adopted an ironic style that juxtaposed grotesque elements alongside Cubist and Expressionist motifs . In 1914 , Ernst met Hans Arp in Cologne . The two became friends and their relationship lasted for fifty years . After Ernst completed his studies in the summer , his life was interrupted by World War I . Ernst was drafted and served both on the Western and the Eastern Fronts . The effect of the war on Ernst was devastating ; in his autobiography , he wrote of his time in the army thus : On the first of August 1914 M [ ax ] .E [ rnst ] . died . He was resurrected on the eleventh of November 1918 . For a brief period on the Western Front , Ernst was assigned to chart maps , which allowed him to continue painting . Several German Expressionist painters died in action during the war , among them August Macke and Franz Marc . Dada and surrealism . In 1918 , Ernst was demobilised and returned to Cologne . He soon married art history student Luise Straus , whom he had met in 1914 . In 1919 , Ernst visited Paul Klee in Munich and studied paintings by Giorgio de Chirico . The same year , inspired by de Chirico and mail-order catalogues , teaching-aide manuals and similar sources , he produced his first collages ( notably Fiat modes , a portfolio of lithographs ) , a technique which would dominate his artistic pursuits . Also in 1919 , Ernst , social activist Johannes Theodor Baargeld and several colleagues founded the Cologne Dada group . In 1919β20 , Ernst and Baargeld published various short-lived magazines such as Der Strom , die Schammade and organised Dada exhibitions . Ernst and Luises son Ulrich Jimmy Ernst was born on 24 June 1920 ; he also became a painter . Ernsts marriage to Luise was short-lived . In 1921 , he met Paul Γluard , who became a lifelong friend . Γluard bought two of Ernsts paintings ( Celebes and Oedipus Rex ) and selected six collages to illustrate his poetry collection RΓ©pΓ©titions . A year later the two collaborated on Les malheurs des immortels and then with AndrΓ© Breton , whom Ernst met in 1921 , on the magazine LittΓ©rature . In 1922 , unable to secure the necessary papers , Ernst entered France illegally and settled into a mΓ©nage Γ trois with Γluard and his wife Gala in Paris suburb Saint-Brice , leaving behind his wife and son . During his first two years in Paris , Ernst took various odd jobs to make a living and continued to paint . In 1923 , the Γluards moved to a new home in Eaubonne , near Paris , where Ernst painted numerous murals . The same year his works were exhibited at Salon des IndΓ©pendants . Although apparently accepting the mΓ©nage Γ trois , Γluard eventually became more concerned about the affair . In 1924 , he abruptly left , first for Monaco and then for Saigon . He soon asked his wife and Max Ernst to join him ; both had to sell paintings to finance the trip . Ernst went to DΓΌsseldorf and sold a large number of his works to a long-time friend , Johanna Ey , owner of gallery Das Junge Rheinland . After a brief time together in Saigon , the trio decided that Gala would remain with Paul . The Γluards returned to Eaubonne in early September , while Ernst followed them some months later , after exploring more of South-East Asia . He returned to Paris in late 1924 and soon signed a contract with Jacques Viot that allowed him to paint full-time . In 1925 , Ernst established a studio at 22 , rue Tourlaque . In 1925 , Ernst invented a graphic art technique called frottage ( see Surrealist techniques ) , which uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images . He also created the grattage technique , in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath . He used this technique in his famous painting Forest and Dove ( as shown at the Tate Modern ) . The next year he collaborated with Joan MirΓ³ on designs for Sergei Diaghilev . With MirΓ³s help , Ernst developed grattage , in which he trowelled pigment from his canvases . He also explored with the technique of decalcomania , which involves pressing paint between two surfaces . Ernst was also active , along with fellow Surrealists , at the Atelier 17 . Ernst developed a fascination with birds that was prevalent in his work . His alter ego in paintings , which he called Loplop , was a bird . He suggested that this alter-ego was an extension of himself stemming from an early confusion of birds and humans . He said that one night when he was young , he woke up and found that his beloved bird had died ; a few minutes later , his father announced that his sister was born . Loplop often appeared in collages of other artists work , such as Loplop presents AndrΓ© Breton . Ernst drew a great deal of controversy with his 1926 painting The Virgin Chastises the infant Jesus before Three Witnesses : AndrΓ© Breton , Paul Γluard , and the Painter . In 1927 , Ernst married and it is thought his relationship with her may have inspired the erotic subject matter of The Kiss and other works of that year . Ernst appeared in the 1930 film LΓge dOr , directed by the Surrealist Luis BuΓ±uel . Ernst began to sculpt in 1934 and spent time with Alberto Giacometti . In 1938 , the American heiress and artistic patron Peggy Guggenheim acquired a number of Max Ernsts works , which she displayed in her new gallery in London . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim were married from 1942 to 1946 . World War II and later life . In September 1939 , the outbreak of World War II caused Ernst to be interned as an undesirable foreigner in Camp des Milles , near Aix-en-Provence , along with fellow Surrealist , Hans Bellmer , who had recently emigrated to Paris . He had been living with his lover and fellow Surrealist painter , Leonora Carrington who , not knowing whether he would return , saw no option but to sell their house to repay their debts and leave for Spain . Thanks to the intercession of Paul Γluard and other friends , including the journalist Varian Fry , he was released a few weeks later . Soon after the German occupation of France , he was arrested again , this time by the Gestapo but managed to escape and flee to America with the help of Peggy Guggenheim , a member of a wealthy American art collecting family , and Fry . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim arrived in the United States in 1941 and were married at the end of the year . Along with other artists and friends ( Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall ) who had fled from the war and lived in New York City , Ernst helped inspire the development of Abstract expressionism . His marriage to Guggenheim did not last and in Beverly Hills , California in October 1946 , in a double ceremony with Man Ray and Juliet P . Browner , he married Dorothea Tanning . The couple made their home in Sedona , Arizona from 1946 to 1953 , where the high desert landscapes inspired them and recalled Ernsts earlier imagery . Despite the fact that Sedona was remote and populated by fewer than 400 ranchers , orchard workers , merchants and small Native American communities , their presence helped begin what would become an American artists colony . Among the monumental red rocks , Ernst built a small cottage by hand on Brewer Road and he and Tanning hosted intellectuals and European artists such as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Yves Tanguy . Sedona proved an inspiration for the artists and for Ernst , who compiled his book Beyond Painting and completed his sculptural masterpiece Capricorn while living there . As a result of the book and its publicity , Ernst began to achieve financial success . From the 1950s he lived mainly in France . In 1954 he was awarded the Grand Prize for painting at the Venice Biennale . He died at the age of 84 on 1 April 1976 in Paris and was interred at PΓ¨re Lachaise Cemetery . Legacy . Ernsts son Jimmy Ernst , a well-known German/American abstract expressionist painter , who lived on the south shore of Long Island , died in 1984 . His memoirs , A Not-So-Still Life , were published shortly before his death . Max Ernsts grandson Eric and his granddaughter Amy are both artists and writers . Max Ernsts life and career are examined in Peter Schamonis 1991 documentary Max Ernst . Dedicated to the art historian Werner Spies , it was assembled from interviews with Ernst , stills of his paintings and sculptures , and the memoirs of his wife Dorothea Tanning and son Jimmy . The 101-minute German film was released on DVD with English subtitles by Image Entertainment . The Max Ernst Museum opened in 2005 in his home town BrΓΌhl , Germany . It is housed in a late-classicist 1844 building integrated with a modern glass pavilion . The historic ballroom was once a popular social venue visited by Ernst in his youth . The collection spans 70 years of his career including paintings , drawings , frottages , collages , nearly the entire lithographic works , over 70 bronze sculptures . and more than 700 documents and photographs by Man Ray , Henri Cartier-Bresson , Lee Miller , and others . The core of the collection dates back to 1969 with works donated to the City of BrΓΌhl by the artist . Thirty-six paintings , gifts from the artist to his fourth wife Dorothea Tanning , are on permanent loan from the Kreissparkasse KΓΆln . Some noteworthy works include the sculptures The King playing with the Queen ( 1944 ) and Teaching Staff for a School of Murderers ( 1967 ) . The museum also host temporary exhibitions by other artist . The Menil Collection , in Houston , Texas houses a significant collection of surrealist art including well over 100 pieces by Max Ernst . Notable paintings include In Praise of Freedom ( 1926 ) , Loplop Presents Loplop ( 1930 ) , Day and Night ( 1941β1942 ) , Surrealism and Painting ( 1942 ) , Euclid ( 1945 ) , A Swarm of Bees in the Palais de Justice ( 1960 ) , The Marriage of Heaven and Earth ( 1964 ) . Ernsts work in the Menil Collection is typically exhibited a few pieces at a time along with other surrealist art in the collection on a rotating basis . Exhibitions , retrospectives , and honors . - Venice Biennale , Venice ( 1954 ) , received Grand Prize for Painting - MusΓ©e National dArt Moderne Paris ( 1959 ) , awarded the Grand Prix national des arts - Museum of Modern Art , New York ( 1961 ) - Tate Gallery , London ( 1962 ) - Kunsthaus ZΓΌrich ( 1963 ) - Moderna Museet , Stockholm ( 1969 ) - A retrospective of 104 works spanning the years 1920β1968 , drawn entirely from the Menil Collection , toured Europe from 1970 to 1972 ( Hamburger Kunsthalle , Kestnergesellschaft , Frankfurter Kunstverein , Academy of Arts , Berlin , Kunsthalle , Cologne , MusΓ©e de lOrangerie , MusΓ©e Cantini , Maison de la Culture de Grenoble , Ancienne Douane ( Strasbourg ) , MusΓ©e dArts de Nantes ) and later the US ( Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art , Fogg Art Museum , The Art Institute of Chicago , Solomon R . Guggenheim Museum ) . The opening of the exhibition in Paris was augmented with 44 pieces from various collations and opened on 2 April 1971 , Max Ernsts 80th birthday . - In 2005 , Max Ernst : A Retrospective opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and included works such as Celebes ( 1921 ) , Ubu Imperator ( 1923 ) , and Fireside Angel ( 1937 ) , which is one of Ernsts few definitively political pieces and is sub-titled The Triumph of Surrealism depicting a raging bird-like creature that symbolises the wave of fascism that enveloped Europe . The exhibition also includes Ernsts works that experiment with free association writing and the techniques of frottage , created from a rubbing from a textured surface ; grattage , involving scratching at the surface of a painting ; and decalcomania , which involves altering a wet painting by pressing a second surface against it and taking it away . - Dada is Dada retrospective group exhibition at Bildmuseet , UmeΓ₯ University , Sweden , running from 17 November 2017 to 20 May 2018 . Documentary images Ernst in modern culture . - Many of Ernsts works from Une Semaine de BontΓ© are used in albums by American rock group The Mars Volta . Also , Barefoot in the Head , a collaboration between guitarist Thurston Moore and saxophonists Jim Sauter and Don Dietrich of Borbetomagus , features a collage from this same book . - American rock group Mission of Burma titled two songs after the artist : Max Ernst was the b-side of their first 1980 single ( now included on the CD of Signals , Calls and Marches ) , mentioning two of Ernsts paintings ( The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus and Garden Airplane-Trap ) and ending with the words Dada dada dada .. . repeated many times and distorted via tape loop ; their 2002 album OnOffOn features Max Ernsts Dream . - Writer J . G . Ballard makes numerous references to the art works of Max Ernst in his breakthrough novel The Drowned World ( 1962 ) and the experimental collection of short stories The Atrocity Exhibition ( 1970 ) . - Europe After the Rain was used by musician John Foxx as the title for the opening track of his 1981 album The Garden . - Max Ernst himself , and some of his work , is mentioned in William Gibsons novel Count Zero ( 1986 ) , the second novel of the Sprawl trilogy , an influential set of books which established the cyberpunk subgenre of science-fiction - ( The ) Eye of Silence was used by musician Cavestar ( Kevin Crosslin ) as the title of a track from his 1997 album Cavestar . - The first edition of the Penguin paperback edition of James Blishs A Case of Conscience uses details from The Eye of Silence as cover art . - Ernsts alter-ego Loplop appears in China MiΓ©villes 1998 debut novel King Rat , the Garden Aeroplane Trap also ( literally ) appears in Mievielles The Last Days of New Paris . - German experimental electronic musician Thomas Brinkmann has made numerous references to Max Ernst and Loplop in his productions and record labels . Selected works . Prints , collages , and illustrations . - Illustrations for books by Paul Γluard : RΓ©pΓ©titions ( 1922 ) , Les malheurs des immortels ( 1922 ) , Au dΓ©faut du silence ( 1925 ) - Histoire Naturelle ( ca . 1925β1926 ) , a set of 34 collotypes after frottages - La femme 100 tΓͺtes ( 1929 , graphic novel ) - RΓͺve dune petite fille qui voulut entrer au carmel ( 1930 , graphic novel ) - Une Semaine de BontΓ© ( 1934 , graphic novel ) - Illustrations for editions of works by Lewis Carroll : Symbolic Logic ( 1966 , under the title Logique sans peine ) , The Hunting of the Snark ( 1968 ) , and Lewis Carrols Wunderhorn ( 1970 , an anthology of texts ) - Deux Oiseaux ( 1970 , lithograph in colours ) - Aux petits agneaux ( 1971 , lithographs ) - Paysage marin avec capucin ( 1972 , illustrated book with essays by various authors ) - Maximiliana : the illegal practice of astronomy : hommage Γ Dorothea Tanning ( 1974 , art book ) - Oiseaux en peril ( 1975 , etchings with aquatint in colours ; published posthumously )
|
[
"German"
] |
[
{
"text": "Max Ernst ( 2 April 1891 β 1 April 1976 ) was a German ( naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958 ) painter , sculptor , graphic artist , and poet . A prolific artist , Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism . He had no formal artistic training , but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottageβa technique that uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of imagesβand grattage , an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints",
"title": "Max Ernst"
},
{
"text": "of the objects placed beneath . He is also noted for his novels consisting of collages .",
"title": "Max Ernst"
},
{
"text": "Max Ernst was born in BrΓΌhl , near Cologne , the third of nine children of a middle-class Catholic family . His father Philipp was a teacher of the deaf and an amateur painter , a devout Christian and a strict disciplinarian . He inspired in Max a penchant for defying authority , while his interest in painting and sketching in nature influenced Max to take up painting . In 1909 , Ernst enrolled in the University of Bonn to read philosophy , art history , literature , psychology and psychiatry . He visited asylums and became fascinated with the",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "art work of the mentally ill patients ; he also started painting that year , producing sketches in the garden of the BrΓΌhl castle , and portraits of his sister and himself . In 1911 , Ernst befriended August Macke and joined his Die Rheinischen Expressionisten group of artists , deciding to become an artist .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1912 , he visited the Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne , where works by Pablo Picasso and post-Impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin profoundly influenced him . His work was exhibited that year together with that of the Das Junge Rheinland group , at Galerie Feldman in Cologne , and then in several group exhibitions in 1913 . In his paintings of this period , Ernst adopted an ironic style that juxtaposed grotesque elements alongside Cubist and Expressionist motifs .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1914 , Ernst met Hans Arp in Cologne . The two became friends and their relationship lasted for fifty years . After Ernst completed his studies in the summer , his life was interrupted by World War I . Ernst was drafted and served both on the Western and the Eastern Fronts . The effect of the war on Ernst was devastating ; in his autobiography , he wrote of his time in the army thus : On the first of August 1914 M [ ax ] .E [ rnst ] . died . He was resurrected on the",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "eleventh of November 1918 . For a brief period on the Western Front , Ernst was assigned to chart maps , which allowed him to continue painting . Several German Expressionist painters died in action during the war , among them August Macke and Franz Marc .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1918 , Ernst was demobilised and returned to Cologne . He soon married art history student Luise Straus , whom he had met in 1914 . In 1919 , Ernst visited Paul Klee in Munich and studied paintings by Giorgio de Chirico . The same year , inspired by de Chirico and mail-order catalogues , teaching-aide manuals and similar sources , he produced his first collages ( notably Fiat modes , a portfolio of lithographs ) , a technique which would dominate his artistic pursuits . Also in 1919 , Ernst , social activist Johannes Theodor Baargeld and several",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "colleagues founded the Cologne Dada group . In 1919β20 , Ernst and Baargeld published various short-lived magazines such as Der Strom , die Schammade and organised Dada exhibitions .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Ernst and Luises son Ulrich Jimmy Ernst was born on 24 June 1920 ; he also became a painter . Ernsts marriage to Luise was short-lived . In 1921 , he met Paul Γluard , who became a lifelong friend . Γluard bought two of Ernsts paintings ( Celebes and Oedipus Rex ) and selected six collages to illustrate his poetry collection RΓ©pΓ©titions . A year later the two collaborated on Les malheurs des immortels and then with AndrΓ© Breton , whom Ernst met in 1921 , on the magazine LittΓ©rature . In 1922 , unable to secure the necessary",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "papers , Ernst entered France illegally and settled into a mΓ©nage Γ trois with Γluard and his wife Gala in Paris suburb Saint-Brice , leaving behind his wife and son . During his first two years in Paris , Ernst took various odd jobs to make a living and continued to paint . In 1923 , the Γluards moved to a new home in Eaubonne , near Paris , where Ernst painted numerous murals . The same year his works were exhibited at Salon des IndΓ©pendants .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Although apparently accepting the mΓ©nage Γ trois , Γluard eventually became more concerned about the affair . In 1924 , he abruptly left , first for Monaco and then for Saigon . He soon asked his wife and Max Ernst to join him ; both had to sell paintings to finance the trip . Ernst went to DΓΌsseldorf and sold a large number of his works to a long-time friend , Johanna Ey , owner of gallery Das Junge Rheinland . After a brief time together in Saigon , the trio decided that Gala would remain with Paul . The",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Γluards returned to Eaubonne in early September , while Ernst followed them some months later , after exploring more of South-East Asia . He returned to Paris in late 1924 and soon signed a contract with Jacques Viot that allowed him to paint full-time . In 1925 , Ernst established a studio at 22 , rue Tourlaque .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "In 1925 , Ernst invented a graphic art technique called frottage ( see Surrealist techniques ) , which uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images . He also created the grattage technique , in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath . He used this technique in his famous painting Forest and Dove ( as shown at the Tate Modern ) . The next year he collaborated with Joan MirΓ³ on designs for Sergei Diaghilev . With MirΓ³s help , Ernst developed grattage , in which he trowelled pigment",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "from his canvases . He also explored with the technique of decalcomania , which involves pressing paint between two surfaces . Ernst was also active , along with fellow Surrealists , at the Atelier 17 .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Ernst developed a fascination with birds that was prevalent in his work . His alter ego in paintings , which he called Loplop , was a bird . He suggested that this alter-ego was an extension of himself stemming from an early confusion of birds and humans . He said that one night when he was young , he woke up and found that his beloved bird had died ; a few minutes later , his father announced that his sister was born . Loplop often appeared in collages of other artists work , such as Loplop presents AndrΓ© Breton",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": ". Ernst drew a great deal of controversy with his 1926 painting The Virgin Chastises the infant Jesus before Three Witnesses : AndrΓ© Breton , Paul Γluard , and the Painter . In 1927 , Ernst married and it is thought his relationship with her may have inspired the erotic subject matter of The Kiss and other works of that year . Ernst appeared in the 1930 film LΓge dOr , directed by the Surrealist Luis BuΓ±uel . Ernst began to sculpt in 1934 and spent time with Alberto Giacometti . In 1938 , the American heiress and artistic patron",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Peggy Guggenheim acquired a number of Max Ernsts works , which she displayed in her new gallery in London . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim were married from 1942 to 1946 .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "In September 1939 , the outbreak of World War II caused Ernst to be interned as an undesirable foreigner in Camp des Milles , near Aix-en-Provence , along with fellow Surrealist , Hans Bellmer , who had recently emigrated to Paris . He had been living with his lover and fellow Surrealist painter , Leonora Carrington who , not knowing whether he would return , saw no option but to sell their house to repay their debts and leave for Spain . Thanks to the intercession of Paul Γluard and other friends , including the journalist Varian Fry , he",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "was released a few weeks later . Soon after the German occupation of France , he was arrested again , this time by the Gestapo but managed to escape and flee to America with the help of Peggy Guggenheim , a member of a wealthy American art collecting family , and Fry . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim arrived in the United States in 1941 and were married at the end of the year . Along with other artists and friends ( Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall ) who had fled from the war and lived in New York City ,",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Ernst helped inspire the development of Abstract expressionism .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "His marriage to Guggenheim did not last and in Beverly Hills , California in October 1946 , in a double ceremony with Man Ray and Juliet P . Browner , he married Dorothea Tanning . The couple made their home in Sedona , Arizona from 1946 to 1953 , where the high desert landscapes inspired them and recalled Ernsts earlier imagery . Despite the fact that Sedona was remote and populated by fewer than 400 ranchers , orchard workers , merchants and small Native American communities , their presence helped begin what would become an American artists colony . Among",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "the monumental red rocks , Ernst built a small cottage by hand on Brewer Road and he and Tanning hosted intellectuals and European artists such as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Yves Tanguy . Sedona proved an inspiration for the artists and for Ernst , who compiled his book Beyond Painting and completed his sculptural masterpiece Capricorn while living there . As a result of the book and its publicity , Ernst began to achieve financial success . From the 1950s he lived mainly in France . In 1954 he was awarded the Grand Prize for painting at the Venice Biennale .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "He died at the age of 84 on 1 April 1976 in Paris and was interred at Père Lachaise Cemetery .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": " Ernsts son Jimmy Ernst , a well-known German/American abstract expressionist painter , who lived on the south shore of Long Island , died in 1984 . His memoirs , A Not-So-Still Life , were published shortly before his death . Max Ernsts grandson Eric and his granddaughter Amy are both artists and writers .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "Max Ernsts life and career are examined in Peter Schamonis 1991 documentary Max Ernst . Dedicated to the art historian Werner Spies , it was assembled from interviews with Ernst , stills of his paintings and sculptures , and the memoirs of his wife Dorothea Tanning and son Jimmy . The 101-minute German film was released on DVD with English subtitles by Image Entertainment .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "The Max Ernst Museum opened in 2005 in his home town BrΓΌhl , Germany . It is housed in a late-classicist 1844 building integrated with a modern glass pavilion . The historic ballroom was once a popular social venue visited by Ernst in his youth . The collection spans 70 years of his career including paintings , drawings , frottages , collages , nearly the entire lithographic works , over 70 bronze sculptures . and more than 700 documents and photographs by Man Ray , Henri Cartier-Bresson , Lee Miller , and others . The core of the collection dates",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "back to 1969 with works donated to the City of BrΓΌhl by the artist . Thirty-six paintings , gifts from the artist to his fourth wife Dorothea Tanning , are on permanent loan from the Kreissparkasse KΓΆln . Some noteworthy works include the sculptures The King playing with the Queen ( 1944 ) and Teaching Staff for a School of Murderers ( 1967 ) . The museum also host temporary exhibitions by other artist .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "The Menil Collection , in Houston , Texas houses a significant collection of surrealist art including well over 100 pieces by Max Ernst . Notable paintings include In Praise of Freedom ( 1926 ) , Loplop Presents Loplop ( 1930 ) , Day and Night ( 1941β1942 ) , Surrealism and Painting ( 1942 ) , Euclid ( 1945 ) , A Swarm of Bees in the Palais de Justice ( 1960 ) , The Marriage of Heaven and Earth ( 1964 ) . Ernsts work in the Menil Collection is typically exhibited a few pieces at a time along",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "with other surrealist art in the collection on a rotating basis .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " Exhibitions , retrospectives , and honors . - Venice Biennale , Venice ( 1954 ) , received Grand Prize for Painting - MusΓ©e National dArt Moderne Paris ( 1959 ) , awarded the Grand Prix national des arts - Museum of Modern Art , New York ( 1961 ) - Tate Gallery , London ( 1962 ) - Kunsthaus ZΓΌrich ( 1963 ) - Moderna Museet , Stockholm ( 1969 )",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "- A retrospective of 104 works spanning the years 1920β1968 , drawn entirely from the Menil Collection , toured Europe from 1970 to 1972 ( Hamburger Kunsthalle , Kestnergesellschaft , Frankfurter Kunstverein , Academy of Arts , Berlin , Kunsthalle , Cologne , MusΓ©e de lOrangerie , MusΓ©e Cantini , Maison de la Culture de Grenoble , Ancienne Douane ( Strasbourg ) , MusΓ©e dArts de Nantes ) and later the US ( Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art , Fogg Art Museum , The Art Institute of Chicago , Solomon R . Guggenheim Museum ) . The opening of the exhibition",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "in Paris was augmented with 44 pieces from various collations and opened on 2 April 1971 , Max Ernsts 80th birthday .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "- In 2005 , Max Ernst : A Retrospective opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and included works such as Celebes ( 1921 ) , Ubu Imperator ( 1923 ) , and Fireside Angel ( 1937 ) , which is one of Ernsts few definitively political pieces and is sub-titled The Triumph of Surrealism depicting a raging bird-like creature that symbolises the wave of fascism that enveloped Europe . The exhibition also includes Ernsts works that experiment with free association writing and the techniques of frottage , created from a rubbing from a textured surface ; grattage , involving",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "scratching at the surface of a painting ; and decalcomania , which involves altering a wet painting by pressing a second surface against it and taking it away .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " - Dada is Dada retrospective group exhibition at Bildmuseet , UmeΓ₯ University , Sweden , running from 17 November 2017 to 20 May 2018 .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " Ernst in modern culture . - Many of Ernsts works from Une Semaine de BontΓ© are used in albums by American rock group The Mars Volta . Also , Barefoot in the Head , a collaboration between guitarist Thurston Moore and saxophonists Jim Sauter and Don Dietrich of Borbetomagus , features a collage from this same book .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": "- American rock group Mission of Burma titled two songs after the artist : Max Ernst was the b-side of their first 1980 single ( now included on the CD of Signals , Calls and Marches ) , mentioning two of Ernsts paintings ( The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus and Garden Airplane-Trap ) and ending with the words Dada dada dada .. . repeated many times and distorted via tape loop ; their 2002 album OnOffOn features Max Ernsts Dream .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": " - Writer J . G . Ballard makes numerous references to the art works of Max Ernst in his breakthrough novel The Drowned World ( 1962 ) and the experimental collection of short stories The Atrocity Exhibition ( 1970 ) . - Europe After the Rain was used by musician John Foxx as the title for the opening track of his 1981 album The Garden .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": "- Max Ernst himself , and some of his work , is mentioned in William Gibsons novel Count Zero ( 1986 ) , the second novel of the Sprawl trilogy , an influential set of books which established the cyberpunk subgenre of science-fiction",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": " - ( The ) Eye of Silence was used by musician Cavestar ( Kevin Crosslin ) as the title of a track from his 1997 album Cavestar . - The first edition of the Penguin paperback edition of James Blishs A Case of Conscience uses details from The Eye of Silence as cover art . - Ernsts alter-ego Loplop appears in China MiΓ©villes 1998 debut novel King Rat , the Garden Aeroplane Trap also ( literally ) appears in Mievielles The Last Days of New Paris .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": "- German experimental electronic musician Thomas Brinkmann has made numerous references to Max Ernst and Loplop in his productions and record labels .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": " Prints , collages , and illustrations . - Illustrations for books by Paul Γluard : RΓ©pΓ©titions ( 1922 ) , Les malheurs des immortels ( 1922 ) , Au dΓ©faut du silence ( 1925 ) - Histoire Naturelle ( ca . 1925β1926 ) , a set of 34 collotypes after frottages - La femme 100 tΓͺtes ( 1929 , graphic novel ) - RΓͺve dune petite fille qui voulut entrer au carmel ( 1930 , graphic novel ) - Une Semaine de BontΓ© ( 1934 , graphic novel )",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Illustrations for editions of works by Lewis Carroll : Symbolic Logic ( 1966 , under the title Logique sans peine ) , The Hunting of the Snark ( 1968 ) , and Lewis Carrols Wunderhorn ( 1970 , an anthology of texts )",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Deux Oiseaux ( 1970 , lithograph in colours ) - Aux petits agneaux ( 1971 , lithographs ) - Paysage marin avec capucin ( 1972 , illustrated book with essays by various authors ) - Maximiliana : the illegal practice of astronomy : hommage Γ Dorothea Tanning ( 1974 , art book ) - Oiseaux en peril ( 1975 , etchings with aquatint in colours ; published posthumously )",
"title": "Selected works"
}
] |
/wiki/Max_Ernst#P27#1
|
What was the nationality of Max Ernst between Apr 1951 and Mar 1957?
|
Max Ernst Max Ernst ( 2 April 1891 β 1 April 1976 ) was a German ( naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958 ) painter , sculptor , graphic artist , and poet . A prolific artist , Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism . He had no formal artistic training , but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottageβa technique that uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of imagesβand grattage , an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath . He is also noted for his novels consisting of collages . Biography . Early life . Max Ernst was born in BrΓΌhl , near Cologne , the third of nine children of a middle-class Catholic family . His father Philipp was a teacher of the deaf and an amateur painter , a devout Christian and a strict disciplinarian . He inspired in Max a penchant for defying authority , while his interest in painting and sketching in nature influenced Max to take up painting . In 1909 , Ernst enrolled in the University of Bonn to read philosophy , art history , literature , psychology and psychiatry . He visited asylums and became fascinated with the art work of the mentally ill patients ; he also started painting that year , producing sketches in the garden of the BrΓΌhl castle , and portraits of his sister and himself . In 1911 , Ernst befriended August Macke and joined his Die Rheinischen Expressionisten group of artists , deciding to become an artist . In 1912 , he visited the Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne , where works by Pablo Picasso and post-Impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin profoundly influenced him . His work was exhibited that year together with that of the Das Junge Rheinland group , at Galerie Feldman in Cologne , and then in several group exhibitions in 1913 . In his paintings of this period , Ernst adopted an ironic style that juxtaposed grotesque elements alongside Cubist and Expressionist motifs . In 1914 , Ernst met Hans Arp in Cologne . The two became friends and their relationship lasted for fifty years . After Ernst completed his studies in the summer , his life was interrupted by World War I . Ernst was drafted and served both on the Western and the Eastern Fronts . The effect of the war on Ernst was devastating ; in his autobiography , he wrote of his time in the army thus : On the first of August 1914 M [ ax ] .E [ rnst ] . died . He was resurrected on the eleventh of November 1918 . For a brief period on the Western Front , Ernst was assigned to chart maps , which allowed him to continue painting . Several German Expressionist painters died in action during the war , among them August Macke and Franz Marc . Dada and surrealism . In 1918 , Ernst was demobilised and returned to Cologne . He soon married art history student Luise Straus , whom he had met in 1914 . In 1919 , Ernst visited Paul Klee in Munich and studied paintings by Giorgio de Chirico . The same year , inspired by de Chirico and mail-order catalogues , teaching-aide manuals and similar sources , he produced his first collages ( notably Fiat modes , a portfolio of lithographs ) , a technique which would dominate his artistic pursuits . Also in 1919 , Ernst , social activist Johannes Theodor Baargeld and several colleagues founded the Cologne Dada group . In 1919β20 , Ernst and Baargeld published various short-lived magazines such as Der Strom , die Schammade and organised Dada exhibitions . Ernst and Luises son Ulrich Jimmy Ernst was born on 24 June 1920 ; he also became a painter . Ernsts marriage to Luise was short-lived . In 1921 , he met Paul Γluard , who became a lifelong friend . Γluard bought two of Ernsts paintings ( Celebes and Oedipus Rex ) and selected six collages to illustrate his poetry collection RΓ©pΓ©titions . A year later the two collaborated on Les malheurs des immortels and then with AndrΓ© Breton , whom Ernst met in 1921 , on the magazine LittΓ©rature . In 1922 , unable to secure the necessary papers , Ernst entered France illegally and settled into a mΓ©nage Γ trois with Γluard and his wife Gala in Paris suburb Saint-Brice , leaving behind his wife and son . During his first two years in Paris , Ernst took various odd jobs to make a living and continued to paint . In 1923 , the Γluards moved to a new home in Eaubonne , near Paris , where Ernst painted numerous murals . The same year his works were exhibited at Salon des IndΓ©pendants . Although apparently accepting the mΓ©nage Γ trois , Γluard eventually became more concerned about the affair . In 1924 , he abruptly left , first for Monaco and then for Saigon . He soon asked his wife and Max Ernst to join him ; both had to sell paintings to finance the trip . Ernst went to DΓΌsseldorf and sold a large number of his works to a long-time friend , Johanna Ey , owner of gallery Das Junge Rheinland . After a brief time together in Saigon , the trio decided that Gala would remain with Paul . The Γluards returned to Eaubonne in early September , while Ernst followed them some months later , after exploring more of South-East Asia . He returned to Paris in late 1924 and soon signed a contract with Jacques Viot that allowed him to paint full-time . In 1925 , Ernst established a studio at 22 , rue Tourlaque . In 1925 , Ernst invented a graphic art technique called frottage ( see Surrealist techniques ) , which uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images . He also created the grattage technique , in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath . He used this technique in his famous painting Forest and Dove ( as shown at the Tate Modern ) . The next year he collaborated with Joan MirΓ³ on designs for Sergei Diaghilev . With MirΓ³s help , Ernst developed grattage , in which he trowelled pigment from his canvases . He also explored with the technique of decalcomania , which involves pressing paint between two surfaces . Ernst was also active , along with fellow Surrealists , at the Atelier 17 . Ernst developed a fascination with birds that was prevalent in his work . His alter ego in paintings , which he called Loplop , was a bird . He suggested that this alter-ego was an extension of himself stemming from an early confusion of birds and humans . He said that one night when he was young , he woke up and found that his beloved bird had died ; a few minutes later , his father announced that his sister was born . Loplop often appeared in collages of other artists work , such as Loplop presents AndrΓ© Breton . Ernst drew a great deal of controversy with his 1926 painting The Virgin Chastises the infant Jesus before Three Witnesses : AndrΓ© Breton , Paul Γluard , and the Painter . In 1927 , Ernst married and it is thought his relationship with her may have inspired the erotic subject matter of The Kiss and other works of that year . Ernst appeared in the 1930 film LΓge dOr , directed by the Surrealist Luis BuΓ±uel . Ernst began to sculpt in 1934 and spent time with Alberto Giacometti . In 1938 , the American heiress and artistic patron Peggy Guggenheim acquired a number of Max Ernsts works , which she displayed in her new gallery in London . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim were married from 1942 to 1946 . World War II and later life . In September 1939 , the outbreak of World War II caused Ernst to be interned as an undesirable foreigner in Camp des Milles , near Aix-en-Provence , along with fellow Surrealist , Hans Bellmer , who had recently emigrated to Paris . He had been living with his lover and fellow Surrealist painter , Leonora Carrington who , not knowing whether he would return , saw no option but to sell their house to repay their debts and leave for Spain . Thanks to the intercession of Paul Γluard and other friends , including the journalist Varian Fry , he was released a few weeks later . Soon after the German occupation of France , he was arrested again , this time by the Gestapo but managed to escape and flee to America with the help of Peggy Guggenheim , a member of a wealthy American art collecting family , and Fry . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim arrived in the United States in 1941 and were married at the end of the year . Along with other artists and friends ( Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall ) who had fled from the war and lived in New York City , Ernst helped inspire the development of Abstract expressionism . His marriage to Guggenheim did not last and in Beverly Hills , California in October 1946 , in a double ceremony with Man Ray and Juliet P . Browner , he married Dorothea Tanning . The couple made their home in Sedona , Arizona from 1946 to 1953 , where the high desert landscapes inspired them and recalled Ernsts earlier imagery . Despite the fact that Sedona was remote and populated by fewer than 400 ranchers , orchard workers , merchants and small Native American communities , their presence helped begin what would become an American artists colony . Among the monumental red rocks , Ernst built a small cottage by hand on Brewer Road and he and Tanning hosted intellectuals and European artists such as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Yves Tanguy . Sedona proved an inspiration for the artists and for Ernst , who compiled his book Beyond Painting and completed his sculptural masterpiece Capricorn while living there . As a result of the book and its publicity , Ernst began to achieve financial success . From the 1950s he lived mainly in France . In 1954 he was awarded the Grand Prize for painting at the Venice Biennale . He died at the age of 84 on 1 April 1976 in Paris and was interred at PΓ¨re Lachaise Cemetery . Legacy . Ernsts son Jimmy Ernst , a well-known German/American abstract expressionist painter , who lived on the south shore of Long Island , died in 1984 . His memoirs , A Not-So-Still Life , were published shortly before his death . Max Ernsts grandson Eric and his granddaughter Amy are both artists and writers . Max Ernsts life and career are examined in Peter Schamonis 1991 documentary Max Ernst . Dedicated to the art historian Werner Spies , it was assembled from interviews with Ernst , stills of his paintings and sculptures , and the memoirs of his wife Dorothea Tanning and son Jimmy . The 101-minute German film was released on DVD with English subtitles by Image Entertainment . The Max Ernst Museum opened in 2005 in his home town BrΓΌhl , Germany . It is housed in a late-classicist 1844 building integrated with a modern glass pavilion . The historic ballroom was once a popular social venue visited by Ernst in his youth . The collection spans 70 years of his career including paintings , drawings , frottages , collages , nearly the entire lithographic works , over 70 bronze sculptures . and more than 700 documents and photographs by Man Ray , Henri Cartier-Bresson , Lee Miller , and others . The core of the collection dates back to 1969 with works donated to the City of BrΓΌhl by the artist . Thirty-six paintings , gifts from the artist to his fourth wife Dorothea Tanning , are on permanent loan from the Kreissparkasse KΓΆln . Some noteworthy works include the sculptures The King playing with the Queen ( 1944 ) and Teaching Staff for a School of Murderers ( 1967 ) . The museum also host temporary exhibitions by other artist . The Menil Collection , in Houston , Texas houses a significant collection of surrealist art including well over 100 pieces by Max Ernst . Notable paintings include In Praise of Freedom ( 1926 ) , Loplop Presents Loplop ( 1930 ) , Day and Night ( 1941β1942 ) , Surrealism and Painting ( 1942 ) , Euclid ( 1945 ) , A Swarm of Bees in the Palais de Justice ( 1960 ) , The Marriage of Heaven and Earth ( 1964 ) . Ernsts work in the Menil Collection is typically exhibited a few pieces at a time along with other surrealist art in the collection on a rotating basis . Exhibitions , retrospectives , and honors . - Venice Biennale , Venice ( 1954 ) , received Grand Prize for Painting - MusΓ©e National dArt Moderne Paris ( 1959 ) , awarded the Grand Prix national des arts - Museum of Modern Art , New York ( 1961 ) - Tate Gallery , London ( 1962 ) - Kunsthaus ZΓΌrich ( 1963 ) - Moderna Museet , Stockholm ( 1969 ) - A retrospective of 104 works spanning the years 1920β1968 , drawn entirely from the Menil Collection , toured Europe from 1970 to 1972 ( Hamburger Kunsthalle , Kestnergesellschaft , Frankfurter Kunstverein , Academy of Arts , Berlin , Kunsthalle , Cologne , MusΓ©e de lOrangerie , MusΓ©e Cantini , Maison de la Culture de Grenoble , Ancienne Douane ( Strasbourg ) , MusΓ©e dArts de Nantes ) and later the US ( Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art , Fogg Art Museum , The Art Institute of Chicago , Solomon R . Guggenheim Museum ) . The opening of the exhibition in Paris was augmented with 44 pieces from various collations and opened on 2 April 1971 , Max Ernsts 80th birthday . - In 2005 , Max Ernst : A Retrospective opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and included works such as Celebes ( 1921 ) , Ubu Imperator ( 1923 ) , and Fireside Angel ( 1937 ) , which is one of Ernsts few definitively political pieces and is sub-titled The Triumph of Surrealism depicting a raging bird-like creature that symbolises the wave of fascism that enveloped Europe . The exhibition also includes Ernsts works that experiment with free association writing and the techniques of frottage , created from a rubbing from a textured surface ; grattage , involving scratching at the surface of a painting ; and decalcomania , which involves altering a wet painting by pressing a second surface against it and taking it away . - Dada is Dada retrospective group exhibition at Bildmuseet , UmeΓ₯ University , Sweden , running from 17 November 2017 to 20 May 2018 . Documentary images Ernst in modern culture . - Many of Ernsts works from Une Semaine de BontΓ© are used in albums by American rock group The Mars Volta . Also , Barefoot in the Head , a collaboration between guitarist Thurston Moore and saxophonists Jim Sauter and Don Dietrich of Borbetomagus , features a collage from this same book . - American rock group Mission of Burma titled two songs after the artist : Max Ernst was the b-side of their first 1980 single ( now included on the CD of Signals , Calls and Marches ) , mentioning two of Ernsts paintings ( The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus and Garden Airplane-Trap ) and ending with the words Dada dada dada .. . repeated many times and distorted via tape loop ; their 2002 album OnOffOn features Max Ernsts Dream . - Writer J . G . Ballard makes numerous references to the art works of Max Ernst in his breakthrough novel The Drowned World ( 1962 ) and the experimental collection of short stories The Atrocity Exhibition ( 1970 ) . - Europe After the Rain was used by musician John Foxx as the title for the opening track of his 1981 album The Garden . - Max Ernst himself , and some of his work , is mentioned in William Gibsons novel Count Zero ( 1986 ) , the second novel of the Sprawl trilogy , an influential set of books which established the cyberpunk subgenre of science-fiction - ( The ) Eye of Silence was used by musician Cavestar ( Kevin Crosslin ) as the title of a track from his 1997 album Cavestar . - The first edition of the Penguin paperback edition of James Blishs A Case of Conscience uses details from The Eye of Silence as cover art . - Ernsts alter-ego Loplop appears in China MiΓ©villes 1998 debut novel King Rat , the Garden Aeroplane Trap also ( literally ) appears in Mievielles The Last Days of New Paris . - German experimental electronic musician Thomas Brinkmann has made numerous references to Max Ernst and Loplop in his productions and record labels . Selected works . Prints , collages , and illustrations . - Illustrations for books by Paul Γluard : RΓ©pΓ©titions ( 1922 ) , Les malheurs des immortels ( 1922 ) , Au dΓ©faut du silence ( 1925 ) - Histoire Naturelle ( ca . 1925β1926 ) , a set of 34 collotypes after frottages - La femme 100 tΓͺtes ( 1929 , graphic novel ) - RΓͺve dune petite fille qui voulut entrer au carmel ( 1930 , graphic novel ) - Une Semaine de BontΓ© ( 1934 , graphic novel ) - Illustrations for editions of works by Lewis Carroll : Symbolic Logic ( 1966 , under the title Logique sans peine ) , The Hunting of the Snark ( 1968 ) , and Lewis Carrols Wunderhorn ( 1970 , an anthology of texts ) - Deux Oiseaux ( 1970 , lithograph in colours ) - Aux petits agneaux ( 1971 , lithographs ) - Paysage marin avec capucin ( 1972 , illustrated book with essays by various authors ) - Maximiliana : the illegal practice of astronomy : hommage Γ Dorothea Tanning ( 1974 , art book ) - Oiseaux en peril ( 1975 , etchings with aquatint in colours ; published posthumously )
|
[
"American"
] |
[
{
"text": "Max Ernst ( 2 April 1891 β 1 April 1976 ) was a German ( naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958 ) painter , sculptor , graphic artist , and poet . A prolific artist , Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism . He had no formal artistic training , but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottageβa technique that uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of imagesβand grattage , an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints",
"title": "Max Ernst"
},
{
"text": "of the objects placed beneath . He is also noted for his novels consisting of collages .",
"title": "Max Ernst"
},
{
"text": "Max Ernst was born in BrΓΌhl , near Cologne , the third of nine children of a middle-class Catholic family . His father Philipp was a teacher of the deaf and an amateur painter , a devout Christian and a strict disciplinarian . He inspired in Max a penchant for defying authority , while his interest in painting and sketching in nature influenced Max to take up painting . In 1909 , Ernst enrolled in the University of Bonn to read philosophy , art history , literature , psychology and psychiatry . He visited asylums and became fascinated with the",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "art work of the mentally ill patients ; he also started painting that year , producing sketches in the garden of the BrΓΌhl castle , and portraits of his sister and himself . In 1911 , Ernst befriended August Macke and joined his Die Rheinischen Expressionisten group of artists , deciding to become an artist .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1912 , he visited the Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne , where works by Pablo Picasso and post-Impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin profoundly influenced him . His work was exhibited that year together with that of the Das Junge Rheinland group , at Galerie Feldman in Cologne , and then in several group exhibitions in 1913 . In his paintings of this period , Ernst adopted an ironic style that juxtaposed grotesque elements alongside Cubist and Expressionist motifs .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1914 , Ernst met Hans Arp in Cologne . The two became friends and their relationship lasted for fifty years . After Ernst completed his studies in the summer , his life was interrupted by World War I . Ernst was drafted and served both on the Western and the Eastern Fronts . The effect of the war on Ernst was devastating ; in his autobiography , he wrote of his time in the army thus : On the first of August 1914 M [ ax ] .E [ rnst ] . died . He was resurrected on the",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "eleventh of November 1918 . For a brief period on the Western Front , Ernst was assigned to chart maps , which allowed him to continue painting . Several German Expressionist painters died in action during the war , among them August Macke and Franz Marc .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1918 , Ernst was demobilised and returned to Cologne . He soon married art history student Luise Straus , whom he had met in 1914 . In 1919 , Ernst visited Paul Klee in Munich and studied paintings by Giorgio de Chirico . The same year , inspired by de Chirico and mail-order catalogues , teaching-aide manuals and similar sources , he produced his first collages ( notably Fiat modes , a portfolio of lithographs ) , a technique which would dominate his artistic pursuits . Also in 1919 , Ernst , social activist Johannes Theodor Baargeld and several",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "colleagues founded the Cologne Dada group . In 1919β20 , Ernst and Baargeld published various short-lived magazines such as Der Strom , die Schammade and organised Dada exhibitions .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Ernst and Luises son Ulrich Jimmy Ernst was born on 24 June 1920 ; he also became a painter . Ernsts marriage to Luise was short-lived . In 1921 , he met Paul Γluard , who became a lifelong friend . Γluard bought two of Ernsts paintings ( Celebes and Oedipus Rex ) and selected six collages to illustrate his poetry collection RΓ©pΓ©titions . A year later the two collaborated on Les malheurs des immortels and then with AndrΓ© Breton , whom Ernst met in 1921 , on the magazine LittΓ©rature . In 1922 , unable to secure the necessary",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "papers , Ernst entered France illegally and settled into a mΓ©nage Γ trois with Γluard and his wife Gala in Paris suburb Saint-Brice , leaving behind his wife and son . During his first two years in Paris , Ernst took various odd jobs to make a living and continued to paint . In 1923 , the Γluards moved to a new home in Eaubonne , near Paris , where Ernst painted numerous murals . The same year his works were exhibited at Salon des IndΓ©pendants .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Although apparently accepting the mΓ©nage Γ trois , Γluard eventually became more concerned about the affair . In 1924 , he abruptly left , first for Monaco and then for Saigon . He soon asked his wife and Max Ernst to join him ; both had to sell paintings to finance the trip . Ernst went to DΓΌsseldorf and sold a large number of his works to a long-time friend , Johanna Ey , owner of gallery Das Junge Rheinland . After a brief time together in Saigon , the trio decided that Gala would remain with Paul . The",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Γluards returned to Eaubonne in early September , while Ernst followed them some months later , after exploring more of South-East Asia . He returned to Paris in late 1924 and soon signed a contract with Jacques Viot that allowed him to paint full-time . In 1925 , Ernst established a studio at 22 , rue Tourlaque .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "In 1925 , Ernst invented a graphic art technique called frottage ( see Surrealist techniques ) , which uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images . He also created the grattage technique , in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath . He used this technique in his famous painting Forest and Dove ( as shown at the Tate Modern ) . The next year he collaborated with Joan MirΓ³ on designs for Sergei Diaghilev . With MirΓ³s help , Ernst developed grattage , in which he trowelled pigment",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "from his canvases . He also explored with the technique of decalcomania , which involves pressing paint between two surfaces . Ernst was also active , along with fellow Surrealists , at the Atelier 17 .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Ernst developed a fascination with birds that was prevalent in his work . His alter ego in paintings , which he called Loplop , was a bird . He suggested that this alter-ego was an extension of himself stemming from an early confusion of birds and humans . He said that one night when he was young , he woke up and found that his beloved bird had died ; a few minutes later , his father announced that his sister was born . Loplop often appeared in collages of other artists work , such as Loplop presents AndrΓ© Breton",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": ". Ernst drew a great deal of controversy with his 1926 painting The Virgin Chastises the infant Jesus before Three Witnesses : AndrΓ© Breton , Paul Γluard , and the Painter . In 1927 , Ernst married and it is thought his relationship with her may have inspired the erotic subject matter of The Kiss and other works of that year . Ernst appeared in the 1930 film LΓge dOr , directed by the Surrealist Luis BuΓ±uel . Ernst began to sculpt in 1934 and spent time with Alberto Giacometti . In 1938 , the American heiress and artistic patron",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Peggy Guggenheim acquired a number of Max Ernsts works , which she displayed in her new gallery in London . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim were married from 1942 to 1946 .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "In September 1939 , the outbreak of World War II caused Ernst to be interned as an undesirable foreigner in Camp des Milles , near Aix-en-Provence , along with fellow Surrealist , Hans Bellmer , who had recently emigrated to Paris . He had been living with his lover and fellow Surrealist painter , Leonora Carrington who , not knowing whether he would return , saw no option but to sell their house to repay their debts and leave for Spain . Thanks to the intercession of Paul Γluard and other friends , including the journalist Varian Fry , he",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "was released a few weeks later . Soon after the German occupation of France , he was arrested again , this time by the Gestapo but managed to escape and flee to America with the help of Peggy Guggenheim , a member of a wealthy American art collecting family , and Fry . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim arrived in the United States in 1941 and were married at the end of the year . Along with other artists and friends ( Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall ) who had fled from the war and lived in New York City ,",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Ernst helped inspire the development of Abstract expressionism .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "His marriage to Guggenheim did not last and in Beverly Hills , California in October 1946 , in a double ceremony with Man Ray and Juliet P . Browner , he married Dorothea Tanning . The couple made their home in Sedona , Arizona from 1946 to 1953 , where the high desert landscapes inspired them and recalled Ernsts earlier imagery . Despite the fact that Sedona was remote and populated by fewer than 400 ranchers , orchard workers , merchants and small Native American communities , their presence helped begin what would become an American artists colony . Among",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "the monumental red rocks , Ernst built a small cottage by hand on Brewer Road and he and Tanning hosted intellectuals and European artists such as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Yves Tanguy . Sedona proved an inspiration for the artists and for Ernst , who compiled his book Beyond Painting and completed his sculptural masterpiece Capricorn while living there . As a result of the book and its publicity , Ernst began to achieve financial success . From the 1950s he lived mainly in France . In 1954 he was awarded the Grand Prize for painting at the Venice Biennale .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "He died at the age of 84 on 1 April 1976 in Paris and was interred at Père Lachaise Cemetery .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": " Ernsts son Jimmy Ernst , a well-known German/American abstract expressionist painter , who lived on the south shore of Long Island , died in 1984 . His memoirs , A Not-So-Still Life , were published shortly before his death . Max Ernsts grandson Eric and his granddaughter Amy are both artists and writers .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "Max Ernsts life and career are examined in Peter Schamonis 1991 documentary Max Ernst . Dedicated to the art historian Werner Spies , it was assembled from interviews with Ernst , stills of his paintings and sculptures , and the memoirs of his wife Dorothea Tanning and son Jimmy . The 101-minute German film was released on DVD with English subtitles by Image Entertainment .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "The Max Ernst Museum opened in 2005 in his home town BrΓΌhl , Germany . It is housed in a late-classicist 1844 building integrated with a modern glass pavilion . The historic ballroom was once a popular social venue visited by Ernst in his youth . The collection spans 70 years of his career including paintings , drawings , frottages , collages , nearly the entire lithographic works , over 70 bronze sculptures . and more than 700 documents and photographs by Man Ray , Henri Cartier-Bresson , Lee Miller , and others . The core of the collection dates",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "back to 1969 with works donated to the City of BrΓΌhl by the artist . Thirty-six paintings , gifts from the artist to his fourth wife Dorothea Tanning , are on permanent loan from the Kreissparkasse KΓΆln . Some noteworthy works include the sculptures The King playing with the Queen ( 1944 ) and Teaching Staff for a School of Murderers ( 1967 ) . The museum also host temporary exhibitions by other artist .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "The Menil Collection , in Houston , Texas houses a significant collection of surrealist art including well over 100 pieces by Max Ernst . Notable paintings include In Praise of Freedom ( 1926 ) , Loplop Presents Loplop ( 1930 ) , Day and Night ( 1941β1942 ) , Surrealism and Painting ( 1942 ) , Euclid ( 1945 ) , A Swarm of Bees in the Palais de Justice ( 1960 ) , The Marriage of Heaven and Earth ( 1964 ) . Ernsts work in the Menil Collection is typically exhibited a few pieces at a time along",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "with other surrealist art in the collection on a rotating basis .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " Exhibitions , retrospectives , and honors . - Venice Biennale , Venice ( 1954 ) , received Grand Prize for Painting - MusΓ©e National dArt Moderne Paris ( 1959 ) , awarded the Grand Prix national des arts - Museum of Modern Art , New York ( 1961 ) - Tate Gallery , London ( 1962 ) - Kunsthaus ZΓΌrich ( 1963 ) - Moderna Museet , Stockholm ( 1969 )",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "- A retrospective of 104 works spanning the years 1920β1968 , drawn entirely from the Menil Collection , toured Europe from 1970 to 1972 ( Hamburger Kunsthalle , Kestnergesellschaft , Frankfurter Kunstverein , Academy of Arts , Berlin , Kunsthalle , Cologne , MusΓ©e de lOrangerie , MusΓ©e Cantini , Maison de la Culture de Grenoble , Ancienne Douane ( Strasbourg ) , MusΓ©e dArts de Nantes ) and later the US ( Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art , Fogg Art Museum , The Art Institute of Chicago , Solomon R . Guggenheim Museum ) . The opening of the exhibition",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "in Paris was augmented with 44 pieces from various collations and opened on 2 April 1971 , Max Ernsts 80th birthday .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "- In 2005 , Max Ernst : A Retrospective opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and included works such as Celebes ( 1921 ) , Ubu Imperator ( 1923 ) , and Fireside Angel ( 1937 ) , which is one of Ernsts few definitively political pieces and is sub-titled The Triumph of Surrealism depicting a raging bird-like creature that symbolises the wave of fascism that enveloped Europe . The exhibition also includes Ernsts works that experiment with free association writing and the techniques of frottage , created from a rubbing from a textured surface ; grattage , involving",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "scratching at the surface of a painting ; and decalcomania , which involves altering a wet painting by pressing a second surface against it and taking it away .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " - Dada is Dada retrospective group exhibition at Bildmuseet , UmeΓ₯ University , Sweden , running from 17 November 2017 to 20 May 2018 .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " Ernst in modern culture . - Many of Ernsts works from Une Semaine de BontΓ© are used in albums by American rock group The Mars Volta . Also , Barefoot in the Head , a collaboration between guitarist Thurston Moore and saxophonists Jim Sauter and Don Dietrich of Borbetomagus , features a collage from this same book .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": "- American rock group Mission of Burma titled two songs after the artist : Max Ernst was the b-side of their first 1980 single ( now included on the CD of Signals , Calls and Marches ) , mentioning two of Ernsts paintings ( The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus and Garden Airplane-Trap ) and ending with the words Dada dada dada .. . repeated many times and distorted via tape loop ; their 2002 album OnOffOn features Max Ernsts Dream .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": " - Writer J . G . Ballard makes numerous references to the art works of Max Ernst in his breakthrough novel The Drowned World ( 1962 ) and the experimental collection of short stories The Atrocity Exhibition ( 1970 ) . - Europe After the Rain was used by musician John Foxx as the title for the opening track of his 1981 album The Garden .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": "- Max Ernst himself , and some of his work , is mentioned in William Gibsons novel Count Zero ( 1986 ) , the second novel of the Sprawl trilogy , an influential set of books which established the cyberpunk subgenre of science-fiction",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": " - ( The ) Eye of Silence was used by musician Cavestar ( Kevin Crosslin ) as the title of a track from his 1997 album Cavestar . - The first edition of the Penguin paperback edition of James Blishs A Case of Conscience uses details from The Eye of Silence as cover art . - Ernsts alter-ego Loplop appears in China MiΓ©villes 1998 debut novel King Rat , the Garden Aeroplane Trap also ( literally ) appears in Mievielles The Last Days of New Paris .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": "- German experimental electronic musician Thomas Brinkmann has made numerous references to Max Ernst and Loplop in his productions and record labels .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": " Prints , collages , and illustrations . - Illustrations for books by Paul Γluard : RΓ©pΓ©titions ( 1922 ) , Les malheurs des immortels ( 1922 ) , Au dΓ©faut du silence ( 1925 ) - Histoire Naturelle ( ca . 1925β1926 ) , a set of 34 collotypes after frottages - La femme 100 tΓͺtes ( 1929 , graphic novel ) - RΓͺve dune petite fille qui voulut entrer au carmel ( 1930 , graphic novel ) - Une Semaine de BontΓ© ( 1934 , graphic novel )",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Illustrations for editions of works by Lewis Carroll : Symbolic Logic ( 1966 , under the title Logique sans peine ) , The Hunting of the Snark ( 1968 ) , and Lewis Carrols Wunderhorn ( 1970 , an anthology of texts )",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Deux Oiseaux ( 1970 , lithograph in colours ) - Aux petits agneaux ( 1971 , lithographs ) - Paysage marin avec capucin ( 1972 , illustrated book with essays by various authors ) - Maximiliana : the illegal practice of astronomy : hommage Γ Dorothea Tanning ( 1974 , art book ) - Oiseaux en peril ( 1975 , etchings with aquatint in colours ; published posthumously )",
"title": "Selected works"
}
] |
/wiki/Max_Ernst#P27#2
|
What was the nationality of Max Ernst between Mar 1958 and May 1958?
|
Max Ernst Max Ernst ( 2 April 1891 β 1 April 1976 ) was a German ( naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958 ) painter , sculptor , graphic artist , and poet . A prolific artist , Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism . He had no formal artistic training , but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottageβa technique that uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of imagesβand grattage , an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath . He is also noted for his novels consisting of collages . Biography . Early life . Max Ernst was born in BrΓΌhl , near Cologne , the third of nine children of a middle-class Catholic family . His father Philipp was a teacher of the deaf and an amateur painter , a devout Christian and a strict disciplinarian . He inspired in Max a penchant for defying authority , while his interest in painting and sketching in nature influenced Max to take up painting . In 1909 , Ernst enrolled in the University of Bonn to read philosophy , art history , literature , psychology and psychiatry . He visited asylums and became fascinated with the art work of the mentally ill patients ; he also started painting that year , producing sketches in the garden of the BrΓΌhl castle , and portraits of his sister and himself . In 1911 , Ernst befriended August Macke and joined his Die Rheinischen Expressionisten group of artists , deciding to become an artist . In 1912 , he visited the Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne , where works by Pablo Picasso and post-Impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin profoundly influenced him . His work was exhibited that year together with that of the Das Junge Rheinland group , at Galerie Feldman in Cologne , and then in several group exhibitions in 1913 . In his paintings of this period , Ernst adopted an ironic style that juxtaposed grotesque elements alongside Cubist and Expressionist motifs . In 1914 , Ernst met Hans Arp in Cologne . The two became friends and their relationship lasted for fifty years . After Ernst completed his studies in the summer , his life was interrupted by World War I . Ernst was drafted and served both on the Western and the Eastern Fronts . The effect of the war on Ernst was devastating ; in his autobiography , he wrote of his time in the army thus : On the first of August 1914 M [ ax ] .E [ rnst ] . died . He was resurrected on the eleventh of November 1918 . For a brief period on the Western Front , Ernst was assigned to chart maps , which allowed him to continue painting . Several German Expressionist painters died in action during the war , among them August Macke and Franz Marc . Dada and surrealism . In 1918 , Ernst was demobilised and returned to Cologne . He soon married art history student Luise Straus , whom he had met in 1914 . In 1919 , Ernst visited Paul Klee in Munich and studied paintings by Giorgio de Chirico . The same year , inspired by de Chirico and mail-order catalogues , teaching-aide manuals and similar sources , he produced his first collages ( notably Fiat modes , a portfolio of lithographs ) , a technique which would dominate his artistic pursuits . Also in 1919 , Ernst , social activist Johannes Theodor Baargeld and several colleagues founded the Cologne Dada group . In 1919β20 , Ernst and Baargeld published various short-lived magazines such as Der Strom , die Schammade and organised Dada exhibitions . Ernst and Luises son Ulrich Jimmy Ernst was born on 24 June 1920 ; he also became a painter . Ernsts marriage to Luise was short-lived . In 1921 , he met Paul Γluard , who became a lifelong friend . Γluard bought two of Ernsts paintings ( Celebes and Oedipus Rex ) and selected six collages to illustrate his poetry collection RΓ©pΓ©titions . A year later the two collaborated on Les malheurs des immortels and then with AndrΓ© Breton , whom Ernst met in 1921 , on the magazine LittΓ©rature . In 1922 , unable to secure the necessary papers , Ernst entered France illegally and settled into a mΓ©nage Γ trois with Γluard and his wife Gala in Paris suburb Saint-Brice , leaving behind his wife and son . During his first two years in Paris , Ernst took various odd jobs to make a living and continued to paint . In 1923 , the Γluards moved to a new home in Eaubonne , near Paris , where Ernst painted numerous murals . The same year his works were exhibited at Salon des IndΓ©pendants . Although apparently accepting the mΓ©nage Γ trois , Γluard eventually became more concerned about the affair . In 1924 , he abruptly left , first for Monaco and then for Saigon . He soon asked his wife and Max Ernst to join him ; both had to sell paintings to finance the trip . Ernst went to DΓΌsseldorf and sold a large number of his works to a long-time friend , Johanna Ey , owner of gallery Das Junge Rheinland . After a brief time together in Saigon , the trio decided that Gala would remain with Paul . The Γluards returned to Eaubonne in early September , while Ernst followed them some months later , after exploring more of South-East Asia . He returned to Paris in late 1924 and soon signed a contract with Jacques Viot that allowed him to paint full-time . In 1925 , Ernst established a studio at 22 , rue Tourlaque . In 1925 , Ernst invented a graphic art technique called frottage ( see Surrealist techniques ) , which uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images . He also created the grattage technique , in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath . He used this technique in his famous painting Forest and Dove ( as shown at the Tate Modern ) . The next year he collaborated with Joan MirΓ³ on designs for Sergei Diaghilev . With MirΓ³s help , Ernst developed grattage , in which he trowelled pigment from his canvases . He also explored with the technique of decalcomania , which involves pressing paint between two surfaces . Ernst was also active , along with fellow Surrealists , at the Atelier 17 . Ernst developed a fascination with birds that was prevalent in his work . His alter ego in paintings , which he called Loplop , was a bird . He suggested that this alter-ego was an extension of himself stemming from an early confusion of birds and humans . He said that one night when he was young , he woke up and found that his beloved bird had died ; a few minutes later , his father announced that his sister was born . Loplop often appeared in collages of other artists work , such as Loplop presents AndrΓ© Breton . Ernst drew a great deal of controversy with his 1926 painting The Virgin Chastises the infant Jesus before Three Witnesses : AndrΓ© Breton , Paul Γluard , and the Painter . In 1927 , Ernst married and it is thought his relationship with her may have inspired the erotic subject matter of The Kiss and other works of that year . Ernst appeared in the 1930 film LΓge dOr , directed by the Surrealist Luis BuΓ±uel . Ernst began to sculpt in 1934 and spent time with Alberto Giacometti . In 1938 , the American heiress and artistic patron Peggy Guggenheim acquired a number of Max Ernsts works , which she displayed in her new gallery in London . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim were married from 1942 to 1946 . World War II and later life . In September 1939 , the outbreak of World War II caused Ernst to be interned as an undesirable foreigner in Camp des Milles , near Aix-en-Provence , along with fellow Surrealist , Hans Bellmer , who had recently emigrated to Paris . He had been living with his lover and fellow Surrealist painter , Leonora Carrington who , not knowing whether he would return , saw no option but to sell their house to repay their debts and leave for Spain . Thanks to the intercession of Paul Γluard and other friends , including the journalist Varian Fry , he was released a few weeks later . Soon after the German occupation of France , he was arrested again , this time by the Gestapo but managed to escape and flee to America with the help of Peggy Guggenheim , a member of a wealthy American art collecting family , and Fry . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim arrived in the United States in 1941 and were married at the end of the year . Along with other artists and friends ( Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall ) who had fled from the war and lived in New York City , Ernst helped inspire the development of Abstract expressionism . His marriage to Guggenheim did not last and in Beverly Hills , California in October 1946 , in a double ceremony with Man Ray and Juliet P . Browner , he married Dorothea Tanning . The couple made their home in Sedona , Arizona from 1946 to 1953 , where the high desert landscapes inspired them and recalled Ernsts earlier imagery . Despite the fact that Sedona was remote and populated by fewer than 400 ranchers , orchard workers , merchants and small Native American communities , their presence helped begin what would become an American artists colony . Among the monumental red rocks , Ernst built a small cottage by hand on Brewer Road and he and Tanning hosted intellectuals and European artists such as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Yves Tanguy . Sedona proved an inspiration for the artists and for Ernst , who compiled his book Beyond Painting and completed his sculptural masterpiece Capricorn while living there . As a result of the book and its publicity , Ernst began to achieve financial success . From the 1950s he lived mainly in France . In 1954 he was awarded the Grand Prize for painting at the Venice Biennale . He died at the age of 84 on 1 April 1976 in Paris and was interred at PΓ¨re Lachaise Cemetery . Legacy . Ernsts son Jimmy Ernst , a well-known German/American abstract expressionist painter , who lived on the south shore of Long Island , died in 1984 . His memoirs , A Not-So-Still Life , were published shortly before his death . Max Ernsts grandson Eric and his granddaughter Amy are both artists and writers . Max Ernsts life and career are examined in Peter Schamonis 1991 documentary Max Ernst . Dedicated to the art historian Werner Spies , it was assembled from interviews with Ernst , stills of his paintings and sculptures , and the memoirs of his wife Dorothea Tanning and son Jimmy . The 101-minute German film was released on DVD with English subtitles by Image Entertainment . The Max Ernst Museum opened in 2005 in his home town BrΓΌhl , Germany . It is housed in a late-classicist 1844 building integrated with a modern glass pavilion . The historic ballroom was once a popular social venue visited by Ernst in his youth . The collection spans 70 years of his career including paintings , drawings , frottages , collages , nearly the entire lithographic works , over 70 bronze sculptures . and more than 700 documents and photographs by Man Ray , Henri Cartier-Bresson , Lee Miller , and others . The core of the collection dates back to 1969 with works donated to the City of BrΓΌhl by the artist . Thirty-six paintings , gifts from the artist to his fourth wife Dorothea Tanning , are on permanent loan from the Kreissparkasse KΓΆln . Some noteworthy works include the sculptures The King playing with the Queen ( 1944 ) and Teaching Staff for a School of Murderers ( 1967 ) . The museum also host temporary exhibitions by other artist . The Menil Collection , in Houston , Texas houses a significant collection of surrealist art including well over 100 pieces by Max Ernst . Notable paintings include In Praise of Freedom ( 1926 ) , Loplop Presents Loplop ( 1930 ) , Day and Night ( 1941β1942 ) , Surrealism and Painting ( 1942 ) , Euclid ( 1945 ) , A Swarm of Bees in the Palais de Justice ( 1960 ) , The Marriage of Heaven and Earth ( 1964 ) . Ernsts work in the Menil Collection is typically exhibited a few pieces at a time along with other surrealist art in the collection on a rotating basis . Exhibitions , retrospectives , and honors . - Venice Biennale , Venice ( 1954 ) , received Grand Prize for Painting - MusΓ©e National dArt Moderne Paris ( 1959 ) , awarded the Grand Prix national des arts - Museum of Modern Art , New York ( 1961 ) - Tate Gallery , London ( 1962 ) - Kunsthaus ZΓΌrich ( 1963 ) - Moderna Museet , Stockholm ( 1969 ) - A retrospective of 104 works spanning the years 1920β1968 , drawn entirely from the Menil Collection , toured Europe from 1970 to 1972 ( Hamburger Kunsthalle , Kestnergesellschaft , Frankfurter Kunstverein , Academy of Arts , Berlin , Kunsthalle , Cologne , MusΓ©e de lOrangerie , MusΓ©e Cantini , Maison de la Culture de Grenoble , Ancienne Douane ( Strasbourg ) , MusΓ©e dArts de Nantes ) and later the US ( Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art , Fogg Art Museum , The Art Institute of Chicago , Solomon R . Guggenheim Museum ) . The opening of the exhibition in Paris was augmented with 44 pieces from various collations and opened on 2 April 1971 , Max Ernsts 80th birthday . - In 2005 , Max Ernst : A Retrospective opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and included works such as Celebes ( 1921 ) , Ubu Imperator ( 1923 ) , and Fireside Angel ( 1937 ) , which is one of Ernsts few definitively political pieces and is sub-titled The Triumph of Surrealism depicting a raging bird-like creature that symbolises the wave of fascism that enveloped Europe . The exhibition also includes Ernsts works that experiment with free association writing and the techniques of frottage , created from a rubbing from a textured surface ; grattage , involving scratching at the surface of a painting ; and decalcomania , which involves altering a wet painting by pressing a second surface against it and taking it away . - Dada is Dada retrospective group exhibition at Bildmuseet , UmeΓ₯ University , Sweden , running from 17 November 2017 to 20 May 2018 . Documentary images Ernst in modern culture . - Many of Ernsts works from Une Semaine de BontΓ© are used in albums by American rock group The Mars Volta . Also , Barefoot in the Head , a collaboration between guitarist Thurston Moore and saxophonists Jim Sauter and Don Dietrich of Borbetomagus , features a collage from this same book . - American rock group Mission of Burma titled two songs after the artist : Max Ernst was the b-side of their first 1980 single ( now included on the CD of Signals , Calls and Marches ) , mentioning two of Ernsts paintings ( The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus and Garden Airplane-Trap ) and ending with the words Dada dada dada .. . repeated many times and distorted via tape loop ; their 2002 album OnOffOn features Max Ernsts Dream . - Writer J . G . Ballard makes numerous references to the art works of Max Ernst in his breakthrough novel The Drowned World ( 1962 ) and the experimental collection of short stories The Atrocity Exhibition ( 1970 ) . - Europe After the Rain was used by musician John Foxx as the title for the opening track of his 1981 album The Garden . - Max Ernst himself , and some of his work , is mentioned in William Gibsons novel Count Zero ( 1986 ) , the second novel of the Sprawl trilogy , an influential set of books which established the cyberpunk subgenre of science-fiction - ( The ) Eye of Silence was used by musician Cavestar ( Kevin Crosslin ) as the title of a track from his 1997 album Cavestar . - The first edition of the Penguin paperback edition of James Blishs A Case of Conscience uses details from The Eye of Silence as cover art . - Ernsts alter-ego Loplop appears in China MiΓ©villes 1998 debut novel King Rat , the Garden Aeroplane Trap also ( literally ) appears in Mievielles The Last Days of New Paris . - German experimental electronic musician Thomas Brinkmann has made numerous references to Max Ernst and Loplop in his productions and record labels . Selected works . Prints , collages , and illustrations . - Illustrations for books by Paul Γluard : RΓ©pΓ©titions ( 1922 ) , Les malheurs des immortels ( 1922 ) , Au dΓ©faut du silence ( 1925 ) - Histoire Naturelle ( ca . 1925β1926 ) , a set of 34 collotypes after frottages - La femme 100 tΓͺtes ( 1929 , graphic novel ) - RΓͺve dune petite fille qui voulut entrer au carmel ( 1930 , graphic novel ) - Une Semaine de BontΓ© ( 1934 , graphic novel ) - Illustrations for editions of works by Lewis Carroll : Symbolic Logic ( 1966 , under the title Logique sans peine ) , The Hunting of the Snark ( 1968 ) , and Lewis Carrols Wunderhorn ( 1970 , an anthology of texts ) - Deux Oiseaux ( 1970 , lithograph in colours ) - Aux petits agneaux ( 1971 , lithographs ) - Paysage marin avec capucin ( 1972 , illustrated book with essays by various authors ) - Maximiliana : the illegal practice of astronomy : hommage Γ Dorothea Tanning ( 1974 , art book ) - Oiseaux en peril ( 1975 , etchings with aquatint in colours ; published posthumously )
|
[
"French"
] |
[
{
"text": "Max Ernst ( 2 April 1891 β 1 April 1976 ) was a German ( naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958 ) painter , sculptor , graphic artist , and poet . A prolific artist , Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism . He had no formal artistic training , but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottageβa technique that uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of imagesβand grattage , an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints",
"title": "Max Ernst"
},
{
"text": "of the objects placed beneath . He is also noted for his novels consisting of collages .",
"title": "Max Ernst"
},
{
"text": "Max Ernst was born in BrΓΌhl , near Cologne , the third of nine children of a middle-class Catholic family . His father Philipp was a teacher of the deaf and an amateur painter , a devout Christian and a strict disciplinarian . He inspired in Max a penchant for defying authority , while his interest in painting and sketching in nature influenced Max to take up painting . In 1909 , Ernst enrolled in the University of Bonn to read philosophy , art history , literature , psychology and psychiatry . He visited asylums and became fascinated with the",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "art work of the mentally ill patients ; he also started painting that year , producing sketches in the garden of the BrΓΌhl castle , and portraits of his sister and himself . In 1911 , Ernst befriended August Macke and joined his Die Rheinischen Expressionisten group of artists , deciding to become an artist .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1912 , he visited the Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne , where works by Pablo Picasso and post-Impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin profoundly influenced him . His work was exhibited that year together with that of the Das Junge Rheinland group , at Galerie Feldman in Cologne , and then in several group exhibitions in 1913 . In his paintings of this period , Ernst adopted an ironic style that juxtaposed grotesque elements alongside Cubist and Expressionist motifs .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1914 , Ernst met Hans Arp in Cologne . The two became friends and their relationship lasted for fifty years . After Ernst completed his studies in the summer , his life was interrupted by World War I . Ernst was drafted and served both on the Western and the Eastern Fronts . The effect of the war on Ernst was devastating ; in his autobiography , he wrote of his time in the army thus : On the first of August 1914 M [ ax ] .E [ rnst ] . died . He was resurrected on the",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "eleventh of November 1918 . For a brief period on the Western Front , Ernst was assigned to chart maps , which allowed him to continue painting . Several German Expressionist painters died in action during the war , among them August Macke and Franz Marc .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1918 , Ernst was demobilised and returned to Cologne . He soon married art history student Luise Straus , whom he had met in 1914 . In 1919 , Ernst visited Paul Klee in Munich and studied paintings by Giorgio de Chirico . The same year , inspired by de Chirico and mail-order catalogues , teaching-aide manuals and similar sources , he produced his first collages ( notably Fiat modes , a portfolio of lithographs ) , a technique which would dominate his artistic pursuits . Also in 1919 , Ernst , social activist Johannes Theodor Baargeld and several",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "colleagues founded the Cologne Dada group . In 1919β20 , Ernst and Baargeld published various short-lived magazines such as Der Strom , die Schammade and organised Dada exhibitions .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Ernst and Luises son Ulrich Jimmy Ernst was born on 24 June 1920 ; he also became a painter . Ernsts marriage to Luise was short-lived . In 1921 , he met Paul Γluard , who became a lifelong friend . Γluard bought two of Ernsts paintings ( Celebes and Oedipus Rex ) and selected six collages to illustrate his poetry collection RΓ©pΓ©titions . A year later the two collaborated on Les malheurs des immortels and then with AndrΓ© Breton , whom Ernst met in 1921 , on the magazine LittΓ©rature . In 1922 , unable to secure the necessary",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "papers , Ernst entered France illegally and settled into a mΓ©nage Γ trois with Γluard and his wife Gala in Paris suburb Saint-Brice , leaving behind his wife and son . During his first two years in Paris , Ernst took various odd jobs to make a living and continued to paint . In 1923 , the Γluards moved to a new home in Eaubonne , near Paris , where Ernst painted numerous murals . The same year his works were exhibited at Salon des IndΓ©pendants .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Although apparently accepting the mΓ©nage Γ trois , Γluard eventually became more concerned about the affair . In 1924 , he abruptly left , first for Monaco and then for Saigon . He soon asked his wife and Max Ernst to join him ; both had to sell paintings to finance the trip . Ernst went to DΓΌsseldorf and sold a large number of his works to a long-time friend , Johanna Ey , owner of gallery Das Junge Rheinland . After a brief time together in Saigon , the trio decided that Gala would remain with Paul . The",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Γluards returned to Eaubonne in early September , while Ernst followed them some months later , after exploring more of South-East Asia . He returned to Paris in late 1924 and soon signed a contract with Jacques Viot that allowed him to paint full-time . In 1925 , Ernst established a studio at 22 , rue Tourlaque .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "In 1925 , Ernst invented a graphic art technique called frottage ( see Surrealist techniques ) , which uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images . He also created the grattage technique , in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath . He used this technique in his famous painting Forest and Dove ( as shown at the Tate Modern ) . The next year he collaborated with Joan MirΓ³ on designs for Sergei Diaghilev . With MirΓ³s help , Ernst developed grattage , in which he trowelled pigment",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "from his canvases . He also explored with the technique of decalcomania , which involves pressing paint between two surfaces . Ernst was also active , along with fellow Surrealists , at the Atelier 17 .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Ernst developed a fascination with birds that was prevalent in his work . His alter ego in paintings , which he called Loplop , was a bird . He suggested that this alter-ego was an extension of himself stemming from an early confusion of birds and humans . He said that one night when he was young , he woke up and found that his beloved bird had died ; a few minutes later , his father announced that his sister was born . Loplop often appeared in collages of other artists work , such as Loplop presents AndrΓ© Breton",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": ". Ernst drew a great deal of controversy with his 1926 painting The Virgin Chastises the infant Jesus before Three Witnesses : AndrΓ© Breton , Paul Γluard , and the Painter . In 1927 , Ernst married and it is thought his relationship with her may have inspired the erotic subject matter of The Kiss and other works of that year . Ernst appeared in the 1930 film LΓge dOr , directed by the Surrealist Luis BuΓ±uel . Ernst began to sculpt in 1934 and spent time with Alberto Giacometti . In 1938 , the American heiress and artistic patron",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Peggy Guggenheim acquired a number of Max Ernsts works , which she displayed in her new gallery in London . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim were married from 1942 to 1946 .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "In September 1939 , the outbreak of World War II caused Ernst to be interned as an undesirable foreigner in Camp des Milles , near Aix-en-Provence , along with fellow Surrealist , Hans Bellmer , who had recently emigrated to Paris . He had been living with his lover and fellow Surrealist painter , Leonora Carrington who , not knowing whether he would return , saw no option but to sell their house to repay their debts and leave for Spain . Thanks to the intercession of Paul Γluard and other friends , including the journalist Varian Fry , he",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "was released a few weeks later . Soon after the German occupation of France , he was arrested again , this time by the Gestapo but managed to escape and flee to America with the help of Peggy Guggenheim , a member of a wealthy American art collecting family , and Fry . Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim arrived in the United States in 1941 and were married at the end of the year . Along with other artists and friends ( Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall ) who had fled from the war and lived in New York City ,",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "Ernst helped inspire the development of Abstract expressionism .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "His marriage to Guggenheim did not last and in Beverly Hills , California in October 1946 , in a double ceremony with Man Ray and Juliet P . Browner , he married Dorothea Tanning . The couple made their home in Sedona , Arizona from 1946 to 1953 , where the high desert landscapes inspired them and recalled Ernsts earlier imagery . Despite the fact that Sedona was remote and populated by fewer than 400 ranchers , orchard workers , merchants and small Native American communities , their presence helped begin what would become an American artists colony . Among",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "the monumental red rocks , Ernst built a small cottage by hand on Brewer Road and he and Tanning hosted intellectuals and European artists such as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Yves Tanguy . Sedona proved an inspiration for the artists and for Ernst , who compiled his book Beyond Painting and completed his sculptural masterpiece Capricorn while living there . As a result of the book and its publicity , Ernst began to achieve financial success . From the 1950s he lived mainly in France . In 1954 he was awarded the Grand Prize for painting at the Venice Biennale .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": "He died at the age of 84 on 1 April 1976 in Paris and was interred at Père Lachaise Cemetery .",
"title": "Dada and surrealism"
},
{
"text": " Ernsts son Jimmy Ernst , a well-known German/American abstract expressionist painter , who lived on the south shore of Long Island , died in 1984 . His memoirs , A Not-So-Still Life , were published shortly before his death . Max Ernsts grandson Eric and his granddaughter Amy are both artists and writers .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "Max Ernsts life and career are examined in Peter Schamonis 1991 documentary Max Ernst . Dedicated to the art historian Werner Spies , it was assembled from interviews with Ernst , stills of his paintings and sculptures , and the memoirs of his wife Dorothea Tanning and son Jimmy . The 101-minute German film was released on DVD with English subtitles by Image Entertainment .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "The Max Ernst Museum opened in 2005 in his home town BrΓΌhl , Germany . It is housed in a late-classicist 1844 building integrated with a modern glass pavilion . The historic ballroom was once a popular social venue visited by Ernst in his youth . The collection spans 70 years of his career including paintings , drawings , frottages , collages , nearly the entire lithographic works , over 70 bronze sculptures . and more than 700 documents and photographs by Man Ray , Henri Cartier-Bresson , Lee Miller , and others . The core of the collection dates",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "back to 1969 with works donated to the City of BrΓΌhl by the artist . Thirty-six paintings , gifts from the artist to his fourth wife Dorothea Tanning , are on permanent loan from the Kreissparkasse KΓΆln . Some noteworthy works include the sculptures The King playing with the Queen ( 1944 ) and Teaching Staff for a School of Murderers ( 1967 ) . The museum also host temporary exhibitions by other artist .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "The Menil Collection , in Houston , Texas houses a significant collection of surrealist art including well over 100 pieces by Max Ernst . Notable paintings include In Praise of Freedom ( 1926 ) , Loplop Presents Loplop ( 1930 ) , Day and Night ( 1941β1942 ) , Surrealism and Painting ( 1942 ) , Euclid ( 1945 ) , A Swarm of Bees in the Palais de Justice ( 1960 ) , The Marriage of Heaven and Earth ( 1964 ) . Ernsts work in the Menil Collection is typically exhibited a few pieces at a time along",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "with other surrealist art in the collection on a rotating basis .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " Exhibitions , retrospectives , and honors . - Venice Biennale , Venice ( 1954 ) , received Grand Prize for Painting - MusΓ©e National dArt Moderne Paris ( 1959 ) , awarded the Grand Prix national des arts - Museum of Modern Art , New York ( 1961 ) - Tate Gallery , London ( 1962 ) - Kunsthaus ZΓΌrich ( 1963 ) - Moderna Museet , Stockholm ( 1969 )",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "- A retrospective of 104 works spanning the years 1920β1968 , drawn entirely from the Menil Collection , toured Europe from 1970 to 1972 ( Hamburger Kunsthalle , Kestnergesellschaft , Frankfurter Kunstverein , Academy of Arts , Berlin , Kunsthalle , Cologne , MusΓ©e de lOrangerie , MusΓ©e Cantini , Maison de la Culture de Grenoble , Ancienne Douane ( Strasbourg ) , MusΓ©e dArts de Nantes ) and later the US ( Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art , Fogg Art Museum , The Art Institute of Chicago , Solomon R . Guggenheim Museum ) . The opening of the exhibition",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "in Paris was augmented with 44 pieces from various collations and opened on 2 April 1971 , Max Ernsts 80th birthday .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "- In 2005 , Max Ernst : A Retrospective opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and included works such as Celebes ( 1921 ) , Ubu Imperator ( 1923 ) , and Fireside Angel ( 1937 ) , which is one of Ernsts few definitively political pieces and is sub-titled The Triumph of Surrealism depicting a raging bird-like creature that symbolises the wave of fascism that enveloped Europe . The exhibition also includes Ernsts works that experiment with free association writing and the techniques of frottage , created from a rubbing from a textured surface ; grattage , involving",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "scratching at the surface of a painting ; and decalcomania , which involves altering a wet painting by pressing a second surface against it and taking it away .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " - Dada is Dada retrospective group exhibition at Bildmuseet , UmeΓ₯ University , Sweden , running from 17 November 2017 to 20 May 2018 .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " Ernst in modern culture . - Many of Ernsts works from Une Semaine de BontΓ© are used in albums by American rock group The Mars Volta . Also , Barefoot in the Head , a collaboration between guitarist Thurston Moore and saxophonists Jim Sauter and Don Dietrich of Borbetomagus , features a collage from this same book .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": "- American rock group Mission of Burma titled two songs after the artist : Max Ernst was the b-side of their first 1980 single ( now included on the CD of Signals , Calls and Marches ) , mentioning two of Ernsts paintings ( The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus and Garden Airplane-Trap ) and ending with the words Dada dada dada .. . repeated many times and distorted via tape loop ; their 2002 album OnOffOn features Max Ernsts Dream .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": " - Writer J . G . Ballard makes numerous references to the art works of Max Ernst in his breakthrough novel The Drowned World ( 1962 ) and the experimental collection of short stories The Atrocity Exhibition ( 1970 ) . - Europe After the Rain was used by musician John Foxx as the title for the opening track of his 1981 album The Garden .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": "- Max Ernst himself , and some of his work , is mentioned in William Gibsons novel Count Zero ( 1986 ) , the second novel of the Sprawl trilogy , an influential set of books which established the cyberpunk subgenre of science-fiction",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": " - ( The ) Eye of Silence was used by musician Cavestar ( Kevin Crosslin ) as the title of a track from his 1997 album Cavestar . - The first edition of the Penguin paperback edition of James Blishs A Case of Conscience uses details from The Eye of Silence as cover art . - Ernsts alter-ego Loplop appears in China MiΓ©villes 1998 debut novel King Rat , the Garden Aeroplane Trap also ( literally ) appears in Mievielles The Last Days of New Paris .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": "- German experimental electronic musician Thomas Brinkmann has made numerous references to Max Ernst and Loplop in his productions and record labels .",
"title": "Documentary images"
},
{
"text": " Prints , collages , and illustrations . - Illustrations for books by Paul Γluard : RΓ©pΓ©titions ( 1922 ) , Les malheurs des immortels ( 1922 ) , Au dΓ©faut du silence ( 1925 ) - Histoire Naturelle ( ca . 1925β1926 ) , a set of 34 collotypes after frottages - La femme 100 tΓͺtes ( 1929 , graphic novel ) - RΓͺve dune petite fille qui voulut entrer au carmel ( 1930 , graphic novel ) - Une Semaine de BontΓ© ( 1934 , graphic novel )",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Illustrations for editions of works by Lewis Carroll : Symbolic Logic ( 1966 , under the title Logique sans peine ) , The Hunting of the Snark ( 1968 ) , and Lewis Carrols Wunderhorn ( 1970 , an anthology of texts )",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Deux Oiseaux ( 1970 , lithograph in colours ) - Aux petits agneaux ( 1971 , lithographs ) - Paysage marin avec capucin ( 1972 , illustrated book with essays by various authors ) - Maximiliana : the illegal practice of astronomy : hommage Γ Dorothea Tanning ( 1974 , art book ) - Oiseaux en peril ( 1975 , etchings with aquatint in colours ; published posthumously )",
"title": "Selected works"
}
] |
/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency#P1037#0
|
Who directed or managed International Atomic Energy Agency before Apr 1958?
|
International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council . The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy . The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation . The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 . History . In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank . The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 . Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 . Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security . On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General . On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December 2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency . Structure and function . General . The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification . The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the Secretariat . The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology . The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century . In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims . The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans . To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design . Board of Governors . The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia , the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela . The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman . General Conference . The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) . The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations . Secretariat . The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation , and Management . The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range . Missions . The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety . Peaceful uses . According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training . Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment . Safeguards . Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy . The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations . Nuclear safety . The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation . The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed . Criticism . In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests . The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan . Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California : It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) . In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold . Membership . The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA . The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments . Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 . Regional Cooperative Agreements . There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions : AFRA . The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) : ARASIA . Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) : RCA . Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) : ARCAL . Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) : Publications . Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .
|
[
"W . Sterling Cole"
] |
[
{
"text": " The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "Secretariat .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": ", the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": " The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation ,",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": "and Management .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety .",
"title": "Missions"
},
{
"text": " According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": "by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California :",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions :",
"title": "Regional Cooperative Agreements"
},
{
"text": " The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) :",
"title": "AFRA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) :",
"title": "ARASIA"
},
{
"text": " Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) :",
"title": "RCA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) :",
"title": "ARCAL"
},
{
"text": " Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency#P1037#1
|
Who directed or managed International Atomic Energy Agency in Jan 1963?
|
International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council . The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy . The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation . The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 . History . In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank . The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 . Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 . Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security . On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General . On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December 2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency . Structure and function . General . The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification . The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the Secretariat . The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology . The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century . In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims . The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans . To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design . Board of Governors . The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia , the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela . The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman . General Conference . The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) . The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations . Secretariat . The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation , and Management . The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range . Missions . The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety . Peaceful uses . According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training . Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment . Safeguards . Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy . The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations . Nuclear safety . The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation . The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed . Criticism . In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests . The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan . Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California : It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) . In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold . Membership . The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA . The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments . Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 . Regional Cooperative Agreements . There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions : AFRA . The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) : ARASIA . Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) : RCA . Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) : ARCAL . Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) : Publications . Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .
|
[
"Sigvard Eklund"
] |
[
{
"text": " The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "Secretariat .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": ", the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": " The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation ,",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": "and Management .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety .",
"title": "Missions"
},
{
"text": " According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": "by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California :",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions :",
"title": "Regional Cooperative Agreements"
},
{
"text": " The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) :",
"title": "AFRA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) :",
"title": "ARASIA"
},
{
"text": " Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) :",
"title": "RCA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) :",
"title": "ARCAL"
},
{
"text": " Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency#P1037#2
|
Who directed or managed International Atomic Energy Agency in late 1980s?
|
International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council . The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy . The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation . The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 . History . In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank . The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 . Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 . Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security . On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General . On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December 2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency . Structure and function . General . The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification . The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the Secretariat . The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology . The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century . In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims . The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans . To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design . Board of Governors . The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia , the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela . The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman . General Conference . The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) . The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations . Secretariat . The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation , and Management . The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range . Missions . The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety . Peaceful uses . According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training . Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment . Safeguards . Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy . The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations . Nuclear safety . The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation . The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed . Criticism . In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests . The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan . Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California : It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) . In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold . Membership . The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA . The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments . Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 . Regional Cooperative Agreements . There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions : AFRA . The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) : ARASIA . Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) : RCA . Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) : ARCAL . Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) : Publications . Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .
|
[
"Hans Blix"
] |
[
{
"text": " The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "Secretariat .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": ", the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": " The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation ,",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": "and Management .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety .",
"title": "Missions"
},
{
"text": " According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": "by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California :",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions :",
"title": "Regional Cooperative Agreements"
},
{
"text": " The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) :",
"title": "AFRA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) :",
"title": "ARASIA"
},
{
"text": " Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) :",
"title": "RCA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) :",
"title": "ARCAL"
},
{
"text": " Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency#P1037#3
|
Who directed or managed International Atomic Energy Agency between Aug 1997 and Sep 2006?
|
International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council . The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy . The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation . The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 . History . In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank . The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 . Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 . Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security . On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General . On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December 2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency . Structure and function . General . The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification . The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the Secretariat . The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology . The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century . In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims . The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans . To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design . Board of Governors . The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia , the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela . The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman . General Conference . The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) . The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations . Secretariat . The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation , and Management . The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range . Missions . The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety . Peaceful uses . According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training . Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment . Safeguards . Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy . The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations . Nuclear safety . The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation . The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed . Criticism . In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests . The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan . Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California : It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) . In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold . Membership . The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA . The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments . Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 . Regional Cooperative Agreements . There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions : AFRA . The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) : ARASIA . Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) : RCA . Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) : ARCAL . Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) : Publications . Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .
|
[
"Mohamed ElBaradei"
] |
[
{
"text": " The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "Secretariat .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": ", the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": " The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation ,",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": "and Management .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety .",
"title": "Missions"
},
{
"text": " According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": "by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California :",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions :",
"title": "Regional Cooperative Agreements"
},
{
"text": " The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) :",
"title": "AFRA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) :",
"title": "ARASIA"
},
{
"text": " Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) :",
"title": "RCA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) :",
"title": "ARCAL"
},
{
"text": " Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency#P1037#4
|
Who directed or managed International Atomic Energy Agency between Jun 2013 and Jan 2016?
|
International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council . The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy . The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation . The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 . History . In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank . The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 . Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 . Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security . On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General . On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December 2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency . Structure and function . General . The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification . The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the Secretariat . The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology . The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century . In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims . The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans . To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design . Board of Governors . The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia , the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela . The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman . General Conference . The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) . The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations . Secretariat . The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation , and Management . The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range . Missions . The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety . Peaceful uses . According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training . Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment . Safeguards . Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy . The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations . Nuclear safety . The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation . The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed . Criticism . In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests . The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan . Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California : It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) . In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold . Membership . The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA . The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments . Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 . Regional Cooperative Agreements . There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions : AFRA . The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) : ARASIA . Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) : RCA . Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) : ARCAL . Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) : Publications . Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .
|
[
"Yukiya Amano"
] |
[
{
"text": " The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "Secretariat .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": ", the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": " The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation ,",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": "and Management .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety .",
"title": "Missions"
},
{
"text": " According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": "by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California :",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions :",
"title": "Regional Cooperative Agreements"
},
{
"text": " The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) :",
"title": "AFRA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) :",
"title": "ARASIA"
},
{
"text": " Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) :",
"title": "RCA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) :",
"title": "ARCAL"
},
{
"text": " Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency#P1037#5
|
Who directed or managed International Atomic Energy Agency between Mar 2020 and May 2020?
|
International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council . The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy . The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation . The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 . History . In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank . The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 . Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 . Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security . On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General . On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December 2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency . Structure and function . General . The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification . The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the Secretariat . The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology . The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century . In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims . The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans . To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design . Board of Governors . The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia , the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela . The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman . General Conference . The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) . The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations . Secretariat . The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation , and Management . The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range . Missions . The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety . Peaceful uses . According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training . Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment . Safeguards . Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy . The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations . Nuclear safety . The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation . The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan . In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed . Criticism . In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests . The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan . Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California : It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) . In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold . Membership . The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA . The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments . Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 . Regional Cooperative Agreements . There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions : AFRA . The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) : ARASIA . Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) : RCA . Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) : ARCAL . Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) : Publications . Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .
|
[
"Rafael Grossi"
] |
[
{
"text": " The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and to inhibit its use for any military purpose , including nuclear weapons . The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957 . Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty , the IAEA Statute , the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria . The IAEA has two Regional Safeguards Offices which are located in Toronto , Canada , and in Tokyo , Japan . The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City , United States , and in Geneva , Switzerland . In addition , the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria , in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide . The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy , science and technology , provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials , and promote nuclear safety ( including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards and their implementation .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA and its former Director General , Mohamed ElBaradei , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005 . The current Director General is Rafael Grossi , an Argentinian diplomat who previously served as an IAEAs chief of cabinet , whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEAs General Conference on 2 December 2019 , as the successor of Yukiya Amano , who died in July 2019 .",
"title": "International Atomic Energy Agency"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , U.S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power ( nuclear power ) , in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly . In September 1954 , the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons . This agency would establish a kind of nuclear bank .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power . By November 1954 , it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to a disarmament first , but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible . From 8 to 20 August 1955 , the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva , Switzerland . In October 1957 , a Conference on the IAEA Statute",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA , which was negotiated in 1955β1957 by a group of twelve countries . The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Former US Congressman W . Sterling Cole served as the IAEAs first Director General from 1957 to 1961 . Cole served only one term , after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades : the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981 , followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997 . Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Both the IAEA and its then Director General , ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 . In ElBaradeis acceptance speech in Oslo , he stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world , and that , if we hope to escape self-destruction , then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience , and no role in our security .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 2009 , Yukiya Amano of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA , defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E . EchΓ‘varri of Spain . On 3 July 2009 , the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano by acclamation , and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved . He took office on 1 December 2009 . After Amanos death , his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On August 2 , 2019 , Rafael Grossi was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA . On 28 October , 2019 , the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General , but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors needed to be elected . The next day , 29 October , the second voting round was held , and Grossi won 24 of the 23 needed votes required for Director General Appointment . He assumed office on 3 December",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "2019 . Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment , on December 3 Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States , strategic plans and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . Three main pillars β or areas of work β underpin the IAEAs mission : Safety and Security ; Science and Technology ; and Safeguards and Verification .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA as an autonomous organisation is not under direct control of the UN , but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council . Unlike most other specialised international agencies , the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council , and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document , the IAEA Statute ( see below ) . The IAEA has three main bodies : the Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "Secretariat .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA exists to pursue the safe , secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology ( Pillars 2005 ) . The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions : the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use , providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities , and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA recognises knowledge as the nuclear energy industrys most valuable asset and resource , without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically . Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal programme was established to address Member States priorities in the 21st century .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy ( PACT ) . PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish , to improve , or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs . The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and to reduce suffering of cancer victims .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program , including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group , which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": " To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities , in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre . This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection , site evaluation and seismic design .",
"title": "General"
},
{
"text": "The Board of Governors is one of two policy making bodies of the IAEA . The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference , and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board . The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology , plus the most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten : North America , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Africa , Middle East and South Asia , South East Asia",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": ", the Pacific , and the Far East . These members are designated for one year terms . The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms . Eleven are elected each year . The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity . The 35 Board members for the 2018β2019 period are : Argentina , Armenia , Australia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Jordan , Kenya , the Republic",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "of Korea , Morocco , the Netherlands , Niger , Pakistan , Portugal , the Russian Federation , Serbia , South Africa , the Sudan , Sweden , Thailand , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the United States of America , Uruguay and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The Board , in its five yearly meetings , is responsible for making most of the policy of the IAEA . The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget , is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director General subject to General Conference approval . Board members each receive one vote . Budget matters require a two-thirds majority . All other matters require only a simple majority . The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority . Two-thirds of all Board members must be",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "present to call a vote . The Board elects its own chairman .",
"title": "Board of Governors"
},
{
"text": "The General Conference is made up of all 173 member states . It meets once a year , typically in September , to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors . The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question ( Statute ) . Each member receives one vote . Issues of budget , Statute amendment and suspension of a members privileges require a two- thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority . Similar to the Board , the General Conference",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "can , by simple majority , designate issues to require a two- thirds majority . The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting . The President only serves for the duration of the session ( Statute ) .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": " The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies . Any of the other IAEA organs , the Director General , the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference ( IAEA Primer ) . This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations .",
"title": "General Conference"
},
{
"text": "The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA . The Secretariat is headed by the Director General . The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference . The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms . The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA : Nuclear Energy , Nuclear Safety and Security , Nuclear Sciences and Applications , Safeguards , Technical Cooperation ,",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": "and Management .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA budget is in two parts . The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation ( β¬344 million in 2014 ) . The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90 million range .",
"title": "Secretariat"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions : - Peaceful uses : Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states , - Safeguards : Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes , and - Nuclear safety : Promoting high standards for nuclear safety .",
"title": "Missions"
},
{
"text": " According to Article II of the IAEA Statute , the objective of the IAEA is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace , health and prosperity throughout the world . Its primary functions in this area , according to Article III , are to encourage research and development , to secure or provide materials , services , equipment and facilities for Member States , to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Three of the IAEAs six Departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy . The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle . The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water , energy , health , biodiversity , and agriculture . The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States , through national , regional , and inter-regional projects through",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "training , expert missions , scientific exchanges , and provision of equipment .",
"title": "Peaceful uses"
},
{
"text": "Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agencys twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and <nowiki>ensur [ ing ] </nowiki> , so far as it is able , that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose . To do this , the IAEA is authorised in Article III.A.5 of the Statute to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials , services , equipment , facilities , and information made available",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": "by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose ; and to apply safeguards , at the request of the parties , to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement , or at the request of a State , to any of that States activities in the field of atomic energy .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission , through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states nuclear declarations .",
"title": "Safeguards"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities . It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ( $469 million ) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents . Its resources are used on the other two priorities : technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": "The IAEA itself says that , beginning in 1986 , in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima , Japan .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In June 2011 , the IAEA chief said he had broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japans Fukushima crisis . Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide , organised by the IAEA , have been proposed .",
"title": "Nuclear safety"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Russian nuclear accident specialist Iouli Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima , and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of wilfully ignoring lessons from the worlds worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industrys expansion . The IAEAs role as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was sluggish and sometimes confusing , drawing calls for the agency to take a more proactive role in nuclear safety . But nuclear experts say that the agencys complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily , although its INES emergency scale is very likely to be revisited given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight , leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide . There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California :",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "It recommends safety standards , but member states are not required to comply ; it promotes nuclear energy , but it also monitors nuclear use ; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry , yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold .",
"title": "Criticism"
},
{
"text": "The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple . Normally , a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join , and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration . If the Board recommends approval , and the General Conference approves the application for membership , the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States , which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute . The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited . The United States then",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "informs the IAEA , which notifies other IAEA Member States . Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " The IAEA has 173 member states . Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of the IAEA . Non-member states Cape Verde ( 2007 ) , Tonga ( 2011 ) , The Gambia ( 2016 ) , Guinea ( 2020 ) , and Samoa ( 2020 ) have been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": "Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA . North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994 , but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation . Nicaragua became a member in 1957 , withdrew its membership in 1970 , and rejoined in 1977 , Honduras joined in 1957 , withdrew in 1967 , and rejoined in 2003 , while Cambodia joined in 1958 , withdrew in 2003 , and rejoined in 2009 .",
"title": "Membership"
},
{
"text": " There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA , that share information , and organize conferences within their regions :",
"title": "Regional Cooperative Agreements"
},
{
"text": " The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( AFRA ) :",
"title": "AFRA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research , Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology ( ARASIA ) :",
"title": "ARASIA"
},
{
"text": " Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research , Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific ( RCA ) :",
"title": "RCA"
},
{
"text": " Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean ( ARCAL ) :",
"title": "ARCAL"
},
{
"text": " Typically issued in July each year , the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agencys work . It includes a summary of major issues , activities , and achievements , and status tables and graphs related to safeguards , safety , and science and technology .",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/Charlie_Sheen#P26#0
|
Who was the spouse of Charlie Sheen between Mar 1995 and Jul 1995?
|
Charlie Sheen Carlos Irwin EstΓ©vez ( born September 3 , 1965 ) , known professionally as Charlie Sheen , is an American actor . He has appeared in films such as Platoon ( 1986 ) , Wall Street ( 1987 ) , Young Guns ( 1988 ) , The Rookie ( 1990 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 1993 ) , and The Arrival ( 1996 ) . In the 2000s , when Sheen replaced Michael J . Fox as the star of ABCs Spin City , his portrayal of Charlie Crawford earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . He then starred as Charlie Harper on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men ( 2003β11 ) , for which he received several Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations , and as Dr . Charles Charlie Goodson on the FX series Anger Management ( 2012β14 ) . In 2010 , Sheen was the highest-paid actor on television , earning US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men . Sheens personal life has made headlines , including reports of alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems , as well as allegations of domestic violence . In March 2011 , his contract for Two and a Half Men was terminated by CBS and Warner Bros . following his derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre . On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he is HIV positive , having been diagnosed four years previously . The disclosure resulted in a vast increase of online search queries for HIV prevention and testing , which was later dubbed the Charlie Sheen effect . Early life . Sheen was born Carlos EstΓ©vez on September 3 , 1965 , in New York City , the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen ( whose real name is RamΓ³n EstΓ©vez ) and artist Janet Templeton . His paternal grandparents were emigrants from Galicia ( Spain ) and Ireland , respectively . After being accused of antisemitism in 2011 , Sheen claimed that his mother was Jewish , although Jewish Standard reporter Nate Bloom wrote that he found no evidence to support this and described Sheens claim as exceedingly unlikely . Sheen said later that year that his father was Catholic and his mother was Southern Baptist . He has two older brothers , Emilio and Ramon , and a younger sister , RenΓ©e , all actors . His parents moved to Malibu , California , after Martins Broadway turn in The Subject Was Roses . Sheens first movie appearance was at age nine in his fathers 1974 film The Execution of Private Slovik . Sheen attended Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica , California , along with Robert Downey Jr. , where he was a star pitcher and shortstop for the baseball team . At Santa Monica High School , he showed an early interest in acting , making amateur Super 8 films with his brother Emilio and school friends Rob Lowe and Sean Penn under his birth name . A few weeks before graduation , Sheen was expelled from school for poor grades and attendance . Deciding to become an actor , he took the stage name Charlie Sheen . His father had adopted the surname Sheen in honor of the Catholic archbishop and theologian Fulton J . Sheen , while Charlie was an English form of his given name Carlos . Acting career . Film . Sheens film career began in 1983 , when he was cast to portray Ron in , the sequel to the 1976 low budget horror movie Grizzly , which remained unreleased until 2020 . In 1984 , he had a role in the Cold War teen drama Red Dawn with Patrick Swayze , C . Thomas Howell , Lea Thompson , and Jennifer Grey . Sheen and Grey reunited in a small scene in Ferris Buellers Day Off ( 1986 ) . He also appeared in an episode of the anthology series Amazing Stories . Sheen had his first major role in the Vietnam War drama Platoon ( 1986 ) . In 1987 , he starred with his father in Wall Street . Both Wall Street and Platoon were directed by Oliver Stone . In 1988 , Stone asked Sheen to star in his new film Born on the Fourth of July ( 1989 ) , but later cast Tom Cruise instead . Sheen was never notified by Stone , and only found out when he heard the news from his brother Emilio . Sheen did not take a lead role in Stones subsequent films , although he did have a cameo role in . In 1988 , he starred in the baseball film Eight Men Out as outfielder Happy Felsch . Also in 1988 , he appeared opposite his brother Emilio in Young Guns and again in 1990 in Men at Work . In 1989 , Sheen , John Fusco , Christopher Cain , Lou Diamond Phillips , Emilio EstΓ©vez and Kiefer Sutherland were honored with a Bronze Wrangler for their work on the film Young Guns . In 1990 , he starred alongside his father in Cadence as a rebellious inmate in a military stockade and with Clint Eastwood in the buddy cop film The Rookie . The films were directed by Martin Sheen and Eastwood , respectively . In 1992 , he featured in Beyond the Law with Linda Fiorentino and Michael Madsen . In 1994 , Sheen was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 1997 , Sheen wrote his first movie , Discovery Mars , a direct-to-video documentary revolving around the question , Is There Life on Mars? . The next year , Sheen wrote , produced and starred in the action movie No Code of Conduct . Sheen appeared in several comedy roles , including the Major League films , Money Talks , and the spoof Hot Shots ! films . In 1999 , Sheen appeared in a pilot for A&E Network , called Sugar Hill , which was not picked up . In 1999 , Sheen played himself in Being John Malkovich . He also appeared in the third , fourth and fifth entries in the popular horror-spoof series Scary Movie . Sheen has also done voices for animation , appearing as Charlie in All Dogs Go To Heaven 2 ( replacing Burt Reynolds ) , as well as Dex Dogtective in the Lionsgate animated comedy Foodfight . In 2012 , Sheen was cast to star alongside Jason Schwartzman and Bill Murray in Roman Coppolas surreal comedy film A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charles Swan III . For the 2013 film Machete Kills , in which Sheen played the President of the United States , he was credited under his birth name Carlos EstΓ©vez . It was a one-time move , due to the films Hispanic theme ; it was Sheens idea to use his birth name for the film . The trailer and opening credits for the film used an and introducing.. . tag when showing Sheens birth name . Sheens next feature film project was the ensemble film 9/11 ( 2017 ) , an adaptation of the 9/11 stage play Elevator written by Patrick Carson . The film also featured Whoopi Goldberg , Gina Gershon , Luis GuzmΓ‘n , Wood Harris , Jacqueline Bisset and Bruce Davison . Television . In 2000 , Sheen debuted on the small screen when he replaced Michael J . Fox for the last two seasons of the sitcom Spin City ( which also had fellow Ferris Bueller actor Alan Ruck as Stuart Bondek ) . For his work on Spin City , Sheen was nominated for two ALMA Awards and won his first Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series β Musical or Comedy . The series ended in 2002 . In 2003 , Sheen was cast as Charlie Harper in the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men , which followed the popular Monday night time slot of Everybody Loves Raymond . Sheens role on Two and a Half Men was loosely based on Sheens bad boy image . The role garnered him an ALMA Award and he gained three Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe award nominations . During his eighth and final season on the show , Sheen earned $1.8 million per episode . Warner Bros . dismissal . Production of Two and a Half Men went on hiatus in January 2011 while Sheen underwent a substance rehabilitation program in his home , his third attempt at rehab in 12 months . The following month , CBS canceled the seasons four remaining episodes after Sheen publicly made derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre , and Warner Bros . banned Sheen from entering its production lot . Sheen , already the highest-paid actor on television , responded by publicly demanding a 50 percent raise , claiming that in comparison to the amount that the series was making , he was underpaid . CBS and Warner Bros . terminated Sheens contract on March 7 , 2011 . He was replaced by Ashton Kutcher . In the aftermath of his dismissal , Sheen remained vocally critical of Chuck Lorre , and filed a wrongful termination lawsuit against Lorre and Warner Bros. , which was settled the following September 26 . That same month , Sheen , while presenting an award at the Primetime Emmy Awards , addressed everybody here from Two and a Half Men and stated , From the bottom of my heart , I wish you nothing but the best for this upcoming season . We spent eight wonderful years together and I know you will continue to make great television . In 2012 , Sheen returned to television in Anger Management , the spin-off of the film of the same name . The series ended after an 100-episode run in the second season . Publicity following dismissal . In the wake of the dismissal , Sheen had highly publicized events which were broadcast on television and the Internet . He made statements in television interviews , suggesting that he was a warlock with tiger blood and Adonis DNA , and that he was winning . He also posted videos to YouTube showing himself smoking cigarettes through his nose , and cursing out his former employers . He told one TV interviewer , Im tired of pretending Im not special . Im tired of pretending Im not a total bitchin rock star from Mars . Other . On September 19 , 2011 , Sheen was roasted on Comedy Central . It was watched by 6.4 million people , making it the highest rated roast on Comedy Central to date . Also that year , he played a role in the hip hop music video Steak & Mash Potatoes by Chain Swangaz featuring Brother Marquis . The video features both rappers as fast food employee who create havoc while their boss ( Sheen ) is gone . In October 2018 , Sheen flew to Australia for his An Evening with Charlie Sheen tour . During this time he filmed an advert for car servicing company Ultra Tune which is the next installment in their controversial Unexpected Situations series alongside Parnia Porsche , Laura Lydall , Tyana Hansen and Imogen Lovell . Other ventures . In 2006 , Sheen launched a clothing line for children , called Sheen Kidz . In 2011 , Sheen set a Guinness World Record for Twitter as the Fastest Time to Reach 1 Million Followers ( adding an average of 129,000 new followers per day ) as well as the Guinness record for Highest Paid TV Actor Per Episode β Current at $1.25 million while he was a part of the cast of Two and a Half Men sitcom . On March 3 , 2011 , Sheen signed with Ad.ly marketing agency specializing in Twitter and Facebook promotions . On March 10 , 2011 , Sheen announced a nationwide tour , My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option , which began in Detroit on April 2 . The tour sold out in 18 minutes , a Ticketmaster record . However , on April 1 , 2011 , the Detroit Free Press featured an article that stated as of March 30 that there were over 1000 tickets available from a third-party reseller , some at 15% less than the cheapest seats sold at the Fox Theater . The Huffington Post reported that it was expected Sheen would earn $1 million in 2011 from Twitter endorsements and $7 million from the North American tour . Many of those attending the performance of April 2 in Detroit found it disappointing ; the subsequent performance in Chicago , which featured some adjustments , received a more positive reception . Sheen was announced as the face of and partner in NicoSheen , a line of disposable E-cigarettes and related products . On August 13 , 2011 , Sheen hosted at the 12th annual Gathering of the Juggalos , an event created by the Insane Clown Posse . He received a mixed reaction from the audience , but has expressed appreciation for the culture by describing himself as a Juggalo and wearing a baseball cap featuring the Psychopathic Records logo in public and during production meetings for Anger Management . Personal life . Family and relationships . Sheen has been married three times . He has five children and one grandchild . His oldest daughter is from a previous relationship with his former high school girlfriend , Paula Profit , whose name has also been given as Paula Speert . Through his oldest daughter , Sheen has one granddaughter . In January 1990 , Sheen accidentally shot his fiancΓ©e , Kelly Preston , in the arm . She broke off the engagement soon after . In the 1990s , Sheen subsequently dated a number of adult film actresses , including Ginger Lynn and Heather Hunter . On September 3 , 1995 , Sheen married his first wife , Donna Peele . That same year , Sheen was named as one of the clients of an escort agency operated by Heidi Fleiss . Sheen and Peele divorced in 1996 . Sheen met actress Denise Richards on the set of Good Advice in 2000 . They began dating in October 2001 , when Richards guest-starred on Sheens TV show Spin City . They became engaged on December 26 , 2001 , and married on June 15 , 2002 , at the estate of Spin City creator Gary David Goldberg . They have two daughters together ( born in 2004 and 2005 ) . In March 2005 , Richards filed for divorce , accusing Sheen of alcohol and drug abuse and threats of violence as well as accusations of Sheen looking at gay pornography featuring boys who looked underage and being attracted to underage girls . Sheen would later deny these claims , and stated that the FBI was aware of the allegations and had searched his computers . The divorce was finalized in November 2006 and preceded a custody dispute over their two daughters . On May 30 , 2008 , Sheen married his third wife , Brooke Mueller and had twin sons . In November 2010 , Sheen filed for divorce . On March 1 , 2011 , police removed the couples sons from Sheens home . Sheen told NBCs Today , I stayed very calm and focused . According to People , social services took the children after Mueller obtained a restraining order against Sheen . The document said , I am very concerned that [ Sheen ] is currently insane . Asked if he would fight for the children , Sheen texted People , Born ready . Winning . Sheen and Muellers divorce became final on May 2 , 2011 . On March 1 , 2011 , Sheen was concurrently living with pornographic actress Bree Olson and model and graphic designer Natalie Kenly , whom he collectively nicknamed his goddesses . Olson left Sheen in April 2011 , and Kenly left in June 2011 . In a January 2013 interview on Piers Morgan Tonight , Sheen stated that he was in a relationship with adult film actress and 2011 Penthouse magazine Pet of the Month Georgia Jones . Then , in February 2014 , Sheen became engaged to former adult film star Brett Rossi , who began going by her real name , Scottine . With a wedding planned for November 2014 , the engagement was broken off in October with an announcement that the two had mutually decided to separate . Sheen stated , Ive decided that my children deserve my focus more than a relationship does right now . I still have a tremendous fondness for Scotty and I wish her all the best . A month later it was reported that Rossi was hospitalized for an apparent drug overdose . Substance abuse , legal issues and health . On May 20 , 1998 , Sheen suffered a stroke after overdosing while using cocaine and was hospitalized . Sheen was found in his seaside home by a friend , after which paramedics rushed him to Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center in Thousand Oaks , California . He was described as being in serious condition after his stomach was pumped . Days later , Sheen checked into a rehab clinic , then told doctors that he did not intend to stay . Sheen left , then Sheriffs forced Sheen back to the clinic . On August 11 , 1998 , Sheen , already on probation in California for a previous drug offense , had his probation extended by one year and entered a rehab clinic . In a 2004 interview , Sheen disclosed that his previous overdose was caused by injecting cocaine . On December 25 , 2009 , Sheen was arrested for assaulting his wife at the time , Brooke Mueller , in Aspen , Colorado . He was released the same day from jail after posting an $8,500 bond . Sheen was charged with felony menacing , as well as third-degree assault and criminal mischief . On August 2 , 2010 , Sheen , represented by Yale Galanter , pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault as part of a plea bargain that included dismissal of the other charges against him . Sheen was sentenced to 30 days in a drug rehab center , 30 days of probation , and 36 hours of anger management . On October 26 , 2010 , the police removed Sheen from his suite at the Plaza Hotel after he reportedly caused $7,000 in damage . According to the NYPD , Sheen admitted to drinking and using cocaine the night of the incident . He was released after entering a hospital for observation . On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he was HIV positive , having been diagnosed roughly four years earlier . In an interview , he referred to the acronym HIV as three hard letters to absorb . He manages his condition with a triple cocktail of antiretroviral drugs , and said that it was impossible that he could have infected any of his partners . Sheen noted that since 2011 , he had paid extortionists approximately $10 million to keep his HIV status secret . Sheen stated that he was upfront about his HIV positive condition with all of his past partners . In an episode of The Dr . Oz Show taped in late 2015 and aired January 12 , 2016 , Sheen stated Im [ sic ] been off my meds for about a week now , receiving alternative treatment in Mexico from Sam Chachoua , who claims to have an effective vaccine for HIV ; according to his manager , however , after the episode was taped he resumed taking his medications . In April 2016 , Sheen had his monthly child support payments to his two ex-wives , Richards and Mueller , reduced from $55,000 to $10,000 . The same month , it was announced that Sheen was under investigation by the LAPD stalking unit for threatening to kill his former fiancΓ©e Scottine Ross . Allegations of sexual assault . In 2017 , Sheen sued the National Enquirer over a story alleging that , in 1986 , the then 19-year-old actor raped his 13-year-old co-star Corey Haim on the set of Lucas . The case was settled in 2018 . Haims mother , Judy Haim , identified a different actor as her sons rapist on The Dr . Oz Show , and told Entertainment Tonight that Sheen never raped her son , calling the claims made up . In March 2020 , actor Corey Feldman repeated the claim that Sheen raped Haim in his documentary , corroborated by Feldmans ex-wife Susie Feldman and his Lost Boys co-star Jamison Newlander . Sheen , through his publicist , denied the allegations , calling them sick , twisted and outlandish . Activism . The Charlie Sheen effect . Sheens HIV-positive disclosure corresponded with the greatest number of HIV-related Google searches ever recorded in the United States . During the three weeks following his disclosure , there were about 2.75 million more searches than expected that included the term HIV , and 1.25 million searches were directly relevant to public-health outcomes because they included search terms for condoms , HIV symptoms , or HIV testing ( e.g. , get HIV tested ) . A later study found Sheens disclosure corresponded with a 95% increase in over-the-counter at-home HIV testing kits . The studys authors dubbed it The Charlie Sheen Effect with commenters noting Charlie Sheen did more for HIV education than most UN events do . Sheen spoke out for HIV prevention , citing the studies as motivation , later adding he was humbled to be of service . Charity work . Sheen was the 2004 spokesperson for the Lee National Denim Day breast cancer fundraiser that raised millions of dollars for research and education regarding the disease . Sheen stated that a friend of his died from breast cancer , and he wanted to try to help find a cure for the disease . A major donor and supporter of Aid For AIDS since 2006 , Sheen was honored with an AFA Angel Award , one of only a few ever given , at the nonprofits 25th Silver Anniversary Reception in 2009 . In addition to his financial support , he has volunteered to act as a celebrity judge for several years for their annual fundraiser , Best In Drag Show , which raises around a quarter of a million dollars each year in Los Angeles for AIDS assistance . He has brought other celebrities to support the event , including his father , actor Martin Sheen . Sheens interest in AIDS was first reported in 1987 with his support of Ryan White , an Indiana teenager who became a national spokesperson for AIDS awareness after being infected with AIDS through a blood transfusion for his hemophilia . On March 27 , 2008 , Sheen and Jenna Elfman co-hosted the Scientology-affiliated New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project charity event . Sheen donated one dollar from each ticket sold from his My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option Show 2011 tour to the Red Cross Japanese earthquake Relief Fund . In 2011 , Sheen took on a Twitter challenge by a grieving mother to help critically ill babies born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia by supporting CHERUBS β The Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research , Awareness and Support . On July 16 , 2012 , Sheen announced that he would donate at least $1 million to the USO . This will be among the largest single donations ever given to the troop morale-boosting organization . Sheen , a lifelong fan of the Cincinnati Reds , announced in August 2012 that he would donate $50,000 to the teams community fund , which supports various charities . The donation came after the team raised another $50,000 in an attempt to get sportscaster Marty Brennaman to shave his head on the field after a Reds victory . After Brennaman shaved his head , Sheen offered to match the previous donation total . Opinions . Political views . In a 2015 interview , Sheen described himself as a constitutional Republican . Sheen discussed his desire of running for U.S . President in 2016 . Sheen has been publicly scathing against former President Donald Trump . He has labelled Trump a charlatan and wished death upon him . September 11 attacks . Sheen is an outspoken advocate of the 9/11 truth movement . On September 8 , 2009 , he appealed to President Barack Obama to set up a new investigation into the attacks . Presenting his views as a transcript of a fictional encounter with Obama , he was characterized by the press as believing the 9/11 Commission was a whitewash and that the administration of former President George W . Bush may have been responsible for the attacks . Anti-vaccination . Sheen is staunchly opposed to vaccinations . After separating from Denise Richards , he sent a legal notice to his daughters physician stating his lack of consent to vaccinate them . The dispute over vaccines seems to have played an important role in the failure of the marriage . Richards said in an interview in 2008 , When I vaccinated Sam , he accused me of poisoning her . And I knew when he said that that the marriage wasnt going to work .
|
[
"Donna Peele"
] |
[
{
"text": "Carlos Irwin EstΓ©vez ( born September 3 , 1965 ) , known professionally as Charlie Sheen , is an American actor . He has appeared in films such as Platoon ( 1986 ) , Wall Street ( 1987 ) , Young Guns ( 1988 ) , The Rookie ( 1990 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 1993 ) , and The Arrival ( 1996 ) . In the 2000s , when Sheen replaced Michael J . Fox as the star of ABCs Spin City , his portrayal of Charlie Crawford earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor .",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "He then starred as Charlie Harper on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men ( 2003β11 ) , for which he received several Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations , and as Dr . Charles Charlie Goodson on the FX series Anger Management ( 2012β14 ) . In 2010 , Sheen was the highest-paid actor on television , earning US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men .",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "Sheens personal life has made headlines , including reports of alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems , as well as allegations of domestic violence . In March 2011 , his contract for Two and a Half Men was terminated by CBS and Warner Bros . following his derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre . On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he is HIV positive , having been diagnosed four years previously . The disclosure resulted in a vast increase of online search queries for HIV prevention and testing , which was later",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "dubbed the Charlie Sheen effect .",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "Sheen was born Carlos EstΓ©vez on September 3 , 1965 , in New York City , the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen ( whose real name is RamΓ³n EstΓ©vez ) and artist Janet Templeton . His paternal grandparents were emigrants from Galicia ( Spain ) and Ireland , respectively . After being accused of antisemitism in 2011 , Sheen claimed that his mother was Jewish , although Jewish Standard reporter Nate Bloom wrote that he found no evidence to support this and described Sheens claim as exceedingly unlikely . Sheen said later that year that his father was Catholic",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "and his mother was Southern Baptist . He has two older brothers , Emilio and Ramon , and a younger sister , RenΓ©e , all actors . His parents moved to Malibu , California , after Martins Broadway turn in The Subject Was Roses . Sheens first movie appearance was at age nine in his fathers 1974 film The Execution of Private Slovik . Sheen attended Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica , California , along with Robert Downey Jr. , where he was a star pitcher and shortstop for the baseball team .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " At Santa Monica High School , he showed an early interest in acting , making amateur Super 8 films with his brother Emilio and school friends Rob Lowe and Sean Penn under his birth name . A few weeks before graduation , Sheen was expelled from school for poor grades and attendance . Deciding to become an actor , he took the stage name Charlie Sheen . His father had adopted the surname Sheen in honor of the Catholic archbishop and theologian Fulton J . Sheen , while Charlie was an English form of his given name Carlos .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Sheens film career began in 1983 , when he was cast to portray Ron in , the sequel to the 1976 low budget horror movie Grizzly , which remained unreleased until 2020 . In 1984 , he had a role in the Cold War teen drama Red Dawn with Patrick Swayze , C . Thomas Howell , Lea Thompson , and Jennifer Grey . Sheen and Grey reunited in a small scene in Ferris Buellers Day Off ( 1986 ) . He also appeared in an episode of the anthology series Amazing Stories . Sheen had his first major role",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "in the Vietnam War drama Platoon ( 1986 ) . In 1987 , he starred with his father in Wall Street . Both Wall Street and Platoon were directed by Oliver Stone . In 1988 , Stone asked Sheen to star in his new film Born on the Fourth of July ( 1989 ) , but later cast Tom Cruise instead . Sheen was never notified by Stone , and only found out when he heard the news from his brother Emilio . Sheen did not take a lead role in Stones subsequent films , although he did have a",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "cameo role in .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " In 1988 , he starred in the baseball film Eight Men Out as outfielder Happy Felsch . Also in 1988 , he appeared opposite his brother Emilio in Young Guns and again in 1990 in Men at Work . In 1989 , Sheen , John Fusco , Christopher Cain , Lou Diamond Phillips , Emilio EstΓ©vez and Kiefer Sutherland were honored with a Bronze Wrangler for their work on the film Young Guns .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "In 1990 , he starred alongside his father in Cadence as a rebellious inmate in a military stockade and with Clint Eastwood in the buddy cop film The Rookie . The films were directed by Martin Sheen and Eastwood , respectively . In 1992 , he featured in Beyond the Law with Linda Fiorentino and Michael Madsen . In 1994 , Sheen was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 1997 , Sheen wrote his first movie , Discovery Mars , a direct-to-video documentary revolving around the question , Is There Life on Mars? . The",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "next year , Sheen wrote , produced and starred in the action movie No Code of Conduct .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Sheen appeared in several comedy roles , including the Major League films , Money Talks , and the spoof Hot Shots ! films . In 1999 , Sheen appeared in a pilot for A&E Network , called Sugar Hill , which was not picked up . In 1999 , Sheen played himself in Being John Malkovich . He also appeared in the third , fourth and fifth entries in the popular horror-spoof series Scary Movie .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Sheen has also done voices for animation , appearing as Charlie in All Dogs Go To Heaven 2 ( replacing Burt Reynolds ) , as well as Dex Dogtective in the Lionsgate animated comedy Foodfight .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 , Sheen was cast to star alongside Jason Schwartzman and Bill Murray in Roman Coppolas surreal comedy film A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charles Swan III .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "For the 2013 film Machete Kills , in which Sheen played the President of the United States , he was credited under his birth name Carlos EstΓ©vez . It was a one-time move , due to the films Hispanic theme ; it was Sheens idea to use his birth name for the film . The trailer and opening credits for the film used an and introducing.. . tag when showing Sheens birth name .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Sheens next feature film project was the ensemble film 9/11 ( 2017 ) , an adaptation of the 9/11 stage play Elevator written by Patrick Carson . The film also featured Whoopi Goldberg , Gina Gershon , Luis GuzmΓ‘n , Wood Harris , Jacqueline Bisset and Bruce Davison .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , Sheen debuted on the small screen when he replaced Michael J . Fox for the last two seasons of the sitcom Spin City ( which also had fellow Ferris Bueller actor Alan Ruck as Stuart Bondek ) . For his work on Spin City , Sheen was nominated for two ALMA Awards and won his first Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series β Musical or Comedy . The series ended in 2002 .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Sheen was cast as Charlie Harper in the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men , which followed the popular Monday night time slot of Everybody Loves Raymond . Sheens role on Two and a Half Men was loosely based on Sheens bad boy image . The role garnered him an ALMA Award and he gained three Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe award nominations . During his eighth and final season on the show , Sheen earned $1.8 million per episode .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "Production of Two and a Half Men went on hiatus in January 2011 while Sheen underwent a substance rehabilitation program in his home , his third attempt at rehab in 12 months . The following month , CBS canceled the seasons four remaining episodes after Sheen publicly made derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre , and Warner Bros . banned Sheen from entering its production lot . Sheen , already the highest-paid actor on television , responded by publicly demanding a 50 percent raise , claiming that in comparison to the amount that the series was making",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": ", he was underpaid .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "CBS and Warner Bros . terminated Sheens contract on March 7 , 2011 . He was replaced by Ashton Kutcher . In the aftermath of his dismissal , Sheen remained vocally critical of Chuck Lorre , and filed a wrongful termination lawsuit against Lorre and Warner Bros. , which was settled the following September 26 . That same month , Sheen , while presenting an award at the Primetime Emmy Awards , addressed everybody here from Two and a Half Men and stated , From the bottom of my heart , I wish you nothing but the best for this",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "upcoming season . We spent eight wonderful years together and I know you will continue to make great television . In 2012 , Sheen returned to television in Anger Management , the spin-off of the film of the same name . The series ended after an 100-episode run in the second season .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " In the wake of the dismissal , Sheen had highly publicized events which were broadcast on television and the Internet . He made statements in television interviews , suggesting that he was a warlock with tiger blood and Adonis DNA , and that he was winning . He also posted videos to YouTube showing himself smoking cigarettes through his nose , and cursing out his former employers . He told one TV interviewer , Im tired of pretending Im not special . Im tired of pretending Im not a total bitchin rock star from Mars .",
"title": "Publicity following dismissal"
},
{
"text": " On September 19 , 2011 , Sheen was roasted on Comedy Central . It was watched by 6.4 million people , making it the highest rated roast on Comedy Central to date . Also that year , he played a role in the hip hop music video Steak & Mash Potatoes by Chain Swangaz featuring Brother Marquis . The video features both rappers as fast food employee who create havoc while their boss ( Sheen ) is gone .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": "In October 2018 , Sheen flew to Australia for his An Evening with Charlie Sheen tour . During this time he filmed an advert for car servicing company Ultra Tune which is the next installment in their controversial Unexpected Situations series alongside Parnia Porsche , Laura Lydall , Tyana Hansen and Imogen Lovell .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": " In 2006 , Sheen launched a clothing line for children , called Sheen Kidz . In 2011 , Sheen set a Guinness World Record for Twitter as the Fastest Time to Reach 1 Million Followers ( adding an average of 129,000 new followers per day ) as well as the Guinness record for Highest Paid TV Actor Per Episode β Current at $1.25 million while he was a part of the cast of Two and a Half Men sitcom . On March 3 , 2011 , Sheen signed with Ad.ly marketing agency specializing in Twitter and Facebook promotions .",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": "On March 10 , 2011 , Sheen announced a nationwide tour , My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option , which began in Detroit on April 2 . The tour sold out in 18 minutes , a Ticketmaster record . However , on April 1 , 2011 , the Detroit Free Press featured an article that stated as of March 30 that there were over 1000 tickets available from a third-party reseller , some at 15% less than the cheapest seats sold at the Fox Theater . The Huffington Post reported that it was expected Sheen would earn",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": "$1 million in 2011 from Twitter endorsements and $7 million from the North American tour . Many of those attending the performance of April 2 in Detroit found it disappointing ; the subsequent performance in Chicago , which featured some adjustments , received a more positive reception .",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": " Sheen was announced as the face of and partner in NicoSheen , a line of disposable E-cigarettes and related products . On August 13 , 2011 , Sheen hosted at the 12th annual Gathering of the Juggalos , an event created by the Insane Clown Posse . He received a mixed reaction from the audience , but has expressed appreciation for the culture by describing himself as a Juggalo and wearing a baseball cap featuring the Psychopathic Records logo in public and during production meetings for Anger Management .",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": " Sheen has been married three times . He has five children and one grandchild . His oldest daughter is from a previous relationship with his former high school girlfriend , Paula Profit , whose name has also been given as Paula Speert . Through his oldest daughter , Sheen has one granddaughter . In January 1990 , Sheen accidentally shot his fiancΓ©e , Kelly Preston , in the arm . She broke off the engagement soon after . In the 1990s , Sheen subsequently dated a number of adult film actresses , including Ginger Lynn and Heather Hunter .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On September 3 , 1995 , Sheen married his first wife , Donna Peele . That same year , Sheen was named as one of the clients of an escort agency operated by Heidi Fleiss . Sheen and Peele divorced in 1996 .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "Sheen met actress Denise Richards on the set of Good Advice in 2000 . They began dating in October 2001 , when Richards guest-starred on Sheens TV show Spin City . They became engaged on December 26 , 2001 , and married on June 15 , 2002 , at the estate of Spin City creator Gary David Goldberg . They have two daughters together ( born in 2004 and 2005 ) . In March 2005 , Richards filed for divorce , accusing Sheen of alcohol and drug abuse and threats of violence as well as accusations of Sheen looking at",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "gay pornography featuring boys who looked underage and being attracted to underage girls . Sheen would later deny these claims , and stated that the FBI was aware of the allegations and had searched his computers . The divorce was finalized in November 2006 and preceded a custody dispute over their two daughters .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On May 30 , 2008 , Sheen married his third wife , Brooke Mueller and had twin sons . In November 2010 , Sheen filed for divorce . On March 1 , 2011 , police removed the couples sons from Sheens home . Sheen told NBCs Today , I stayed very calm and focused . According to People , social services took the children after Mueller obtained a restraining order against Sheen . The document said , I am very concerned that [ Sheen ] is currently insane . Asked if he would fight for the children , Sheen texted",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "People , Born ready . Winning . Sheen and Muellers divorce became final on May 2 , 2011 .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " On March 1 , 2011 , Sheen was concurrently living with pornographic actress Bree Olson and model and graphic designer Natalie Kenly , whom he collectively nicknamed his goddesses . Olson left Sheen in April 2011 , and Kenly left in June 2011 . In a January 2013 interview on Piers Morgan Tonight , Sheen stated that he was in a relationship with adult film actress and 2011 Penthouse magazine Pet of the Month Georgia Jones .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "Then , in February 2014 , Sheen became engaged to former adult film star Brett Rossi , who began going by her real name , Scottine . With a wedding planned for November 2014 , the engagement was broken off in October with an announcement that the two had mutually decided to separate . Sheen stated , Ive decided that my children deserve my focus more than a relationship does right now . I still have a tremendous fondness for Scotty and I wish her all the best . A month later it was reported that Rossi was hospitalized for",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "an apparent drug overdose .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On May 20 , 1998 , Sheen suffered a stroke after overdosing while using cocaine and was hospitalized . Sheen was found in his seaside home by a friend , after which paramedics rushed him to Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center in Thousand Oaks , California . He was described as being in serious condition after his stomach was pumped . Days later , Sheen checked into a rehab clinic , then told doctors that he did not intend to stay . Sheen left , then Sheriffs forced Sheen back to the clinic . On August 11 , 1998",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": ", Sheen , already on probation in California for a previous drug offense , had his probation extended by one year and entered a rehab clinic . In a 2004 interview , Sheen disclosed that his previous overdose was caused by injecting cocaine .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On December 25 , 2009 , Sheen was arrested for assaulting his wife at the time , Brooke Mueller , in Aspen , Colorado . He was released the same day from jail after posting an $8,500 bond . Sheen was charged with felony menacing , as well as third-degree assault and criminal mischief . On August 2 , 2010 , Sheen , represented by Yale Galanter , pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault as part of a plea bargain that included dismissal of the other charges against him . Sheen was sentenced to 30 days in a drug rehab center",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": ", 30 days of probation , and 36 hours of anger management .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " On October 26 , 2010 , the police removed Sheen from his suite at the Plaza Hotel after he reportedly caused $7,000 in damage . According to the NYPD , Sheen admitted to drinking and using cocaine the night of the incident . He was released after entering a hospital for observation .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he was HIV positive , having been diagnosed roughly four years earlier . In an interview , he referred to the acronym HIV as three hard letters to absorb . He manages his condition with a triple cocktail of antiretroviral drugs , and said that it was impossible that he could have infected any of his partners . Sheen noted that since 2011 , he had paid extortionists approximately $10 million to keep his HIV status secret . Sheen stated that he was upfront about his HIV positive condition with",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "all of his past partners .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " In an episode of The Dr . Oz Show taped in late 2015 and aired January 12 , 2016 , Sheen stated Im [ sic ] been off my meds for about a week now , receiving alternative treatment in Mexico from Sam Chachoua , who claims to have an effective vaccine for HIV ; according to his manager , however , after the episode was taped he resumed taking his medications .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "In April 2016 , Sheen had his monthly child support payments to his two ex-wives , Richards and Mueller , reduced from $55,000 to $10,000 . The same month , it was announced that Sheen was under investigation by the LAPD stalking unit for threatening to kill his former fiancΓ©e Scottine Ross .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " Allegations of sexual assault . In 2017 , Sheen sued the National Enquirer over a story alleging that , in 1986 , the then 19-year-old actor raped his 13-year-old co-star Corey Haim on the set of Lucas . The case was settled in 2018 . Haims mother , Judy Haim , identified a different actor as her sons rapist on The Dr . Oz Show , and told Entertainment Tonight that Sheen never raped her son , calling the claims made up .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "In March 2020 , actor Corey Feldman repeated the claim that Sheen raped Haim in his documentary , corroborated by Feldmans ex-wife Susie Feldman and his Lost Boys co-star Jamison Newlander . Sheen , through his publicist , denied the allegations , calling them sick , twisted and outlandish .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " The Charlie Sheen effect . Sheens HIV-positive disclosure corresponded with the greatest number of HIV-related Google searches ever recorded in the United States . During the three weeks following his disclosure , there were about 2.75 million more searches than expected that included the term HIV , and 1.25 million searches were directly relevant to public-health outcomes because they included search terms for condoms , HIV symptoms , or HIV testing ( e.g. , get HIV tested ) . A later study found Sheens disclosure corresponded with a 95% increase in over-the-counter at-home HIV testing kits .",
"title": "Activism"
},
{
"text": "The studys authors dubbed it The Charlie Sheen Effect with commenters noting Charlie Sheen did more for HIV education than most UN events do . Sheen spoke out for HIV prevention , citing the studies as motivation , later adding he was humbled to be of service .",
"title": "Activism"
},
{
"text": " Sheen was the 2004 spokesperson for the Lee National Denim Day breast cancer fundraiser that raised millions of dollars for research and education regarding the disease . Sheen stated that a friend of his died from breast cancer , and he wanted to try to help find a cure for the disease .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": "A major donor and supporter of Aid For AIDS since 2006 , Sheen was honored with an AFA Angel Award , one of only a few ever given , at the nonprofits 25th Silver Anniversary Reception in 2009 . In addition to his financial support , he has volunteered to act as a celebrity judge for several years for their annual fundraiser , Best In Drag Show , which raises around a quarter of a million dollars each year in Los Angeles for AIDS assistance .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": " He has brought other celebrities to support the event , including his father , actor Martin Sheen . Sheens interest in AIDS was first reported in 1987 with his support of Ryan White , an Indiana teenager who became a national spokesperson for AIDS awareness after being infected with AIDS through a blood transfusion for his hemophilia . On March 27 , 2008 , Sheen and Jenna Elfman co-hosted the Scientology-affiliated New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project charity event .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": "Sheen donated one dollar from each ticket sold from his My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option Show 2011 tour to the Red Cross Japanese earthquake Relief Fund .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Sheen took on a Twitter challenge by a grieving mother to help critically ill babies born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia by supporting CHERUBS β The Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research , Awareness and Support . On July 16 , 2012 , Sheen announced that he would donate at least $1 million to the USO . This will be among the largest single donations ever given to the troop morale-boosting organization .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": "Sheen , a lifelong fan of the Cincinnati Reds , announced in August 2012 that he would donate $50,000 to the teams community fund , which supports various charities . The donation came after the team raised another $50,000 in an attempt to get sportscaster Marty Brennaman to shave his head on the field after a Reds victory . After Brennaman shaved his head , Sheen offered to match the previous donation total .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": " In a 2015 interview , Sheen described himself as a constitutional Republican . Sheen discussed his desire of running for U.S . President in 2016 . Sheen has been publicly scathing against former President Donald Trump . He has labelled Trump a charlatan and wished death upon him .",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": " Sheen is an outspoken advocate of the 9/11 truth movement . On September 8 , 2009 , he appealed to President Barack Obama to set up a new investigation into the attacks . Presenting his views as a transcript of a fictional encounter with Obama , he was characterized by the press as believing the 9/11 Commission was a whitewash and that the administration of former President George W . Bush may have been responsible for the attacks .",
"title": "September 11 attacks"
},
{
"text": " Sheen is staunchly opposed to vaccinations . After separating from Denise Richards , he sent a legal notice to his daughters physician stating his lack of consent to vaccinate them . The dispute over vaccines seems to have played an important role in the failure of the marriage . Richards said in an interview in 2008 , When I vaccinated Sam , he accused me of poisoning her . And I knew when he said that that the marriage wasnt going to work .",
"title": "Anti-vaccination"
}
] |
/wiki/Charlie_Sheen#P26#1
|
Who was the spouse of Charlie Sheen between Jul 2002 and Feb 2003?
|
Charlie Sheen Carlos Irwin EstΓ©vez ( born September 3 , 1965 ) , known professionally as Charlie Sheen , is an American actor . He has appeared in films such as Platoon ( 1986 ) , Wall Street ( 1987 ) , Young Guns ( 1988 ) , The Rookie ( 1990 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 1993 ) , and The Arrival ( 1996 ) . In the 2000s , when Sheen replaced Michael J . Fox as the star of ABCs Spin City , his portrayal of Charlie Crawford earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . He then starred as Charlie Harper on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men ( 2003β11 ) , for which he received several Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations , and as Dr . Charles Charlie Goodson on the FX series Anger Management ( 2012β14 ) . In 2010 , Sheen was the highest-paid actor on television , earning US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men . Sheens personal life has made headlines , including reports of alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems , as well as allegations of domestic violence . In March 2011 , his contract for Two and a Half Men was terminated by CBS and Warner Bros . following his derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre . On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he is HIV positive , having been diagnosed four years previously . The disclosure resulted in a vast increase of online search queries for HIV prevention and testing , which was later dubbed the Charlie Sheen effect . Early life . Sheen was born Carlos EstΓ©vez on September 3 , 1965 , in New York City , the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen ( whose real name is RamΓ³n EstΓ©vez ) and artist Janet Templeton . His paternal grandparents were emigrants from Galicia ( Spain ) and Ireland , respectively . After being accused of antisemitism in 2011 , Sheen claimed that his mother was Jewish , although Jewish Standard reporter Nate Bloom wrote that he found no evidence to support this and described Sheens claim as exceedingly unlikely . Sheen said later that year that his father was Catholic and his mother was Southern Baptist . He has two older brothers , Emilio and Ramon , and a younger sister , RenΓ©e , all actors . His parents moved to Malibu , California , after Martins Broadway turn in The Subject Was Roses . Sheens first movie appearance was at age nine in his fathers 1974 film The Execution of Private Slovik . Sheen attended Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica , California , along with Robert Downey Jr. , where he was a star pitcher and shortstop for the baseball team . At Santa Monica High School , he showed an early interest in acting , making amateur Super 8 films with his brother Emilio and school friends Rob Lowe and Sean Penn under his birth name . A few weeks before graduation , Sheen was expelled from school for poor grades and attendance . Deciding to become an actor , he took the stage name Charlie Sheen . His father had adopted the surname Sheen in honor of the Catholic archbishop and theologian Fulton J . Sheen , while Charlie was an English form of his given name Carlos . Acting career . Film . Sheens film career began in 1983 , when he was cast to portray Ron in , the sequel to the 1976 low budget horror movie Grizzly , which remained unreleased until 2020 . In 1984 , he had a role in the Cold War teen drama Red Dawn with Patrick Swayze , C . Thomas Howell , Lea Thompson , and Jennifer Grey . Sheen and Grey reunited in a small scene in Ferris Buellers Day Off ( 1986 ) . He also appeared in an episode of the anthology series Amazing Stories . Sheen had his first major role in the Vietnam War drama Platoon ( 1986 ) . In 1987 , he starred with his father in Wall Street . Both Wall Street and Platoon were directed by Oliver Stone . In 1988 , Stone asked Sheen to star in his new film Born on the Fourth of July ( 1989 ) , but later cast Tom Cruise instead . Sheen was never notified by Stone , and only found out when he heard the news from his brother Emilio . Sheen did not take a lead role in Stones subsequent films , although he did have a cameo role in . In 1988 , he starred in the baseball film Eight Men Out as outfielder Happy Felsch . Also in 1988 , he appeared opposite his brother Emilio in Young Guns and again in 1990 in Men at Work . In 1989 , Sheen , John Fusco , Christopher Cain , Lou Diamond Phillips , Emilio EstΓ©vez and Kiefer Sutherland were honored with a Bronze Wrangler for their work on the film Young Guns . In 1990 , he starred alongside his father in Cadence as a rebellious inmate in a military stockade and with Clint Eastwood in the buddy cop film The Rookie . The films were directed by Martin Sheen and Eastwood , respectively . In 1992 , he featured in Beyond the Law with Linda Fiorentino and Michael Madsen . In 1994 , Sheen was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 1997 , Sheen wrote his first movie , Discovery Mars , a direct-to-video documentary revolving around the question , Is There Life on Mars? . The next year , Sheen wrote , produced and starred in the action movie No Code of Conduct . Sheen appeared in several comedy roles , including the Major League films , Money Talks , and the spoof Hot Shots ! films . In 1999 , Sheen appeared in a pilot for A&E Network , called Sugar Hill , which was not picked up . In 1999 , Sheen played himself in Being John Malkovich . He also appeared in the third , fourth and fifth entries in the popular horror-spoof series Scary Movie . Sheen has also done voices for animation , appearing as Charlie in All Dogs Go To Heaven 2 ( replacing Burt Reynolds ) , as well as Dex Dogtective in the Lionsgate animated comedy Foodfight . In 2012 , Sheen was cast to star alongside Jason Schwartzman and Bill Murray in Roman Coppolas surreal comedy film A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charles Swan III . For the 2013 film Machete Kills , in which Sheen played the President of the United States , he was credited under his birth name Carlos EstΓ©vez . It was a one-time move , due to the films Hispanic theme ; it was Sheens idea to use his birth name for the film . The trailer and opening credits for the film used an and introducing.. . tag when showing Sheens birth name . Sheens next feature film project was the ensemble film 9/11 ( 2017 ) , an adaptation of the 9/11 stage play Elevator written by Patrick Carson . The film also featured Whoopi Goldberg , Gina Gershon , Luis GuzmΓ‘n , Wood Harris , Jacqueline Bisset and Bruce Davison . Television . In 2000 , Sheen debuted on the small screen when he replaced Michael J . Fox for the last two seasons of the sitcom Spin City ( which also had fellow Ferris Bueller actor Alan Ruck as Stuart Bondek ) . For his work on Spin City , Sheen was nominated for two ALMA Awards and won his first Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series β Musical or Comedy . The series ended in 2002 . In 2003 , Sheen was cast as Charlie Harper in the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men , which followed the popular Monday night time slot of Everybody Loves Raymond . Sheens role on Two and a Half Men was loosely based on Sheens bad boy image . The role garnered him an ALMA Award and he gained three Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe award nominations . During his eighth and final season on the show , Sheen earned $1.8 million per episode . Warner Bros . dismissal . Production of Two and a Half Men went on hiatus in January 2011 while Sheen underwent a substance rehabilitation program in his home , his third attempt at rehab in 12 months . The following month , CBS canceled the seasons four remaining episodes after Sheen publicly made derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre , and Warner Bros . banned Sheen from entering its production lot . Sheen , already the highest-paid actor on television , responded by publicly demanding a 50 percent raise , claiming that in comparison to the amount that the series was making , he was underpaid . CBS and Warner Bros . terminated Sheens contract on March 7 , 2011 . He was replaced by Ashton Kutcher . In the aftermath of his dismissal , Sheen remained vocally critical of Chuck Lorre , and filed a wrongful termination lawsuit against Lorre and Warner Bros. , which was settled the following September 26 . That same month , Sheen , while presenting an award at the Primetime Emmy Awards , addressed everybody here from Two and a Half Men and stated , From the bottom of my heart , I wish you nothing but the best for this upcoming season . We spent eight wonderful years together and I know you will continue to make great television . In 2012 , Sheen returned to television in Anger Management , the spin-off of the film of the same name . The series ended after an 100-episode run in the second season . Publicity following dismissal . In the wake of the dismissal , Sheen had highly publicized events which were broadcast on television and the Internet . He made statements in television interviews , suggesting that he was a warlock with tiger blood and Adonis DNA , and that he was winning . He also posted videos to YouTube showing himself smoking cigarettes through his nose , and cursing out his former employers . He told one TV interviewer , Im tired of pretending Im not special . Im tired of pretending Im not a total bitchin rock star from Mars . Other . On September 19 , 2011 , Sheen was roasted on Comedy Central . It was watched by 6.4 million people , making it the highest rated roast on Comedy Central to date . Also that year , he played a role in the hip hop music video Steak & Mash Potatoes by Chain Swangaz featuring Brother Marquis . The video features both rappers as fast food employee who create havoc while their boss ( Sheen ) is gone . In October 2018 , Sheen flew to Australia for his An Evening with Charlie Sheen tour . During this time he filmed an advert for car servicing company Ultra Tune which is the next installment in their controversial Unexpected Situations series alongside Parnia Porsche , Laura Lydall , Tyana Hansen and Imogen Lovell . Other ventures . In 2006 , Sheen launched a clothing line for children , called Sheen Kidz . In 2011 , Sheen set a Guinness World Record for Twitter as the Fastest Time to Reach 1 Million Followers ( adding an average of 129,000 new followers per day ) as well as the Guinness record for Highest Paid TV Actor Per Episode β Current at $1.25 million while he was a part of the cast of Two and a Half Men sitcom . On March 3 , 2011 , Sheen signed with Ad.ly marketing agency specializing in Twitter and Facebook promotions . On March 10 , 2011 , Sheen announced a nationwide tour , My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option , which began in Detroit on April 2 . The tour sold out in 18 minutes , a Ticketmaster record . However , on April 1 , 2011 , the Detroit Free Press featured an article that stated as of March 30 that there were over 1000 tickets available from a third-party reseller , some at 15% less than the cheapest seats sold at the Fox Theater . The Huffington Post reported that it was expected Sheen would earn $1 million in 2011 from Twitter endorsements and $7 million from the North American tour . Many of those attending the performance of April 2 in Detroit found it disappointing ; the subsequent performance in Chicago , which featured some adjustments , received a more positive reception . Sheen was announced as the face of and partner in NicoSheen , a line of disposable E-cigarettes and related products . On August 13 , 2011 , Sheen hosted at the 12th annual Gathering of the Juggalos , an event created by the Insane Clown Posse . He received a mixed reaction from the audience , but has expressed appreciation for the culture by describing himself as a Juggalo and wearing a baseball cap featuring the Psychopathic Records logo in public and during production meetings for Anger Management . Personal life . Family and relationships . Sheen has been married three times . He has five children and one grandchild . His oldest daughter is from a previous relationship with his former high school girlfriend , Paula Profit , whose name has also been given as Paula Speert . Through his oldest daughter , Sheen has one granddaughter . In January 1990 , Sheen accidentally shot his fiancΓ©e , Kelly Preston , in the arm . She broke off the engagement soon after . In the 1990s , Sheen subsequently dated a number of adult film actresses , including Ginger Lynn and Heather Hunter . On September 3 , 1995 , Sheen married his first wife , Donna Peele . That same year , Sheen was named as one of the clients of an escort agency operated by Heidi Fleiss . Sheen and Peele divorced in 1996 . Sheen met actress Denise Richards on the set of Good Advice in 2000 . They began dating in October 2001 , when Richards guest-starred on Sheens TV show Spin City . They became engaged on December 26 , 2001 , and married on June 15 , 2002 , at the estate of Spin City creator Gary David Goldberg . They have two daughters together ( born in 2004 and 2005 ) . In March 2005 , Richards filed for divorce , accusing Sheen of alcohol and drug abuse and threats of violence as well as accusations of Sheen looking at gay pornography featuring boys who looked underage and being attracted to underage girls . Sheen would later deny these claims , and stated that the FBI was aware of the allegations and had searched his computers . The divorce was finalized in November 2006 and preceded a custody dispute over their two daughters . On May 30 , 2008 , Sheen married his third wife , Brooke Mueller and had twin sons . In November 2010 , Sheen filed for divorce . On March 1 , 2011 , police removed the couples sons from Sheens home . Sheen told NBCs Today , I stayed very calm and focused . According to People , social services took the children after Mueller obtained a restraining order against Sheen . The document said , I am very concerned that [ Sheen ] is currently insane . Asked if he would fight for the children , Sheen texted People , Born ready . Winning . Sheen and Muellers divorce became final on May 2 , 2011 . On March 1 , 2011 , Sheen was concurrently living with pornographic actress Bree Olson and model and graphic designer Natalie Kenly , whom he collectively nicknamed his goddesses . Olson left Sheen in April 2011 , and Kenly left in June 2011 . In a January 2013 interview on Piers Morgan Tonight , Sheen stated that he was in a relationship with adult film actress and 2011 Penthouse magazine Pet of the Month Georgia Jones . Then , in February 2014 , Sheen became engaged to former adult film star Brett Rossi , who began going by her real name , Scottine . With a wedding planned for November 2014 , the engagement was broken off in October with an announcement that the two had mutually decided to separate . Sheen stated , Ive decided that my children deserve my focus more than a relationship does right now . I still have a tremendous fondness for Scotty and I wish her all the best . A month later it was reported that Rossi was hospitalized for an apparent drug overdose . Substance abuse , legal issues and health . On May 20 , 1998 , Sheen suffered a stroke after overdosing while using cocaine and was hospitalized . Sheen was found in his seaside home by a friend , after which paramedics rushed him to Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center in Thousand Oaks , California . He was described as being in serious condition after his stomach was pumped . Days later , Sheen checked into a rehab clinic , then told doctors that he did not intend to stay . Sheen left , then Sheriffs forced Sheen back to the clinic . On August 11 , 1998 , Sheen , already on probation in California for a previous drug offense , had his probation extended by one year and entered a rehab clinic . In a 2004 interview , Sheen disclosed that his previous overdose was caused by injecting cocaine . On December 25 , 2009 , Sheen was arrested for assaulting his wife at the time , Brooke Mueller , in Aspen , Colorado . He was released the same day from jail after posting an $8,500 bond . Sheen was charged with felony menacing , as well as third-degree assault and criminal mischief . On August 2 , 2010 , Sheen , represented by Yale Galanter , pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault as part of a plea bargain that included dismissal of the other charges against him . Sheen was sentenced to 30 days in a drug rehab center , 30 days of probation , and 36 hours of anger management . On October 26 , 2010 , the police removed Sheen from his suite at the Plaza Hotel after he reportedly caused $7,000 in damage . According to the NYPD , Sheen admitted to drinking and using cocaine the night of the incident . He was released after entering a hospital for observation . On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he was HIV positive , having been diagnosed roughly four years earlier . In an interview , he referred to the acronym HIV as three hard letters to absorb . He manages his condition with a triple cocktail of antiretroviral drugs , and said that it was impossible that he could have infected any of his partners . Sheen noted that since 2011 , he had paid extortionists approximately $10 million to keep his HIV status secret . Sheen stated that he was upfront about his HIV positive condition with all of his past partners . In an episode of The Dr . Oz Show taped in late 2015 and aired January 12 , 2016 , Sheen stated Im [ sic ] been off my meds for about a week now , receiving alternative treatment in Mexico from Sam Chachoua , who claims to have an effective vaccine for HIV ; according to his manager , however , after the episode was taped he resumed taking his medications . In April 2016 , Sheen had his monthly child support payments to his two ex-wives , Richards and Mueller , reduced from $55,000 to $10,000 . The same month , it was announced that Sheen was under investigation by the LAPD stalking unit for threatening to kill his former fiancΓ©e Scottine Ross . Allegations of sexual assault . In 2017 , Sheen sued the National Enquirer over a story alleging that , in 1986 , the then 19-year-old actor raped his 13-year-old co-star Corey Haim on the set of Lucas . The case was settled in 2018 . Haims mother , Judy Haim , identified a different actor as her sons rapist on The Dr . Oz Show , and told Entertainment Tonight that Sheen never raped her son , calling the claims made up . In March 2020 , actor Corey Feldman repeated the claim that Sheen raped Haim in his documentary , corroborated by Feldmans ex-wife Susie Feldman and his Lost Boys co-star Jamison Newlander . Sheen , through his publicist , denied the allegations , calling them sick , twisted and outlandish . Activism . The Charlie Sheen effect . Sheens HIV-positive disclosure corresponded with the greatest number of HIV-related Google searches ever recorded in the United States . During the three weeks following his disclosure , there were about 2.75 million more searches than expected that included the term HIV , and 1.25 million searches were directly relevant to public-health outcomes because they included search terms for condoms , HIV symptoms , or HIV testing ( e.g. , get HIV tested ) . A later study found Sheens disclosure corresponded with a 95% increase in over-the-counter at-home HIV testing kits . The studys authors dubbed it The Charlie Sheen Effect with commenters noting Charlie Sheen did more for HIV education than most UN events do . Sheen spoke out for HIV prevention , citing the studies as motivation , later adding he was humbled to be of service . Charity work . Sheen was the 2004 spokesperson for the Lee National Denim Day breast cancer fundraiser that raised millions of dollars for research and education regarding the disease . Sheen stated that a friend of his died from breast cancer , and he wanted to try to help find a cure for the disease . A major donor and supporter of Aid For AIDS since 2006 , Sheen was honored with an AFA Angel Award , one of only a few ever given , at the nonprofits 25th Silver Anniversary Reception in 2009 . In addition to his financial support , he has volunteered to act as a celebrity judge for several years for their annual fundraiser , Best In Drag Show , which raises around a quarter of a million dollars each year in Los Angeles for AIDS assistance . He has brought other celebrities to support the event , including his father , actor Martin Sheen . Sheens interest in AIDS was first reported in 1987 with his support of Ryan White , an Indiana teenager who became a national spokesperson for AIDS awareness after being infected with AIDS through a blood transfusion for his hemophilia . On March 27 , 2008 , Sheen and Jenna Elfman co-hosted the Scientology-affiliated New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project charity event . Sheen donated one dollar from each ticket sold from his My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option Show 2011 tour to the Red Cross Japanese earthquake Relief Fund . In 2011 , Sheen took on a Twitter challenge by a grieving mother to help critically ill babies born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia by supporting CHERUBS β The Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research , Awareness and Support . On July 16 , 2012 , Sheen announced that he would donate at least $1 million to the USO . This will be among the largest single donations ever given to the troop morale-boosting organization . Sheen , a lifelong fan of the Cincinnati Reds , announced in August 2012 that he would donate $50,000 to the teams community fund , which supports various charities . The donation came after the team raised another $50,000 in an attempt to get sportscaster Marty Brennaman to shave his head on the field after a Reds victory . After Brennaman shaved his head , Sheen offered to match the previous donation total . Opinions . Political views . In a 2015 interview , Sheen described himself as a constitutional Republican . Sheen discussed his desire of running for U.S . President in 2016 . Sheen has been publicly scathing against former President Donald Trump . He has labelled Trump a charlatan and wished death upon him . September 11 attacks . Sheen is an outspoken advocate of the 9/11 truth movement . On September 8 , 2009 , he appealed to President Barack Obama to set up a new investigation into the attacks . Presenting his views as a transcript of a fictional encounter with Obama , he was characterized by the press as believing the 9/11 Commission was a whitewash and that the administration of former President George W . Bush may have been responsible for the attacks . Anti-vaccination . Sheen is staunchly opposed to vaccinations . After separating from Denise Richards , he sent a legal notice to his daughters physician stating his lack of consent to vaccinate them . The dispute over vaccines seems to have played an important role in the failure of the marriage . Richards said in an interview in 2008 , When I vaccinated Sam , he accused me of poisoning her . And I knew when he said that that the marriage wasnt going to work .
|
[
"Denise Richards"
] |
[
{
"text": "Carlos Irwin EstΓ©vez ( born September 3 , 1965 ) , known professionally as Charlie Sheen , is an American actor . He has appeared in films such as Platoon ( 1986 ) , Wall Street ( 1987 ) , Young Guns ( 1988 ) , The Rookie ( 1990 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 1993 ) , and The Arrival ( 1996 ) . In the 2000s , when Sheen replaced Michael J . Fox as the star of ABCs Spin City , his portrayal of Charlie Crawford earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor .",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "He then starred as Charlie Harper on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men ( 2003β11 ) , for which he received several Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations , and as Dr . Charles Charlie Goodson on the FX series Anger Management ( 2012β14 ) . In 2010 , Sheen was the highest-paid actor on television , earning US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men .",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "Sheens personal life has made headlines , including reports of alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems , as well as allegations of domestic violence . In March 2011 , his contract for Two and a Half Men was terminated by CBS and Warner Bros . following his derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre . On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he is HIV positive , having been diagnosed four years previously . The disclosure resulted in a vast increase of online search queries for HIV prevention and testing , which was later",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "dubbed the Charlie Sheen effect .",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "Sheen was born Carlos EstΓ©vez on September 3 , 1965 , in New York City , the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen ( whose real name is RamΓ³n EstΓ©vez ) and artist Janet Templeton . His paternal grandparents were emigrants from Galicia ( Spain ) and Ireland , respectively . After being accused of antisemitism in 2011 , Sheen claimed that his mother was Jewish , although Jewish Standard reporter Nate Bloom wrote that he found no evidence to support this and described Sheens claim as exceedingly unlikely . Sheen said later that year that his father was Catholic",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "and his mother was Southern Baptist . He has two older brothers , Emilio and Ramon , and a younger sister , RenΓ©e , all actors . His parents moved to Malibu , California , after Martins Broadway turn in The Subject Was Roses . Sheens first movie appearance was at age nine in his fathers 1974 film The Execution of Private Slovik . Sheen attended Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica , California , along with Robert Downey Jr. , where he was a star pitcher and shortstop for the baseball team .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " At Santa Monica High School , he showed an early interest in acting , making amateur Super 8 films with his brother Emilio and school friends Rob Lowe and Sean Penn under his birth name . A few weeks before graduation , Sheen was expelled from school for poor grades and attendance . Deciding to become an actor , he took the stage name Charlie Sheen . His father had adopted the surname Sheen in honor of the Catholic archbishop and theologian Fulton J . Sheen , while Charlie was an English form of his given name Carlos .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Sheens film career began in 1983 , when he was cast to portray Ron in , the sequel to the 1976 low budget horror movie Grizzly , which remained unreleased until 2020 . In 1984 , he had a role in the Cold War teen drama Red Dawn with Patrick Swayze , C . Thomas Howell , Lea Thompson , and Jennifer Grey . Sheen and Grey reunited in a small scene in Ferris Buellers Day Off ( 1986 ) . He also appeared in an episode of the anthology series Amazing Stories . Sheen had his first major role",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "in the Vietnam War drama Platoon ( 1986 ) . In 1987 , he starred with his father in Wall Street . Both Wall Street and Platoon were directed by Oliver Stone . In 1988 , Stone asked Sheen to star in his new film Born on the Fourth of July ( 1989 ) , but later cast Tom Cruise instead . Sheen was never notified by Stone , and only found out when he heard the news from his brother Emilio . Sheen did not take a lead role in Stones subsequent films , although he did have a",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "cameo role in .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " In 1988 , he starred in the baseball film Eight Men Out as outfielder Happy Felsch . Also in 1988 , he appeared opposite his brother Emilio in Young Guns and again in 1990 in Men at Work . In 1989 , Sheen , John Fusco , Christopher Cain , Lou Diamond Phillips , Emilio EstΓ©vez and Kiefer Sutherland were honored with a Bronze Wrangler for their work on the film Young Guns .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "In 1990 , he starred alongside his father in Cadence as a rebellious inmate in a military stockade and with Clint Eastwood in the buddy cop film The Rookie . The films were directed by Martin Sheen and Eastwood , respectively . In 1992 , he featured in Beyond the Law with Linda Fiorentino and Michael Madsen . In 1994 , Sheen was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 1997 , Sheen wrote his first movie , Discovery Mars , a direct-to-video documentary revolving around the question , Is There Life on Mars? . The",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "next year , Sheen wrote , produced and starred in the action movie No Code of Conduct .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Sheen appeared in several comedy roles , including the Major League films , Money Talks , and the spoof Hot Shots ! films . In 1999 , Sheen appeared in a pilot for A&E Network , called Sugar Hill , which was not picked up . In 1999 , Sheen played himself in Being John Malkovich . He also appeared in the third , fourth and fifth entries in the popular horror-spoof series Scary Movie .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Sheen has also done voices for animation , appearing as Charlie in All Dogs Go To Heaven 2 ( replacing Burt Reynolds ) , as well as Dex Dogtective in the Lionsgate animated comedy Foodfight .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 , Sheen was cast to star alongside Jason Schwartzman and Bill Murray in Roman Coppolas surreal comedy film A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charles Swan III .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "For the 2013 film Machete Kills , in which Sheen played the President of the United States , he was credited under his birth name Carlos EstΓ©vez . It was a one-time move , due to the films Hispanic theme ; it was Sheens idea to use his birth name for the film . The trailer and opening credits for the film used an and introducing.. . tag when showing Sheens birth name .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Sheens next feature film project was the ensemble film 9/11 ( 2017 ) , an adaptation of the 9/11 stage play Elevator written by Patrick Carson . The film also featured Whoopi Goldberg , Gina Gershon , Luis GuzmΓ‘n , Wood Harris , Jacqueline Bisset and Bruce Davison .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , Sheen debuted on the small screen when he replaced Michael J . Fox for the last two seasons of the sitcom Spin City ( which also had fellow Ferris Bueller actor Alan Ruck as Stuart Bondek ) . For his work on Spin City , Sheen was nominated for two ALMA Awards and won his first Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series β Musical or Comedy . The series ended in 2002 .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Sheen was cast as Charlie Harper in the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men , which followed the popular Monday night time slot of Everybody Loves Raymond . Sheens role on Two and a Half Men was loosely based on Sheens bad boy image . The role garnered him an ALMA Award and he gained three Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe award nominations . During his eighth and final season on the show , Sheen earned $1.8 million per episode .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "Production of Two and a Half Men went on hiatus in January 2011 while Sheen underwent a substance rehabilitation program in his home , his third attempt at rehab in 12 months . The following month , CBS canceled the seasons four remaining episodes after Sheen publicly made derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre , and Warner Bros . banned Sheen from entering its production lot . Sheen , already the highest-paid actor on television , responded by publicly demanding a 50 percent raise , claiming that in comparison to the amount that the series was making",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": ", he was underpaid .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "CBS and Warner Bros . terminated Sheens contract on March 7 , 2011 . He was replaced by Ashton Kutcher . In the aftermath of his dismissal , Sheen remained vocally critical of Chuck Lorre , and filed a wrongful termination lawsuit against Lorre and Warner Bros. , which was settled the following September 26 . That same month , Sheen , while presenting an award at the Primetime Emmy Awards , addressed everybody here from Two and a Half Men and stated , From the bottom of my heart , I wish you nothing but the best for this",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "upcoming season . We spent eight wonderful years together and I know you will continue to make great television . In 2012 , Sheen returned to television in Anger Management , the spin-off of the film of the same name . The series ended after an 100-episode run in the second season .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " In the wake of the dismissal , Sheen had highly publicized events which were broadcast on television and the Internet . He made statements in television interviews , suggesting that he was a warlock with tiger blood and Adonis DNA , and that he was winning . He also posted videos to YouTube showing himself smoking cigarettes through his nose , and cursing out his former employers . He told one TV interviewer , Im tired of pretending Im not special . Im tired of pretending Im not a total bitchin rock star from Mars .",
"title": "Publicity following dismissal"
},
{
"text": " On September 19 , 2011 , Sheen was roasted on Comedy Central . It was watched by 6.4 million people , making it the highest rated roast on Comedy Central to date . Also that year , he played a role in the hip hop music video Steak & Mash Potatoes by Chain Swangaz featuring Brother Marquis . The video features both rappers as fast food employee who create havoc while their boss ( Sheen ) is gone .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": "In October 2018 , Sheen flew to Australia for his An Evening with Charlie Sheen tour . During this time he filmed an advert for car servicing company Ultra Tune which is the next installment in their controversial Unexpected Situations series alongside Parnia Porsche , Laura Lydall , Tyana Hansen and Imogen Lovell .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": " In 2006 , Sheen launched a clothing line for children , called Sheen Kidz . In 2011 , Sheen set a Guinness World Record for Twitter as the Fastest Time to Reach 1 Million Followers ( adding an average of 129,000 new followers per day ) as well as the Guinness record for Highest Paid TV Actor Per Episode β Current at $1.25 million while he was a part of the cast of Two and a Half Men sitcom . On March 3 , 2011 , Sheen signed with Ad.ly marketing agency specializing in Twitter and Facebook promotions .",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": "On March 10 , 2011 , Sheen announced a nationwide tour , My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option , which began in Detroit on April 2 . The tour sold out in 18 minutes , a Ticketmaster record . However , on April 1 , 2011 , the Detroit Free Press featured an article that stated as of March 30 that there were over 1000 tickets available from a third-party reseller , some at 15% less than the cheapest seats sold at the Fox Theater . The Huffington Post reported that it was expected Sheen would earn",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": "$1 million in 2011 from Twitter endorsements and $7 million from the North American tour . Many of those attending the performance of April 2 in Detroit found it disappointing ; the subsequent performance in Chicago , which featured some adjustments , received a more positive reception .",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": " Sheen was announced as the face of and partner in NicoSheen , a line of disposable E-cigarettes and related products . On August 13 , 2011 , Sheen hosted at the 12th annual Gathering of the Juggalos , an event created by the Insane Clown Posse . He received a mixed reaction from the audience , but has expressed appreciation for the culture by describing himself as a Juggalo and wearing a baseball cap featuring the Psychopathic Records logo in public and during production meetings for Anger Management .",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": " Sheen has been married three times . He has five children and one grandchild . His oldest daughter is from a previous relationship with his former high school girlfriend , Paula Profit , whose name has also been given as Paula Speert . Through his oldest daughter , Sheen has one granddaughter . In January 1990 , Sheen accidentally shot his fiancΓ©e , Kelly Preston , in the arm . She broke off the engagement soon after . In the 1990s , Sheen subsequently dated a number of adult film actresses , including Ginger Lynn and Heather Hunter .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On September 3 , 1995 , Sheen married his first wife , Donna Peele . That same year , Sheen was named as one of the clients of an escort agency operated by Heidi Fleiss . Sheen and Peele divorced in 1996 .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "Sheen met actress Denise Richards on the set of Good Advice in 2000 . They began dating in October 2001 , when Richards guest-starred on Sheens TV show Spin City . They became engaged on December 26 , 2001 , and married on June 15 , 2002 , at the estate of Spin City creator Gary David Goldberg . They have two daughters together ( born in 2004 and 2005 ) . In March 2005 , Richards filed for divorce , accusing Sheen of alcohol and drug abuse and threats of violence as well as accusations of Sheen looking at",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "gay pornography featuring boys who looked underage and being attracted to underage girls . Sheen would later deny these claims , and stated that the FBI was aware of the allegations and had searched his computers . The divorce was finalized in November 2006 and preceded a custody dispute over their two daughters .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On May 30 , 2008 , Sheen married his third wife , Brooke Mueller and had twin sons . In November 2010 , Sheen filed for divorce . On March 1 , 2011 , police removed the couples sons from Sheens home . Sheen told NBCs Today , I stayed very calm and focused . According to People , social services took the children after Mueller obtained a restraining order against Sheen . The document said , I am very concerned that [ Sheen ] is currently insane . Asked if he would fight for the children , Sheen texted",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "People , Born ready . Winning . Sheen and Muellers divorce became final on May 2 , 2011 .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " On March 1 , 2011 , Sheen was concurrently living with pornographic actress Bree Olson and model and graphic designer Natalie Kenly , whom he collectively nicknamed his goddesses . Olson left Sheen in April 2011 , and Kenly left in June 2011 . In a January 2013 interview on Piers Morgan Tonight , Sheen stated that he was in a relationship with adult film actress and 2011 Penthouse magazine Pet of the Month Georgia Jones .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "Then , in February 2014 , Sheen became engaged to former adult film star Brett Rossi , who began going by her real name , Scottine . With a wedding planned for November 2014 , the engagement was broken off in October with an announcement that the two had mutually decided to separate . Sheen stated , Ive decided that my children deserve my focus more than a relationship does right now . I still have a tremendous fondness for Scotty and I wish her all the best . A month later it was reported that Rossi was hospitalized for",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "an apparent drug overdose .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On May 20 , 1998 , Sheen suffered a stroke after overdosing while using cocaine and was hospitalized . Sheen was found in his seaside home by a friend , after which paramedics rushed him to Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center in Thousand Oaks , California . He was described as being in serious condition after his stomach was pumped . Days later , Sheen checked into a rehab clinic , then told doctors that he did not intend to stay . Sheen left , then Sheriffs forced Sheen back to the clinic . On August 11 , 1998",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": ", Sheen , already on probation in California for a previous drug offense , had his probation extended by one year and entered a rehab clinic . In a 2004 interview , Sheen disclosed that his previous overdose was caused by injecting cocaine .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On December 25 , 2009 , Sheen was arrested for assaulting his wife at the time , Brooke Mueller , in Aspen , Colorado . He was released the same day from jail after posting an $8,500 bond . Sheen was charged with felony menacing , as well as third-degree assault and criminal mischief . On August 2 , 2010 , Sheen , represented by Yale Galanter , pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault as part of a plea bargain that included dismissal of the other charges against him . Sheen was sentenced to 30 days in a drug rehab center",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": ", 30 days of probation , and 36 hours of anger management .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " On October 26 , 2010 , the police removed Sheen from his suite at the Plaza Hotel after he reportedly caused $7,000 in damage . According to the NYPD , Sheen admitted to drinking and using cocaine the night of the incident . He was released after entering a hospital for observation .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he was HIV positive , having been diagnosed roughly four years earlier . In an interview , he referred to the acronym HIV as three hard letters to absorb . He manages his condition with a triple cocktail of antiretroviral drugs , and said that it was impossible that he could have infected any of his partners . Sheen noted that since 2011 , he had paid extortionists approximately $10 million to keep his HIV status secret . Sheen stated that he was upfront about his HIV positive condition with",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "all of his past partners .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " In an episode of The Dr . Oz Show taped in late 2015 and aired January 12 , 2016 , Sheen stated Im [ sic ] been off my meds for about a week now , receiving alternative treatment in Mexico from Sam Chachoua , who claims to have an effective vaccine for HIV ; according to his manager , however , after the episode was taped he resumed taking his medications .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "In April 2016 , Sheen had his monthly child support payments to his two ex-wives , Richards and Mueller , reduced from $55,000 to $10,000 . The same month , it was announced that Sheen was under investigation by the LAPD stalking unit for threatening to kill his former fiancΓ©e Scottine Ross .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " Allegations of sexual assault . In 2017 , Sheen sued the National Enquirer over a story alleging that , in 1986 , the then 19-year-old actor raped his 13-year-old co-star Corey Haim on the set of Lucas . The case was settled in 2018 . Haims mother , Judy Haim , identified a different actor as her sons rapist on The Dr . Oz Show , and told Entertainment Tonight that Sheen never raped her son , calling the claims made up .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "In March 2020 , actor Corey Feldman repeated the claim that Sheen raped Haim in his documentary , corroborated by Feldmans ex-wife Susie Feldman and his Lost Boys co-star Jamison Newlander . Sheen , through his publicist , denied the allegations , calling them sick , twisted and outlandish .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " The Charlie Sheen effect . Sheens HIV-positive disclosure corresponded with the greatest number of HIV-related Google searches ever recorded in the United States . During the three weeks following his disclosure , there were about 2.75 million more searches than expected that included the term HIV , and 1.25 million searches were directly relevant to public-health outcomes because they included search terms for condoms , HIV symptoms , or HIV testing ( e.g. , get HIV tested ) . A later study found Sheens disclosure corresponded with a 95% increase in over-the-counter at-home HIV testing kits .",
"title": "Activism"
},
{
"text": "The studys authors dubbed it The Charlie Sheen Effect with commenters noting Charlie Sheen did more for HIV education than most UN events do . Sheen spoke out for HIV prevention , citing the studies as motivation , later adding he was humbled to be of service .",
"title": "Activism"
},
{
"text": " Sheen was the 2004 spokesperson for the Lee National Denim Day breast cancer fundraiser that raised millions of dollars for research and education regarding the disease . Sheen stated that a friend of his died from breast cancer , and he wanted to try to help find a cure for the disease .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": "A major donor and supporter of Aid For AIDS since 2006 , Sheen was honored with an AFA Angel Award , one of only a few ever given , at the nonprofits 25th Silver Anniversary Reception in 2009 . In addition to his financial support , he has volunteered to act as a celebrity judge for several years for their annual fundraiser , Best In Drag Show , which raises around a quarter of a million dollars each year in Los Angeles for AIDS assistance .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": " He has brought other celebrities to support the event , including his father , actor Martin Sheen . Sheens interest in AIDS was first reported in 1987 with his support of Ryan White , an Indiana teenager who became a national spokesperson for AIDS awareness after being infected with AIDS through a blood transfusion for his hemophilia . On March 27 , 2008 , Sheen and Jenna Elfman co-hosted the Scientology-affiliated New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project charity event .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": "Sheen donated one dollar from each ticket sold from his My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option Show 2011 tour to the Red Cross Japanese earthquake Relief Fund .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Sheen took on a Twitter challenge by a grieving mother to help critically ill babies born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia by supporting CHERUBS β The Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research , Awareness and Support . On July 16 , 2012 , Sheen announced that he would donate at least $1 million to the USO . This will be among the largest single donations ever given to the troop morale-boosting organization .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": "Sheen , a lifelong fan of the Cincinnati Reds , announced in August 2012 that he would donate $50,000 to the teams community fund , which supports various charities . The donation came after the team raised another $50,000 in an attempt to get sportscaster Marty Brennaman to shave his head on the field after a Reds victory . After Brennaman shaved his head , Sheen offered to match the previous donation total .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": " In a 2015 interview , Sheen described himself as a constitutional Republican . Sheen discussed his desire of running for U.S . President in 2016 . Sheen has been publicly scathing against former President Donald Trump . He has labelled Trump a charlatan and wished death upon him .",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": " Sheen is an outspoken advocate of the 9/11 truth movement . On September 8 , 2009 , he appealed to President Barack Obama to set up a new investigation into the attacks . Presenting his views as a transcript of a fictional encounter with Obama , he was characterized by the press as believing the 9/11 Commission was a whitewash and that the administration of former President George W . Bush may have been responsible for the attacks .",
"title": "September 11 attacks"
},
{
"text": " Sheen is staunchly opposed to vaccinations . After separating from Denise Richards , he sent a legal notice to his daughters physician stating his lack of consent to vaccinate them . The dispute over vaccines seems to have played an important role in the failure of the marriage . Richards said in an interview in 2008 , When I vaccinated Sam , he accused me of poisoning her . And I knew when he said that that the marriage wasnt going to work .",
"title": "Anti-vaccination"
}
] |
/wiki/Charlie_Sheen#P26#2
|
Who was the spouse of Charlie Sheen after Mar 2010?
|
Charlie Sheen Carlos Irwin EstΓ©vez ( born September 3 , 1965 ) , known professionally as Charlie Sheen , is an American actor . He has appeared in films such as Platoon ( 1986 ) , Wall Street ( 1987 ) , Young Guns ( 1988 ) , The Rookie ( 1990 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 1993 ) , and The Arrival ( 1996 ) . In the 2000s , when Sheen replaced Michael J . Fox as the star of ABCs Spin City , his portrayal of Charlie Crawford earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . He then starred as Charlie Harper on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men ( 2003β11 ) , for which he received several Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations , and as Dr . Charles Charlie Goodson on the FX series Anger Management ( 2012β14 ) . In 2010 , Sheen was the highest-paid actor on television , earning US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men . Sheens personal life has made headlines , including reports of alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems , as well as allegations of domestic violence . In March 2011 , his contract for Two and a Half Men was terminated by CBS and Warner Bros . following his derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre . On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he is HIV positive , having been diagnosed four years previously . The disclosure resulted in a vast increase of online search queries for HIV prevention and testing , which was later dubbed the Charlie Sheen effect . Early life . Sheen was born Carlos EstΓ©vez on September 3 , 1965 , in New York City , the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen ( whose real name is RamΓ³n EstΓ©vez ) and artist Janet Templeton . His paternal grandparents were emigrants from Galicia ( Spain ) and Ireland , respectively . After being accused of antisemitism in 2011 , Sheen claimed that his mother was Jewish , although Jewish Standard reporter Nate Bloom wrote that he found no evidence to support this and described Sheens claim as exceedingly unlikely . Sheen said later that year that his father was Catholic and his mother was Southern Baptist . He has two older brothers , Emilio and Ramon , and a younger sister , RenΓ©e , all actors . His parents moved to Malibu , California , after Martins Broadway turn in The Subject Was Roses . Sheens first movie appearance was at age nine in his fathers 1974 film The Execution of Private Slovik . Sheen attended Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica , California , along with Robert Downey Jr. , where he was a star pitcher and shortstop for the baseball team . At Santa Monica High School , he showed an early interest in acting , making amateur Super 8 films with his brother Emilio and school friends Rob Lowe and Sean Penn under his birth name . A few weeks before graduation , Sheen was expelled from school for poor grades and attendance . Deciding to become an actor , he took the stage name Charlie Sheen . His father had adopted the surname Sheen in honor of the Catholic archbishop and theologian Fulton J . Sheen , while Charlie was an English form of his given name Carlos . Acting career . Film . Sheens film career began in 1983 , when he was cast to portray Ron in , the sequel to the 1976 low budget horror movie Grizzly , which remained unreleased until 2020 . In 1984 , he had a role in the Cold War teen drama Red Dawn with Patrick Swayze , C . Thomas Howell , Lea Thompson , and Jennifer Grey . Sheen and Grey reunited in a small scene in Ferris Buellers Day Off ( 1986 ) . He also appeared in an episode of the anthology series Amazing Stories . Sheen had his first major role in the Vietnam War drama Platoon ( 1986 ) . In 1987 , he starred with his father in Wall Street . Both Wall Street and Platoon were directed by Oliver Stone . In 1988 , Stone asked Sheen to star in his new film Born on the Fourth of July ( 1989 ) , but later cast Tom Cruise instead . Sheen was never notified by Stone , and only found out when he heard the news from his brother Emilio . Sheen did not take a lead role in Stones subsequent films , although he did have a cameo role in . In 1988 , he starred in the baseball film Eight Men Out as outfielder Happy Felsch . Also in 1988 , he appeared opposite his brother Emilio in Young Guns and again in 1990 in Men at Work . In 1989 , Sheen , John Fusco , Christopher Cain , Lou Diamond Phillips , Emilio EstΓ©vez and Kiefer Sutherland were honored with a Bronze Wrangler for their work on the film Young Guns . In 1990 , he starred alongside his father in Cadence as a rebellious inmate in a military stockade and with Clint Eastwood in the buddy cop film The Rookie . The films were directed by Martin Sheen and Eastwood , respectively . In 1992 , he featured in Beyond the Law with Linda Fiorentino and Michael Madsen . In 1994 , Sheen was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 1997 , Sheen wrote his first movie , Discovery Mars , a direct-to-video documentary revolving around the question , Is There Life on Mars? . The next year , Sheen wrote , produced and starred in the action movie No Code of Conduct . Sheen appeared in several comedy roles , including the Major League films , Money Talks , and the spoof Hot Shots ! films . In 1999 , Sheen appeared in a pilot for A&E Network , called Sugar Hill , which was not picked up . In 1999 , Sheen played himself in Being John Malkovich . He also appeared in the third , fourth and fifth entries in the popular horror-spoof series Scary Movie . Sheen has also done voices for animation , appearing as Charlie in All Dogs Go To Heaven 2 ( replacing Burt Reynolds ) , as well as Dex Dogtective in the Lionsgate animated comedy Foodfight . In 2012 , Sheen was cast to star alongside Jason Schwartzman and Bill Murray in Roman Coppolas surreal comedy film A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charles Swan III . For the 2013 film Machete Kills , in which Sheen played the President of the United States , he was credited under his birth name Carlos EstΓ©vez . It was a one-time move , due to the films Hispanic theme ; it was Sheens idea to use his birth name for the film . The trailer and opening credits for the film used an and introducing.. . tag when showing Sheens birth name . Sheens next feature film project was the ensemble film 9/11 ( 2017 ) , an adaptation of the 9/11 stage play Elevator written by Patrick Carson . The film also featured Whoopi Goldberg , Gina Gershon , Luis GuzmΓ‘n , Wood Harris , Jacqueline Bisset and Bruce Davison . Television . In 2000 , Sheen debuted on the small screen when he replaced Michael J . Fox for the last two seasons of the sitcom Spin City ( which also had fellow Ferris Bueller actor Alan Ruck as Stuart Bondek ) . For his work on Spin City , Sheen was nominated for two ALMA Awards and won his first Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series β Musical or Comedy . The series ended in 2002 . In 2003 , Sheen was cast as Charlie Harper in the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men , which followed the popular Monday night time slot of Everybody Loves Raymond . Sheens role on Two and a Half Men was loosely based on Sheens bad boy image . The role garnered him an ALMA Award and he gained three Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe award nominations . During his eighth and final season on the show , Sheen earned $1.8 million per episode . Warner Bros . dismissal . Production of Two and a Half Men went on hiatus in January 2011 while Sheen underwent a substance rehabilitation program in his home , his third attempt at rehab in 12 months . The following month , CBS canceled the seasons four remaining episodes after Sheen publicly made derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre , and Warner Bros . banned Sheen from entering its production lot . Sheen , already the highest-paid actor on television , responded by publicly demanding a 50 percent raise , claiming that in comparison to the amount that the series was making , he was underpaid . CBS and Warner Bros . terminated Sheens contract on March 7 , 2011 . He was replaced by Ashton Kutcher . In the aftermath of his dismissal , Sheen remained vocally critical of Chuck Lorre , and filed a wrongful termination lawsuit against Lorre and Warner Bros. , which was settled the following September 26 . That same month , Sheen , while presenting an award at the Primetime Emmy Awards , addressed everybody here from Two and a Half Men and stated , From the bottom of my heart , I wish you nothing but the best for this upcoming season . We spent eight wonderful years together and I know you will continue to make great television . In 2012 , Sheen returned to television in Anger Management , the spin-off of the film of the same name . The series ended after an 100-episode run in the second season . Publicity following dismissal . In the wake of the dismissal , Sheen had highly publicized events which were broadcast on television and the Internet . He made statements in television interviews , suggesting that he was a warlock with tiger blood and Adonis DNA , and that he was winning . He also posted videos to YouTube showing himself smoking cigarettes through his nose , and cursing out his former employers . He told one TV interviewer , Im tired of pretending Im not special . Im tired of pretending Im not a total bitchin rock star from Mars . Other . On September 19 , 2011 , Sheen was roasted on Comedy Central . It was watched by 6.4 million people , making it the highest rated roast on Comedy Central to date . Also that year , he played a role in the hip hop music video Steak & Mash Potatoes by Chain Swangaz featuring Brother Marquis . The video features both rappers as fast food employee who create havoc while their boss ( Sheen ) is gone . In October 2018 , Sheen flew to Australia for his An Evening with Charlie Sheen tour . During this time he filmed an advert for car servicing company Ultra Tune which is the next installment in their controversial Unexpected Situations series alongside Parnia Porsche , Laura Lydall , Tyana Hansen and Imogen Lovell . Other ventures . In 2006 , Sheen launched a clothing line for children , called Sheen Kidz . In 2011 , Sheen set a Guinness World Record for Twitter as the Fastest Time to Reach 1 Million Followers ( adding an average of 129,000 new followers per day ) as well as the Guinness record for Highest Paid TV Actor Per Episode β Current at $1.25 million while he was a part of the cast of Two and a Half Men sitcom . On March 3 , 2011 , Sheen signed with Ad.ly marketing agency specializing in Twitter and Facebook promotions . On March 10 , 2011 , Sheen announced a nationwide tour , My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option , which began in Detroit on April 2 . The tour sold out in 18 minutes , a Ticketmaster record . However , on April 1 , 2011 , the Detroit Free Press featured an article that stated as of March 30 that there were over 1000 tickets available from a third-party reseller , some at 15% less than the cheapest seats sold at the Fox Theater . The Huffington Post reported that it was expected Sheen would earn $1 million in 2011 from Twitter endorsements and $7 million from the North American tour . Many of those attending the performance of April 2 in Detroit found it disappointing ; the subsequent performance in Chicago , which featured some adjustments , received a more positive reception . Sheen was announced as the face of and partner in NicoSheen , a line of disposable E-cigarettes and related products . On August 13 , 2011 , Sheen hosted at the 12th annual Gathering of the Juggalos , an event created by the Insane Clown Posse . He received a mixed reaction from the audience , but has expressed appreciation for the culture by describing himself as a Juggalo and wearing a baseball cap featuring the Psychopathic Records logo in public and during production meetings for Anger Management . Personal life . Family and relationships . Sheen has been married three times . He has five children and one grandchild . His oldest daughter is from a previous relationship with his former high school girlfriend , Paula Profit , whose name has also been given as Paula Speert . Through his oldest daughter , Sheen has one granddaughter . In January 1990 , Sheen accidentally shot his fiancΓ©e , Kelly Preston , in the arm . She broke off the engagement soon after . In the 1990s , Sheen subsequently dated a number of adult film actresses , including Ginger Lynn and Heather Hunter . On September 3 , 1995 , Sheen married his first wife , Donna Peele . That same year , Sheen was named as one of the clients of an escort agency operated by Heidi Fleiss . Sheen and Peele divorced in 1996 . Sheen met actress Denise Richards on the set of Good Advice in 2000 . They began dating in October 2001 , when Richards guest-starred on Sheens TV show Spin City . They became engaged on December 26 , 2001 , and married on June 15 , 2002 , at the estate of Spin City creator Gary David Goldberg . They have two daughters together ( born in 2004 and 2005 ) . In March 2005 , Richards filed for divorce , accusing Sheen of alcohol and drug abuse and threats of violence as well as accusations of Sheen looking at gay pornography featuring boys who looked underage and being attracted to underage girls . Sheen would later deny these claims , and stated that the FBI was aware of the allegations and had searched his computers . The divorce was finalized in November 2006 and preceded a custody dispute over their two daughters . On May 30 , 2008 , Sheen married his third wife , Brooke Mueller and had twin sons . In November 2010 , Sheen filed for divorce . On March 1 , 2011 , police removed the couples sons from Sheens home . Sheen told NBCs Today , I stayed very calm and focused . According to People , social services took the children after Mueller obtained a restraining order against Sheen . The document said , I am very concerned that [ Sheen ] is currently insane . Asked if he would fight for the children , Sheen texted People , Born ready . Winning . Sheen and Muellers divorce became final on May 2 , 2011 . On March 1 , 2011 , Sheen was concurrently living with pornographic actress Bree Olson and model and graphic designer Natalie Kenly , whom he collectively nicknamed his goddesses . Olson left Sheen in April 2011 , and Kenly left in June 2011 . In a January 2013 interview on Piers Morgan Tonight , Sheen stated that he was in a relationship with adult film actress and 2011 Penthouse magazine Pet of the Month Georgia Jones . Then , in February 2014 , Sheen became engaged to former adult film star Brett Rossi , who began going by her real name , Scottine . With a wedding planned for November 2014 , the engagement was broken off in October with an announcement that the two had mutually decided to separate . Sheen stated , Ive decided that my children deserve my focus more than a relationship does right now . I still have a tremendous fondness for Scotty and I wish her all the best . A month later it was reported that Rossi was hospitalized for an apparent drug overdose . Substance abuse , legal issues and health . On May 20 , 1998 , Sheen suffered a stroke after overdosing while using cocaine and was hospitalized . Sheen was found in his seaside home by a friend , after which paramedics rushed him to Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center in Thousand Oaks , California . He was described as being in serious condition after his stomach was pumped . Days later , Sheen checked into a rehab clinic , then told doctors that he did not intend to stay . Sheen left , then Sheriffs forced Sheen back to the clinic . On August 11 , 1998 , Sheen , already on probation in California for a previous drug offense , had his probation extended by one year and entered a rehab clinic . In a 2004 interview , Sheen disclosed that his previous overdose was caused by injecting cocaine . On December 25 , 2009 , Sheen was arrested for assaulting his wife at the time , Brooke Mueller , in Aspen , Colorado . He was released the same day from jail after posting an $8,500 bond . Sheen was charged with felony menacing , as well as third-degree assault and criminal mischief . On August 2 , 2010 , Sheen , represented by Yale Galanter , pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault as part of a plea bargain that included dismissal of the other charges against him . Sheen was sentenced to 30 days in a drug rehab center , 30 days of probation , and 36 hours of anger management . On October 26 , 2010 , the police removed Sheen from his suite at the Plaza Hotel after he reportedly caused $7,000 in damage . According to the NYPD , Sheen admitted to drinking and using cocaine the night of the incident . He was released after entering a hospital for observation . On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he was HIV positive , having been diagnosed roughly four years earlier . In an interview , he referred to the acronym HIV as three hard letters to absorb . He manages his condition with a triple cocktail of antiretroviral drugs , and said that it was impossible that he could have infected any of his partners . Sheen noted that since 2011 , he had paid extortionists approximately $10 million to keep his HIV status secret . Sheen stated that he was upfront about his HIV positive condition with all of his past partners . In an episode of The Dr . Oz Show taped in late 2015 and aired January 12 , 2016 , Sheen stated Im [ sic ] been off my meds for about a week now , receiving alternative treatment in Mexico from Sam Chachoua , who claims to have an effective vaccine for HIV ; according to his manager , however , after the episode was taped he resumed taking his medications . In April 2016 , Sheen had his monthly child support payments to his two ex-wives , Richards and Mueller , reduced from $55,000 to $10,000 . The same month , it was announced that Sheen was under investigation by the LAPD stalking unit for threatening to kill his former fiancΓ©e Scottine Ross . Allegations of sexual assault . In 2017 , Sheen sued the National Enquirer over a story alleging that , in 1986 , the then 19-year-old actor raped his 13-year-old co-star Corey Haim on the set of Lucas . The case was settled in 2018 . Haims mother , Judy Haim , identified a different actor as her sons rapist on The Dr . Oz Show , and told Entertainment Tonight that Sheen never raped her son , calling the claims made up . In March 2020 , actor Corey Feldman repeated the claim that Sheen raped Haim in his documentary , corroborated by Feldmans ex-wife Susie Feldman and his Lost Boys co-star Jamison Newlander . Sheen , through his publicist , denied the allegations , calling them sick , twisted and outlandish . Activism . The Charlie Sheen effect . Sheens HIV-positive disclosure corresponded with the greatest number of HIV-related Google searches ever recorded in the United States . During the three weeks following his disclosure , there were about 2.75 million more searches than expected that included the term HIV , and 1.25 million searches were directly relevant to public-health outcomes because they included search terms for condoms , HIV symptoms , or HIV testing ( e.g. , get HIV tested ) . A later study found Sheens disclosure corresponded with a 95% increase in over-the-counter at-home HIV testing kits . The studys authors dubbed it The Charlie Sheen Effect with commenters noting Charlie Sheen did more for HIV education than most UN events do . Sheen spoke out for HIV prevention , citing the studies as motivation , later adding he was humbled to be of service . Charity work . Sheen was the 2004 spokesperson for the Lee National Denim Day breast cancer fundraiser that raised millions of dollars for research and education regarding the disease . Sheen stated that a friend of his died from breast cancer , and he wanted to try to help find a cure for the disease . A major donor and supporter of Aid For AIDS since 2006 , Sheen was honored with an AFA Angel Award , one of only a few ever given , at the nonprofits 25th Silver Anniversary Reception in 2009 . In addition to his financial support , he has volunteered to act as a celebrity judge for several years for their annual fundraiser , Best In Drag Show , which raises around a quarter of a million dollars each year in Los Angeles for AIDS assistance . He has brought other celebrities to support the event , including his father , actor Martin Sheen . Sheens interest in AIDS was first reported in 1987 with his support of Ryan White , an Indiana teenager who became a national spokesperson for AIDS awareness after being infected with AIDS through a blood transfusion for his hemophilia . On March 27 , 2008 , Sheen and Jenna Elfman co-hosted the Scientology-affiliated New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project charity event . Sheen donated one dollar from each ticket sold from his My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option Show 2011 tour to the Red Cross Japanese earthquake Relief Fund . In 2011 , Sheen took on a Twitter challenge by a grieving mother to help critically ill babies born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia by supporting CHERUBS β The Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research , Awareness and Support . On July 16 , 2012 , Sheen announced that he would donate at least $1 million to the USO . This will be among the largest single donations ever given to the troop morale-boosting organization . Sheen , a lifelong fan of the Cincinnati Reds , announced in August 2012 that he would donate $50,000 to the teams community fund , which supports various charities . The donation came after the team raised another $50,000 in an attempt to get sportscaster Marty Brennaman to shave his head on the field after a Reds victory . After Brennaman shaved his head , Sheen offered to match the previous donation total . Opinions . Political views . In a 2015 interview , Sheen described himself as a constitutional Republican . Sheen discussed his desire of running for U.S . President in 2016 . Sheen has been publicly scathing against former President Donald Trump . He has labelled Trump a charlatan and wished death upon him . September 11 attacks . Sheen is an outspoken advocate of the 9/11 truth movement . On September 8 , 2009 , he appealed to President Barack Obama to set up a new investigation into the attacks . Presenting his views as a transcript of a fictional encounter with Obama , he was characterized by the press as believing the 9/11 Commission was a whitewash and that the administration of former President George W . Bush may have been responsible for the attacks . Anti-vaccination . Sheen is staunchly opposed to vaccinations . After separating from Denise Richards , he sent a legal notice to his daughters physician stating his lack of consent to vaccinate them . The dispute over vaccines seems to have played an important role in the failure of the marriage . Richards said in an interview in 2008 , When I vaccinated Sam , he accused me of poisoning her . And I knew when he said that that the marriage wasnt going to work .
|
[
"Brooke Mueller"
] |
[
{
"text": "Carlos Irwin EstΓ©vez ( born September 3 , 1965 ) , known professionally as Charlie Sheen , is an American actor . He has appeared in films such as Platoon ( 1986 ) , Wall Street ( 1987 ) , Young Guns ( 1988 ) , The Rookie ( 1990 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 1993 ) , and The Arrival ( 1996 ) . In the 2000s , when Sheen replaced Michael J . Fox as the star of ABCs Spin City , his portrayal of Charlie Crawford earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor .",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "He then starred as Charlie Harper on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men ( 2003β11 ) , for which he received several Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations , and as Dr . Charles Charlie Goodson on the FX series Anger Management ( 2012β14 ) . In 2010 , Sheen was the highest-paid actor on television , earning US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men .",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "Sheens personal life has made headlines , including reports of alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems , as well as allegations of domestic violence . In March 2011 , his contract for Two and a Half Men was terminated by CBS and Warner Bros . following his derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre . On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he is HIV positive , having been diagnosed four years previously . The disclosure resulted in a vast increase of online search queries for HIV prevention and testing , which was later",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "dubbed the Charlie Sheen effect .",
"title": "Charlie Sheen"
},
{
"text": "Sheen was born Carlos EstΓ©vez on September 3 , 1965 , in New York City , the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen ( whose real name is RamΓ³n EstΓ©vez ) and artist Janet Templeton . His paternal grandparents were emigrants from Galicia ( Spain ) and Ireland , respectively . After being accused of antisemitism in 2011 , Sheen claimed that his mother was Jewish , although Jewish Standard reporter Nate Bloom wrote that he found no evidence to support this and described Sheens claim as exceedingly unlikely . Sheen said later that year that his father was Catholic",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "and his mother was Southern Baptist . He has two older brothers , Emilio and Ramon , and a younger sister , RenΓ©e , all actors . His parents moved to Malibu , California , after Martins Broadway turn in The Subject Was Roses . Sheens first movie appearance was at age nine in his fathers 1974 film The Execution of Private Slovik . Sheen attended Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica , California , along with Robert Downey Jr. , where he was a star pitcher and shortstop for the baseball team .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " At Santa Monica High School , he showed an early interest in acting , making amateur Super 8 films with his brother Emilio and school friends Rob Lowe and Sean Penn under his birth name . A few weeks before graduation , Sheen was expelled from school for poor grades and attendance . Deciding to become an actor , he took the stage name Charlie Sheen . His father had adopted the surname Sheen in honor of the Catholic archbishop and theologian Fulton J . Sheen , while Charlie was an English form of his given name Carlos .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Sheens film career began in 1983 , when he was cast to portray Ron in , the sequel to the 1976 low budget horror movie Grizzly , which remained unreleased until 2020 . In 1984 , he had a role in the Cold War teen drama Red Dawn with Patrick Swayze , C . Thomas Howell , Lea Thompson , and Jennifer Grey . Sheen and Grey reunited in a small scene in Ferris Buellers Day Off ( 1986 ) . He also appeared in an episode of the anthology series Amazing Stories . Sheen had his first major role",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "in the Vietnam War drama Platoon ( 1986 ) . In 1987 , he starred with his father in Wall Street . Both Wall Street and Platoon were directed by Oliver Stone . In 1988 , Stone asked Sheen to star in his new film Born on the Fourth of July ( 1989 ) , but later cast Tom Cruise instead . Sheen was never notified by Stone , and only found out when he heard the news from his brother Emilio . Sheen did not take a lead role in Stones subsequent films , although he did have a",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "cameo role in .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " In 1988 , he starred in the baseball film Eight Men Out as outfielder Happy Felsch . Also in 1988 , he appeared opposite his brother Emilio in Young Guns and again in 1990 in Men at Work . In 1989 , Sheen , John Fusco , Christopher Cain , Lou Diamond Phillips , Emilio EstΓ©vez and Kiefer Sutherland were honored with a Bronze Wrangler for their work on the film Young Guns .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "In 1990 , he starred alongside his father in Cadence as a rebellious inmate in a military stockade and with Clint Eastwood in the buddy cop film The Rookie . The films were directed by Martin Sheen and Eastwood , respectively . In 1992 , he featured in Beyond the Law with Linda Fiorentino and Michael Madsen . In 1994 , Sheen was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 1997 , Sheen wrote his first movie , Discovery Mars , a direct-to-video documentary revolving around the question , Is There Life on Mars? . The",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "next year , Sheen wrote , produced and starred in the action movie No Code of Conduct .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Sheen appeared in several comedy roles , including the Major League films , Money Talks , and the spoof Hot Shots ! films . In 1999 , Sheen appeared in a pilot for A&E Network , called Sugar Hill , which was not picked up . In 1999 , Sheen played himself in Being John Malkovich . He also appeared in the third , fourth and fifth entries in the popular horror-spoof series Scary Movie .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "Sheen has also done voices for animation , appearing as Charlie in All Dogs Go To Heaven 2 ( replacing Burt Reynolds ) , as well as Dex Dogtective in the Lionsgate animated comedy Foodfight .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 , Sheen was cast to star alongside Jason Schwartzman and Bill Murray in Roman Coppolas surreal comedy film A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charles Swan III .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": "For the 2013 film Machete Kills , in which Sheen played the President of the United States , he was credited under his birth name Carlos EstΓ©vez . It was a one-time move , due to the films Hispanic theme ; it was Sheens idea to use his birth name for the film . The trailer and opening credits for the film used an and introducing.. . tag when showing Sheens birth name .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " Sheens next feature film project was the ensemble film 9/11 ( 2017 ) , an adaptation of the 9/11 stage play Elevator written by Patrick Carson . The film also featured Whoopi Goldberg , Gina Gershon , Luis GuzmΓ‘n , Wood Harris , Jacqueline Bisset and Bruce Davison .",
"title": "Film"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 , Sheen debuted on the small screen when he replaced Michael J . Fox for the last two seasons of the sitcom Spin City ( which also had fellow Ferris Bueller actor Alan Ruck as Stuart Bondek ) . For his work on Spin City , Sheen was nominated for two ALMA Awards and won his first Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series β Musical or Comedy . The series ended in 2002 .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Sheen was cast as Charlie Harper in the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men , which followed the popular Monday night time slot of Everybody Loves Raymond . Sheens role on Two and a Half Men was loosely based on Sheens bad boy image . The role garnered him an ALMA Award and he gained three Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe award nominations . During his eighth and final season on the show , Sheen earned $1.8 million per episode .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "Production of Two and a Half Men went on hiatus in January 2011 while Sheen underwent a substance rehabilitation program in his home , his third attempt at rehab in 12 months . The following month , CBS canceled the seasons four remaining episodes after Sheen publicly made derogatory comments about the series creator , Chuck Lorre , and Warner Bros . banned Sheen from entering its production lot . Sheen , already the highest-paid actor on television , responded by publicly demanding a 50 percent raise , claiming that in comparison to the amount that the series was making",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": ", he was underpaid .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "CBS and Warner Bros . terminated Sheens contract on March 7 , 2011 . He was replaced by Ashton Kutcher . In the aftermath of his dismissal , Sheen remained vocally critical of Chuck Lorre , and filed a wrongful termination lawsuit against Lorre and Warner Bros. , which was settled the following September 26 . That same month , Sheen , while presenting an award at the Primetime Emmy Awards , addressed everybody here from Two and a Half Men and stated , From the bottom of my heart , I wish you nothing but the best for this",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": "upcoming season . We spent eight wonderful years together and I know you will continue to make great television . In 2012 , Sheen returned to television in Anger Management , the spin-off of the film of the same name . The series ended after an 100-episode run in the second season .",
"title": "Television"
},
{
"text": " In the wake of the dismissal , Sheen had highly publicized events which were broadcast on television and the Internet . He made statements in television interviews , suggesting that he was a warlock with tiger blood and Adonis DNA , and that he was winning . He also posted videos to YouTube showing himself smoking cigarettes through his nose , and cursing out his former employers . He told one TV interviewer , Im tired of pretending Im not special . Im tired of pretending Im not a total bitchin rock star from Mars .",
"title": "Publicity following dismissal"
},
{
"text": " On September 19 , 2011 , Sheen was roasted on Comedy Central . It was watched by 6.4 million people , making it the highest rated roast on Comedy Central to date . Also that year , he played a role in the hip hop music video Steak & Mash Potatoes by Chain Swangaz featuring Brother Marquis . The video features both rappers as fast food employee who create havoc while their boss ( Sheen ) is gone .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": "In October 2018 , Sheen flew to Australia for his An Evening with Charlie Sheen tour . During this time he filmed an advert for car servicing company Ultra Tune which is the next installment in their controversial Unexpected Situations series alongside Parnia Porsche , Laura Lydall , Tyana Hansen and Imogen Lovell .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": " In 2006 , Sheen launched a clothing line for children , called Sheen Kidz . In 2011 , Sheen set a Guinness World Record for Twitter as the Fastest Time to Reach 1 Million Followers ( adding an average of 129,000 new followers per day ) as well as the Guinness record for Highest Paid TV Actor Per Episode β Current at $1.25 million while he was a part of the cast of Two and a Half Men sitcom . On March 3 , 2011 , Sheen signed with Ad.ly marketing agency specializing in Twitter and Facebook promotions .",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": "On March 10 , 2011 , Sheen announced a nationwide tour , My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option , which began in Detroit on April 2 . The tour sold out in 18 minutes , a Ticketmaster record . However , on April 1 , 2011 , the Detroit Free Press featured an article that stated as of March 30 that there were over 1000 tickets available from a third-party reseller , some at 15% less than the cheapest seats sold at the Fox Theater . The Huffington Post reported that it was expected Sheen would earn",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": "$1 million in 2011 from Twitter endorsements and $7 million from the North American tour . Many of those attending the performance of April 2 in Detroit found it disappointing ; the subsequent performance in Chicago , which featured some adjustments , received a more positive reception .",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": " Sheen was announced as the face of and partner in NicoSheen , a line of disposable E-cigarettes and related products . On August 13 , 2011 , Sheen hosted at the 12th annual Gathering of the Juggalos , an event created by the Insane Clown Posse . He received a mixed reaction from the audience , but has expressed appreciation for the culture by describing himself as a Juggalo and wearing a baseball cap featuring the Psychopathic Records logo in public and during production meetings for Anger Management .",
"title": "Other ventures"
},
{
"text": " Sheen has been married three times . He has five children and one grandchild . His oldest daughter is from a previous relationship with his former high school girlfriend , Paula Profit , whose name has also been given as Paula Speert . Through his oldest daughter , Sheen has one granddaughter . In January 1990 , Sheen accidentally shot his fiancΓ©e , Kelly Preston , in the arm . She broke off the engagement soon after . In the 1990s , Sheen subsequently dated a number of adult film actresses , including Ginger Lynn and Heather Hunter .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On September 3 , 1995 , Sheen married his first wife , Donna Peele . That same year , Sheen was named as one of the clients of an escort agency operated by Heidi Fleiss . Sheen and Peele divorced in 1996 .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "Sheen met actress Denise Richards on the set of Good Advice in 2000 . They began dating in October 2001 , when Richards guest-starred on Sheens TV show Spin City . They became engaged on December 26 , 2001 , and married on June 15 , 2002 , at the estate of Spin City creator Gary David Goldberg . They have two daughters together ( born in 2004 and 2005 ) . In March 2005 , Richards filed for divorce , accusing Sheen of alcohol and drug abuse and threats of violence as well as accusations of Sheen looking at",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "gay pornography featuring boys who looked underage and being attracted to underage girls . Sheen would later deny these claims , and stated that the FBI was aware of the allegations and had searched his computers . The divorce was finalized in November 2006 and preceded a custody dispute over their two daughters .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On May 30 , 2008 , Sheen married his third wife , Brooke Mueller and had twin sons . In November 2010 , Sheen filed for divorce . On March 1 , 2011 , police removed the couples sons from Sheens home . Sheen told NBCs Today , I stayed very calm and focused . According to People , social services took the children after Mueller obtained a restraining order against Sheen . The document said , I am very concerned that [ Sheen ] is currently insane . Asked if he would fight for the children , Sheen texted",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "People , Born ready . Winning . Sheen and Muellers divorce became final on May 2 , 2011 .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " On March 1 , 2011 , Sheen was concurrently living with pornographic actress Bree Olson and model and graphic designer Natalie Kenly , whom he collectively nicknamed his goddesses . Olson left Sheen in April 2011 , and Kenly left in June 2011 . In a January 2013 interview on Piers Morgan Tonight , Sheen stated that he was in a relationship with adult film actress and 2011 Penthouse magazine Pet of the Month Georgia Jones .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "Then , in February 2014 , Sheen became engaged to former adult film star Brett Rossi , who began going by her real name , Scottine . With a wedding planned for November 2014 , the engagement was broken off in October with an announcement that the two had mutually decided to separate . Sheen stated , Ive decided that my children deserve my focus more than a relationship does right now . I still have a tremendous fondness for Scotty and I wish her all the best . A month later it was reported that Rossi was hospitalized for",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "an apparent drug overdose .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On May 20 , 1998 , Sheen suffered a stroke after overdosing while using cocaine and was hospitalized . Sheen was found in his seaside home by a friend , after which paramedics rushed him to Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center in Thousand Oaks , California . He was described as being in serious condition after his stomach was pumped . Days later , Sheen checked into a rehab clinic , then told doctors that he did not intend to stay . Sheen left , then Sheriffs forced Sheen back to the clinic . On August 11 , 1998",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": ", Sheen , already on probation in California for a previous drug offense , had his probation extended by one year and entered a rehab clinic . In a 2004 interview , Sheen disclosed that his previous overdose was caused by injecting cocaine .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On December 25 , 2009 , Sheen was arrested for assaulting his wife at the time , Brooke Mueller , in Aspen , Colorado . He was released the same day from jail after posting an $8,500 bond . Sheen was charged with felony menacing , as well as third-degree assault and criminal mischief . On August 2 , 2010 , Sheen , represented by Yale Galanter , pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault as part of a plea bargain that included dismissal of the other charges against him . Sheen was sentenced to 30 days in a drug rehab center",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": ", 30 days of probation , and 36 hours of anger management .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " On October 26 , 2010 , the police removed Sheen from his suite at the Plaza Hotel after he reportedly caused $7,000 in damage . According to the NYPD , Sheen admitted to drinking and using cocaine the night of the incident . He was released after entering a hospital for observation .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "On November 17 , 2015 , Sheen publicly revealed that he was HIV positive , having been diagnosed roughly four years earlier . In an interview , he referred to the acronym HIV as three hard letters to absorb . He manages his condition with a triple cocktail of antiretroviral drugs , and said that it was impossible that he could have infected any of his partners . Sheen noted that since 2011 , he had paid extortionists approximately $10 million to keep his HIV status secret . Sheen stated that he was upfront about his HIV positive condition with",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "all of his past partners .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " In an episode of The Dr . Oz Show taped in late 2015 and aired January 12 , 2016 , Sheen stated Im [ sic ] been off my meds for about a week now , receiving alternative treatment in Mexico from Sam Chachoua , who claims to have an effective vaccine for HIV ; according to his manager , however , after the episode was taped he resumed taking his medications .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "In April 2016 , Sheen had his monthly child support payments to his two ex-wives , Richards and Mueller , reduced from $55,000 to $10,000 . The same month , it was announced that Sheen was under investigation by the LAPD stalking unit for threatening to kill his former fiancΓ©e Scottine Ross .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " Allegations of sexual assault . In 2017 , Sheen sued the National Enquirer over a story alleging that , in 1986 , the then 19-year-old actor raped his 13-year-old co-star Corey Haim on the set of Lucas . The case was settled in 2018 . Haims mother , Judy Haim , identified a different actor as her sons rapist on The Dr . Oz Show , and told Entertainment Tonight that Sheen never raped her son , calling the claims made up .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": "In March 2020 , actor Corey Feldman repeated the claim that Sheen raped Haim in his documentary , corroborated by Feldmans ex-wife Susie Feldman and his Lost Boys co-star Jamison Newlander . Sheen , through his publicist , denied the allegations , calling them sick , twisted and outlandish .",
"title": "Family and relationships"
},
{
"text": " The Charlie Sheen effect . Sheens HIV-positive disclosure corresponded with the greatest number of HIV-related Google searches ever recorded in the United States . During the three weeks following his disclosure , there were about 2.75 million more searches than expected that included the term HIV , and 1.25 million searches were directly relevant to public-health outcomes because they included search terms for condoms , HIV symptoms , or HIV testing ( e.g. , get HIV tested ) . A later study found Sheens disclosure corresponded with a 95% increase in over-the-counter at-home HIV testing kits .",
"title": "Activism"
},
{
"text": "The studys authors dubbed it The Charlie Sheen Effect with commenters noting Charlie Sheen did more for HIV education than most UN events do . Sheen spoke out for HIV prevention , citing the studies as motivation , later adding he was humbled to be of service .",
"title": "Activism"
},
{
"text": " Sheen was the 2004 spokesperson for the Lee National Denim Day breast cancer fundraiser that raised millions of dollars for research and education regarding the disease . Sheen stated that a friend of his died from breast cancer , and he wanted to try to help find a cure for the disease .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": "A major donor and supporter of Aid For AIDS since 2006 , Sheen was honored with an AFA Angel Award , one of only a few ever given , at the nonprofits 25th Silver Anniversary Reception in 2009 . In addition to his financial support , he has volunteered to act as a celebrity judge for several years for their annual fundraiser , Best In Drag Show , which raises around a quarter of a million dollars each year in Los Angeles for AIDS assistance .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": " He has brought other celebrities to support the event , including his father , actor Martin Sheen . Sheens interest in AIDS was first reported in 1987 with his support of Ryan White , an Indiana teenager who became a national spokesperson for AIDS awareness after being infected with AIDS through a blood transfusion for his hemophilia . On March 27 , 2008 , Sheen and Jenna Elfman co-hosted the Scientology-affiliated New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project charity event .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": "Sheen donated one dollar from each ticket sold from his My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option Show 2011 tour to the Red Cross Japanese earthquake Relief Fund .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Sheen took on a Twitter challenge by a grieving mother to help critically ill babies born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia by supporting CHERUBS β The Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research , Awareness and Support . On July 16 , 2012 , Sheen announced that he would donate at least $1 million to the USO . This will be among the largest single donations ever given to the troop morale-boosting organization .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": "Sheen , a lifelong fan of the Cincinnati Reds , announced in August 2012 that he would donate $50,000 to the teams community fund , which supports various charities . The donation came after the team raised another $50,000 in an attempt to get sportscaster Marty Brennaman to shave his head on the field after a Reds victory . After Brennaman shaved his head , Sheen offered to match the previous donation total .",
"title": "Charity work"
},
{
"text": " In a 2015 interview , Sheen described himself as a constitutional Republican . Sheen discussed his desire of running for U.S . President in 2016 . Sheen has been publicly scathing against former President Donald Trump . He has labelled Trump a charlatan and wished death upon him .",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": " Sheen is an outspoken advocate of the 9/11 truth movement . On September 8 , 2009 , he appealed to President Barack Obama to set up a new investigation into the attacks . Presenting his views as a transcript of a fictional encounter with Obama , he was characterized by the press as believing the 9/11 Commission was a whitewash and that the administration of former President George W . Bush may have been responsible for the attacks .",
"title": "September 11 attacks"
},
{
"text": " Sheen is staunchly opposed to vaccinations . After separating from Denise Richards , he sent a legal notice to his daughters physician stating his lack of consent to vaccinate them . The dispute over vaccines seems to have played an important role in the failure of the marriage . Richards said in an interview in 2008 , When I vaccinated Sam , he accused me of poisoning her . And I knew when he said that that the marriage wasnt going to work .",
"title": "Anti-vaccination"
}
] |
/wiki/HMS_Warrior_(R31)#P8047#0
|
What was the country of registry for HMS Warrior (R31) in Sep 1946?
|
HMS Warrior ( R31 ) HMS Warrior was a light aircraft carrier which was ordered in 1942 by the British Royal Navy during World War II . Construction was finished in 1945 and upon completion , the aircraft carrier was loaned to the Royal Canadian Navy from 1946 to 1948 as HMCS Warrior . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy in 1948 and entered service with the British . While in service with the Royal Navy , Warrior was modernised twice , including the installation of an angled flight deck in 1956 . In 1948β1949 , the ship was used in aircraft landing experiments and fitted with a rubber flight deck and in 1957 , was used as the headquarters ship during nuclear testing at Christmas Island . In 1958 , the vessel was sold to the Argentine Navy and entered Argentine service in 1959 as ARA Independencia . The aircraft carrier remained in service until 1970 when Independencia was placed in reserve . The following year , the ship was sold for scrap . Description . Warrior was a Colossus-class light aircraft carrier that was long between perpendiculars and overall with a beam at the waterline of and an overall width of . The ship had a mean draught of . Warrior had a standard displacement of when built and a full load displacement of . The aircraft carrier had a flight deck long that was wide and was above the water . The flight deck tapered to at the bow . For takeoffs , the flight deck was equipped with one BH 3 aircraft catapult capable of launching aircraft at . For landings , the ship was fitted with 10 arrestor wires capable of stopping a aircraft , with two safety barriers rated at stopping a 15,000-pound aircraft at Warrior had two aircraft elevators located along the centreline of the ship that were and could handle aircraft up to 15,000 pounds on a 36-second cycle . The aircraft hangar was with a further section beyond the aft elevator , all with a clearance of . The hangar was divided into four sections by asbestos fire curtains . The hangar was fully enclosed and could only be entered by air locks and the lifts , due to the hazardous nature of aviation fuel and oil vapours . The vessel had stowage for of aviation fuel . The ship was powered by steam created by four Admiralty 3-drum type boilers driving two Parsons geared turbines , each turning one shaft . The machinery was split into two spaces , each containing two boilers and one turbine , separated by spaces containing aviation fuel . The spaces were situated en echelon within the ship to prevent a single disabling torpedo strike . The engines were rated at and the vessel had a capacity for of fuel oil , with an range of at . The ships maximum speed was . There was no armour aboard the vessel save for mantlets around the torpedo storage area . There were no longitudinal bulkheads , but the transverse bulkheads were designed to allow the ship to survive two complete sections of the ship being flooded . Warrior was designed to handle up to 42 aircraft . The aircraft carrier carried a wide range of ordnance for their aircraft from torpedoes , depth charges , bombs , 20 mm cannon ammunition and flares . For anti-aircraft defence , the aircraft carrier was initially armed with four twin-mounted and twenty single-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns . The original radar installation included the Type 79 and Type 281 long-range air search radars , the Type 293 and Type 277 fighter direction radar and the YE aircraft homing beacon . The ship had a maximum ships company of 1,300 , which was reduced in peacetime . Construction and career . The contract to construct Warrior was placed on 7 August 1942 . Warrior was built by Harland and Wolff at their yard in Belfast and given the yard number 1224 , originally to be called Brave . Before construction began , the ships name was changed to Warrior and the keel was laid down on 12 December 1942 . The aircraft carrier was launched on 20 May 1944 and was the last of the Colossus class to finish construction . The Royal Navy had originally intended to rush Warrior into service for operations in the Indian Ocean during the Second World War , thus she was built without heaters for some onboard equipment since heat was unnecessary in tropical operations . Royal Canadian Navy service . As the focus of future operations at sea during the Second World War shifted to the Pacific theatre , planning began in May 1944 that the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) would require a larger fleet both in numbers and in size of ships . In the effort to get bigger , the RCN returned the escort carriers then on loan , and , in exchange for the loan of two light fleet carriers . A formal approach was first made in July , with negotiations being finalised in April 1945 when Warrior and were acquired on loan with the option to purchase them outright at a later date . Negotiations were completed in May for the naval air squadrons that would be needed to man the aircraft carrier , however the war ended before the ships were completed . After the agreement with Canada went through , Canadian naval aviation was established with the formation of four squadrons transferred from the Fleet Air Arm intended to fly from Warrior ; 803 Squadron and 883 Squadron equipped with Supermarine Seafires and 825 Squadron and 826 Squadron with Fairey Fireflys . Warrior was completed , transferred to the RCN and commissioned as HMCS Warrior on 24 January 1946 and placed under the command of Captain Frank Houghton . Sea trials were completed in March and flying trials were performed at Spithead following that . For the voyage to Canada , 803 and 825 Squadrons were embarked , while 883 and 826 Squadrons were paid off . Warrior entered Halifax harbour on 31 March 1946 , a week after leaving Portsmouth . She was escorted by the destroyer and the minesweeper , having officially joined the Canadian Atlantic Fleet on 23 March . April through May was spent alongside fixing builders defects before the ship began major fleet operations . In August , the aircraft carrier had its first loss , when a Firefly from 825 Squadron ditched , though both the pilot and observer were recovered . That same month , on 23 August while transiting the St . Lawrence River , Warrior ran aground at Pointe Sainte Antoine , near Montreal while en route to the city after her rudder jammed . Tugboats got the aircraft carrier unstuck from the mud bank she had run into the same day and Warrior continued on to Montreal where she became the largest ship to visit that port to that date . The RCN experienced problems with the unheated equipment during operations in cold North Atlantic waters off eastern Canada during 1946 . The ship was transferred west to Esquimalt , British Columbia in November 1946 , visiting Bermuda , Acapulco , Mexico and San Diego , California before arriving in December . On 18 January 1947 , Commodore Harry DeWolf took command of Warrior while the vessel was undergoing repairs to the damages to her hull that had been received during her August grounding . On 31 January , one 825 Squadrons Fireflys was lost along with its pilot off Portland Island during a training mission . It was during this period , that the RCN , facing reduced defence spending and manning constraints , came to the conclusion that they could not operate two aircraft carriers . Negotiations began to return Warrior when Magnificent became ready , with the RCN deeming Warrior unfit for service due to her lack of heating . In February 1947 , the aircraft carrier began her voyage back to Halifax , accompanied by the cruiser and destroyer . The Canadian group stopped at San Pedro , California before the aircraft carrier transited the Panama Canal by herself , meeting the destroyers and Micmac on the other side . The three Canadian ships visited Havana , Cuba , marking the first time a Canadian warship had visited the Cuban capital since 1929 . Warrior returned to Halifax on 27 March . The ship then sailed for Bermuda with Nootka to take part in a naval exercise with the Royal Navy . Most of mid-1947 was spent undergoing repairs at Halifax and performing short cruises along east coast . In August , Warrior sailed for the United Kingdom where her squadrons would be re-equipped with Firefly Mark IV and Hawker Sea Fury aircraft , returning to Halifax on 28 August . Meanwhile , preparations were being made for the return of Warrior and the acquisition of Magnificent . In November , Magnificents air group consisting of 826 and 883 Squadrons trained aboard Warrior off the coast of Nova Scotia . Following this , Warrior , escorted by the destroyer sailed to Bermuda where the ship was prepared to be paid off . The ship sailed for the UK on 12 February , arriving at Belfast on 20 February . On 1 March the ship moved to Spithead where the aviation fuel was removed . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy on 23 March 1948 at Portsmouth . Royal Navy service . HMCS Warrior returned to the United Kingdom and was recommissioned as HMS Warrior on 23 March 1948 . Warrior was then refitted at Devonport and equipped with a flexible flight deck to test the feasibility of receiving undercarriage-less aircraft ; modified de Havilland Sea Vampire aircraft were used to test the concept , which was successful but not introduced into service . The flexible deck was composed of a rubber sheet supported by air bags . The new deck extended from the bow to the barrier forward of the island and was superimposed on the existing flight deck . Aft of the flexible deck , a light steel ramp was placed over the flight deck rising to in height with a single arrestor wire . The trials lasted from November 1948 to March 1949 and upon completion , Warrior was paid off into the reserve at Portsmouth . Warrior was reactivated in June 1950 and modified to carry troops and aircraft to the Far East during the Korean War , departing in August on the first such mission . In June 1951 , with 16 Parachute Brigade embarked , Warrior sailed to Cyprus in response to a crisis in the Middle East . The ship underwent refit during most of 1952 and 1953 at Devonport Dockyard . The ship was fitted with a new lattice mast and new radars with Type 281Q fitted to the mast and Type 277Q radars installed fore and aft of the island . Identification friend or foe aerials were also installed on the mast . The bridge was enlarged and enclosed . The Fleet Air Arm 811 Squadron in Sea Furys and 825 Squadron in Fireflys were embarked after sea trials . During 1954 Warrior was deployed to the Far East , patrolling off the coast of Korea , following the ceasefire . In September the ship was among those sent to evacuate non-Communist refugees from Haiphong , North Vietnam to Vung Tau , South Vietnam , transporting more than 3,221 people in two voyages , and being awarded a South Vietnamese Presidential Citation . After returning to England another refit was carried out in 1955 at Devonport . This time Warrior received an angled flight deck of 5 degrees for trials . To install the angled deck , portside sponsons were removed , the angled deck installed portside amidships and the deck itself was upgraded to take aircraft up to . Furthermore , the catapult was upgraded to launch 20,000-pound aircraft and the arrester wire system improved to take the same weight of aircraft at . The aircraft carrier also received a mirror landing aid and Type 961 CCA radar . As the only ship in the class to receive the upgrade , it was intended to turn Warrior into a training and trials ship . Following a short period as a training ship , Warrior was dispatched to the Pacific Ocean , where the aircraft carrier took part in Operation Grapple , the first British hydrogen bomb tests , as the headquarters ship embarking a flight of Westland Whirlwind helicopters and Grumman Avenger AS4 aircraft to collect air samples from the tests and ferry them back for examination . After the operation was completed the Avengers were catapulted into the sea as they were contaminated with radioactivity . Considered surplus to requirements by the late 1950s , the Royal Navy decommissioned Warrior in February 1958 and offered her for sale . The return voyage from the Grapple tests was via Argentina , with port visits and demonstrations to the Argentine Navy , to whom the Admiralty was trying to sell her . Argentine Navy service . Warrior was sold to Argentina in 1958 and renamed ARA Independencia on 6 August 1958 . The Argentinian naval ensign was raised on 4 November at Portsmouth and sailed for Argentina on 10 December . Argentine Naval Aviation began air operations from Independencia on 8 June 1959 , even before the vessel was officially commissioned into the fleet . The ship was commissioned into the Argentine Navy on 8 July 1959 . The anti-aircraft armament was initially reduced to twelve 40 mm guns , soon further reduced to eight . In May 1962 the ship was however provided with one quadruple and nine double mountings of that caliber . After all the modifications the displacement of the ship had climbed to while the vessels maximum speed had declined to . The air group , which had a maximum 24 aircraft , was mainly formed from Vought F4U Corsairs , North American SNJ-5Cs Texans and Grumman S2F-1 ( S-2A ) Trackers . Naval Aviation inventory also included Grumman F9F Panther ( the first jet fighters in service with the Argentine Naval Aviation , starting from August 1963 which launched from Independencia ) and TF-9J Cougar jets , although Independencia proved to be unsuitable for operating them . The ship also used the North American T-28 Trojan trainer . After the aircraft carrier entered service in 1969 , Independencia moved to the reserve in 1970 . She was scrapped in 1971 .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "HMS Warrior was a light aircraft carrier which was ordered in 1942 by the British Royal Navy during World War II . Construction was finished in 1945 and upon completion , the aircraft carrier was loaned to the Royal Canadian Navy from 1946 to 1948 as HMCS Warrior . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy in 1948 and entered service with the British . While in service with the Royal Navy , Warrior was modernised twice , including the installation of an angled flight deck in 1956 . In 1948β1949 , the ship was used in aircraft landing experiments",
"title": "HMS Warrior ( R31 )"
},
{
"text": "and fitted with a rubber flight deck and in 1957 , was used as the headquarters ship during nuclear testing at Christmas Island . In 1958 , the vessel was sold to the Argentine Navy and entered Argentine service in 1959 as ARA Independencia . The aircraft carrier remained in service until 1970 when Independencia was placed in reserve . The following year , the ship was sold for scrap .",
"title": "HMS Warrior ( R31 )"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was a Colossus-class light aircraft carrier that was long between perpendiculars and overall with a beam at the waterline of and an overall width of . The ship had a mean draught of . Warrior had a standard displacement of when built and a full load displacement of . The aircraft carrier had a flight deck long that was wide and was above the water . The flight deck tapered to at the bow . For takeoffs , the flight deck was equipped with one BH 3 aircraft catapult capable of launching aircraft at . For landings , the",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "ship was fitted with 10 arrestor wires capable of stopping a aircraft , with two safety barriers rated at stopping a 15,000-pound aircraft at Warrior had two aircraft elevators located along the centreline of the ship that were and could handle aircraft up to 15,000 pounds on a 36-second cycle . The aircraft hangar was with a further section beyond the aft elevator , all with a clearance of . The hangar was divided into four sections by asbestos fire curtains . The hangar was fully enclosed and could only be entered by air locks and the lifts , due",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "to the hazardous nature of aviation fuel and oil vapours . The vessel had stowage for of aviation fuel .",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "The ship was powered by steam created by four Admiralty 3-drum type boilers driving two Parsons geared turbines , each turning one shaft . The machinery was split into two spaces , each containing two boilers and one turbine , separated by spaces containing aviation fuel . The spaces were situated en echelon within the ship to prevent a single disabling torpedo strike . The engines were rated at and the vessel had a capacity for of fuel oil , with an range of at . The ships maximum speed was . There was no armour aboard the vessel save",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "for mantlets around the torpedo storage area . There were no longitudinal bulkheads , but the transverse bulkheads were designed to allow the ship to survive two complete sections of the ship being flooded .",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was designed to handle up to 42 aircraft . The aircraft carrier carried a wide range of ordnance for their aircraft from torpedoes , depth charges , bombs , 20 mm cannon ammunition and flares . For anti-aircraft defence , the aircraft carrier was initially armed with four twin-mounted and twenty single-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns . The original radar installation included the Type 79 and Type 281 long-range air search radars , the Type 293 and Type 277 fighter direction radar and the YE aircraft homing beacon . The ship had a maximum ships company of 1,300 ,",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "which was reduced in peacetime .",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "The contract to construct Warrior was placed on 7 August 1942 . Warrior was built by Harland and Wolff at their yard in Belfast and given the yard number 1224 , originally to be called Brave . Before construction began , the ships name was changed to Warrior and the keel was laid down on 12 December 1942 . The aircraft carrier was launched on 20 May 1944 and was the last of the Colossus class to finish construction . The Royal Navy had originally intended to rush Warrior into service for operations in the Indian Ocean during the Second",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "World War , thus she was built without heaters for some onboard equipment since heat was unnecessary in tropical operations .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "As the focus of future operations at sea during the Second World War shifted to the Pacific theatre , planning began in May 1944 that the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) would require a larger fleet both in numbers and in size of ships . In the effort to get bigger , the RCN returned the escort carriers then on loan , and , in exchange for the loan of two light fleet carriers . A formal approach was first made in July , with negotiations being finalised in April 1945 when Warrior and were acquired on loan with",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "the option to purchase them outright at a later date . Negotiations were completed in May for the naval air squadrons that would be needed to man the aircraft carrier , however the war ended before the ships were completed .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "After the agreement with Canada went through , Canadian naval aviation was established with the formation of four squadrons transferred from the Fleet Air Arm intended to fly from Warrior ; 803 Squadron and 883 Squadron equipped with Supermarine Seafires and 825 Squadron and 826 Squadron with Fairey Fireflys . Warrior was completed , transferred to the RCN and commissioned as HMCS Warrior on 24 January 1946 and placed under the command of Captain Frank Houghton . Sea trials were completed in March and flying trials were performed at Spithead following that . For the voyage to Canada , 803",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "and 825 Squadrons were embarked , while 883 and 826 Squadrons were paid off .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "Warrior entered Halifax harbour on 31 March 1946 , a week after leaving Portsmouth . She was escorted by the destroyer and the minesweeper , having officially joined the Canadian Atlantic Fleet on 23 March . April through May was spent alongside fixing builders defects before the ship began major fleet operations . In August , the aircraft carrier had its first loss , when a Firefly from 825 Squadron ditched , though both the pilot and observer were recovered . That same month , on 23 August while transiting the St . Lawrence River , Warrior ran aground at",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "Pointe Sainte Antoine , near Montreal while en route to the city after her rudder jammed . Tugboats got the aircraft carrier unstuck from the mud bank she had run into the same day and Warrior continued on to Montreal where she became the largest ship to visit that port to that date .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "The RCN experienced problems with the unheated equipment during operations in cold North Atlantic waters off eastern Canada during 1946 . The ship was transferred west to Esquimalt , British Columbia in November 1946 , visiting Bermuda , Acapulco , Mexico and San Diego , California before arriving in December . On 18 January 1947 , Commodore Harry DeWolf took command of Warrior while the vessel was undergoing repairs to the damages to her hull that had been received during her August grounding . On 31 January , one 825 Squadrons Fireflys was lost along with its pilot off Portland",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "Island during a training mission . It was during this period , that the RCN , facing reduced defence spending and manning constraints , came to the conclusion that they could not operate two aircraft carriers . Negotiations began to return Warrior when Magnificent became ready , with the RCN deeming Warrior unfit for service due to her lack of heating . In February 1947 , the aircraft carrier began her voyage back to Halifax , accompanied by the cruiser and destroyer . The Canadian group stopped at San Pedro , California before the aircraft carrier transited the Panama Canal",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "by herself , meeting the destroyers and Micmac on the other side . The three Canadian ships visited Havana , Cuba , marking the first time a Canadian warship had visited the Cuban capital since 1929 . Warrior returned to Halifax on 27 March . The ship then sailed for Bermuda with Nootka to take part in a naval exercise with the Royal Navy . Most of mid-1947 was spent undergoing repairs at Halifax and performing short cruises along east coast . In August , Warrior sailed for the United Kingdom where her squadrons would be re-equipped with Firefly Mark",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "IV and Hawker Sea Fury aircraft , returning to Halifax on 28 August . Meanwhile , preparations were being made for the return of Warrior and the acquisition of Magnificent . In November , Magnificents air group consisting of 826 and 883 Squadrons trained aboard Warrior off the coast of Nova Scotia . Following this , Warrior , escorted by the destroyer sailed to Bermuda where the ship was prepared to be paid off . The ship sailed for the UK on 12 February , arriving at Belfast on 20 February . On 1 March the ship moved to Spithead",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "where the aviation fuel was removed . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy on 23 March 1948 at Portsmouth .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "HMCS Warrior returned to the United Kingdom and was recommissioned as HMS Warrior on 23 March 1948 . Warrior was then refitted at Devonport and equipped with a flexible flight deck to test the feasibility of receiving undercarriage-less aircraft ; modified de Havilland Sea Vampire aircraft were used to test the concept , which was successful but not introduced into service . The flexible deck was composed of a rubber sheet supported by air bags . The new deck extended from the bow to the barrier forward of the island and was superimposed on the existing flight deck . Aft",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "of the flexible deck , a light steel ramp was placed over the flight deck rising to in height with a single arrestor wire . The trials lasted from November 1948 to March 1949 and upon completion , Warrior was paid off into the reserve at Portsmouth .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was reactivated in June 1950 and modified to carry troops and aircraft to the Far East during the Korean War , departing in August on the first such mission . In June 1951 , with 16 Parachute Brigade embarked , Warrior sailed to Cyprus in response to a crisis in the Middle East . The ship underwent refit during most of 1952 and 1953 at Devonport Dockyard . The ship was fitted with a new lattice mast and new radars with Type 281Q fitted to the mast and Type 277Q radars installed fore and aft of the island .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Identification friend or foe aerials were also installed on the mast . The bridge was enlarged and enclosed . The Fleet Air Arm 811 Squadron in Sea Furys and 825 Squadron in Fireflys were embarked after sea trials . During 1954 Warrior was deployed to the Far East , patrolling off the coast of Korea , following the ceasefire . In September the ship was among those sent to evacuate non-Communist refugees from Haiphong , North Vietnam to Vung Tau , South Vietnam , transporting more than 3,221 people in two voyages , and being awarded a South Vietnamese Presidential",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Citation .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "After returning to England another refit was carried out in 1955 at Devonport . This time Warrior received an angled flight deck of 5 degrees for trials . To install the angled deck , portside sponsons were removed , the angled deck installed portside amidships and the deck itself was upgraded to take aircraft up to . Furthermore , the catapult was upgraded to launch 20,000-pound aircraft and the arrester wire system improved to take the same weight of aircraft at . The aircraft carrier also received a mirror landing aid and Type 961 CCA radar . As the only",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "ship in the class to receive the upgrade , it was intended to turn Warrior into a training and trials ship .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Following a short period as a training ship , Warrior was dispatched to the Pacific Ocean , where the aircraft carrier took part in Operation Grapple , the first British hydrogen bomb tests , as the headquarters ship embarking a flight of Westland Whirlwind helicopters and Grumman Avenger AS4 aircraft to collect air samples from the tests and ferry them back for examination . After the operation was completed the Avengers were catapulted into the sea as they were contaminated with radioactivity . Considered surplus to requirements by the late 1950s , the Royal Navy decommissioned Warrior in February 1958",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "and offered her for sale . The return voyage from the Grapple tests was via Argentina , with port visits and demonstrations to the Argentine Navy , to whom the Admiralty was trying to sell her .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was sold to Argentina in 1958 and renamed ARA Independencia on 6 August 1958 . The Argentinian naval ensign was raised on 4 November at Portsmouth and sailed for Argentina on 10 December . Argentine Naval Aviation began air operations from Independencia on 8 June 1959 , even before the vessel was officially commissioned into the fleet . The ship was commissioned into the Argentine Navy on 8 July 1959 . The anti-aircraft armament was initially reduced to twelve 40 mm guns , soon further reduced to eight . In May 1962 the ship was however provided with one",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
},
{
"text": "quadruple and nine double mountings of that caliber . After all the modifications the displacement of the ship had climbed to while the vessels maximum speed had declined to .",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
},
{
"text": "The air group , which had a maximum 24 aircraft , was mainly formed from Vought F4U Corsairs , North American SNJ-5Cs Texans and Grumman S2F-1 ( S-2A ) Trackers . Naval Aviation inventory also included Grumman F9F Panther ( the first jet fighters in service with the Argentine Naval Aviation , starting from August 1963 which launched from Independencia ) and TF-9J Cougar jets , although Independencia proved to be unsuitable for operating them . The ship also used the North American T-28 Trojan trainer . After the aircraft carrier entered service in 1969 , Independencia moved to the",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
},
{
"text": "reserve in 1970 . She was scrapped in 1971 .",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
}
] |
/wiki/HMS_Warrior_(R31)#P8047#1
|
What was the country of registry for HMS Warrior (R31) in early 1950s?
|
HMS Warrior ( R31 ) HMS Warrior was a light aircraft carrier which was ordered in 1942 by the British Royal Navy during World War II . Construction was finished in 1945 and upon completion , the aircraft carrier was loaned to the Royal Canadian Navy from 1946 to 1948 as HMCS Warrior . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy in 1948 and entered service with the British . While in service with the Royal Navy , Warrior was modernised twice , including the installation of an angled flight deck in 1956 . In 1948β1949 , the ship was used in aircraft landing experiments and fitted with a rubber flight deck and in 1957 , was used as the headquarters ship during nuclear testing at Christmas Island . In 1958 , the vessel was sold to the Argentine Navy and entered Argentine service in 1959 as ARA Independencia . The aircraft carrier remained in service until 1970 when Independencia was placed in reserve . The following year , the ship was sold for scrap . Description . Warrior was a Colossus-class light aircraft carrier that was long between perpendiculars and overall with a beam at the waterline of and an overall width of . The ship had a mean draught of . Warrior had a standard displacement of when built and a full load displacement of . The aircraft carrier had a flight deck long that was wide and was above the water . The flight deck tapered to at the bow . For takeoffs , the flight deck was equipped with one BH 3 aircraft catapult capable of launching aircraft at . For landings , the ship was fitted with 10 arrestor wires capable of stopping a aircraft , with two safety barriers rated at stopping a 15,000-pound aircraft at Warrior had two aircraft elevators located along the centreline of the ship that were and could handle aircraft up to 15,000 pounds on a 36-second cycle . The aircraft hangar was with a further section beyond the aft elevator , all with a clearance of . The hangar was divided into four sections by asbestos fire curtains . The hangar was fully enclosed and could only be entered by air locks and the lifts , due to the hazardous nature of aviation fuel and oil vapours . The vessel had stowage for of aviation fuel . The ship was powered by steam created by four Admiralty 3-drum type boilers driving two Parsons geared turbines , each turning one shaft . The machinery was split into two spaces , each containing two boilers and one turbine , separated by spaces containing aviation fuel . The spaces were situated en echelon within the ship to prevent a single disabling torpedo strike . The engines were rated at and the vessel had a capacity for of fuel oil , with an range of at . The ships maximum speed was . There was no armour aboard the vessel save for mantlets around the torpedo storage area . There were no longitudinal bulkheads , but the transverse bulkheads were designed to allow the ship to survive two complete sections of the ship being flooded . Warrior was designed to handle up to 42 aircraft . The aircraft carrier carried a wide range of ordnance for their aircraft from torpedoes , depth charges , bombs , 20 mm cannon ammunition and flares . For anti-aircraft defence , the aircraft carrier was initially armed with four twin-mounted and twenty single-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns . The original radar installation included the Type 79 and Type 281 long-range air search radars , the Type 293 and Type 277 fighter direction radar and the YE aircraft homing beacon . The ship had a maximum ships company of 1,300 , which was reduced in peacetime . Construction and career . The contract to construct Warrior was placed on 7 August 1942 . Warrior was built by Harland and Wolff at their yard in Belfast and given the yard number 1224 , originally to be called Brave . Before construction began , the ships name was changed to Warrior and the keel was laid down on 12 December 1942 . The aircraft carrier was launched on 20 May 1944 and was the last of the Colossus class to finish construction . The Royal Navy had originally intended to rush Warrior into service for operations in the Indian Ocean during the Second World War , thus she was built without heaters for some onboard equipment since heat was unnecessary in tropical operations . Royal Canadian Navy service . As the focus of future operations at sea during the Second World War shifted to the Pacific theatre , planning began in May 1944 that the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) would require a larger fleet both in numbers and in size of ships . In the effort to get bigger , the RCN returned the escort carriers then on loan , and , in exchange for the loan of two light fleet carriers . A formal approach was first made in July , with negotiations being finalised in April 1945 when Warrior and were acquired on loan with the option to purchase them outright at a later date . Negotiations were completed in May for the naval air squadrons that would be needed to man the aircraft carrier , however the war ended before the ships were completed . After the agreement with Canada went through , Canadian naval aviation was established with the formation of four squadrons transferred from the Fleet Air Arm intended to fly from Warrior ; 803 Squadron and 883 Squadron equipped with Supermarine Seafires and 825 Squadron and 826 Squadron with Fairey Fireflys . Warrior was completed , transferred to the RCN and commissioned as HMCS Warrior on 24 January 1946 and placed under the command of Captain Frank Houghton . Sea trials were completed in March and flying trials were performed at Spithead following that . For the voyage to Canada , 803 and 825 Squadrons were embarked , while 883 and 826 Squadrons were paid off . Warrior entered Halifax harbour on 31 March 1946 , a week after leaving Portsmouth . She was escorted by the destroyer and the minesweeper , having officially joined the Canadian Atlantic Fleet on 23 March . April through May was spent alongside fixing builders defects before the ship began major fleet operations . In August , the aircraft carrier had its first loss , when a Firefly from 825 Squadron ditched , though both the pilot and observer were recovered . That same month , on 23 August while transiting the St . Lawrence River , Warrior ran aground at Pointe Sainte Antoine , near Montreal while en route to the city after her rudder jammed . Tugboats got the aircraft carrier unstuck from the mud bank she had run into the same day and Warrior continued on to Montreal where she became the largest ship to visit that port to that date . The RCN experienced problems with the unheated equipment during operations in cold North Atlantic waters off eastern Canada during 1946 . The ship was transferred west to Esquimalt , British Columbia in November 1946 , visiting Bermuda , Acapulco , Mexico and San Diego , California before arriving in December . On 18 January 1947 , Commodore Harry DeWolf took command of Warrior while the vessel was undergoing repairs to the damages to her hull that had been received during her August grounding . On 31 January , one 825 Squadrons Fireflys was lost along with its pilot off Portland Island during a training mission . It was during this period , that the RCN , facing reduced defence spending and manning constraints , came to the conclusion that they could not operate two aircraft carriers . Negotiations began to return Warrior when Magnificent became ready , with the RCN deeming Warrior unfit for service due to her lack of heating . In February 1947 , the aircraft carrier began her voyage back to Halifax , accompanied by the cruiser and destroyer . The Canadian group stopped at San Pedro , California before the aircraft carrier transited the Panama Canal by herself , meeting the destroyers and Micmac on the other side . The three Canadian ships visited Havana , Cuba , marking the first time a Canadian warship had visited the Cuban capital since 1929 . Warrior returned to Halifax on 27 March . The ship then sailed for Bermuda with Nootka to take part in a naval exercise with the Royal Navy . Most of mid-1947 was spent undergoing repairs at Halifax and performing short cruises along east coast . In August , Warrior sailed for the United Kingdom where her squadrons would be re-equipped with Firefly Mark IV and Hawker Sea Fury aircraft , returning to Halifax on 28 August . Meanwhile , preparations were being made for the return of Warrior and the acquisition of Magnificent . In November , Magnificents air group consisting of 826 and 883 Squadrons trained aboard Warrior off the coast of Nova Scotia . Following this , Warrior , escorted by the destroyer sailed to Bermuda where the ship was prepared to be paid off . The ship sailed for the UK on 12 February , arriving at Belfast on 20 February . On 1 March the ship moved to Spithead where the aviation fuel was removed . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy on 23 March 1948 at Portsmouth . Royal Navy service . HMCS Warrior returned to the United Kingdom and was recommissioned as HMS Warrior on 23 March 1948 . Warrior was then refitted at Devonport and equipped with a flexible flight deck to test the feasibility of receiving undercarriage-less aircraft ; modified de Havilland Sea Vampire aircraft were used to test the concept , which was successful but not introduced into service . The flexible deck was composed of a rubber sheet supported by air bags . The new deck extended from the bow to the barrier forward of the island and was superimposed on the existing flight deck . Aft of the flexible deck , a light steel ramp was placed over the flight deck rising to in height with a single arrestor wire . The trials lasted from November 1948 to March 1949 and upon completion , Warrior was paid off into the reserve at Portsmouth . Warrior was reactivated in June 1950 and modified to carry troops and aircraft to the Far East during the Korean War , departing in August on the first such mission . In June 1951 , with 16 Parachute Brigade embarked , Warrior sailed to Cyprus in response to a crisis in the Middle East . The ship underwent refit during most of 1952 and 1953 at Devonport Dockyard . The ship was fitted with a new lattice mast and new radars with Type 281Q fitted to the mast and Type 277Q radars installed fore and aft of the island . Identification friend or foe aerials were also installed on the mast . The bridge was enlarged and enclosed . The Fleet Air Arm 811 Squadron in Sea Furys and 825 Squadron in Fireflys were embarked after sea trials . During 1954 Warrior was deployed to the Far East , patrolling off the coast of Korea , following the ceasefire . In September the ship was among those sent to evacuate non-Communist refugees from Haiphong , North Vietnam to Vung Tau , South Vietnam , transporting more than 3,221 people in two voyages , and being awarded a South Vietnamese Presidential Citation . After returning to England another refit was carried out in 1955 at Devonport . This time Warrior received an angled flight deck of 5 degrees for trials . To install the angled deck , portside sponsons were removed , the angled deck installed portside amidships and the deck itself was upgraded to take aircraft up to . Furthermore , the catapult was upgraded to launch 20,000-pound aircraft and the arrester wire system improved to take the same weight of aircraft at . The aircraft carrier also received a mirror landing aid and Type 961 CCA radar . As the only ship in the class to receive the upgrade , it was intended to turn Warrior into a training and trials ship . Following a short period as a training ship , Warrior was dispatched to the Pacific Ocean , where the aircraft carrier took part in Operation Grapple , the first British hydrogen bomb tests , as the headquarters ship embarking a flight of Westland Whirlwind helicopters and Grumman Avenger AS4 aircraft to collect air samples from the tests and ferry them back for examination . After the operation was completed the Avengers were catapulted into the sea as they were contaminated with radioactivity . Considered surplus to requirements by the late 1950s , the Royal Navy decommissioned Warrior in February 1958 and offered her for sale . The return voyage from the Grapple tests was via Argentina , with port visits and demonstrations to the Argentine Navy , to whom the Admiralty was trying to sell her . Argentine Navy service . Warrior was sold to Argentina in 1958 and renamed ARA Independencia on 6 August 1958 . The Argentinian naval ensign was raised on 4 November at Portsmouth and sailed for Argentina on 10 December . Argentine Naval Aviation began air operations from Independencia on 8 June 1959 , even before the vessel was officially commissioned into the fleet . The ship was commissioned into the Argentine Navy on 8 July 1959 . The anti-aircraft armament was initially reduced to twelve 40 mm guns , soon further reduced to eight . In May 1962 the ship was however provided with one quadruple and nine double mountings of that caliber . After all the modifications the displacement of the ship had climbed to while the vessels maximum speed had declined to . The air group , which had a maximum 24 aircraft , was mainly formed from Vought F4U Corsairs , North American SNJ-5Cs Texans and Grumman S2F-1 ( S-2A ) Trackers . Naval Aviation inventory also included Grumman F9F Panther ( the first jet fighters in service with the Argentine Naval Aviation , starting from August 1963 which launched from Independencia ) and TF-9J Cougar jets , although Independencia proved to be unsuitable for operating them . The ship also used the North American T-28 Trojan trainer . After the aircraft carrier entered service in 1969 , Independencia moved to the reserve in 1970 . She was scrapped in 1971 .
|
[
"United Kingdom"
] |
[
{
"text": "HMS Warrior was a light aircraft carrier which was ordered in 1942 by the British Royal Navy during World War II . Construction was finished in 1945 and upon completion , the aircraft carrier was loaned to the Royal Canadian Navy from 1946 to 1948 as HMCS Warrior . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy in 1948 and entered service with the British . While in service with the Royal Navy , Warrior was modernised twice , including the installation of an angled flight deck in 1956 . In 1948β1949 , the ship was used in aircraft landing experiments",
"title": "HMS Warrior ( R31 )"
},
{
"text": "and fitted with a rubber flight deck and in 1957 , was used as the headquarters ship during nuclear testing at Christmas Island . In 1958 , the vessel was sold to the Argentine Navy and entered Argentine service in 1959 as ARA Independencia . The aircraft carrier remained in service until 1970 when Independencia was placed in reserve . The following year , the ship was sold for scrap .",
"title": "HMS Warrior ( R31 )"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was a Colossus-class light aircraft carrier that was long between perpendiculars and overall with a beam at the waterline of and an overall width of . The ship had a mean draught of . Warrior had a standard displacement of when built and a full load displacement of . The aircraft carrier had a flight deck long that was wide and was above the water . The flight deck tapered to at the bow . For takeoffs , the flight deck was equipped with one BH 3 aircraft catapult capable of launching aircraft at . For landings , the",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "ship was fitted with 10 arrestor wires capable of stopping a aircraft , with two safety barriers rated at stopping a 15,000-pound aircraft at Warrior had two aircraft elevators located along the centreline of the ship that were and could handle aircraft up to 15,000 pounds on a 36-second cycle . The aircraft hangar was with a further section beyond the aft elevator , all with a clearance of . The hangar was divided into four sections by asbestos fire curtains . The hangar was fully enclosed and could only be entered by air locks and the lifts , due",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "to the hazardous nature of aviation fuel and oil vapours . The vessel had stowage for of aviation fuel .",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "The ship was powered by steam created by four Admiralty 3-drum type boilers driving two Parsons geared turbines , each turning one shaft . The machinery was split into two spaces , each containing two boilers and one turbine , separated by spaces containing aviation fuel . The spaces were situated en echelon within the ship to prevent a single disabling torpedo strike . The engines were rated at and the vessel had a capacity for of fuel oil , with an range of at . The ships maximum speed was . There was no armour aboard the vessel save",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "for mantlets around the torpedo storage area . There were no longitudinal bulkheads , but the transverse bulkheads were designed to allow the ship to survive two complete sections of the ship being flooded .",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was designed to handle up to 42 aircraft . The aircraft carrier carried a wide range of ordnance for their aircraft from torpedoes , depth charges , bombs , 20 mm cannon ammunition and flares . For anti-aircraft defence , the aircraft carrier was initially armed with four twin-mounted and twenty single-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns . The original radar installation included the Type 79 and Type 281 long-range air search radars , the Type 293 and Type 277 fighter direction radar and the YE aircraft homing beacon . The ship had a maximum ships company of 1,300 ,",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "which was reduced in peacetime .",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "The contract to construct Warrior was placed on 7 August 1942 . Warrior was built by Harland and Wolff at their yard in Belfast and given the yard number 1224 , originally to be called Brave . Before construction began , the ships name was changed to Warrior and the keel was laid down on 12 December 1942 . The aircraft carrier was launched on 20 May 1944 and was the last of the Colossus class to finish construction . The Royal Navy had originally intended to rush Warrior into service for operations in the Indian Ocean during the Second",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "World War , thus she was built without heaters for some onboard equipment since heat was unnecessary in tropical operations .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "As the focus of future operations at sea during the Second World War shifted to the Pacific theatre , planning began in May 1944 that the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) would require a larger fleet both in numbers and in size of ships . In the effort to get bigger , the RCN returned the escort carriers then on loan , and , in exchange for the loan of two light fleet carriers . A formal approach was first made in July , with negotiations being finalised in April 1945 when Warrior and were acquired on loan with",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "the option to purchase them outright at a later date . Negotiations were completed in May for the naval air squadrons that would be needed to man the aircraft carrier , however the war ended before the ships were completed .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "After the agreement with Canada went through , Canadian naval aviation was established with the formation of four squadrons transferred from the Fleet Air Arm intended to fly from Warrior ; 803 Squadron and 883 Squadron equipped with Supermarine Seafires and 825 Squadron and 826 Squadron with Fairey Fireflys . Warrior was completed , transferred to the RCN and commissioned as HMCS Warrior on 24 January 1946 and placed under the command of Captain Frank Houghton . Sea trials were completed in March and flying trials were performed at Spithead following that . For the voyage to Canada , 803",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "and 825 Squadrons were embarked , while 883 and 826 Squadrons were paid off .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "Warrior entered Halifax harbour on 31 March 1946 , a week after leaving Portsmouth . She was escorted by the destroyer and the minesweeper , having officially joined the Canadian Atlantic Fleet on 23 March . April through May was spent alongside fixing builders defects before the ship began major fleet operations . In August , the aircraft carrier had its first loss , when a Firefly from 825 Squadron ditched , though both the pilot and observer were recovered . That same month , on 23 August while transiting the St . Lawrence River , Warrior ran aground at",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "Pointe Sainte Antoine , near Montreal while en route to the city after her rudder jammed . Tugboats got the aircraft carrier unstuck from the mud bank she had run into the same day and Warrior continued on to Montreal where she became the largest ship to visit that port to that date .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "The RCN experienced problems with the unheated equipment during operations in cold North Atlantic waters off eastern Canada during 1946 . The ship was transferred west to Esquimalt , British Columbia in November 1946 , visiting Bermuda , Acapulco , Mexico and San Diego , California before arriving in December . On 18 January 1947 , Commodore Harry DeWolf took command of Warrior while the vessel was undergoing repairs to the damages to her hull that had been received during her August grounding . On 31 January , one 825 Squadrons Fireflys was lost along with its pilot off Portland",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "Island during a training mission . It was during this period , that the RCN , facing reduced defence spending and manning constraints , came to the conclusion that they could not operate two aircraft carriers . Negotiations began to return Warrior when Magnificent became ready , with the RCN deeming Warrior unfit for service due to her lack of heating . In February 1947 , the aircraft carrier began her voyage back to Halifax , accompanied by the cruiser and destroyer . The Canadian group stopped at San Pedro , California before the aircraft carrier transited the Panama Canal",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "by herself , meeting the destroyers and Micmac on the other side . The three Canadian ships visited Havana , Cuba , marking the first time a Canadian warship had visited the Cuban capital since 1929 . Warrior returned to Halifax on 27 March . The ship then sailed for Bermuda with Nootka to take part in a naval exercise with the Royal Navy . Most of mid-1947 was spent undergoing repairs at Halifax and performing short cruises along east coast . In August , Warrior sailed for the United Kingdom where her squadrons would be re-equipped with Firefly Mark",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "IV and Hawker Sea Fury aircraft , returning to Halifax on 28 August . Meanwhile , preparations were being made for the return of Warrior and the acquisition of Magnificent . In November , Magnificents air group consisting of 826 and 883 Squadrons trained aboard Warrior off the coast of Nova Scotia . Following this , Warrior , escorted by the destroyer sailed to Bermuda where the ship was prepared to be paid off . The ship sailed for the UK on 12 February , arriving at Belfast on 20 February . On 1 March the ship moved to Spithead",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "where the aviation fuel was removed . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy on 23 March 1948 at Portsmouth .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "HMCS Warrior returned to the United Kingdom and was recommissioned as HMS Warrior on 23 March 1948 . Warrior was then refitted at Devonport and equipped with a flexible flight deck to test the feasibility of receiving undercarriage-less aircraft ; modified de Havilland Sea Vampire aircraft were used to test the concept , which was successful but not introduced into service . The flexible deck was composed of a rubber sheet supported by air bags . The new deck extended from the bow to the barrier forward of the island and was superimposed on the existing flight deck . Aft",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "of the flexible deck , a light steel ramp was placed over the flight deck rising to in height with a single arrestor wire . The trials lasted from November 1948 to March 1949 and upon completion , Warrior was paid off into the reserve at Portsmouth .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was reactivated in June 1950 and modified to carry troops and aircraft to the Far East during the Korean War , departing in August on the first such mission . In June 1951 , with 16 Parachute Brigade embarked , Warrior sailed to Cyprus in response to a crisis in the Middle East . The ship underwent refit during most of 1952 and 1953 at Devonport Dockyard . The ship was fitted with a new lattice mast and new radars with Type 281Q fitted to the mast and Type 277Q radars installed fore and aft of the island .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Identification friend or foe aerials were also installed on the mast . The bridge was enlarged and enclosed . The Fleet Air Arm 811 Squadron in Sea Furys and 825 Squadron in Fireflys were embarked after sea trials . During 1954 Warrior was deployed to the Far East , patrolling off the coast of Korea , following the ceasefire . In September the ship was among those sent to evacuate non-Communist refugees from Haiphong , North Vietnam to Vung Tau , South Vietnam , transporting more than 3,221 people in two voyages , and being awarded a South Vietnamese Presidential",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Citation .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "After returning to England another refit was carried out in 1955 at Devonport . This time Warrior received an angled flight deck of 5 degrees for trials . To install the angled deck , portside sponsons were removed , the angled deck installed portside amidships and the deck itself was upgraded to take aircraft up to . Furthermore , the catapult was upgraded to launch 20,000-pound aircraft and the arrester wire system improved to take the same weight of aircraft at . The aircraft carrier also received a mirror landing aid and Type 961 CCA radar . As the only",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "ship in the class to receive the upgrade , it was intended to turn Warrior into a training and trials ship .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Following a short period as a training ship , Warrior was dispatched to the Pacific Ocean , where the aircraft carrier took part in Operation Grapple , the first British hydrogen bomb tests , as the headquarters ship embarking a flight of Westland Whirlwind helicopters and Grumman Avenger AS4 aircraft to collect air samples from the tests and ferry them back for examination . After the operation was completed the Avengers were catapulted into the sea as they were contaminated with radioactivity . Considered surplus to requirements by the late 1950s , the Royal Navy decommissioned Warrior in February 1958",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "and offered her for sale . The return voyage from the Grapple tests was via Argentina , with port visits and demonstrations to the Argentine Navy , to whom the Admiralty was trying to sell her .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was sold to Argentina in 1958 and renamed ARA Independencia on 6 August 1958 . The Argentinian naval ensign was raised on 4 November at Portsmouth and sailed for Argentina on 10 December . Argentine Naval Aviation began air operations from Independencia on 8 June 1959 , even before the vessel was officially commissioned into the fleet . The ship was commissioned into the Argentine Navy on 8 July 1959 . The anti-aircraft armament was initially reduced to twelve 40 mm guns , soon further reduced to eight . In May 1962 the ship was however provided with one",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
},
{
"text": "quadruple and nine double mountings of that caliber . After all the modifications the displacement of the ship had climbed to while the vessels maximum speed had declined to .",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
},
{
"text": "The air group , which had a maximum 24 aircraft , was mainly formed from Vought F4U Corsairs , North American SNJ-5Cs Texans and Grumman S2F-1 ( S-2A ) Trackers . Naval Aviation inventory also included Grumman F9F Panther ( the first jet fighters in service with the Argentine Naval Aviation , starting from August 1963 which launched from Independencia ) and TF-9J Cougar jets , although Independencia proved to be unsuitable for operating them . The ship also used the North American T-28 Trojan trainer . After the aircraft carrier entered service in 1969 , Independencia moved to the",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
},
{
"text": "reserve in 1970 . She was scrapped in 1971 .",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
}
] |
/wiki/HMS_Warrior_(R31)#P8047#2
|
What was the country of registry for HMS Warrior (R31) after Sep 1964?
|
HMS Warrior ( R31 ) HMS Warrior was a light aircraft carrier which was ordered in 1942 by the British Royal Navy during World War II . Construction was finished in 1945 and upon completion , the aircraft carrier was loaned to the Royal Canadian Navy from 1946 to 1948 as HMCS Warrior . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy in 1948 and entered service with the British . While in service with the Royal Navy , Warrior was modernised twice , including the installation of an angled flight deck in 1956 . In 1948β1949 , the ship was used in aircraft landing experiments and fitted with a rubber flight deck and in 1957 , was used as the headquarters ship during nuclear testing at Christmas Island . In 1958 , the vessel was sold to the Argentine Navy and entered Argentine service in 1959 as ARA Independencia . The aircraft carrier remained in service until 1970 when Independencia was placed in reserve . The following year , the ship was sold for scrap . Description . Warrior was a Colossus-class light aircraft carrier that was long between perpendiculars and overall with a beam at the waterline of and an overall width of . The ship had a mean draught of . Warrior had a standard displacement of when built and a full load displacement of . The aircraft carrier had a flight deck long that was wide and was above the water . The flight deck tapered to at the bow . For takeoffs , the flight deck was equipped with one BH 3 aircraft catapult capable of launching aircraft at . For landings , the ship was fitted with 10 arrestor wires capable of stopping a aircraft , with two safety barriers rated at stopping a 15,000-pound aircraft at Warrior had two aircraft elevators located along the centreline of the ship that were and could handle aircraft up to 15,000 pounds on a 36-second cycle . The aircraft hangar was with a further section beyond the aft elevator , all with a clearance of . The hangar was divided into four sections by asbestos fire curtains . The hangar was fully enclosed and could only be entered by air locks and the lifts , due to the hazardous nature of aviation fuel and oil vapours . The vessel had stowage for of aviation fuel . The ship was powered by steam created by four Admiralty 3-drum type boilers driving two Parsons geared turbines , each turning one shaft . The machinery was split into two spaces , each containing two boilers and one turbine , separated by spaces containing aviation fuel . The spaces were situated en echelon within the ship to prevent a single disabling torpedo strike . The engines were rated at and the vessel had a capacity for of fuel oil , with an range of at . The ships maximum speed was . There was no armour aboard the vessel save for mantlets around the torpedo storage area . There were no longitudinal bulkheads , but the transverse bulkheads were designed to allow the ship to survive two complete sections of the ship being flooded . Warrior was designed to handle up to 42 aircraft . The aircraft carrier carried a wide range of ordnance for their aircraft from torpedoes , depth charges , bombs , 20 mm cannon ammunition and flares . For anti-aircraft defence , the aircraft carrier was initially armed with four twin-mounted and twenty single-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns . The original radar installation included the Type 79 and Type 281 long-range air search radars , the Type 293 and Type 277 fighter direction radar and the YE aircraft homing beacon . The ship had a maximum ships company of 1,300 , which was reduced in peacetime . Construction and career . The contract to construct Warrior was placed on 7 August 1942 . Warrior was built by Harland and Wolff at their yard in Belfast and given the yard number 1224 , originally to be called Brave . Before construction began , the ships name was changed to Warrior and the keel was laid down on 12 December 1942 . The aircraft carrier was launched on 20 May 1944 and was the last of the Colossus class to finish construction . The Royal Navy had originally intended to rush Warrior into service for operations in the Indian Ocean during the Second World War , thus she was built without heaters for some onboard equipment since heat was unnecessary in tropical operations . Royal Canadian Navy service . As the focus of future operations at sea during the Second World War shifted to the Pacific theatre , planning began in May 1944 that the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) would require a larger fleet both in numbers and in size of ships . In the effort to get bigger , the RCN returned the escort carriers then on loan , and , in exchange for the loan of two light fleet carriers . A formal approach was first made in July , with negotiations being finalised in April 1945 when Warrior and were acquired on loan with the option to purchase them outright at a later date . Negotiations were completed in May for the naval air squadrons that would be needed to man the aircraft carrier , however the war ended before the ships were completed . After the agreement with Canada went through , Canadian naval aviation was established with the formation of four squadrons transferred from the Fleet Air Arm intended to fly from Warrior ; 803 Squadron and 883 Squadron equipped with Supermarine Seafires and 825 Squadron and 826 Squadron with Fairey Fireflys . Warrior was completed , transferred to the RCN and commissioned as HMCS Warrior on 24 January 1946 and placed under the command of Captain Frank Houghton . Sea trials were completed in March and flying trials were performed at Spithead following that . For the voyage to Canada , 803 and 825 Squadrons were embarked , while 883 and 826 Squadrons were paid off . Warrior entered Halifax harbour on 31 March 1946 , a week after leaving Portsmouth . She was escorted by the destroyer and the minesweeper , having officially joined the Canadian Atlantic Fleet on 23 March . April through May was spent alongside fixing builders defects before the ship began major fleet operations . In August , the aircraft carrier had its first loss , when a Firefly from 825 Squadron ditched , though both the pilot and observer were recovered . That same month , on 23 August while transiting the St . Lawrence River , Warrior ran aground at Pointe Sainte Antoine , near Montreal while en route to the city after her rudder jammed . Tugboats got the aircraft carrier unstuck from the mud bank she had run into the same day and Warrior continued on to Montreal where she became the largest ship to visit that port to that date . The RCN experienced problems with the unheated equipment during operations in cold North Atlantic waters off eastern Canada during 1946 . The ship was transferred west to Esquimalt , British Columbia in November 1946 , visiting Bermuda , Acapulco , Mexico and San Diego , California before arriving in December . On 18 January 1947 , Commodore Harry DeWolf took command of Warrior while the vessel was undergoing repairs to the damages to her hull that had been received during her August grounding . On 31 January , one 825 Squadrons Fireflys was lost along with its pilot off Portland Island during a training mission . It was during this period , that the RCN , facing reduced defence spending and manning constraints , came to the conclusion that they could not operate two aircraft carriers . Negotiations began to return Warrior when Magnificent became ready , with the RCN deeming Warrior unfit for service due to her lack of heating . In February 1947 , the aircraft carrier began her voyage back to Halifax , accompanied by the cruiser and destroyer . The Canadian group stopped at San Pedro , California before the aircraft carrier transited the Panama Canal by herself , meeting the destroyers and Micmac on the other side . The three Canadian ships visited Havana , Cuba , marking the first time a Canadian warship had visited the Cuban capital since 1929 . Warrior returned to Halifax on 27 March . The ship then sailed for Bermuda with Nootka to take part in a naval exercise with the Royal Navy . Most of mid-1947 was spent undergoing repairs at Halifax and performing short cruises along east coast . In August , Warrior sailed for the United Kingdom where her squadrons would be re-equipped with Firefly Mark IV and Hawker Sea Fury aircraft , returning to Halifax on 28 August . Meanwhile , preparations were being made for the return of Warrior and the acquisition of Magnificent . In November , Magnificents air group consisting of 826 and 883 Squadrons trained aboard Warrior off the coast of Nova Scotia . Following this , Warrior , escorted by the destroyer sailed to Bermuda where the ship was prepared to be paid off . The ship sailed for the UK on 12 February , arriving at Belfast on 20 February . On 1 March the ship moved to Spithead where the aviation fuel was removed . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy on 23 March 1948 at Portsmouth . Royal Navy service . HMCS Warrior returned to the United Kingdom and was recommissioned as HMS Warrior on 23 March 1948 . Warrior was then refitted at Devonport and equipped with a flexible flight deck to test the feasibility of receiving undercarriage-less aircraft ; modified de Havilland Sea Vampire aircraft were used to test the concept , which was successful but not introduced into service . The flexible deck was composed of a rubber sheet supported by air bags . The new deck extended from the bow to the barrier forward of the island and was superimposed on the existing flight deck . Aft of the flexible deck , a light steel ramp was placed over the flight deck rising to in height with a single arrestor wire . The trials lasted from November 1948 to March 1949 and upon completion , Warrior was paid off into the reserve at Portsmouth . Warrior was reactivated in June 1950 and modified to carry troops and aircraft to the Far East during the Korean War , departing in August on the first such mission . In June 1951 , with 16 Parachute Brigade embarked , Warrior sailed to Cyprus in response to a crisis in the Middle East . The ship underwent refit during most of 1952 and 1953 at Devonport Dockyard . The ship was fitted with a new lattice mast and new radars with Type 281Q fitted to the mast and Type 277Q radars installed fore and aft of the island . Identification friend or foe aerials were also installed on the mast . The bridge was enlarged and enclosed . The Fleet Air Arm 811 Squadron in Sea Furys and 825 Squadron in Fireflys were embarked after sea trials . During 1954 Warrior was deployed to the Far East , patrolling off the coast of Korea , following the ceasefire . In September the ship was among those sent to evacuate non-Communist refugees from Haiphong , North Vietnam to Vung Tau , South Vietnam , transporting more than 3,221 people in two voyages , and being awarded a South Vietnamese Presidential Citation . After returning to England another refit was carried out in 1955 at Devonport . This time Warrior received an angled flight deck of 5 degrees for trials . To install the angled deck , portside sponsons were removed , the angled deck installed portside amidships and the deck itself was upgraded to take aircraft up to . Furthermore , the catapult was upgraded to launch 20,000-pound aircraft and the arrester wire system improved to take the same weight of aircraft at . The aircraft carrier also received a mirror landing aid and Type 961 CCA radar . As the only ship in the class to receive the upgrade , it was intended to turn Warrior into a training and trials ship . Following a short period as a training ship , Warrior was dispatched to the Pacific Ocean , where the aircraft carrier took part in Operation Grapple , the first British hydrogen bomb tests , as the headquarters ship embarking a flight of Westland Whirlwind helicopters and Grumman Avenger AS4 aircraft to collect air samples from the tests and ferry them back for examination . After the operation was completed the Avengers were catapulted into the sea as they were contaminated with radioactivity . Considered surplus to requirements by the late 1950s , the Royal Navy decommissioned Warrior in February 1958 and offered her for sale . The return voyage from the Grapple tests was via Argentina , with port visits and demonstrations to the Argentine Navy , to whom the Admiralty was trying to sell her . Argentine Navy service . Warrior was sold to Argentina in 1958 and renamed ARA Independencia on 6 August 1958 . The Argentinian naval ensign was raised on 4 November at Portsmouth and sailed for Argentina on 10 December . Argentine Naval Aviation began air operations from Independencia on 8 June 1959 , even before the vessel was officially commissioned into the fleet . The ship was commissioned into the Argentine Navy on 8 July 1959 . The anti-aircraft armament was initially reduced to twelve 40 mm guns , soon further reduced to eight . In May 1962 the ship was however provided with one quadruple and nine double mountings of that caliber . After all the modifications the displacement of the ship had climbed to while the vessels maximum speed had declined to . The air group , which had a maximum 24 aircraft , was mainly formed from Vought F4U Corsairs , North American SNJ-5Cs Texans and Grumman S2F-1 ( S-2A ) Trackers . Naval Aviation inventory also included Grumman F9F Panther ( the first jet fighters in service with the Argentine Naval Aviation , starting from August 1963 which launched from Independencia ) and TF-9J Cougar jets , although Independencia proved to be unsuitable for operating them . The ship also used the North American T-28 Trojan trainer . After the aircraft carrier entered service in 1969 , Independencia moved to the reserve in 1970 . She was scrapped in 1971 .
|
[
"Argentina"
] |
[
{
"text": "HMS Warrior was a light aircraft carrier which was ordered in 1942 by the British Royal Navy during World War II . Construction was finished in 1945 and upon completion , the aircraft carrier was loaned to the Royal Canadian Navy from 1946 to 1948 as HMCS Warrior . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy in 1948 and entered service with the British . While in service with the Royal Navy , Warrior was modernised twice , including the installation of an angled flight deck in 1956 . In 1948β1949 , the ship was used in aircraft landing experiments",
"title": "HMS Warrior ( R31 )"
},
{
"text": "and fitted with a rubber flight deck and in 1957 , was used as the headquarters ship during nuclear testing at Christmas Island . In 1958 , the vessel was sold to the Argentine Navy and entered Argentine service in 1959 as ARA Independencia . The aircraft carrier remained in service until 1970 when Independencia was placed in reserve . The following year , the ship was sold for scrap .",
"title": "HMS Warrior ( R31 )"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was a Colossus-class light aircraft carrier that was long between perpendiculars and overall with a beam at the waterline of and an overall width of . The ship had a mean draught of . Warrior had a standard displacement of when built and a full load displacement of . The aircraft carrier had a flight deck long that was wide and was above the water . The flight deck tapered to at the bow . For takeoffs , the flight deck was equipped with one BH 3 aircraft catapult capable of launching aircraft at . For landings , the",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "ship was fitted with 10 arrestor wires capable of stopping a aircraft , with two safety barriers rated at stopping a 15,000-pound aircraft at Warrior had two aircraft elevators located along the centreline of the ship that were and could handle aircraft up to 15,000 pounds on a 36-second cycle . The aircraft hangar was with a further section beyond the aft elevator , all with a clearance of . The hangar was divided into four sections by asbestos fire curtains . The hangar was fully enclosed and could only be entered by air locks and the lifts , due",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "to the hazardous nature of aviation fuel and oil vapours . The vessel had stowage for of aviation fuel .",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "The ship was powered by steam created by four Admiralty 3-drum type boilers driving two Parsons geared turbines , each turning one shaft . The machinery was split into two spaces , each containing two boilers and one turbine , separated by spaces containing aviation fuel . The spaces were situated en echelon within the ship to prevent a single disabling torpedo strike . The engines were rated at and the vessel had a capacity for of fuel oil , with an range of at . The ships maximum speed was . There was no armour aboard the vessel save",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "for mantlets around the torpedo storage area . There were no longitudinal bulkheads , but the transverse bulkheads were designed to allow the ship to survive two complete sections of the ship being flooded .",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was designed to handle up to 42 aircraft . The aircraft carrier carried a wide range of ordnance for their aircraft from torpedoes , depth charges , bombs , 20 mm cannon ammunition and flares . For anti-aircraft defence , the aircraft carrier was initially armed with four twin-mounted and twenty single-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns . The original radar installation included the Type 79 and Type 281 long-range air search radars , the Type 293 and Type 277 fighter direction radar and the YE aircraft homing beacon . The ship had a maximum ships company of 1,300 ,",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "which was reduced in peacetime .",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"text": "The contract to construct Warrior was placed on 7 August 1942 . Warrior was built by Harland and Wolff at their yard in Belfast and given the yard number 1224 , originally to be called Brave . Before construction began , the ships name was changed to Warrior and the keel was laid down on 12 December 1942 . The aircraft carrier was launched on 20 May 1944 and was the last of the Colossus class to finish construction . The Royal Navy had originally intended to rush Warrior into service for operations in the Indian Ocean during the Second",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "World War , thus she was built without heaters for some onboard equipment since heat was unnecessary in tropical operations .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "As the focus of future operations at sea during the Second World War shifted to the Pacific theatre , planning began in May 1944 that the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) would require a larger fleet both in numbers and in size of ships . In the effort to get bigger , the RCN returned the escort carriers then on loan , and , in exchange for the loan of two light fleet carriers . A formal approach was first made in July , with negotiations being finalised in April 1945 when Warrior and were acquired on loan with",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "the option to purchase them outright at a later date . Negotiations were completed in May for the naval air squadrons that would be needed to man the aircraft carrier , however the war ended before the ships were completed .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "After the agreement with Canada went through , Canadian naval aviation was established with the formation of four squadrons transferred from the Fleet Air Arm intended to fly from Warrior ; 803 Squadron and 883 Squadron equipped with Supermarine Seafires and 825 Squadron and 826 Squadron with Fairey Fireflys . Warrior was completed , transferred to the RCN and commissioned as HMCS Warrior on 24 January 1946 and placed under the command of Captain Frank Houghton . Sea trials were completed in March and flying trials were performed at Spithead following that . For the voyage to Canada , 803",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "and 825 Squadrons were embarked , while 883 and 826 Squadrons were paid off .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "Warrior entered Halifax harbour on 31 March 1946 , a week after leaving Portsmouth . She was escorted by the destroyer and the minesweeper , having officially joined the Canadian Atlantic Fleet on 23 March . April through May was spent alongside fixing builders defects before the ship began major fleet operations . In August , the aircraft carrier had its first loss , when a Firefly from 825 Squadron ditched , though both the pilot and observer were recovered . That same month , on 23 August while transiting the St . Lawrence River , Warrior ran aground at",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "Pointe Sainte Antoine , near Montreal while en route to the city after her rudder jammed . Tugboats got the aircraft carrier unstuck from the mud bank she had run into the same day and Warrior continued on to Montreal where she became the largest ship to visit that port to that date .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "The RCN experienced problems with the unheated equipment during operations in cold North Atlantic waters off eastern Canada during 1946 . The ship was transferred west to Esquimalt , British Columbia in November 1946 , visiting Bermuda , Acapulco , Mexico and San Diego , California before arriving in December . On 18 January 1947 , Commodore Harry DeWolf took command of Warrior while the vessel was undergoing repairs to the damages to her hull that had been received during her August grounding . On 31 January , one 825 Squadrons Fireflys was lost along with its pilot off Portland",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "Island during a training mission . It was during this period , that the RCN , facing reduced defence spending and manning constraints , came to the conclusion that they could not operate two aircraft carriers . Negotiations began to return Warrior when Magnificent became ready , with the RCN deeming Warrior unfit for service due to her lack of heating . In February 1947 , the aircraft carrier began her voyage back to Halifax , accompanied by the cruiser and destroyer . The Canadian group stopped at San Pedro , California before the aircraft carrier transited the Panama Canal",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "by herself , meeting the destroyers and Micmac on the other side . The three Canadian ships visited Havana , Cuba , marking the first time a Canadian warship had visited the Cuban capital since 1929 . Warrior returned to Halifax on 27 March . The ship then sailed for Bermuda with Nootka to take part in a naval exercise with the Royal Navy . Most of mid-1947 was spent undergoing repairs at Halifax and performing short cruises along east coast . In August , Warrior sailed for the United Kingdom where her squadrons would be re-equipped with Firefly Mark",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "IV and Hawker Sea Fury aircraft , returning to Halifax on 28 August . Meanwhile , preparations were being made for the return of Warrior and the acquisition of Magnificent . In November , Magnificents air group consisting of 826 and 883 Squadrons trained aboard Warrior off the coast of Nova Scotia . Following this , Warrior , escorted by the destroyer sailed to Bermuda where the ship was prepared to be paid off . The ship sailed for the UK on 12 February , arriving at Belfast on 20 February . On 1 March the ship moved to Spithead",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "where the aviation fuel was removed . Warrior was returned to the Royal Navy on 23 March 1948 at Portsmouth .",
"title": "Construction and career"
},
{
"text": "HMCS Warrior returned to the United Kingdom and was recommissioned as HMS Warrior on 23 March 1948 . Warrior was then refitted at Devonport and equipped with a flexible flight deck to test the feasibility of receiving undercarriage-less aircraft ; modified de Havilland Sea Vampire aircraft were used to test the concept , which was successful but not introduced into service . The flexible deck was composed of a rubber sheet supported by air bags . The new deck extended from the bow to the barrier forward of the island and was superimposed on the existing flight deck . Aft",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "of the flexible deck , a light steel ramp was placed over the flight deck rising to in height with a single arrestor wire . The trials lasted from November 1948 to March 1949 and upon completion , Warrior was paid off into the reserve at Portsmouth .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was reactivated in June 1950 and modified to carry troops and aircraft to the Far East during the Korean War , departing in August on the first such mission . In June 1951 , with 16 Parachute Brigade embarked , Warrior sailed to Cyprus in response to a crisis in the Middle East . The ship underwent refit during most of 1952 and 1953 at Devonport Dockyard . The ship was fitted with a new lattice mast and new radars with Type 281Q fitted to the mast and Type 277Q radars installed fore and aft of the island .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Identification friend or foe aerials were also installed on the mast . The bridge was enlarged and enclosed . The Fleet Air Arm 811 Squadron in Sea Furys and 825 Squadron in Fireflys were embarked after sea trials . During 1954 Warrior was deployed to the Far East , patrolling off the coast of Korea , following the ceasefire . In September the ship was among those sent to evacuate non-Communist refugees from Haiphong , North Vietnam to Vung Tau , South Vietnam , transporting more than 3,221 people in two voyages , and being awarded a South Vietnamese Presidential",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Citation .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "After returning to England another refit was carried out in 1955 at Devonport . This time Warrior received an angled flight deck of 5 degrees for trials . To install the angled deck , portside sponsons were removed , the angled deck installed portside amidships and the deck itself was upgraded to take aircraft up to . Furthermore , the catapult was upgraded to launch 20,000-pound aircraft and the arrester wire system improved to take the same weight of aircraft at . The aircraft carrier also received a mirror landing aid and Type 961 CCA radar . As the only",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "ship in the class to receive the upgrade , it was intended to turn Warrior into a training and trials ship .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Following a short period as a training ship , Warrior was dispatched to the Pacific Ocean , where the aircraft carrier took part in Operation Grapple , the first British hydrogen bomb tests , as the headquarters ship embarking a flight of Westland Whirlwind helicopters and Grumman Avenger AS4 aircraft to collect air samples from the tests and ferry them back for examination . After the operation was completed the Avengers were catapulted into the sea as they were contaminated with radioactivity . Considered surplus to requirements by the late 1950s , the Royal Navy decommissioned Warrior in February 1958",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "and offered her for sale . The return voyage from the Grapple tests was via Argentina , with port visits and demonstrations to the Argentine Navy , to whom the Admiralty was trying to sell her .",
"title": "Royal Navy service"
},
{
"text": "Warrior was sold to Argentina in 1958 and renamed ARA Independencia on 6 August 1958 . The Argentinian naval ensign was raised on 4 November at Portsmouth and sailed for Argentina on 10 December . Argentine Naval Aviation began air operations from Independencia on 8 June 1959 , even before the vessel was officially commissioned into the fleet . The ship was commissioned into the Argentine Navy on 8 July 1959 . The anti-aircraft armament was initially reduced to twelve 40 mm guns , soon further reduced to eight . In May 1962 the ship was however provided with one",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
},
{
"text": "quadruple and nine double mountings of that caliber . After all the modifications the displacement of the ship had climbed to while the vessels maximum speed had declined to .",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
},
{
"text": "The air group , which had a maximum 24 aircraft , was mainly formed from Vought F4U Corsairs , North American SNJ-5Cs Texans and Grumman S2F-1 ( S-2A ) Trackers . Naval Aviation inventory also included Grumman F9F Panther ( the first jet fighters in service with the Argentine Naval Aviation , starting from August 1963 which launched from Independencia ) and TF-9J Cougar jets , although Independencia proved to be unsuitable for operating them . The ship also used the North American T-28 Trojan trainer . After the aircraft carrier entered service in 1969 , Independencia moved to the",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
},
{
"text": "reserve in 1970 . She was scrapped in 1971 .",
"title": "Argentine Navy service"
}
] |
/wiki/Javan_Vidal#P54#0
|
Javan Vidal played for which team before Oct 2010?
|
Javan Vidal Javan Noel Vidal ( born 10 May 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or as a midfielder , for Kettering Town . A former England under-19 and under-20 international , he began his career at Manchester City , where he came through the clubs youth team academy . Whilst with City he spent time on loan with Grimsby Town , Aberdeen , Derby County and Chesterfield before being released in 2012 . He went on to sign for Panetolikos but left the club having failed to make a first team appearance . Upon his return to England he went on to play for Stockport County and Rochdale and Tamworth . Career . Manchester City . Born in Manchester , Greater Manchester , Vidal came through the youth ranks at Premier League club Manchester City before signing his first professional contract in May 2007 . He was given the number 32 shirt for the 2008β09 season . He signed on a one-month loan at League Two side Grimsby Town in September 2008 . He made his professional debut for Alan Buckleys Mariners in a 2β2 draw with Chesterfield in the Football League Trophy First Round at Saltergate on 3 September , coming on as a 59th-minute substitute for Simon Heslop ; Grimsby won the tie on penalties . He made his league debut three days later against Gillingham as a second-half substitute for Jamie Clarke . He made his first start at Blundell Park the following week in a 3β1 defeat to Chester City . Vidal returned to the Eastlands after playing a total of four games for Grimsby in all competitions . Vidal was loaned out to Jimmy Calderwoods Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen in January 2009 . He made his debut for the Dons on 24 January , coming on as a 64th-minute substitute for Stuart Duff in a 0β0 draw with Rangers at Pittodrie . He went on to score his first goal in senior football on 17 February , in a 5β0 victory over East Fife in the Scottish Cup . In all he played 14 games for Aberdeen in the latter half of the 2008β09 campaign . Vidal joined Nigel Cloughs Derby County on loan in February 2010 until the end of the 2009β10 season . He made just one appearance for the Championship club , as a late substitute in the 3β0 win against Newcastle United at Pride Park Stadium on 9 February , before Roberto Mancini activated a recall clause in his contract and he returned to the City of Manchester Stadium . Vidal signed a new one-year contract with Manchester City in July 2010 . He made his senior debut for City in the League Cup tie against West Bromwich Albion on 22 September 2010 ; he was replaced by Pablo Zabaleta in the 55th minute of the game after being cautioned early in the first half , the team were leading 1β0 when he was substituted but immediately found themselves two goals down when he was withdrawn and they went on to lose 2β1 in normal time . On 20 January 2011 , Vidal signed a five-week loan deal with John Sheridans Chesterfield . He made a total of six appearances for the Spireites , who went on to win the League Two title . Vidal was released by City in June 2011 . Following his release by Manchester City , Vidal insists that he needed to leave the club due to his desire for regular first-team football and he told Sky Sports that breaking into the side at Eastlands was getting tougher by the year . Vidal was also linked with Yeovil Town and Hibernian , but failed to find a club in summer 2011 . Panetolikos to Rochdale . Vidal signed a six-month contract with Greek Superleague club Panetolikos in January 2012 . However , he left the Panetolikos Stadium before making a single appearance for the club due to not being paid as expected . His former England under-20 teammate Febian Brandy joined him at Panetolikos a few weeks after Vidal and had the same experience with the club . Vidal signed for Ian Bogies Conference Premier side Stockport County in March 2013 . He left Edgeley Park when the Hatters were relegated at the end of the 2012β13 season . Vidal signed with League Two side Rochdale in July 2013 . He left Spotland in January 2014 having only made two League Two appearances in the first half of the 2013β14 season . He had a trial with Port Vale in July 2014 . Tamworth . On 29 August 2014 Vidal signed for Conference North side Tamworth . He would score once in his 25 games in the league , before departing the following summer . Wrexham , Guiseley and Bradford Park Avenue . On 19 May 2015 Vidal became the second signing of new Wrexham manager Gary Mills . He was released in May 2016 , and signed for Guiseley ahead of the 2016β17 National League season . He left the club again in the summer 2017 , and switched to Bradford Park Avenue at the start of July the same year . Droylsden . On 4 September 2018 Vidal signed for Droylsden in the Northern Premier League Division One West league ( Evo-Stik West ) . Hednesford Town . On 18 January 2019 , Vidal joined Hednesford Town . Kettering Town . Vidal joined Kettering Town for the 2019β20 season . International career . Vidal won caps for the England under-19s , and was selected for the under-20 international friendly against Italy on 31 March 2009 , playing the full 90 minutes and helping England to a 2β0 victory . He was a late call-up for the under-20 international friendly against Montenegro on 11 August 2009 , setting up the opening goal for Febian Brandy in a 5β0 victory . Honours . - Manchester City - Vodacom Challenge runner-up : 2009 - Chesterfield - Football League Two champion : 2010β11
|
[
"Manchester City"
] |
[
{
"text": " Javan Noel Vidal ( born 10 May 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or as a midfielder , for Kettering Town .",
"title": "Javan Vidal"
},
{
"text": "A former England under-19 and under-20 international , he began his career at Manchester City , where he came through the clubs youth team academy . Whilst with City he spent time on loan with Grimsby Town , Aberdeen , Derby County and Chesterfield before being released in 2012 . He went on to sign for Panetolikos but left the club having failed to make a first team appearance . Upon his return to England he went on to play for Stockport County and Rochdale and Tamworth .",
"title": "Javan Vidal"
},
{
"text": " Born in Manchester , Greater Manchester , Vidal came through the youth ranks at Premier League club Manchester City before signing his first professional contract in May 2007 . He was given the number 32 shirt for the 2008β09 season .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "He signed on a one-month loan at League Two side Grimsby Town in September 2008 . He made his professional debut for Alan Buckleys Mariners in a 2β2 draw with Chesterfield in the Football League Trophy First Round at Saltergate on 3 September , coming on as a 59th-minute substitute for Simon Heslop ; Grimsby won the tie on penalties . He made his league debut three days later against Gillingham as a second-half substitute for Jamie Clarke . He made his first start at Blundell Park the following week in a 3β1 defeat to Chester City . Vidal returned",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "to the Eastlands after playing a total of four games for Grimsby in all competitions .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " Vidal was loaned out to Jimmy Calderwoods Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen in January 2009 . He made his debut for the Dons on 24 January , coming on as a 64th-minute substitute for Stuart Duff in a 0β0 draw with Rangers at Pittodrie . He went on to score his first goal in senior football on 17 February , in a 5β0 victory over East Fife in the Scottish Cup . In all he played 14 games for Aberdeen in the latter half of the 2008β09 campaign .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "Vidal joined Nigel Cloughs Derby County on loan in February 2010 until the end of the 2009β10 season . He made just one appearance for the Championship club , as a late substitute in the 3β0 win against Newcastle United at Pride Park Stadium on 9 February , before Roberto Mancini activated a recall clause in his contract and he returned to the City of Manchester Stadium . Vidal signed a new one-year contract with Manchester City in July 2010 .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "He made his senior debut for City in the League Cup tie against West Bromwich Albion on 22 September 2010 ; he was replaced by Pablo Zabaleta in the 55th minute of the game after being cautioned early in the first half , the team were leading 1β0 when he was substituted but immediately found themselves two goals down when he was withdrawn and they went on to lose 2β1 in normal time . On 20 January 2011 , Vidal signed a five-week loan deal with John Sheridans Chesterfield . He made a total of six appearances for the Spireites",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": ", who went on to win the League Two title . Vidal was released by City in June 2011 . Following his release by Manchester City , Vidal insists that he needed to leave the club due to his desire for regular first-team football and he told Sky Sports that breaking into the side at Eastlands was getting tougher by the year . Vidal was also linked with Yeovil Town and Hibernian , but failed to find a club in summer 2011 .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " Vidal signed a six-month contract with Greek Superleague club Panetolikos in January 2012 . However , he left the Panetolikos Stadium before making a single appearance for the club due to not being paid as expected . His former England under-20 teammate Febian Brandy joined him at Panetolikos a few weeks after Vidal and had the same experience with the club . Vidal signed for Ian Bogies Conference Premier side Stockport County in March 2013 . He left Edgeley Park when the Hatters were relegated at the end of the 2012β13 season .",
"title": "Panetolikos to Rochdale"
},
{
"text": "Vidal signed with League Two side Rochdale in July 2013 . He left Spotland in January 2014 having only made two League Two appearances in the first half of the 2013β14 season .",
"title": "Panetolikos to Rochdale"
},
{
"text": " On 29 August 2014 Vidal signed for Conference North side Tamworth . He would score once in his 25 games in the league , before departing the following summer . Wrexham , Guiseley and Bradford Park Avenue . On 19 May 2015 Vidal became the second signing of new Wrexham manager Gary Mills . He was released in May 2016 , and signed for Guiseley ahead of the 2016β17 National League season . He left the club again in the summer 2017 , and switched to Bradford Park Avenue at the start of July the same year .",
"title": "Tamworth"
},
{
"text": " On 4 September 2018 Vidal signed for Droylsden in the Northern Premier League Division One West league ( Evo-Stik West ) .",
"title": "Droylsden"
},
{
"text": " Vidal won caps for the England under-19s , and was selected for the under-20 international friendly against Italy on 31 March 2009 , playing the full 90 minutes and helping England to a 2β0 victory . He was a late call-up for the under-20 international friendly against Montenegro on 11 August 2009 , setting up the opening goal for Febian Brandy in a 5β0 victory .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Manchester City - Vodacom Challenge runner-up : 2009 - Chesterfield - Football League Two champion : 2010β11",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Javan_Vidal#P54#1
|
Javan Vidal played for which team between Apr 2013 and Sep 2013?
|
Javan Vidal Javan Noel Vidal ( born 10 May 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or as a midfielder , for Kettering Town . A former England under-19 and under-20 international , he began his career at Manchester City , where he came through the clubs youth team academy . Whilst with City he spent time on loan with Grimsby Town , Aberdeen , Derby County and Chesterfield before being released in 2012 . He went on to sign for Panetolikos but left the club having failed to make a first team appearance . Upon his return to England he went on to play for Stockport County and Rochdale and Tamworth . Career . Manchester City . Born in Manchester , Greater Manchester , Vidal came through the youth ranks at Premier League club Manchester City before signing his first professional contract in May 2007 . He was given the number 32 shirt for the 2008β09 season . He signed on a one-month loan at League Two side Grimsby Town in September 2008 . He made his professional debut for Alan Buckleys Mariners in a 2β2 draw with Chesterfield in the Football League Trophy First Round at Saltergate on 3 September , coming on as a 59th-minute substitute for Simon Heslop ; Grimsby won the tie on penalties . He made his league debut three days later against Gillingham as a second-half substitute for Jamie Clarke . He made his first start at Blundell Park the following week in a 3β1 defeat to Chester City . Vidal returned to the Eastlands after playing a total of four games for Grimsby in all competitions . Vidal was loaned out to Jimmy Calderwoods Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen in January 2009 . He made his debut for the Dons on 24 January , coming on as a 64th-minute substitute for Stuart Duff in a 0β0 draw with Rangers at Pittodrie . He went on to score his first goal in senior football on 17 February , in a 5β0 victory over East Fife in the Scottish Cup . In all he played 14 games for Aberdeen in the latter half of the 2008β09 campaign . Vidal joined Nigel Cloughs Derby County on loan in February 2010 until the end of the 2009β10 season . He made just one appearance for the Championship club , as a late substitute in the 3β0 win against Newcastle United at Pride Park Stadium on 9 February , before Roberto Mancini activated a recall clause in his contract and he returned to the City of Manchester Stadium . Vidal signed a new one-year contract with Manchester City in July 2010 . He made his senior debut for City in the League Cup tie against West Bromwich Albion on 22 September 2010 ; he was replaced by Pablo Zabaleta in the 55th minute of the game after being cautioned early in the first half , the team were leading 1β0 when he was substituted but immediately found themselves two goals down when he was withdrawn and they went on to lose 2β1 in normal time . On 20 January 2011 , Vidal signed a five-week loan deal with John Sheridans Chesterfield . He made a total of six appearances for the Spireites , who went on to win the League Two title . Vidal was released by City in June 2011 . Following his release by Manchester City , Vidal insists that he needed to leave the club due to his desire for regular first-team football and he told Sky Sports that breaking into the side at Eastlands was getting tougher by the year . Vidal was also linked with Yeovil Town and Hibernian , but failed to find a club in summer 2011 . Panetolikos to Rochdale . Vidal signed a six-month contract with Greek Superleague club Panetolikos in January 2012 . However , he left the Panetolikos Stadium before making a single appearance for the club due to not being paid as expected . His former England under-20 teammate Febian Brandy joined him at Panetolikos a few weeks after Vidal and had the same experience with the club . Vidal signed for Ian Bogies Conference Premier side Stockport County in March 2013 . He left Edgeley Park when the Hatters were relegated at the end of the 2012β13 season . Vidal signed with League Two side Rochdale in July 2013 . He left Spotland in January 2014 having only made two League Two appearances in the first half of the 2013β14 season . He had a trial with Port Vale in July 2014 . Tamworth . On 29 August 2014 Vidal signed for Conference North side Tamworth . He would score once in his 25 games in the league , before departing the following summer . Wrexham , Guiseley and Bradford Park Avenue . On 19 May 2015 Vidal became the second signing of new Wrexham manager Gary Mills . He was released in May 2016 , and signed for Guiseley ahead of the 2016β17 National League season . He left the club again in the summer 2017 , and switched to Bradford Park Avenue at the start of July the same year . Droylsden . On 4 September 2018 Vidal signed for Droylsden in the Northern Premier League Division One West league ( Evo-Stik West ) . Hednesford Town . On 18 January 2019 , Vidal joined Hednesford Town . Kettering Town . Vidal joined Kettering Town for the 2019β20 season . International career . Vidal won caps for the England under-19s , and was selected for the under-20 international friendly against Italy on 31 March 2009 , playing the full 90 minutes and helping England to a 2β0 victory . He was a late call-up for the under-20 international friendly against Montenegro on 11 August 2009 , setting up the opening goal for Febian Brandy in a 5β0 victory . Honours . - Manchester City - Vodacom Challenge runner-up : 2009 - Chesterfield - Football League Two champion : 2010β11
|
[
"Rochdale"
] |
[
{
"text": " Javan Noel Vidal ( born 10 May 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or as a midfielder , for Kettering Town .",
"title": "Javan Vidal"
},
{
"text": "A former England under-19 and under-20 international , he began his career at Manchester City , where he came through the clubs youth team academy . Whilst with City he spent time on loan with Grimsby Town , Aberdeen , Derby County and Chesterfield before being released in 2012 . He went on to sign for Panetolikos but left the club having failed to make a first team appearance . Upon his return to England he went on to play for Stockport County and Rochdale and Tamworth .",
"title": "Javan Vidal"
},
{
"text": " Born in Manchester , Greater Manchester , Vidal came through the youth ranks at Premier League club Manchester City before signing his first professional contract in May 2007 . He was given the number 32 shirt for the 2008β09 season .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "He signed on a one-month loan at League Two side Grimsby Town in September 2008 . He made his professional debut for Alan Buckleys Mariners in a 2β2 draw with Chesterfield in the Football League Trophy First Round at Saltergate on 3 September , coming on as a 59th-minute substitute for Simon Heslop ; Grimsby won the tie on penalties . He made his league debut three days later against Gillingham as a second-half substitute for Jamie Clarke . He made his first start at Blundell Park the following week in a 3β1 defeat to Chester City . Vidal returned",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "to the Eastlands after playing a total of four games for Grimsby in all competitions .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " Vidal was loaned out to Jimmy Calderwoods Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen in January 2009 . He made his debut for the Dons on 24 January , coming on as a 64th-minute substitute for Stuart Duff in a 0β0 draw with Rangers at Pittodrie . He went on to score his first goal in senior football on 17 February , in a 5β0 victory over East Fife in the Scottish Cup . In all he played 14 games for Aberdeen in the latter half of the 2008β09 campaign .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "Vidal joined Nigel Cloughs Derby County on loan in February 2010 until the end of the 2009β10 season . He made just one appearance for the Championship club , as a late substitute in the 3β0 win against Newcastle United at Pride Park Stadium on 9 February , before Roberto Mancini activated a recall clause in his contract and he returned to the City of Manchester Stadium . Vidal signed a new one-year contract with Manchester City in July 2010 .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "He made his senior debut for City in the League Cup tie against West Bromwich Albion on 22 September 2010 ; he was replaced by Pablo Zabaleta in the 55th minute of the game after being cautioned early in the first half , the team were leading 1β0 when he was substituted but immediately found themselves two goals down when he was withdrawn and they went on to lose 2β1 in normal time . On 20 January 2011 , Vidal signed a five-week loan deal with John Sheridans Chesterfield . He made a total of six appearances for the Spireites",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": ", who went on to win the League Two title . Vidal was released by City in June 2011 . Following his release by Manchester City , Vidal insists that he needed to leave the club due to his desire for regular first-team football and he told Sky Sports that breaking into the side at Eastlands was getting tougher by the year . Vidal was also linked with Yeovil Town and Hibernian , but failed to find a club in summer 2011 .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " Vidal signed a six-month contract with Greek Superleague club Panetolikos in January 2012 . However , he left the Panetolikos Stadium before making a single appearance for the club due to not being paid as expected . His former England under-20 teammate Febian Brandy joined him at Panetolikos a few weeks after Vidal and had the same experience with the club . Vidal signed for Ian Bogies Conference Premier side Stockport County in March 2013 . He left Edgeley Park when the Hatters were relegated at the end of the 2012β13 season .",
"title": "Panetolikos to Rochdale"
},
{
"text": "Vidal signed with League Two side Rochdale in July 2013 . He left Spotland in January 2014 having only made two League Two appearances in the first half of the 2013β14 season .",
"title": "Panetolikos to Rochdale"
},
{
"text": " On 29 August 2014 Vidal signed for Conference North side Tamworth . He would score once in his 25 games in the league , before departing the following summer . Wrexham , Guiseley and Bradford Park Avenue . On 19 May 2015 Vidal became the second signing of new Wrexham manager Gary Mills . He was released in May 2016 , and signed for Guiseley ahead of the 2016β17 National League season . He left the club again in the summer 2017 , and switched to Bradford Park Avenue at the start of July the same year .",
"title": "Tamworth"
},
{
"text": " On 4 September 2018 Vidal signed for Droylsden in the Northern Premier League Division One West league ( Evo-Stik West ) .",
"title": "Droylsden"
},
{
"text": " Vidal won caps for the England under-19s , and was selected for the under-20 international friendly against Italy on 31 March 2009 , playing the full 90 minutes and helping England to a 2β0 victory . He was a late call-up for the under-20 international friendly against Montenegro on 11 August 2009 , setting up the opening goal for Febian Brandy in a 5β0 victory .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Manchester City - Vodacom Challenge runner-up : 2009 - Chesterfield - Football League Two champion : 2010β11",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Javan_Vidal#P54#2
|
Javan Vidal played for which team between Jul 2014 and Dec 2014?
|
Javan Vidal Javan Noel Vidal ( born 10 May 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or as a midfielder , for Kettering Town . A former England under-19 and under-20 international , he began his career at Manchester City , where he came through the clubs youth team academy . Whilst with City he spent time on loan with Grimsby Town , Aberdeen , Derby County and Chesterfield before being released in 2012 . He went on to sign for Panetolikos but left the club having failed to make a first team appearance . Upon his return to England he went on to play for Stockport County and Rochdale and Tamworth . Career . Manchester City . Born in Manchester , Greater Manchester , Vidal came through the youth ranks at Premier League club Manchester City before signing his first professional contract in May 2007 . He was given the number 32 shirt for the 2008β09 season . He signed on a one-month loan at League Two side Grimsby Town in September 2008 . He made his professional debut for Alan Buckleys Mariners in a 2β2 draw with Chesterfield in the Football League Trophy First Round at Saltergate on 3 September , coming on as a 59th-minute substitute for Simon Heslop ; Grimsby won the tie on penalties . He made his league debut three days later against Gillingham as a second-half substitute for Jamie Clarke . He made his first start at Blundell Park the following week in a 3β1 defeat to Chester City . Vidal returned to the Eastlands after playing a total of four games for Grimsby in all competitions . Vidal was loaned out to Jimmy Calderwoods Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen in January 2009 . He made his debut for the Dons on 24 January , coming on as a 64th-minute substitute for Stuart Duff in a 0β0 draw with Rangers at Pittodrie . He went on to score his first goal in senior football on 17 February , in a 5β0 victory over East Fife in the Scottish Cup . In all he played 14 games for Aberdeen in the latter half of the 2008β09 campaign . Vidal joined Nigel Cloughs Derby County on loan in February 2010 until the end of the 2009β10 season . He made just one appearance for the Championship club , as a late substitute in the 3β0 win against Newcastle United at Pride Park Stadium on 9 February , before Roberto Mancini activated a recall clause in his contract and he returned to the City of Manchester Stadium . Vidal signed a new one-year contract with Manchester City in July 2010 . He made his senior debut for City in the League Cup tie against West Bromwich Albion on 22 September 2010 ; he was replaced by Pablo Zabaleta in the 55th minute of the game after being cautioned early in the first half , the team were leading 1β0 when he was substituted but immediately found themselves two goals down when he was withdrawn and they went on to lose 2β1 in normal time . On 20 January 2011 , Vidal signed a five-week loan deal with John Sheridans Chesterfield . He made a total of six appearances for the Spireites , who went on to win the League Two title . Vidal was released by City in June 2011 . Following his release by Manchester City , Vidal insists that he needed to leave the club due to his desire for regular first-team football and he told Sky Sports that breaking into the side at Eastlands was getting tougher by the year . Vidal was also linked with Yeovil Town and Hibernian , but failed to find a club in summer 2011 . Panetolikos to Rochdale . Vidal signed a six-month contract with Greek Superleague club Panetolikos in January 2012 . However , he left the Panetolikos Stadium before making a single appearance for the club due to not being paid as expected . His former England under-20 teammate Febian Brandy joined him at Panetolikos a few weeks after Vidal and had the same experience with the club . Vidal signed for Ian Bogies Conference Premier side Stockport County in March 2013 . He left Edgeley Park when the Hatters were relegated at the end of the 2012β13 season . Vidal signed with League Two side Rochdale in July 2013 . He left Spotland in January 2014 having only made two League Two appearances in the first half of the 2013β14 season . He had a trial with Port Vale in July 2014 . Tamworth . On 29 August 2014 Vidal signed for Conference North side Tamworth . He would score once in his 25 games in the league , before departing the following summer . Wrexham , Guiseley and Bradford Park Avenue . On 19 May 2015 Vidal became the second signing of new Wrexham manager Gary Mills . He was released in May 2016 , and signed for Guiseley ahead of the 2016β17 National League season . He left the club again in the summer 2017 , and switched to Bradford Park Avenue at the start of July the same year . Droylsden . On 4 September 2018 Vidal signed for Droylsden in the Northern Premier League Division One West league ( Evo-Stik West ) . Hednesford Town . On 18 January 2019 , Vidal joined Hednesford Town . Kettering Town . Vidal joined Kettering Town for the 2019β20 season . International career . Vidal won caps for the England under-19s , and was selected for the under-20 international friendly against Italy on 31 March 2009 , playing the full 90 minutes and helping England to a 2β0 victory . He was a late call-up for the under-20 international friendly against Montenegro on 11 August 2009 , setting up the opening goal for Febian Brandy in a 5β0 victory . Honours . - Manchester City - Vodacom Challenge runner-up : 2009 - Chesterfield - Football League Two champion : 2010β11
|
[
"Tamworth"
] |
[
{
"text": " Javan Noel Vidal ( born 10 May 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or as a midfielder , for Kettering Town .",
"title": "Javan Vidal"
},
{
"text": "A former England under-19 and under-20 international , he began his career at Manchester City , where he came through the clubs youth team academy . Whilst with City he spent time on loan with Grimsby Town , Aberdeen , Derby County and Chesterfield before being released in 2012 . He went on to sign for Panetolikos but left the club having failed to make a first team appearance . Upon his return to England he went on to play for Stockport County and Rochdale and Tamworth .",
"title": "Javan Vidal"
},
{
"text": " Born in Manchester , Greater Manchester , Vidal came through the youth ranks at Premier League club Manchester City before signing his first professional contract in May 2007 . He was given the number 32 shirt for the 2008β09 season .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "He signed on a one-month loan at League Two side Grimsby Town in September 2008 . He made his professional debut for Alan Buckleys Mariners in a 2β2 draw with Chesterfield in the Football League Trophy First Round at Saltergate on 3 September , coming on as a 59th-minute substitute for Simon Heslop ; Grimsby won the tie on penalties . He made his league debut three days later against Gillingham as a second-half substitute for Jamie Clarke . He made his first start at Blundell Park the following week in a 3β1 defeat to Chester City . Vidal returned",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "to the Eastlands after playing a total of four games for Grimsby in all competitions .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " Vidal was loaned out to Jimmy Calderwoods Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen in January 2009 . He made his debut for the Dons on 24 January , coming on as a 64th-minute substitute for Stuart Duff in a 0β0 draw with Rangers at Pittodrie . He went on to score his first goal in senior football on 17 February , in a 5β0 victory over East Fife in the Scottish Cup . In all he played 14 games for Aberdeen in the latter half of the 2008β09 campaign .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "Vidal joined Nigel Cloughs Derby County on loan in February 2010 until the end of the 2009β10 season . He made just one appearance for the Championship club , as a late substitute in the 3β0 win against Newcastle United at Pride Park Stadium on 9 February , before Roberto Mancini activated a recall clause in his contract and he returned to the City of Manchester Stadium . Vidal signed a new one-year contract with Manchester City in July 2010 .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "He made his senior debut for City in the League Cup tie against West Bromwich Albion on 22 September 2010 ; he was replaced by Pablo Zabaleta in the 55th minute of the game after being cautioned early in the first half , the team were leading 1β0 when he was substituted but immediately found themselves two goals down when he was withdrawn and they went on to lose 2β1 in normal time . On 20 January 2011 , Vidal signed a five-week loan deal with John Sheridans Chesterfield . He made a total of six appearances for the Spireites",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": ", who went on to win the League Two title . Vidal was released by City in June 2011 . Following his release by Manchester City , Vidal insists that he needed to leave the club due to his desire for regular first-team football and he told Sky Sports that breaking into the side at Eastlands was getting tougher by the year . Vidal was also linked with Yeovil Town and Hibernian , but failed to find a club in summer 2011 .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " Vidal signed a six-month contract with Greek Superleague club Panetolikos in January 2012 . However , he left the Panetolikos Stadium before making a single appearance for the club due to not being paid as expected . His former England under-20 teammate Febian Brandy joined him at Panetolikos a few weeks after Vidal and had the same experience with the club . Vidal signed for Ian Bogies Conference Premier side Stockport County in March 2013 . He left Edgeley Park when the Hatters were relegated at the end of the 2012β13 season .",
"title": "Panetolikos to Rochdale"
},
{
"text": "Vidal signed with League Two side Rochdale in July 2013 . He left Spotland in January 2014 having only made two League Two appearances in the first half of the 2013β14 season .",
"title": "Panetolikos to Rochdale"
},
{
"text": " On 29 August 2014 Vidal signed for Conference North side Tamworth . He would score once in his 25 games in the league , before departing the following summer . Wrexham , Guiseley and Bradford Park Avenue . On 19 May 2015 Vidal became the second signing of new Wrexham manager Gary Mills . He was released in May 2016 , and signed for Guiseley ahead of the 2016β17 National League season . He left the club again in the summer 2017 , and switched to Bradford Park Avenue at the start of July the same year .",
"title": "Tamworth"
},
{
"text": " On 4 September 2018 Vidal signed for Droylsden in the Northern Premier League Division One West league ( Evo-Stik West ) .",
"title": "Droylsden"
},
{
"text": " Vidal won caps for the England under-19s , and was selected for the under-20 international friendly against Italy on 31 March 2009 , playing the full 90 minutes and helping England to a 2β0 victory . He was a late call-up for the under-20 international friendly against Montenegro on 11 August 2009 , setting up the opening goal for Febian Brandy in a 5β0 victory .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Manchester City - Vodacom Challenge runner-up : 2009 - Chesterfield - Football League Two champion : 2010β11",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Javan_Vidal#P54#3
|
Javan Vidal played for which team between Aug 2015 and Nov 2015?
|
Javan Vidal Javan Noel Vidal ( born 10 May 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or as a midfielder , for Kettering Town . A former England under-19 and under-20 international , he began his career at Manchester City , where he came through the clubs youth team academy . Whilst with City he spent time on loan with Grimsby Town , Aberdeen , Derby County and Chesterfield before being released in 2012 . He went on to sign for Panetolikos but left the club having failed to make a first team appearance . Upon his return to England he went on to play for Stockport County and Rochdale and Tamworth . Career . Manchester City . Born in Manchester , Greater Manchester , Vidal came through the youth ranks at Premier League club Manchester City before signing his first professional contract in May 2007 . He was given the number 32 shirt for the 2008β09 season . He signed on a one-month loan at League Two side Grimsby Town in September 2008 . He made his professional debut for Alan Buckleys Mariners in a 2β2 draw with Chesterfield in the Football League Trophy First Round at Saltergate on 3 September , coming on as a 59th-minute substitute for Simon Heslop ; Grimsby won the tie on penalties . He made his league debut three days later against Gillingham as a second-half substitute for Jamie Clarke . He made his first start at Blundell Park the following week in a 3β1 defeat to Chester City . Vidal returned to the Eastlands after playing a total of four games for Grimsby in all competitions . Vidal was loaned out to Jimmy Calderwoods Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen in January 2009 . He made his debut for the Dons on 24 January , coming on as a 64th-minute substitute for Stuart Duff in a 0β0 draw with Rangers at Pittodrie . He went on to score his first goal in senior football on 17 February , in a 5β0 victory over East Fife in the Scottish Cup . In all he played 14 games for Aberdeen in the latter half of the 2008β09 campaign . Vidal joined Nigel Cloughs Derby County on loan in February 2010 until the end of the 2009β10 season . He made just one appearance for the Championship club , as a late substitute in the 3β0 win against Newcastle United at Pride Park Stadium on 9 February , before Roberto Mancini activated a recall clause in his contract and he returned to the City of Manchester Stadium . Vidal signed a new one-year contract with Manchester City in July 2010 . He made his senior debut for City in the League Cup tie against West Bromwich Albion on 22 September 2010 ; he was replaced by Pablo Zabaleta in the 55th minute of the game after being cautioned early in the first half , the team were leading 1β0 when he was substituted but immediately found themselves two goals down when he was withdrawn and they went on to lose 2β1 in normal time . On 20 January 2011 , Vidal signed a five-week loan deal with John Sheridans Chesterfield . He made a total of six appearances for the Spireites , who went on to win the League Two title . Vidal was released by City in June 2011 . Following his release by Manchester City , Vidal insists that he needed to leave the club due to his desire for regular first-team football and he told Sky Sports that breaking into the side at Eastlands was getting tougher by the year . Vidal was also linked with Yeovil Town and Hibernian , but failed to find a club in summer 2011 . Panetolikos to Rochdale . Vidal signed a six-month contract with Greek Superleague club Panetolikos in January 2012 . However , he left the Panetolikos Stadium before making a single appearance for the club due to not being paid as expected . His former England under-20 teammate Febian Brandy joined him at Panetolikos a few weeks after Vidal and had the same experience with the club . Vidal signed for Ian Bogies Conference Premier side Stockport County in March 2013 . He left Edgeley Park when the Hatters were relegated at the end of the 2012β13 season . Vidal signed with League Two side Rochdale in July 2013 . He left Spotland in January 2014 having only made two League Two appearances in the first half of the 2013β14 season . He had a trial with Port Vale in July 2014 . Tamworth . On 29 August 2014 Vidal signed for Conference North side Tamworth . He would score once in his 25 games in the league , before departing the following summer . Wrexham , Guiseley and Bradford Park Avenue . On 19 May 2015 Vidal became the second signing of new Wrexham manager Gary Mills . He was released in May 2016 , and signed for Guiseley ahead of the 2016β17 National League season . He left the club again in the summer 2017 , and switched to Bradford Park Avenue at the start of July the same year . Droylsden . On 4 September 2018 Vidal signed for Droylsden in the Northern Premier League Division One West league ( Evo-Stik West ) . Hednesford Town . On 18 January 2019 , Vidal joined Hednesford Town . Kettering Town . Vidal joined Kettering Town for the 2019β20 season . International career . Vidal won caps for the England under-19s , and was selected for the under-20 international friendly against Italy on 31 March 2009 , playing the full 90 minutes and helping England to a 2β0 victory . He was a late call-up for the under-20 international friendly against Montenegro on 11 August 2009 , setting up the opening goal for Febian Brandy in a 5β0 victory . Honours . - Manchester City - Vodacom Challenge runner-up : 2009 - Chesterfield - Football League Two champion : 2010β11
|
[
"Wrexham"
] |
[
{
"text": " Javan Noel Vidal ( born 10 May 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or as a midfielder , for Kettering Town .",
"title": "Javan Vidal"
},
{
"text": "A former England under-19 and under-20 international , he began his career at Manchester City , where he came through the clubs youth team academy . Whilst with City he spent time on loan with Grimsby Town , Aberdeen , Derby County and Chesterfield before being released in 2012 . He went on to sign for Panetolikos but left the club having failed to make a first team appearance . Upon his return to England he went on to play for Stockport County and Rochdale and Tamworth .",
"title": "Javan Vidal"
},
{
"text": " Born in Manchester , Greater Manchester , Vidal came through the youth ranks at Premier League club Manchester City before signing his first professional contract in May 2007 . He was given the number 32 shirt for the 2008β09 season .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "He signed on a one-month loan at League Two side Grimsby Town in September 2008 . He made his professional debut for Alan Buckleys Mariners in a 2β2 draw with Chesterfield in the Football League Trophy First Round at Saltergate on 3 September , coming on as a 59th-minute substitute for Simon Heslop ; Grimsby won the tie on penalties . He made his league debut three days later against Gillingham as a second-half substitute for Jamie Clarke . He made his first start at Blundell Park the following week in a 3β1 defeat to Chester City . Vidal returned",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "to the Eastlands after playing a total of four games for Grimsby in all competitions .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " Vidal was loaned out to Jimmy Calderwoods Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen in January 2009 . He made his debut for the Dons on 24 January , coming on as a 64th-minute substitute for Stuart Duff in a 0β0 draw with Rangers at Pittodrie . He went on to score his first goal in senior football on 17 February , in a 5β0 victory over East Fife in the Scottish Cup . In all he played 14 games for Aberdeen in the latter half of the 2008β09 campaign .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "Vidal joined Nigel Cloughs Derby County on loan in February 2010 until the end of the 2009β10 season . He made just one appearance for the Championship club , as a late substitute in the 3β0 win against Newcastle United at Pride Park Stadium on 9 February , before Roberto Mancini activated a recall clause in his contract and he returned to the City of Manchester Stadium . Vidal signed a new one-year contract with Manchester City in July 2010 .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "He made his senior debut for City in the League Cup tie against West Bromwich Albion on 22 September 2010 ; he was replaced by Pablo Zabaleta in the 55th minute of the game after being cautioned early in the first half , the team were leading 1β0 when he was substituted but immediately found themselves two goals down when he was withdrawn and they went on to lose 2β1 in normal time . On 20 January 2011 , Vidal signed a five-week loan deal with John Sheridans Chesterfield . He made a total of six appearances for the Spireites",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": ", who went on to win the League Two title . Vidal was released by City in June 2011 . Following his release by Manchester City , Vidal insists that he needed to leave the club due to his desire for regular first-team football and he told Sky Sports that breaking into the side at Eastlands was getting tougher by the year . Vidal was also linked with Yeovil Town and Hibernian , but failed to find a club in summer 2011 .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " Vidal signed a six-month contract with Greek Superleague club Panetolikos in January 2012 . However , he left the Panetolikos Stadium before making a single appearance for the club due to not being paid as expected . His former England under-20 teammate Febian Brandy joined him at Panetolikos a few weeks after Vidal and had the same experience with the club . Vidal signed for Ian Bogies Conference Premier side Stockport County in March 2013 . He left Edgeley Park when the Hatters were relegated at the end of the 2012β13 season .",
"title": "Panetolikos to Rochdale"
},
{
"text": "Vidal signed with League Two side Rochdale in July 2013 . He left Spotland in January 2014 having only made two League Two appearances in the first half of the 2013β14 season .",
"title": "Panetolikos to Rochdale"
},
{
"text": " On 29 August 2014 Vidal signed for Conference North side Tamworth . He would score once in his 25 games in the league , before departing the following summer . Wrexham , Guiseley and Bradford Park Avenue . On 19 May 2015 Vidal became the second signing of new Wrexham manager Gary Mills . He was released in May 2016 , and signed for Guiseley ahead of the 2016β17 National League season . He left the club again in the summer 2017 , and switched to Bradford Park Avenue at the start of July the same year .",
"title": "Tamworth"
},
{
"text": " On 4 September 2018 Vidal signed for Droylsden in the Northern Premier League Division One West league ( Evo-Stik West ) .",
"title": "Droylsden"
},
{
"text": " Vidal won caps for the England under-19s , and was selected for the under-20 international friendly against Italy on 31 March 2009 , playing the full 90 minutes and helping England to a 2β0 victory . He was a late call-up for the under-20 international friendly against Montenegro on 11 August 2009 , setting up the opening goal for Febian Brandy in a 5β0 victory .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Manchester City - Vodacom Challenge runner-up : 2009 - Chesterfield - Football League Two champion : 2010β11",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Nacer_Chadli#P54#0
|
Which team did Nacer Chadli play for between Oct 2008 and Dec 2009?
|
Nacer Chadli Nacer Chadli ( born 2 August 1989 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir and the Belgium national team . He began his career in the Eerste Divisie with AGOVV Apeldoorn , and in 2010 , he was transferred to top-flight FC Twente , where he won the KNVB Cup in his first season . In 2013 , Chadli joined Tottenham Hotspur , and three years later he signed for West Bromwich Albion for a club record Β£13 million . Chadli played internationally for Morocco in 2010 as his father is of Moroccan descent , but switched allegiance to Belgium the following year . He has earned over sixty caps for Belgium and represented the nation at the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and 2018 . Club career . Apeldoorn . Chadli played his youth football at JS Thier-Γ -LiΓ¨ge , Standard LiΓ¨ge and MVV Maastricht . In the summer of 2007 , he was contracted by Dutch second division club AGOVV Apeldoorn , who scouted him at MVVs youth academy . Here he was considered an emerging talent . While Chadli was being tested by AGOVV , he went under the alias Kaliffe , because technical manager Ted van Leeuwen was afraid other clubs would show their interest . Chadli scored his first goal in professional football for AGOVV in a match against FC Volendam . Twente . In the summer of 2010 , Chadli signed with FC Twente , and in the ensuing season became a first team player for the then reigning Eredivisie champions . His first Eredivisie goal was the winning one away at title rivals PSV . He made his European and Champions League debut in a 2β2 home draw against Internazionale on 14 September in the competitions group stage . On 29 September , he scored his first Champions League goal away at Tottenham Hotspur ( 4β1 ) , and on 2 November scored his second at Werder Bremen in a 0β2 away victory . He later scored again in the Champions League against Tottenham from a free-kick on 7 December , the goal securing a draw for Twente at home , 3β3 . Tottenham Hotspur . On 21 July 2013 , Tottenham Hotspur agreed a deal with Twente to sign Chadli for a transfer fee of Β£7 million . The club confirmed that subject to agreement of personal terms and a medical , Chadli would join the Spurs squad for pre-season training in Hong Kong . On 23 July , the club confirmed that Chadli had joined the squad which was participating in training sessions prior to the club taking part in the 2013 Premier League Asia Trophy . Chadli finally agreed terms on 26 July and became an official Tottenham player , later making his Spurs debut in a 5β2 friendly defeat to AS Monaco on 3 August . He made his Premier League debut on 18 August , the first match of the 2013β14 season , against Crystal Palace in a 1β0 win , then scored his first Premier League goal on 12 February 2014 , a 0β4 win away to Newcastle United . On 24 August 2014 , the second matchday of the 2014β15 season , Chadli scored twice as Tottenham defeated Queens Park Rangers 4β0 at home . This was the start of a run of good form for Chadli , who went on to score several goals , including one against Tottenhams North London rivals Arsenal . The run of form , however , was cut short by injury , and before he could return to form , tragedy struck his family after his father died . Chadli slowly returned to form , scoring two goals in two matches against Newcastle United and Southampton , respectively , in late April to take his season total to 12 , ten in the Premier League . Chadli increased his tally to 11 Premier League goals by rounding the goalkeeper in a 2β0 victory against Hull City on 16 May 2015 . West Bromwich Albion . On 29 August 2016 , West Bromwich Albion agreed a deal with Tottenham Hotspur to sign Chadli for a club-record transfer fee of Β£13 million . He made his debut in a 1β0 defeat to Bournemouth . Chadli scored twice and got two assists on his home debut , only his second league appearance for the club which ended as a 4β2 win over West Ham United . In 2017β18 , Chadli was troubled by recurring thigh injuries and made only three appearances by the end of April in a West Bromwich Albion side that was eventually relegated . Totalling five appearances , he scored once , a free kick in a 1β1 draw at Leicester City on 16 October 2017 . Monaco . On 30 August 2018 , Monaco announced the signing of Chadli on a three-year deal . They paid more than β¬12 million to West Bromwich Albion to secure the services of the multipurpose midfielder . At the club he was united with fellow Belgium national team player , Youri Tielemans . Chadli competed in the Champions League with Monaco . In Ligue 1 , however , he had an unsuccessful season , as Monaco struggled against relegation from the league throughout the competition , only securing it at the end of the season . At Monaco , Chadli played only 1,058 minutes and neither scored a goal or made an assist in all competitions . Loan to Anderlecht . On 11 August 2019 , Chadli joined Anderlecht on a season-long loan from Monaco after having been sidetracked at the French club . Player-manager Vincent Kompany was able to persuade Chadli in coming to the Belgian First Division A . After Kompany and Simon Mignolet , he was the third Belgian international to return to Belgium to play . Anderlecht took over his entire contract ( more than β¬ 230,000 gross per month ) from Chadli at Monaco . With the experienced Chadli , and a number of other experienced signings , Anderlecht wanted to invest to lift their youngsters to a higher level . On 17 August 2019 , he made his debut for Anderlecht in a 4β2 loss to Kortrijk . The match also marked his debut in the highest Belgian division , which he had left at the age of 17 . Despite his injury problems , Chadli was one of the highlights of the club that season . He managed to score eight goals and give five assists in 17 league appearances . However , Anderlecht did not sign him on a permanent deal as the loan expired , as the club did not have the finances . Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir . On 10 September 2020 , Chadli moved to Turkish club Istanbul Basaksehir . He signed a two-year contract with the club , and was assigned jersey number 11 . BaΕakΕehir were the defending SΓΌper Lig champions and had thus qualified directly for the group stage of the Champions League . At the point of signing , he still had one year left of his deal with Monaco , but did not have any prospects of playing time there . At the club , he was reunited with a number of fellow former Premier League players , including Martin Ε krtel and Demba Ba . On 8 November , Chadli made his first appearance for BaΕakΕehir , in a league match against GenΓ§lerbirliΔi , after having been injured during the first two months of his tenure at the club . He came on as a substitute for Deniz TΓΌrΓΌΓ§ in the 79th minute , as BaΕakΕehir were down 0β1 . Chadli went on to contribute heavily to his clubs win , giving two assists as the team turned around the game to secure a 2β1 . International career . A dual citizen of Belgium and Morocco , Chadli was thus able to represent either nation . He made his debut for Morocco side on 17 November 2010 , in a 1β1 friendly draw against Northern Ireland at Windsor Park , and was named man of the match . On 28 January 2011 , however , he announced his intention to represent Belgium at the international level , which was permitted because he had not yet played in a competitive match for Morocco . He made his debut for the Belgian squad for a 9 February friendly match against Finland . Chadli has played as a striker for the Belgian national team , scoring his first international goal in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier against Azerbaijan in the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels on 29 March 2011 . On 26 May 2014 , Chadli scored what would have been his third international goal in a pre-2014 World Cup friendly against Luxembourg . The match , however , was later recognised invalid as coach Marc Wilmots had made seven substitutions instead of the permitted six . On 13 May 2014 , Chadli was named to Belgiums squad for the 2014 World Cup . He started in midfield but was substituted at half time for Dries Mertens in the teams first game of the tournament , a 2β1 win over Algeria in Belo Horizonte . In May 2018 he was named to Belgiumβs preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . On 2 July 2018 , Chadli came off the bench to score the winning goal in injury time to lift Belgium to a 3β2 victory over Japan in the round of 16 of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The goal is chosen by the BBC panel as goal of the tournament in the 2018 World Cup . Style of play . Chadli is a versatile midfielder who can play as an attacking midfielder , in a number 10 role , or as a winger on either flank . He is comfortable on both feet and has a good shot at his disposal . Honours . Twente - KNVB Cup : 2010β11 - Johan Cruyff Shield : 2011 Tottenham Hotspur - Football League Cup runner-up : 2014β15 Belgium - FIFA World Cup third place : 2018 External links . - Nacer Chadli profile at Belgian FA
|
[
"AGOVV Apeldoorn"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nacer Chadli ( born 2 August 1989 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir and the Belgium national team . He began his career in the Eerste Divisie with AGOVV Apeldoorn , and in 2010 , he was transferred to top-flight FC Twente , where he won the KNVB Cup in his first season . In 2013 , Chadli joined Tottenham Hotspur , and three years later he signed for West Bromwich Albion for a club record Β£13 million .",
"title": "Nacer Chadli"
},
{
"text": "Chadli played internationally for Morocco in 2010 as his father is of Moroccan descent , but switched allegiance to Belgium the following year . He has earned over sixty caps for Belgium and represented the nation at the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and 2018 .",
"title": "Nacer Chadli"
},
{
"text": " Chadli played his youth football at JS Thier-à -Liège , Standard Liège and MVV Maastricht . In the summer of 2007 , he was contracted by Dutch second division club AGOVV Apeldoorn , who scouted him at MVVs youth academy . Here he was considered an emerging talent . While Chadli was being tested by AGOVV , he went under the alias Kaliffe , because technical manager Ted van Leeuwen was afraid other clubs would show their interest . Chadli scored his first goal in professional football for AGOVV in a match against FC Volendam .",
"title": "Apeldoorn"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2010 , Chadli signed with FC Twente , and in the ensuing season became a first team player for the then reigning Eredivisie champions . His first Eredivisie goal was the winning one away at title rivals PSV . He made his European and Champions League debut in a 2β2 home draw against Internazionale on 14 September in the competitions group stage .",
"title": "Twente"
},
{
"text": "On 29 September , he scored his first Champions League goal away at Tottenham Hotspur ( 4β1 ) , and on 2 November scored his second at Werder Bremen in a 0β2 away victory . He later scored again in the Champions League against Tottenham from a free-kick on 7 December , the goal securing a draw for Twente at home , 3β3 .",
"title": "Twente"
},
{
"text": "On 21 July 2013 , Tottenham Hotspur agreed a deal with Twente to sign Chadli for a transfer fee of Β£7 million . The club confirmed that subject to agreement of personal terms and a medical , Chadli would join the Spurs squad for pre-season training in Hong Kong . On 23 July , the club confirmed that Chadli had joined the squad which was participating in training sessions prior to the club taking part in the 2013 Premier League Asia Trophy . Chadli finally agreed terms on 26 July and became an official Tottenham player , later making his",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "Spurs debut in a 5β2 friendly defeat to AS Monaco on 3 August . He made his Premier League debut on 18 August , the first match of the 2013β14 season , against Crystal Palace in a 1β0 win , then scored his first Premier League goal on 12 February 2014 , a 0β4 win away to Newcastle United .",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "On 24 August 2014 , the second matchday of the 2014β15 season , Chadli scored twice as Tottenham defeated Queens Park Rangers 4β0 at home . This was the start of a run of good form for Chadli , who went on to score several goals , including one against Tottenhams North London rivals Arsenal . The run of form , however , was cut short by injury , and before he could return to form , tragedy struck his family after his father died . Chadli slowly returned to form , scoring two goals in two matches against Newcastle",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "United and Southampton , respectively , in late April to take his season total to 12 , ten in the Premier League . Chadli increased his tally to 11 Premier League goals by rounding the goalkeeper in a 2β0 victory against Hull City on 16 May 2015 .",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": " On 29 August 2016 , West Bromwich Albion agreed a deal with Tottenham Hotspur to sign Chadli for a club-record transfer fee of Β£13 million . He made his debut in a 1β0 defeat to Bournemouth . Chadli scored twice and got two assists on his home debut , only his second league appearance for the club which ended as a 4β2 win over West Ham United .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "In 2017β18 , Chadli was troubled by recurring thigh injuries and made only three appearances by the end of April in a West Bromwich Albion side that was eventually relegated . Totalling five appearances , he scored once , a free kick in a 1β1 draw at Leicester City on 16 October 2017 .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "On 30 August 2018 , Monaco announced the signing of Chadli on a three-year deal . They paid more than β¬12 million to West Bromwich Albion to secure the services of the multipurpose midfielder . At the club he was united with fellow Belgium national team player , Youri Tielemans . Chadli competed in the Champions League with Monaco . In Ligue 1 , however , he had an unsuccessful season , as Monaco struggled against relegation from the league throughout the competition , only securing it at the end of the season . At Monaco , Chadli played only",
"title": "Monaco"
},
{
"text": "1,058 minutes and neither scored a goal or made an assist in all competitions .",
"title": "Monaco"
},
{
"text": "On 11 August 2019 , Chadli joined Anderlecht on a season-long loan from Monaco after having been sidetracked at the French club . Player-manager Vincent Kompany was able to persuade Chadli in coming to the Belgian First Division A . After Kompany and Simon Mignolet , he was the third Belgian international to return to Belgium to play . Anderlecht took over his entire contract ( more than β¬ 230,000 gross per month ) from Chadli at Monaco . With the experienced Chadli , and a number of other experienced signings , Anderlecht wanted to invest to lift their youngsters",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": "to a higher level .",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": " On 17 August 2019 , he made his debut for Anderlecht in a 4β2 loss to Kortrijk . The match also marked his debut in the highest Belgian division , which he had left at the age of 17 . Despite his injury problems , Chadli was one of the highlights of the club that season . He managed to score eight goals and give five assists in 17 league appearances . However , Anderlecht did not sign him on a permanent deal as the loan expired , as the club did not have the finances .",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": "On 10 September 2020 , Chadli moved to Turkish club Istanbul Basaksehir . He signed a two-year contract with the club , and was assigned jersey number 11 . BaΕakΕehir were the defending SΓΌper Lig champions and had thus qualified directly for the group stage of the Champions League . At the point of signing , he still had one year left of his deal with Monaco , but did not have any prospects of playing time there . At the club , he was reunited with a number of fellow former Premier League players , including Martin Ε krtel and",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": "Demba Ba .",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": " On 8 November , Chadli made his first appearance for BaΕakΕehir , in a league match against GenΓ§lerbirliΔi , after having been injured during the first two months of his tenure at the club . He came on as a substitute for Deniz TΓΌrΓΌΓ§ in the 79th minute , as BaΕakΕehir were down 0β1 . Chadli went on to contribute heavily to his clubs win , giving two assists as the team turned around the game to secure a 2β1 .",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": "A dual citizen of Belgium and Morocco , Chadli was thus able to represent either nation . He made his debut for Morocco side on 17 November 2010 , in a 1β1 friendly draw against Northern Ireland at Windsor Park , and was named man of the match . On 28 January 2011 , however , he announced his intention to represent Belgium at the international level , which was permitted because he had not yet played in a competitive match for Morocco . He made his debut for the Belgian squad for a 9 February friendly match against Finland",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chadli has played as a striker for the Belgian national team , scoring his first international goal in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier against Azerbaijan in the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels on 29 March 2011 . On 26 May 2014 , Chadli scored what would have been his third international goal in a pre-2014 World Cup friendly against Luxembourg . The match , however , was later recognised invalid as coach Marc Wilmots had made seven substitutions instead of the permitted six .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 13 May 2014 , Chadli was named to Belgiums squad for the 2014 World Cup . He started in midfield but was substituted at half time for Dries Mertens in the teams first game of the tournament , a 2β1 win over Algeria in Belo Horizonte .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " In May 2018 he was named to Belgiumβs preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . On 2 July 2018 , Chadli came off the bench to score the winning goal in injury time to lift Belgium to a 3β2 victory over Japan in the round of 16 of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The goal is chosen by the BBC panel as goal of the tournament in the 2018 World Cup .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chadli is a versatile midfielder who can play as an attacking midfielder , in a number 10 role , or as a winger on either flank . He is comfortable on both feet and has a good shot at his disposal .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": " - Nacer Chadli profile at Belgian FA",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nacer_Chadli#P54#1
|
Which team did Nacer Chadli play for in Jun 2010?
|
Nacer Chadli Nacer Chadli ( born 2 August 1989 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir and the Belgium national team . He began his career in the Eerste Divisie with AGOVV Apeldoorn , and in 2010 , he was transferred to top-flight FC Twente , where he won the KNVB Cup in his first season . In 2013 , Chadli joined Tottenham Hotspur , and three years later he signed for West Bromwich Albion for a club record Β£13 million . Chadli played internationally for Morocco in 2010 as his father is of Moroccan descent , but switched allegiance to Belgium the following year . He has earned over sixty caps for Belgium and represented the nation at the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and 2018 . Club career . Apeldoorn . Chadli played his youth football at JS Thier-Γ -LiΓ¨ge , Standard LiΓ¨ge and MVV Maastricht . In the summer of 2007 , he was contracted by Dutch second division club AGOVV Apeldoorn , who scouted him at MVVs youth academy . Here he was considered an emerging talent . While Chadli was being tested by AGOVV , he went under the alias Kaliffe , because technical manager Ted van Leeuwen was afraid other clubs would show their interest . Chadli scored his first goal in professional football for AGOVV in a match against FC Volendam . Twente . In the summer of 2010 , Chadli signed with FC Twente , and in the ensuing season became a first team player for the then reigning Eredivisie champions . His first Eredivisie goal was the winning one away at title rivals PSV . He made his European and Champions League debut in a 2β2 home draw against Internazionale on 14 September in the competitions group stage . On 29 September , he scored his first Champions League goal away at Tottenham Hotspur ( 4β1 ) , and on 2 November scored his second at Werder Bremen in a 0β2 away victory . He later scored again in the Champions League against Tottenham from a free-kick on 7 December , the goal securing a draw for Twente at home , 3β3 . Tottenham Hotspur . On 21 July 2013 , Tottenham Hotspur agreed a deal with Twente to sign Chadli for a transfer fee of Β£7 million . The club confirmed that subject to agreement of personal terms and a medical , Chadli would join the Spurs squad for pre-season training in Hong Kong . On 23 July , the club confirmed that Chadli had joined the squad which was participating in training sessions prior to the club taking part in the 2013 Premier League Asia Trophy . Chadli finally agreed terms on 26 July and became an official Tottenham player , later making his Spurs debut in a 5β2 friendly defeat to AS Monaco on 3 August . He made his Premier League debut on 18 August , the first match of the 2013β14 season , against Crystal Palace in a 1β0 win , then scored his first Premier League goal on 12 February 2014 , a 0β4 win away to Newcastle United . On 24 August 2014 , the second matchday of the 2014β15 season , Chadli scored twice as Tottenham defeated Queens Park Rangers 4β0 at home . This was the start of a run of good form for Chadli , who went on to score several goals , including one against Tottenhams North London rivals Arsenal . The run of form , however , was cut short by injury , and before he could return to form , tragedy struck his family after his father died . Chadli slowly returned to form , scoring two goals in two matches against Newcastle United and Southampton , respectively , in late April to take his season total to 12 , ten in the Premier League . Chadli increased his tally to 11 Premier League goals by rounding the goalkeeper in a 2β0 victory against Hull City on 16 May 2015 . West Bromwich Albion . On 29 August 2016 , West Bromwich Albion agreed a deal with Tottenham Hotspur to sign Chadli for a club-record transfer fee of Β£13 million . He made his debut in a 1β0 defeat to Bournemouth . Chadli scored twice and got two assists on his home debut , only his second league appearance for the club which ended as a 4β2 win over West Ham United . In 2017β18 , Chadli was troubled by recurring thigh injuries and made only three appearances by the end of April in a West Bromwich Albion side that was eventually relegated . Totalling five appearances , he scored once , a free kick in a 1β1 draw at Leicester City on 16 October 2017 . Monaco . On 30 August 2018 , Monaco announced the signing of Chadli on a three-year deal . They paid more than β¬12 million to West Bromwich Albion to secure the services of the multipurpose midfielder . At the club he was united with fellow Belgium national team player , Youri Tielemans . Chadli competed in the Champions League with Monaco . In Ligue 1 , however , he had an unsuccessful season , as Monaco struggled against relegation from the league throughout the competition , only securing it at the end of the season . At Monaco , Chadli played only 1,058 minutes and neither scored a goal or made an assist in all competitions . Loan to Anderlecht . On 11 August 2019 , Chadli joined Anderlecht on a season-long loan from Monaco after having been sidetracked at the French club . Player-manager Vincent Kompany was able to persuade Chadli in coming to the Belgian First Division A . After Kompany and Simon Mignolet , he was the third Belgian international to return to Belgium to play . Anderlecht took over his entire contract ( more than β¬ 230,000 gross per month ) from Chadli at Monaco . With the experienced Chadli , and a number of other experienced signings , Anderlecht wanted to invest to lift their youngsters to a higher level . On 17 August 2019 , he made his debut for Anderlecht in a 4β2 loss to Kortrijk . The match also marked his debut in the highest Belgian division , which he had left at the age of 17 . Despite his injury problems , Chadli was one of the highlights of the club that season . He managed to score eight goals and give five assists in 17 league appearances . However , Anderlecht did not sign him on a permanent deal as the loan expired , as the club did not have the finances . Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir . On 10 September 2020 , Chadli moved to Turkish club Istanbul Basaksehir . He signed a two-year contract with the club , and was assigned jersey number 11 . BaΕakΕehir were the defending SΓΌper Lig champions and had thus qualified directly for the group stage of the Champions League . At the point of signing , he still had one year left of his deal with Monaco , but did not have any prospects of playing time there . At the club , he was reunited with a number of fellow former Premier League players , including Martin Ε krtel and Demba Ba . On 8 November , Chadli made his first appearance for BaΕakΕehir , in a league match against GenΓ§lerbirliΔi , after having been injured during the first two months of his tenure at the club . He came on as a substitute for Deniz TΓΌrΓΌΓ§ in the 79th minute , as BaΕakΕehir were down 0β1 . Chadli went on to contribute heavily to his clubs win , giving two assists as the team turned around the game to secure a 2β1 . International career . A dual citizen of Belgium and Morocco , Chadli was thus able to represent either nation . He made his debut for Morocco side on 17 November 2010 , in a 1β1 friendly draw against Northern Ireland at Windsor Park , and was named man of the match . On 28 January 2011 , however , he announced his intention to represent Belgium at the international level , which was permitted because he had not yet played in a competitive match for Morocco . He made his debut for the Belgian squad for a 9 February friendly match against Finland . Chadli has played as a striker for the Belgian national team , scoring his first international goal in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier against Azerbaijan in the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels on 29 March 2011 . On 26 May 2014 , Chadli scored what would have been his third international goal in a pre-2014 World Cup friendly against Luxembourg . The match , however , was later recognised invalid as coach Marc Wilmots had made seven substitutions instead of the permitted six . On 13 May 2014 , Chadli was named to Belgiums squad for the 2014 World Cup . He started in midfield but was substituted at half time for Dries Mertens in the teams first game of the tournament , a 2β1 win over Algeria in Belo Horizonte . In May 2018 he was named to Belgiumβs preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . On 2 July 2018 , Chadli came off the bench to score the winning goal in injury time to lift Belgium to a 3β2 victory over Japan in the round of 16 of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The goal is chosen by the BBC panel as goal of the tournament in the 2018 World Cup . Style of play . Chadli is a versatile midfielder who can play as an attacking midfielder , in a number 10 role , or as a winger on either flank . He is comfortable on both feet and has a good shot at his disposal . Honours . Twente - KNVB Cup : 2010β11 - Johan Cruyff Shield : 2011 Tottenham Hotspur - Football League Cup runner-up : 2014β15 Belgium - FIFA World Cup third place : 2018 External links . - Nacer Chadli profile at Belgian FA
|
[
"FC Twente"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nacer Chadli ( born 2 August 1989 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir and the Belgium national team . He began his career in the Eerste Divisie with AGOVV Apeldoorn , and in 2010 , he was transferred to top-flight FC Twente , where he won the KNVB Cup in his first season . In 2013 , Chadli joined Tottenham Hotspur , and three years later he signed for West Bromwich Albion for a club record Β£13 million .",
"title": "Nacer Chadli"
},
{
"text": "Chadli played internationally for Morocco in 2010 as his father is of Moroccan descent , but switched allegiance to Belgium the following year . He has earned over sixty caps for Belgium and represented the nation at the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and 2018 .",
"title": "Nacer Chadli"
},
{
"text": " Chadli played his youth football at JS Thier-à -Liège , Standard Liège and MVV Maastricht . In the summer of 2007 , he was contracted by Dutch second division club AGOVV Apeldoorn , who scouted him at MVVs youth academy . Here he was considered an emerging talent . While Chadli was being tested by AGOVV , he went under the alias Kaliffe , because technical manager Ted van Leeuwen was afraid other clubs would show their interest . Chadli scored his first goal in professional football for AGOVV in a match against FC Volendam .",
"title": "Apeldoorn"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2010 , Chadli signed with FC Twente , and in the ensuing season became a first team player for the then reigning Eredivisie champions . His first Eredivisie goal was the winning one away at title rivals PSV . He made his European and Champions League debut in a 2β2 home draw against Internazionale on 14 September in the competitions group stage .",
"title": "Twente"
},
{
"text": "On 29 September , he scored his first Champions League goal away at Tottenham Hotspur ( 4β1 ) , and on 2 November scored his second at Werder Bremen in a 0β2 away victory . He later scored again in the Champions League against Tottenham from a free-kick on 7 December , the goal securing a draw for Twente at home , 3β3 .",
"title": "Twente"
},
{
"text": "On 21 July 2013 , Tottenham Hotspur agreed a deal with Twente to sign Chadli for a transfer fee of Β£7 million . The club confirmed that subject to agreement of personal terms and a medical , Chadli would join the Spurs squad for pre-season training in Hong Kong . On 23 July , the club confirmed that Chadli had joined the squad which was participating in training sessions prior to the club taking part in the 2013 Premier League Asia Trophy . Chadli finally agreed terms on 26 July and became an official Tottenham player , later making his",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "Spurs debut in a 5β2 friendly defeat to AS Monaco on 3 August . He made his Premier League debut on 18 August , the first match of the 2013β14 season , against Crystal Palace in a 1β0 win , then scored his first Premier League goal on 12 February 2014 , a 0β4 win away to Newcastle United .",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "On 24 August 2014 , the second matchday of the 2014β15 season , Chadli scored twice as Tottenham defeated Queens Park Rangers 4β0 at home . This was the start of a run of good form for Chadli , who went on to score several goals , including one against Tottenhams North London rivals Arsenal . The run of form , however , was cut short by injury , and before he could return to form , tragedy struck his family after his father died . Chadli slowly returned to form , scoring two goals in two matches against Newcastle",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "United and Southampton , respectively , in late April to take his season total to 12 , ten in the Premier League . Chadli increased his tally to 11 Premier League goals by rounding the goalkeeper in a 2β0 victory against Hull City on 16 May 2015 .",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": " On 29 August 2016 , West Bromwich Albion agreed a deal with Tottenham Hotspur to sign Chadli for a club-record transfer fee of Β£13 million . He made his debut in a 1β0 defeat to Bournemouth . Chadli scored twice and got two assists on his home debut , only his second league appearance for the club which ended as a 4β2 win over West Ham United .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "In 2017β18 , Chadli was troubled by recurring thigh injuries and made only three appearances by the end of April in a West Bromwich Albion side that was eventually relegated . Totalling five appearances , he scored once , a free kick in a 1β1 draw at Leicester City on 16 October 2017 .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "On 30 August 2018 , Monaco announced the signing of Chadli on a three-year deal . They paid more than β¬12 million to West Bromwich Albion to secure the services of the multipurpose midfielder . At the club he was united with fellow Belgium national team player , Youri Tielemans . Chadli competed in the Champions League with Monaco . In Ligue 1 , however , he had an unsuccessful season , as Monaco struggled against relegation from the league throughout the competition , only securing it at the end of the season . At Monaco , Chadli played only",
"title": "Monaco"
},
{
"text": "1,058 minutes and neither scored a goal or made an assist in all competitions .",
"title": "Monaco"
},
{
"text": "On 11 August 2019 , Chadli joined Anderlecht on a season-long loan from Monaco after having been sidetracked at the French club . Player-manager Vincent Kompany was able to persuade Chadli in coming to the Belgian First Division A . After Kompany and Simon Mignolet , he was the third Belgian international to return to Belgium to play . Anderlecht took over his entire contract ( more than β¬ 230,000 gross per month ) from Chadli at Monaco . With the experienced Chadli , and a number of other experienced signings , Anderlecht wanted to invest to lift their youngsters",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": "to a higher level .",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": " On 17 August 2019 , he made his debut for Anderlecht in a 4β2 loss to Kortrijk . The match also marked his debut in the highest Belgian division , which he had left at the age of 17 . Despite his injury problems , Chadli was one of the highlights of the club that season . He managed to score eight goals and give five assists in 17 league appearances . However , Anderlecht did not sign him on a permanent deal as the loan expired , as the club did not have the finances .",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": "On 10 September 2020 , Chadli moved to Turkish club Istanbul Basaksehir . He signed a two-year contract with the club , and was assigned jersey number 11 . BaΕakΕehir were the defending SΓΌper Lig champions and had thus qualified directly for the group stage of the Champions League . At the point of signing , he still had one year left of his deal with Monaco , but did not have any prospects of playing time there . At the club , he was reunited with a number of fellow former Premier League players , including Martin Ε krtel and",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": "Demba Ba .",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": " On 8 November , Chadli made his first appearance for BaΕakΕehir , in a league match against GenΓ§lerbirliΔi , after having been injured during the first two months of his tenure at the club . He came on as a substitute for Deniz TΓΌrΓΌΓ§ in the 79th minute , as BaΕakΕehir were down 0β1 . Chadli went on to contribute heavily to his clubs win , giving two assists as the team turned around the game to secure a 2β1 .",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": "A dual citizen of Belgium and Morocco , Chadli was thus able to represent either nation . He made his debut for Morocco side on 17 November 2010 , in a 1β1 friendly draw against Northern Ireland at Windsor Park , and was named man of the match . On 28 January 2011 , however , he announced his intention to represent Belgium at the international level , which was permitted because he had not yet played in a competitive match for Morocco . He made his debut for the Belgian squad for a 9 February friendly match against Finland",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chadli has played as a striker for the Belgian national team , scoring his first international goal in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier against Azerbaijan in the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels on 29 March 2011 . On 26 May 2014 , Chadli scored what would have been his third international goal in a pre-2014 World Cup friendly against Luxembourg . The match , however , was later recognised invalid as coach Marc Wilmots had made seven substitutions instead of the permitted six .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 13 May 2014 , Chadli was named to Belgiums squad for the 2014 World Cup . He started in midfield but was substituted at half time for Dries Mertens in the teams first game of the tournament , a 2β1 win over Algeria in Belo Horizonte .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " In May 2018 he was named to Belgiumβs preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . On 2 July 2018 , Chadli came off the bench to score the winning goal in injury time to lift Belgium to a 3β2 victory over Japan in the round of 16 of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The goal is chosen by the BBC panel as goal of the tournament in the 2018 World Cup .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chadli is a versatile midfielder who can play as an attacking midfielder , in a number 10 role , or as a winger on either flank . He is comfortable on both feet and has a good shot at his disposal .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": " - Nacer Chadli profile at Belgian FA",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nacer_Chadli#P54#2
|
Which team did Nacer Chadli play for in Jun 2012?
|
Nacer Chadli Nacer Chadli ( born 2 August 1989 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir and the Belgium national team . He began his career in the Eerste Divisie with AGOVV Apeldoorn , and in 2010 , he was transferred to top-flight FC Twente , where he won the KNVB Cup in his first season . In 2013 , Chadli joined Tottenham Hotspur , and three years later he signed for West Bromwich Albion for a club record Β£13 million . Chadli played internationally for Morocco in 2010 as his father is of Moroccan descent , but switched allegiance to Belgium the following year . He has earned over sixty caps for Belgium and represented the nation at the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and 2018 . Club career . Apeldoorn . Chadli played his youth football at JS Thier-Γ -LiΓ¨ge , Standard LiΓ¨ge and MVV Maastricht . In the summer of 2007 , he was contracted by Dutch second division club AGOVV Apeldoorn , who scouted him at MVVs youth academy . Here he was considered an emerging talent . While Chadli was being tested by AGOVV , he went under the alias Kaliffe , because technical manager Ted van Leeuwen was afraid other clubs would show their interest . Chadli scored his first goal in professional football for AGOVV in a match against FC Volendam . Twente . In the summer of 2010 , Chadli signed with FC Twente , and in the ensuing season became a first team player for the then reigning Eredivisie champions . His first Eredivisie goal was the winning one away at title rivals PSV . He made his European and Champions League debut in a 2β2 home draw against Internazionale on 14 September in the competitions group stage . On 29 September , he scored his first Champions League goal away at Tottenham Hotspur ( 4β1 ) , and on 2 November scored his second at Werder Bremen in a 0β2 away victory . He later scored again in the Champions League against Tottenham from a free-kick on 7 December , the goal securing a draw for Twente at home , 3β3 . Tottenham Hotspur . On 21 July 2013 , Tottenham Hotspur agreed a deal with Twente to sign Chadli for a transfer fee of Β£7 million . The club confirmed that subject to agreement of personal terms and a medical , Chadli would join the Spurs squad for pre-season training in Hong Kong . On 23 July , the club confirmed that Chadli had joined the squad which was participating in training sessions prior to the club taking part in the 2013 Premier League Asia Trophy . Chadli finally agreed terms on 26 July and became an official Tottenham player , later making his Spurs debut in a 5β2 friendly defeat to AS Monaco on 3 August . He made his Premier League debut on 18 August , the first match of the 2013β14 season , against Crystal Palace in a 1β0 win , then scored his first Premier League goal on 12 February 2014 , a 0β4 win away to Newcastle United . On 24 August 2014 , the second matchday of the 2014β15 season , Chadli scored twice as Tottenham defeated Queens Park Rangers 4β0 at home . This was the start of a run of good form for Chadli , who went on to score several goals , including one against Tottenhams North London rivals Arsenal . The run of form , however , was cut short by injury , and before he could return to form , tragedy struck his family after his father died . Chadli slowly returned to form , scoring two goals in two matches against Newcastle United and Southampton , respectively , in late April to take his season total to 12 , ten in the Premier League . Chadli increased his tally to 11 Premier League goals by rounding the goalkeeper in a 2β0 victory against Hull City on 16 May 2015 . West Bromwich Albion . On 29 August 2016 , West Bromwich Albion agreed a deal with Tottenham Hotspur to sign Chadli for a club-record transfer fee of Β£13 million . He made his debut in a 1β0 defeat to Bournemouth . Chadli scored twice and got two assists on his home debut , only his second league appearance for the club which ended as a 4β2 win over West Ham United . In 2017β18 , Chadli was troubled by recurring thigh injuries and made only three appearances by the end of April in a West Bromwich Albion side that was eventually relegated . Totalling five appearances , he scored once , a free kick in a 1β1 draw at Leicester City on 16 October 2017 . Monaco . On 30 August 2018 , Monaco announced the signing of Chadli on a three-year deal . They paid more than β¬12 million to West Bromwich Albion to secure the services of the multipurpose midfielder . At the club he was united with fellow Belgium national team player , Youri Tielemans . Chadli competed in the Champions League with Monaco . In Ligue 1 , however , he had an unsuccessful season , as Monaco struggled against relegation from the league throughout the competition , only securing it at the end of the season . At Monaco , Chadli played only 1,058 minutes and neither scored a goal or made an assist in all competitions . Loan to Anderlecht . On 11 August 2019 , Chadli joined Anderlecht on a season-long loan from Monaco after having been sidetracked at the French club . Player-manager Vincent Kompany was able to persuade Chadli in coming to the Belgian First Division A . After Kompany and Simon Mignolet , he was the third Belgian international to return to Belgium to play . Anderlecht took over his entire contract ( more than β¬ 230,000 gross per month ) from Chadli at Monaco . With the experienced Chadli , and a number of other experienced signings , Anderlecht wanted to invest to lift their youngsters to a higher level . On 17 August 2019 , he made his debut for Anderlecht in a 4β2 loss to Kortrijk . The match also marked his debut in the highest Belgian division , which he had left at the age of 17 . Despite his injury problems , Chadli was one of the highlights of the club that season . He managed to score eight goals and give five assists in 17 league appearances . However , Anderlecht did not sign him on a permanent deal as the loan expired , as the club did not have the finances . Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir . On 10 September 2020 , Chadli moved to Turkish club Istanbul Basaksehir . He signed a two-year contract with the club , and was assigned jersey number 11 . BaΕakΕehir were the defending SΓΌper Lig champions and had thus qualified directly for the group stage of the Champions League . At the point of signing , he still had one year left of his deal with Monaco , but did not have any prospects of playing time there . At the club , he was reunited with a number of fellow former Premier League players , including Martin Ε krtel and Demba Ba . On 8 November , Chadli made his first appearance for BaΕakΕehir , in a league match against GenΓ§lerbirliΔi , after having been injured during the first two months of his tenure at the club . He came on as a substitute for Deniz TΓΌrΓΌΓ§ in the 79th minute , as BaΕakΕehir were down 0β1 . Chadli went on to contribute heavily to his clubs win , giving two assists as the team turned around the game to secure a 2β1 . International career . A dual citizen of Belgium and Morocco , Chadli was thus able to represent either nation . He made his debut for Morocco side on 17 November 2010 , in a 1β1 friendly draw against Northern Ireland at Windsor Park , and was named man of the match . On 28 January 2011 , however , he announced his intention to represent Belgium at the international level , which was permitted because he had not yet played in a competitive match for Morocco . He made his debut for the Belgian squad for a 9 February friendly match against Finland . Chadli has played as a striker for the Belgian national team , scoring his first international goal in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier against Azerbaijan in the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels on 29 March 2011 . On 26 May 2014 , Chadli scored what would have been his third international goal in a pre-2014 World Cup friendly against Luxembourg . The match , however , was later recognised invalid as coach Marc Wilmots had made seven substitutions instead of the permitted six . On 13 May 2014 , Chadli was named to Belgiums squad for the 2014 World Cup . He started in midfield but was substituted at half time for Dries Mertens in the teams first game of the tournament , a 2β1 win over Algeria in Belo Horizonte . In May 2018 he was named to Belgiumβs preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . On 2 July 2018 , Chadli came off the bench to score the winning goal in injury time to lift Belgium to a 3β2 victory over Japan in the round of 16 of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The goal is chosen by the BBC panel as goal of the tournament in the 2018 World Cup . Style of play . Chadli is a versatile midfielder who can play as an attacking midfielder , in a number 10 role , or as a winger on either flank . He is comfortable on both feet and has a good shot at his disposal . Honours . Twente - KNVB Cup : 2010β11 - Johan Cruyff Shield : 2011 Tottenham Hotspur - Football League Cup runner-up : 2014β15 Belgium - FIFA World Cup third place : 2018 External links . - Nacer Chadli profile at Belgian FA
|
[
"Belgian national team",
"FC Twente"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nacer Chadli ( born 2 August 1989 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir and the Belgium national team . He began his career in the Eerste Divisie with AGOVV Apeldoorn , and in 2010 , he was transferred to top-flight FC Twente , where he won the KNVB Cup in his first season . In 2013 , Chadli joined Tottenham Hotspur , and three years later he signed for West Bromwich Albion for a club record Β£13 million .",
"title": "Nacer Chadli"
},
{
"text": "Chadli played internationally for Morocco in 2010 as his father is of Moroccan descent , but switched allegiance to Belgium the following year . He has earned over sixty caps for Belgium and represented the nation at the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and 2018 .",
"title": "Nacer Chadli"
},
{
"text": " Chadli played his youth football at JS Thier-à -Liège , Standard Liège and MVV Maastricht . In the summer of 2007 , he was contracted by Dutch second division club AGOVV Apeldoorn , who scouted him at MVVs youth academy . Here he was considered an emerging talent . While Chadli was being tested by AGOVV , he went under the alias Kaliffe , because technical manager Ted van Leeuwen was afraid other clubs would show their interest . Chadli scored his first goal in professional football for AGOVV in a match against FC Volendam .",
"title": "Apeldoorn"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2010 , Chadli signed with FC Twente , and in the ensuing season became a first team player for the then reigning Eredivisie champions . His first Eredivisie goal was the winning one away at title rivals PSV . He made his European and Champions League debut in a 2β2 home draw against Internazionale on 14 September in the competitions group stage .",
"title": "Twente"
},
{
"text": "On 29 September , he scored his first Champions League goal away at Tottenham Hotspur ( 4β1 ) , and on 2 November scored his second at Werder Bremen in a 0β2 away victory . He later scored again in the Champions League against Tottenham from a free-kick on 7 December , the goal securing a draw for Twente at home , 3β3 .",
"title": "Twente"
},
{
"text": "On 21 July 2013 , Tottenham Hotspur agreed a deal with Twente to sign Chadli for a transfer fee of Β£7 million . The club confirmed that subject to agreement of personal terms and a medical , Chadli would join the Spurs squad for pre-season training in Hong Kong . On 23 July , the club confirmed that Chadli had joined the squad which was participating in training sessions prior to the club taking part in the 2013 Premier League Asia Trophy . Chadli finally agreed terms on 26 July and became an official Tottenham player , later making his",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "Spurs debut in a 5β2 friendly defeat to AS Monaco on 3 August . He made his Premier League debut on 18 August , the first match of the 2013β14 season , against Crystal Palace in a 1β0 win , then scored his first Premier League goal on 12 February 2014 , a 0β4 win away to Newcastle United .",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "On 24 August 2014 , the second matchday of the 2014β15 season , Chadli scored twice as Tottenham defeated Queens Park Rangers 4β0 at home . This was the start of a run of good form for Chadli , who went on to score several goals , including one against Tottenhams North London rivals Arsenal . The run of form , however , was cut short by injury , and before he could return to form , tragedy struck his family after his father died . Chadli slowly returned to form , scoring two goals in two matches against Newcastle",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "United and Southampton , respectively , in late April to take his season total to 12 , ten in the Premier League . Chadli increased his tally to 11 Premier League goals by rounding the goalkeeper in a 2β0 victory against Hull City on 16 May 2015 .",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": " On 29 August 2016 , West Bromwich Albion agreed a deal with Tottenham Hotspur to sign Chadli for a club-record transfer fee of Β£13 million . He made his debut in a 1β0 defeat to Bournemouth . Chadli scored twice and got two assists on his home debut , only his second league appearance for the club which ended as a 4β2 win over West Ham United .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "In 2017β18 , Chadli was troubled by recurring thigh injuries and made only three appearances by the end of April in a West Bromwich Albion side that was eventually relegated . Totalling five appearances , he scored once , a free kick in a 1β1 draw at Leicester City on 16 October 2017 .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "On 30 August 2018 , Monaco announced the signing of Chadli on a three-year deal . They paid more than β¬12 million to West Bromwich Albion to secure the services of the multipurpose midfielder . At the club he was united with fellow Belgium national team player , Youri Tielemans . Chadli competed in the Champions League with Monaco . In Ligue 1 , however , he had an unsuccessful season , as Monaco struggled against relegation from the league throughout the competition , only securing it at the end of the season . At Monaco , Chadli played only",
"title": "Monaco"
},
{
"text": "1,058 minutes and neither scored a goal or made an assist in all competitions .",
"title": "Monaco"
},
{
"text": "On 11 August 2019 , Chadli joined Anderlecht on a season-long loan from Monaco after having been sidetracked at the French club . Player-manager Vincent Kompany was able to persuade Chadli in coming to the Belgian First Division A . After Kompany and Simon Mignolet , he was the third Belgian international to return to Belgium to play . Anderlecht took over his entire contract ( more than β¬ 230,000 gross per month ) from Chadli at Monaco . With the experienced Chadli , and a number of other experienced signings , Anderlecht wanted to invest to lift their youngsters",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": "to a higher level .",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": " On 17 August 2019 , he made his debut for Anderlecht in a 4β2 loss to Kortrijk . The match also marked his debut in the highest Belgian division , which he had left at the age of 17 . Despite his injury problems , Chadli was one of the highlights of the club that season . He managed to score eight goals and give five assists in 17 league appearances . However , Anderlecht did not sign him on a permanent deal as the loan expired , as the club did not have the finances .",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": "On 10 September 2020 , Chadli moved to Turkish club Istanbul Basaksehir . He signed a two-year contract with the club , and was assigned jersey number 11 . BaΕakΕehir were the defending SΓΌper Lig champions and had thus qualified directly for the group stage of the Champions League . At the point of signing , he still had one year left of his deal with Monaco , but did not have any prospects of playing time there . At the club , he was reunited with a number of fellow former Premier League players , including Martin Ε krtel and",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": "Demba Ba .",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": " On 8 November , Chadli made his first appearance for BaΕakΕehir , in a league match against GenΓ§lerbirliΔi , after having been injured during the first two months of his tenure at the club . He came on as a substitute for Deniz TΓΌrΓΌΓ§ in the 79th minute , as BaΕakΕehir were down 0β1 . Chadli went on to contribute heavily to his clubs win , giving two assists as the team turned around the game to secure a 2β1 .",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": "A dual citizen of Belgium and Morocco , Chadli was thus able to represent either nation . He made his debut for Morocco side on 17 November 2010 , in a 1β1 friendly draw against Northern Ireland at Windsor Park , and was named man of the match . On 28 January 2011 , however , he announced his intention to represent Belgium at the international level , which was permitted because he had not yet played in a competitive match for Morocco . He made his debut for the Belgian squad for a 9 February friendly match against Finland",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chadli has played as a striker for the Belgian national team , scoring his first international goal in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier against Azerbaijan in the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels on 29 March 2011 . On 26 May 2014 , Chadli scored what would have been his third international goal in a pre-2014 World Cup friendly against Luxembourg . The match , however , was later recognised invalid as coach Marc Wilmots had made seven substitutions instead of the permitted six .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 13 May 2014 , Chadli was named to Belgiums squad for the 2014 World Cup . He started in midfield but was substituted at half time for Dries Mertens in the teams first game of the tournament , a 2β1 win over Algeria in Belo Horizonte .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " In May 2018 he was named to Belgiumβs preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . On 2 July 2018 , Chadli came off the bench to score the winning goal in injury time to lift Belgium to a 3β2 victory over Japan in the round of 16 of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The goal is chosen by the BBC panel as goal of the tournament in the 2018 World Cup .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chadli is a versatile midfielder who can play as an attacking midfielder , in a number 10 role , or as a winger on either flank . He is comfortable on both feet and has a good shot at his disposal .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": " - Nacer Chadli profile at Belgian FA",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nacer_Chadli#P54#3
|
Which team did Nacer Chadli play for in Jul 2013?
|
Nacer Chadli Nacer Chadli ( born 2 August 1989 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir and the Belgium national team . He began his career in the Eerste Divisie with AGOVV Apeldoorn , and in 2010 , he was transferred to top-flight FC Twente , where he won the KNVB Cup in his first season . In 2013 , Chadli joined Tottenham Hotspur , and three years later he signed for West Bromwich Albion for a club record Β£13 million . Chadli played internationally for Morocco in 2010 as his father is of Moroccan descent , but switched allegiance to Belgium the following year . He has earned over sixty caps for Belgium and represented the nation at the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and 2018 . Club career . Apeldoorn . Chadli played his youth football at JS Thier-Γ -LiΓ¨ge , Standard LiΓ¨ge and MVV Maastricht . In the summer of 2007 , he was contracted by Dutch second division club AGOVV Apeldoorn , who scouted him at MVVs youth academy . Here he was considered an emerging talent . While Chadli was being tested by AGOVV , he went under the alias Kaliffe , because technical manager Ted van Leeuwen was afraid other clubs would show their interest . Chadli scored his first goal in professional football for AGOVV in a match against FC Volendam . Twente . In the summer of 2010 , Chadli signed with FC Twente , and in the ensuing season became a first team player for the then reigning Eredivisie champions . His first Eredivisie goal was the winning one away at title rivals PSV . He made his European and Champions League debut in a 2β2 home draw against Internazionale on 14 September in the competitions group stage . On 29 September , he scored his first Champions League goal away at Tottenham Hotspur ( 4β1 ) , and on 2 November scored his second at Werder Bremen in a 0β2 away victory . He later scored again in the Champions League against Tottenham from a free-kick on 7 December , the goal securing a draw for Twente at home , 3β3 . Tottenham Hotspur . On 21 July 2013 , Tottenham Hotspur agreed a deal with Twente to sign Chadli for a transfer fee of Β£7 million . The club confirmed that subject to agreement of personal terms and a medical , Chadli would join the Spurs squad for pre-season training in Hong Kong . On 23 July , the club confirmed that Chadli had joined the squad which was participating in training sessions prior to the club taking part in the 2013 Premier League Asia Trophy . Chadli finally agreed terms on 26 July and became an official Tottenham player , later making his Spurs debut in a 5β2 friendly defeat to AS Monaco on 3 August . He made his Premier League debut on 18 August , the first match of the 2013β14 season , against Crystal Palace in a 1β0 win , then scored his first Premier League goal on 12 February 2014 , a 0β4 win away to Newcastle United . On 24 August 2014 , the second matchday of the 2014β15 season , Chadli scored twice as Tottenham defeated Queens Park Rangers 4β0 at home . This was the start of a run of good form for Chadli , who went on to score several goals , including one against Tottenhams North London rivals Arsenal . The run of form , however , was cut short by injury , and before he could return to form , tragedy struck his family after his father died . Chadli slowly returned to form , scoring two goals in two matches against Newcastle United and Southampton , respectively , in late April to take his season total to 12 , ten in the Premier League . Chadli increased his tally to 11 Premier League goals by rounding the goalkeeper in a 2β0 victory against Hull City on 16 May 2015 . West Bromwich Albion . On 29 August 2016 , West Bromwich Albion agreed a deal with Tottenham Hotspur to sign Chadli for a club-record transfer fee of Β£13 million . He made his debut in a 1β0 defeat to Bournemouth . Chadli scored twice and got two assists on his home debut , only his second league appearance for the club which ended as a 4β2 win over West Ham United . In 2017β18 , Chadli was troubled by recurring thigh injuries and made only three appearances by the end of April in a West Bromwich Albion side that was eventually relegated . Totalling five appearances , he scored once , a free kick in a 1β1 draw at Leicester City on 16 October 2017 . Monaco . On 30 August 2018 , Monaco announced the signing of Chadli on a three-year deal . They paid more than β¬12 million to West Bromwich Albion to secure the services of the multipurpose midfielder . At the club he was united with fellow Belgium national team player , Youri Tielemans . Chadli competed in the Champions League with Monaco . In Ligue 1 , however , he had an unsuccessful season , as Monaco struggled against relegation from the league throughout the competition , only securing it at the end of the season . At Monaco , Chadli played only 1,058 minutes and neither scored a goal or made an assist in all competitions . Loan to Anderlecht . On 11 August 2019 , Chadli joined Anderlecht on a season-long loan from Monaco after having been sidetracked at the French club . Player-manager Vincent Kompany was able to persuade Chadli in coming to the Belgian First Division A . After Kompany and Simon Mignolet , he was the third Belgian international to return to Belgium to play . Anderlecht took over his entire contract ( more than β¬ 230,000 gross per month ) from Chadli at Monaco . With the experienced Chadli , and a number of other experienced signings , Anderlecht wanted to invest to lift their youngsters to a higher level . On 17 August 2019 , he made his debut for Anderlecht in a 4β2 loss to Kortrijk . The match also marked his debut in the highest Belgian division , which he had left at the age of 17 . Despite his injury problems , Chadli was one of the highlights of the club that season . He managed to score eight goals and give five assists in 17 league appearances . However , Anderlecht did not sign him on a permanent deal as the loan expired , as the club did not have the finances . Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir . On 10 September 2020 , Chadli moved to Turkish club Istanbul Basaksehir . He signed a two-year contract with the club , and was assigned jersey number 11 . BaΕakΕehir were the defending SΓΌper Lig champions and had thus qualified directly for the group stage of the Champions League . At the point of signing , he still had one year left of his deal with Monaco , but did not have any prospects of playing time there . At the club , he was reunited with a number of fellow former Premier League players , including Martin Ε krtel and Demba Ba . On 8 November , Chadli made his first appearance for BaΕakΕehir , in a league match against GenΓ§lerbirliΔi , after having been injured during the first two months of his tenure at the club . He came on as a substitute for Deniz TΓΌrΓΌΓ§ in the 79th minute , as BaΕakΕehir were down 0β1 . Chadli went on to contribute heavily to his clubs win , giving two assists as the team turned around the game to secure a 2β1 . International career . A dual citizen of Belgium and Morocco , Chadli was thus able to represent either nation . He made his debut for Morocco side on 17 November 2010 , in a 1β1 friendly draw against Northern Ireland at Windsor Park , and was named man of the match . On 28 January 2011 , however , he announced his intention to represent Belgium at the international level , which was permitted because he had not yet played in a competitive match for Morocco . He made his debut for the Belgian squad for a 9 February friendly match against Finland . Chadli has played as a striker for the Belgian national team , scoring his first international goal in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier against Azerbaijan in the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels on 29 March 2011 . On 26 May 2014 , Chadli scored what would have been his third international goal in a pre-2014 World Cup friendly against Luxembourg . The match , however , was later recognised invalid as coach Marc Wilmots had made seven substitutions instead of the permitted six . On 13 May 2014 , Chadli was named to Belgiums squad for the 2014 World Cup . He started in midfield but was substituted at half time for Dries Mertens in the teams first game of the tournament , a 2β1 win over Algeria in Belo Horizonte . In May 2018 he was named to Belgiumβs preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . On 2 July 2018 , Chadli came off the bench to score the winning goal in injury time to lift Belgium to a 3β2 victory over Japan in the round of 16 of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The goal is chosen by the BBC panel as goal of the tournament in the 2018 World Cup . Style of play . Chadli is a versatile midfielder who can play as an attacking midfielder , in a number 10 role , or as a winger on either flank . He is comfortable on both feet and has a good shot at his disposal . Honours . Twente - KNVB Cup : 2010β11 - Johan Cruyff Shield : 2011 Tottenham Hotspur - Football League Cup runner-up : 2014β15 Belgium - FIFA World Cup third place : 2018 External links . - Nacer Chadli profile at Belgian FA
|
[
"Belgian national team",
"Tottenham Hotspur"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nacer Chadli ( born 2 August 1989 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir and the Belgium national team . He began his career in the Eerste Divisie with AGOVV Apeldoorn , and in 2010 , he was transferred to top-flight FC Twente , where he won the KNVB Cup in his first season . In 2013 , Chadli joined Tottenham Hotspur , and three years later he signed for West Bromwich Albion for a club record Β£13 million .",
"title": "Nacer Chadli"
},
{
"text": "Chadli played internationally for Morocco in 2010 as his father is of Moroccan descent , but switched allegiance to Belgium the following year . He has earned over sixty caps for Belgium and represented the nation at the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and 2018 .",
"title": "Nacer Chadli"
},
{
"text": " Chadli played his youth football at JS Thier-à -Liège , Standard Liège and MVV Maastricht . In the summer of 2007 , he was contracted by Dutch second division club AGOVV Apeldoorn , who scouted him at MVVs youth academy . Here he was considered an emerging talent . While Chadli was being tested by AGOVV , he went under the alias Kaliffe , because technical manager Ted van Leeuwen was afraid other clubs would show their interest . Chadli scored his first goal in professional football for AGOVV in a match against FC Volendam .",
"title": "Apeldoorn"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2010 , Chadli signed with FC Twente , and in the ensuing season became a first team player for the then reigning Eredivisie champions . His first Eredivisie goal was the winning one away at title rivals PSV . He made his European and Champions League debut in a 2β2 home draw against Internazionale on 14 September in the competitions group stage .",
"title": "Twente"
},
{
"text": "On 29 September , he scored his first Champions League goal away at Tottenham Hotspur ( 4β1 ) , and on 2 November scored his second at Werder Bremen in a 0β2 away victory . He later scored again in the Champions League against Tottenham from a free-kick on 7 December , the goal securing a draw for Twente at home , 3β3 .",
"title": "Twente"
},
{
"text": "On 21 July 2013 , Tottenham Hotspur agreed a deal with Twente to sign Chadli for a transfer fee of Β£7 million . The club confirmed that subject to agreement of personal terms and a medical , Chadli would join the Spurs squad for pre-season training in Hong Kong . On 23 July , the club confirmed that Chadli had joined the squad which was participating in training sessions prior to the club taking part in the 2013 Premier League Asia Trophy . Chadli finally agreed terms on 26 July and became an official Tottenham player , later making his",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "Spurs debut in a 5β2 friendly defeat to AS Monaco on 3 August . He made his Premier League debut on 18 August , the first match of the 2013β14 season , against Crystal Palace in a 1β0 win , then scored his first Premier League goal on 12 February 2014 , a 0β4 win away to Newcastle United .",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "On 24 August 2014 , the second matchday of the 2014β15 season , Chadli scored twice as Tottenham defeated Queens Park Rangers 4β0 at home . This was the start of a run of good form for Chadli , who went on to score several goals , including one against Tottenhams North London rivals Arsenal . The run of form , however , was cut short by injury , and before he could return to form , tragedy struck his family after his father died . Chadli slowly returned to form , scoring two goals in two matches against Newcastle",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": "United and Southampton , respectively , in late April to take his season total to 12 , ten in the Premier League . Chadli increased his tally to 11 Premier League goals by rounding the goalkeeper in a 2β0 victory against Hull City on 16 May 2015 .",
"title": "Tottenham Hotspur"
},
{
"text": " On 29 August 2016 , West Bromwich Albion agreed a deal with Tottenham Hotspur to sign Chadli for a club-record transfer fee of Β£13 million . He made his debut in a 1β0 defeat to Bournemouth . Chadli scored twice and got two assists on his home debut , only his second league appearance for the club which ended as a 4β2 win over West Ham United .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "In 2017β18 , Chadli was troubled by recurring thigh injuries and made only three appearances by the end of April in a West Bromwich Albion side that was eventually relegated . Totalling five appearances , he scored once , a free kick in a 1β1 draw at Leicester City on 16 October 2017 .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "On 30 August 2018 , Monaco announced the signing of Chadli on a three-year deal . They paid more than β¬12 million to West Bromwich Albion to secure the services of the multipurpose midfielder . At the club he was united with fellow Belgium national team player , Youri Tielemans . Chadli competed in the Champions League with Monaco . In Ligue 1 , however , he had an unsuccessful season , as Monaco struggled against relegation from the league throughout the competition , only securing it at the end of the season . At Monaco , Chadli played only",
"title": "Monaco"
},
{
"text": "1,058 minutes and neither scored a goal or made an assist in all competitions .",
"title": "Monaco"
},
{
"text": "On 11 August 2019 , Chadli joined Anderlecht on a season-long loan from Monaco after having been sidetracked at the French club . Player-manager Vincent Kompany was able to persuade Chadli in coming to the Belgian First Division A . After Kompany and Simon Mignolet , he was the third Belgian international to return to Belgium to play . Anderlecht took over his entire contract ( more than β¬ 230,000 gross per month ) from Chadli at Monaco . With the experienced Chadli , and a number of other experienced signings , Anderlecht wanted to invest to lift their youngsters",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": "to a higher level .",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": " On 17 August 2019 , he made his debut for Anderlecht in a 4β2 loss to Kortrijk . The match also marked his debut in the highest Belgian division , which he had left at the age of 17 . Despite his injury problems , Chadli was one of the highlights of the club that season . He managed to score eight goals and give five assists in 17 league appearances . However , Anderlecht did not sign him on a permanent deal as the loan expired , as the club did not have the finances .",
"title": "Loan to Anderlecht"
},
{
"text": "On 10 September 2020 , Chadli moved to Turkish club Istanbul Basaksehir . He signed a two-year contract with the club , and was assigned jersey number 11 . BaΕakΕehir were the defending SΓΌper Lig champions and had thus qualified directly for the group stage of the Champions League . At the point of signing , he still had one year left of his deal with Monaco , but did not have any prospects of playing time there . At the club , he was reunited with a number of fellow former Premier League players , including Martin Ε krtel and",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": "Demba Ba .",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": " On 8 November , Chadli made his first appearance for BaΕakΕehir , in a league match against GenΓ§lerbirliΔi , after having been injured during the first two months of his tenure at the club . He came on as a substitute for Deniz TΓΌrΓΌΓ§ in the 79th minute , as BaΕakΕehir were down 0β1 . Chadli went on to contribute heavily to his clubs win , giving two assists as the team turned around the game to secure a 2β1 .",
"title": "Δ°stanbul BaΕakΕehir"
},
{
"text": "A dual citizen of Belgium and Morocco , Chadli was thus able to represent either nation . He made his debut for Morocco side on 17 November 2010 , in a 1β1 friendly draw against Northern Ireland at Windsor Park , and was named man of the match . On 28 January 2011 , however , he announced his intention to represent Belgium at the international level , which was permitted because he had not yet played in a competitive match for Morocco . He made his debut for the Belgian squad for a 9 February friendly match against Finland",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chadli has played as a striker for the Belgian national team , scoring his first international goal in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier against Azerbaijan in the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels on 29 March 2011 . On 26 May 2014 , Chadli scored what would have been his third international goal in a pre-2014 World Cup friendly against Luxembourg . The match , however , was later recognised invalid as coach Marc Wilmots had made seven substitutions instead of the permitted six .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 13 May 2014 , Chadli was named to Belgiums squad for the 2014 World Cup . He started in midfield but was substituted at half time for Dries Mertens in the teams first game of the tournament , a 2β1 win over Algeria in Belo Horizonte .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " In May 2018 he was named to Belgiumβs preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . On 2 July 2018 , Chadli came off the bench to score the winning goal in injury time to lift Belgium to a 3β2 victory over Japan in the round of 16 of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The goal is chosen by the BBC panel as goal of the tournament in the 2018 World Cup .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chadli is a versatile midfielder who can play as an attacking midfielder , in a number 10 role , or as a winger on either flank . He is comfortable on both feet and has a good shot at his disposal .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": " - Nacer Chadli profile at Belgian FA",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Massimiliano_Allegri#P6087#0
|
Which team was coached by Massimiliano Allegri in May 2004?
|
Massimiliano Allegri Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player . After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management . Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons . Club career . After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 . Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese . Managerial career . Early career . Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 . Sassuolo . In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi . Cagliari . On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 . The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis . He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club . On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement . Milan . Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however , failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur . Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title . On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season , and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign . On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 . Juventus . On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row ) . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final . On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title . The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles . On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date . Return to Juventus . On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract . Style of management . Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2 in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan . Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title since the 2011β12 season . During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas . Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid . Personal life . Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini . Honours . Player . Livorno - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1986β87 Aglianese - Serie D : 2001β02 ( group D ) Manager . Sassuolo - Serie C1 : 2007β08 Milan - Serie A : 2010β11 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2011 Juventus - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17 Individual - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018
|
[
"Aglianese"
] |
[
{
"text": " Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi .",
"title": "Sassuolo"
},
{
"text": "On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": " On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ") . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract .",
"title": "Return to Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "since the 2011β12 season .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": " Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Massimiliano_Allegri#P6087#1
|
Which team was coached by Massimiliano Allegri between Nov 2004 and Jan 2005?
|
Massimiliano Allegri Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player . After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management . Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons . Club career . After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 . Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese . Managerial career . Early career . Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 . Sassuolo . In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi . Cagliari . On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 . The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis . He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club . On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement . Milan . Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however , failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur . Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title . On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season , and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign . On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 . Juventus . On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row ) . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final . On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title . The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles . On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date . Return to Juventus . On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract . Style of management . Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2 in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan . Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title since the 2011β12 season . During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas . Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid . Personal life . Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini . Honours . Player . Livorno - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1986β87 Aglianese - Serie D : 2001β02 ( group D ) Manager . Sassuolo - Serie C1 : 2007β08 Milan - Serie A : 2010β11 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2011 Juventus - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17 Individual - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018
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[
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[
{
"text": " Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi .",
"title": "Sassuolo"
},
{
"text": "On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": " On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ") . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract .",
"title": "Return to Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "since the 2011β12 season .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": " Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Massimiliano_Allegri#P6087#2
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Which team was coached by Massimiliano Allegri in Jul 2005?
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Massimiliano Allegri Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player . After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management . Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons . Club career . After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 . Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese . Managerial career . Early career . Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 . Sassuolo . In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi . Cagliari . On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 . The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis . He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club . On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement . Milan . Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however , failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur . Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title . On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season , and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign . On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 . Juventus . On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row ) . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final . On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title . The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles . On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date . Return to Juventus . On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract . Style of management . Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2 in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan . Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title since the 2011β12 season . During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas . Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid . Personal life . Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini . Honours . Player . Livorno - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1986β87 Aglianese - Serie D : 2001β02 ( group D ) Manager . Sassuolo - Serie C1 : 2007β08 Milan - Serie A : 2010β11 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2011 Juventus - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17 Individual - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi .",
"title": "Sassuolo"
},
{
"text": "On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": " On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ") . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract .",
"title": "Return to Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "since the 2011β12 season .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": " Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Massimiliano_Allegri#P6087#3
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Which team was coached by Massimiliano Allegri between Sep 2006 and Sep 2006?
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Massimiliano Allegri Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player . After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management . Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons . Club career . After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 . Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese . Managerial career . Early career . Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 . Sassuolo . In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi . Cagliari . On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 . The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis . He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club . On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement . Milan . Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however , failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur . Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title . On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season , and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign . On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 . Juventus . On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row ) . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final . On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title . The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles . On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date . Return to Juventus . On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract . Style of management . Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2 in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan . Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title since the 2011β12 season . During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas . Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid . Personal life . Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini . Honours . Player . Livorno - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1986β87 Aglianese - Serie D : 2001β02 ( group D ) Manager . Sassuolo - Serie C1 : 2007β08 Milan - Serie A : 2010β11 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2011 Juventus - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17 Individual - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018
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[
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] |
[
{
"text": " Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi .",
"title": "Sassuolo"
},
{
"text": "On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": " On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ") . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract .",
"title": "Return to Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "since the 2011β12 season .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": " Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Massimiliano_Allegri#P6087#4
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Which team was coached by Massimiliano Allegri in Jun 2007?
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Massimiliano Allegri Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player . After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management . Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons . Club career . After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 . Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese . Managerial career . Early career . Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 . Sassuolo . In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi . Cagliari . On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 . The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis . He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club . On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement . Milan . Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however , failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur . Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title . On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season , and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign . On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 . Juventus . On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row ) . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final . On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title . The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles . On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date . Return to Juventus . On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract . Style of management . Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2 in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan . Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title since the 2011β12 season . During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas . Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid . Personal life . Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini . Honours . Player . Livorno - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1986β87 Aglianese - Serie D : 2001β02 ( group D ) Manager . Sassuolo - Serie C1 : 2007β08 Milan - Serie A : 2010β11 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2011 Juventus - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17 Individual - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi .",
"title": "Sassuolo"
},
{
"text": "On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": " On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ") . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract .",
"title": "Return to Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "since the 2011β12 season .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": " Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Massimiliano_Allegri#P6087#5
|
Which team was coached by Massimiliano Allegri in Jul 2007?
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Massimiliano Allegri Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player . After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management . Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons . Club career . After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 . Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese . Managerial career . Early career . Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 . Sassuolo . In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi . Cagliari . On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 . The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis . He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club . On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement . Milan . Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however , failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur . Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title . On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season , and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign . On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 . Juventus . On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row ) . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final . On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title . The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles . On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date . Return to Juventus . On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract . Style of management . Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2 in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan . Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title since the 2011β12 season . During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas . Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid . Personal life . Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini . Honours . Player . Livorno - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1986β87 Aglianese - Serie D : 2001β02 ( group D ) Manager . Sassuolo - Serie C1 : 2007β08 Milan - Serie A : 2010β11 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2011 Juventus - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17 Individual - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018
|
[
"Sassuolo"
] |
[
{
"text": " Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi .",
"title": "Sassuolo"
},
{
"text": "On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": " On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ") . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract .",
"title": "Return to Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "since the 2011β12 season .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": " Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Massimiliano_Allegri#P6087#6
|
Which team was coached by Massimiliano Allegri between Jan 2009 and Oct 2009?
|
Massimiliano Allegri Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player . After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management . Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons . Club career . After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 . Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese . Managerial career . Early career . Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 . Sassuolo . In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi . Cagliari . On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 . The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis . He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club . On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement . Milan . Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however , failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur . Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title . On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season , and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign . On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 . Juventus . On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row ) . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final . On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title . The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles . On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date . Return to Juventus . On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract . Style of management . Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2 in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan . Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title since the 2011β12 season . During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas . Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid . Personal life . Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini . Honours . Player . Livorno - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1986β87 Aglianese - Serie D : 2001β02 ( group D ) Manager . Sassuolo - Serie C1 : 2007β08 Milan - Serie A : 2010β11 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2011 Juventus - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17 Individual - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018
|
[
"Cagliari"
] |
[
{
"text": " Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi .",
"title": "Sassuolo"
},
{
"text": "On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": " On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ") . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract .",
"title": "Return to Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "since the 2011β12 season .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": " Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Massimiliano_Allegri#P6087#7
|
Which team was coached by Massimiliano Allegri after Mar 2011?
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Massimiliano Allegri Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player . After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management . Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons . Club career . After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 . Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese . Managerial career . Early career . Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 . Sassuolo . In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi . Cagliari . On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 . The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis . He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club . On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement . Milan . Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however , failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur . Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title . On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season , and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign . On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 . Juventus . On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row ) . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final . On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title . The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles . On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date . Return to Juventus . On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract . Style of management . Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2 in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan . Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title since the 2011β12 season . During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas . Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid . Personal life . Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini . Honours . Player . Livorno - Coppa Italia Serie C : 1986β87 Aglianese - Serie D : 2001β02 ( group D ) Manager . Sassuolo - Serie C1 : 2007β08 Milan - Serie A : 2010β11 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2011 Juventus - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17 Individual - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Massimiliano Allegri ( ; born 11 August 1967 ) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of club Juventus . During his playing career , Allegri played in the Serie A as a midfielder with Pisa , Pescara , Cagliari , Perugia and Napoli . In 2002 , he won the Serie D title with Aglianese , with whom he retired as a player .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After beginning his managerial career in 2003 with several smaller Italian sides , Allegri helped Sassuolo gain promotion to the Serie B for the first time in their history , winning the Serie C1 championship and Super Cup in the same year . From 2008 to 2010 , he coached Cagliari in Serie A , leading them to their best Serie A finish in almost 15 years . His performances as head coach of Cagliari earned him a move to Milan in 2010 , where he remained until January 2014 ; he won a Scudetto in 2010β11 , Milans first",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "since 2004 , and a Supercoppa Italiana title in 2011 . Between 2014 and 2019 , Allegri was in charge of Juventus , with whom he won eleven trophies : five consecutive league titles ( from 2015 to 2019 ) , four Coppa Italia titles in a row ( from 2015 to 2018 ) and two Supercoppa Italiana titles ( 2015 and 2018 ) ; he also reached two UEFA Champions League finals ( 2015 and 2017 ) . He returned to Juventus in 2021 , following two years away from management .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "Individually , Allegri won the Panchina dOro ( Golden Bench ) four times ( 2009 , 2015 , 2017 and 2018 ) and was four times Serie A Coach of the Year ( 2011 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 ) , as well as being awarded the Enzo Bearzot Award ( 2015 ) and inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame ( 2018 ) . He is also the only coach in Italian football history to have won five Scudetti and four Coppa Italia titles consecutively , and the only one in Europes top five leagues to have",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "won a domestic double for four consecutive seasons .",
"title": "Massimiliano Allegri"
},
{
"text": "After spending the earlier part of his career in the lower leagues , including his hometown club Livorno , Allegri joined Pescara in 1991 . A talented and creative player , he established himself in midfield as Giovanni Galeones side won promotion to Serie A in 1992 . Allegri was an outstanding performer for Pescara in Serie A . Despite the sides relegation in last place , there was no shortage of goals and Allegri scored an impressive 12 goals from midfield . He moved on to Cagliari and then Perugia and Napoli before returning to Pescara . Brief spells",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "at Pistoiese and Aglianese followed before his retirement from active football in 2003 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Alongside five other Italian footballers , Allegri received a one-year ban for match-fixing following a Coppa Italia tie in 2000 . The Italian Football Federation ( FIGC ) also handed one-year suspensions to Fabio Gallo , Sebastiano Siviglia , and Luciano Zauri of Serie A side Atalanta ; and Alfredo Aglietti of Serie Bs Pistoiese .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Allegri started his managerial career in 2004 , serving as the manager of Serie C2 team Aglianese , the club where he spent his two final years as a player . Following an impressive season with them , Allegri was called to head Grosseto , then in Serie C1 , but his experience with the biancazzurri proved not to be as successful as with Aglianese and he was ultimately sacked shortly after the beginning of the 2006β07 Serie C1 season . Shortly after being sacked by Grosseto , Allegri agreed to rejoin his mentor Giovanni Galeone at Udinese , becoming",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "part of his coaching staff . However , this practice proved to be forbidden by the Italian football laws because he was still contracted with the Tuscan club , which caused Allegri to be disqualified for three months in early 2008 .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2007 , Allegri became head coach of ambitious Serie C1 team Sassuolo , who Allegri managed to lead quickly into the top league spots . On 27 April 2008 , Sassuolo mathematically ensured the 2007β08 Serie C1/A league title , thus winning a historical first promotion to Serie B for the neroverdi .",
"title": "Sassuolo"
},
{
"text": "On 29 May 2008 , Allegri was announced as new head coach of Cagliari in the Serie A , replacing Davide Ballardini . Despite a disappointing start , with five losses in the first five league matches , Allegri was confirmed by club chairman Massimo Cellino and later went on to bring his team up to a mid-table placement in December . On 9 December , following a 1β0 home win to Palermo , Cagliari announced they had agreed a two-year contract extension with Allegri , with a new contract that was set to expire on 1 June 2011 .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "The contract was then revealed to have been signed in October , in the midst of the rossoblus early crisis .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "He completed the 2008β09 season in an impressive ninth place , their best result in Serie A in almost fifteen years , which was hailed as a huge result in light of the limited resources , the lack of top-class players , and the high quality of Cagliaris attacking football style , which led the Sardinians not far from UEFA Europa League qualification . Such results led him to be awarded the Panchina dOro ( Golden bench ) , a prize awarded to the best Serie A football manager according to other managers votes , ahead of Serie A winning",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "coach JosΓ© Mourinho . In the 2009β10 season , he managed to confirm Cagliaris high footballing levels despite the loss of regular striker Robert Acquafresca , leading an impressive number of three players from his sideβnamely Davide Biondini , Federico Marchetti , and Andrea Cossuβto receive Italian national team call-ups during his reign at the club .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": " On 13 April 2010 , Cagliari surprisingly removed Allegri from his managerial duties despite a solid 12th place with 40 points , and youth coach Giorgio Melisβwith Gianluca Festa as his assistantβwas appointed as his replacement .",
"title": "Cagliari"
},
{
"text": "Allegri was released from his contract by Cagliari on 17 June 2010 , under request of Serie A giants Milan , who were interested in appointing him as their new manager . On 25 June , Allegri was officially appointed as the new manager of Milan . In his first season in charge , Allegri led Milan to their first championship title since 2004 , beating title incumbents and cross-city rivals Inter Milan in both league fixtures ; at the time , only Roberto Mancini had achieved that feat at a younger age . Allegris Milan side , however ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "failed to make it past the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia , losing to Palermo 4β3 on aggregate . The team also competed in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League , where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Success continued in his second season at the club . He led Milan to their sixth Supercoppa Italiana title on 6 August 2011 , by coming from behind in a 2β1 win over city rivals Inter in a game played at the Beijing National Stadium . That was as far as his success went for that season , however . A semi-final Coppa Italia knockout at the hands of Juventus followed by a quarter-final UEFA Champions League knockout at the hands of Barcelona left Milan fighting on only one front towards the end of the seasonβthe Scudetto . Even that",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "was to be lost , however , with the Rossoneri finishing in second place to Juventus and therefore qualifying for next seasons Champions League group stage . The season was also marked with controversy however , as in the second half of the season , Milan had a goal by Sulley Muntari disallowed in a key match against title rivals Juventus at the San Siro , after they had already been leading 1β0 ; the match eventually ended in a 1β1 draw . Along with Adriano Galliani , Allegri drew criticism for his decision to sell veteran deep-lying playmaker Andrea",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo to Juventus , after excluding him from the starting eleven the previous season , and deeming him to be a surplus due to his age ; Pirlo went on to play a key role in Juventuss victorious Serie A title .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 13 January 2012 , Allegri agreed to extend his contract with Milan to the end of 2013β14 season . On 5 June 2012 , Allegri stated that he intends to coach for only 10 more years and plans to retire at the age of 55 due to the fact that coaching contains a high level of stress and anxiety . He also said that he hopes to coach the Italian national side before he retires . With the departure and retirement of several of the clubs key players , Milan struggled at the beginning of the 2012β13 season ,",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "and had only collected 8 points from their first 7 games , putting Allegri in danger of getting fired early on . Despite all the criticism from the critics , Milan stuck with Allegri and he managed to get the best out of some younger players including Stephan El Shaarawy , Milans home-grown player Mattia De Sciglio and later on Mario Balotelli . Allegri managed to steer the Rossoneri from 16th place to a 3rd-place finish at the end of the season , with an epic 2β1 comeback victory away to Siena . The result gave Milan a spot in",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "the playoff round for the 2013β14 Champions League campaign .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 1 June 2013 , club president Silvio Berlusconi confirmed Allegri to remain as the manager of Milan , despite numerous speculations that he would be given the sack . On 31 December 2013 , Allegri confirmed he would leave the club at the end of the season , telling Gazzetta dello Sport : Of course this is my last Christmas at A.C . Milan . However , Milan reported that Allegri and his staff were relieved of their duties with immediate effect on 13 January 2014 .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 July 2014 , Allegri was appointed as the new head coach of Juventus , replacing Antonio Conte who had resigned the day before . Although the decision to hire Allegri was initially met with ambivalence , on 2 May 2015 , he guided Juventus to their fourth consecutive Serie A title , as the club defeated Sampdoria 1β0 at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa ; this was only the second time Juventus had won four consecutive Scudetto titles ( the last time being from 1931 to 1935 , when they won five Scudetto titles in a row",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": ") . Having previously won the title with Milan in 2011 , it also marked his second Scudetto title as a manager in Serie A . On 13 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to the Champions League final by defeating defending champions Real Madrid in the semifinals , 3β2 on aggregate ; it had been twelve years since the Bianconeri had last appeared in the final , eventually losing to Milan 3β2 on penalties in 2003 . A week later , on 20 May 2015 , Allegri guided Juventus to a domestic double by helping the club win their",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "record tenth Coppa Italia , defeating Lazio 2β1 in extra time . The Old Lady last won the trophy in 1995 , breaking their twenty-year drought of having not won the competition , and making them the first team in Italy to win the trophy ten times . On 6 June 2015 , Juventus were defeated by Barcelona , 3β1 , in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 6 July 2015 , almost a year after signing with Juventus , Allegri signed a one-year extension to his current contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2016β17 season . On 8 August 2015 , Allegri led Juventus to a 2β0 victory over Lazio in the Supercoppa Italiana , with new signings Mario MandΕΎukiΔ and Paulo Dybala scoring the goals . Allegri was included in the 10-man shortlist of nominees for the 2015 FIFA World Coach of the Year Award , but was later not included among the three finalists , despite almost completing a",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "treble in his first season as Juventuss coach . However , on 14 December 2015 , Allegri won the Serie A Coach of the Year award ; and later on 7 March 2016 , his second ever Panchina dOro for his success with Juventus during the 2014β15 season . On 25 April , Juventus were crowned 2015β16 Serie A champions ; after initially struggling during the first ten league matches of the season , Juventus went on an unbeaten streak and won 24 of their next 25 league games to come back from 12th place to defend the title .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "The teams unbeaten streak ended after 26 matches , and was broken following a 2β1 away loss to Verona on 8 May . On 6 May , Allegri extended his contract as Juventus manager to 2018 . On 21 May , he led Juventus to the domestic double once again after a 1β0 victory over Milan in the 2016 Coppa Italia Final , the first team in Italy to win back-to-back doubles .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "On 17 May 2017 , Allegri led Juventus to their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2β0 win over Lazio , becoming the first team to win three consecutive championships . Four days later on 21 May , following a 3β0 win over Crotone , Juventus secured their sixth consecutive Serie A title , establishing an all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition . On 3 June 2017 , Allegri entered his second Champions League Final in three years with Juventus , but suffered a 4β1 defeat to defending champions Real Madrid . On 7 June , Allegri renewed",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "his contract with Juventus until 2020 . Allegri took charge of his 200th game with Juventus on 9 February 2018 , a 2β0 away win over Fiorentina . On 9 May 2018 , Allegri won his fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title , in a 4β0 win over Milan . Four days later on 13 May , following a 0β0 draw with Roma , Allegri secured his fourth consecutive Serie A title , becoming the first manager in Europes top five leagues to win four consecutive doubles . On 17 May 2019 , after Juventus had already secured its fifth straight",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Scudetto under Allegri on 20 April , Juventus announced that he would leave the club at the end of the season . Allegri left Juventus in 2019 with a win percentage of 70.48% , the highest in the history of Juventus to date .",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " On 28 May 2021 , Juventus announced Allegris return to the club as manager after two years away from management , replacing the sacked Andrea Pirlo on a four-year contract .",
"title": "Return to Juventus"
},
{
"text": "Allegri has been praised for his tactical intelligence and his ability to build effectively upon Antonio Contes successful tactics and winning mentality as Juventuss manager , albeit in a less rigorous manner . He initially continued to use Contes trademark 3β5β2 formation , but later switched to a four-man back-line , in particular in the UEFA Champions League . Under Allegri , Juventus became slightly less aggressive and intense in their pressing off the ball while their playing style became more patient and focused on keeping possession and gaining territorial advantage in order to conserve energy , tactics which he",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "had previously used while at Milan . Although Allegris team was still effective at winning the ball in midfield and scoring from counter-attacks , the clubs attacking play on the ball usually involved a slower build-up , which mainly consisted of short passes , and fewer long balls from Pirlo and Bonucci . Goalkeeper Buffon also continued to primarily play the ball out from the back with short ground passes to the defenders , but he also began to use deeper goal kicks out to the wings . Allegri has also been lauded for his versatility , which he demonstrated",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "by adopting and switching between several different formations during his first season with Juventus , including the 4β3β1β2 , the 4β4β2 and the 4β3β3 formations , which he had also previously adopted while at Milan in order to find the most suitable system for his players . The fluidity of Juventuss formations under Allegri allowed talented players more freedom and creative licence and enabled the midfielders to make attacking runs into the area . Despite implementing several changes , Allegri still managed to preserve Juventuss defensive organisation and strengthβthis was further demonstrated by his tendency to switch to the 3β5β2",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "in the final 20 minutes of closely contested matches in order to hold on to the result as well as by his tendency to play behind the ball with two deep , tight defensive lines when facing teams that dominated possession , preferring instead to focus on breaking up play and adopting a counter-attacking style of play similar to that which he had previously also used with Milan .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Pirlo praised Allegris seemingly more relaxed attitude to coaching stating that he brought a sense of calm to the team and that he aided in endowing the players with a sense of confidence . Regarding Juventuss fluidity under Allegri , Italian football analyst Antonio Gagliardi tweeted : Juventus defend low with a 5β4β1 , they press with a 4β4β2 and they attack with a 4β2β3β1 . Systems in the future will become ever more fluid . In his second season with the club , Allegri was praised for rebuilding the team following the departure of several key players , such",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Pirlo , Vidal and Tevez ; and for his role in inspiring Juventus to a comeback to defend the league title , which included a 15-match winning streak after a negative start . Although a 1β0 defeat to Sassuolo on 28 October 2015 left them in 12th place , 11 points from the top of the table after their first 10 league matches , Juventus went unbeaten in their next 25 fixtures , winning 24 of them and finished the season as 2015β16 Serie A champions with three games to spareβthis was the clubs record fifth consecutive league title",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "since the 2011β12 season .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016β17 season , Allegri drew further praise in the media for his decision to occasionally depart from the teams trademark 3β5β2 formation and instead adopt a new 4β2β3β1 formation , in particular for European matches , a system which better suited the characteristics of the clubs new signingsβthe tactical switch most notably saw Gonzalo HiguaΓn fielded as the teams main striker while Dybala was used in a more creative role as number 10 , backed by two central box-to-box midfielders ( usually the more defensive-minded Sami Khedira alongside either Miralem PjaniΔ or Claudio Marchisio in a deeper playmaking",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "role ) and flanked by Juan Cuadrado on the right wing . The switch to a four-man back-line also allowed Allegri to rotate several players , such as centre-backs Giorgio Chiellini , Andrea Barzagli and Leonardo Bonucci as well as right-backs Dani Alves and Stephan Lichtsteiner , while centre-forward Mario MandΕΎukiΔ was deployed in a deeper , wider role as a winger or attacking midfielder on the left flankβthis new position utilised the Croatians work-rate , intelligence , hold-up play and ability to cover for teammates making overlapping runs , in particular those of left-back Alex Sandro while MandΕΎukiΔs height",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "and ability in the air also enabled him to function essentially as a target man in wider areas .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "Juventuss tactical versatility was demonstrated by their ability to switch between the 3β5β2 and 4β2β3β1 formations during matches ; this trait was particularly evident in the teams first leg fixture of the Champions League semi-final against Monaco . Ahead of the match , Allegri fielded Dani Alves as a right-sided wing-back in a 3β5β2 formation in lieu of Cuadrado and reverted to the teams trademark back-three composed of Barzagli , Bonucci and Chiellini . When in possession , Juventus kept the ball and played it out from the back and usually attacked with a 3β2β4β1 , 3β4β3 or 4β2β3β1 formation",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "as Dani Alves often made offensive overlapping runs behind the oppositions defence , essentially acting as a winger , which created difficulties for Monacos back-line while Barzagli moved out wide to cover for the Brazilian , functioning as a makeshift right-back . When defending behind the ball , the team reverted to an organised 3β5β2 or 5β3β2 formation , which was difficult for Monaco to break down , courtesy of the strength of Juventuss defensive trio , who were dubbed the BBC in the media , a reference to the defenders initialsβJuventuss defensive solidity ensured that the club only conceded",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": "three goals en route to the 2017 Champions League final and also allowed the Turin side to create goalscoring opportunities from swift , sudden and efficient counter-attacks after winning back possession . Juventus ended the season by capturing their third consecutive domestic double , which included an unprecedented Italian record sixth consecutive league title ; and also reached the Champions League final for the second time in three years , losing out 4β1 to defending champions Real Madrid .",
"title": "Style of management"
},
{
"text": " Allegri was born in Livorno to a father who worked at the port of Livorno and a mother who was a nurse , and grew up in Coteto . In 1992 , when he was 24 , called off his wedding with his fiancΓ©e Erika two days before the ceremony . In 1994 , Allegri married model Gloria Patrizi , fathering a child Valentina a year later ; he later fathered another child , Giorgio , in 2011 with another woman , Claudia . Since 2017 , he has been in a relationship with actress Ambra Angiolini .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Serie A : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 , 2018β19 - Coppa Italia : 2014β15 , 2015β16 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Supercoppa Italiana : 2015 , 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up : 2014β15 , 2016β17",
"title": "Juventus"
},
{
"text": " - Panchina dOro Prima Divisione : 2007β08 - Panchina dOro : 2008β09 , 2014β15 , 2016β17 , 2017β18 - Serie A Coach of the Year : 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2018 - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2015 - IFFHS Worlds Best Club Coach : 2015 ( third place ) , 2017 ( second place ) - The Best FIFA Mens Coach : 2017 ( third place ) - Gazzetta Sports Awards β Coach of the Year : 2018 - Italian Football Hall of Fame : 2018",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Jungo_Fujimoto#P54#0
|
Which team did Jungo Fujimoto play for between Dec 2006 and 2007?
|
Jungo Fujimoto He has previously played for Shimizu S-Pulse , Nagoya Grampus , Yokohama F . Marinos and the Japan national team . He is a left-footed play-making midfielder . Playing career . Early years . Fujimoto was educated at and played for Toko Gakuen High School , during which time he was also a member of the U-17 Japanese National Team for the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship hosted by Trinidad and Tobago . Fujimoto played three games in the competition but the team was eliminated after the group stage . After graduating high school Fujimoto received an offer from J2 League side Kawasaki Frontale , but he decided to continue his study and play football at the University of Tsukuba . He was a member of the national team for the 2005 Universiade held at Δ°zmir , Turkey . Fujimoto was the top scorer with six goals and was selected as the MVP of the competition . Club . Upon graduating university Fujimoto joined Shimizu S-Pulse in 2006 and inherited jersey number 10 from Masaaki Sawanobori . During his first full professional season Fujimoto played in 28 league games and scored 8 goals . He was awarded the J-League Young Player of the Year Award . He was seriously injured in late season of 2008 and made a comeback goal against Kyoto Sanga FC via direct free kick on 19 August 2009 . Fujimoto left Shizuoka in 2011 and moved west to join defending J.League champions Nagoya Grampus . He spent 3 seasons with Nagoya and scored 14 goals in 94 games as they finished 2nd , 7th and 10th in the league between 2011 and 2013 . 2014 saw him join Yokohama F . Marinos where , now in his 30s , he found his playing time slightly curtailed , scoring 3 goals in 26 games in his first year and then playing only 19 times in his final year in Japans second largest city , once again finding the back of the net 3 times . He signed for Gamba Osaka ahead of the 2016 season and in his first 3 years at the club he was never able to establish himself as a first-team regular for any sustained period of time . He made just 13 league appearances in his first season with the men in blue and black , 14 the following year , before at the age of 34 playing 21 out of Gambas 34 league games to help them to 9th in the final league standings . On August 21st , 2020 - after some months without football - , he signed to join SC Sagamihara . National team . He made his Japanese National Team debut on 24 March 2007 in a 2-0 friendly victory at home to Peru . Fujimoto came on as a substitute in the 85th minute to replace his high school fellow alumnus Shunsuke Nakamura . His next international involvement came when he made brief second-half appearances in both matches in Japans double header in June of that year , the 2-0 win over Montenegro and the 0-0 draw with Colombia . He played once more in 2007 as a 73rd minute replacement in the 4-1 home routing of Egypt . It would be almost 3 years before he next pulled in the blue of Japan in their September 2010 home friendly wins over Paraguay and Guatemala , he was once again a substitute in both games . Following his transfer from S-Pulse to Nagoya Grampus he was named in Japans squad for their victorious 2011 AFC Asian Cup campaign . He came on as a substitute in the final minute of their draw with Jordan in the group stage before earning his first international start in the final of the competition against Australia , a match Japan won 1-0 after extra time . It would be another 9 months before his next international involvement and he again made the starting line up and this time played his first full 90 minutes for Japan in a 1-0 friendly win at home to Vietnam on 7 October 2011 , before playing the final 13 minutes of an 8-0 world cup qualifying victory over Tajikistan 4 days later . 2012 would be his final year to earn international caps . He started and scored his sole international goal in a 3-1 win over Iceland in a home friendly on 24 February before again starting in the surprise 1-0 world cup qualifying defeat to Uzbekistan 5 days later . His last appearance for the Samurai Blue came in a 1-1 draw in a friendly at home to Venezuela on 15 August where he played the final 16 minutes . Club statistics . As of January 2 , 2020 National team statistics . Last Update : 8 February 2019 Trivia . His father Koju was also a footballer who played for Nippon Kokan of the Japan Soccer League , the former top-flight league in Japan . Honors and awards . Individual honors . - J . League Rookie of the Year β 2006 - J . League Best Eleven β 2010 , 2011 International honors . - AFC Asian Cup - 2011 External links . - Japan National Football Team Database
|
[
"Shimizu S-Pulse"
] |
[
{
"text": " He has previously played for Shimizu S-Pulse , Nagoya Grampus , Yokohama F . Marinos and the Japan national team . He is a left-footed play-making midfielder .",
"title": "Jungo Fujimoto"
},
{
"text": " Fujimoto was educated at and played for Toko Gakuen High School , during which time he was also a member of the U-17 Japanese National Team for the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship hosted by Trinidad and Tobago . Fujimoto played three games in the competition but the team was eliminated after the group stage .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "After graduating high school Fujimoto received an offer from J2 League side Kawasaki Frontale , but he decided to continue his study and play football at the University of Tsukuba . He was a member of the national team for the 2005 Universiade held at Δ°zmir , Turkey . Fujimoto was the top scorer with six goals and was selected as the MVP of the competition .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduating university Fujimoto joined Shimizu S-Pulse in 2006 and inherited jersey number 10 from Masaaki Sawanobori . During his first full professional season Fujimoto played in 28 league games and scored 8 goals . He was awarded the J-League Young Player of the Year Award . He was seriously injured in late season of 2008 and made a comeback goal against Kyoto Sanga FC via direct free kick on 19 August 2009 .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "Fujimoto left Shizuoka in 2011 and moved west to join defending J.League champions Nagoya Grampus . He spent 3 seasons with Nagoya and scored 14 goals in 94 games as they finished 2nd , 7th and 10th in the league between 2011 and 2013 .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " 2014 saw him join Yokohama F . Marinos where , now in his 30s , he found his playing time slightly curtailed , scoring 3 goals in 26 games in his first year and then playing only 19 times in his final year in Japans second largest city , once again finding the back of the net 3 times .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "He signed for Gamba Osaka ahead of the 2016 season and in his first 3 years at the club he was never able to establish himself as a first-team regular for any sustained period of time . He made just 13 league appearances in his first season with the men in blue and black , 14 the following year , before at the age of 34 playing 21 out of Gambas 34 league games to help them to 9th in the final league standings .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " On August 21st , 2020 - after some months without football - , he signed to join SC Sagamihara .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " He made his Japanese National Team debut on 24 March 2007 in a 2-0 friendly victory at home to Peru . Fujimoto came on as a substitute in the 85th minute to replace his high school fellow alumnus Shunsuke Nakamura . His next international involvement came when he made brief second-half appearances in both matches in Japans double header in June of that year , the 2-0 win over Montenegro and the 0-0 draw with Colombia . He played once more in 2007 as a 73rd minute replacement in the 4-1 home routing of Egypt .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": "It would be almost 3 years before he next pulled in the blue of Japan in their September 2010 home friendly wins over Paraguay and Guatemala , he was once again a substitute in both games .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": " Following his transfer from S-Pulse to Nagoya Grampus he was named in Japans squad for their victorious 2011 AFC Asian Cup campaign . He came on as a substitute in the final minute of their draw with Jordan in the group stage before earning his first international start in the final of the competition against Australia , a match Japan won 1-0 after extra time .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": "It would be another 9 months before his next international involvement and he again made the starting line up and this time played his first full 90 minutes for Japan in a 1-0 friendly win at home to Vietnam on 7 October 2011 , before playing the final 13 minutes of an 8-0 world cup qualifying victory over Tajikistan 4 days later .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": " 2012 would be his final year to earn international caps . He started and scored his sole international goal in a 3-1 win over Iceland in a home friendly on 24 February before again starting in the surprise 1-0 world cup qualifying defeat to Uzbekistan 5 days later . His last appearance for the Samurai Blue came in a 1-1 draw in a friendly at home to Venezuela on 15 August where he played the final 16 minutes .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": " His father Koju was also a footballer who played for Nippon Kokan of the Japan Soccer League , the former top-flight league in Japan .",
"title": "Trivia"
},
{
"text": " - J . League Rookie of the Year β 2006 - J . League Best Eleven β 2010 , 2011",
"title": "Individual honors"
},
{
"text": " - Japan National Football Team Database",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Jungo_Fujimoto#P54#1
|
Which team did Jungo Fujimoto play for between Aug 2009 and Dec 2010?
|
Jungo Fujimoto He has previously played for Shimizu S-Pulse , Nagoya Grampus , Yokohama F . Marinos and the Japan national team . He is a left-footed play-making midfielder . Playing career . Early years . Fujimoto was educated at and played for Toko Gakuen High School , during which time he was also a member of the U-17 Japanese National Team for the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship hosted by Trinidad and Tobago . Fujimoto played three games in the competition but the team was eliminated after the group stage . After graduating high school Fujimoto received an offer from J2 League side Kawasaki Frontale , but he decided to continue his study and play football at the University of Tsukuba . He was a member of the national team for the 2005 Universiade held at Δ°zmir , Turkey . Fujimoto was the top scorer with six goals and was selected as the MVP of the competition . Club . Upon graduating university Fujimoto joined Shimizu S-Pulse in 2006 and inherited jersey number 10 from Masaaki Sawanobori . During his first full professional season Fujimoto played in 28 league games and scored 8 goals . He was awarded the J-League Young Player of the Year Award . He was seriously injured in late season of 2008 and made a comeback goal against Kyoto Sanga FC via direct free kick on 19 August 2009 . Fujimoto left Shizuoka in 2011 and moved west to join defending J.League champions Nagoya Grampus . He spent 3 seasons with Nagoya and scored 14 goals in 94 games as they finished 2nd , 7th and 10th in the league between 2011 and 2013 . 2014 saw him join Yokohama F . Marinos where , now in his 30s , he found his playing time slightly curtailed , scoring 3 goals in 26 games in his first year and then playing only 19 times in his final year in Japans second largest city , once again finding the back of the net 3 times . He signed for Gamba Osaka ahead of the 2016 season and in his first 3 years at the club he was never able to establish himself as a first-team regular for any sustained period of time . He made just 13 league appearances in his first season with the men in blue and black , 14 the following year , before at the age of 34 playing 21 out of Gambas 34 league games to help them to 9th in the final league standings . On August 21st , 2020 - after some months without football - , he signed to join SC Sagamihara . National team . He made his Japanese National Team debut on 24 March 2007 in a 2-0 friendly victory at home to Peru . Fujimoto came on as a substitute in the 85th minute to replace his high school fellow alumnus Shunsuke Nakamura . His next international involvement came when he made brief second-half appearances in both matches in Japans double header in June of that year , the 2-0 win over Montenegro and the 0-0 draw with Colombia . He played once more in 2007 as a 73rd minute replacement in the 4-1 home routing of Egypt . It would be almost 3 years before he next pulled in the blue of Japan in their September 2010 home friendly wins over Paraguay and Guatemala , he was once again a substitute in both games . Following his transfer from S-Pulse to Nagoya Grampus he was named in Japans squad for their victorious 2011 AFC Asian Cup campaign . He came on as a substitute in the final minute of their draw with Jordan in the group stage before earning his first international start in the final of the competition against Australia , a match Japan won 1-0 after extra time . It would be another 9 months before his next international involvement and he again made the starting line up and this time played his first full 90 minutes for Japan in a 1-0 friendly win at home to Vietnam on 7 October 2011 , before playing the final 13 minutes of an 8-0 world cup qualifying victory over Tajikistan 4 days later . 2012 would be his final year to earn international caps . He started and scored his sole international goal in a 3-1 win over Iceland in a home friendly on 24 February before again starting in the surprise 1-0 world cup qualifying defeat to Uzbekistan 5 days later . His last appearance for the Samurai Blue came in a 1-1 draw in a friendly at home to Venezuela on 15 August where he played the final 16 minutes . Club statistics . As of January 2 , 2020 National team statistics . Last Update : 8 February 2019 Trivia . His father Koju was also a footballer who played for Nippon Kokan of the Japan Soccer League , the former top-flight league in Japan . Honors and awards . Individual honors . - J . League Rookie of the Year β 2006 - J . League Best Eleven β 2010 , 2011 International honors . - AFC Asian Cup - 2011 External links . - Japan National Football Team Database
|
[
"Japanese National Team"
] |
[
{
"text": " He has previously played for Shimizu S-Pulse , Nagoya Grampus , Yokohama F . Marinos and the Japan national team . He is a left-footed play-making midfielder .",
"title": "Jungo Fujimoto"
},
{
"text": " Fujimoto was educated at and played for Toko Gakuen High School , during which time he was also a member of the U-17 Japanese National Team for the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship hosted by Trinidad and Tobago . Fujimoto played three games in the competition but the team was eliminated after the group stage .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "After graduating high school Fujimoto received an offer from J2 League side Kawasaki Frontale , but he decided to continue his study and play football at the University of Tsukuba . He was a member of the national team for the 2005 Universiade held at Δ°zmir , Turkey . Fujimoto was the top scorer with six goals and was selected as the MVP of the competition .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduating university Fujimoto joined Shimizu S-Pulse in 2006 and inherited jersey number 10 from Masaaki Sawanobori . During his first full professional season Fujimoto played in 28 league games and scored 8 goals . He was awarded the J-League Young Player of the Year Award . He was seriously injured in late season of 2008 and made a comeback goal against Kyoto Sanga FC via direct free kick on 19 August 2009 .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "Fujimoto left Shizuoka in 2011 and moved west to join defending J.League champions Nagoya Grampus . He spent 3 seasons with Nagoya and scored 14 goals in 94 games as they finished 2nd , 7th and 10th in the league between 2011 and 2013 .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " 2014 saw him join Yokohama F . Marinos where , now in his 30s , he found his playing time slightly curtailed , scoring 3 goals in 26 games in his first year and then playing only 19 times in his final year in Japans second largest city , once again finding the back of the net 3 times .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "He signed for Gamba Osaka ahead of the 2016 season and in his first 3 years at the club he was never able to establish himself as a first-team regular for any sustained period of time . He made just 13 league appearances in his first season with the men in blue and black , 14 the following year , before at the age of 34 playing 21 out of Gambas 34 league games to help them to 9th in the final league standings .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " On August 21st , 2020 - after some months without football - , he signed to join SC Sagamihara .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " He made his Japanese National Team debut on 24 March 2007 in a 2-0 friendly victory at home to Peru . Fujimoto came on as a substitute in the 85th minute to replace his high school fellow alumnus Shunsuke Nakamura . His next international involvement came when he made brief second-half appearances in both matches in Japans double header in June of that year , the 2-0 win over Montenegro and the 0-0 draw with Colombia . He played once more in 2007 as a 73rd minute replacement in the 4-1 home routing of Egypt .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": "It would be almost 3 years before he next pulled in the blue of Japan in their September 2010 home friendly wins over Paraguay and Guatemala , he was once again a substitute in both games .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": " Following his transfer from S-Pulse to Nagoya Grampus he was named in Japans squad for their victorious 2011 AFC Asian Cup campaign . He came on as a substitute in the final minute of their draw with Jordan in the group stage before earning his first international start in the final of the competition against Australia , a match Japan won 1-0 after extra time .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": "It would be another 9 months before his next international involvement and he again made the starting line up and this time played his first full 90 minutes for Japan in a 1-0 friendly win at home to Vietnam on 7 October 2011 , before playing the final 13 minutes of an 8-0 world cup qualifying victory over Tajikistan 4 days later .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": " 2012 would be his final year to earn international caps . He started and scored his sole international goal in a 3-1 win over Iceland in a home friendly on 24 February before again starting in the surprise 1-0 world cup qualifying defeat to Uzbekistan 5 days later . His last appearance for the Samurai Blue came in a 1-1 draw in a friendly at home to Venezuela on 15 August where he played the final 16 minutes .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": " His father Koju was also a footballer who played for Nippon Kokan of the Japan Soccer League , the former top-flight league in Japan .",
"title": "Trivia"
},
{
"text": " - J . League Rookie of the Year β 2006 - J . League Best Eleven β 2010 , 2011",
"title": "Individual honors"
},
{
"text": " - Japan National Football Team Database",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Jungo_Fujimoto#P54#2
|
Which team did Jungo Fujimoto play for in Jul 2014?
|
Jungo Fujimoto He has previously played for Shimizu S-Pulse , Nagoya Grampus , Yokohama F . Marinos and the Japan national team . He is a left-footed play-making midfielder . Playing career . Early years . Fujimoto was educated at and played for Toko Gakuen High School , during which time he was also a member of the U-17 Japanese National Team for the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship hosted by Trinidad and Tobago . Fujimoto played three games in the competition but the team was eliminated after the group stage . After graduating high school Fujimoto received an offer from J2 League side Kawasaki Frontale , but he decided to continue his study and play football at the University of Tsukuba . He was a member of the national team for the 2005 Universiade held at Δ°zmir , Turkey . Fujimoto was the top scorer with six goals and was selected as the MVP of the competition . Club . Upon graduating university Fujimoto joined Shimizu S-Pulse in 2006 and inherited jersey number 10 from Masaaki Sawanobori . During his first full professional season Fujimoto played in 28 league games and scored 8 goals . He was awarded the J-League Young Player of the Year Award . He was seriously injured in late season of 2008 and made a comeback goal against Kyoto Sanga FC via direct free kick on 19 August 2009 . Fujimoto left Shizuoka in 2011 and moved west to join defending J.League champions Nagoya Grampus . He spent 3 seasons with Nagoya and scored 14 goals in 94 games as they finished 2nd , 7th and 10th in the league between 2011 and 2013 . 2014 saw him join Yokohama F . Marinos where , now in his 30s , he found his playing time slightly curtailed , scoring 3 goals in 26 games in his first year and then playing only 19 times in his final year in Japans second largest city , once again finding the back of the net 3 times . He signed for Gamba Osaka ahead of the 2016 season and in his first 3 years at the club he was never able to establish himself as a first-team regular for any sustained period of time . He made just 13 league appearances in his first season with the men in blue and black , 14 the following year , before at the age of 34 playing 21 out of Gambas 34 league games to help them to 9th in the final league standings . On August 21st , 2020 - after some months without football - , he signed to join SC Sagamihara . National team . He made his Japanese National Team debut on 24 March 2007 in a 2-0 friendly victory at home to Peru . Fujimoto came on as a substitute in the 85th minute to replace his high school fellow alumnus Shunsuke Nakamura . His next international involvement came when he made brief second-half appearances in both matches in Japans double header in June of that year , the 2-0 win over Montenegro and the 0-0 draw with Colombia . He played once more in 2007 as a 73rd minute replacement in the 4-1 home routing of Egypt . It would be almost 3 years before he next pulled in the blue of Japan in their September 2010 home friendly wins over Paraguay and Guatemala , he was once again a substitute in both games . Following his transfer from S-Pulse to Nagoya Grampus he was named in Japans squad for their victorious 2011 AFC Asian Cup campaign . He came on as a substitute in the final minute of their draw with Jordan in the group stage before earning his first international start in the final of the competition against Australia , a match Japan won 1-0 after extra time . It would be another 9 months before his next international involvement and he again made the starting line up and this time played his first full 90 minutes for Japan in a 1-0 friendly win at home to Vietnam on 7 October 2011 , before playing the final 13 minutes of an 8-0 world cup qualifying victory over Tajikistan 4 days later . 2012 would be his final year to earn international caps . He started and scored his sole international goal in a 3-1 win over Iceland in a home friendly on 24 February before again starting in the surprise 1-0 world cup qualifying defeat to Uzbekistan 5 days later . His last appearance for the Samurai Blue came in a 1-1 draw in a friendly at home to Venezuela on 15 August where he played the final 16 minutes . Club statistics . As of January 2 , 2020 National team statistics . Last Update : 8 February 2019 Trivia . His father Koju was also a footballer who played for Nippon Kokan of the Japan Soccer League , the former top-flight league in Japan . Honors and awards . Individual honors . - J . League Rookie of the Year β 2006 - J . League Best Eleven β 2010 , 2011 International honors . - AFC Asian Cup - 2011 External links . - Japan National Football Team Database
|
[
"Yokohama F"
] |
[
{
"text": " He has previously played for Shimizu S-Pulse , Nagoya Grampus , Yokohama F . Marinos and the Japan national team . He is a left-footed play-making midfielder .",
"title": "Jungo Fujimoto"
},
{
"text": " Fujimoto was educated at and played for Toko Gakuen High School , during which time he was also a member of the U-17 Japanese National Team for the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship hosted by Trinidad and Tobago . Fujimoto played three games in the competition but the team was eliminated after the group stage .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "After graduating high school Fujimoto received an offer from J2 League side Kawasaki Frontale , but he decided to continue his study and play football at the University of Tsukuba . He was a member of the national team for the 2005 Universiade held at Δ°zmir , Turkey . Fujimoto was the top scorer with six goals and was selected as the MVP of the competition .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduating university Fujimoto joined Shimizu S-Pulse in 2006 and inherited jersey number 10 from Masaaki Sawanobori . During his first full professional season Fujimoto played in 28 league games and scored 8 goals . He was awarded the J-League Young Player of the Year Award . He was seriously injured in late season of 2008 and made a comeback goal against Kyoto Sanga FC via direct free kick on 19 August 2009 .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "Fujimoto left Shizuoka in 2011 and moved west to join defending J.League champions Nagoya Grampus . He spent 3 seasons with Nagoya and scored 14 goals in 94 games as they finished 2nd , 7th and 10th in the league between 2011 and 2013 .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " 2014 saw him join Yokohama F . Marinos where , now in his 30s , he found his playing time slightly curtailed , scoring 3 goals in 26 games in his first year and then playing only 19 times in his final year in Japans second largest city , once again finding the back of the net 3 times .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "He signed for Gamba Osaka ahead of the 2016 season and in his first 3 years at the club he was never able to establish himself as a first-team regular for any sustained period of time . He made just 13 league appearances in his first season with the men in blue and black , 14 the following year , before at the age of 34 playing 21 out of Gambas 34 league games to help them to 9th in the final league standings .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " On August 21st , 2020 - after some months without football - , he signed to join SC Sagamihara .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " He made his Japanese National Team debut on 24 March 2007 in a 2-0 friendly victory at home to Peru . Fujimoto came on as a substitute in the 85th minute to replace his high school fellow alumnus Shunsuke Nakamura . His next international involvement came when he made brief second-half appearances in both matches in Japans double header in June of that year , the 2-0 win over Montenegro and the 0-0 draw with Colombia . He played once more in 2007 as a 73rd minute replacement in the 4-1 home routing of Egypt .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": "It would be almost 3 years before he next pulled in the blue of Japan in their September 2010 home friendly wins over Paraguay and Guatemala , he was once again a substitute in both games .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": " Following his transfer from S-Pulse to Nagoya Grampus he was named in Japans squad for their victorious 2011 AFC Asian Cup campaign . He came on as a substitute in the final minute of their draw with Jordan in the group stage before earning his first international start in the final of the competition against Australia , a match Japan won 1-0 after extra time .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": "It would be another 9 months before his next international involvement and he again made the starting line up and this time played his first full 90 minutes for Japan in a 1-0 friendly win at home to Vietnam on 7 October 2011 , before playing the final 13 minutes of an 8-0 world cup qualifying victory over Tajikistan 4 days later .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": " 2012 would be his final year to earn international caps . He started and scored his sole international goal in a 3-1 win over Iceland in a home friendly on 24 February before again starting in the surprise 1-0 world cup qualifying defeat to Uzbekistan 5 days later . His last appearance for the Samurai Blue came in a 1-1 draw in a friendly at home to Venezuela on 15 August where he played the final 16 minutes .",
"title": "National team"
},
{
"text": " His father Koju was also a footballer who played for Nippon Kokan of the Japan Soccer League , the former top-flight league in Japan .",
"title": "Trivia"
},
{
"text": " - J . League Rookie of the Year β 2006 - J . League Best Eleven β 2010 , 2011",
"title": "Individual honors"
},
{
"text": " - Japan National Football Team Database",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Lower_Norrland_Military_District#P4791#0
|
Who was the commander of Lower Norrland Military District before Mar 1942?
|
Lower Norrland Military District Lower Norrland Military District ( , Milo NN ) , originally II Military District ( ) was a Swedish military district , a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Lower Norrland , for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of VΓ€sternorrland , JΓ€mtland and the northern part of GΓ€vleborg . The headquarters of Milo NN were located in Γstersund . History . Milo NN was created in 1966 along with five other military districts as part of a reorganisation of the administrative divisions of the Swedish Armed Forces . It can be seen as the successor of II Military District ( II . militΓ€romrΓ₯det ) created in 1942 , but that did not have the same tasks as Milo NN . The military district consisted of the land covered by the above-mentioned counties , and from 1982 , also the southern part of GΓ€vleborg County . In 1993 , the number of military districts of Sweden was decreased to three , and as a consequence of that , Milo NN was merged with the Upper Norrland Military District ( Milo ΓN ) to create a new military district , the Northern Military District ( Milo N ) . Units 1989 . In peacetime the Lower Norrland Military District consisted of the following units , which were training recruits for wartime units : - Lower Norrland Military District ( Milo NN ) , in Γstersund - Army units : - I 5/Fo 22 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment / JΓ€mtland Defense District , in Γstersund - I 14/Fo 21 - HΓ€lsinge Regiment / GΓ€vleborg Defense District , in GΓ€vle - I 21/Fo 23 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment / VΓ€sternorrland Defense District , in SollefteΓ₯ - A 4 - Norrland Artillery Regiment , in Γstersund - T 3 - Norrland Logistic Regiment , in SollefteΓ₯ - Air Force units : - F 4/Se NN - JΓ€mtland Air Force Wing / Air Defense Sector Lower Norrland , in Γstersund - 41st Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - 42nd Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - F 15 - HΓ€lsinge Air Force Wing , in SΓΆderhamn under operational command of E 1 - 1st Attack Group of Milo V - 151st Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft - 152nd Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft and SK 37 two-seat trainer aircraft - Navy units : - MKN - Norrland Coast Naval Command , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - KA 5 - HΓ€rnΓΆsand Coastal Artillery Regiment , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - Fortress Battalion HemsΓΆn covering the HemsΓΆn Naval Base near HΓ€rnΓΆsand , with three twin 152mm m/51 coastal artillery guns , and two 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 batteries on HemsΓΆn and HΓ€rnΓΆn islands - Fortress Battalion Holmsund covering UmeΓ₯ , with one 120mm TornautomatpjΓ€s m/70 battery on HolmΓΆgadd and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery on BredskΓ€r - Fortress Battalion GΓ€vle , with a battery of four 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each - Fortress Battalion Sundsvall , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons , two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each , and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery in Nyhamn - Fortress Battalion LuleΓ₯ , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and a battery of three of 57mm m/89 rapid fire guns - HSwMS AlnΓΆsund ( 14 ) minelayer In wartime the Lower Norrland Military District would have activated the following major land units , as well as a host of smaller units : - 12th Division , in Γstersund - IB 14 - GΓ€strikeleden Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 77 infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment - IB 21 - Γ
dal Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment - NB 35 - Field JΓ€ger Brigade , in Γstersund , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade ( optimized for arctic/winter warfare ) based on the I 5 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment - IB 44 - HΓ€lsinge Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment - NB 51 - Γ
ngermanland Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Lower Norrland Military District Staff 1983β1993 . Blazon : Azur , an erect sword with the area letter ( NN - Lower Norrland ) surrounded by an open chaplet of oak leaves , all or . Commanding officers . Military commanders . - 1942β1943 : Helge Jung - 1943β1951 : Henry Tottie - 1951β1960 : Harald Haegermark - 1960β1966 : Malcolm Murray - 1966β1973 : Tage Olihn - 1973β1978 : Per Rudberg - 1978β1982 : Gustaf Peyron - 1982β1987 : Rolf Wigur - 1987β1993 : Bengt LΓΆnnbom Chiefs of Staff . - 1962β1966 : Lars-Fritiof Melin - 1966β1970 : Gunnar Eklund - 1970β1972 : Bo Varenius - 1972β1974 : Gustaf Peyron - 1974β1978 : Bengt Hallenberg - 1978β1979 : Jan-Henrik Torselius - 1979β1981 : ? - 1981β1983 : Harry Winblad - 1983β1989 : Bertil Daggfeldt - 1989β1991 : Lars-Olof Strandberg - 1991β1993 : ?? ?
|
[
"Helge Jung"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lower Norrland Military District ( , Milo NN ) , originally II Military District ( ) was a Swedish military district , a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Lower Norrland , for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of VΓ€sternorrland , JΓ€mtland and the northern part of GΓ€vleborg . The headquarters of Milo NN were located in Γstersund .",
"title": "Lower Norrland Military District"
},
{
"text": "Milo NN was created in 1966 along with five other military districts as part of a reorganisation of the administrative divisions of the Swedish Armed Forces . It can be seen as the successor of II Military District ( II . militΓ€romrΓ₯det ) created in 1942 , but that did not have the same tasks as Milo NN . The military district consisted of the land covered by the above-mentioned counties , and from 1982 , also the southern part of GΓ€vleborg County . In 1993 , the number of military districts of Sweden was decreased to three , and",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "as a consequence of that , Milo NN was merged with the Upper Norrland Military District ( Milo ΓN ) to create a new military district , the Northern Military District ( Milo N ) .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In peacetime the Lower Norrland Military District consisted of the following units , which were training recruits for wartime units : - Lower Norrland Military District ( Milo NN ) , in Γstersund - Army units : - I 5/Fo 22 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment / JΓ€mtland Defense District , in Γstersund - I 14/Fo 21 - HΓ€lsinge Regiment / GΓ€vleborg Defense District , in GΓ€vle - I 21/Fo 23 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment / VΓ€sternorrland Defense District , in SollefteΓ₯ - A 4 - Norrland Artillery Regiment , in Γstersund",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- T 3 - Norrland Logistic Regiment , in SollefteΓ₯",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - Air Force units : - F 4/Se NN - JΓ€mtland Air Force Wing / Air Defense Sector Lower Norrland , in Γstersund - 41st Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - 42nd Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - F 15 - HΓ€lsinge Air Force Wing , in SΓΆderhamn under operational command of E 1 - 1st Attack Group of Milo V - 151st Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft - 152nd Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft and SK 37 two-seat trainer aircraft",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- Navy units :",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - MKN - Norrland Coast Naval Command , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - KA 5 - HΓ€rnΓΆsand Coastal Artillery Regiment , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - Fortress Battalion HemsΓΆn covering the HemsΓΆn Naval Base near HΓ€rnΓΆsand , with three twin 152mm m/51 coastal artillery guns , and two 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 batteries on HemsΓΆn and HΓ€rnΓΆn islands - Fortress Battalion Holmsund covering UmeΓ₯ , with one 120mm TornautomatpjΓ€s m/70 battery on HolmΓΆgadd and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery on BredskΓ€r",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- Fortress Battalion GΓ€vle , with a battery of four 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - Fortress Battalion Sundsvall , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons , two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each , and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery in Nyhamn - Fortress Battalion LuleΓ₯ , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and a battery of three of 57mm m/89 rapid fire guns - HSwMS AlnΓΆsund ( 14 ) minelayer In wartime the Lower Norrland Military District would have activated the following major land units , as well as a host of smaller units : - 12th Division , in Γstersund",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- IB 14 - GΓ€strikeleden Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 77 infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - IB 21 - Γ
dal Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment - NB 35 - Field JΓ€ger Brigade , in Γstersund , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade ( optimized for arctic/winter warfare ) based on the I 5 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment - IB 44 - HΓ€lsinge Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- NB 51 - Γ
ngermanland Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Lower Norrland Military District Staff 1983β1993 . Blazon : Azur , an erect sword with the area letter ( NN - Lower Norrland ) surrounded by an open chaplet of oak leaves , all or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " - 1942β1943 : Helge Jung - 1943β1951 : Henry Tottie - 1951β1960 : Harald Haegermark - 1960β1966 : Malcolm Murray - 1966β1973 : Tage Olihn - 1973β1978 : Per Rudberg - 1978β1982 : Gustaf Peyron - 1982β1987 : Rolf Wigur - 1987β1993 : Bengt LΓΆnnbom",
"title": "Military commanders"
},
{
"text": " - 1962β1966 : Lars-Fritiof Melin - 1966β1970 : Gunnar Eklund - 1970β1972 : Bo Varenius - 1972β1974 : Gustaf Peyron - 1974β1978 : Bengt Hallenberg - 1978β1979 : Jan-Henrik Torselius - 1979β1981 : ? - 1981β1983 : Harry Winblad - 1983β1989 : Bertil Daggfeldt - 1989β1991 : Lars-Olof Strandberg - 1991β1993 : ?? ?",
"title": "Chiefs of Staff"
}
] |
/wiki/Lower_Norrland_Military_District#P4791#1
|
Who was the commander of Lower Norrland Military District between May 1963 and Dec 1963?
|
Lower Norrland Military District Lower Norrland Military District ( , Milo NN ) , originally II Military District ( ) was a Swedish military district , a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Lower Norrland , for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of VΓ€sternorrland , JΓ€mtland and the northern part of GΓ€vleborg . The headquarters of Milo NN were located in Γstersund . History . Milo NN was created in 1966 along with five other military districts as part of a reorganisation of the administrative divisions of the Swedish Armed Forces . It can be seen as the successor of II Military District ( II . militΓ€romrΓ₯det ) created in 1942 , but that did not have the same tasks as Milo NN . The military district consisted of the land covered by the above-mentioned counties , and from 1982 , also the southern part of GΓ€vleborg County . In 1993 , the number of military districts of Sweden was decreased to three , and as a consequence of that , Milo NN was merged with the Upper Norrland Military District ( Milo ΓN ) to create a new military district , the Northern Military District ( Milo N ) . Units 1989 . In peacetime the Lower Norrland Military District consisted of the following units , which were training recruits for wartime units : - Lower Norrland Military District ( Milo NN ) , in Γstersund - Army units : - I 5/Fo 22 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment / JΓ€mtland Defense District , in Γstersund - I 14/Fo 21 - HΓ€lsinge Regiment / GΓ€vleborg Defense District , in GΓ€vle - I 21/Fo 23 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment / VΓ€sternorrland Defense District , in SollefteΓ₯ - A 4 - Norrland Artillery Regiment , in Γstersund - T 3 - Norrland Logistic Regiment , in SollefteΓ₯ - Air Force units : - F 4/Se NN - JΓ€mtland Air Force Wing / Air Defense Sector Lower Norrland , in Γstersund - 41st Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - 42nd Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - F 15 - HΓ€lsinge Air Force Wing , in SΓΆderhamn under operational command of E 1 - 1st Attack Group of Milo V - 151st Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft - 152nd Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft and SK 37 two-seat trainer aircraft - Navy units : - MKN - Norrland Coast Naval Command , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - KA 5 - HΓ€rnΓΆsand Coastal Artillery Regiment , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - Fortress Battalion HemsΓΆn covering the HemsΓΆn Naval Base near HΓ€rnΓΆsand , with three twin 152mm m/51 coastal artillery guns , and two 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 batteries on HemsΓΆn and HΓ€rnΓΆn islands - Fortress Battalion Holmsund covering UmeΓ₯ , with one 120mm TornautomatpjΓ€s m/70 battery on HolmΓΆgadd and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery on BredskΓ€r - Fortress Battalion GΓ€vle , with a battery of four 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each - Fortress Battalion Sundsvall , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons , two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each , and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery in Nyhamn - Fortress Battalion LuleΓ₯ , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and a battery of three of 57mm m/89 rapid fire guns - HSwMS AlnΓΆsund ( 14 ) minelayer In wartime the Lower Norrland Military District would have activated the following major land units , as well as a host of smaller units : - 12th Division , in Γstersund - IB 14 - GΓ€strikeleden Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 77 infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment - IB 21 - Γ
dal Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment - NB 35 - Field JΓ€ger Brigade , in Γstersund , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade ( optimized for arctic/winter warfare ) based on the I 5 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment - IB 44 - HΓ€lsinge Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment - NB 51 - Γ
ngermanland Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Lower Norrland Military District Staff 1983β1993 . Blazon : Azur , an erect sword with the area letter ( NN - Lower Norrland ) surrounded by an open chaplet of oak leaves , all or . Commanding officers . Military commanders . - 1942β1943 : Helge Jung - 1943β1951 : Henry Tottie - 1951β1960 : Harald Haegermark - 1960β1966 : Malcolm Murray - 1966β1973 : Tage Olihn - 1973β1978 : Per Rudberg - 1978β1982 : Gustaf Peyron - 1982β1987 : Rolf Wigur - 1987β1993 : Bengt LΓΆnnbom Chiefs of Staff . - 1962β1966 : Lars-Fritiof Melin - 1966β1970 : Gunnar Eklund - 1970β1972 : Bo Varenius - 1972β1974 : Gustaf Peyron - 1974β1978 : Bengt Hallenberg - 1978β1979 : Jan-Henrik Torselius - 1979β1981 : ? - 1981β1983 : Harry Winblad - 1983β1989 : Bertil Daggfeldt - 1989β1991 : Lars-Olof Strandberg - 1991β1993 : ?? ?
|
[
"Malcolm Murray"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lower Norrland Military District ( , Milo NN ) , originally II Military District ( ) was a Swedish military district , a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Lower Norrland , for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of VΓ€sternorrland , JΓ€mtland and the northern part of GΓ€vleborg . The headquarters of Milo NN were located in Γstersund .",
"title": "Lower Norrland Military District"
},
{
"text": "Milo NN was created in 1966 along with five other military districts as part of a reorganisation of the administrative divisions of the Swedish Armed Forces . It can be seen as the successor of II Military District ( II . militΓ€romrΓ₯det ) created in 1942 , but that did not have the same tasks as Milo NN . The military district consisted of the land covered by the above-mentioned counties , and from 1982 , also the southern part of GΓ€vleborg County . In 1993 , the number of military districts of Sweden was decreased to three , and",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "as a consequence of that , Milo NN was merged with the Upper Norrland Military District ( Milo ΓN ) to create a new military district , the Northern Military District ( Milo N ) .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In peacetime the Lower Norrland Military District consisted of the following units , which were training recruits for wartime units : - Lower Norrland Military District ( Milo NN ) , in Γstersund - Army units : - I 5/Fo 22 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment / JΓ€mtland Defense District , in Γstersund - I 14/Fo 21 - HΓ€lsinge Regiment / GΓ€vleborg Defense District , in GΓ€vle - I 21/Fo 23 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment / VΓ€sternorrland Defense District , in SollefteΓ₯ - A 4 - Norrland Artillery Regiment , in Γstersund",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- T 3 - Norrland Logistic Regiment , in SollefteΓ₯",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - Air Force units : - F 4/Se NN - JΓ€mtland Air Force Wing / Air Defense Sector Lower Norrland , in Γstersund - 41st Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - 42nd Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - F 15 - HΓ€lsinge Air Force Wing , in SΓΆderhamn under operational command of E 1 - 1st Attack Group of Milo V - 151st Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft - 152nd Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft and SK 37 two-seat trainer aircraft",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- Navy units :",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - MKN - Norrland Coast Naval Command , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - KA 5 - HΓ€rnΓΆsand Coastal Artillery Regiment , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - Fortress Battalion HemsΓΆn covering the HemsΓΆn Naval Base near HΓ€rnΓΆsand , with three twin 152mm m/51 coastal artillery guns , and two 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 batteries on HemsΓΆn and HΓ€rnΓΆn islands - Fortress Battalion Holmsund covering UmeΓ₯ , with one 120mm TornautomatpjΓ€s m/70 battery on HolmΓΆgadd and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery on BredskΓ€r",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- Fortress Battalion GΓ€vle , with a battery of four 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - Fortress Battalion Sundsvall , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons , two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each , and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery in Nyhamn - Fortress Battalion LuleΓ₯ , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and a battery of three of 57mm m/89 rapid fire guns - HSwMS AlnΓΆsund ( 14 ) minelayer In wartime the Lower Norrland Military District would have activated the following major land units , as well as a host of smaller units : - 12th Division , in Γstersund",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- IB 14 - GΓ€strikeleden Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 77 infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - IB 21 - Γ
dal Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment - NB 35 - Field JΓ€ger Brigade , in Γstersund , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade ( optimized for arctic/winter warfare ) based on the I 5 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment - IB 44 - HΓ€lsinge Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- NB 51 - Γ
ngermanland Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Lower Norrland Military District Staff 1983β1993 . Blazon : Azur , an erect sword with the area letter ( NN - Lower Norrland ) surrounded by an open chaplet of oak leaves , all or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " - 1942β1943 : Helge Jung - 1943β1951 : Henry Tottie - 1951β1960 : Harald Haegermark - 1960β1966 : Malcolm Murray - 1966β1973 : Tage Olihn - 1973β1978 : Per Rudberg - 1978β1982 : Gustaf Peyron - 1982β1987 : Rolf Wigur - 1987β1993 : Bengt LΓΆnnbom",
"title": "Military commanders"
},
{
"text": " - 1962β1966 : Lars-Fritiof Melin - 1966β1970 : Gunnar Eklund - 1970β1972 : Bo Varenius - 1972β1974 : Gustaf Peyron - 1974β1978 : Bengt Hallenberg - 1978β1979 : Jan-Henrik Torselius - 1979β1981 : ? - 1981β1983 : Harry Winblad - 1983β1989 : Bertil Daggfeldt - 1989β1991 : Lars-Olof Strandberg - 1991β1993 : ?? ?",
"title": "Chiefs of Staff"
}
] |
/wiki/Lower_Norrland_Military_District#P4791#2
|
Who was the commander of Lower Norrland Military District between Dec 1972 and 1973?
|
Lower Norrland Military District Lower Norrland Military District ( , Milo NN ) , originally II Military District ( ) was a Swedish military district , a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Lower Norrland , for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of VΓ€sternorrland , JΓ€mtland and the northern part of GΓ€vleborg . The headquarters of Milo NN were located in Γstersund . History . Milo NN was created in 1966 along with five other military districts as part of a reorganisation of the administrative divisions of the Swedish Armed Forces . It can be seen as the successor of II Military District ( II . militΓ€romrΓ₯det ) created in 1942 , but that did not have the same tasks as Milo NN . The military district consisted of the land covered by the above-mentioned counties , and from 1982 , also the southern part of GΓ€vleborg County . In 1993 , the number of military districts of Sweden was decreased to three , and as a consequence of that , Milo NN was merged with the Upper Norrland Military District ( Milo ΓN ) to create a new military district , the Northern Military District ( Milo N ) . Units 1989 . In peacetime the Lower Norrland Military District consisted of the following units , which were training recruits for wartime units : - Lower Norrland Military District ( Milo NN ) , in Γstersund - Army units : - I 5/Fo 22 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment / JΓ€mtland Defense District , in Γstersund - I 14/Fo 21 - HΓ€lsinge Regiment / GΓ€vleborg Defense District , in GΓ€vle - I 21/Fo 23 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment / VΓ€sternorrland Defense District , in SollefteΓ₯ - A 4 - Norrland Artillery Regiment , in Γstersund - T 3 - Norrland Logistic Regiment , in SollefteΓ₯ - Air Force units : - F 4/Se NN - JΓ€mtland Air Force Wing / Air Defense Sector Lower Norrland , in Γstersund - 41st Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - 42nd Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - F 15 - HΓ€lsinge Air Force Wing , in SΓΆderhamn under operational command of E 1 - 1st Attack Group of Milo V - 151st Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft - 152nd Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft and SK 37 two-seat trainer aircraft - Navy units : - MKN - Norrland Coast Naval Command , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - KA 5 - HΓ€rnΓΆsand Coastal Artillery Regiment , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - Fortress Battalion HemsΓΆn covering the HemsΓΆn Naval Base near HΓ€rnΓΆsand , with three twin 152mm m/51 coastal artillery guns , and two 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 batteries on HemsΓΆn and HΓ€rnΓΆn islands - Fortress Battalion Holmsund covering UmeΓ₯ , with one 120mm TornautomatpjΓ€s m/70 battery on HolmΓΆgadd and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery on BredskΓ€r - Fortress Battalion GΓ€vle , with a battery of four 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each - Fortress Battalion Sundsvall , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons , two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each , and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery in Nyhamn - Fortress Battalion LuleΓ₯ , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and a battery of three of 57mm m/89 rapid fire guns - HSwMS AlnΓΆsund ( 14 ) minelayer In wartime the Lower Norrland Military District would have activated the following major land units , as well as a host of smaller units : - 12th Division , in Γstersund - IB 14 - GΓ€strikeleden Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 77 infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment - IB 21 - Γ
dal Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment - NB 35 - Field JΓ€ger Brigade , in Γstersund , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade ( optimized for arctic/winter warfare ) based on the I 5 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment - IB 44 - HΓ€lsinge Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment - NB 51 - Γ
ngermanland Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Lower Norrland Military District Staff 1983β1993 . Blazon : Azur , an erect sword with the area letter ( NN - Lower Norrland ) surrounded by an open chaplet of oak leaves , all or . Commanding officers . Military commanders . - 1942β1943 : Helge Jung - 1943β1951 : Henry Tottie - 1951β1960 : Harald Haegermark - 1960β1966 : Malcolm Murray - 1966β1973 : Tage Olihn - 1973β1978 : Per Rudberg - 1978β1982 : Gustaf Peyron - 1982β1987 : Rolf Wigur - 1987β1993 : Bengt LΓΆnnbom Chiefs of Staff . - 1962β1966 : Lars-Fritiof Melin - 1966β1970 : Gunnar Eklund - 1970β1972 : Bo Varenius - 1972β1974 : Gustaf Peyron - 1974β1978 : Bengt Hallenberg - 1978β1979 : Jan-Henrik Torselius - 1979β1981 : ? - 1981β1983 : Harry Winblad - 1983β1989 : Bertil Daggfeldt - 1989β1991 : Lars-Olof Strandberg - 1991β1993 : ?? ?
|
[
"Tage Olihn"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lower Norrland Military District ( , Milo NN ) , originally II Military District ( ) was a Swedish military district , a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Lower Norrland , for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of VΓ€sternorrland , JΓ€mtland and the northern part of GΓ€vleborg . The headquarters of Milo NN were located in Γstersund .",
"title": "Lower Norrland Military District"
},
{
"text": "Milo NN was created in 1966 along with five other military districts as part of a reorganisation of the administrative divisions of the Swedish Armed Forces . It can be seen as the successor of II Military District ( II . militΓ€romrΓ₯det ) created in 1942 , but that did not have the same tasks as Milo NN . The military district consisted of the land covered by the above-mentioned counties , and from 1982 , also the southern part of GΓ€vleborg County . In 1993 , the number of military districts of Sweden was decreased to three , and",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "as a consequence of that , Milo NN was merged with the Upper Norrland Military District ( Milo ΓN ) to create a new military district , the Northern Military District ( Milo N ) .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In peacetime the Lower Norrland Military District consisted of the following units , which were training recruits for wartime units : - Lower Norrland Military District ( Milo NN ) , in Γstersund - Army units : - I 5/Fo 22 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment / JΓ€mtland Defense District , in Γstersund - I 14/Fo 21 - HΓ€lsinge Regiment / GΓ€vleborg Defense District , in GΓ€vle - I 21/Fo 23 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment / VΓ€sternorrland Defense District , in SollefteΓ₯ - A 4 - Norrland Artillery Regiment , in Γstersund",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- T 3 - Norrland Logistic Regiment , in SollefteΓ₯",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - Air Force units : - F 4/Se NN - JΓ€mtland Air Force Wing / Air Defense Sector Lower Norrland , in Γstersund - 41st Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - 42nd Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - F 15 - HΓ€lsinge Air Force Wing , in SΓΆderhamn under operational command of E 1 - 1st Attack Group of Milo V - 151st Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft - 152nd Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft and SK 37 two-seat trainer aircraft",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- Navy units :",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - MKN - Norrland Coast Naval Command , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - KA 5 - HΓ€rnΓΆsand Coastal Artillery Regiment , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - Fortress Battalion HemsΓΆn covering the HemsΓΆn Naval Base near HΓ€rnΓΆsand , with three twin 152mm m/51 coastal artillery guns , and two 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 batteries on HemsΓΆn and HΓ€rnΓΆn islands - Fortress Battalion Holmsund covering UmeΓ₯ , with one 120mm TornautomatpjΓ€s m/70 battery on HolmΓΆgadd and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery on BredskΓ€r",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- Fortress Battalion GΓ€vle , with a battery of four 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - Fortress Battalion Sundsvall , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons , two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each , and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery in Nyhamn - Fortress Battalion LuleΓ₯ , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and a battery of three of 57mm m/89 rapid fire guns - HSwMS AlnΓΆsund ( 14 ) minelayer In wartime the Lower Norrland Military District would have activated the following major land units , as well as a host of smaller units : - 12th Division , in Γstersund",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- IB 14 - GΓ€strikeleden Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 77 infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - IB 21 - Γ
dal Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment - NB 35 - Field JΓ€ger Brigade , in Γstersund , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade ( optimized for arctic/winter warfare ) based on the I 5 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment - IB 44 - HΓ€lsinge Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- NB 51 - Γ
ngermanland Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Lower Norrland Military District Staff 1983β1993 . Blazon : Azur , an erect sword with the area letter ( NN - Lower Norrland ) surrounded by an open chaplet of oak leaves , all or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " - 1942β1943 : Helge Jung - 1943β1951 : Henry Tottie - 1951β1960 : Harald Haegermark - 1960β1966 : Malcolm Murray - 1966β1973 : Tage Olihn - 1973β1978 : Per Rudberg - 1978β1982 : Gustaf Peyron - 1982β1987 : Rolf Wigur - 1987β1993 : Bengt LΓΆnnbom",
"title": "Military commanders"
},
{
"text": " - 1962β1966 : Lars-Fritiof Melin - 1966β1970 : Gunnar Eklund - 1970β1972 : Bo Varenius - 1972β1974 : Gustaf Peyron - 1974β1978 : Bengt Hallenberg - 1978β1979 : Jan-Henrik Torselius - 1979β1981 : ? - 1981β1983 : Harry Winblad - 1983β1989 : Bertil Daggfeldt - 1989β1991 : Lars-Olof Strandberg - 1991β1993 : ?? ?",
"title": "Chiefs of Staff"
}
] |
/wiki/Lower_Norrland_Military_District#P4791#3
|
Who was the commander of Lower Norrland Military District in Feb 1973?
|
Lower Norrland Military District Lower Norrland Military District ( , Milo NN ) , originally II Military District ( ) was a Swedish military district , a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Lower Norrland , for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of VΓ€sternorrland , JΓ€mtland and the northern part of GΓ€vleborg . The headquarters of Milo NN were located in Γstersund . History . Milo NN was created in 1966 along with five other military districts as part of a reorganisation of the administrative divisions of the Swedish Armed Forces . It can be seen as the successor of II Military District ( II . militΓ€romrΓ₯det ) created in 1942 , but that did not have the same tasks as Milo NN . The military district consisted of the land covered by the above-mentioned counties , and from 1982 , also the southern part of GΓ€vleborg County . In 1993 , the number of military districts of Sweden was decreased to three , and as a consequence of that , Milo NN was merged with the Upper Norrland Military District ( Milo ΓN ) to create a new military district , the Northern Military District ( Milo N ) . Units 1989 . In peacetime the Lower Norrland Military District consisted of the following units , which were training recruits for wartime units : - Lower Norrland Military District ( Milo NN ) , in Γstersund - Army units : - I 5/Fo 22 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment / JΓ€mtland Defense District , in Γstersund - I 14/Fo 21 - HΓ€lsinge Regiment / GΓ€vleborg Defense District , in GΓ€vle - I 21/Fo 23 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment / VΓ€sternorrland Defense District , in SollefteΓ₯ - A 4 - Norrland Artillery Regiment , in Γstersund - T 3 - Norrland Logistic Regiment , in SollefteΓ₯ - Air Force units : - F 4/Se NN - JΓ€mtland Air Force Wing / Air Defense Sector Lower Norrland , in Γstersund - 41st Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - 42nd Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - F 15 - HΓ€lsinge Air Force Wing , in SΓΆderhamn under operational command of E 1 - 1st Attack Group of Milo V - 151st Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft - 152nd Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft and SK 37 two-seat trainer aircraft - Navy units : - MKN - Norrland Coast Naval Command , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - KA 5 - HΓ€rnΓΆsand Coastal Artillery Regiment , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - Fortress Battalion HemsΓΆn covering the HemsΓΆn Naval Base near HΓ€rnΓΆsand , with three twin 152mm m/51 coastal artillery guns , and two 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 batteries on HemsΓΆn and HΓ€rnΓΆn islands - Fortress Battalion Holmsund covering UmeΓ₯ , with one 120mm TornautomatpjΓ€s m/70 battery on HolmΓΆgadd and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery on BredskΓ€r - Fortress Battalion GΓ€vle , with a battery of four 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each - Fortress Battalion Sundsvall , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons , two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each , and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery in Nyhamn - Fortress Battalion LuleΓ₯ , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and a battery of three of 57mm m/89 rapid fire guns - HSwMS AlnΓΆsund ( 14 ) minelayer In wartime the Lower Norrland Military District would have activated the following major land units , as well as a host of smaller units : - 12th Division , in Γstersund - IB 14 - GΓ€strikeleden Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 77 infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment - IB 21 - Γ
dal Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment - NB 35 - Field JΓ€ger Brigade , in Γstersund , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade ( optimized for arctic/winter warfare ) based on the I 5 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment - IB 44 - HΓ€lsinge Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment - NB 51 - Γ
ngermanland Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Lower Norrland Military District Staff 1983β1993 . Blazon : Azur , an erect sword with the area letter ( NN - Lower Norrland ) surrounded by an open chaplet of oak leaves , all or . Commanding officers . Military commanders . - 1942β1943 : Helge Jung - 1943β1951 : Henry Tottie - 1951β1960 : Harald Haegermark - 1960β1966 : Malcolm Murray - 1966β1973 : Tage Olihn - 1973β1978 : Per Rudberg - 1978β1982 : Gustaf Peyron - 1982β1987 : Rolf Wigur - 1987β1993 : Bengt LΓΆnnbom Chiefs of Staff . - 1962β1966 : Lars-Fritiof Melin - 1966β1970 : Gunnar Eklund - 1970β1972 : Bo Varenius - 1972β1974 : Gustaf Peyron - 1974β1978 : Bengt Hallenberg - 1978β1979 : Jan-Henrik Torselius - 1979β1981 : ? - 1981β1983 : Harry Winblad - 1983β1989 : Bertil Daggfeldt - 1989β1991 : Lars-Olof Strandberg - 1991β1993 : ?? ?
|
[
"Per Rudberg"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lower Norrland Military District ( , Milo NN ) , originally II Military District ( ) was a Swedish military district , a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Lower Norrland , for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of VΓ€sternorrland , JΓ€mtland and the northern part of GΓ€vleborg . The headquarters of Milo NN were located in Γstersund .",
"title": "Lower Norrland Military District"
},
{
"text": "Milo NN was created in 1966 along with five other military districts as part of a reorganisation of the administrative divisions of the Swedish Armed Forces . It can be seen as the successor of II Military District ( II . militΓ€romrΓ₯det ) created in 1942 , but that did not have the same tasks as Milo NN . The military district consisted of the land covered by the above-mentioned counties , and from 1982 , also the southern part of GΓ€vleborg County . In 1993 , the number of military districts of Sweden was decreased to three , and",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "as a consequence of that , Milo NN was merged with the Upper Norrland Military District ( Milo ΓN ) to create a new military district , the Northern Military District ( Milo N ) .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In peacetime the Lower Norrland Military District consisted of the following units , which were training recruits for wartime units : - Lower Norrland Military District ( Milo NN ) , in Γstersund - Army units : - I 5/Fo 22 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment / JΓ€mtland Defense District , in Γstersund - I 14/Fo 21 - HΓ€lsinge Regiment / GΓ€vleborg Defense District , in GΓ€vle - I 21/Fo 23 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment / VΓ€sternorrland Defense District , in SollefteΓ₯ - A 4 - Norrland Artillery Regiment , in Γstersund",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- T 3 - Norrland Logistic Regiment , in SollefteΓ₯",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - Air Force units : - F 4/Se NN - JΓ€mtland Air Force Wing / Air Defense Sector Lower Norrland , in Γstersund - 41st Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - 42nd Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - F 15 - HΓ€lsinge Air Force Wing , in SΓΆderhamn under operational command of E 1 - 1st Attack Group of Milo V - 151st Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft - 152nd Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft and SK 37 two-seat trainer aircraft",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- Navy units :",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - MKN - Norrland Coast Naval Command , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - KA 5 - HΓ€rnΓΆsand Coastal Artillery Regiment , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - Fortress Battalion HemsΓΆn covering the HemsΓΆn Naval Base near HΓ€rnΓΆsand , with three twin 152mm m/51 coastal artillery guns , and two 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 batteries on HemsΓΆn and HΓ€rnΓΆn islands - Fortress Battalion Holmsund covering UmeΓ₯ , with one 120mm TornautomatpjΓ€s m/70 battery on HolmΓΆgadd and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery on BredskΓ€r",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- Fortress Battalion GΓ€vle , with a battery of four 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - Fortress Battalion Sundsvall , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons , two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each , and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery in Nyhamn - Fortress Battalion LuleΓ₯ , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and a battery of three of 57mm m/89 rapid fire guns - HSwMS AlnΓΆsund ( 14 ) minelayer In wartime the Lower Norrland Military District would have activated the following major land units , as well as a host of smaller units : - 12th Division , in Γstersund",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- IB 14 - GΓ€strikeleden Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 77 infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - IB 21 - Γ
dal Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment - NB 35 - Field JΓ€ger Brigade , in Γstersund , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade ( optimized for arctic/winter warfare ) based on the I 5 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment - IB 44 - HΓ€lsinge Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- NB 51 - Γ
ngermanland Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Lower Norrland Military District Staff 1983β1993 . Blazon : Azur , an erect sword with the area letter ( NN - Lower Norrland ) surrounded by an open chaplet of oak leaves , all or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " - 1942β1943 : Helge Jung - 1943β1951 : Henry Tottie - 1951β1960 : Harald Haegermark - 1960β1966 : Malcolm Murray - 1966β1973 : Tage Olihn - 1973β1978 : Per Rudberg - 1978β1982 : Gustaf Peyron - 1982β1987 : Rolf Wigur - 1987β1993 : Bengt LΓΆnnbom",
"title": "Military commanders"
},
{
"text": " - 1962β1966 : Lars-Fritiof Melin - 1966β1970 : Gunnar Eklund - 1970β1972 : Bo Varenius - 1972β1974 : Gustaf Peyron - 1974β1978 : Bengt Hallenberg - 1978β1979 : Jan-Henrik Torselius - 1979β1981 : ? - 1981β1983 : Harry Winblad - 1983β1989 : Bertil Daggfeldt - 1989β1991 : Lars-Olof Strandberg - 1991β1993 : ?? ?",
"title": "Chiefs of Staff"
}
] |
/wiki/Lower_Norrland_Military_District#P4791#4
|
Who was the commander of Lower Norrland Military District after Aug 1980?
|
Lower Norrland Military District Lower Norrland Military District ( , Milo NN ) , originally II Military District ( ) was a Swedish military district , a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Lower Norrland , for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of VΓ€sternorrland , JΓ€mtland and the northern part of GΓ€vleborg . The headquarters of Milo NN were located in Γstersund . History . Milo NN was created in 1966 along with five other military districts as part of a reorganisation of the administrative divisions of the Swedish Armed Forces . It can be seen as the successor of II Military District ( II . militΓ€romrΓ₯det ) created in 1942 , but that did not have the same tasks as Milo NN . The military district consisted of the land covered by the above-mentioned counties , and from 1982 , also the southern part of GΓ€vleborg County . In 1993 , the number of military districts of Sweden was decreased to three , and as a consequence of that , Milo NN was merged with the Upper Norrland Military District ( Milo ΓN ) to create a new military district , the Northern Military District ( Milo N ) . Units 1989 . In peacetime the Lower Norrland Military District consisted of the following units , which were training recruits for wartime units : - Lower Norrland Military District ( Milo NN ) , in Γstersund - Army units : - I 5/Fo 22 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment / JΓ€mtland Defense District , in Γstersund - I 14/Fo 21 - HΓ€lsinge Regiment / GΓ€vleborg Defense District , in GΓ€vle - I 21/Fo 23 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment / VΓ€sternorrland Defense District , in SollefteΓ₯ - A 4 - Norrland Artillery Regiment , in Γstersund - T 3 - Norrland Logistic Regiment , in SollefteΓ₯ - Air Force units : - F 4/Se NN - JΓ€mtland Air Force Wing / Air Defense Sector Lower Norrland , in Γstersund - 41st Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - 42nd Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - F 15 - HΓ€lsinge Air Force Wing , in SΓΆderhamn under operational command of E 1 - 1st Attack Group of Milo V - 151st Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft - 152nd Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft and SK 37 two-seat trainer aircraft - Navy units : - MKN - Norrland Coast Naval Command , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - KA 5 - HΓ€rnΓΆsand Coastal Artillery Regiment , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - Fortress Battalion HemsΓΆn covering the HemsΓΆn Naval Base near HΓ€rnΓΆsand , with three twin 152mm m/51 coastal artillery guns , and two 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 batteries on HemsΓΆn and HΓ€rnΓΆn islands - Fortress Battalion Holmsund covering UmeΓ₯ , with one 120mm TornautomatpjΓ€s m/70 battery on HolmΓΆgadd and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery on BredskΓ€r - Fortress Battalion GΓ€vle , with a battery of four 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each - Fortress Battalion Sundsvall , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons , two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each , and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery in Nyhamn - Fortress Battalion LuleΓ₯ , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and a battery of three of 57mm m/89 rapid fire guns - HSwMS AlnΓΆsund ( 14 ) minelayer In wartime the Lower Norrland Military District would have activated the following major land units , as well as a host of smaller units : - 12th Division , in Γstersund - IB 14 - GΓ€strikeleden Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 77 infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment - IB 21 - Γ
dal Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment - NB 35 - Field JΓ€ger Brigade , in Γstersund , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade ( optimized for arctic/winter warfare ) based on the I 5 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment - IB 44 - HΓ€lsinge Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment - NB 51 - Γ
ngermanland Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Lower Norrland Military District Staff 1983β1993 . Blazon : Azur , an erect sword with the area letter ( NN - Lower Norrland ) surrounded by an open chaplet of oak leaves , all or . Commanding officers . Military commanders . - 1942β1943 : Helge Jung - 1943β1951 : Henry Tottie - 1951β1960 : Harald Haegermark - 1960β1966 : Malcolm Murray - 1966β1973 : Tage Olihn - 1973β1978 : Per Rudberg - 1978β1982 : Gustaf Peyron - 1982β1987 : Rolf Wigur - 1987β1993 : Bengt LΓΆnnbom Chiefs of Staff . - 1962β1966 : Lars-Fritiof Melin - 1966β1970 : Gunnar Eklund - 1970β1972 : Bo Varenius - 1972β1974 : Gustaf Peyron - 1974β1978 : Bengt Hallenberg - 1978β1979 : Jan-Henrik Torselius - 1979β1981 : ? - 1981β1983 : Harry Winblad - 1983β1989 : Bertil Daggfeldt - 1989β1991 : Lars-Olof Strandberg - 1991β1993 : ?? ?
|
[
"Gustaf Peyron"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lower Norrland Military District ( , Milo NN ) , originally II Military District ( ) was a Swedish military district , a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Lower Norrland , for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of VΓ€sternorrland , JΓ€mtland and the northern part of GΓ€vleborg . The headquarters of Milo NN were located in Γstersund .",
"title": "Lower Norrland Military District"
},
{
"text": "Milo NN was created in 1966 along with five other military districts as part of a reorganisation of the administrative divisions of the Swedish Armed Forces . It can be seen as the successor of II Military District ( II . militΓ€romrΓ₯det ) created in 1942 , but that did not have the same tasks as Milo NN . The military district consisted of the land covered by the above-mentioned counties , and from 1982 , also the southern part of GΓ€vleborg County . In 1993 , the number of military districts of Sweden was decreased to three , and",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "as a consequence of that , Milo NN was merged with the Upper Norrland Military District ( Milo ΓN ) to create a new military district , the Northern Military District ( Milo N ) .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In peacetime the Lower Norrland Military District consisted of the following units , which were training recruits for wartime units : - Lower Norrland Military District ( Milo NN ) , in Γstersund - Army units : - I 5/Fo 22 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment / JΓ€mtland Defense District , in Γstersund - I 14/Fo 21 - HΓ€lsinge Regiment / GΓ€vleborg Defense District , in GΓ€vle - I 21/Fo 23 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment / VΓ€sternorrland Defense District , in SollefteΓ₯ - A 4 - Norrland Artillery Regiment , in Γstersund",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- T 3 - Norrland Logistic Regiment , in SollefteΓ₯",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - Air Force units : - F 4/Se NN - JΓ€mtland Air Force Wing / Air Defense Sector Lower Norrland , in Γstersund - 41st Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - 42nd Fighter Squadron , with JA 37 Viggen fighter aircraft - F 15 - HΓ€lsinge Air Force Wing , in SΓΆderhamn under operational command of E 1 - 1st Attack Group of Milo V - 151st Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft - 152nd Attack Squadron , with AJ 37 Viggen attack aircraft and SK 37 two-seat trainer aircraft",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- Navy units :",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - MKN - Norrland Coast Naval Command , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - KA 5 - HΓ€rnΓΆsand Coastal Artillery Regiment , in HΓ€rnΓΆsand - Fortress Battalion HemsΓΆn covering the HemsΓΆn Naval Base near HΓ€rnΓΆsand , with three twin 152mm m/51 coastal artillery guns , and two 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 batteries on HemsΓΆn and HΓ€rnΓΆn islands - Fortress Battalion Holmsund covering UmeΓ₯ , with one 120mm TornautomatpjΓ€s m/70 battery on HolmΓΆgadd and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery on BredskΓ€r",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- Fortress Battalion GΓ€vle , with a battery of four 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - Fortress Battalion Sundsvall , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons , two batteries of three 75mm m/05-10 coastal canons each , and one 75mm TornpjΓ€s m/57 battery in Nyhamn - Fortress Battalion LuleΓ₯ , with a battery of three 152mm m/98 turreted cannons and a battery of three of 57mm m/89 rapid fire guns - HSwMS AlnΓΆsund ( 14 ) minelayer In wartime the Lower Norrland Military District would have activated the following major land units , as well as a host of smaller units : - 12th Division , in Γstersund",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- IB 14 - GΓ€strikeleden Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 77 infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " - IB 21 - Γ
dal Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment - NB 35 - Field JΓ€ger Brigade , in Γstersund , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade ( optimized for arctic/winter warfare ) based on the I 5 - JΓ€mtland Ranger Regiment - IB 44 - HΓ€lsinge Brigade , in GΓ€vle , a Type 66M infantry brigade based on the I 14 - HΓ€lsingland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": "- NB 51 - Γ
ngermanland Brigade , in SollefteΓ₯ , a Type 85 Norrland Brigade based on the I 21 - VΓ€sternorrland Regiment",
"title": "Units 1989"
},
{
"text": " The coat of arms of the Lower Norrland Military District Staff 1983β1993 . Blazon : Azur , an erect sword with the area letter ( NN - Lower Norrland ) surrounded by an open chaplet of oak leaves , all or .",
"title": "Coat of arms"
},
{
"text": " - 1942β1943 : Helge Jung - 1943β1951 : Henry Tottie - 1951β1960 : Harald Haegermark - 1960β1966 : Malcolm Murray - 1966β1973 : Tage Olihn - 1973β1978 : Per Rudberg - 1978β1982 : Gustaf Peyron - 1982β1987 : Rolf Wigur - 1987β1993 : Bengt LΓΆnnbom",
"title": "Military commanders"
},
{
"text": " - 1962β1966 : Lars-Fritiof Melin - 1966β1970 : Gunnar Eklund - 1970β1972 : Bo Varenius - 1972β1974 : Gustaf Peyron - 1974β1978 : Bengt Hallenberg - 1978β1979 : Jan-Henrik Torselius - 1979β1981 : ? - 1981β1983 : Harry Winblad - 1983β1989 : Bertil Daggfeldt - 1989β1991 : Lars-Olof Strandberg - 1991β1993 : ?? ?",
"title": "Chiefs of Staff"
}
] |
/wiki/VA-112_(U.S._Navy)#P1448#0
|
VA-112 (U.S. Navy) was officially named what in Aug 1945?
|
VA-112 ( U.S . Navy ) VA-112 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . It was established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron VBF-11 on 9 April 1945 , redesignated Fighter Squadron VF-12A on 15 November 1946 , then as VF-112 on 15 July 1948 . It was finally redesignated as VA-112 on 15 February 1959 . The squadron was disestablished on 10 October 1969 . Its nickname from 1961 to 1969 was the Broncos . Operational history . - 25 Mar 1948 : operated in the Persian Gulf with Saudi Arabian Prince Ibn Saud embarked to view air operations . However , the air display was cancelled because of a sand storm and hazy conditions . - 29 Apr 1948 : Valley Forge moored port side to Dokkeskjaerkaien Dock , Bergen , Norway . The mooring was conducted without the aid of tugs , using the engine power of the squadronβs eight F8Fs spotted on the forward deck and eight other aircraft on the aft deck . The mooring operation was called Operation Pinwheel . - 5 Aug 1950 : The squadron participated in its first combat operations , flying sorties against targets in the Mokpo-Kwangju area of South Korea . - 12β19 Sep 1950 : The squadron participated in the pre-assault strikes against targets in and around Inchon , Korea , in preparation for the Inchon landing on 15 September . These strikes included road , rail , and airfield sweeps and Combat Air Patrol . During and after the invasion the squadron continued to fly daily air sweeps , striking at targets of opportunity and the enemyβs lines of communications . - 10 Nov 1950 : The squadronβs first encounter with MiG-15s occurred during a sortie over Sinuiju , North Korea . One MiG-15 was damaged during the engagement . - 23β24 June 1952 : The squadron participated in coordinated strikes against North Korean hydroelectric power plants , the first heavy attack conducted against these installations . Nine different hydroelectric power plants were struck by forces from Carrier Air Groups 2 , 7 , 11 , 19 , and the 5th Air Force . - 6β13 Feb 1955 : The squadron was on station and available for air support during the evacuation of over 26,000 personnel from the Tachen Islands during the First Taiwan Straits Crisis . - 24 Apr 1967 : Squadron aircraft participated in a multi-carrier coordinated strike against North Vietnamβs KΓ©p Air Base , northeast of Hanoi . This was the first time a strike had been conducted against a North Vietnam MiG airfield . - 10 May 1967 : Commander M . L . Minnis , Sr. , was awarded the Silver Star for action during a strike into North Vietnam against the thermal power plant at Haiphong . - Apr 1969 : Following the shoot down of a Navy EC-121 aircraft by the North Koreans , , with VA-112 aboard , along with two other attack carriers , was ordered to the Sea of Japan Home port assignments . The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Alameda β 09 Apr 1945 - NAAS Fallon β 30 Apr 1945 - NAAS Santa Rosa β 31 Jul 1945 - NAS Kahului β 21 Feb 1946 - NAS San Diego β 25 Nov 1946 - NAAS Miramar/NAS Miramar β 07 Apr 1951 - NAS Lemoore β 11 Sep 1961 Aircraft Assignment . The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-3/5 Hellcat β Apr 1945 - F8F-1 Bearcat β 11 Dec 1946 - F8F-2 Bearcat β 03 Jan 1949 - F9F-2 Panther β 11 Jan 1950 - F9F-2B Panther* β Jul 1950 - F9F-3 Panther β 31 May 1951 - F9F-2B Panther β 12 Jul 1951 - F9F-5 Panther β Oct 1952 - F9F-6 Cougar β Feb 1954 - F9F-8 Cougar β Jul 1955 - F9F-8B Cougar β Apr 1956 - F3H-2M Demon β 05 Apr 1957 - A4D-1/2 Skyhawk β Apr 1959 - A4D-2N/A4C Skyhawk β 26 Mar 1961 <NOWIKI>*</NOWIKI> The squadronβs F9F-2s were modified at NAS Barbers Point and equipped with rocket launchers and bomb racks and designated F9F-2Bs .
|
[
"Bomber-Fighter Squadron VBF-11"
] |
[
{
"text": " VA-112 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . It was established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron VBF-11 on 9 April 1945 , redesignated Fighter Squadron VF-12A on 15 November 1946 , then as VF-112 on 15 July 1948 . It was finally redesignated as VA-112 on 15 February 1959 . The squadron was disestablished on 10 October 1969 . Its nickname from 1961 to 1969 was the Broncos .",
"title": "VA-112 ( U.S . Navy )"
},
{
"text": " - 25 Mar 1948 : operated in the Persian Gulf with Saudi Arabian Prince Ibn Saud embarked to view air operations . However , the air display was cancelled because of a sand storm and hazy conditions . - 29 Apr 1948 : Valley Forge moored port side to Dokkeskjaerkaien Dock , Bergen , Norway . The mooring was conducted without the aid of tugs , using the engine power of the squadronβs eight F8Fs spotted on the forward deck and eight other aircraft on the aft deck . The mooring operation was called Operation Pinwheel .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 5 Aug 1950 : The squadron participated in its first combat operations , flying sorties against targets in the Mokpo-Kwangju area of South Korea .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 12β19 Sep 1950 : The squadron participated in the pre-assault strikes against targets in and around Inchon , Korea , in preparation for the Inchon landing on 15 September . These strikes included road , rail , and airfield sweeps and Combat Air Patrol . During and after the invasion the squadron continued to fly daily air sweeps , striking at targets of opportunity and the enemyβs lines of communications .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 10 Nov 1950 : The squadronβs first encounter with MiG-15s occurred during a sortie over Sinuiju , North Korea . One MiG-15 was damaged during the engagement .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 23β24 June 1952 : The squadron participated in coordinated strikes against North Korean hydroelectric power plants , the first heavy attack conducted against these installations . Nine different hydroelectric power plants were struck by forces from Carrier Air Groups 2 , 7 , 11 , 19 , and the 5th Air Force . - 6β13 Feb 1955 : The squadron was on station and available for air support during the evacuation of over 26,000 personnel from the Tachen Islands during the First Taiwan Straits Crisis .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 24 Apr 1967 : Squadron aircraft participated in a multi-carrier coordinated strike against North Vietnamβs KΓ©p Air Base , northeast of Hanoi . This was the first time a strike had been conducted against a North Vietnam MiG airfield .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 10 May 1967 : Commander M . L . Minnis , Sr. , was awarded the Silver Star for action during a strike into North Vietnam against the thermal power plant at Haiphong . - Apr 1969 : Following the shoot down of a Navy EC-121 aircraft by the North Koreans , , with VA-112 aboard , along with two other attack carriers , was ordered to the Sea of Japan",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Alameda β 09 Apr 1945 - NAAS Fallon β 30 Apr 1945 - NAAS Santa Rosa β 31 Jul 1945 - NAS Kahului β 21 Feb 1946 - NAS San Diego β 25 Nov 1946 - NAAS Miramar/NAS Miramar β 07 Apr 1951 - NAS Lemoore β 11 Sep 1961",
"title": "Home port assignments"
},
{
"text": " The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-3/5 Hellcat β Apr 1945 - F8F-1 Bearcat β 11 Dec 1946 - F8F-2 Bearcat β 03 Jan 1949 - F9F-2 Panther β 11 Jan 1950 - F9F-2B Panther* β Jul 1950 - F9F-3 Panther β 31 May 1951 - F9F-2B Panther β 12 Jul 1951 - F9F-5 Panther β Oct 1952 - F9F-6 Cougar β Feb 1954 - F9F-8 Cougar β Jul 1955 - F9F-8B Cougar β Apr 1956 - F3H-2M Demon β 05 Apr 1957 - A4D-1/2 Skyhawk β Apr 1959",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
},
{
"text": "- A4D-2N/A4C Skyhawk β 26 Mar 1961",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
},
{
"text": " <NOWIKI>*</NOWIKI> The squadronβs F9F-2s were modified at NAS Barbers Point and equipped with rocket launchers and bomb racks and designated F9F-2Bs .",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
}
] |
/wiki/VA-112_(U.S._Navy)#P1448#1
|
VA-112 (U.S. Navy) was officially named what in Jul 1947?
|
VA-112 ( U.S . Navy ) VA-112 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . It was established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron VBF-11 on 9 April 1945 , redesignated Fighter Squadron VF-12A on 15 November 1946 , then as VF-112 on 15 July 1948 . It was finally redesignated as VA-112 on 15 February 1959 . The squadron was disestablished on 10 October 1969 . Its nickname from 1961 to 1969 was the Broncos . Operational history . - 25 Mar 1948 : operated in the Persian Gulf with Saudi Arabian Prince Ibn Saud embarked to view air operations . However , the air display was cancelled because of a sand storm and hazy conditions . - 29 Apr 1948 : Valley Forge moored port side to Dokkeskjaerkaien Dock , Bergen , Norway . The mooring was conducted without the aid of tugs , using the engine power of the squadronβs eight F8Fs spotted on the forward deck and eight other aircraft on the aft deck . The mooring operation was called Operation Pinwheel . - 5 Aug 1950 : The squadron participated in its first combat operations , flying sorties against targets in the Mokpo-Kwangju area of South Korea . - 12β19 Sep 1950 : The squadron participated in the pre-assault strikes against targets in and around Inchon , Korea , in preparation for the Inchon landing on 15 September . These strikes included road , rail , and airfield sweeps and Combat Air Patrol . During and after the invasion the squadron continued to fly daily air sweeps , striking at targets of opportunity and the enemyβs lines of communications . - 10 Nov 1950 : The squadronβs first encounter with MiG-15s occurred during a sortie over Sinuiju , North Korea . One MiG-15 was damaged during the engagement . - 23β24 June 1952 : The squadron participated in coordinated strikes against North Korean hydroelectric power plants , the first heavy attack conducted against these installations . Nine different hydroelectric power plants were struck by forces from Carrier Air Groups 2 , 7 , 11 , 19 , and the 5th Air Force . - 6β13 Feb 1955 : The squadron was on station and available for air support during the evacuation of over 26,000 personnel from the Tachen Islands during the First Taiwan Straits Crisis . - 24 Apr 1967 : Squadron aircraft participated in a multi-carrier coordinated strike against North Vietnamβs KΓ©p Air Base , northeast of Hanoi . This was the first time a strike had been conducted against a North Vietnam MiG airfield . - 10 May 1967 : Commander M . L . Minnis , Sr. , was awarded the Silver Star for action during a strike into North Vietnam against the thermal power plant at Haiphong . - Apr 1969 : Following the shoot down of a Navy EC-121 aircraft by the North Koreans , , with VA-112 aboard , along with two other attack carriers , was ordered to the Sea of Japan Home port assignments . The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Alameda β 09 Apr 1945 - NAAS Fallon β 30 Apr 1945 - NAAS Santa Rosa β 31 Jul 1945 - NAS Kahului β 21 Feb 1946 - NAS San Diego β 25 Nov 1946 - NAAS Miramar/NAS Miramar β 07 Apr 1951 - NAS Lemoore β 11 Sep 1961 Aircraft Assignment . The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-3/5 Hellcat β Apr 1945 - F8F-1 Bearcat β 11 Dec 1946 - F8F-2 Bearcat β 03 Jan 1949 - F9F-2 Panther β 11 Jan 1950 - F9F-2B Panther* β Jul 1950 - F9F-3 Panther β 31 May 1951 - F9F-2B Panther β 12 Jul 1951 - F9F-5 Panther β Oct 1952 - F9F-6 Cougar β Feb 1954 - F9F-8 Cougar β Jul 1955 - F9F-8B Cougar β Apr 1956 - F3H-2M Demon β 05 Apr 1957 - A4D-1/2 Skyhawk β Apr 1959 - A4D-2N/A4C Skyhawk β 26 Mar 1961 <NOWIKI>*</NOWIKI> The squadronβs F9F-2s were modified at NAS Barbers Point and equipped with rocket launchers and bomb racks and designated F9F-2Bs .
|
[
"Fighter Squadron VF-12A"
] |
[
{
"text": " VA-112 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . It was established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron VBF-11 on 9 April 1945 , redesignated Fighter Squadron VF-12A on 15 November 1946 , then as VF-112 on 15 July 1948 . It was finally redesignated as VA-112 on 15 February 1959 . The squadron was disestablished on 10 October 1969 . Its nickname from 1961 to 1969 was the Broncos .",
"title": "VA-112 ( U.S . Navy )"
},
{
"text": " - 25 Mar 1948 : operated in the Persian Gulf with Saudi Arabian Prince Ibn Saud embarked to view air operations . However , the air display was cancelled because of a sand storm and hazy conditions . - 29 Apr 1948 : Valley Forge moored port side to Dokkeskjaerkaien Dock , Bergen , Norway . The mooring was conducted without the aid of tugs , using the engine power of the squadronβs eight F8Fs spotted on the forward deck and eight other aircraft on the aft deck . The mooring operation was called Operation Pinwheel .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 5 Aug 1950 : The squadron participated in its first combat operations , flying sorties against targets in the Mokpo-Kwangju area of South Korea .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 12β19 Sep 1950 : The squadron participated in the pre-assault strikes against targets in and around Inchon , Korea , in preparation for the Inchon landing on 15 September . These strikes included road , rail , and airfield sweeps and Combat Air Patrol . During and after the invasion the squadron continued to fly daily air sweeps , striking at targets of opportunity and the enemyβs lines of communications .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 10 Nov 1950 : The squadronβs first encounter with MiG-15s occurred during a sortie over Sinuiju , North Korea . One MiG-15 was damaged during the engagement .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 23β24 June 1952 : The squadron participated in coordinated strikes against North Korean hydroelectric power plants , the first heavy attack conducted against these installations . Nine different hydroelectric power plants were struck by forces from Carrier Air Groups 2 , 7 , 11 , 19 , and the 5th Air Force . - 6β13 Feb 1955 : The squadron was on station and available for air support during the evacuation of over 26,000 personnel from the Tachen Islands during the First Taiwan Straits Crisis .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 24 Apr 1967 : Squadron aircraft participated in a multi-carrier coordinated strike against North Vietnamβs KΓ©p Air Base , northeast of Hanoi . This was the first time a strike had been conducted against a North Vietnam MiG airfield .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 10 May 1967 : Commander M . L . Minnis , Sr. , was awarded the Silver Star for action during a strike into North Vietnam against the thermal power plant at Haiphong . - Apr 1969 : Following the shoot down of a Navy EC-121 aircraft by the North Koreans , , with VA-112 aboard , along with two other attack carriers , was ordered to the Sea of Japan",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Alameda β 09 Apr 1945 - NAAS Fallon β 30 Apr 1945 - NAAS Santa Rosa β 31 Jul 1945 - NAS Kahului β 21 Feb 1946 - NAS San Diego β 25 Nov 1946 - NAAS Miramar/NAS Miramar β 07 Apr 1951 - NAS Lemoore β 11 Sep 1961",
"title": "Home port assignments"
},
{
"text": " The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-3/5 Hellcat β Apr 1945 - F8F-1 Bearcat β 11 Dec 1946 - F8F-2 Bearcat β 03 Jan 1949 - F9F-2 Panther β 11 Jan 1950 - F9F-2B Panther* β Jul 1950 - F9F-3 Panther β 31 May 1951 - F9F-2B Panther β 12 Jul 1951 - F9F-5 Panther β Oct 1952 - F9F-6 Cougar β Feb 1954 - F9F-8 Cougar β Jul 1955 - F9F-8B Cougar β Apr 1956 - F3H-2M Demon β 05 Apr 1957 - A4D-1/2 Skyhawk β Apr 1959",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
},
{
"text": "- A4D-2N/A4C Skyhawk β 26 Mar 1961",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
},
{
"text": " <NOWIKI>*</NOWIKI> The squadronβs F9F-2s were modified at NAS Barbers Point and equipped with rocket launchers and bomb racks and designated F9F-2Bs .",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
}
] |
/wiki/VA-112_(U.S._Navy)#P1448#2
|
VA-112 (U.S. Navy) was officially named what between Mar 1954 and Apr 1958?
|
VA-112 ( U.S . Navy ) VA-112 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . It was established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron VBF-11 on 9 April 1945 , redesignated Fighter Squadron VF-12A on 15 November 1946 , then as VF-112 on 15 July 1948 . It was finally redesignated as VA-112 on 15 February 1959 . The squadron was disestablished on 10 October 1969 . Its nickname from 1961 to 1969 was the Broncos . Operational history . - 25 Mar 1948 : operated in the Persian Gulf with Saudi Arabian Prince Ibn Saud embarked to view air operations . However , the air display was cancelled because of a sand storm and hazy conditions . - 29 Apr 1948 : Valley Forge moored port side to Dokkeskjaerkaien Dock , Bergen , Norway . The mooring was conducted without the aid of tugs , using the engine power of the squadronβs eight F8Fs spotted on the forward deck and eight other aircraft on the aft deck . The mooring operation was called Operation Pinwheel . - 5 Aug 1950 : The squadron participated in its first combat operations , flying sorties against targets in the Mokpo-Kwangju area of South Korea . - 12β19 Sep 1950 : The squadron participated in the pre-assault strikes against targets in and around Inchon , Korea , in preparation for the Inchon landing on 15 September . These strikes included road , rail , and airfield sweeps and Combat Air Patrol . During and after the invasion the squadron continued to fly daily air sweeps , striking at targets of opportunity and the enemyβs lines of communications . - 10 Nov 1950 : The squadronβs first encounter with MiG-15s occurred during a sortie over Sinuiju , North Korea . One MiG-15 was damaged during the engagement . - 23β24 June 1952 : The squadron participated in coordinated strikes against North Korean hydroelectric power plants , the first heavy attack conducted against these installations . Nine different hydroelectric power plants were struck by forces from Carrier Air Groups 2 , 7 , 11 , 19 , and the 5th Air Force . - 6β13 Feb 1955 : The squadron was on station and available for air support during the evacuation of over 26,000 personnel from the Tachen Islands during the First Taiwan Straits Crisis . - 24 Apr 1967 : Squadron aircraft participated in a multi-carrier coordinated strike against North Vietnamβs KΓ©p Air Base , northeast of Hanoi . This was the first time a strike had been conducted against a North Vietnam MiG airfield . - 10 May 1967 : Commander M . L . Minnis , Sr. , was awarded the Silver Star for action during a strike into North Vietnam against the thermal power plant at Haiphong . - Apr 1969 : Following the shoot down of a Navy EC-121 aircraft by the North Koreans , , with VA-112 aboard , along with two other attack carriers , was ordered to the Sea of Japan Home port assignments . The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Alameda β 09 Apr 1945 - NAAS Fallon β 30 Apr 1945 - NAAS Santa Rosa β 31 Jul 1945 - NAS Kahului β 21 Feb 1946 - NAS San Diego β 25 Nov 1946 - NAAS Miramar/NAS Miramar β 07 Apr 1951 - NAS Lemoore β 11 Sep 1961 Aircraft Assignment . The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-3/5 Hellcat β Apr 1945 - F8F-1 Bearcat β 11 Dec 1946 - F8F-2 Bearcat β 03 Jan 1949 - F9F-2 Panther β 11 Jan 1950 - F9F-2B Panther* β Jul 1950 - F9F-3 Panther β 31 May 1951 - F9F-2B Panther β 12 Jul 1951 - F9F-5 Panther β Oct 1952 - F9F-6 Cougar β Feb 1954 - F9F-8 Cougar β Jul 1955 - F9F-8B Cougar β Apr 1956 - F3H-2M Demon β 05 Apr 1957 - A4D-1/2 Skyhawk β Apr 1959 - A4D-2N/A4C Skyhawk β 26 Mar 1961 <NOWIKI>*</NOWIKI> The squadronβs F9F-2s were modified at NAS Barbers Point and equipped with rocket launchers and bomb racks and designated F9F-2Bs .
|
[
"VF-112"
] |
[
{
"text": " VA-112 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . It was established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron VBF-11 on 9 April 1945 , redesignated Fighter Squadron VF-12A on 15 November 1946 , then as VF-112 on 15 July 1948 . It was finally redesignated as VA-112 on 15 February 1959 . The squadron was disestablished on 10 October 1969 . Its nickname from 1961 to 1969 was the Broncos .",
"title": "VA-112 ( U.S . Navy )"
},
{
"text": " - 25 Mar 1948 : operated in the Persian Gulf with Saudi Arabian Prince Ibn Saud embarked to view air operations . However , the air display was cancelled because of a sand storm and hazy conditions . - 29 Apr 1948 : Valley Forge moored port side to Dokkeskjaerkaien Dock , Bergen , Norway . The mooring was conducted without the aid of tugs , using the engine power of the squadronβs eight F8Fs spotted on the forward deck and eight other aircraft on the aft deck . The mooring operation was called Operation Pinwheel .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 5 Aug 1950 : The squadron participated in its first combat operations , flying sorties against targets in the Mokpo-Kwangju area of South Korea .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 12β19 Sep 1950 : The squadron participated in the pre-assault strikes against targets in and around Inchon , Korea , in preparation for the Inchon landing on 15 September . These strikes included road , rail , and airfield sweeps and Combat Air Patrol . During and after the invasion the squadron continued to fly daily air sweeps , striking at targets of opportunity and the enemyβs lines of communications .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 10 Nov 1950 : The squadronβs first encounter with MiG-15s occurred during a sortie over Sinuiju , North Korea . One MiG-15 was damaged during the engagement .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 23β24 June 1952 : The squadron participated in coordinated strikes against North Korean hydroelectric power plants , the first heavy attack conducted against these installations . Nine different hydroelectric power plants were struck by forces from Carrier Air Groups 2 , 7 , 11 , 19 , and the 5th Air Force . - 6β13 Feb 1955 : The squadron was on station and available for air support during the evacuation of over 26,000 personnel from the Tachen Islands during the First Taiwan Straits Crisis .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 24 Apr 1967 : Squadron aircraft participated in a multi-carrier coordinated strike against North Vietnamβs KΓ©p Air Base , northeast of Hanoi . This was the first time a strike had been conducted against a North Vietnam MiG airfield .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 10 May 1967 : Commander M . L . Minnis , Sr. , was awarded the Silver Star for action during a strike into North Vietnam against the thermal power plant at Haiphong . - Apr 1969 : Following the shoot down of a Navy EC-121 aircraft by the North Koreans , , with VA-112 aboard , along with two other attack carriers , was ordered to the Sea of Japan",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Alameda β 09 Apr 1945 - NAAS Fallon β 30 Apr 1945 - NAAS Santa Rosa β 31 Jul 1945 - NAS Kahului β 21 Feb 1946 - NAS San Diego β 25 Nov 1946 - NAAS Miramar/NAS Miramar β 07 Apr 1951 - NAS Lemoore β 11 Sep 1961",
"title": "Home port assignments"
},
{
"text": " The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-3/5 Hellcat β Apr 1945 - F8F-1 Bearcat β 11 Dec 1946 - F8F-2 Bearcat β 03 Jan 1949 - F9F-2 Panther β 11 Jan 1950 - F9F-2B Panther* β Jul 1950 - F9F-3 Panther β 31 May 1951 - F9F-2B Panther β 12 Jul 1951 - F9F-5 Panther β Oct 1952 - F9F-6 Cougar β Feb 1954 - F9F-8 Cougar β Jul 1955 - F9F-8B Cougar β Apr 1956 - F3H-2M Demon β 05 Apr 1957 - A4D-1/2 Skyhawk β Apr 1959",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
},
{
"text": "- A4D-2N/A4C Skyhawk β 26 Mar 1961",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
},
{
"text": " <NOWIKI>*</NOWIKI> The squadronβs F9F-2s were modified at NAS Barbers Point and equipped with rocket launchers and bomb racks and designated F9F-2Bs .",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
}
] |
/wiki/VA-112_(U.S._Navy)#P1448#3
|
VA-112 (U.S. Navy) was officially named what after Apr 1961?
|
VA-112 ( U.S . Navy ) VA-112 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . It was established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron VBF-11 on 9 April 1945 , redesignated Fighter Squadron VF-12A on 15 November 1946 , then as VF-112 on 15 July 1948 . It was finally redesignated as VA-112 on 15 February 1959 . The squadron was disestablished on 10 October 1969 . Its nickname from 1961 to 1969 was the Broncos . Operational history . - 25 Mar 1948 : operated in the Persian Gulf with Saudi Arabian Prince Ibn Saud embarked to view air operations . However , the air display was cancelled because of a sand storm and hazy conditions . - 29 Apr 1948 : Valley Forge moored port side to Dokkeskjaerkaien Dock , Bergen , Norway . The mooring was conducted without the aid of tugs , using the engine power of the squadronβs eight F8Fs spotted on the forward deck and eight other aircraft on the aft deck . The mooring operation was called Operation Pinwheel . - 5 Aug 1950 : The squadron participated in its first combat operations , flying sorties against targets in the Mokpo-Kwangju area of South Korea . - 12β19 Sep 1950 : The squadron participated in the pre-assault strikes against targets in and around Inchon , Korea , in preparation for the Inchon landing on 15 September . These strikes included road , rail , and airfield sweeps and Combat Air Patrol . During and after the invasion the squadron continued to fly daily air sweeps , striking at targets of opportunity and the enemyβs lines of communications . - 10 Nov 1950 : The squadronβs first encounter with MiG-15s occurred during a sortie over Sinuiju , North Korea . One MiG-15 was damaged during the engagement . - 23β24 June 1952 : The squadron participated in coordinated strikes against North Korean hydroelectric power plants , the first heavy attack conducted against these installations . Nine different hydroelectric power plants were struck by forces from Carrier Air Groups 2 , 7 , 11 , 19 , and the 5th Air Force . - 6β13 Feb 1955 : The squadron was on station and available for air support during the evacuation of over 26,000 personnel from the Tachen Islands during the First Taiwan Straits Crisis . - 24 Apr 1967 : Squadron aircraft participated in a multi-carrier coordinated strike against North Vietnamβs KΓ©p Air Base , northeast of Hanoi . This was the first time a strike had been conducted against a North Vietnam MiG airfield . - 10 May 1967 : Commander M . L . Minnis , Sr. , was awarded the Silver Star for action during a strike into North Vietnam against the thermal power plant at Haiphong . - Apr 1969 : Following the shoot down of a Navy EC-121 aircraft by the North Koreans , , with VA-112 aboard , along with two other attack carriers , was ordered to the Sea of Japan Home port assignments . The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Alameda β 09 Apr 1945 - NAAS Fallon β 30 Apr 1945 - NAAS Santa Rosa β 31 Jul 1945 - NAS Kahului β 21 Feb 1946 - NAS San Diego β 25 Nov 1946 - NAAS Miramar/NAS Miramar β 07 Apr 1951 - NAS Lemoore β 11 Sep 1961 Aircraft Assignment . The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-3/5 Hellcat β Apr 1945 - F8F-1 Bearcat β 11 Dec 1946 - F8F-2 Bearcat β 03 Jan 1949 - F9F-2 Panther β 11 Jan 1950 - F9F-2B Panther* β Jul 1950 - F9F-3 Panther β 31 May 1951 - F9F-2B Panther β 12 Jul 1951 - F9F-5 Panther β Oct 1952 - F9F-6 Cougar β Feb 1954 - F9F-8 Cougar β Jul 1955 - F9F-8B Cougar β Apr 1956 - F3H-2M Demon β 05 Apr 1957 - A4D-1/2 Skyhawk β Apr 1959 - A4D-2N/A4C Skyhawk β 26 Mar 1961 <NOWIKI>*</NOWIKI> The squadronβs F9F-2s were modified at NAS Barbers Point and equipped with rocket launchers and bomb racks and designated F9F-2Bs .
|
[
"VA-112"
] |
[
{
"text": " VA-112 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . It was established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron VBF-11 on 9 April 1945 , redesignated Fighter Squadron VF-12A on 15 November 1946 , then as VF-112 on 15 July 1948 . It was finally redesignated as VA-112 on 15 February 1959 . The squadron was disestablished on 10 October 1969 . Its nickname from 1961 to 1969 was the Broncos .",
"title": "VA-112 ( U.S . Navy )"
},
{
"text": " - 25 Mar 1948 : operated in the Persian Gulf with Saudi Arabian Prince Ibn Saud embarked to view air operations . However , the air display was cancelled because of a sand storm and hazy conditions . - 29 Apr 1948 : Valley Forge moored port side to Dokkeskjaerkaien Dock , Bergen , Norway . The mooring was conducted without the aid of tugs , using the engine power of the squadronβs eight F8Fs spotted on the forward deck and eight other aircraft on the aft deck . The mooring operation was called Operation Pinwheel .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 5 Aug 1950 : The squadron participated in its first combat operations , flying sorties against targets in the Mokpo-Kwangju area of South Korea .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 12β19 Sep 1950 : The squadron participated in the pre-assault strikes against targets in and around Inchon , Korea , in preparation for the Inchon landing on 15 September . These strikes included road , rail , and airfield sweeps and Combat Air Patrol . During and after the invasion the squadron continued to fly daily air sweeps , striking at targets of opportunity and the enemyβs lines of communications .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 10 Nov 1950 : The squadronβs first encounter with MiG-15s occurred during a sortie over Sinuiju , North Korea . One MiG-15 was damaged during the engagement .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 23β24 June 1952 : The squadron participated in coordinated strikes against North Korean hydroelectric power plants , the first heavy attack conducted against these installations . Nine different hydroelectric power plants were struck by forces from Carrier Air Groups 2 , 7 , 11 , 19 , and the 5th Air Force . - 6β13 Feb 1955 : The squadron was on station and available for air support during the evacuation of over 26,000 personnel from the Tachen Islands during the First Taiwan Straits Crisis .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": "- 24 Apr 1967 : Squadron aircraft participated in a multi-carrier coordinated strike against North Vietnamβs KΓ©p Air Base , northeast of Hanoi . This was the first time a strike had been conducted against a North Vietnam MiG airfield .",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " - 10 May 1967 : Commander M . L . Minnis , Sr. , was awarded the Silver Star for action during a strike into North Vietnam against the thermal power plant at Haiphong . - Apr 1969 : Following the shoot down of a Navy EC-121 aircraft by the North Koreans , , with VA-112 aboard , along with two other attack carriers , was ordered to the Sea of Japan",
"title": "Operational history"
},
{
"text": " The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Alameda β 09 Apr 1945 - NAAS Fallon β 30 Apr 1945 - NAAS Santa Rosa β 31 Jul 1945 - NAS Kahului β 21 Feb 1946 - NAS San Diego β 25 Nov 1946 - NAAS Miramar/NAS Miramar β 07 Apr 1951 - NAS Lemoore β 11 Sep 1961",
"title": "Home port assignments"
},
{
"text": " The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-3/5 Hellcat β Apr 1945 - F8F-1 Bearcat β 11 Dec 1946 - F8F-2 Bearcat β 03 Jan 1949 - F9F-2 Panther β 11 Jan 1950 - F9F-2B Panther* β Jul 1950 - F9F-3 Panther β 31 May 1951 - F9F-2B Panther β 12 Jul 1951 - F9F-5 Panther β Oct 1952 - F9F-6 Cougar β Feb 1954 - F9F-8 Cougar β Jul 1955 - F9F-8B Cougar β Apr 1956 - F3H-2M Demon β 05 Apr 1957 - A4D-1/2 Skyhawk β Apr 1959",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
},
{
"text": "- A4D-2N/A4C Skyhawk β 26 Mar 1961",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
},
{
"text": " <NOWIKI>*</NOWIKI> The squadronβs F9F-2s were modified at NAS Barbers Point and equipped with rocket launchers and bomb racks and designated F9F-2Bs .",
"title": "Aircraft Assignment"
}
] |
/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux#P1448#0
|
What was the official name of Red Hat Linux in Oct 1899?
|
Red Hat Linux Red Hat Linux , created by the company Red Hat , was a widely used Linux distribution until its discontinuation in 2004 . Early releases of Red Hat Linux were called Red Hat Commercial Linux . Red Hat published the first non-beta release in May 1995 . It was the first Linux distribution to use the RPM Package Manager as its packaging format , and over time has served as the starting point for several other distributions , such as Mandriva Linux and Yellow Dog Linux . In 2003 , Red Hat discontinued the Red Hat Linux line in favor of Red Hat Enterprise Linux ( RHEL ) for enterprise environments . Fedora , developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat , is a free-of-cost alternative intended for home use . Red Hat Linux 9 , the final release , hit its official end-of-life on April 30 , 2004 , although updates were published for it through 2006 by the Fedora Legacy project until that shut down in early 2007 . Features . Version 3.0.3 was one of the first Linux distributions to support ELF ( Executable and Linkable Format ) binaries instead of the older a.out format . Red Hat Linux introduced a graphical installer called Anaconda developed by Ketan Bagal , intended to be easy to use for novices , and which has since been adopted by some other Linux distributions . It also introduced a built-in tool called Lokkit for configuring the firewall capabilities . In version 6 Red Hat moved to glibc 2.1 , egcs-1.2 , and to the 2.2 kernel . It also introduced Kudzu , a software library for automatic discovery and configuration of hardware . Version 7 was released in preparation for the 2.4 kernel , although the first release still used the stable 2.2 kernel . Glibc was updated to version 2.1.92 , which was a beta of the upcoming version 2.2 and Red Hat used a patched version of GCC from CVS that they called 2.96 . The decision to ship an unstable GCC version was due to GCC 2.95s bad performance on non-i386 platforms , especially DEC Alpha . Newer GCCs had also improved support for the C++ standard , which caused much of the existing code not to compile . In particular , the use of a non-released version of GCC caused some criticism , e.g . from Linus Torvalds and the GCC Steering Committee ; Red Hat was forced to defend their decision . GCC 2.96 failed to compile the Linux kernel , and some other software used in Red Hat , due to stricter checks . It also had an incompatible C++ ABI with other compilers . The distribution included a previous version of GCC for compiling the kernel , called kgcc . As of Red Hat Linux 7.0 , UTF-8 was enabled as the default character encoding for the system . This had little effect on English-speaking users , but enabled much easier internationalisation and seamless support for multiple languages , including ideographic , bi-directional , and complex script languages along with European languages . However , this did cause some negative reactions among existing Western European users , whose legacy ISO-8859βbased setups were broken by the change . Version 8.0 was also the second to include the Bluecurve desktop theme . It used a common theme for GNOME-2 and KDE 3.0.2 desktops , as well as OpenOffice-1.0 . KDE members did not appreciate the change , claiming that it was not in the best interests of KDE . Version 9 supported the Native POSIX Thread Library , which was ported to the 2.4 series kernels by Red Hat . Red Hat Linux lacked many features due to possible copyright and patent problems . For example , MP3 support was disabled in both Rhythmbox and XMMS ; instead , Red Hat recommended using Ogg Vorbis , which has no patents . MP3 support , however , could be installed afterwards , although royalties are required everywhere MP3 is patented . Support for Microsofts NTFS file system was also missing , but could be freely installed as well . Fedora . Red Hat Linux was originally developed exclusively inside Red Hat , with the only feedback from users coming through bug reports and contributions to the included software packages β not contributions to the distribution as such . This was changed in late 2003 when Red Hat Linux merged with the community-based Fedora Project . The new plan was to draw most of the codebase from Fedora when creating new Red Hat Enterprise Linux distributions . Fedora replaced the original Red Hat Linux download and retail version . The model is similar to the relationship between Netscape Communicator and Mozilla , or StarOffice and OpenOffice.org , although in this case the resulting commercial product is also fully free software . Version history . Release dates were drawn from announcements on comp.os.linux.announce . Version names are chosen as to be cognitively related to the prior release , yet not related in the same way as the release before that . The Fedora and Red Hat Projects were merged on September 22 , 2003 .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Red Hat Linux , created by the company Red Hat , was a widely used Linux distribution until its discontinuation in 2004 . Early releases of Red Hat Linux were called Red Hat Commercial Linux . Red Hat published the first non-beta release in May 1995 . It was the first Linux distribution to use the RPM Package Manager as its packaging format , and over time has served as the starting point for several other distributions , such as Mandriva Linux and Yellow Dog Linux .",
"title": "Red Hat Linux"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Red Hat discontinued the Red Hat Linux line in favor of Red Hat Enterprise Linux ( RHEL ) for enterprise environments . Fedora , developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat , is a free-of-cost alternative intended for home use . Red Hat Linux 9 , the final release , hit its official end-of-life on April 30 , 2004 , although updates were published for it through 2006 by the Fedora Legacy project until that shut down in early 2007 .",
"title": "Red Hat Linux"
},
{
"text": " Version 3.0.3 was one of the first Linux distributions to support ELF ( Executable and Linkable Format ) binaries instead of the older a.out format . Red Hat Linux introduced a graphical installer called Anaconda developed by Ketan Bagal , intended to be easy to use for novices , and which has since been adopted by some other Linux distributions . It also introduced a built-in tool called Lokkit for configuring the firewall capabilities .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "In version 6 Red Hat moved to glibc 2.1 , egcs-1.2 , and to the 2.2 kernel . It also introduced Kudzu , a software library for automatic discovery and configuration of hardware .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": " Version 7 was released in preparation for the 2.4 kernel , although the first release still used the stable 2.2 kernel . Glibc was updated to version 2.1.92 , which was a beta of the upcoming version 2.2 and Red Hat used a patched version of GCC from CVS that they called 2.96 . The decision to ship an unstable GCC version was due to GCC 2.95s bad performance on non-i386 platforms , especially DEC Alpha . Newer GCCs had also improved support for the C++ standard , which caused much of the existing code not to compile .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "In particular , the use of a non-released version of GCC caused some criticism , e.g . from Linus Torvalds and the GCC Steering Committee ; Red Hat was forced to defend their decision .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": " GCC 2.96 failed to compile the Linux kernel , and some other software used in Red Hat , due to stricter checks . It also had an incompatible C++ ABI with other compilers . The distribution included a previous version of GCC for compiling the kernel , called kgcc .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "As of Red Hat Linux 7.0 , UTF-8 was enabled as the default character encoding for the system . This had little effect on English-speaking users , but enabled much easier internationalisation and seamless support for multiple languages , including ideographic , bi-directional , and complex script languages along with European languages . However , this did cause some negative reactions among existing Western European users , whose legacy ISO-8859βbased setups were broken by the change .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": " Version 8.0 was also the second to include the Bluecurve desktop theme . It used a common theme for GNOME-2 and KDE 3.0.2 desktops , as well as OpenOffice-1.0 . KDE members did not appreciate the change , claiming that it was not in the best interests of KDE . Version 9 supported the Native POSIX Thread Library , which was ported to the 2.4 series kernels by Red Hat .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "Red Hat Linux lacked many features due to possible copyright and patent problems . For example , MP3 support was disabled in both Rhythmbox and XMMS ; instead , Red Hat recommended using Ogg Vorbis , which has no patents . MP3 support , however , could be installed afterwards , although royalties are required everywhere MP3 is patented . Support for Microsofts NTFS file system was also missing , but could be freely installed as well .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "Red Hat Linux was originally developed exclusively inside Red Hat , with the only feedback from users coming through bug reports and contributions to the included software packages β not contributions to the distribution as such . This was changed in late 2003 when Red Hat Linux merged with the community-based Fedora Project . The new plan was to draw most of the codebase from Fedora when creating new Red Hat Enterprise Linux distributions . Fedora replaced the original Red Hat Linux download and retail version . The model is similar to the relationship between Netscape Communicator and Mozilla ,",
"title": "Fedora"
},
{
"text": "or StarOffice and OpenOffice.org , although in this case the resulting commercial product is also fully free software .",
"title": "Fedora"
},
{
"text": " Release dates were drawn from announcements on comp.os.linux.announce . Version names are chosen as to be cognitively related to the prior release , yet not related in the same way as the release before that . The Fedora and Red Hat Projects were merged on September 22 , 2003 .",
"title": "Version history"
}
] |
/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux#P1448#1
|
What was the official name of Red Hat Linux in early 1990s?
|
Red Hat Linux Red Hat Linux , created by the company Red Hat , was a widely used Linux distribution until its discontinuation in 2004 . Early releases of Red Hat Linux were called Red Hat Commercial Linux . Red Hat published the first non-beta release in May 1995 . It was the first Linux distribution to use the RPM Package Manager as its packaging format , and over time has served as the starting point for several other distributions , such as Mandriva Linux and Yellow Dog Linux . In 2003 , Red Hat discontinued the Red Hat Linux line in favor of Red Hat Enterprise Linux ( RHEL ) for enterprise environments . Fedora , developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat , is a free-of-cost alternative intended for home use . Red Hat Linux 9 , the final release , hit its official end-of-life on April 30 , 2004 , although updates were published for it through 2006 by the Fedora Legacy project until that shut down in early 2007 . Features . Version 3.0.3 was one of the first Linux distributions to support ELF ( Executable and Linkable Format ) binaries instead of the older a.out format . Red Hat Linux introduced a graphical installer called Anaconda developed by Ketan Bagal , intended to be easy to use for novices , and which has since been adopted by some other Linux distributions . It also introduced a built-in tool called Lokkit for configuring the firewall capabilities . In version 6 Red Hat moved to glibc 2.1 , egcs-1.2 , and to the 2.2 kernel . It also introduced Kudzu , a software library for automatic discovery and configuration of hardware . Version 7 was released in preparation for the 2.4 kernel , although the first release still used the stable 2.2 kernel . Glibc was updated to version 2.1.92 , which was a beta of the upcoming version 2.2 and Red Hat used a patched version of GCC from CVS that they called 2.96 . The decision to ship an unstable GCC version was due to GCC 2.95s bad performance on non-i386 platforms , especially DEC Alpha . Newer GCCs had also improved support for the C++ standard , which caused much of the existing code not to compile . In particular , the use of a non-released version of GCC caused some criticism , e.g . from Linus Torvalds and the GCC Steering Committee ; Red Hat was forced to defend their decision . GCC 2.96 failed to compile the Linux kernel , and some other software used in Red Hat , due to stricter checks . It also had an incompatible C++ ABI with other compilers . The distribution included a previous version of GCC for compiling the kernel , called kgcc . As of Red Hat Linux 7.0 , UTF-8 was enabled as the default character encoding for the system . This had little effect on English-speaking users , but enabled much easier internationalisation and seamless support for multiple languages , including ideographic , bi-directional , and complex script languages along with European languages . However , this did cause some negative reactions among existing Western European users , whose legacy ISO-8859βbased setups were broken by the change . Version 8.0 was also the second to include the Bluecurve desktop theme . It used a common theme for GNOME-2 and KDE 3.0.2 desktops , as well as OpenOffice-1.0 . KDE members did not appreciate the change , claiming that it was not in the best interests of KDE . Version 9 supported the Native POSIX Thread Library , which was ported to the 2.4 series kernels by Red Hat . Red Hat Linux lacked many features due to possible copyright and patent problems . For example , MP3 support was disabled in both Rhythmbox and XMMS ; instead , Red Hat recommended using Ogg Vorbis , which has no patents . MP3 support , however , could be installed afterwards , although royalties are required everywhere MP3 is patented . Support for Microsofts NTFS file system was also missing , but could be freely installed as well . Fedora . Red Hat Linux was originally developed exclusively inside Red Hat , with the only feedback from users coming through bug reports and contributions to the included software packages β not contributions to the distribution as such . This was changed in late 2003 when Red Hat Linux merged with the community-based Fedora Project . The new plan was to draw most of the codebase from Fedora when creating new Red Hat Enterprise Linux distributions . Fedora replaced the original Red Hat Linux download and retail version . The model is similar to the relationship between Netscape Communicator and Mozilla , or StarOffice and OpenOffice.org , although in this case the resulting commercial product is also fully free software . Version history . Release dates were drawn from announcements on comp.os.linux.announce . Version names are chosen as to be cognitively related to the prior release , yet not related in the same way as the release before that . The Fedora and Red Hat Projects were merged on September 22 , 2003 .
|
[
"Red Hat Commercial Linux"
] |
[
{
"text": " Red Hat Linux , created by the company Red Hat , was a widely used Linux distribution until its discontinuation in 2004 . Early releases of Red Hat Linux were called Red Hat Commercial Linux . Red Hat published the first non-beta release in May 1995 . It was the first Linux distribution to use the RPM Package Manager as its packaging format , and over time has served as the starting point for several other distributions , such as Mandriva Linux and Yellow Dog Linux .",
"title": "Red Hat Linux"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Red Hat discontinued the Red Hat Linux line in favor of Red Hat Enterprise Linux ( RHEL ) for enterprise environments . Fedora , developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat , is a free-of-cost alternative intended for home use . Red Hat Linux 9 , the final release , hit its official end-of-life on April 30 , 2004 , although updates were published for it through 2006 by the Fedora Legacy project until that shut down in early 2007 .",
"title": "Red Hat Linux"
},
{
"text": " Version 3.0.3 was one of the first Linux distributions to support ELF ( Executable and Linkable Format ) binaries instead of the older a.out format . Red Hat Linux introduced a graphical installer called Anaconda developed by Ketan Bagal , intended to be easy to use for novices , and which has since been adopted by some other Linux distributions . It also introduced a built-in tool called Lokkit for configuring the firewall capabilities .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "In version 6 Red Hat moved to glibc 2.1 , egcs-1.2 , and to the 2.2 kernel . It also introduced Kudzu , a software library for automatic discovery and configuration of hardware .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": " Version 7 was released in preparation for the 2.4 kernel , although the first release still used the stable 2.2 kernel . Glibc was updated to version 2.1.92 , which was a beta of the upcoming version 2.2 and Red Hat used a patched version of GCC from CVS that they called 2.96 . The decision to ship an unstable GCC version was due to GCC 2.95s bad performance on non-i386 platforms , especially DEC Alpha . Newer GCCs had also improved support for the C++ standard , which caused much of the existing code not to compile .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "In particular , the use of a non-released version of GCC caused some criticism , e.g . from Linus Torvalds and the GCC Steering Committee ; Red Hat was forced to defend their decision .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": " GCC 2.96 failed to compile the Linux kernel , and some other software used in Red Hat , due to stricter checks . It also had an incompatible C++ ABI with other compilers . The distribution included a previous version of GCC for compiling the kernel , called kgcc .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "As of Red Hat Linux 7.0 , UTF-8 was enabled as the default character encoding for the system . This had little effect on English-speaking users , but enabled much easier internationalisation and seamless support for multiple languages , including ideographic , bi-directional , and complex script languages along with European languages . However , this did cause some negative reactions among existing Western European users , whose legacy ISO-8859βbased setups were broken by the change .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": " Version 8.0 was also the second to include the Bluecurve desktop theme . It used a common theme for GNOME-2 and KDE 3.0.2 desktops , as well as OpenOffice-1.0 . KDE members did not appreciate the change , claiming that it was not in the best interests of KDE . Version 9 supported the Native POSIX Thread Library , which was ported to the 2.4 series kernels by Red Hat .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "Red Hat Linux lacked many features due to possible copyright and patent problems . For example , MP3 support was disabled in both Rhythmbox and XMMS ; instead , Red Hat recommended using Ogg Vorbis , which has no patents . MP3 support , however , could be installed afterwards , although royalties are required everywhere MP3 is patented . Support for Microsofts NTFS file system was also missing , but could be freely installed as well .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "Red Hat Linux was originally developed exclusively inside Red Hat , with the only feedback from users coming through bug reports and contributions to the included software packages β not contributions to the distribution as such . This was changed in late 2003 when Red Hat Linux merged with the community-based Fedora Project . The new plan was to draw most of the codebase from Fedora when creating new Red Hat Enterprise Linux distributions . Fedora replaced the original Red Hat Linux download and retail version . The model is similar to the relationship between Netscape Communicator and Mozilla ,",
"title": "Fedora"
},
{
"text": "or StarOffice and OpenOffice.org , although in this case the resulting commercial product is also fully free software .",
"title": "Fedora"
},
{
"text": " Release dates were drawn from announcements on comp.os.linux.announce . Version names are chosen as to be cognitively related to the prior release , yet not related in the same way as the release before that . The Fedora and Red Hat Projects were merged on September 22 , 2003 .",
"title": "Version history"
}
] |
/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux#P1448#2
|
What was the official name of Red Hat Linux after Jul 1995?
|
Red Hat Linux Red Hat Linux , created by the company Red Hat , was a widely used Linux distribution until its discontinuation in 2004 . Early releases of Red Hat Linux were called Red Hat Commercial Linux . Red Hat published the first non-beta release in May 1995 . It was the first Linux distribution to use the RPM Package Manager as its packaging format , and over time has served as the starting point for several other distributions , such as Mandriva Linux and Yellow Dog Linux . In 2003 , Red Hat discontinued the Red Hat Linux line in favor of Red Hat Enterprise Linux ( RHEL ) for enterprise environments . Fedora , developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat , is a free-of-cost alternative intended for home use . Red Hat Linux 9 , the final release , hit its official end-of-life on April 30 , 2004 , although updates were published for it through 2006 by the Fedora Legacy project until that shut down in early 2007 . Features . Version 3.0.3 was one of the first Linux distributions to support ELF ( Executable and Linkable Format ) binaries instead of the older a.out format . Red Hat Linux introduced a graphical installer called Anaconda developed by Ketan Bagal , intended to be easy to use for novices , and which has since been adopted by some other Linux distributions . It also introduced a built-in tool called Lokkit for configuring the firewall capabilities . In version 6 Red Hat moved to glibc 2.1 , egcs-1.2 , and to the 2.2 kernel . It also introduced Kudzu , a software library for automatic discovery and configuration of hardware . Version 7 was released in preparation for the 2.4 kernel , although the first release still used the stable 2.2 kernel . Glibc was updated to version 2.1.92 , which was a beta of the upcoming version 2.2 and Red Hat used a patched version of GCC from CVS that they called 2.96 . The decision to ship an unstable GCC version was due to GCC 2.95s bad performance on non-i386 platforms , especially DEC Alpha . Newer GCCs had also improved support for the C++ standard , which caused much of the existing code not to compile . In particular , the use of a non-released version of GCC caused some criticism , e.g . from Linus Torvalds and the GCC Steering Committee ; Red Hat was forced to defend their decision . GCC 2.96 failed to compile the Linux kernel , and some other software used in Red Hat , due to stricter checks . It also had an incompatible C++ ABI with other compilers . The distribution included a previous version of GCC for compiling the kernel , called kgcc . As of Red Hat Linux 7.0 , UTF-8 was enabled as the default character encoding for the system . This had little effect on English-speaking users , but enabled much easier internationalisation and seamless support for multiple languages , including ideographic , bi-directional , and complex script languages along with European languages . However , this did cause some negative reactions among existing Western European users , whose legacy ISO-8859βbased setups were broken by the change . Version 8.0 was also the second to include the Bluecurve desktop theme . It used a common theme for GNOME-2 and KDE 3.0.2 desktops , as well as OpenOffice-1.0 . KDE members did not appreciate the change , claiming that it was not in the best interests of KDE . Version 9 supported the Native POSIX Thread Library , which was ported to the 2.4 series kernels by Red Hat . Red Hat Linux lacked many features due to possible copyright and patent problems . For example , MP3 support was disabled in both Rhythmbox and XMMS ; instead , Red Hat recommended using Ogg Vorbis , which has no patents . MP3 support , however , could be installed afterwards , although royalties are required everywhere MP3 is patented . Support for Microsofts NTFS file system was also missing , but could be freely installed as well . Fedora . Red Hat Linux was originally developed exclusively inside Red Hat , with the only feedback from users coming through bug reports and contributions to the included software packages β not contributions to the distribution as such . This was changed in late 2003 when Red Hat Linux merged with the community-based Fedora Project . The new plan was to draw most of the codebase from Fedora when creating new Red Hat Enterprise Linux distributions . Fedora replaced the original Red Hat Linux download and retail version . The model is similar to the relationship between Netscape Communicator and Mozilla , or StarOffice and OpenOffice.org , although in this case the resulting commercial product is also fully free software . Version history . Release dates were drawn from announcements on comp.os.linux.announce . Version names are chosen as to be cognitively related to the prior release , yet not related in the same way as the release before that . The Fedora and Red Hat Projects were merged on September 22 , 2003 .
|
[
"Red Hat Linux"
] |
[
{
"text": " Red Hat Linux , created by the company Red Hat , was a widely used Linux distribution until its discontinuation in 2004 . Early releases of Red Hat Linux were called Red Hat Commercial Linux . Red Hat published the first non-beta release in May 1995 . It was the first Linux distribution to use the RPM Package Manager as its packaging format , and over time has served as the starting point for several other distributions , such as Mandriva Linux and Yellow Dog Linux .",
"title": "Red Hat Linux"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Red Hat discontinued the Red Hat Linux line in favor of Red Hat Enterprise Linux ( RHEL ) for enterprise environments . Fedora , developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat , is a free-of-cost alternative intended for home use . Red Hat Linux 9 , the final release , hit its official end-of-life on April 30 , 2004 , although updates were published for it through 2006 by the Fedora Legacy project until that shut down in early 2007 .",
"title": "Red Hat Linux"
},
{
"text": " Version 3.0.3 was one of the first Linux distributions to support ELF ( Executable and Linkable Format ) binaries instead of the older a.out format . Red Hat Linux introduced a graphical installer called Anaconda developed by Ketan Bagal , intended to be easy to use for novices , and which has since been adopted by some other Linux distributions . It also introduced a built-in tool called Lokkit for configuring the firewall capabilities .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "In version 6 Red Hat moved to glibc 2.1 , egcs-1.2 , and to the 2.2 kernel . It also introduced Kudzu , a software library for automatic discovery and configuration of hardware .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": " Version 7 was released in preparation for the 2.4 kernel , although the first release still used the stable 2.2 kernel . Glibc was updated to version 2.1.92 , which was a beta of the upcoming version 2.2 and Red Hat used a patched version of GCC from CVS that they called 2.96 . The decision to ship an unstable GCC version was due to GCC 2.95s bad performance on non-i386 platforms , especially DEC Alpha . Newer GCCs had also improved support for the C++ standard , which caused much of the existing code not to compile .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "In particular , the use of a non-released version of GCC caused some criticism , e.g . from Linus Torvalds and the GCC Steering Committee ; Red Hat was forced to defend their decision .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": " GCC 2.96 failed to compile the Linux kernel , and some other software used in Red Hat , due to stricter checks . It also had an incompatible C++ ABI with other compilers . The distribution included a previous version of GCC for compiling the kernel , called kgcc .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "As of Red Hat Linux 7.0 , UTF-8 was enabled as the default character encoding for the system . This had little effect on English-speaking users , but enabled much easier internationalisation and seamless support for multiple languages , including ideographic , bi-directional , and complex script languages along with European languages . However , this did cause some negative reactions among existing Western European users , whose legacy ISO-8859βbased setups were broken by the change .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": " Version 8.0 was also the second to include the Bluecurve desktop theme . It used a common theme for GNOME-2 and KDE 3.0.2 desktops , as well as OpenOffice-1.0 . KDE members did not appreciate the change , claiming that it was not in the best interests of KDE . Version 9 supported the Native POSIX Thread Library , which was ported to the 2.4 series kernels by Red Hat .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "Red Hat Linux lacked many features due to possible copyright and patent problems . For example , MP3 support was disabled in both Rhythmbox and XMMS ; instead , Red Hat recommended using Ogg Vorbis , which has no patents . MP3 support , however , could be installed afterwards , although royalties are required everywhere MP3 is patented . Support for Microsofts NTFS file system was also missing , but could be freely installed as well .",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"text": "Red Hat Linux was originally developed exclusively inside Red Hat , with the only feedback from users coming through bug reports and contributions to the included software packages β not contributions to the distribution as such . This was changed in late 2003 when Red Hat Linux merged with the community-based Fedora Project . The new plan was to draw most of the codebase from Fedora when creating new Red Hat Enterprise Linux distributions . Fedora replaced the original Red Hat Linux download and retail version . The model is similar to the relationship between Netscape Communicator and Mozilla ,",
"title": "Fedora"
},
{
"text": "or StarOffice and OpenOffice.org , although in this case the resulting commercial product is also fully free software .",
"title": "Fedora"
},
{
"text": " Release dates were drawn from announcements on comp.os.linux.announce . Version names are chosen as to be cognitively related to the prior release , yet not related in the same way as the release before that . The Fedora and Red Hat Projects were merged on September 22 , 2003 .",
"title": "Version history"
}
] |
/wiki/Jonny_Hayes#P54#0
|
Jonny Hayes played for which team in Sep 2005?
|
Jonny Hayes Jonathan Hayes ( born 9 July 1987 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for the Scottish Premiership team Aberdeen and Republic of Ireland . He began his career in England with Reading , but did not break through to their first team , serving two loan spells prior to being released . Picked up by Leicester City , his opportunities were also limited and again he went out on loan twice . He joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle in Scotland in 2009 , becoming an important member of the team , a status he also enjoyed after moving on to Aberdeen three years later . In 2017 he signed for Celtic , the reigning Scottish champions , helping them to defend their title and win the following two as a squad member , sometimes playing at left back ; he left in 2020 and returned to Aberdeen in June 2020 Club career . Early career . Hayes was born in Dublin , County Dublin . He started his career at Reading , but with first team opportunities limited , he joined Forest Green Rovers on loan in February 2006 , scoring on his debut in the FA Trophy against Dorchester Town . He spent a month on loan at Chesterfield in October 2006 without making an appearance , and in January 2007 , was loaned to MK Dons until the end of the 2006β07 season . Leicester City . On 6 June 2007 , Hayes was released by Reading at the end of his contract . He joined Leicester City on a three-year deal on 4 July 2007 , and made his league debut against Blackpool on 11 August . On 20 July 2009 , Hayes was released from his Leicester contract by mutual consent . Northampton Town ( loan ) . On 7 January 2008 , Hayes joined Northampton Town on loan until the end of the season . On 13 October , Hayes joined Cheltenham Town on a trial period , with a view to a loan move , a move which was confirmed on 20 October 2008 . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 22 July 2009 , Hayes joined Scottish First Division side Inverness Caledonian Thistle after a successful trial period . Inverness were promoted to the Scottish Premier League at the end of the 2009β10 season . Hayes was part of the team that guided Inverness to the Challenge Cup final against Dundee . Hayes was involved in setting up both goals for Adam Rooney and Nauris Bulvitis , however , the Highlanders lost out 3β2 to Dundee at McDiarmid Park in Perth Hayes was linked with a move away from Inverness after impressing in his debut season with the club , as his contract was expiring . However , he went on to sign a new two-year deal . On 11 September 2010 , he scored the opening goal in an SPL match against Rangers with a stunning long-range strike . Hayes left Inverness after the 2011β12 season . He rejected their offer of a new one-year contract . Aberdeen . Aberdeen claimed a deal had been struck with Hayes on 30 May 2012 . Almost a month later , Hayes finally put pen to paper , signing a two-year contract with the Dons . Hayes went on to make his competitive debut for Aberdeen , in an opening day 1β0 defeat away to SPL champions Celtic . The following weekend , Hayes made his home debut against newly promoted side Ross County in a game which finished 0β0 . He scored his first goal in Aberdeen colours in a testimonial for Neil Simpson against Manchester United . The midfielder showed good perseverance , pinching the ball off of Paul Scholes in the penalty box , before beating David de Gea with a composed finish . Hayes scored his first competitive goal for the Dons in a 2β1 victory away to St Johnstone . He pounced on a mistake by goalkeeper Alan Mannus and defender Frazer Wright , leaving Hayes with the easy task of firing into the empty net , before celebrating in front of the travelling Aberdeen support . On 15 September , he provided an assist for Cammy Smith to equalise against his old club , Inverness , in the dying minutes . The game finished 1β1 . On 3 August 2013 , Hayes opened the scoring in the first match of the new season against Kilmarnock . This goal gave Hayes the honour of scoring the first ever goal in the new Scottish Premiership . Hayes agreed a contract extension in November 2013 that would keep him at Aberdeen until the summer of 2016 . In a 4β0 win over St Johnstone in the League Cup semi-final at Tynecastle , Hayes scored twice to help send the Dons into their first major cup final for 14 years . A poor goal kick by Steve Banks allowed Adam Rooney to square the ball across the six-yard box for Hayes to knock into the net . Clever footwork by the winger late in the second half led to a fine finish just inside the 18-yard box to wrap up the match and send Aberdeen through to the final . Celtic goalkeeper Fraser Forsters run of clean sheets ( 13 games ) was finally ended on 1,256 minutes on 25 February 2014 when Hayes beat him from 30 yards to open the scoring in a 2β1 win for The Dons . The goal was later voted as the SPFL Goal of the Season . On 16 March 2014 , Hayes started for Aberdeen in the League Cup Final but early on he suffered a shoulder injury and had to be replaced by Cammy Smith . In the opening match of the 2014β15 season he scored Aberdeens fourth goal in a 5β0 victory against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round first leg . On 29 December 2014 , it was announced that Hayes had signed a contract extension , keeping him at Aberdeen until summer 2018 . In February 2016 , Hayes had 18 stitches in his arm after being bitten by a dog . Celtic . On 17 June 2017 , Hayes signed a three-year deal with Scottish Premiership champions Celtic , for a fee in the region of Β£1 million . On 23 December 2017 , Hayes scored his first competitive goal for Celtic against his former club Aberdeen , scoring the second goal in a 3β0 win . He spent the second half of the season out injured after a tackle during a game against Dundee on Boxing Day , three days after his first goal of the season . He scored his second goal for the club in the 2β0 win over Rangers at Ibrox on 1 September 2019 . He was released by the club in May 2020 . Return to Aberdeen . Hayes rejoined Aberdeen on a free transfer from Celtic , his contract having expired , on 23 June 2020 , after three years away from the club . He signed a two-year deal , taking a significantly smaller wage to re-sign . In August 2020 he was one of eight Aberdeen players who received a suspended three-match ban from the Scottish FA after they breached coronavirus-related restrictions by visiting a bar earlier in the month . International career . Hayes received his first senior call-up in March 2016 . Honours . Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009β10 Aberdeen - Scottish League Cup : 2013β14 Celtic - Scottish Premiership : 2017β18 , 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish League Cup : 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish Cup : 2018β19 Individual - SFL Player of the Month : November 2009 & April 2010 - SPFA Goal of the Season : 2013β14 - SPFA Premiership Team of the Year : 2015β16 , 2016β17 - Aberdeen FC Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Players Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Goal of the Season : 2015β16 - Evening Express Player of the Year : 2014β15 External links . - Ireland profile at SoccerScene.ie
|
[
"Reading",
"Leicester City"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jonathan Hayes ( born 9 July 1987 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for the Scottish Premiership team Aberdeen and Republic of Ireland .",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": "He began his career in England with Reading , but did not break through to their first team , serving two loan spells prior to being released . Picked up by Leicester City , his opportunities were also limited and again he went out on loan twice . He joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle in Scotland in 2009 , becoming an important member of the team , a status he also enjoyed after moving on to Aberdeen three years later . In 2017 he signed for Celtic , the reigning Scottish champions , helping them to defend their title and win",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": "the following two as a squad member , sometimes playing at left back ; he left in 2020 and returned to Aberdeen in June 2020",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": " Hayes was born in Dublin , County Dublin . He started his career at Reading , but with first team opportunities limited , he joined Forest Green Rovers on loan in February 2006 , scoring on his debut in the FA Trophy against Dorchester Town . He spent a month on loan at Chesterfield in October 2006 without making an appearance , and in January 2007 , was loaned to MK Dons until the end of the 2006β07 season .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " On 6 June 2007 , Hayes was released by Reading at the end of his contract . He joined Leicester City on a three-year deal on 4 July 2007 , and made his league debut against Blackpool on 11 August . On 20 July 2009 , Hayes was released from his Leicester contract by mutual consent . Northampton Town ( loan ) .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 7 January 2008 , Hayes joined Northampton Town on loan until the end of the season . On 13 October , Hayes joined Cheltenham Town on a trial period , with a view to a loan move , a move which was confirmed on 20 October 2008 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": " On 22 July 2009 , Hayes joined Scottish First Division side Inverness Caledonian Thistle after a successful trial period . Inverness were promoted to the Scottish Premier League at the end of the 2009β10 season . Hayes was part of the team that guided Inverness to the Challenge Cup final against Dundee . Hayes was involved in setting up both goals for Adam Rooney and Nauris Bulvitis , however , the Highlanders lost out 3β2 to Dundee at McDiarmid Park in Perth",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Hayes was linked with a move away from Inverness after impressing in his debut season with the club , as his contract was expiring . However , he went on to sign a new two-year deal . On 11 September 2010 , he scored the opening goal in an SPL match against Rangers with a stunning long-range strike .",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": " Hayes left Inverness after the 2011β12 season . He rejected their offer of a new one-year contract .",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Aberdeen claimed a deal had been struck with Hayes on 30 May 2012 . Almost a month later , Hayes finally put pen to paper , signing a two-year contract with the Dons . Hayes went on to make his competitive debut for Aberdeen , in an opening day 1β0 defeat away to SPL champions Celtic . The following weekend , Hayes made his home debut against newly promoted side Ross County in a game which finished 0β0 . He scored his first goal in Aberdeen colours in a testimonial for Neil Simpson against Manchester United . The midfielder showed",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "good perseverance , pinching the ball off of Paul Scholes in the penalty box , before beating David de Gea with a composed finish .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " Hayes scored his first competitive goal for the Dons in a 2β1 victory away to St Johnstone . He pounced on a mistake by goalkeeper Alan Mannus and defender Frazer Wright , leaving Hayes with the easy task of firing into the empty net , before celebrating in front of the travelling Aberdeen support . On 15 September , he provided an assist for Cammy Smith to equalise against his old club , Inverness , in the dying minutes . The game finished 1β1 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "On 3 August 2013 , Hayes opened the scoring in the first match of the new season against Kilmarnock . This goal gave Hayes the honour of scoring the first ever goal in the new Scottish Premiership . Hayes agreed a contract extension in November 2013 that would keep him at Aberdeen until the summer of 2016 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "In a 4β0 win over St Johnstone in the League Cup semi-final at Tynecastle , Hayes scored twice to help send the Dons into their first major cup final for 14 years . A poor goal kick by Steve Banks allowed Adam Rooney to square the ball across the six-yard box for Hayes to knock into the net . Clever footwork by the winger late in the second half led to a fine finish just inside the 18-yard box to wrap up the match and send Aberdeen through to the final . Celtic goalkeeper Fraser Forsters run of clean sheets",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "( 13 games ) was finally ended on 1,256 minutes on 25 February 2014 when Hayes beat him from 30 yards to open the scoring in a 2β1 win for The Dons . The goal was later voted as the SPFL Goal of the Season . On 16 March 2014 , Hayes started for Aberdeen in the League Cup Final but early on he suffered a shoulder injury and had to be replaced by Cammy Smith .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " In the opening match of the 2014β15 season he scored Aberdeens fourth goal in a 5β0 victory against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round first leg . On 29 December 2014 , it was announced that Hayes had signed a contract extension , keeping him at Aberdeen until summer 2018 . In February 2016 , Hayes had 18 stitches in his arm after being bitten by a dog .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "On 17 June 2017 , Hayes signed a three-year deal with Scottish Premiership champions Celtic , for a fee in the region of Β£1 million . On 23 December 2017 , Hayes scored his first competitive goal for Celtic against his former club Aberdeen , scoring the second goal in a 3β0 win . He spent the second half of the season out injured after a tackle during a game against Dundee on Boxing Day , three days after his first goal of the season . He scored his second goal for the club in the 2β0 win over Rangers",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "at Ibrox on 1 September 2019 . He was released by the club in May 2020 .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " Hayes rejoined Aberdeen on a free transfer from Celtic , his contract having expired , on 23 June 2020 , after three years away from the club . He signed a two-year deal , taking a significantly smaller wage to re-sign . In August 2020 he was one of eight Aberdeen players who received a suspended three-match ban from the Scottish FA after they breached coronavirus-related restrictions by visiting a bar earlier in the month .",
"title": "Return to Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Premiership : 2017β18 , 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish League Cup : 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish Cup : 2018β19",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " - SFL Player of the Month : November 2009 & April 2010 - SPFA Goal of the Season : 2013β14 - SPFA Premiership Team of the Year : 2015β16 , 2016β17 - Aberdeen FC Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Players Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Goal of the Season : 2015β16 - Evening Express Player of the Year : 2014β15",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Ireland profile at SoccerScene.ie",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Jonny_Hayes#P54#1
|
Jonny Hayes played for which team between May 2008 and Sep 2008?
|
Jonny Hayes Jonathan Hayes ( born 9 July 1987 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for the Scottish Premiership team Aberdeen and Republic of Ireland . He began his career in England with Reading , but did not break through to their first team , serving two loan spells prior to being released . Picked up by Leicester City , his opportunities were also limited and again he went out on loan twice . He joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle in Scotland in 2009 , becoming an important member of the team , a status he also enjoyed after moving on to Aberdeen three years later . In 2017 he signed for Celtic , the reigning Scottish champions , helping them to defend their title and win the following two as a squad member , sometimes playing at left back ; he left in 2020 and returned to Aberdeen in June 2020 Club career . Early career . Hayes was born in Dublin , County Dublin . He started his career at Reading , but with first team opportunities limited , he joined Forest Green Rovers on loan in February 2006 , scoring on his debut in the FA Trophy against Dorchester Town . He spent a month on loan at Chesterfield in October 2006 without making an appearance , and in January 2007 , was loaned to MK Dons until the end of the 2006β07 season . Leicester City . On 6 June 2007 , Hayes was released by Reading at the end of his contract . He joined Leicester City on a three-year deal on 4 July 2007 , and made his league debut against Blackpool on 11 August . On 20 July 2009 , Hayes was released from his Leicester contract by mutual consent . Northampton Town ( loan ) . On 7 January 2008 , Hayes joined Northampton Town on loan until the end of the season . On 13 October , Hayes joined Cheltenham Town on a trial period , with a view to a loan move , a move which was confirmed on 20 October 2008 . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 22 July 2009 , Hayes joined Scottish First Division side Inverness Caledonian Thistle after a successful trial period . Inverness were promoted to the Scottish Premier League at the end of the 2009β10 season . Hayes was part of the team that guided Inverness to the Challenge Cup final against Dundee . Hayes was involved in setting up both goals for Adam Rooney and Nauris Bulvitis , however , the Highlanders lost out 3β2 to Dundee at McDiarmid Park in Perth Hayes was linked with a move away from Inverness after impressing in his debut season with the club , as his contract was expiring . However , he went on to sign a new two-year deal . On 11 September 2010 , he scored the opening goal in an SPL match against Rangers with a stunning long-range strike . Hayes left Inverness after the 2011β12 season . He rejected their offer of a new one-year contract . Aberdeen . Aberdeen claimed a deal had been struck with Hayes on 30 May 2012 . Almost a month later , Hayes finally put pen to paper , signing a two-year contract with the Dons . Hayes went on to make his competitive debut for Aberdeen , in an opening day 1β0 defeat away to SPL champions Celtic . The following weekend , Hayes made his home debut against newly promoted side Ross County in a game which finished 0β0 . He scored his first goal in Aberdeen colours in a testimonial for Neil Simpson against Manchester United . The midfielder showed good perseverance , pinching the ball off of Paul Scholes in the penalty box , before beating David de Gea with a composed finish . Hayes scored his first competitive goal for the Dons in a 2β1 victory away to St Johnstone . He pounced on a mistake by goalkeeper Alan Mannus and defender Frazer Wright , leaving Hayes with the easy task of firing into the empty net , before celebrating in front of the travelling Aberdeen support . On 15 September , he provided an assist for Cammy Smith to equalise against his old club , Inverness , in the dying minutes . The game finished 1β1 . On 3 August 2013 , Hayes opened the scoring in the first match of the new season against Kilmarnock . This goal gave Hayes the honour of scoring the first ever goal in the new Scottish Premiership . Hayes agreed a contract extension in November 2013 that would keep him at Aberdeen until the summer of 2016 . In a 4β0 win over St Johnstone in the League Cup semi-final at Tynecastle , Hayes scored twice to help send the Dons into their first major cup final for 14 years . A poor goal kick by Steve Banks allowed Adam Rooney to square the ball across the six-yard box for Hayes to knock into the net . Clever footwork by the winger late in the second half led to a fine finish just inside the 18-yard box to wrap up the match and send Aberdeen through to the final . Celtic goalkeeper Fraser Forsters run of clean sheets ( 13 games ) was finally ended on 1,256 minutes on 25 February 2014 when Hayes beat him from 30 yards to open the scoring in a 2β1 win for The Dons . The goal was later voted as the SPFL Goal of the Season . On 16 March 2014 , Hayes started for Aberdeen in the League Cup Final but early on he suffered a shoulder injury and had to be replaced by Cammy Smith . In the opening match of the 2014β15 season he scored Aberdeens fourth goal in a 5β0 victory against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round first leg . On 29 December 2014 , it was announced that Hayes had signed a contract extension , keeping him at Aberdeen until summer 2018 . In February 2016 , Hayes had 18 stitches in his arm after being bitten by a dog . Celtic . On 17 June 2017 , Hayes signed a three-year deal with Scottish Premiership champions Celtic , for a fee in the region of Β£1 million . On 23 December 2017 , Hayes scored his first competitive goal for Celtic against his former club Aberdeen , scoring the second goal in a 3β0 win . He spent the second half of the season out injured after a tackle during a game against Dundee on Boxing Day , three days after his first goal of the season . He scored his second goal for the club in the 2β0 win over Rangers at Ibrox on 1 September 2019 . He was released by the club in May 2020 . Return to Aberdeen . Hayes rejoined Aberdeen on a free transfer from Celtic , his contract having expired , on 23 June 2020 , after three years away from the club . He signed a two-year deal , taking a significantly smaller wage to re-sign . In August 2020 he was one of eight Aberdeen players who received a suspended three-match ban from the Scottish FA after they breached coronavirus-related restrictions by visiting a bar earlier in the month . International career . Hayes received his first senior call-up in March 2016 . Honours . Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009β10 Aberdeen - Scottish League Cup : 2013β14 Celtic - Scottish Premiership : 2017β18 , 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish League Cup : 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish Cup : 2018β19 Individual - SFL Player of the Month : November 2009 & April 2010 - SPFA Goal of the Season : 2013β14 - SPFA Premiership Team of the Year : 2015β16 , 2016β17 - Aberdeen FC Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Players Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Goal of the Season : 2015β16 - Evening Express Player of the Year : 2014β15 External links . - Ireland profile at SoccerScene.ie
|
[
"Leicester City"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jonathan Hayes ( born 9 July 1987 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for the Scottish Premiership team Aberdeen and Republic of Ireland .",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": "He began his career in England with Reading , but did not break through to their first team , serving two loan spells prior to being released . Picked up by Leicester City , his opportunities were also limited and again he went out on loan twice . He joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle in Scotland in 2009 , becoming an important member of the team , a status he also enjoyed after moving on to Aberdeen three years later . In 2017 he signed for Celtic , the reigning Scottish champions , helping them to defend their title and win",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": "the following two as a squad member , sometimes playing at left back ; he left in 2020 and returned to Aberdeen in June 2020",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": " Hayes was born in Dublin , County Dublin . He started his career at Reading , but with first team opportunities limited , he joined Forest Green Rovers on loan in February 2006 , scoring on his debut in the FA Trophy against Dorchester Town . He spent a month on loan at Chesterfield in October 2006 without making an appearance , and in January 2007 , was loaned to MK Dons until the end of the 2006β07 season .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " On 6 June 2007 , Hayes was released by Reading at the end of his contract . He joined Leicester City on a three-year deal on 4 July 2007 , and made his league debut against Blackpool on 11 August . On 20 July 2009 , Hayes was released from his Leicester contract by mutual consent . Northampton Town ( loan ) .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 7 January 2008 , Hayes joined Northampton Town on loan until the end of the season . On 13 October , Hayes joined Cheltenham Town on a trial period , with a view to a loan move , a move which was confirmed on 20 October 2008 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": " On 22 July 2009 , Hayes joined Scottish First Division side Inverness Caledonian Thistle after a successful trial period . Inverness were promoted to the Scottish Premier League at the end of the 2009β10 season . Hayes was part of the team that guided Inverness to the Challenge Cup final against Dundee . Hayes was involved in setting up both goals for Adam Rooney and Nauris Bulvitis , however , the Highlanders lost out 3β2 to Dundee at McDiarmid Park in Perth",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Hayes was linked with a move away from Inverness after impressing in his debut season with the club , as his contract was expiring . However , he went on to sign a new two-year deal . On 11 September 2010 , he scored the opening goal in an SPL match against Rangers with a stunning long-range strike .",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": " Hayes left Inverness after the 2011β12 season . He rejected their offer of a new one-year contract .",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Aberdeen claimed a deal had been struck with Hayes on 30 May 2012 . Almost a month later , Hayes finally put pen to paper , signing a two-year contract with the Dons . Hayes went on to make his competitive debut for Aberdeen , in an opening day 1β0 defeat away to SPL champions Celtic . The following weekend , Hayes made his home debut against newly promoted side Ross County in a game which finished 0β0 . He scored his first goal in Aberdeen colours in a testimonial for Neil Simpson against Manchester United . The midfielder showed",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "good perseverance , pinching the ball off of Paul Scholes in the penalty box , before beating David de Gea with a composed finish .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " Hayes scored his first competitive goal for the Dons in a 2β1 victory away to St Johnstone . He pounced on a mistake by goalkeeper Alan Mannus and defender Frazer Wright , leaving Hayes with the easy task of firing into the empty net , before celebrating in front of the travelling Aberdeen support . On 15 September , he provided an assist for Cammy Smith to equalise against his old club , Inverness , in the dying minutes . The game finished 1β1 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "On 3 August 2013 , Hayes opened the scoring in the first match of the new season against Kilmarnock . This goal gave Hayes the honour of scoring the first ever goal in the new Scottish Premiership . Hayes agreed a contract extension in November 2013 that would keep him at Aberdeen until the summer of 2016 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "In a 4β0 win over St Johnstone in the League Cup semi-final at Tynecastle , Hayes scored twice to help send the Dons into their first major cup final for 14 years . A poor goal kick by Steve Banks allowed Adam Rooney to square the ball across the six-yard box for Hayes to knock into the net . Clever footwork by the winger late in the second half led to a fine finish just inside the 18-yard box to wrap up the match and send Aberdeen through to the final . Celtic goalkeeper Fraser Forsters run of clean sheets",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "( 13 games ) was finally ended on 1,256 minutes on 25 February 2014 when Hayes beat him from 30 yards to open the scoring in a 2β1 win for The Dons . The goal was later voted as the SPFL Goal of the Season . On 16 March 2014 , Hayes started for Aberdeen in the League Cup Final but early on he suffered a shoulder injury and had to be replaced by Cammy Smith .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " In the opening match of the 2014β15 season he scored Aberdeens fourth goal in a 5β0 victory against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round first leg . On 29 December 2014 , it was announced that Hayes had signed a contract extension , keeping him at Aberdeen until summer 2018 . In February 2016 , Hayes had 18 stitches in his arm after being bitten by a dog .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "On 17 June 2017 , Hayes signed a three-year deal with Scottish Premiership champions Celtic , for a fee in the region of Β£1 million . On 23 December 2017 , Hayes scored his first competitive goal for Celtic against his former club Aberdeen , scoring the second goal in a 3β0 win . He spent the second half of the season out injured after a tackle during a game against Dundee on Boxing Day , three days after his first goal of the season . He scored his second goal for the club in the 2β0 win over Rangers",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "at Ibrox on 1 September 2019 . He was released by the club in May 2020 .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " Hayes rejoined Aberdeen on a free transfer from Celtic , his contract having expired , on 23 June 2020 , after three years away from the club . He signed a two-year deal , taking a significantly smaller wage to re-sign . In August 2020 he was one of eight Aberdeen players who received a suspended three-match ban from the Scottish FA after they breached coronavirus-related restrictions by visiting a bar earlier in the month .",
"title": "Return to Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Premiership : 2017β18 , 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish League Cup : 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish Cup : 2018β19",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " - SFL Player of the Month : November 2009 & April 2010 - SPFA Goal of the Season : 2013β14 - SPFA Premiership Team of the Year : 2015β16 , 2016β17 - Aberdeen FC Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Players Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Goal of the Season : 2015β16 - Evening Express Player of the Year : 2014β15",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Ireland profile at SoccerScene.ie",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Jonny_Hayes#P54#2
|
Jonny Hayes played for which team between Jan 2010 and Aug 2011?
|
Jonny Hayes Jonathan Hayes ( born 9 July 1987 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for the Scottish Premiership team Aberdeen and Republic of Ireland . He began his career in England with Reading , but did not break through to their first team , serving two loan spells prior to being released . Picked up by Leicester City , his opportunities were also limited and again he went out on loan twice . He joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle in Scotland in 2009 , becoming an important member of the team , a status he also enjoyed after moving on to Aberdeen three years later . In 2017 he signed for Celtic , the reigning Scottish champions , helping them to defend their title and win the following two as a squad member , sometimes playing at left back ; he left in 2020 and returned to Aberdeen in June 2020 Club career . Early career . Hayes was born in Dublin , County Dublin . He started his career at Reading , but with first team opportunities limited , he joined Forest Green Rovers on loan in February 2006 , scoring on his debut in the FA Trophy against Dorchester Town . He spent a month on loan at Chesterfield in October 2006 without making an appearance , and in January 2007 , was loaned to MK Dons until the end of the 2006β07 season . Leicester City . On 6 June 2007 , Hayes was released by Reading at the end of his contract . He joined Leicester City on a three-year deal on 4 July 2007 , and made his league debut against Blackpool on 11 August . On 20 July 2009 , Hayes was released from his Leicester contract by mutual consent . Northampton Town ( loan ) . On 7 January 2008 , Hayes joined Northampton Town on loan until the end of the season . On 13 October , Hayes joined Cheltenham Town on a trial period , with a view to a loan move , a move which was confirmed on 20 October 2008 . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 22 July 2009 , Hayes joined Scottish First Division side Inverness Caledonian Thistle after a successful trial period . Inverness were promoted to the Scottish Premier League at the end of the 2009β10 season . Hayes was part of the team that guided Inverness to the Challenge Cup final against Dundee . Hayes was involved in setting up both goals for Adam Rooney and Nauris Bulvitis , however , the Highlanders lost out 3β2 to Dundee at McDiarmid Park in Perth Hayes was linked with a move away from Inverness after impressing in his debut season with the club , as his contract was expiring . However , he went on to sign a new two-year deal . On 11 September 2010 , he scored the opening goal in an SPL match against Rangers with a stunning long-range strike . Hayes left Inverness after the 2011β12 season . He rejected their offer of a new one-year contract . Aberdeen . Aberdeen claimed a deal had been struck with Hayes on 30 May 2012 . Almost a month later , Hayes finally put pen to paper , signing a two-year contract with the Dons . Hayes went on to make his competitive debut for Aberdeen , in an opening day 1β0 defeat away to SPL champions Celtic . The following weekend , Hayes made his home debut against newly promoted side Ross County in a game which finished 0β0 . He scored his first goal in Aberdeen colours in a testimonial for Neil Simpson against Manchester United . The midfielder showed good perseverance , pinching the ball off of Paul Scholes in the penalty box , before beating David de Gea with a composed finish . Hayes scored his first competitive goal for the Dons in a 2β1 victory away to St Johnstone . He pounced on a mistake by goalkeeper Alan Mannus and defender Frazer Wright , leaving Hayes with the easy task of firing into the empty net , before celebrating in front of the travelling Aberdeen support . On 15 September , he provided an assist for Cammy Smith to equalise against his old club , Inverness , in the dying minutes . The game finished 1β1 . On 3 August 2013 , Hayes opened the scoring in the first match of the new season against Kilmarnock . This goal gave Hayes the honour of scoring the first ever goal in the new Scottish Premiership . Hayes agreed a contract extension in November 2013 that would keep him at Aberdeen until the summer of 2016 . In a 4β0 win over St Johnstone in the League Cup semi-final at Tynecastle , Hayes scored twice to help send the Dons into their first major cup final for 14 years . A poor goal kick by Steve Banks allowed Adam Rooney to square the ball across the six-yard box for Hayes to knock into the net . Clever footwork by the winger late in the second half led to a fine finish just inside the 18-yard box to wrap up the match and send Aberdeen through to the final . Celtic goalkeeper Fraser Forsters run of clean sheets ( 13 games ) was finally ended on 1,256 minutes on 25 February 2014 when Hayes beat him from 30 yards to open the scoring in a 2β1 win for The Dons . The goal was later voted as the SPFL Goal of the Season . On 16 March 2014 , Hayes started for Aberdeen in the League Cup Final but early on he suffered a shoulder injury and had to be replaced by Cammy Smith . In the opening match of the 2014β15 season he scored Aberdeens fourth goal in a 5β0 victory against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round first leg . On 29 December 2014 , it was announced that Hayes had signed a contract extension , keeping him at Aberdeen until summer 2018 . In February 2016 , Hayes had 18 stitches in his arm after being bitten by a dog . Celtic . On 17 June 2017 , Hayes signed a three-year deal with Scottish Premiership champions Celtic , for a fee in the region of Β£1 million . On 23 December 2017 , Hayes scored his first competitive goal for Celtic against his former club Aberdeen , scoring the second goal in a 3β0 win . He spent the second half of the season out injured after a tackle during a game against Dundee on Boxing Day , three days after his first goal of the season . He scored his second goal for the club in the 2β0 win over Rangers at Ibrox on 1 September 2019 . He was released by the club in May 2020 . Return to Aberdeen . Hayes rejoined Aberdeen on a free transfer from Celtic , his contract having expired , on 23 June 2020 , after three years away from the club . He signed a two-year deal , taking a significantly smaller wage to re-sign . In August 2020 he was one of eight Aberdeen players who received a suspended three-match ban from the Scottish FA after they breached coronavirus-related restrictions by visiting a bar earlier in the month . International career . Hayes received his first senior call-up in March 2016 . Honours . Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009β10 Aberdeen - Scottish League Cup : 2013β14 Celtic - Scottish Premiership : 2017β18 , 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish League Cup : 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish Cup : 2018β19 Individual - SFL Player of the Month : November 2009 & April 2010 - SPFA Goal of the Season : 2013β14 - SPFA Premiership Team of the Year : 2015β16 , 2016β17 - Aberdeen FC Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Players Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Goal of the Season : 2015β16 - Evening Express Player of the Year : 2014β15 External links . - Ireland profile at SoccerScene.ie
|
[
"Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jonathan Hayes ( born 9 July 1987 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for the Scottish Premiership team Aberdeen and Republic of Ireland .",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": "He began his career in England with Reading , but did not break through to their first team , serving two loan spells prior to being released . Picked up by Leicester City , his opportunities were also limited and again he went out on loan twice . He joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle in Scotland in 2009 , becoming an important member of the team , a status he also enjoyed after moving on to Aberdeen three years later . In 2017 he signed for Celtic , the reigning Scottish champions , helping them to defend their title and win",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": "the following two as a squad member , sometimes playing at left back ; he left in 2020 and returned to Aberdeen in June 2020",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": " Hayes was born in Dublin , County Dublin . He started his career at Reading , but with first team opportunities limited , he joined Forest Green Rovers on loan in February 2006 , scoring on his debut in the FA Trophy against Dorchester Town . He spent a month on loan at Chesterfield in October 2006 without making an appearance , and in January 2007 , was loaned to MK Dons until the end of the 2006β07 season .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " On 6 June 2007 , Hayes was released by Reading at the end of his contract . He joined Leicester City on a three-year deal on 4 July 2007 , and made his league debut against Blackpool on 11 August . On 20 July 2009 , Hayes was released from his Leicester contract by mutual consent . Northampton Town ( loan ) .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 7 January 2008 , Hayes joined Northampton Town on loan until the end of the season . On 13 October , Hayes joined Cheltenham Town on a trial period , with a view to a loan move , a move which was confirmed on 20 October 2008 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": " On 22 July 2009 , Hayes joined Scottish First Division side Inverness Caledonian Thistle after a successful trial period . Inverness were promoted to the Scottish Premier League at the end of the 2009β10 season . Hayes was part of the team that guided Inverness to the Challenge Cup final against Dundee . Hayes was involved in setting up both goals for Adam Rooney and Nauris Bulvitis , however , the Highlanders lost out 3β2 to Dundee at McDiarmid Park in Perth",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Hayes was linked with a move away from Inverness after impressing in his debut season with the club , as his contract was expiring . However , he went on to sign a new two-year deal . On 11 September 2010 , he scored the opening goal in an SPL match against Rangers with a stunning long-range strike .",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": " Hayes left Inverness after the 2011β12 season . He rejected their offer of a new one-year contract .",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Aberdeen claimed a deal had been struck with Hayes on 30 May 2012 . Almost a month later , Hayes finally put pen to paper , signing a two-year contract with the Dons . Hayes went on to make his competitive debut for Aberdeen , in an opening day 1β0 defeat away to SPL champions Celtic . The following weekend , Hayes made his home debut against newly promoted side Ross County in a game which finished 0β0 . He scored his first goal in Aberdeen colours in a testimonial for Neil Simpson against Manchester United . The midfielder showed",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "good perseverance , pinching the ball off of Paul Scholes in the penalty box , before beating David de Gea with a composed finish .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " Hayes scored his first competitive goal for the Dons in a 2β1 victory away to St Johnstone . He pounced on a mistake by goalkeeper Alan Mannus and defender Frazer Wright , leaving Hayes with the easy task of firing into the empty net , before celebrating in front of the travelling Aberdeen support . On 15 September , he provided an assist for Cammy Smith to equalise against his old club , Inverness , in the dying minutes . The game finished 1β1 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "On 3 August 2013 , Hayes opened the scoring in the first match of the new season against Kilmarnock . This goal gave Hayes the honour of scoring the first ever goal in the new Scottish Premiership . Hayes agreed a contract extension in November 2013 that would keep him at Aberdeen until the summer of 2016 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "In a 4β0 win over St Johnstone in the League Cup semi-final at Tynecastle , Hayes scored twice to help send the Dons into their first major cup final for 14 years . A poor goal kick by Steve Banks allowed Adam Rooney to square the ball across the six-yard box for Hayes to knock into the net . Clever footwork by the winger late in the second half led to a fine finish just inside the 18-yard box to wrap up the match and send Aberdeen through to the final . Celtic goalkeeper Fraser Forsters run of clean sheets",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "( 13 games ) was finally ended on 1,256 minutes on 25 February 2014 when Hayes beat him from 30 yards to open the scoring in a 2β1 win for The Dons . The goal was later voted as the SPFL Goal of the Season . On 16 March 2014 , Hayes started for Aberdeen in the League Cup Final but early on he suffered a shoulder injury and had to be replaced by Cammy Smith .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " In the opening match of the 2014β15 season he scored Aberdeens fourth goal in a 5β0 victory against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round first leg . On 29 December 2014 , it was announced that Hayes had signed a contract extension , keeping him at Aberdeen until summer 2018 . In February 2016 , Hayes had 18 stitches in his arm after being bitten by a dog .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "On 17 June 2017 , Hayes signed a three-year deal with Scottish Premiership champions Celtic , for a fee in the region of Β£1 million . On 23 December 2017 , Hayes scored his first competitive goal for Celtic against his former club Aberdeen , scoring the second goal in a 3β0 win . He spent the second half of the season out injured after a tackle during a game against Dundee on Boxing Day , three days after his first goal of the season . He scored his second goal for the club in the 2β0 win over Rangers",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "at Ibrox on 1 September 2019 . He was released by the club in May 2020 .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " Hayes rejoined Aberdeen on a free transfer from Celtic , his contract having expired , on 23 June 2020 , after three years away from the club . He signed a two-year deal , taking a significantly smaller wage to re-sign . In August 2020 he was one of eight Aberdeen players who received a suspended three-match ban from the Scottish FA after they breached coronavirus-related restrictions by visiting a bar earlier in the month .",
"title": "Return to Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Premiership : 2017β18 , 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish League Cup : 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish Cup : 2018β19",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " - SFL Player of the Month : November 2009 & April 2010 - SPFA Goal of the Season : 2013β14 - SPFA Premiership Team of the Year : 2015β16 , 2016β17 - Aberdeen FC Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Players Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Goal of the Season : 2015β16 - Evening Express Player of the Year : 2014β15",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Ireland profile at SoccerScene.ie",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Jonny_Hayes#P54#3
|
Jonny Hayes played for which team in May 2013?
|
Jonny Hayes Jonathan Hayes ( born 9 July 1987 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for the Scottish Premiership team Aberdeen and Republic of Ireland . He began his career in England with Reading , but did not break through to their first team , serving two loan spells prior to being released . Picked up by Leicester City , his opportunities were also limited and again he went out on loan twice . He joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle in Scotland in 2009 , becoming an important member of the team , a status he also enjoyed after moving on to Aberdeen three years later . In 2017 he signed for Celtic , the reigning Scottish champions , helping them to defend their title and win the following two as a squad member , sometimes playing at left back ; he left in 2020 and returned to Aberdeen in June 2020 Club career . Early career . Hayes was born in Dublin , County Dublin . He started his career at Reading , but with first team opportunities limited , he joined Forest Green Rovers on loan in February 2006 , scoring on his debut in the FA Trophy against Dorchester Town . He spent a month on loan at Chesterfield in October 2006 without making an appearance , and in January 2007 , was loaned to MK Dons until the end of the 2006β07 season . Leicester City . On 6 June 2007 , Hayes was released by Reading at the end of his contract . He joined Leicester City on a three-year deal on 4 July 2007 , and made his league debut against Blackpool on 11 August . On 20 July 2009 , Hayes was released from his Leicester contract by mutual consent . Northampton Town ( loan ) . On 7 January 2008 , Hayes joined Northampton Town on loan until the end of the season . On 13 October , Hayes joined Cheltenham Town on a trial period , with a view to a loan move , a move which was confirmed on 20 October 2008 . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 22 July 2009 , Hayes joined Scottish First Division side Inverness Caledonian Thistle after a successful trial period . Inverness were promoted to the Scottish Premier League at the end of the 2009β10 season . Hayes was part of the team that guided Inverness to the Challenge Cup final against Dundee . Hayes was involved in setting up both goals for Adam Rooney and Nauris Bulvitis , however , the Highlanders lost out 3β2 to Dundee at McDiarmid Park in Perth Hayes was linked with a move away from Inverness after impressing in his debut season with the club , as his contract was expiring . However , he went on to sign a new two-year deal . On 11 September 2010 , he scored the opening goal in an SPL match against Rangers with a stunning long-range strike . Hayes left Inverness after the 2011β12 season . He rejected their offer of a new one-year contract . Aberdeen . Aberdeen claimed a deal had been struck with Hayes on 30 May 2012 . Almost a month later , Hayes finally put pen to paper , signing a two-year contract with the Dons . Hayes went on to make his competitive debut for Aberdeen , in an opening day 1β0 defeat away to SPL champions Celtic . The following weekend , Hayes made his home debut against newly promoted side Ross County in a game which finished 0β0 . He scored his first goal in Aberdeen colours in a testimonial for Neil Simpson against Manchester United . The midfielder showed good perseverance , pinching the ball off of Paul Scholes in the penalty box , before beating David de Gea with a composed finish . Hayes scored his first competitive goal for the Dons in a 2β1 victory away to St Johnstone . He pounced on a mistake by goalkeeper Alan Mannus and defender Frazer Wright , leaving Hayes with the easy task of firing into the empty net , before celebrating in front of the travelling Aberdeen support . On 15 September , he provided an assist for Cammy Smith to equalise against his old club , Inverness , in the dying minutes . The game finished 1β1 . On 3 August 2013 , Hayes opened the scoring in the first match of the new season against Kilmarnock . This goal gave Hayes the honour of scoring the first ever goal in the new Scottish Premiership . Hayes agreed a contract extension in November 2013 that would keep him at Aberdeen until the summer of 2016 . In a 4β0 win over St Johnstone in the League Cup semi-final at Tynecastle , Hayes scored twice to help send the Dons into their first major cup final for 14 years . A poor goal kick by Steve Banks allowed Adam Rooney to square the ball across the six-yard box for Hayes to knock into the net . Clever footwork by the winger late in the second half led to a fine finish just inside the 18-yard box to wrap up the match and send Aberdeen through to the final . Celtic goalkeeper Fraser Forsters run of clean sheets ( 13 games ) was finally ended on 1,256 minutes on 25 February 2014 when Hayes beat him from 30 yards to open the scoring in a 2β1 win for The Dons . The goal was later voted as the SPFL Goal of the Season . On 16 March 2014 , Hayes started for Aberdeen in the League Cup Final but early on he suffered a shoulder injury and had to be replaced by Cammy Smith . In the opening match of the 2014β15 season he scored Aberdeens fourth goal in a 5β0 victory against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round first leg . On 29 December 2014 , it was announced that Hayes had signed a contract extension , keeping him at Aberdeen until summer 2018 . In February 2016 , Hayes had 18 stitches in his arm after being bitten by a dog . Celtic . On 17 June 2017 , Hayes signed a three-year deal with Scottish Premiership champions Celtic , for a fee in the region of Β£1 million . On 23 December 2017 , Hayes scored his first competitive goal for Celtic against his former club Aberdeen , scoring the second goal in a 3β0 win . He spent the second half of the season out injured after a tackle during a game against Dundee on Boxing Day , three days after his first goal of the season . He scored his second goal for the club in the 2β0 win over Rangers at Ibrox on 1 September 2019 . He was released by the club in May 2020 . Return to Aberdeen . Hayes rejoined Aberdeen on a free transfer from Celtic , his contract having expired , on 23 June 2020 , after three years away from the club . He signed a two-year deal , taking a significantly smaller wage to re-sign . In August 2020 he was one of eight Aberdeen players who received a suspended three-match ban from the Scottish FA after they breached coronavirus-related restrictions by visiting a bar earlier in the month . International career . Hayes received his first senior call-up in March 2016 . Honours . Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009β10 Aberdeen - Scottish League Cup : 2013β14 Celtic - Scottish Premiership : 2017β18 , 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish League Cup : 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish Cup : 2018β19 Individual - SFL Player of the Month : November 2009 & April 2010 - SPFA Goal of the Season : 2013β14 - SPFA Premiership Team of the Year : 2015β16 , 2016β17 - Aberdeen FC Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Players Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Goal of the Season : 2015β16 - Evening Express Player of the Year : 2014β15 External links . - Ireland profile at SoccerScene.ie
|
[
"Aberdeen"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jonathan Hayes ( born 9 July 1987 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for the Scottish Premiership team Aberdeen and Republic of Ireland .",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": "He began his career in England with Reading , but did not break through to their first team , serving two loan spells prior to being released . Picked up by Leicester City , his opportunities were also limited and again he went out on loan twice . He joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle in Scotland in 2009 , becoming an important member of the team , a status he also enjoyed after moving on to Aberdeen three years later . In 2017 he signed for Celtic , the reigning Scottish champions , helping them to defend their title and win",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": "the following two as a squad member , sometimes playing at left back ; he left in 2020 and returned to Aberdeen in June 2020",
"title": "Jonny Hayes"
},
{
"text": " Hayes was born in Dublin , County Dublin . He started his career at Reading , but with first team opportunities limited , he joined Forest Green Rovers on loan in February 2006 , scoring on his debut in the FA Trophy against Dorchester Town . He spent a month on loan at Chesterfield in October 2006 without making an appearance , and in January 2007 , was loaned to MK Dons until the end of the 2006β07 season .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " On 6 June 2007 , Hayes was released by Reading at the end of his contract . He joined Leicester City on a three-year deal on 4 July 2007 , and made his league debut against Blackpool on 11 August . On 20 July 2009 , Hayes was released from his Leicester contract by mutual consent . Northampton Town ( loan ) .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 7 January 2008 , Hayes joined Northampton Town on loan until the end of the season . On 13 October , Hayes joined Cheltenham Town on a trial period , with a view to a loan move , a move which was confirmed on 20 October 2008 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": " On 22 July 2009 , Hayes joined Scottish First Division side Inverness Caledonian Thistle after a successful trial period . Inverness were promoted to the Scottish Premier League at the end of the 2009β10 season . Hayes was part of the team that guided Inverness to the Challenge Cup final against Dundee . Hayes was involved in setting up both goals for Adam Rooney and Nauris Bulvitis , however , the Highlanders lost out 3β2 to Dundee at McDiarmid Park in Perth",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Hayes was linked with a move away from Inverness after impressing in his debut season with the club , as his contract was expiring . However , he went on to sign a new two-year deal . On 11 September 2010 , he scored the opening goal in an SPL match against Rangers with a stunning long-range strike .",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": " Hayes left Inverness after the 2011β12 season . He rejected their offer of a new one-year contract .",
"title": "Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
},
{
"text": "Aberdeen claimed a deal had been struck with Hayes on 30 May 2012 . Almost a month later , Hayes finally put pen to paper , signing a two-year contract with the Dons . Hayes went on to make his competitive debut for Aberdeen , in an opening day 1β0 defeat away to SPL champions Celtic . The following weekend , Hayes made his home debut against newly promoted side Ross County in a game which finished 0β0 . He scored his first goal in Aberdeen colours in a testimonial for Neil Simpson against Manchester United . The midfielder showed",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "good perseverance , pinching the ball off of Paul Scholes in the penalty box , before beating David de Gea with a composed finish .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " Hayes scored his first competitive goal for the Dons in a 2β1 victory away to St Johnstone . He pounced on a mistake by goalkeeper Alan Mannus and defender Frazer Wright , leaving Hayes with the easy task of firing into the empty net , before celebrating in front of the travelling Aberdeen support . On 15 September , he provided an assist for Cammy Smith to equalise against his old club , Inverness , in the dying minutes . The game finished 1β1 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "On 3 August 2013 , Hayes opened the scoring in the first match of the new season against Kilmarnock . This goal gave Hayes the honour of scoring the first ever goal in the new Scottish Premiership . Hayes agreed a contract extension in November 2013 that would keep him at Aberdeen until the summer of 2016 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "In a 4β0 win over St Johnstone in the League Cup semi-final at Tynecastle , Hayes scored twice to help send the Dons into their first major cup final for 14 years . A poor goal kick by Steve Banks allowed Adam Rooney to square the ball across the six-yard box for Hayes to knock into the net . Clever footwork by the winger late in the second half led to a fine finish just inside the 18-yard box to wrap up the match and send Aberdeen through to the final . Celtic goalkeeper Fraser Forsters run of clean sheets",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "( 13 games ) was finally ended on 1,256 minutes on 25 February 2014 when Hayes beat him from 30 yards to open the scoring in a 2β1 win for The Dons . The goal was later voted as the SPFL Goal of the Season . On 16 March 2014 , Hayes started for Aberdeen in the League Cup Final but early on he suffered a shoulder injury and had to be replaced by Cammy Smith .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " In the opening match of the 2014β15 season he scored Aberdeens fourth goal in a 5β0 victory against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round first leg . On 29 December 2014 , it was announced that Hayes had signed a contract extension , keeping him at Aberdeen until summer 2018 . In February 2016 , Hayes had 18 stitches in his arm after being bitten by a dog .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "On 17 June 2017 , Hayes signed a three-year deal with Scottish Premiership champions Celtic , for a fee in the region of Β£1 million . On 23 December 2017 , Hayes scored his first competitive goal for Celtic against his former club Aberdeen , scoring the second goal in a 3β0 win . He spent the second half of the season out injured after a tackle during a game against Dundee on Boxing Day , three days after his first goal of the season . He scored his second goal for the club in the 2β0 win over Rangers",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": "at Ibrox on 1 September 2019 . He was released by the club in May 2020 .",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " Hayes rejoined Aberdeen on a free transfer from Celtic , his contract having expired , on 23 June 2020 , after three years away from the club . He signed a two-year deal , taking a significantly smaller wage to re-sign . In August 2020 he was one of eight Aberdeen players who received a suspended three-match ban from the Scottish FA after they breached coronavirus-related restrictions by visiting a bar earlier in the month .",
"title": "Return to Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish Premiership : 2017β18 , 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish League Cup : 2018β19 , 2019β20 - Scottish Cup : 2018β19",
"title": "Celtic"
},
{
"text": " - SFL Player of the Month : November 2009 & April 2010 - SPFA Goal of the Season : 2013β14 - SPFA Premiership Team of the Year : 2015β16 , 2016β17 - Aberdeen FC Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Players Player of the Year : 2015β16 - Aberdeen FC Goal of the Season : 2015β16 - Evening Express Player of the Year : 2014β15",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Ireland profile at SoccerScene.ie",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Gold_Coast_Suns#P286#0
|
Who was the head coach of the team Gold Coast Suns before Jun 2013?
|
Gold Coast Suns The Gold Coast Suns is a professional Australian rules football club based in the Gold Coast suburb of Carrara , that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season , having been founded as the leagues 17th active club by a consortium formerly known as GC17 and being granted a licence to join the AFL on 31 March 2009 . The team play home matches at Carrara Stadium ( known for commercial purposes as Metricon Stadium ) and have their training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre . The club is one of two AFL clubs based in the state of Queensland , the other being its main rival , the Brisbane Lions . The Suns also field teams in the AFL Womens competition and the Victorian Football League . History . Foundation . The AFL identified New South Wales and Queensland as areas for commercial and participation growth in the mid-2000s . The two states had one team each within the region , and the AFL sought to replicate the model used in the traditional Australian football states of Western Australia and South Australia , which each had two local teams . In January 2008 , it was reported that the AFL officially registered the name Gold Coast Football Club Ltd with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission ( ASIC ) , a registration which had in fact been effective from 24 December 2007 . In March 2008 the AFL won the support of the leagues 16 club presidents to establish sides on the Gold Coast and in Western Sydney . The new club was formally granted the license to compete in the AFL on 31 March 2009 . AFL CEO Andrew Demetriou announced the club could debut in the Queensland State League in 2009 as it recruited players and prepared for its debut season in the AFL , which the league scheduled for 2011 . Marquee AFL players such as Nick Riewoldt , Lance Franklin and Kurt Tippett were speculated as potential signings for Gold Coast , though all three men ended up re-signing with their existing clubs . In June 2008 it was announced that the new team would play in the TAC Cup in 2009 and the Victorian Football League in 2010 ahead of its entry into the AFL in 2011 . Later that year the board of business-people who had been appointed to set up the club , and were known as the GC17 bid , appointed WAFL coach and former player Guy McKenna as senior coach . Essendon administrator Travis Auld was selected as head of the GC17 board , and would go on to lead the club in an off-field capacity for several years . The AFL were able to successfully negotiate with the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium as the clubs new home ground . The announcement of the redevelopment , of which a small portion was funded by the AFL , was made in May 2009 . On 22 July 2010 club administrators announced that the club would be known as the Gold Coast Suns , and adopt the colours red , gold and blue . 2009β2010 : TAC Cup and VFL . The clubs newly assembled junior squad competed in the 2009 TAC Cup under 18 competition and won most of their games , eventually finishing in 5th place . They defeated the Northern Knights in the elimination final but then lost their semi final to the Geelong Falcons . Below is the inaugural TAC Cup team to play for the Gold Coast Football Club , as well as a table of results and fixture for the 2009 and 2010 seasons : Inaugural TAC Cup team 2010 : VFL In November 2009 the team signed twelve 17-year-olds around the country to compete in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) year through the under age access rules . These players included Luke Russell ( Burnie ) , Maverick Weller ( Burnie ) , Taylor Hine ( Calder ) , Josh Toy ( Calder ) , Matt Shaw ( Dandenong ) , Piers Flanagan ( Geelong ) , Hayden Jolly ( Glenelg ) , Alex Keath ( Murray ) , Jack Hutchins ( Sandringham ) , Tom Nicholls ( Sandringham ) , Brandon Matera ( South Fremantle ) , Trent McKenzie ( Western Jets ) . The Gold Coast was also given permission ( by the AFL ) to play David Swallow in 2010 , despite not being the correct age . The deal that was struck with the AFL stated that Swallow would still need to go through the 2010 AFL Draft to officially join the team , while the other under age recruits contracts would run through 2011 . These are the results and fixture for the 2010 season , in which the club competed in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . Inaugural VFL team 2011 : AFL debut . Concessions on entry into the AFL Players acquired through concessions Initial 2011 playing squad recruitment 2011β2014 : McKenna era . Guy McKenna would continue to coach the team throughout the 2011 season and beyond , after successfully guiding the club through its journey in the TAC Cup and VFL in 2009 and 2010 . The Suns would play their first four home games of the 2011 AFL season at the Gabba in Brisbane , whilst their home stadium ( Metricon Stadium ) underwent final redevelopment works . Gold Coast had a bye in Round 1 , and played its first AFL game debuted in Round 2 on 2 April 2011 against Carlton at the Gabba in front of a crowd of 27,914 . The first five goals were scored by Carlton , before Charlie Dixon scored the first-ever goal for the Gold Coast Suns . Carlton went on to win by 119 points . Gold Coast won its first game in Round 5 on 23 April 2011 , defeating Port Adelaide at AAMI Stadium . Gold Coast trailed by 40 points late in the third quarter , before coming back to win by three points , after Port Adelaides Justin Westhoff missed a set shot after the siren . Michael Rischitelli was the best on ground . Gold Coast won two more matches for the season , winning the inaugural QClash against in Round 7 by eight points ( which became the most-watched AFL match on pay television ever ) , and defeating by 15 points in Round 17 in the first AFL match ever played at Cazalys Stadium in Cairns . However , the Suns also suffered several more very heavy defeats during the year , including a 139-point loss to in Round 6 β in which Essendon scored a record 15.4 ( 94 ) in the first quarter β and a 150-point loss against in Round 20 . The Suns went on to win the wooden spoon . Gold Coast endured a poor pre-season in 2012 which included a 13-point loss to fellow AFL newcomers . Their solitary win in that time was a narrow win over in the triangular round of the 2012 NAB Cup . The home-and-away season did not begin well for the Suns either , losing their first fourteen matches in succession to be the only winless team after Round 15 of the 2012 AFL season . Among the losses included losses by more than ninety points to and ( twice ) , seven-point losses to and at home and a 27-point loss to the newest AFL franchise , . Their fourteen losses to start the season was the worst by any team since lost its first 17 matches of the 2001 season . Their horror start to the season ended in round 16 with a narrow 2-point win against Richmond . They had a lead of up to 36 points halfway through the second quarter , which then shrank to 24 points after 2 quick goals before half time from Richmond . Richmond then had a six to two goal quarter , snatching the lead back . The lead then went to 18 points Richmonds way before Gold Coast snatched it back to just 4 . With 5 seconds left , a kick from the right forward pocket in Gold Coasts 50 was marked by Karmichael Hunt . After the siren sounded he kicked the goal to make Gold Coast 2-point winners . The Suns then won two more matches for the season , a 30-point win against in Round 20 and a 12-point upset win over in Round 22 , both at home . The team finished 17th at the end of the season , only above Greater Western Sydney on the AFL ladder . In November 2012 the club announced their 20-ONE-3 plan that targeted signing twenty thousand members and winning a premiership within three years - by the conclusion of the 2015 AFL season . The plan was criticised as being overly ambitious . By the end of the 20-ONE-3 period , the Suns had a highest membership of 13,643 ( achieved in 2015 ) and a highest ladder position of 12 ( 10 wins - achieved in 2014 ) . In the 2013 AFL season Gold Coast made a much improved effort , highlighted by victories over seasoned opponents in Collingwood , , the and . Their improvement on the past two seasons was so stark that they were considered possibilities of securing an unlikely finals berth up until the final round after Essendon lost all their premiership points . The Suns finished with 8 wins for the season and ended the season placed 14th on the ladder . Captain Gary Ablett won his second Brownlow Medal , the first such medalist to win the award at the club . Despite losing veterans Jared Brennan and Campbell Brown ahead of the 2014 season , some experts predicted Gold Coast to give the top 8 ( finals ) a nudge , though the general consensus was that the Suns would likely finish around 13th . Though beginning the season promisingly and entering Round 11 with a 7β2 record following impressive wins on the road against Melbourne , North Melbourne ( who had defeated minor premiers three weeks earlier ) , and St Kilda , the Suns would stumble severely through the second half of the season . After captain Gary Ablett was injured in a win over Collingwood in round 16 , the club went on to lose the next two matches , including one in the QClash against Brisbane . In round 19 , the club recorded its inaugural win without their captain , defeating St Kilda . The club went on to lose the remaining matches of the season , finishing in 12th . Inaugural coach Guy McKenna was sacked at seasons end , leaving the club after 88 games in charge and winning just over 25% of them . 2015β2017 : Rodney Eade . Following McKennas departure , the Suns announced Rodney Eade as their new coach . Eade had coached the Sydney Swans and Western Bulldogs to multiple finals series and was regarded by some pundits as a good choice to push the Suns into a maiden finals campaign . In his first season , Eade made the decision to rush back Gary Ablett Jr into the side , which led to the on-field targeting of the star midfielder , whilst key position players Charlie Dixon and Harley Bennell were traded to other clubs as the Suns lost their opening four games and never recovered , finishing the 2015 season in 16th place with only four wins . The club started the 2016 season with three consecutive wins and defeated minor premiers , giving the impression it was on the verge of achieving sustained on-field success . However it would only win a further three matches for the season and Ablett was again sidelined with a serious shoulder injury , whilst other players were lost to a combination of injury and suspension . The Suns hit the mid-to-late stage of the following season in reasonable form with a 6β8 win-loss record , though disastrously lost their last eight matches and finished in 15th place . Divisions between some of the players and Eades cautious game-style emerged and by Round 19 club officials sacked Eade , citing a poor win-loss record . Eades departure was exacerbated at the end of the season by Abletts request to be traded back to his original club , despite having another year to serve on his contract with the club . 2018βpresent : Stuart Dew . The club appointed and premiership player Stuart Dew as coach ahead of the 2018 season . Under Dew , the Suns adopted a draft strategy of recruiting young players , which in part contributed to a second-last finish in 2018 and last place finish in 2019 , the latter being the clubs second wooden spoon . David Swallow was appointed captain in 2019 and emerging talent such as Izak Rankine and Matt Rowell have shown signs of propelling the club to better results in the future . Stadium . Gold Coast began playing at Carrara Stadium in their foundation year of 2009 . Although the ground had existed since 1987 , the Gold Coast Football Clubs establishment in late 2008 prompted the club to use the stadium as their home ground during the 2009 TAC Cup . The ground opened in 1987 and was used by the Brisbane Bears for the first six years of existence and was later used by the North Melbourne Kangaroos and several professional Rugby league teams . The insufficient and outdated facilities at Carrara Stadium led to the Australian Football League investigating several stadium options for the Gold Coasts inaugural AFL season in 2011 . A new $172 million stadium in Helensvale was a strongly considered option . The AFL eventually brokered a deal with the Gold Coast City Council and the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium . The $144.2 million upgrade would increase the stadium capacity to 25,000 . Construction for the redevelopment of Carrara Stadium began in December 2009 and the Gold Coast was required to find a new home ground for the 2010 VFL season . The team shared their games among local grounds Fankhauser Reserve , H & A Oval and Cooke-Murphy Oval . The redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season and the Gold Coast were again required to find a temporary home ground . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season . The redeveloped Carrara Stadium ( commercially known as Metricon Stadium ) was officially opened on 22 May 2011 by Queensland Premier Anna Bligh . Six days later the Gold Coast Suns hosted their first home match at the redeveloped Carrara Stadium against the Geelong Cats in front of a sell out crowd . Two months later , the Suns attracted the largest crowd ever at the Carrara Stadium in a game against Collingwood that attracted an attendance of 23,302 , a record broken in round 16 of 2014 when 24,032 attended also against Collingwood . The seating capacity was temporarily upgraded to 40,000 as part of the Gold Coasts successful bid to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games . Whilst the Suns have played most of their home games at Metricon Stadium , there have been several times when the club has played home games away from Carrara . In 2011 , the club played had to find a temporary home ground as the redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season . The Gabba was again used in 2018 AFL season as Carrara was being prepared for the 2018 Commonwealth Games . In that season , they also played a home game in Cairns at Cazalys Stadium , Perth at Optus Stadium and played the second of their home games in Shanghai at Jiangwan Stadium . This was following the club hosting the first ever AFL game outside Australia or New Zealand in 2017 in Shanghai . The club took a home game to their academy zone , Townsville at Riverway Stadium in 2019 before signing a deal with AFL Northern Territory to play a home game in their new academy zone Darwin at TIO Stadium from 2020 to 2024 . The match scheduled for Darwin in 2021 was moved however due to COVID-19 and was played as a Suns home game at the Sydney Cricket Ground . List of AFL Stadiums Other home grounds used for the Suns include : AFL Pre Season : Metricon Stadium ( 2012-2021 ) , Fankhauser Reserve ( 2011 , 2013 , 2018 ) , Riverway Stadium ( 2015 , 2018 ) , Merrimac Oval ( 2017 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2017 , 2019 ) AFL Womens : Metricon Stadium ( 2020-2021 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2020 ) Corporate . Membership base and sponsors . β ΒΉ as of 9 September 2020 Club symbols . Guernseys . The three types of guernseys are : - Home guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red and gold based guernsey with the club logo in the middle . HostPlus sponsor on front and Cover-More sponsor on back ( home shorts worn in home games and away pants shorts in away games ) . - Away guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red based guernsey with a wave , coloured blue , gold and white . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) . - Clash guernsey ( worn since 2016 ) : White based guernsey with an arrow-shaped design which goes down to the bottom , coloured blue , gold and two shades of grey . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) . Mascot . The Suns Mascot Manor representative and club mascot is Sunny Ray . In June 2018 the Suns introduced their new mascot , Skye . Song . The team song is Suns of the Gold Coast Sky . Rivalries . Brisbane . The Gold Coast Suns have a rivalry with fellow Queensland AFL team the Brisbane Lions . The two teams contest the QClash twice each season . The first QClash was held in 2011 , with Gold Coast winning by 8 points ; the game established the highest pay TV audience ever for an AFL game , with a total of 354,745 viewers watching the game . The medal for the player adjudged best on ground is known as the Marcus Ashcroft Medal . It is named after former footballer Marcus Ashcroft , who played junior football on the Gold Coast for Southport and 318 VFL/AFL games for the Brisbane Bears/Lions between 1989 and 2003 . He later joined Gold Coasts coaching staff and was the first Queenslander to play 300 VFL/AFL games . Lion Dayne Beams has won the medal three times , the most by any player . The trophy awarded to the winner of the game is currently known as the QClash Trophy . The trophy is a traditional style looking silver cup with a wooden base and a plaque . The plaques inscription reads from left to right , Brisbane Lions AFC , QCLASH , Gold Coast Suns FC . Administration . A three-man committee of former Brisbane Lions chairman Graham Downie , Southport Sharks director Alan Mackenzie and lawyer and community leader John Witheriff established the clubs administration . As part of the AFL bid criteria , the GC17 consortium required a commitment from 20,000 locals to become football club members , a $5 million net asset base and 111 sponsors ( at least one major , 10 secondary level and 100 tertiary ) by mid-October 2008 . Recruitment . In the leadup to the 2009 AFL Draft , the AFL allowed the Gold Coast to recruit 12 players born between January and April 1992 , with all other AFL clubs being restricted to players born in 1991 or earlier . Karmichael Hunt , a professional rugby league footballer with the Brisbane Broncos and rugby union side Biarritz Olympique in Frances Top 14 , was signed to swap codes to play for the Gold Coast from 2010 . Gary Ablett , Jr. , dual premiership player with Geelong and winner of the 2009 Brownlow Medal , signed a deal reportedly worth $9.6 million over five years to captain the Gold Coast during their starting years . Other significant signings to the current junior team that played in the VFL included Stanis Susuve ( a member of Papua New Guineas International Cup winning team ) and Brandon Matera ( whose father Wally Matera and uncles Peter and Phil all played senior AFL football with the West Coast Eagles ) . At the end of 2010 season , the club had been given the following concessions : - The ability to sign one uncontracted player from each of the 16 AFL clubs - Zoned access to five Queensland players prior to the AFL draft - The first pick in every round plus additional first round picks at Numbers 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 and 15 of the 2010 AFL Draft - The capacity to pre-list 10 players who had previously nominated for the AFL Draft , or were previously listed with an AFL club - The first five selections of the Rookie Draft - An expanded main list of 48 players ( clubs are usually allowed 38 ) Coaching staff . - Senior coach : - Assistant coaches : - Head of Development : AFL Womens team . In September 2017 , Gold Coast were granted a license by the AFL to compete in the AFL Womens league from the start of the 2020 season . The club plays most home games at Carrara Stadium , though has occasionally played at Fankhauser Reserve in nearby Southport , and the Great Barrier Reef Arena in Mackay . The Suns women won only two of their sixteen matches across the 2020 and 2021 seasons . Inaugural coach David Lake left the club at the end of the 2021 season . Reserves team . The Gold Coast Suns fielded a reserves team beneath the AFL team in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) competition between 2011 and 2019 . Following the dissolving of the NEAFL at the end of the 2019 season , the Suns reserves team entered the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 2021 . Match and season records . - Highest score : Gold Coast 21.22 ( 148 ) v Greater Western Sydney 16.8 ( 104 ) , Round 5 , 2013 , StarTrack Oval - Lowest score : Gold Coast 3.2 ( 20 ) v Port Adelaide 20.15 ( 135 ) , Round 23 , 2017 , Adelaide Oval - Lowest winning score : Gold Coast 7.13 ( 55 ) v North Melbourne 5.9 ( 39 ) , Round 1 , 2018 , Cazalys Stadium - Highest losing score : Gold Coast 17.11 ( 113 ) v West Coast 20.10 ( 130 ) , Round 19 , 2013 , Patersons Stadium - Greatest winning margin : 86 points β Gold Coast 21.13 ( 139 ) v Hawthorn 7.11 ( 53 ) , Round 3 , 2017 , Metricon Stadium - Greatest losing margin : 150 points β Gold Coast 6.2 ( 38 ) v Geelong 29.14 ( 188 ) , Round 20 , 2011 , Kardinia Park - Longest winning streak : 5 ( round 5 , 2014 β round 10 , 2014 ) - Longest losing streak : 21 ( round 18 , 2011 β round 15 , 2012 ) - Highest ladder position : 12th , 2014 AFL season - Lowest ladder position : 18th ( Wooden Spoon ) , 2019 AFL season Suns TV . Suns TV was a television program hosted by Jessica Skarratt that was carried by the Seven Network and was shown thirty minutes prior to Gold Coast Suns games in Queensland . The program featured highlights as well as interviews with players and coaches in the lead up to the match being played that week . It was no longer shown on TV as of 2015 .
|
[
"Guy McKenna"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Gold Coast Suns is a professional Australian rules football club based in the Gold Coast suburb of Carrara , that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .",
"title": "Gold Coast Suns"
},
{
"text": "The club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season , having been founded as the leagues 17th active club by a consortium formerly known as GC17 and being granted a licence to join the AFL on 31 March 2009 . The team play home matches at Carrara Stadium ( known for commercial purposes as Metricon Stadium ) and have their training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre . The club is one of two AFL clubs based in the state of Queensland , the other being its main rival ,",
"title": "Gold Coast Suns"
},
{
"text": "the Brisbane Lions . The Suns also field teams in the AFL Womens competition and the Victorian Football League .",
"title": "Gold Coast Suns"
},
{
"text": "The AFL identified New South Wales and Queensland as areas for commercial and participation growth in the mid-2000s . The two states had one team each within the region , and the AFL sought to replicate the model used in the traditional Australian football states of Western Australia and South Australia , which each had two local teams . In January 2008 , it was reported that the AFL officially registered the name Gold Coast Football Club Ltd with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission ( ASIC ) , a registration which had in fact been effective from 24 December",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "2007 . In March 2008 the AFL won the support of the leagues 16 club presidents to establish sides on the Gold Coast and in Western Sydney . The new club was formally granted the license to compete in the AFL on 31 March 2009 .",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "AFL CEO Andrew Demetriou announced the club could debut in the Queensland State League in 2009 as it recruited players and prepared for its debut season in the AFL , which the league scheduled for 2011 . Marquee AFL players such as Nick Riewoldt , Lance Franklin and Kurt Tippett were speculated as potential signings for Gold Coast , though all three men ended up re-signing with their existing clubs . In June 2008 it was announced that the new team would play in the TAC Cup in 2009 and the Victorian Football League in 2010 ahead of its entry",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "into the AFL in 2011 . Later that year the board of business-people who had been appointed to set up the club , and were known as the GC17 bid , appointed WAFL coach and former player Guy McKenna as senior coach . Essendon administrator Travis Auld was selected as head of the GC17 board , and would go on to lead the club in an off-field capacity for several years .",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": " The AFL were able to successfully negotiate with the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium as the clubs new home ground . The announcement of the redevelopment , of which a small portion was funded by the AFL , was made in May 2009 . On 22 July 2010 club administrators announced that the club would be known as the Gold Coast Suns , and adopt the colours red , gold and blue . 2009β2010 : TAC Cup and VFL .",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "The clubs newly assembled junior squad competed in the 2009 TAC Cup under 18 competition and won most of their games , eventually finishing in 5th place . They defeated the Northern Knights in the elimination final but then lost their semi final to the Geelong Falcons . Below is the inaugural TAC Cup team to play for the Gold Coast Football Club , as well as a table of results and fixture for the 2009 and 2010 seasons :",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "In November 2009 the team signed twelve 17-year-olds around the country to compete in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) year through the under age access rules . These players included Luke Russell ( Burnie ) , Maverick Weller ( Burnie ) , Taylor Hine ( Calder ) , Josh Toy ( Calder ) , Matt Shaw ( Dandenong ) , Piers Flanagan ( Geelong ) , Hayden Jolly ( Glenelg ) , Alex Keath ( Murray ) , Jack Hutchins ( Sandringham ) , Tom Nicholls ( Sandringham ) , Brandon Matera ( South Fremantle ) , Trent",
"title": "Inaugural TAC Cup team"
},
{
"text": "McKenzie ( Western Jets ) .",
"title": "Inaugural TAC Cup team"
},
{
"text": " The Gold Coast was also given permission ( by the AFL ) to play David Swallow in 2010 , despite not being the correct age . The deal that was struck with the AFL stated that Swallow would still need to go through the 2010 AFL Draft to officially join the team , while the other under age recruits contracts would run through 2011 . These are the results and fixture for the 2010 season , in which the club competed in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) .",
"title": "Inaugural TAC Cup team"
},
{
"text": " Initial 2011 playing squad recruitment 2011β2014 : McKenna era . Guy McKenna would continue to coach the team throughout the 2011 season and beyond , after successfully guiding the club through its journey in the TAC Cup and VFL in 2009 and 2010 . The Suns would play their first four home games of the 2011 AFL season at the Gabba in Brisbane , whilst their home stadium ( Metricon Stadium ) underwent final redevelopment works .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "Gold Coast had a bye in Round 1 , and played its first AFL game debuted in Round 2 on 2 April 2011 against Carlton at the Gabba in front of a crowd of 27,914 . The first five goals were scored by Carlton , before Charlie Dixon scored the first-ever goal for the Gold Coast Suns . Carlton went on to win by 119 points . Gold Coast won its first game in Round 5 on 23 April 2011 , defeating Port Adelaide at AAMI Stadium . Gold Coast trailed by 40 points late in the third quarter ,",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "before coming back to win by three points , after Port Adelaides Justin Westhoff missed a set shot after the siren . Michael Rischitelli was the best on ground . Gold Coast won two more matches for the season , winning the inaugural QClash against in Round 7 by eight points ( which became the most-watched AFL match on pay television ever ) , and defeating by 15 points in Round 17 in the first AFL match ever played at Cazalys Stadium in Cairns . However , the Suns also suffered several more very heavy defeats during the year ,",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "including a 139-point loss to in Round 6 β in which Essendon scored a record 15.4 ( 94 ) in the first quarter β and a 150-point loss against in Round 20 . The Suns went on to win the wooden spoon .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": " Gold Coast endured a poor pre-season in 2012 which included a 13-point loss to fellow AFL newcomers . Their solitary win in that time was a narrow win over in the triangular round of the 2012 NAB Cup .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "The home-and-away season did not begin well for the Suns either , losing their first fourteen matches in succession to be the only winless team after Round 15 of the 2012 AFL season . Among the losses included losses by more than ninety points to and ( twice ) , seven-point losses to and at home and a 27-point loss to the newest AFL franchise , . Their fourteen losses to start the season was the worst by any team since lost its first 17 matches of the 2001 season . Their horror start to the season ended in round",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "16 with a narrow 2-point win against Richmond . They had a lead of up to 36 points halfway through the second quarter , which then shrank to 24 points after 2 quick goals before half time from Richmond . Richmond then had a six to two goal quarter , snatching the lead back . The lead then went to 18 points Richmonds way before Gold Coast snatched it back to just 4 . With 5 seconds left , a kick from the right forward pocket in Gold Coasts 50 was marked by Karmichael Hunt . After the siren sounded",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "he kicked the goal to make Gold Coast 2-point winners .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "The Suns then won two more matches for the season , a 30-point win against in Round 20 and a 12-point upset win over in Round 22 , both at home . The team finished 17th at the end of the season , only above Greater Western Sydney on the AFL ladder . In November 2012 the club announced their 20-ONE-3 plan that targeted signing twenty thousand members and winning a premiership within three years - by the conclusion of the 2015 AFL season . The plan was criticised as being overly ambitious . By the end of the 20-ONE-3",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "period , the Suns had a highest membership of 13,643 ( achieved in 2015 ) and a highest ladder position of 12 ( 10 wins - achieved in 2014 ) .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "In the 2013 AFL season Gold Coast made a much improved effort , highlighted by victories over seasoned opponents in Collingwood , , the and . Their improvement on the past two seasons was so stark that they were considered possibilities of securing an unlikely finals berth up until the final round after Essendon lost all their premiership points . The Suns finished with 8 wins for the season and ended the season placed 14th on the ladder . Captain Gary Ablett won his second Brownlow Medal , the first such medalist to win the award at the club .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "Despite losing veterans Jared Brennan and Campbell Brown ahead of the 2014 season , some experts predicted Gold Coast to give the top 8 ( finals ) a nudge , though the general consensus was that the Suns would likely finish around 13th . Though beginning the season promisingly and entering Round 11 with a 7β2 record following impressive wins on the road against Melbourne , North Melbourne ( who had defeated minor premiers three weeks earlier ) , and St Kilda , the Suns would stumble severely through the second half of the season . After captain Gary Ablett",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "was injured in a win over Collingwood in round 16 , the club went on to lose the next two matches , including one in the QClash against Brisbane . In round 19 , the club recorded its inaugural win without their captain , defeating St Kilda . The club went on to lose the remaining matches of the season , finishing in 12th . Inaugural coach Guy McKenna was sacked at seasons end , leaving the club after 88 games in charge and winning just over 25% of them .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "Following McKennas departure , the Suns announced Rodney Eade as their new coach . Eade had coached the Sydney Swans and Western Bulldogs to multiple finals series and was regarded by some pundits as a good choice to push the Suns into a maiden finals campaign . In his first season , Eade made the decision to rush back Gary Ablett Jr into the side , which led to the on-field targeting of the star midfielder , whilst key position players Charlie Dixon and Harley Bennell were traded to other clubs as the Suns lost their opening four games and",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "never recovered , finishing the 2015 season in 16th place with only four wins . The club started the 2016 season with three consecutive wins and defeated minor premiers , giving the impression it was on the verge of achieving sustained on-field success . However it would only win a further three matches for the season and Ablett was again sidelined with a serious shoulder injury , whilst other players were lost to a combination of injury and suspension . The Suns hit the mid-to-late stage of the following season in reasonable form with a 6β8 win-loss record , though",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "disastrously lost their last eight matches and finished in 15th place . Divisions between some of the players and Eades cautious game-style emerged and by Round 19 club officials sacked Eade , citing a poor win-loss record . Eades departure was exacerbated at the end of the season by Abletts request to be traded back to his original club , despite having another year to serve on his contract with the club .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": " 2018βpresent : Stuart Dew . The club appointed and premiership player Stuart Dew as coach ahead of the 2018 season . Under Dew , the Suns adopted a draft strategy of recruiting young players , which in part contributed to a second-last finish in 2018 and last place finish in 2019 , the latter being the clubs second wooden spoon . David Swallow was appointed captain in 2019 and emerging talent such as Izak Rankine and Matt Rowell have shown signs of propelling the club to better results in the future .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": " Gold Coast began playing at Carrara Stadium in their foundation year of 2009 . Although the ground had existed since 1987 , the Gold Coast Football Clubs establishment in late 2008 prompted the club to use the stadium as their home ground during the 2009 TAC Cup . The ground opened in 1987 and was used by the Brisbane Bears for the first six years of existence and was later used by the North Melbourne Kangaroos and several professional Rugby league teams .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "The insufficient and outdated facilities at Carrara Stadium led to the Australian Football League investigating several stadium options for the Gold Coasts inaugural AFL season in 2011 . A new $172 million stadium in Helensvale was a strongly considered option . The AFL eventually brokered a deal with the Gold Coast City Council and the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium . The $144.2 million upgrade would increase the stadium capacity to 25,000 .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " Construction for the redevelopment of Carrara Stadium began in December 2009 and the Gold Coast was required to find a new home ground for the 2010 VFL season . The team shared their games among local grounds Fankhauser Reserve , H & A Oval and Cooke-Murphy Oval . The redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season and the Gold Coast were again required to find a temporary home ground . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "The redeveloped Carrara Stadium ( commercially known as Metricon Stadium ) was officially opened on 22 May 2011 by Queensland Premier Anna Bligh . Six days later the Gold Coast Suns hosted their first home match at the redeveloped Carrara Stadium against the Geelong Cats in front of a sell out crowd . Two months later , the Suns attracted the largest crowd ever at the Carrara Stadium in a game against Collingwood that attracted an attendance of 23,302 , a record broken in round 16 of 2014 when 24,032 attended also against Collingwood .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " The seating capacity was temporarily upgraded to 40,000 as part of the Gold Coasts successful bid to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "Whilst the Suns have played most of their home games at Metricon Stadium , there have been several times when the club has played home games away from Carrara . In 2011 , the club played had to find a temporary home ground as the redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season . The Gabba was again used in 2018 AFL season as Carrara was being prepared for the 2018 Commonwealth Games . In that season , they also played a home",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "game in Cairns at Cazalys Stadium , Perth at Optus Stadium and played the second of their home games in Shanghai at Jiangwan Stadium . This was following the club hosting the first ever AFL game outside Australia or New Zealand in 2017 in Shanghai .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " The club took a home game to their academy zone , Townsville at Riverway Stadium in 2019 before signing a deal with AFL Northern Territory to play a home game in their new academy zone Darwin at TIO Stadium from 2020 to 2024 . The match scheduled for Darwin in 2021 was moved however due to COVID-19 and was played as a Suns home game at the Sydney Cricket Ground .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " Other home grounds used for the Suns include : AFL Pre Season : Metricon Stadium ( 2012-2021 ) , Fankhauser Reserve ( 2011 , 2013 , 2018 ) , Riverway Stadium ( 2015 , 2018 ) , Merrimac Oval ( 2017 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2017 , 2019 ) AFL Womens : Metricon Stadium ( 2020-2021 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2020 )",
"title": "List of AFL Stadiums"
},
{
"text": " The three types of guernseys are : - Home guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red and gold based guernsey with the club logo in the middle . HostPlus sponsor on front and Cover-More sponsor on back ( home shorts worn in home games and away pants shorts in away games ) . - Away guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red based guernsey with a wave , coloured blue , gold and white . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) .",
"title": "Guernseys"
},
{
"text": "- Clash guernsey ( worn since 2016 ) : White based guernsey with an arrow-shaped design which goes down to the bottom , coloured blue , gold and two shades of grey . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) .",
"title": "Guernseys"
},
{
"text": " The Suns Mascot Manor representative and club mascot is Sunny Ray . In June 2018 the Suns introduced their new mascot , Skye .",
"title": "Mascot"
},
{
"text": " The Gold Coast Suns have a rivalry with fellow Queensland AFL team the Brisbane Lions . The two teams contest the QClash twice each season . The first QClash was held in 2011 , with Gold Coast winning by 8 points ; the game established the highest pay TV audience ever for an AFL game , with a total of 354,745 viewers watching the game .",
"title": "Brisbane"
},
{
"text": "The medal for the player adjudged best on ground is known as the Marcus Ashcroft Medal . It is named after former footballer Marcus Ashcroft , who played junior football on the Gold Coast for Southport and 318 VFL/AFL games for the Brisbane Bears/Lions between 1989 and 2003 . He later joined Gold Coasts coaching staff and was the first Queenslander to play 300 VFL/AFL games . Lion Dayne Beams has won the medal three times , the most by any player .",
"title": "Brisbane"
},
{
"text": " The trophy awarded to the winner of the game is currently known as the QClash Trophy . The trophy is a traditional style looking silver cup with a wooden base and a plaque . The plaques inscription reads from left to right , Brisbane Lions AFC , QCLASH , Gold Coast Suns FC .",
"title": "Brisbane"
},
{
"text": " A three-man committee of former Brisbane Lions chairman Graham Downie , Southport Sharks director Alan Mackenzie and lawyer and community leader John Witheriff established the clubs administration . As part of the AFL bid criteria , the GC17 consortium required a commitment from 20,000 locals to become football club members , a $5 million net asset base and 111 sponsors ( at least one major , 10 secondary level and 100 tertiary ) by mid-October 2008 .",
"title": "Administration"
},
{
"text": " In the leadup to the 2009 AFL Draft , the AFL allowed the Gold Coast to recruit 12 players born between January and April 1992 , with all other AFL clubs being restricted to players born in 1991 or earlier . Karmichael Hunt , a professional rugby league footballer with the Brisbane Broncos and rugby union side Biarritz Olympique in Frances Top 14 , was signed to swap codes to play for the Gold Coast from 2010 .",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": "Gary Ablett , Jr. , dual premiership player with Geelong and winner of the 2009 Brownlow Medal , signed a deal reportedly worth $9.6 million over five years to captain the Gold Coast during their starting years .",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": " Other significant signings to the current junior team that played in the VFL included Stanis Susuve ( a member of Papua New Guineas International Cup winning team ) and Brandon Matera ( whose father Wally Matera and uncles Peter and Phil all played senior AFL football with the West Coast Eagles ) . At the end of 2010 season , the club had been given the following concessions : - The ability to sign one uncontracted player from each of the 16 AFL clubs - Zoned access to five Queensland players prior to the AFL draft",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": "- The first pick in every round plus additional first round picks at Numbers 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 and 15 of the 2010 AFL Draft",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": " - The capacity to pre-list 10 players who had previously nominated for the AFL Draft , or were previously listed with an AFL club - The first five selections of the Rookie Draft - An expanded main list of 48 players ( clubs are usually allowed 38 )",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": " In September 2017 , Gold Coast were granted a license by the AFL to compete in the AFL Womens league from the start of the 2020 season . The club plays most home games at Carrara Stadium , though has occasionally played at Fankhauser Reserve in nearby Southport , and the Great Barrier Reef Arena in Mackay . The Suns women won only two of their sixteen matches across the 2020 and 2021 seasons . Inaugural coach David Lake left the club at the end of the 2021 season .",
"title": "AFL Womens team"
},
{
"text": " The Gold Coast Suns fielded a reserves team beneath the AFL team in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) competition between 2011 and 2019 . Following the dissolving of the NEAFL at the end of the 2019 season , the Suns reserves team entered the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 2021 . Match and season records . - Highest score : Gold Coast 21.22 ( 148 ) v Greater Western Sydney 16.8 ( 104 ) , Round 5 , 2013 , StarTrack Oval",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": "- Lowest score : Gold Coast 3.2 ( 20 ) v Port Adelaide 20.15 ( 135 ) , Round 23 , 2017 , Adelaide Oval",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": " - Lowest winning score : Gold Coast 7.13 ( 55 ) v North Melbourne 5.9 ( 39 ) , Round 1 , 2018 , Cazalys Stadium - Highest losing score : Gold Coast 17.11 ( 113 ) v West Coast 20.10 ( 130 ) , Round 19 , 2013 , Patersons Stadium - Greatest winning margin : 86 points β Gold Coast 21.13 ( 139 ) v Hawthorn 7.11 ( 53 ) , Round 3 , 2017 , Metricon Stadium",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": "- Greatest losing margin : 150 points β Gold Coast 6.2 ( 38 ) v Geelong 29.14 ( 188 ) , Round 20 , 2011 , Kardinia Park",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": " - Longest winning streak : 5 ( round 5 , 2014 β round 10 , 2014 ) - Longest losing streak : 21 ( round 18 , 2011 β round 15 , 2012 ) - Highest ladder position : 12th , 2014 AFL season - Lowest ladder position : 18th ( Wooden Spoon ) , 2019 AFL season",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": " Suns TV was a television program hosted by Jessica Skarratt that was carried by the Seven Network and was shown thirty minutes prior to Gold Coast Suns games in Queensland . The program featured highlights as well as interviews with players and coaches in the lead up to the match being played that week . It was no longer shown on TV as of 2015 .",
"title": "Suns TV"
}
] |
/wiki/Gold_Coast_Suns#P286#1
|
Who was the head coach of the team Gold Coast Suns between Sep 2016 and Aug 2017?
|
Gold Coast Suns The Gold Coast Suns is a professional Australian rules football club based in the Gold Coast suburb of Carrara , that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season , having been founded as the leagues 17th active club by a consortium formerly known as GC17 and being granted a licence to join the AFL on 31 March 2009 . The team play home matches at Carrara Stadium ( known for commercial purposes as Metricon Stadium ) and have their training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre . The club is one of two AFL clubs based in the state of Queensland , the other being its main rival , the Brisbane Lions . The Suns also field teams in the AFL Womens competition and the Victorian Football League . History . Foundation . The AFL identified New South Wales and Queensland as areas for commercial and participation growth in the mid-2000s . The two states had one team each within the region , and the AFL sought to replicate the model used in the traditional Australian football states of Western Australia and South Australia , which each had two local teams . In January 2008 , it was reported that the AFL officially registered the name Gold Coast Football Club Ltd with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission ( ASIC ) , a registration which had in fact been effective from 24 December 2007 . In March 2008 the AFL won the support of the leagues 16 club presidents to establish sides on the Gold Coast and in Western Sydney . The new club was formally granted the license to compete in the AFL on 31 March 2009 . AFL CEO Andrew Demetriou announced the club could debut in the Queensland State League in 2009 as it recruited players and prepared for its debut season in the AFL , which the league scheduled for 2011 . Marquee AFL players such as Nick Riewoldt , Lance Franklin and Kurt Tippett were speculated as potential signings for Gold Coast , though all three men ended up re-signing with their existing clubs . In June 2008 it was announced that the new team would play in the TAC Cup in 2009 and the Victorian Football League in 2010 ahead of its entry into the AFL in 2011 . Later that year the board of business-people who had been appointed to set up the club , and were known as the GC17 bid , appointed WAFL coach and former player Guy McKenna as senior coach . Essendon administrator Travis Auld was selected as head of the GC17 board , and would go on to lead the club in an off-field capacity for several years . The AFL were able to successfully negotiate with the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium as the clubs new home ground . The announcement of the redevelopment , of which a small portion was funded by the AFL , was made in May 2009 . On 22 July 2010 club administrators announced that the club would be known as the Gold Coast Suns , and adopt the colours red , gold and blue . 2009β2010 : TAC Cup and VFL . The clubs newly assembled junior squad competed in the 2009 TAC Cup under 18 competition and won most of their games , eventually finishing in 5th place . They defeated the Northern Knights in the elimination final but then lost their semi final to the Geelong Falcons . Below is the inaugural TAC Cup team to play for the Gold Coast Football Club , as well as a table of results and fixture for the 2009 and 2010 seasons : Inaugural TAC Cup team 2010 : VFL In November 2009 the team signed twelve 17-year-olds around the country to compete in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) year through the under age access rules . These players included Luke Russell ( Burnie ) , Maverick Weller ( Burnie ) , Taylor Hine ( Calder ) , Josh Toy ( Calder ) , Matt Shaw ( Dandenong ) , Piers Flanagan ( Geelong ) , Hayden Jolly ( Glenelg ) , Alex Keath ( Murray ) , Jack Hutchins ( Sandringham ) , Tom Nicholls ( Sandringham ) , Brandon Matera ( South Fremantle ) , Trent McKenzie ( Western Jets ) . The Gold Coast was also given permission ( by the AFL ) to play David Swallow in 2010 , despite not being the correct age . The deal that was struck with the AFL stated that Swallow would still need to go through the 2010 AFL Draft to officially join the team , while the other under age recruits contracts would run through 2011 . These are the results and fixture for the 2010 season , in which the club competed in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . Inaugural VFL team 2011 : AFL debut . Concessions on entry into the AFL Players acquired through concessions Initial 2011 playing squad recruitment 2011β2014 : McKenna era . Guy McKenna would continue to coach the team throughout the 2011 season and beyond , after successfully guiding the club through its journey in the TAC Cup and VFL in 2009 and 2010 . The Suns would play their first four home games of the 2011 AFL season at the Gabba in Brisbane , whilst their home stadium ( Metricon Stadium ) underwent final redevelopment works . Gold Coast had a bye in Round 1 , and played its first AFL game debuted in Round 2 on 2 April 2011 against Carlton at the Gabba in front of a crowd of 27,914 . The first five goals were scored by Carlton , before Charlie Dixon scored the first-ever goal for the Gold Coast Suns . Carlton went on to win by 119 points . Gold Coast won its first game in Round 5 on 23 April 2011 , defeating Port Adelaide at AAMI Stadium . Gold Coast trailed by 40 points late in the third quarter , before coming back to win by three points , after Port Adelaides Justin Westhoff missed a set shot after the siren . Michael Rischitelli was the best on ground . Gold Coast won two more matches for the season , winning the inaugural QClash against in Round 7 by eight points ( which became the most-watched AFL match on pay television ever ) , and defeating by 15 points in Round 17 in the first AFL match ever played at Cazalys Stadium in Cairns . However , the Suns also suffered several more very heavy defeats during the year , including a 139-point loss to in Round 6 β in which Essendon scored a record 15.4 ( 94 ) in the first quarter β and a 150-point loss against in Round 20 . The Suns went on to win the wooden spoon . Gold Coast endured a poor pre-season in 2012 which included a 13-point loss to fellow AFL newcomers . Their solitary win in that time was a narrow win over in the triangular round of the 2012 NAB Cup . The home-and-away season did not begin well for the Suns either , losing their first fourteen matches in succession to be the only winless team after Round 15 of the 2012 AFL season . Among the losses included losses by more than ninety points to and ( twice ) , seven-point losses to and at home and a 27-point loss to the newest AFL franchise , . Their fourteen losses to start the season was the worst by any team since lost its first 17 matches of the 2001 season . Their horror start to the season ended in round 16 with a narrow 2-point win against Richmond . They had a lead of up to 36 points halfway through the second quarter , which then shrank to 24 points after 2 quick goals before half time from Richmond . Richmond then had a six to two goal quarter , snatching the lead back . The lead then went to 18 points Richmonds way before Gold Coast snatched it back to just 4 . With 5 seconds left , a kick from the right forward pocket in Gold Coasts 50 was marked by Karmichael Hunt . After the siren sounded he kicked the goal to make Gold Coast 2-point winners . The Suns then won two more matches for the season , a 30-point win against in Round 20 and a 12-point upset win over in Round 22 , both at home . The team finished 17th at the end of the season , only above Greater Western Sydney on the AFL ladder . In November 2012 the club announced their 20-ONE-3 plan that targeted signing twenty thousand members and winning a premiership within three years - by the conclusion of the 2015 AFL season . The plan was criticised as being overly ambitious . By the end of the 20-ONE-3 period , the Suns had a highest membership of 13,643 ( achieved in 2015 ) and a highest ladder position of 12 ( 10 wins - achieved in 2014 ) . In the 2013 AFL season Gold Coast made a much improved effort , highlighted by victories over seasoned opponents in Collingwood , , the and . Their improvement on the past two seasons was so stark that they were considered possibilities of securing an unlikely finals berth up until the final round after Essendon lost all their premiership points . The Suns finished with 8 wins for the season and ended the season placed 14th on the ladder . Captain Gary Ablett won his second Brownlow Medal , the first such medalist to win the award at the club . Despite losing veterans Jared Brennan and Campbell Brown ahead of the 2014 season , some experts predicted Gold Coast to give the top 8 ( finals ) a nudge , though the general consensus was that the Suns would likely finish around 13th . Though beginning the season promisingly and entering Round 11 with a 7β2 record following impressive wins on the road against Melbourne , North Melbourne ( who had defeated minor premiers three weeks earlier ) , and St Kilda , the Suns would stumble severely through the second half of the season . After captain Gary Ablett was injured in a win over Collingwood in round 16 , the club went on to lose the next two matches , including one in the QClash against Brisbane . In round 19 , the club recorded its inaugural win without their captain , defeating St Kilda . The club went on to lose the remaining matches of the season , finishing in 12th . Inaugural coach Guy McKenna was sacked at seasons end , leaving the club after 88 games in charge and winning just over 25% of them . 2015β2017 : Rodney Eade . Following McKennas departure , the Suns announced Rodney Eade as their new coach . Eade had coached the Sydney Swans and Western Bulldogs to multiple finals series and was regarded by some pundits as a good choice to push the Suns into a maiden finals campaign . In his first season , Eade made the decision to rush back Gary Ablett Jr into the side , which led to the on-field targeting of the star midfielder , whilst key position players Charlie Dixon and Harley Bennell were traded to other clubs as the Suns lost their opening four games and never recovered , finishing the 2015 season in 16th place with only four wins . The club started the 2016 season with three consecutive wins and defeated minor premiers , giving the impression it was on the verge of achieving sustained on-field success . However it would only win a further three matches for the season and Ablett was again sidelined with a serious shoulder injury , whilst other players were lost to a combination of injury and suspension . The Suns hit the mid-to-late stage of the following season in reasonable form with a 6β8 win-loss record , though disastrously lost their last eight matches and finished in 15th place . Divisions between some of the players and Eades cautious game-style emerged and by Round 19 club officials sacked Eade , citing a poor win-loss record . Eades departure was exacerbated at the end of the season by Abletts request to be traded back to his original club , despite having another year to serve on his contract with the club . 2018βpresent : Stuart Dew . The club appointed and premiership player Stuart Dew as coach ahead of the 2018 season . Under Dew , the Suns adopted a draft strategy of recruiting young players , which in part contributed to a second-last finish in 2018 and last place finish in 2019 , the latter being the clubs second wooden spoon . David Swallow was appointed captain in 2019 and emerging talent such as Izak Rankine and Matt Rowell have shown signs of propelling the club to better results in the future . Stadium . Gold Coast began playing at Carrara Stadium in their foundation year of 2009 . Although the ground had existed since 1987 , the Gold Coast Football Clubs establishment in late 2008 prompted the club to use the stadium as their home ground during the 2009 TAC Cup . The ground opened in 1987 and was used by the Brisbane Bears for the first six years of existence and was later used by the North Melbourne Kangaroos and several professional Rugby league teams . The insufficient and outdated facilities at Carrara Stadium led to the Australian Football League investigating several stadium options for the Gold Coasts inaugural AFL season in 2011 . A new $172 million stadium in Helensvale was a strongly considered option . The AFL eventually brokered a deal with the Gold Coast City Council and the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium . The $144.2 million upgrade would increase the stadium capacity to 25,000 . Construction for the redevelopment of Carrara Stadium began in December 2009 and the Gold Coast was required to find a new home ground for the 2010 VFL season . The team shared their games among local grounds Fankhauser Reserve , H & A Oval and Cooke-Murphy Oval . The redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season and the Gold Coast were again required to find a temporary home ground . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season . The redeveloped Carrara Stadium ( commercially known as Metricon Stadium ) was officially opened on 22 May 2011 by Queensland Premier Anna Bligh . Six days later the Gold Coast Suns hosted their first home match at the redeveloped Carrara Stadium against the Geelong Cats in front of a sell out crowd . Two months later , the Suns attracted the largest crowd ever at the Carrara Stadium in a game against Collingwood that attracted an attendance of 23,302 , a record broken in round 16 of 2014 when 24,032 attended also against Collingwood . The seating capacity was temporarily upgraded to 40,000 as part of the Gold Coasts successful bid to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games . Whilst the Suns have played most of their home games at Metricon Stadium , there have been several times when the club has played home games away from Carrara . In 2011 , the club played had to find a temporary home ground as the redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season . The Gabba was again used in 2018 AFL season as Carrara was being prepared for the 2018 Commonwealth Games . In that season , they also played a home game in Cairns at Cazalys Stadium , Perth at Optus Stadium and played the second of their home games in Shanghai at Jiangwan Stadium . This was following the club hosting the first ever AFL game outside Australia or New Zealand in 2017 in Shanghai . The club took a home game to their academy zone , Townsville at Riverway Stadium in 2019 before signing a deal with AFL Northern Territory to play a home game in their new academy zone Darwin at TIO Stadium from 2020 to 2024 . The match scheduled for Darwin in 2021 was moved however due to COVID-19 and was played as a Suns home game at the Sydney Cricket Ground . List of AFL Stadiums Other home grounds used for the Suns include : AFL Pre Season : Metricon Stadium ( 2012-2021 ) , Fankhauser Reserve ( 2011 , 2013 , 2018 ) , Riverway Stadium ( 2015 , 2018 ) , Merrimac Oval ( 2017 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2017 , 2019 ) AFL Womens : Metricon Stadium ( 2020-2021 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2020 ) Corporate . Membership base and sponsors . β ΒΉ as of 9 September 2020 Club symbols . Guernseys . The three types of guernseys are : - Home guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red and gold based guernsey with the club logo in the middle . HostPlus sponsor on front and Cover-More sponsor on back ( home shorts worn in home games and away pants shorts in away games ) . - Away guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red based guernsey with a wave , coloured blue , gold and white . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) . - Clash guernsey ( worn since 2016 ) : White based guernsey with an arrow-shaped design which goes down to the bottom , coloured blue , gold and two shades of grey . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) . Mascot . The Suns Mascot Manor representative and club mascot is Sunny Ray . In June 2018 the Suns introduced their new mascot , Skye . Song . The team song is Suns of the Gold Coast Sky . Rivalries . Brisbane . The Gold Coast Suns have a rivalry with fellow Queensland AFL team the Brisbane Lions . The two teams contest the QClash twice each season . The first QClash was held in 2011 , with Gold Coast winning by 8 points ; the game established the highest pay TV audience ever for an AFL game , with a total of 354,745 viewers watching the game . The medal for the player adjudged best on ground is known as the Marcus Ashcroft Medal . It is named after former footballer Marcus Ashcroft , who played junior football on the Gold Coast for Southport and 318 VFL/AFL games for the Brisbane Bears/Lions between 1989 and 2003 . He later joined Gold Coasts coaching staff and was the first Queenslander to play 300 VFL/AFL games . Lion Dayne Beams has won the medal three times , the most by any player . The trophy awarded to the winner of the game is currently known as the QClash Trophy . The trophy is a traditional style looking silver cup with a wooden base and a plaque . The plaques inscription reads from left to right , Brisbane Lions AFC , QCLASH , Gold Coast Suns FC . Administration . A three-man committee of former Brisbane Lions chairman Graham Downie , Southport Sharks director Alan Mackenzie and lawyer and community leader John Witheriff established the clubs administration . As part of the AFL bid criteria , the GC17 consortium required a commitment from 20,000 locals to become football club members , a $5 million net asset base and 111 sponsors ( at least one major , 10 secondary level and 100 tertiary ) by mid-October 2008 . Recruitment . In the leadup to the 2009 AFL Draft , the AFL allowed the Gold Coast to recruit 12 players born between January and April 1992 , with all other AFL clubs being restricted to players born in 1991 or earlier . Karmichael Hunt , a professional rugby league footballer with the Brisbane Broncos and rugby union side Biarritz Olympique in Frances Top 14 , was signed to swap codes to play for the Gold Coast from 2010 . Gary Ablett , Jr. , dual premiership player with Geelong and winner of the 2009 Brownlow Medal , signed a deal reportedly worth $9.6 million over five years to captain the Gold Coast during their starting years . Other significant signings to the current junior team that played in the VFL included Stanis Susuve ( a member of Papua New Guineas International Cup winning team ) and Brandon Matera ( whose father Wally Matera and uncles Peter and Phil all played senior AFL football with the West Coast Eagles ) . At the end of 2010 season , the club had been given the following concessions : - The ability to sign one uncontracted player from each of the 16 AFL clubs - Zoned access to five Queensland players prior to the AFL draft - The first pick in every round plus additional first round picks at Numbers 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 and 15 of the 2010 AFL Draft - The capacity to pre-list 10 players who had previously nominated for the AFL Draft , or were previously listed with an AFL club - The first five selections of the Rookie Draft - An expanded main list of 48 players ( clubs are usually allowed 38 ) Coaching staff . - Senior coach : - Assistant coaches : - Head of Development : AFL Womens team . In September 2017 , Gold Coast were granted a license by the AFL to compete in the AFL Womens league from the start of the 2020 season . The club plays most home games at Carrara Stadium , though has occasionally played at Fankhauser Reserve in nearby Southport , and the Great Barrier Reef Arena in Mackay . The Suns women won only two of their sixteen matches across the 2020 and 2021 seasons . Inaugural coach David Lake left the club at the end of the 2021 season . Reserves team . The Gold Coast Suns fielded a reserves team beneath the AFL team in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) competition between 2011 and 2019 . Following the dissolving of the NEAFL at the end of the 2019 season , the Suns reserves team entered the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 2021 . Match and season records . - Highest score : Gold Coast 21.22 ( 148 ) v Greater Western Sydney 16.8 ( 104 ) , Round 5 , 2013 , StarTrack Oval - Lowest score : Gold Coast 3.2 ( 20 ) v Port Adelaide 20.15 ( 135 ) , Round 23 , 2017 , Adelaide Oval - Lowest winning score : Gold Coast 7.13 ( 55 ) v North Melbourne 5.9 ( 39 ) , Round 1 , 2018 , Cazalys Stadium - Highest losing score : Gold Coast 17.11 ( 113 ) v West Coast 20.10 ( 130 ) , Round 19 , 2013 , Patersons Stadium - Greatest winning margin : 86 points β Gold Coast 21.13 ( 139 ) v Hawthorn 7.11 ( 53 ) , Round 3 , 2017 , Metricon Stadium - Greatest losing margin : 150 points β Gold Coast 6.2 ( 38 ) v Geelong 29.14 ( 188 ) , Round 20 , 2011 , Kardinia Park - Longest winning streak : 5 ( round 5 , 2014 β round 10 , 2014 ) - Longest losing streak : 21 ( round 18 , 2011 β round 15 , 2012 ) - Highest ladder position : 12th , 2014 AFL season - Lowest ladder position : 18th ( Wooden Spoon ) , 2019 AFL season Suns TV . Suns TV was a television program hosted by Jessica Skarratt that was carried by the Seven Network and was shown thirty minutes prior to Gold Coast Suns games in Queensland . The program featured highlights as well as interviews with players and coaches in the lead up to the match being played that week . It was no longer shown on TV as of 2015 .
|
[
"Rodney Eade"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Gold Coast Suns is a professional Australian rules football club based in the Gold Coast suburb of Carrara , that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .",
"title": "Gold Coast Suns"
},
{
"text": "The club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season , having been founded as the leagues 17th active club by a consortium formerly known as GC17 and being granted a licence to join the AFL on 31 March 2009 . The team play home matches at Carrara Stadium ( known for commercial purposes as Metricon Stadium ) and have their training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre . The club is one of two AFL clubs based in the state of Queensland , the other being its main rival ,",
"title": "Gold Coast Suns"
},
{
"text": "the Brisbane Lions . The Suns also field teams in the AFL Womens competition and the Victorian Football League .",
"title": "Gold Coast Suns"
},
{
"text": "The AFL identified New South Wales and Queensland as areas for commercial and participation growth in the mid-2000s . The two states had one team each within the region , and the AFL sought to replicate the model used in the traditional Australian football states of Western Australia and South Australia , which each had two local teams . In January 2008 , it was reported that the AFL officially registered the name Gold Coast Football Club Ltd with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission ( ASIC ) , a registration which had in fact been effective from 24 December",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "2007 . In March 2008 the AFL won the support of the leagues 16 club presidents to establish sides on the Gold Coast and in Western Sydney . The new club was formally granted the license to compete in the AFL on 31 March 2009 .",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "AFL CEO Andrew Demetriou announced the club could debut in the Queensland State League in 2009 as it recruited players and prepared for its debut season in the AFL , which the league scheduled for 2011 . Marquee AFL players such as Nick Riewoldt , Lance Franklin and Kurt Tippett were speculated as potential signings for Gold Coast , though all three men ended up re-signing with their existing clubs . In June 2008 it was announced that the new team would play in the TAC Cup in 2009 and the Victorian Football League in 2010 ahead of its entry",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "into the AFL in 2011 . Later that year the board of business-people who had been appointed to set up the club , and were known as the GC17 bid , appointed WAFL coach and former player Guy McKenna as senior coach . Essendon administrator Travis Auld was selected as head of the GC17 board , and would go on to lead the club in an off-field capacity for several years .",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": " The AFL were able to successfully negotiate with the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium as the clubs new home ground . The announcement of the redevelopment , of which a small portion was funded by the AFL , was made in May 2009 . On 22 July 2010 club administrators announced that the club would be known as the Gold Coast Suns , and adopt the colours red , gold and blue . 2009β2010 : TAC Cup and VFL .",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "The clubs newly assembled junior squad competed in the 2009 TAC Cup under 18 competition and won most of their games , eventually finishing in 5th place . They defeated the Northern Knights in the elimination final but then lost their semi final to the Geelong Falcons . Below is the inaugural TAC Cup team to play for the Gold Coast Football Club , as well as a table of results and fixture for the 2009 and 2010 seasons :",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "In November 2009 the team signed twelve 17-year-olds around the country to compete in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) year through the under age access rules . These players included Luke Russell ( Burnie ) , Maverick Weller ( Burnie ) , Taylor Hine ( Calder ) , Josh Toy ( Calder ) , Matt Shaw ( Dandenong ) , Piers Flanagan ( Geelong ) , Hayden Jolly ( Glenelg ) , Alex Keath ( Murray ) , Jack Hutchins ( Sandringham ) , Tom Nicholls ( Sandringham ) , Brandon Matera ( South Fremantle ) , Trent",
"title": "Inaugural TAC Cup team"
},
{
"text": "McKenzie ( Western Jets ) .",
"title": "Inaugural TAC Cup team"
},
{
"text": " The Gold Coast was also given permission ( by the AFL ) to play David Swallow in 2010 , despite not being the correct age . The deal that was struck with the AFL stated that Swallow would still need to go through the 2010 AFL Draft to officially join the team , while the other under age recruits contracts would run through 2011 . These are the results and fixture for the 2010 season , in which the club competed in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) .",
"title": "Inaugural TAC Cup team"
},
{
"text": " Initial 2011 playing squad recruitment 2011β2014 : McKenna era . Guy McKenna would continue to coach the team throughout the 2011 season and beyond , after successfully guiding the club through its journey in the TAC Cup and VFL in 2009 and 2010 . The Suns would play their first four home games of the 2011 AFL season at the Gabba in Brisbane , whilst their home stadium ( Metricon Stadium ) underwent final redevelopment works .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "Gold Coast had a bye in Round 1 , and played its first AFL game debuted in Round 2 on 2 April 2011 against Carlton at the Gabba in front of a crowd of 27,914 . The first five goals were scored by Carlton , before Charlie Dixon scored the first-ever goal for the Gold Coast Suns . Carlton went on to win by 119 points . Gold Coast won its first game in Round 5 on 23 April 2011 , defeating Port Adelaide at AAMI Stadium . Gold Coast trailed by 40 points late in the third quarter ,",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "before coming back to win by three points , after Port Adelaides Justin Westhoff missed a set shot after the siren . Michael Rischitelli was the best on ground . Gold Coast won two more matches for the season , winning the inaugural QClash against in Round 7 by eight points ( which became the most-watched AFL match on pay television ever ) , and defeating by 15 points in Round 17 in the first AFL match ever played at Cazalys Stadium in Cairns . However , the Suns also suffered several more very heavy defeats during the year ,",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "including a 139-point loss to in Round 6 β in which Essendon scored a record 15.4 ( 94 ) in the first quarter β and a 150-point loss against in Round 20 . The Suns went on to win the wooden spoon .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": " Gold Coast endured a poor pre-season in 2012 which included a 13-point loss to fellow AFL newcomers . Their solitary win in that time was a narrow win over in the triangular round of the 2012 NAB Cup .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "The home-and-away season did not begin well for the Suns either , losing their first fourteen matches in succession to be the only winless team after Round 15 of the 2012 AFL season . Among the losses included losses by more than ninety points to and ( twice ) , seven-point losses to and at home and a 27-point loss to the newest AFL franchise , . Their fourteen losses to start the season was the worst by any team since lost its first 17 matches of the 2001 season . Their horror start to the season ended in round",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "16 with a narrow 2-point win against Richmond . They had a lead of up to 36 points halfway through the second quarter , which then shrank to 24 points after 2 quick goals before half time from Richmond . Richmond then had a six to two goal quarter , snatching the lead back . The lead then went to 18 points Richmonds way before Gold Coast snatched it back to just 4 . With 5 seconds left , a kick from the right forward pocket in Gold Coasts 50 was marked by Karmichael Hunt . After the siren sounded",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "he kicked the goal to make Gold Coast 2-point winners .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "The Suns then won two more matches for the season , a 30-point win against in Round 20 and a 12-point upset win over in Round 22 , both at home . The team finished 17th at the end of the season , only above Greater Western Sydney on the AFL ladder . In November 2012 the club announced their 20-ONE-3 plan that targeted signing twenty thousand members and winning a premiership within three years - by the conclusion of the 2015 AFL season . The plan was criticised as being overly ambitious . By the end of the 20-ONE-3",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "period , the Suns had a highest membership of 13,643 ( achieved in 2015 ) and a highest ladder position of 12 ( 10 wins - achieved in 2014 ) .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "In the 2013 AFL season Gold Coast made a much improved effort , highlighted by victories over seasoned opponents in Collingwood , , the and . Their improvement on the past two seasons was so stark that they were considered possibilities of securing an unlikely finals berth up until the final round after Essendon lost all their premiership points . The Suns finished with 8 wins for the season and ended the season placed 14th on the ladder . Captain Gary Ablett won his second Brownlow Medal , the first such medalist to win the award at the club .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "Despite losing veterans Jared Brennan and Campbell Brown ahead of the 2014 season , some experts predicted Gold Coast to give the top 8 ( finals ) a nudge , though the general consensus was that the Suns would likely finish around 13th . Though beginning the season promisingly and entering Round 11 with a 7β2 record following impressive wins on the road against Melbourne , North Melbourne ( who had defeated minor premiers three weeks earlier ) , and St Kilda , the Suns would stumble severely through the second half of the season . After captain Gary Ablett",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "was injured in a win over Collingwood in round 16 , the club went on to lose the next two matches , including one in the QClash against Brisbane . In round 19 , the club recorded its inaugural win without their captain , defeating St Kilda . The club went on to lose the remaining matches of the season , finishing in 12th . Inaugural coach Guy McKenna was sacked at seasons end , leaving the club after 88 games in charge and winning just over 25% of them .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "Following McKennas departure , the Suns announced Rodney Eade as their new coach . Eade had coached the Sydney Swans and Western Bulldogs to multiple finals series and was regarded by some pundits as a good choice to push the Suns into a maiden finals campaign . In his first season , Eade made the decision to rush back Gary Ablett Jr into the side , which led to the on-field targeting of the star midfielder , whilst key position players Charlie Dixon and Harley Bennell were traded to other clubs as the Suns lost their opening four games and",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "never recovered , finishing the 2015 season in 16th place with only four wins . The club started the 2016 season with three consecutive wins and defeated minor premiers , giving the impression it was on the verge of achieving sustained on-field success . However it would only win a further three matches for the season and Ablett was again sidelined with a serious shoulder injury , whilst other players were lost to a combination of injury and suspension . The Suns hit the mid-to-late stage of the following season in reasonable form with a 6β8 win-loss record , though",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "disastrously lost their last eight matches and finished in 15th place . Divisions between some of the players and Eades cautious game-style emerged and by Round 19 club officials sacked Eade , citing a poor win-loss record . Eades departure was exacerbated at the end of the season by Abletts request to be traded back to his original club , despite having another year to serve on his contract with the club .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": " 2018βpresent : Stuart Dew . The club appointed and premiership player Stuart Dew as coach ahead of the 2018 season . Under Dew , the Suns adopted a draft strategy of recruiting young players , which in part contributed to a second-last finish in 2018 and last place finish in 2019 , the latter being the clubs second wooden spoon . David Swallow was appointed captain in 2019 and emerging talent such as Izak Rankine and Matt Rowell have shown signs of propelling the club to better results in the future .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": " Gold Coast began playing at Carrara Stadium in their foundation year of 2009 . Although the ground had existed since 1987 , the Gold Coast Football Clubs establishment in late 2008 prompted the club to use the stadium as their home ground during the 2009 TAC Cup . The ground opened in 1987 and was used by the Brisbane Bears for the first six years of existence and was later used by the North Melbourne Kangaroos and several professional Rugby league teams .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "The insufficient and outdated facilities at Carrara Stadium led to the Australian Football League investigating several stadium options for the Gold Coasts inaugural AFL season in 2011 . A new $172 million stadium in Helensvale was a strongly considered option . The AFL eventually brokered a deal with the Gold Coast City Council and the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium . The $144.2 million upgrade would increase the stadium capacity to 25,000 .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " Construction for the redevelopment of Carrara Stadium began in December 2009 and the Gold Coast was required to find a new home ground for the 2010 VFL season . The team shared their games among local grounds Fankhauser Reserve , H & A Oval and Cooke-Murphy Oval . The redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season and the Gold Coast were again required to find a temporary home ground . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "The redeveloped Carrara Stadium ( commercially known as Metricon Stadium ) was officially opened on 22 May 2011 by Queensland Premier Anna Bligh . Six days later the Gold Coast Suns hosted their first home match at the redeveloped Carrara Stadium against the Geelong Cats in front of a sell out crowd . Two months later , the Suns attracted the largest crowd ever at the Carrara Stadium in a game against Collingwood that attracted an attendance of 23,302 , a record broken in round 16 of 2014 when 24,032 attended also against Collingwood .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " The seating capacity was temporarily upgraded to 40,000 as part of the Gold Coasts successful bid to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "Whilst the Suns have played most of their home games at Metricon Stadium , there have been several times when the club has played home games away from Carrara . In 2011 , the club played had to find a temporary home ground as the redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season . The Gabba was again used in 2018 AFL season as Carrara was being prepared for the 2018 Commonwealth Games . In that season , they also played a home",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "game in Cairns at Cazalys Stadium , Perth at Optus Stadium and played the second of their home games in Shanghai at Jiangwan Stadium . This was following the club hosting the first ever AFL game outside Australia or New Zealand in 2017 in Shanghai .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " The club took a home game to their academy zone , Townsville at Riverway Stadium in 2019 before signing a deal with AFL Northern Territory to play a home game in their new academy zone Darwin at TIO Stadium from 2020 to 2024 . The match scheduled for Darwin in 2021 was moved however due to COVID-19 and was played as a Suns home game at the Sydney Cricket Ground .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " Other home grounds used for the Suns include : AFL Pre Season : Metricon Stadium ( 2012-2021 ) , Fankhauser Reserve ( 2011 , 2013 , 2018 ) , Riverway Stadium ( 2015 , 2018 ) , Merrimac Oval ( 2017 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2017 , 2019 ) AFL Womens : Metricon Stadium ( 2020-2021 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2020 )",
"title": "List of AFL Stadiums"
},
{
"text": " The three types of guernseys are : - Home guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red and gold based guernsey with the club logo in the middle . HostPlus sponsor on front and Cover-More sponsor on back ( home shorts worn in home games and away pants shorts in away games ) . - Away guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red based guernsey with a wave , coloured blue , gold and white . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) .",
"title": "Guernseys"
},
{
"text": "- Clash guernsey ( worn since 2016 ) : White based guernsey with an arrow-shaped design which goes down to the bottom , coloured blue , gold and two shades of grey . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) .",
"title": "Guernseys"
},
{
"text": " The Suns Mascot Manor representative and club mascot is Sunny Ray . In June 2018 the Suns introduced their new mascot , Skye .",
"title": "Mascot"
},
{
"text": " The Gold Coast Suns have a rivalry with fellow Queensland AFL team the Brisbane Lions . The two teams contest the QClash twice each season . The first QClash was held in 2011 , with Gold Coast winning by 8 points ; the game established the highest pay TV audience ever for an AFL game , with a total of 354,745 viewers watching the game .",
"title": "Brisbane"
},
{
"text": "The medal for the player adjudged best on ground is known as the Marcus Ashcroft Medal . It is named after former footballer Marcus Ashcroft , who played junior football on the Gold Coast for Southport and 318 VFL/AFL games for the Brisbane Bears/Lions between 1989 and 2003 . He later joined Gold Coasts coaching staff and was the first Queenslander to play 300 VFL/AFL games . Lion Dayne Beams has won the medal three times , the most by any player .",
"title": "Brisbane"
},
{
"text": " The trophy awarded to the winner of the game is currently known as the QClash Trophy . The trophy is a traditional style looking silver cup with a wooden base and a plaque . The plaques inscription reads from left to right , Brisbane Lions AFC , QCLASH , Gold Coast Suns FC .",
"title": "Brisbane"
},
{
"text": " A three-man committee of former Brisbane Lions chairman Graham Downie , Southport Sharks director Alan Mackenzie and lawyer and community leader John Witheriff established the clubs administration . As part of the AFL bid criteria , the GC17 consortium required a commitment from 20,000 locals to become football club members , a $5 million net asset base and 111 sponsors ( at least one major , 10 secondary level and 100 tertiary ) by mid-October 2008 .",
"title": "Administration"
},
{
"text": " In the leadup to the 2009 AFL Draft , the AFL allowed the Gold Coast to recruit 12 players born between January and April 1992 , with all other AFL clubs being restricted to players born in 1991 or earlier . Karmichael Hunt , a professional rugby league footballer with the Brisbane Broncos and rugby union side Biarritz Olympique in Frances Top 14 , was signed to swap codes to play for the Gold Coast from 2010 .",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": "Gary Ablett , Jr. , dual premiership player with Geelong and winner of the 2009 Brownlow Medal , signed a deal reportedly worth $9.6 million over five years to captain the Gold Coast during their starting years .",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": " Other significant signings to the current junior team that played in the VFL included Stanis Susuve ( a member of Papua New Guineas International Cup winning team ) and Brandon Matera ( whose father Wally Matera and uncles Peter and Phil all played senior AFL football with the West Coast Eagles ) . At the end of 2010 season , the club had been given the following concessions : - The ability to sign one uncontracted player from each of the 16 AFL clubs - Zoned access to five Queensland players prior to the AFL draft",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": "- The first pick in every round plus additional first round picks at Numbers 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 and 15 of the 2010 AFL Draft",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": " - The capacity to pre-list 10 players who had previously nominated for the AFL Draft , or were previously listed with an AFL club - The first five selections of the Rookie Draft - An expanded main list of 48 players ( clubs are usually allowed 38 )",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": " In September 2017 , Gold Coast were granted a license by the AFL to compete in the AFL Womens league from the start of the 2020 season . The club plays most home games at Carrara Stadium , though has occasionally played at Fankhauser Reserve in nearby Southport , and the Great Barrier Reef Arena in Mackay . The Suns women won only two of their sixteen matches across the 2020 and 2021 seasons . Inaugural coach David Lake left the club at the end of the 2021 season .",
"title": "AFL Womens team"
},
{
"text": " The Gold Coast Suns fielded a reserves team beneath the AFL team in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) competition between 2011 and 2019 . Following the dissolving of the NEAFL at the end of the 2019 season , the Suns reserves team entered the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 2021 . Match and season records . - Highest score : Gold Coast 21.22 ( 148 ) v Greater Western Sydney 16.8 ( 104 ) , Round 5 , 2013 , StarTrack Oval",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": "- Lowest score : Gold Coast 3.2 ( 20 ) v Port Adelaide 20.15 ( 135 ) , Round 23 , 2017 , Adelaide Oval",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": " - Lowest winning score : Gold Coast 7.13 ( 55 ) v North Melbourne 5.9 ( 39 ) , Round 1 , 2018 , Cazalys Stadium - Highest losing score : Gold Coast 17.11 ( 113 ) v West Coast 20.10 ( 130 ) , Round 19 , 2013 , Patersons Stadium - Greatest winning margin : 86 points β Gold Coast 21.13 ( 139 ) v Hawthorn 7.11 ( 53 ) , Round 3 , 2017 , Metricon Stadium",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": "- Greatest losing margin : 150 points β Gold Coast 6.2 ( 38 ) v Geelong 29.14 ( 188 ) , Round 20 , 2011 , Kardinia Park",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": " - Longest winning streak : 5 ( round 5 , 2014 β round 10 , 2014 ) - Longest losing streak : 21 ( round 18 , 2011 β round 15 , 2012 ) - Highest ladder position : 12th , 2014 AFL season - Lowest ladder position : 18th ( Wooden Spoon ) , 2019 AFL season",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": " Suns TV was a television program hosted by Jessica Skarratt that was carried by the Seven Network and was shown thirty minutes prior to Gold Coast Suns games in Queensland . The program featured highlights as well as interviews with players and coaches in the lead up to the match being played that week . It was no longer shown on TV as of 2015 .",
"title": "Suns TV"
}
] |
/wiki/Gold_Coast_Suns#P286#2
|
Who was the head coach of the team Gold Coast Suns in Jul 2018?
|
Gold Coast Suns The Gold Coast Suns is a professional Australian rules football club based in the Gold Coast suburb of Carrara , that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season , having been founded as the leagues 17th active club by a consortium formerly known as GC17 and being granted a licence to join the AFL on 31 March 2009 . The team play home matches at Carrara Stadium ( known for commercial purposes as Metricon Stadium ) and have their training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre . The club is one of two AFL clubs based in the state of Queensland , the other being its main rival , the Brisbane Lions . The Suns also field teams in the AFL Womens competition and the Victorian Football League . History . Foundation . The AFL identified New South Wales and Queensland as areas for commercial and participation growth in the mid-2000s . The two states had one team each within the region , and the AFL sought to replicate the model used in the traditional Australian football states of Western Australia and South Australia , which each had two local teams . In January 2008 , it was reported that the AFL officially registered the name Gold Coast Football Club Ltd with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission ( ASIC ) , a registration which had in fact been effective from 24 December 2007 . In March 2008 the AFL won the support of the leagues 16 club presidents to establish sides on the Gold Coast and in Western Sydney . The new club was formally granted the license to compete in the AFL on 31 March 2009 . AFL CEO Andrew Demetriou announced the club could debut in the Queensland State League in 2009 as it recruited players and prepared for its debut season in the AFL , which the league scheduled for 2011 . Marquee AFL players such as Nick Riewoldt , Lance Franklin and Kurt Tippett were speculated as potential signings for Gold Coast , though all three men ended up re-signing with their existing clubs . In June 2008 it was announced that the new team would play in the TAC Cup in 2009 and the Victorian Football League in 2010 ahead of its entry into the AFL in 2011 . Later that year the board of business-people who had been appointed to set up the club , and were known as the GC17 bid , appointed WAFL coach and former player Guy McKenna as senior coach . Essendon administrator Travis Auld was selected as head of the GC17 board , and would go on to lead the club in an off-field capacity for several years . The AFL were able to successfully negotiate with the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium as the clubs new home ground . The announcement of the redevelopment , of which a small portion was funded by the AFL , was made in May 2009 . On 22 July 2010 club administrators announced that the club would be known as the Gold Coast Suns , and adopt the colours red , gold and blue . 2009β2010 : TAC Cup and VFL . The clubs newly assembled junior squad competed in the 2009 TAC Cup under 18 competition and won most of their games , eventually finishing in 5th place . They defeated the Northern Knights in the elimination final but then lost their semi final to the Geelong Falcons . Below is the inaugural TAC Cup team to play for the Gold Coast Football Club , as well as a table of results and fixture for the 2009 and 2010 seasons : Inaugural TAC Cup team 2010 : VFL In November 2009 the team signed twelve 17-year-olds around the country to compete in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) year through the under age access rules . These players included Luke Russell ( Burnie ) , Maverick Weller ( Burnie ) , Taylor Hine ( Calder ) , Josh Toy ( Calder ) , Matt Shaw ( Dandenong ) , Piers Flanagan ( Geelong ) , Hayden Jolly ( Glenelg ) , Alex Keath ( Murray ) , Jack Hutchins ( Sandringham ) , Tom Nicholls ( Sandringham ) , Brandon Matera ( South Fremantle ) , Trent McKenzie ( Western Jets ) . The Gold Coast was also given permission ( by the AFL ) to play David Swallow in 2010 , despite not being the correct age . The deal that was struck with the AFL stated that Swallow would still need to go through the 2010 AFL Draft to officially join the team , while the other under age recruits contracts would run through 2011 . These are the results and fixture for the 2010 season , in which the club competed in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . Inaugural VFL team 2011 : AFL debut . Concessions on entry into the AFL Players acquired through concessions Initial 2011 playing squad recruitment 2011β2014 : McKenna era . Guy McKenna would continue to coach the team throughout the 2011 season and beyond , after successfully guiding the club through its journey in the TAC Cup and VFL in 2009 and 2010 . The Suns would play their first four home games of the 2011 AFL season at the Gabba in Brisbane , whilst their home stadium ( Metricon Stadium ) underwent final redevelopment works . Gold Coast had a bye in Round 1 , and played its first AFL game debuted in Round 2 on 2 April 2011 against Carlton at the Gabba in front of a crowd of 27,914 . The first five goals were scored by Carlton , before Charlie Dixon scored the first-ever goal for the Gold Coast Suns . Carlton went on to win by 119 points . Gold Coast won its first game in Round 5 on 23 April 2011 , defeating Port Adelaide at AAMI Stadium . Gold Coast trailed by 40 points late in the third quarter , before coming back to win by three points , after Port Adelaides Justin Westhoff missed a set shot after the siren . Michael Rischitelli was the best on ground . Gold Coast won two more matches for the season , winning the inaugural QClash against in Round 7 by eight points ( which became the most-watched AFL match on pay television ever ) , and defeating by 15 points in Round 17 in the first AFL match ever played at Cazalys Stadium in Cairns . However , the Suns also suffered several more very heavy defeats during the year , including a 139-point loss to in Round 6 β in which Essendon scored a record 15.4 ( 94 ) in the first quarter β and a 150-point loss against in Round 20 . The Suns went on to win the wooden spoon . Gold Coast endured a poor pre-season in 2012 which included a 13-point loss to fellow AFL newcomers . Their solitary win in that time was a narrow win over in the triangular round of the 2012 NAB Cup . The home-and-away season did not begin well for the Suns either , losing their first fourteen matches in succession to be the only winless team after Round 15 of the 2012 AFL season . Among the losses included losses by more than ninety points to and ( twice ) , seven-point losses to and at home and a 27-point loss to the newest AFL franchise , . Their fourteen losses to start the season was the worst by any team since lost its first 17 matches of the 2001 season . Their horror start to the season ended in round 16 with a narrow 2-point win against Richmond . They had a lead of up to 36 points halfway through the second quarter , which then shrank to 24 points after 2 quick goals before half time from Richmond . Richmond then had a six to two goal quarter , snatching the lead back . The lead then went to 18 points Richmonds way before Gold Coast snatched it back to just 4 . With 5 seconds left , a kick from the right forward pocket in Gold Coasts 50 was marked by Karmichael Hunt . After the siren sounded he kicked the goal to make Gold Coast 2-point winners . The Suns then won two more matches for the season , a 30-point win against in Round 20 and a 12-point upset win over in Round 22 , both at home . The team finished 17th at the end of the season , only above Greater Western Sydney on the AFL ladder . In November 2012 the club announced their 20-ONE-3 plan that targeted signing twenty thousand members and winning a premiership within three years - by the conclusion of the 2015 AFL season . The plan was criticised as being overly ambitious . By the end of the 20-ONE-3 period , the Suns had a highest membership of 13,643 ( achieved in 2015 ) and a highest ladder position of 12 ( 10 wins - achieved in 2014 ) . In the 2013 AFL season Gold Coast made a much improved effort , highlighted by victories over seasoned opponents in Collingwood , , the and . Their improvement on the past two seasons was so stark that they were considered possibilities of securing an unlikely finals berth up until the final round after Essendon lost all their premiership points . The Suns finished with 8 wins for the season and ended the season placed 14th on the ladder . Captain Gary Ablett won his second Brownlow Medal , the first such medalist to win the award at the club . Despite losing veterans Jared Brennan and Campbell Brown ahead of the 2014 season , some experts predicted Gold Coast to give the top 8 ( finals ) a nudge , though the general consensus was that the Suns would likely finish around 13th . Though beginning the season promisingly and entering Round 11 with a 7β2 record following impressive wins on the road against Melbourne , North Melbourne ( who had defeated minor premiers three weeks earlier ) , and St Kilda , the Suns would stumble severely through the second half of the season . After captain Gary Ablett was injured in a win over Collingwood in round 16 , the club went on to lose the next two matches , including one in the QClash against Brisbane . In round 19 , the club recorded its inaugural win without their captain , defeating St Kilda . The club went on to lose the remaining matches of the season , finishing in 12th . Inaugural coach Guy McKenna was sacked at seasons end , leaving the club after 88 games in charge and winning just over 25% of them . 2015β2017 : Rodney Eade . Following McKennas departure , the Suns announced Rodney Eade as their new coach . Eade had coached the Sydney Swans and Western Bulldogs to multiple finals series and was regarded by some pundits as a good choice to push the Suns into a maiden finals campaign . In his first season , Eade made the decision to rush back Gary Ablett Jr into the side , which led to the on-field targeting of the star midfielder , whilst key position players Charlie Dixon and Harley Bennell were traded to other clubs as the Suns lost their opening four games and never recovered , finishing the 2015 season in 16th place with only four wins . The club started the 2016 season with three consecutive wins and defeated minor premiers , giving the impression it was on the verge of achieving sustained on-field success . However it would only win a further three matches for the season and Ablett was again sidelined with a serious shoulder injury , whilst other players were lost to a combination of injury and suspension . The Suns hit the mid-to-late stage of the following season in reasonable form with a 6β8 win-loss record , though disastrously lost their last eight matches and finished in 15th place . Divisions between some of the players and Eades cautious game-style emerged and by Round 19 club officials sacked Eade , citing a poor win-loss record . Eades departure was exacerbated at the end of the season by Abletts request to be traded back to his original club , despite having another year to serve on his contract with the club . 2018βpresent : Stuart Dew . The club appointed and premiership player Stuart Dew as coach ahead of the 2018 season . Under Dew , the Suns adopted a draft strategy of recruiting young players , which in part contributed to a second-last finish in 2018 and last place finish in 2019 , the latter being the clubs second wooden spoon . David Swallow was appointed captain in 2019 and emerging talent such as Izak Rankine and Matt Rowell have shown signs of propelling the club to better results in the future . Stadium . Gold Coast began playing at Carrara Stadium in their foundation year of 2009 . Although the ground had existed since 1987 , the Gold Coast Football Clubs establishment in late 2008 prompted the club to use the stadium as their home ground during the 2009 TAC Cup . The ground opened in 1987 and was used by the Brisbane Bears for the first six years of existence and was later used by the North Melbourne Kangaroos and several professional Rugby league teams . The insufficient and outdated facilities at Carrara Stadium led to the Australian Football League investigating several stadium options for the Gold Coasts inaugural AFL season in 2011 . A new $172 million stadium in Helensvale was a strongly considered option . The AFL eventually brokered a deal with the Gold Coast City Council and the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium . The $144.2 million upgrade would increase the stadium capacity to 25,000 . Construction for the redevelopment of Carrara Stadium began in December 2009 and the Gold Coast was required to find a new home ground for the 2010 VFL season . The team shared their games among local grounds Fankhauser Reserve , H & A Oval and Cooke-Murphy Oval . The redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season and the Gold Coast were again required to find a temporary home ground . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season . The redeveloped Carrara Stadium ( commercially known as Metricon Stadium ) was officially opened on 22 May 2011 by Queensland Premier Anna Bligh . Six days later the Gold Coast Suns hosted their first home match at the redeveloped Carrara Stadium against the Geelong Cats in front of a sell out crowd . Two months later , the Suns attracted the largest crowd ever at the Carrara Stadium in a game against Collingwood that attracted an attendance of 23,302 , a record broken in round 16 of 2014 when 24,032 attended also against Collingwood . The seating capacity was temporarily upgraded to 40,000 as part of the Gold Coasts successful bid to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games . Whilst the Suns have played most of their home games at Metricon Stadium , there have been several times when the club has played home games away from Carrara . In 2011 , the club played had to find a temporary home ground as the redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season . The Gabba was again used in 2018 AFL season as Carrara was being prepared for the 2018 Commonwealth Games . In that season , they also played a home game in Cairns at Cazalys Stadium , Perth at Optus Stadium and played the second of their home games in Shanghai at Jiangwan Stadium . This was following the club hosting the first ever AFL game outside Australia or New Zealand in 2017 in Shanghai . The club took a home game to their academy zone , Townsville at Riverway Stadium in 2019 before signing a deal with AFL Northern Territory to play a home game in their new academy zone Darwin at TIO Stadium from 2020 to 2024 . The match scheduled for Darwin in 2021 was moved however due to COVID-19 and was played as a Suns home game at the Sydney Cricket Ground . List of AFL Stadiums Other home grounds used for the Suns include : AFL Pre Season : Metricon Stadium ( 2012-2021 ) , Fankhauser Reserve ( 2011 , 2013 , 2018 ) , Riverway Stadium ( 2015 , 2018 ) , Merrimac Oval ( 2017 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2017 , 2019 ) AFL Womens : Metricon Stadium ( 2020-2021 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2020 ) Corporate . Membership base and sponsors . β ΒΉ as of 9 September 2020 Club symbols . Guernseys . The three types of guernseys are : - Home guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red and gold based guernsey with the club logo in the middle . HostPlus sponsor on front and Cover-More sponsor on back ( home shorts worn in home games and away pants shorts in away games ) . - Away guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red based guernsey with a wave , coloured blue , gold and white . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) . - Clash guernsey ( worn since 2016 ) : White based guernsey with an arrow-shaped design which goes down to the bottom , coloured blue , gold and two shades of grey . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) . Mascot . The Suns Mascot Manor representative and club mascot is Sunny Ray . In June 2018 the Suns introduced their new mascot , Skye . Song . The team song is Suns of the Gold Coast Sky . Rivalries . Brisbane . The Gold Coast Suns have a rivalry with fellow Queensland AFL team the Brisbane Lions . The two teams contest the QClash twice each season . The first QClash was held in 2011 , with Gold Coast winning by 8 points ; the game established the highest pay TV audience ever for an AFL game , with a total of 354,745 viewers watching the game . The medal for the player adjudged best on ground is known as the Marcus Ashcroft Medal . It is named after former footballer Marcus Ashcroft , who played junior football on the Gold Coast for Southport and 318 VFL/AFL games for the Brisbane Bears/Lions between 1989 and 2003 . He later joined Gold Coasts coaching staff and was the first Queenslander to play 300 VFL/AFL games . Lion Dayne Beams has won the medal three times , the most by any player . The trophy awarded to the winner of the game is currently known as the QClash Trophy . The trophy is a traditional style looking silver cup with a wooden base and a plaque . The plaques inscription reads from left to right , Brisbane Lions AFC , QCLASH , Gold Coast Suns FC . Administration . A three-man committee of former Brisbane Lions chairman Graham Downie , Southport Sharks director Alan Mackenzie and lawyer and community leader John Witheriff established the clubs administration . As part of the AFL bid criteria , the GC17 consortium required a commitment from 20,000 locals to become football club members , a $5 million net asset base and 111 sponsors ( at least one major , 10 secondary level and 100 tertiary ) by mid-October 2008 . Recruitment . In the leadup to the 2009 AFL Draft , the AFL allowed the Gold Coast to recruit 12 players born between January and April 1992 , with all other AFL clubs being restricted to players born in 1991 or earlier . Karmichael Hunt , a professional rugby league footballer with the Brisbane Broncos and rugby union side Biarritz Olympique in Frances Top 14 , was signed to swap codes to play for the Gold Coast from 2010 . Gary Ablett , Jr. , dual premiership player with Geelong and winner of the 2009 Brownlow Medal , signed a deal reportedly worth $9.6 million over five years to captain the Gold Coast during their starting years . Other significant signings to the current junior team that played in the VFL included Stanis Susuve ( a member of Papua New Guineas International Cup winning team ) and Brandon Matera ( whose father Wally Matera and uncles Peter and Phil all played senior AFL football with the West Coast Eagles ) . At the end of 2010 season , the club had been given the following concessions : - The ability to sign one uncontracted player from each of the 16 AFL clubs - Zoned access to five Queensland players prior to the AFL draft - The first pick in every round plus additional first round picks at Numbers 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 and 15 of the 2010 AFL Draft - The capacity to pre-list 10 players who had previously nominated for the AFL Draft , or were previously listed with an AFL club - The first five selections of the Rookie Draft - An expanded main list of 48 players ( clubs are usually allowed 38 ) Coaching staff . - Senior coach : - Assistant coaches : - Head of Development : AFL Womens team . In September 2017 , Gold Coast were granted a license by the AFL to compete in the AFL Womens league from the start of the 2020 season . The club plays most home games at Carrara Stadium , though has occasionally played at Fankhauser Reserve in nearby Southport , and the Great Barrier Reef Arena in Mackay . The Suns women won only two of their sixteen matches across the 2020 and 2021 seasons . Inaugural coach David Lake left the club at the end of the 2021 season . Reserves team . The Gold Coast Suns fielded a reserves team beneath the AFL team in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) competition between 2011 and 2019 . Following the dissolving of the NEAFL at the end of the 2019 season , the Suns reserves team entered the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 2021 . Match and season records . - Highest score : Gold Coast 21.22 ( 148 ) v Greater Western Sydney 16.8 ( 104 ) , Round 5 , 2013 , StarTrack Oval - Lowest score : Gold Coast 3.2 ( 20 ) v Port Adelaide 20.15 ( 135 ) , Round 23 , 2017 , Adelaide Oval - Lowest winning score : Gold Coast 7.13 ( 55 ) v North Melbourne 5.9 ( 39 ) , Round 1 , 2018 , Cazalys Stadium - Highest losing score : Gold Coast 17.11 ( 113 ) v West Coast 20.10 ( 130 ) , Round 19 , 2013 , Patersons Stadium - Greatest winning margin : 86 points β Gold Coast 21.13 ( 139 ) v Hawthorn 7.11 ( 53 ) , Round 3 , 2017 , Metricon Stadium - Greatest losing margin : 150 points β Gold Coast 6.2 ( 38 ) v Geelong 29.14 ( 188 ) , Round 20 , 2011 , Kardinia Park - Longest winning streak : 5 ( round 5 , 2014 β round 10 , 2014 ) - Longest losing streak : 21 ( round 18 , 2011 β round 15 , 2012 ) - Highest ladder position : 12th , 2014 AFL season - Lowest ladder position : 18th ( Wooden Spoon ) , 2019 AFL season Suns TV . Suns TV was a television program hosted by Jessica Skarratt that was carried by the Seven Network and was shown thirty minutes prior to Gold Coast Suns games in Queensland . The program featured highlights as well as interviews with players and coaches in the lead up to the match being played that week . It was no longer shown on TV as of 2015 .
|
[
"Stuart Dew"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Gold Coast Suns is a professional Australian rules football club based in the Gold Coast suburb of Carrara , that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .",
"title": "Gold Coast Suns"
},
{
"text": "The club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season , having been founded as the leagues 17th active club by a consortium formerly known as GC17 and being granted a licence to join the AFL on 31 March 2009 . The team play home matches at Carrara Stadium ( known for commercial purposes as Metricon Stadium ) and have their training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre . The club is one of two AFL clubs based in the state of Queensland , the other being its main rival ,",
"title": "Gold Coast Suns"
},
{
"text": "the Brisbane Lions . The Suns also field teams in the AFL Womens competition and the Victorian Football League .",
"title": "Gold Coast Suns"
},
{
"text": "The AFL identified New South Wales and Queensland as areas for commercial and participation growth in the mid-2000s . The two states had one team each within the region , and the AFL sought to replicate the model used in the traditional Australian football states of Western Australia and South Australia , which each had two local teams . In January 2008 , it was reported that the AFL officially registered the name Gold Coast Football Club Ltd with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission ( ASIC ) , a registration which had in fact been effective from 24 December",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "2007 . In March 2008 the AFL won the support of the leagues 16 club presidents to establish sides on the Gold Coast and in Western Sydney . The new club was formally granted the license to compete in the AFL on 31 March 2009 .",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "AFL CEO Andrew Demetriou announced the club could debut in the Queensland State League in 2009 as it recruited players and prepared for its debut season in the AFL , which the league scheduled for 2011 . Marquee AFL players such as Nick Riewoldt , Lance Franklin and Kurt Tippett were speculated as potential signings for Gold Coast , though all three men ended up re-signing with their existing clubs . In June 2008 it was announced that the new team would play in the TAC Cup in 2009 and the Victorian Football League in 2010 ahead of its entry",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "into the AFL in 2011 . Later that year the board of business-people who had been appointed to set up the club , and were known as the GC17 bid , appointed WAFL coach and former player Guy McKenna as senior coach . Essendon administrator Travis Auld was selected as head of the GC17 board , and would go on to lead the club in an off-field capacity for several years .",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": " The AFL were able to successfully negotiate with the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium as the clubs new home ground . The announcement of the redevelopment , of which a small portion was funded by the AFL , was made in May 2009 . On 22 July 2010 club administrators announced that the club would be known as the Gold Coast Suns , and adopt the colours red , gold and blue . 2009β2010 : TAC Cup and VFL .",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "The clubs newly assembled junior squad competed in the 2009 TAC Cup under 18 competition and won most of their games , eventually finishing in 5th place . They defeated the Northern Knights in the elimination final but then lost their semi final to the Geelong Falcons . Below is the inaugural TAC Cup team to play for the Gold Coast Football Club , as well as a table of results and fixture for the 2009 and 2010 seasons :",
"title": "Foundation"
},
{
"text": "In November 2009 the team signed twelve 17-year-olds around the country to compete in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) year through the under age access rules . These players included Luke Russell ( Burnie ) , Maverick Weller ( Burnie ) , Taylor Hine ( Calder ) , Josh Toy ( Calder ) , Matt Shaw ( Dandenong ) , Piers Flanagan ( Geelong ) , Hayden Jolly ( Glenelg ) , Alex Keath ( Murray ) , Jack Hutchins ( Sandringham ) , Tom Nicholls ( Sandringham ) , Brandon Matera ( South Fremantle ) , Trent",
"title": "Inaugural TAC Cup team"
},
{
"text": "McKenzie ( Western Jets ) .",
"title": "Inaugural TAC Cup team"
},
{
"text": " The Gold Coast was also given permission ( by the AFL ) to play David Swallow in 2010 , despite not being the correct age . The deal that was struck with the AFL stated that Swallow would still need to go through the 2010 AFL Draft to officially join the team , while the other under age recruits contracts would run through 2011 . These are the results and fixture for the 2010 season , in which the club competed in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) .",
"title": "Inaugural TAC Cup team"
},
{
"text": " Initial 2011 playing squad recruitment 2011β2014 : McKenna era . Guy McKenna would continue to coach the team throughout the 2011 season and beyond , after successfully guiding the club through its journey in the TAC Cup and VFL in 2009 and 2010 . The Suns would play their first four home games of the 2011 AFL season at the Gabba in Brisbane , whilst their home stadium ( Metricon Stadium ) underwent final redevelopment works .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "Gold Coast had a bye in Round 1 , and played its first AFL game debuted in Round 2 on 2 April 2011 against Carlton at the Gabba in front of a crowd of 27,914 . The first five goals were scored by Carlton , before Charlie Dixon scored the first-ever goal for the Gold Coast Suns . Carlton went on to win by 119 points . Gold Coast won its first game in Round 5 on 23 April 2011 , defeating Port Adelaide at AAMI Stadium . Gold Coast trailed by 40 points late in the third quarter ,",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "before coming back to win by three points , after Port Adelaides Justin Westhoff missed a set shot after the siren . Michael Rischitelli was the best on ground . Gold Coast won two more matches for the season , winning the inaugural QClash against in Round 7 by eight points ( which became the most-watched AFL match on pay television ever ) , and defeating by 15 points in Round 17 in the first AFL match ever played at Cazalys Stadium in Cairns . However , the Suns also suffered several more very heavy defeats during the year ,",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "including a 139-point loss to in Round 6 β in which Essendon scored a record 15.4 ( 94 ) in the first quarter β and a 150-point loss against in Round 20 . The Suns went on to win the wooden spoon .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": " Gold Coast endured a poor pre-season in 2012 which included a 13-point loss to fellow AFL newcomers . Their solitary win in that time was a narrow win over in the triangular round of the 2012 NAB Cup .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "The home-and-away season did not begin well for the Suns either , losing their first fourteen matches in succession to be the only winless team after Round 15 of the 2012 AFL season . Among the losses included losses by more than ninety points to and ( twice ) , seven-point losses to and at home and a 27-point loss to the newest AFL franchise , . Their fourteen losses to start the season was the worst by any team since lost its first 17 matches of the 2001 season . Their horror start to the season ended in round",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "16 with a narrow 2-point win against Richmond . They had a lead of up to 36 points halfway through the second quarter , which then shrank to 24 points after 2 quick goals before half time from Richmond . Richmond then had a six to two goal quarter , snatching the lead back . The lead then went to 18 points Richmonds way before Gold Coast snatched it back to just 4 . With 5 seconds left , a kick from the right forward pocket in Gold Coasts 50 was marked by Karmichael Hunt . After the siren sounded",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "he kicked the goal to make Gold Coast 2-point winners .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "The Suns then won two more matches for the season , a 30-point win against in Round 20 and a 12-point upset win over in Round 22 , both at home . The team finished 17th at the end of the season , only above Greater Western Sydney on the AFL ladder . In November 2012 the club announced their 20-ONE-3 plan that targeted signing twenty thousand members and winning a premiership within three years - by the conclusion of the 2015 AFL season . The plan was criticised as being overly ambitious . By the end of the 20-ONE-3",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "period , the Suns had a highest membership of 13,643 ( achieved in 2015 ) and a highest ladder position of 12 ( 10 wins - achieved in 2014 ) .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "In the 2013 AFL season Gold Coast made a much improved effort , highlighted by victories over seasoned opponents in Collingwood , , the and . Their improvement on the past two seasons was so stark that they were considered possibilities of securing an unlikely finals berth up until the final round after Essendon lost all their premiership points . The Suns finished with 8 wins for the season and ended the season placed 14th on the ladder . Captain Gary Ablett won his second Brownlow Medal , the first such medalist to win the award at the club .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "Despite losing veterans Jared Brennan and Campbell Brown ahead of the 2014 season , some experts predicted Gold Coast to give the top 8 ( finals ) a nudge , though the general consensus was that the Suns would likely finish around 13th . Though beginning the season promisingly and entering Round 11 with a 7β2 record following impressive wins on the road against Melbourne , North Melbourne ( who had defeated minor premiers three weeks earlier ) , and St Kilda , the Suns would stumble severely through the second half of the season . After captain Gary Ablett",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "was injured in a win over Collingwood in round 16 , the club went on to lose the next two matches , including one in the QClash against Brisbane . In round 19 , the club recorded its inaugural win without their captain , defeating St Kilda . The club went on to lose the remaining matches of the season , finishing in 12th . Inaugural coach Guy McKenna was sacked at seasons end , leaving the club after 88 games in charge and winning just over 25% of them .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "Following McKennas departure , the Suns announced Rodney Eade as their new coach . Eade had coached the Sydney Swans and Western Bulldogs to multiple finals series and was regarded by some pundits as a good choice to push the Suns into a maiden finals campaign . In his first season , Eade made the decision to rush back Gary Ablett Jr into the side , which led to the on-field targeting of the star midfielder , whilst key position players Charlie Dixon and Harley Bennell were traded to other clubs as the Suns lost their opening four games and",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "never recovered , finishing the 2015 season in 16th place with only four wins . The club started the 2016 season with three consecutive wins and defeated minor premiers , giving the impression it was on the verge of achieving sustained on-field success . However it would only win a further three matches for the season and Ablett was again sidelined with a serious shoulder injury , whilst other players were lost to a combination of injury and suspension . The Suns hit the mid-to-late stage of the following season in reasonable form with a 6β8 win-loss record , though",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": "disastrously lost their last eight matches and finished in 15th place . Divisions between some of the players and Eades cautious game-style emerged and by Round 19 club officials sacked Eade , citing a poor win-loss record . Eades departure was exacerbated at the end of the season by Abletts request to be traded back to his original club , despite having another year to serve on his contract with the club .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": " 2018βpresent : Stuart Dew . The club appointed and premiership player Stuart Dew as coach ahead of the 2018 season . Under Dew , the Suns adopted a draft strategy of recruiting young players , which in part contributed to a second-last finish in 2018 and last place finish in 2019 , the latter being the clubs second wooden spoon . David Swallow was appointed captain in 2019 and emerging talent such as Izak Rankine and Matt Rowell have shown signs of propelling the club to better results in the future .",
"title": "Players acquired through concessions"
},
{
"text": " Gold Coast began playing at Carrara Stadium in their foundation year of 2009 . Although the ground had existed since 1987 , the Gold Coast Football Clubs establishment in late 2008 prompted the club to use the stadium as their home ground during the 2009 TAC Cup . The ground opened in 1987 and was used by the Brisbane Bears for the first six years of existence and was later used by the North Melbourne Kangaroos and several professional Rugby league teams .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "The insufficient and outdated facilities at Carrara Stadium led to the Australian Football League investigating several stadium options for the Gold Coasts inaugural AFL season in 2011 . A new $172 million stadium in Helensvale was a strongly considered option . The AFL eventually brokered a deal with the Gold Coast City Council and the Queensland Government to redevelop Carrara Stadium . The $144.2 million upgrade would increase the stadium capacity to 25,000 .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " Construction for the redevelopment of Carrara Stadium began in December 2009 and the Gold Coast was required to find a new home ground for the 2010 VFL season . The team shared their games among local grounds Fankhauser Reserve , H & A Oval and Cooke-Murphy Oval . The redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season and the Gold Coast were again required to find a temporary home ground . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "The redeveloped Carrara Stadium ( commercially known as Metricon Stadium ) was officially opened on 22 May 2011 by Queensland Premier Anna Bligh . Six days later the Gold Coast Suns hosted their first home match at the redeveloped Carrara Stadium against the Geelong Cats in front of a sell out crowd . Two months later , the Suns attracted the largest crowd ever at the Carrara Stadium in a game against Collingwood that attracted an attendance of 23,302 , a record broken in round 16 of 2014 when 24,032 attended also against Collingwood .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " The seating capacity was temporarily upgraded to 40,000 as part of the Gold Coasts successful bid to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "Whilst the Suns have played most of their home games at Metricon Stadium , there have been several times when the club has played home games away from Carrara . In 2011 , the club played had to find a temporary home ground as the redevelopment ran into the 2011 AFL season . The Suns elected to use the Gabba for their first three home games of the 2011 season . The Gabba was again used in 2018 AFL season as Carrara was being prepared for the 2018 Commonwealth Games . In that season , they also played a home",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "game in Cairns at Cazalys Stadium , Perth at Optus Stadium and played the second of their home games in Shanghai at Jiangwan Stadium . This was following the club hosting the first ever AFL game outside Australia or New Zealand in 2017 in Shanghai .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " The club took a home game to their academy zone , Townsville at Riverway Stadium in 2019 before signing a deal with AFL Northern Territory to play a home game in their new academy zone Darwin at TIO Stadium from 2020 to 2024 . The match scheduled for Darwin in 2021 was moved however due to COVID-19 and was played as a Suns home game at the Sydney Cricket Ground .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " Other home grounds used for the Suns include : AFL Pre Season : Metricon Stadium ( 2012-2021 ) , Fankhauser Reserve ( 2011 , 2013 , 2018 ) , Riverway Stadium ( 2015 , 2018 ) , Merrimac Oval ( 2017 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2017 , 2019 ) AFL Womens : Metricon Stadium ( 2020-2021 ) , Great Barrier Reef Arena ( 2020 )",
"title": "List of AFL Stadiums"
},
{
"text": " The three types of guernseys are : - Home guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red and gold based guernsey with the club logo in the middle . HostPlus sponsor on front and Cover-More sponsor on back ( home shorts worn in home games and away pants shorts in away games ) . - Away guernsey ( worn since 2011 ) : Red based guernsey with a wave , coloured blue , gold and white . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) .",
"title": "Guernseys"
},
{
"text": "- Clash guernsey ( worn since 2016 ) : White based guernsey with an arrow-shaped design which goes down to the bottom , coloured blue , gold and two shades of grey . Cover-More sponsor on front and HOSTPLUS sponsor on back ( away shorts worn ) .",
"title": "Guernseys"
},
{
"text": " The Suns Mascot Manor representative and club mascot is Sunny Ray . In June 2018 the Suns introduced their new mascot , Skye .",
"title": "Mascot"
},
{
"text": " The Gold Coast Suns have a rivalry with fellow Queensland AFL team the Brisbane Lions . The two teams contest the QClash twice each season . The first QClash was held in 2011 , with Gold Coast winning by 8 points ; the game established the highest pay TV audience ever for an AFL game , with a total of 354,745 viewers watching the game .",
"title": "Brisbane"
},
{
"text": "The medal for the player adjudged best on ground is known as the Marcus Ashcroft Medal . It is named after former footballer Marcus Ashcroft , who played junior football on the Gold Coast for Southport and 318 VFL/AFL games for the Brisbane Bears/Lions between 1989 and 2003 . He later joined Gold Coasts coaching staff and was the first Queenslander to play 300 VFL/AFL games . Lion Dayne Beams has won the medal three times , the most by any player .",
"title": "Brisbane"
},
{
"text": " The trophy awarded to the winner of the game is currently known as the QClash Trophy . The trophy is a traditional style looking silver cup with a wooden base and a plaque . The plaques inscription reads from left to right , Brisbane Lions AFC , QCLASH , Gold Coast Suns FC .",
"title": "Brisbane"
},
{
"text": " A three-man committee of former Brisbane Lions chairman Graham Downie , Southport Sharks director Alan Mackenzie and lawyer and community leader John Witheriff established the clubs administration . As part of the AFL bid criteria , the GC17 consortium required a commitment from 20,000 locals to become football club members , a $5 million net asset base and 111 sponsors ( at least one major , 10 secondary level and 100 tertiary ) by mid-October 2008 .",
"title": "Administration"
},
{
"text": " In the leadup to the 2009 AFL Draft , the AFL allowed the Gold Coast to recruit 12 players born between January and April 1992 , with all other AFL clubs being restricted to players born in 1991 or earlier . Karmichael Hunt , a professional rugby league footballer with the Brisbane Broncos and rugby union side Biarritz Olympique in Frances Top 14 , was signed to swap codes to play for the Gold Coast from 2010 .",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": "Gary Ablett , Jr. , dual premiership player with Geelong and winner of the 2009 Brownlow Medal , signed a deal reportedly worth $9.6 million over five years to captain the Gold Coast during their starting years .",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": " Other significant signings to the current junior team that played in the VFL included Stanis Susuve ( a member of Papua New Guineas International Cup winning team ) and Brandon Matera ( whose father Wally Matera and uncles Peter and Phil all played senior AFL football with the West Coast Eagles ) . At the end of 2010 season , the club had been given the following concessions : - The ability to sign one uncontracted player from each of the 16 AFL clubs - Zoned access to five Queensland players prior to the AFL draft",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": "- The first pick in every round plus additional first round picks at Numbers 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 and 15 of the 2010 AFL Draft",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": " - The capacity to pre-list 10 players who had previously nominated for the AFL Draft , or were previously listed with an AFL club - The first five selections of the Rookie Draft - An expanded main list of 48 players ( clubs are usually allowed 38 )",
"title": "Recruitment"
},
{
"text": " In September 2017 , Gold Coast were granted a license by the AFL to compete in the AFL Womens league from the start of the 2020 season . The club plays most home games at Carrara Stadium , though has occasionally played at Fankhauser Reserve in nearby Southport , and the Great Barrier Reef Arena in Mackay . The Suns women won only two of their sixteen matches across the 2020 and 2021 seasons . Inaugural coach David Lake left the club at the end of the 2021 season .",
"title": "AFL Womens team"
},
{
"text": " The Gold Coast Suns fielded a reserves team beneath the AFL team in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) competition between 2011 and 2019 . Following the dissolving of the NEAFL at the end of the 2019 season , the Suns reserves team entered the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 2021 . Match and season records . - Highest score : Gold Coast 21.22 ( 148 ) v Greater Western Sydney 16.8 ( 104 ) , Round 5 , 2013 , StarTrack Oval",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": "- Lowest score : Gold Coast 3.2 ( 20 ) v Port Adelaide 20.15 ( 135 ) , Round 23 , 2017 , Adelaide Oval",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": " - Lowest winning score : Gold Coast 7.13 ( 55 ) v North Melbourne 5.9 ( 39 ) , Round 1 , 2018 , Cazalys Stadium - Highest losing score : Gold Coast 17.11 ( 113 ) v West Coast 20.10 ( 130 ) , Round 19 , 2013 , Patersons Stadium - Greatest winning margin : 86 points β Gold Coast 21.13 ( 139 ) v Hawthorn 7.11 ( 53 ) , Round 3 , 2017 , Metricon Stadium",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": "- Greatest losing margin : 150 points β Gold Coast 6.2 ( 38 ) v Geelong 29.14 ( 188 ) , Round 20 , 2011 , Kardinia Park",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": " - Longest winning streak : 5 ( round 5 , 2014 β round 10 , 2014 ) - Longest losing streak : 21 ( round 18 , 2011 β round 15 , 2012 ) - Highest ladder position : 12th , 2014 AFL season - Lowest ladder position : 18th ( Wooden Spoon ) , 2019 AFL season",
"title": "Reserves team"
},
{
"text": " Suns TV was a television program hosted by Jessica Skarratt that was carried by the Seven Network and was shown thirty minutes prior to Gold Coast Suns games in Queensland . The program featured highlights as well as interviews with players and coaches in the lead up to the match being played that week . It was no longer shown on TV as of 2015 .",
"title": "Suns TV"
}
] |
/wiki/Department_of_Social_Protection#P1448#0
|
What was the official name of Department of Social Protection before Aug 1976?
|
Department of Social Protection The Department of Social Protection ( ) is a department of the Government of Ireland , tasked with administering Irelands social welfare system . It oversees the provision of income support and other social services . It is led by the Minister for Social Protection who is assisted by two Ministers of State . Departmental team . The official headquarters and Ministerial offices of the Department are in Γras Mhic Dhiarmada , Store Street , Dublin . The departmental team consists of the following : - Minister for Social Protection : Heather Humphreys , TD - Minister of State : Joe OBrien , TD - Minister of State : Damien English , TD - Secretary General of the Department : John McKeon Overview . In carrying out its mandate the Department undertakes a variety of functions including : The Department formulates appropriate social protection policies and administers and manages the delivery of statutory and non-statutory schemes and services . It is responsible for the delivery of a range of social insurance and social assistance schemes including provision for unemployment , illness , maternity , caring , widowhood , retirement and old age . Payments are made to nearly 950,000 people each week with over 1.5 million people directly benefiting from those payments . The budget allocation for 2021 is β¬25.1 billion . Prior the dissolution of FΓS in 2013 , the Department took over its employment support functions . Payments are generally divided into three groups : - Social Insurance ( or contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of PRSI Contributions . - Social Assistance ( or non-contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of satisfying a means test . - Universal payments ( such as Child Benefit or Free Travel ) which are not dependent on PRSI contributions or a means test . The Department provides its services through a network of 126 Intreo Centres and Branch Offices throughout the State and , increasingly , through its Mywelfare.ie portal . Intreo Centres , launched in 2012 , were a rebranding of the Social Welfare Offices around the State , updated to reflect the Department of Social Protections new responsibilities when it brought in some 1,700 staff from FΓS and the HSEs Community Welfare Service . Controversies . In August 2019 , the Data Protection Commissioner ( DPC ) found the Department of Social Protections processing of personal data during the issuing of Public Services Cards ( PSC ) for use in transactions between a person and a public body other than the Department itself to be illegal . The Commission also found that the blanket and indefinite retention of documents and information provided by people applying for a Public Services Card violate data protection law . The Data Protection Commission has given the Department three weeks to stop all processing of personal data where a PSC is being issued solely for the purpose of a transaction between a member of the public and a public body . Meaning that the data held on more than three million card holders must now be deleted . Agencies . - Citizens Information Board - The Pensions Authority - Office of the Pensions Ombudsman History . The Department was created by the Ministers and Secretaries ( Amendment ) Act 1946 as the Department of Social Welfare . This took effect in 1947 with James Ryan as the first Minister . External links . - Department of Social Protection
|
[
"Department of Social Welfare"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Department of Social Protection ( ) is a department of the Government of Ireland , tasked with administering Irelands social welfare system . It oversees the provision of income support and other social services . It is led by the Minister for Social Protection who is assisted by two Ministers of State .",
"title": "Department of Social Protection"
},
{
"text": " The official headquarters and Ministerial offices of the Department are in Γras Mhic Dhiarmada , Store Street , Dublin . The departmental team consists of the following : - Minister for Social Protection : Heather Humphreys , TD - Minister of State : Joe OBrien , TD - Minister of State : Damien English , TD - Secretary General of the Department : John McKeon",
"title": "Departmental team"
},
{
"text": "The Department formulates appropriate social protection policies and administers and manages the delivery of statutory and non-statutory schemes and services . It is responsible for the delivery of a range of social insurance and social assistance schemes including provision for unemployment , illness , maternity , caring , widowhood , retirement and old age . Payments are made to nearly 950,000 people each week with over 1.5 million people directly benefiting from those payments . The budget allocation for 2021 is β¬25.1 billion . Prior the dissolution of FΓS in 2013 , the Department took over its employment support functions",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " Payments are generally divided into three groups : - Social Insurance ( or contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of PRSI Contributions . - Social Assistance ( or non-contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of satisfying a means test . - Universal payments ( such as Child Benefit or Free Travel ) which are not dependent on PRSI contributions or a means test . The Department provides its services through a network of 126 Intreo Centres and Branch Offices throughout the State and , increasingly , through its Mywelfare.ie portal .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": "Intreo Centres , launched in 2012 , were a rebranding of the Social Welfare Offices around the State , updated to reflect the Department of Social Protections new responsibilities when it brought in some 1,700 staff from FΓS and the HSEs Community Welfare Service .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " In August 2019 , the Data Protection Commissioner ( DPC ) found the Department of Social Protections processing of personal data during the issuing of Public Services Cards ( PSC ) for use in transactions between a person and a public body other than the Department itself to be illegal .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "The Commission also found that the blanket and indefinite retention of documents and information provided by people applying for a Public Services Card violate data protection law . The Data Protection Commission has given the Department three weeks to stop all processing of personal data where a PSC is being issued solely for the purpose of a transaction between a member of the public and a public body . Meaning that the data held on more than three million card holders must now be deleted .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " The Department was created by the Ministers and Secretaries ( Amendment ) Act 1946 as the Department of Social Welfare . This took effect in 1947 with James Ryan as the first Minister .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Department of Social Protection",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Department_of_Social_Protection#P1448#1
|
What was the official name of Department of Social Protection between Sep 2002 and Oct 2005?
|
Department of Social Protection The Department of Social Protection ( ) is a department of the Government of Ireland , tasked with administering Irelands social welfare system . It oversees the provision of income support and other social services . It is led by the Minister for Social Protection who is assisted by two Ministers of State . Departmental team . The official headquarters and Ministerial offices of the Department are in Γras Mhic Dhiarmada , Store Street , Dublin . The departmental team consists of the following : - Minister for Social Protection : Heather Humphreys , TD - Minister of State : Joe OBrien , TD - Minister of State : Damien English , TD - Secretary General of the Department : John McKeon Overview . In carrying out its mandate the Department undertakes a variety of functions including : The Department formulates appropriate social protection policies and administers and manages the delivery of statutory and non-statutory schemes and services . It is responsible for the delivery of a range of social insurance and social assistance schemes including provision for unemployment , illness , maternity , caring , widowhood , retirement and old age . Payments are made to nearly 950,000 people each week with over 1.5 million people directly benefiting from those payments . The budget allocation for 2021 is β¬25.1 billion . Prior the dissolution of FΓS in 2013 , the Department took over its employment support functions . Payments are generally divided into three groups : - Social Insurance ( or contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of PRSI Contributions . - Social Assistance ( or non-contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of satisfying a means test . - Universal payments ( such as Child Benefit or Free Travel ) which are not dependent on PRSI contributions or a means test . The Department provides its services through a network of 126 Intreo Centres and Branch Offices throughout the State and , increasingly , through its Mywelfare.ie portal . Intreo Centres , launched in 2012 , were a rebranding of the Social Welfare Offices around the State , updated to reflect the Department of Social Protections new responsibilities when it brought in some 1,700 staff from FΓS and the HSEs Community Welfare Service . Controversies . In August 2019 , the Data Protection Commissioner ( DPC ) found the Department of Social Protections processing of personal data during the issuing of Public Services Cards ( PSC ) for use in transactions between a person and a public body other than the Department itself to be illegal . The Commission also found that the blanket and indefinite retention of documents and information provided by people applying for a Public Services Card violate data protection law . The Data Protection Commission has given the Department three weeks to stop all processing of personal data where a PSC is being issued solely for the purpose of a transaction between a member of the public and a public body . Meaning that the data held on more than three million card holders must now be deleted . Agencies . - Citizens Information Board - The Pensions Authority - Office of the Pensions Ombudsman History . The Department was created by the Ministers and Secretaries ( Amendment ) Act 1946 as the Department of Social Welfare . This took effect in 1947 with James Ryan as the first Minister . External links . - Department of Social Protection
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " The Department of Social Protection ( ) is a department of the Government of Ireland , tasked with administering Irelands social welfare system . It oversees the provision of income support and other social services . It is led by the Minister for Social Protection who is assisted by two Ministers of State .",
"title": "Department of Social Protection"
},
{
"text": " The official headquarters and Ministerial offices of the Department are in Γras Mhic Dhiarmada , Store Street , Dublin . The departmental team consists of the following : - Minister for Social Protection : Heather Humphreys , TD - Minister of State : Joe OBrien , TD - Minister of State : Damien English , TD - Secretary General of the Department : John McKeon",
"title": "Departmental team"
},
{
"text": "The Department formulates appropriate social protection policies and administers and manages the delivery of statutory and non-statutory schemes and services . It is responsible for the delivery of a range of social insurance and social assistance schemes including provision for unemployment , illness , maternity , caring , widowhood , retirement and old age . Payments are made to nearly 950,000 people each week with over 1.5 million people directly benefiting from those payments . The budget allocation for 2021 is β¬25.1 billion . Prior the dissolution of FΓS in 2013 , the Department took over its employment support functions",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " Payments are generally divided into three groups : - Social Insurance ( or contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of PRSI Contributions . - Social Assistance ( or non-contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of satisfying a means test . - Universal payments ( such as Child Benefit or Free Travel ) which are not dependent on PRSI contributions or a means test . The Department provides its services through a network of 126 Intreo Centres and Branch Offices throughout the State and , increasingly , through its Mywelfare.ie portal .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": "Intreo Centres , launched in 2012 , were a rebranding of the Social Welfare Offices around the State , updated to reflect the Department of Social Protections new responsibilities when it brought in some 1,700 staff from FΓS and the HSEs Community Welfare Service .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " In August 2019 , the Data Protection Commissioner ( DPC ) found the Department of Social Protections processing of personal data during the issuing of Public Services Cards ( PSC ) for use in transactions between a person and a public body other than the Department itself to be illegal .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "The Commission also found that the blanket and indefinite retention of documents and information provided by people applying for a Public Services Card violate data protection law . The Data Protection Commission has given the Department three weeks to stop all processing of personal data where a PSC is being issued solely for the purpose of a transaction between a member of the public and a public body . Meaning that the data held on more than three million card holders must now be deleted .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " The Department was created by the Ministers and Secretaries ( Amendment ) Act 1946 as the Department of Social Welfare . This took effect in 1947 with James Ryan as the first Minister .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Department of Social Protection",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Department_of_Social_Protection#P1448#2
|
What was the official name of Department of Social Protection between May 2017 and Jul 2017?
|
Department of Social Protection The Department of Social Protection ( ) is a department of the Government of Ireland , tasked with administering Irelands social welfare system . It oversees the provision of income support and other social services . It is led by the Minister for Social Protection who is assisted by two Ministers of State . Departmental team . The official headquarters and Ministerial offices of the Department are in Γras Mhic Dhiarmada , Store Street , Dublin . The departmental team consists of the following : - Minister for Social Protection : Heather Humphreys , TD - Minister of State : Joe OBrien , TD - Minister of State : Damien English , TD - Secretary General of the Department : John McKeon Overview . In carrying out its mandate the Department undertakes a variety of functions including : The Department formulates appropriate social protection policies and administers and manages the delivery of statutory and non-statutory schemes and services . It is responsible for the delivery of a range of social insurance and social assistance schemes including provision for unemployment , illness , maternity , caring , widowhood , retirement and old age . Payments are made to nearly 950,000 people each week with over 1.5 million people directly benefiting from those payments . The budget allocation for 2021 is β¬25.1 billion . Prior the dissolution of FΓS in 2013 , the Department took over its employment support functions . Payments are generally divided into three groups : - Social Insurance ( or contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of PRSI Contributions . - Social Assistance ( or non-contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of satisfying a means test . - Universal payments ( such as Child Benefit or Free Travel ) which are not dependent on PRSI contributions or a means test . The Department provides its services through a network of 126 Intreo Centres and Branch Offices throughout the State and , increasingly , through its Mywelfare.ie portal . Intreo Centres , launched in 2012 , were a rebranding of the Social Welfare Offices around the State , updated to reflect the Department of Social Protections new responsibilities when it brought in some 1,700 staff from FΓS and the HSEs Community Welfare Service . Controversies . In August 2019 , the Data Protection Commissioner ( DPC ) found the Department of Social Protections processing of personal data during the issuing of Public Services Cards ( PSC ) for use in transactions between a person and a public body other than the Department itself to be illegal . The Commission also found that the blanket and indefinite retention of documents and information provided by people applying for a Public Services Card violate data protection law . The Data Protection Commission has given the Department three weeks to stop all processing of personal data where a PSC is being issued solely for the purpose of a transaction between a member of the public and a public body . Meaning that the data held on more than three million card holders must now be deleted . Agencies . - Citizens Information Board - The Pensions Authority - Office of the Pensions Ombudsman History . The Department was created by the Ministers and Secretaries ( Amendment ) Act 1946 as the Department of Social Welfare . This took effect in 1947 with James Ryan as the first Minister . External links . - Department of Social Protection
|
[
"Department of Social Protection"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Department of Social Protection ( ) is a department of the Government of Ireland , tasked with administering Irelands social welfare system . It oversees the provision of income support and other social services . It is led by the Minister for Social Protection who is assisted by two Ministers of State .",
"title": "Department of Social Protection"
},
{
"text": " The official headquarters and Ministerial offices of the Department are in Γras Mhic Dhiarmada , Store Street , Dublin . The departmental team consists of the following : - Minister for Social Protection : Heather Humphreys , TD - Minister of State : Joe OBrien , TD - Minister of State : Damien English , TD - Secretary General of the Department : John McKeon",
"title": "Departmental team"
},
{
"text": "The Department formulates appropriate social protection policies and administers and manages the delivery of statutory and non-statutory schemes and services . It is responsible for the delivery of a range of social insurance and social assistance schemes including provision for unemployment , illness , maternity , caring , widowhood , retirement and old age . Payments are made to nearly 950,000 people each week with over 1.5 million people directly benefiting from those payments . The budget allocation for 2021 is β¬25.1 billion . Prior the dissolution of FΓS in 2013 , the Department took over its employment support functions",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " Payments are generally divided into three groups : - Social Insurance ( or contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of PRSI Contributions . - Social Assistance ( or non-contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of satisfying a means test . - Universal payments ( such as Child Benefit or Free Travel ) which are not dependent on PRSI contributions or a means test . The Department provides its services through a network of 126 Intreo Centres and Branch Offices throughout the State and , increasingly , through its Mywelfare.ie portal .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": "Intreo Centres , launched in 2012 , were a rebranding of the Social Welfare Offices around the State , updated to reflect the Department of Social Protections new responsibilities when it brought in some 1,700 staff from FΓS and the HSEs Community Welfare Service .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " In August 2019 , the Data Protection Commissioner ( DPC ) found the Department of Social Protections processing of personal data during the issuing of Public Services Cards ( PSC ) for use in transactions between a person and a public body other than the Department itself to be illegal .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "The Commission also found that the blanket and indefinite retention of documents and information provided by people applying for a Public Services Card violate data protection law . The Data Protection Commission has given the Department three weeks to stop all processing of personal data where a PSC is being issued solely for the purpose of a transaction between a member of the public and a public body . Meaning that the data held on more than three million card holders must now be deleted .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " The Department was created by the Ministers and Secretaries ( Amendment ) Act 1946 as the Department of Social Welfare . This took effect in 1947 with James Ryan as the first Minister .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Department of Social Protection",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Department_of_Social_Protection#P1448#3
|
What was the official name of Department of Social Protection between Sep 2018 and Sep 2018?
|
Department of Social Protection The Department of Social Protection ( ) is a department of the Government of Ireland , tasked with administering Irelands social welfare system . It oversees the provision of income support and other social services . It is led by the Minister for Social Protection who is assisted by two Ministers of State . Departmental team . The official headquarters and Ministerial offices of the Department are in Γras Mhic Dhiarmada , Store Street , Dublin . The departmental team consists of the following : - Minister for Social Protection : Heather Humphreys , TD - Minister of State : Joe OBrien , TD - Minister of State : Damien English , TD - Secretary General of the Department : John McKeon Overview . In carrying out its mandate the Department undertakes a variety of functions including : The Department formulates appropriate social protection policies and administers and manages the delivery of statutory and non-statutory schemes and services . It is responsible for the delivery of a range of social insurance and social assistance schemes including provision for unemployment , illness , maternity , caring , widowhood , retirement and old age . Payments are made to nearly 950,000 people each week with over 1.5 million people directly benefiting from those payments . The budget allocation for 2021 is β¬25.1 billion . Prior the dissolution of FΓS in 2013 , the Department took over its employment support functions . Payments are generally divided into three groups : - Social Insurance ( or contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of PRSI Contributions . - Social Assistance ( or non-contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of satisfying a means test . - Universal payments ( such as Child Benefit or Free Travel ) which are not dependent on PRSI contributions or a means test . The Department provides its services through a network of 126 Intreo Centres and Branch Offices throughout the State and , increasingly , through its Mywelfare.ie portal . Intreo Centres , launched in 2012 , were a rebranding of the Social Welfare Offices around the State , updated to reflect the Department of Social Protections new responsibilities when it brought in some 1,700 staff from FΓS and the HSEs Community Welfare Service . Controversies . In August 2019 , the Data Protection Commissioner ( DPC ) found the Department of Social Protections processing of personal data during the issuing of Public Services Cards ( PSC ) for use in transactions between a person and a public body other than the Department itself to be illegal . The Commission also found that the blanket and indefinite retention of documents and information provided by people applying for a Public Services Card violate data protection law . The Data Protection Commission has given the Department three weeks to stop all processing of personal data where a PSC is being issued solely for the purpose of a transaction between a member of the public and a public body . Meaning that the data held on more than three million card holders must now be deleted . Agencies . - Citizens Information Board - The Pensions Authority - Office of the Pensions Ombudsman History . The Department was created by the Ministers and Secretaries ( Amendment ) Act 1946 as the Department of Social Welfare . This took effect in 1947 with James Ryan as the first Minister . External links . - Department of Social Protection
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " The Department of Social Protection ( ) is a department of the Government of Ireland , tasked with administering Irelands social welfare system . It oversees the provision of income support and other social services . It is led by the Minister for Social Protection who is assisted by two Ministers of State .",
"title": "Department of Social Protection"
},
{
"text": " The official headquarters and Ministerial offices of the Department are in Γras Mhic Dhiarmada , Store Street , Dublin . The departmental team consists of the following : - Minister for Social Protection : Heather Humphreys , TD - Minister of State : Joe OBrien , TD - Minister of State : Damien English , TD - Secretary General of the Department : John McKeon",
"title": "Departmental team"
},
{
"text": "The Department formulates appropriate social protection policies and administers and manages the delivery of statutory and non-statutory schemes and services . It is responsible for the delivery of a range of social insurance and social assistance schemes including provision for unemployment , illness , maternity , caring , widowhood , retirement and old age . Payments are made to nearly 950,000 people each week with over 1.5 million people directly benefiting from those payments . The budget allocation for 2021 is β¬25.1 billion . Prior the dissolution of FΓS in 2013 , the Department took over its employment support functions",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " Payments are generally divided into three groups : - Social Insurance ( or contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of PRSI Contributions . - Social Assistance ( or non-contributory ) payments which are made on the basis of satisfying a means test . - Universal payments ( such as Child Benefit or Free Travel ) which are not dependent on PRSI contributions or a means test . The Department provides its services through a network of 126 Intreo Centres and Branch Offices throughout the State and , increasingly , through its Mywelfare.ie portal .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": "Intreo Centres , launched in 2012 , were a rebranding of the Social Welfare Offices around the State , updated to reflect the Department of Social Protections new responsibilities when it brought in some 1,700 staff from FΓS and the HSEs Community Welfare Service .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " In August 2019 , the Data Protection Commissioner ( DPC ) found the Department of Social Protections processing of personal data during the issuing of Public Services Cards ( PSC ) for use in transactions between a person and a public body other than the Department itself to be illegal .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "The Commission also found that the blanket and indefinite retention of documents and information provided by people applying for a Public Services Card violate data protection law . The Data Protection Commission has given the Department three weeks to stop all processing of personal data where a PSC is being issued solely for the purpose of a transaction between a member of the public and a public body . Meaning that the data held on more than three million card holders must now be deleted .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " The Department was created by the Ministers and Secretaries ( Amendment ) Act 1946 as the Department of Social Welfare . This took effect in 1947 with James Ryan as the first Minister .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Department of Social Protection",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/LSWR_S15_class#P137#0
|
What operated LSWR S15 class between Sep 1920 and Oct 1921?
|
LSWR S15 class The LSWR S15 class was a British 2-cylinder 4-6-0 freight steam locomotive designed by Robert W . Urie , based on his H15 class and N15 class locomotives . The class had a complex build history , spanning several years of construction from 1920 to 1936 . The first examples were constructed for the London and South Western Railway ( LSWR ) , where they hauled freight trains to the south coast ports and further west to Exeter , as well as occasional passenger work in conjunction with their larger-wheeled N15 class counterparts . Following the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 , the LSWR became part of the Southern Railway , and the Chief Mechanical Engineer ( CME ) of the newly formed company , Richard Maunsell , increased the S15 class strength to 45 locomotives . Maunsell incorporated several improvements , notably to the steam circuit and the locomotives loading gauge , allowing it to operate on routes with height and width restrictions . The new locomotives were built in three batches at Eastleigh , and were in service with the Southern Railway for 14 years . The locomotives continued in operation with the Southern Region of British Railways until 1966 . Seven examples have been preserved for use on heritage railways , and are currently in varying states of repair . These locomotives were given the nickname Goods Arthurs due to their similar appearance to the N15 Class locomotives . Background . During the First World War , the LSWR management wished to address the requirement for a modern , standard heavy freight locomotive to work from Londons freight yards to the southwest of England . As the LSWR lacked existing freight designs capable of undertaking this task , a new design was needed to serve the south coast ports of Portsmouth , Weymouth and Southampton . The design was also to power traffic including milk trains , which required fast transit to the dairies in London . Robert Urie used this opportunity to develop his recent H15 class design further , applying the 4-6-0 locomotive concept to a purpose-built freight design built to order number S15 . It was this order number that gave the class the name S15 . Construction history . The S15 class were all built by Eastleigh Works in three discrete batches between February 1920 and December 1936 . First batch β Urie 1920β21 . This was the third design by Robert Urie for the LSWR . The outline was made during the First World War , and incorporated lessons learned from the operation of his H15 class , a design that was to provide the basis for future standardisation on the LSWR . To economise on maintenance , the S15 class had interchangeable components that could be used on a similar design , the N15 class passenger locomotive , which had the same overall appearance . Details such as the boiler , the two-cylinders and valve gear were standardised between the classes , although a taper boiler was used on the S15 and N15 classes , as opposed to the parallel boiler of the H15 class . The only other major difference was the smaller diameter of the driving wheels . Smaller diameter wheels gave better traction , essential for a fast freight locomotive . By May 1921 sixteen were in service , and were mostly allocated to the London area , including the new marshalling yard at Feltham . Despite being mechanically sound , changes were made to Uries original design after the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 . Urie retired as Locomotive Superintendent when the LSWR was amalgamated into the Southern Railway in 1923 . Richard Maunsell was given the newly created post of CME to the Southern Railway , and decided to revise the cylinder arrangement of the locomotive . In doing so , he delayed the construction of further locomotives until the modifications had been made . When the modifications were trialled in service , it became evident amongst locomotive crews that Maunsell had taken a sound design and made it better , achieving a consistent locomotive capable of undertaking all the tasks for which it was intended . With the successful implementation of the modifications , permission was given by the management of the Southern Railway for a second batch of locomotives to be constructed . In November 1941 , during World War II , Nos . 496-499 were loaned to the Great Western Railway to assist with increased freight traffic on that railway . They were returned to the SR between March and July 1943 . Second batch β Maunsell 1927β28 . Maunsells modifications included increasing the boiler pressure from to , and the reduction of the cylinder bore by half an inch . The footplate was also modified for operation on the Southerns new composite loading gauge , and differed from previous batches in having the Ashford-style cab , which was usually fitted to LBSCR locomotives . Unlike the original Drummond cab that was also favoured by Urie , the Ashford-style cab was of an all-steel construction and had a roof that was flush with the cab sides . It was inspired by the standard cab developed in 1904 by R . M . Deeley for the Midland Railway , and was one of a number of Midland features introduced by Maunsells chief draughtsman James Clayton , who transferred to Ashford Works in 1914 from the Midland Railway . Variants of this cab became standard for all new Southern Railway locomotives and converted tank engines . Other modifications included the lengthening of valve travel , and fitting larger outside steam pipes to streamline the flow of steam into the cylinders . Fifteen locomotives of this revised design were built in 1927 , and some were given six-wheeled tenders for use on the Southern Railways Central section . This allowed the locomotive to be turned on the shorter turntables found on this part of the network . From new , the rest of the class was equipped with the Urie eight-wheel bogie tender , which allowed the class to operate on the extended freight routes of the Southern Railways Western section . The standardisation measures undertaken by both Urie and Maunsell were soon vindicated by the fact that tenders and other parts were swapped with those of other classes on the Southern Railway when locomotives were under overhaul . Third batch β Maunsell 1936 . The benefits gained by Maunsells modifications showed in the improved performance of the first batch of Maunsell S15s over their Urie-built predecessors . A third batch was ordered in 1931 , coinciding with a downturn in the volume of freight due to the economic depression . This meant that the last of the S15 class was not completed until 1936 , although weight-saving modifications were undertaken to this batch . A final modification was also applied to the class at this time , when all locomotives were equipped with smoke deflectors to improve visibility from the footplate when travelling at speed . This modification was a feature that became common to most Maunsell-influenced designs . Operational details . After modification by Maunsell , the S15 class was regarded by locomotive crews as an excellent goods engine best known for working heavy night express goods trains between Exeter , Southampton and Nine Elms . The S15s were also very capable passenger engines , being able to deputise in situations where there was a shortage of passenger locomotives during peak holiday periods . Both Urie and Maunsell S15s spent most of their working lives on the Southern Railways Western section , although they were sometimes used on inter-regional freights . In order to increase maintenance efficiency , all Urie S15 locomotives ( which had the lower boiler pressure ) were concentrated at the Southern Railways London freight depot at Feltham . This yard also featured the Maunsell S15s , which were allocated to Exmouth Junction , Hither Green and Salisbury , demonstrating the go anywhere nature of the class . Despite the design being only a year newer , the S15s outlasted their N15 King Arthur class counterparts because of their dual freight/passenger abilities , though they were retired between 1962 and 1966 as part of the British Railways Modernisation Plan . Maunsell S15 number 30837 became the final member of the class in operation , returning to Feltham in January 1966 to work a farewell rail tour . Accidents and incidents . - In the summer of 1946 , locomotive No . 502 was hauling a freight train that overran signals and was derailed by trap points at Wallers Ash , Hampshire . Preservation . Seven S15s have been preserved , two Urie examples and five by Maunsell , which can be seen at several heritage railways around the country . All the surviving members of the class were purchased from Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry , Vale of Glamorgan , South Wales . Currently only 499 and 830 have yet to steam in preservation . Of the five others that have run in preservation 825 , 828 and 841 have all operated on the main line at certain points , though 825 has only run between Grosmont & Whitby . Livery and numbering . LSWR and Southern Railway . Under LSWR ownership the S15s were painted in the late LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with the same black and light green lining applied to most of the LSWRs freight designs . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the tender and cabside respectively . The initials LSWR were located on the tender . The first Southern Railway livery continued that of the LSWR , but with the number displayed on the tender . However , from 1925 , a darker Olive-type green was substituted , and the entire class was so painted . Wheels were green with black tyres , and the cabside numbers were replaced by a cast oval plate with Southern Railway around the edge and the number in the centre . Primrose Yellow Southern and locomotive number transfers were placed on the tender tank . From 1927 the Maunsell locomotives were given black livery with green lining , and remained in that guise with little modification until nationalisation . The only slight livery modification occurred before the Second World War , when Oliver Bulleid introduced the Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering . A further modification was the application of a green shaded Sunshine lettering during the war . This was finally reverted to Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering after the war . Nos.496β515 were built between 1919 and 1921 , Nos.823β837 were delivered from Eastleigh during 1927 and 1928 and a further ten , No.838β847 , were authorised in 1931 . British Railways . After a period in British Railways transitional livery the entire class was painted in British Railways Goods Black livery with no lining , the numbering located on the cabsides and the British Railways crest on the tender sides . Numbering was initially as per Southern Railway with an s prefix , but the locomotives were eventually re-numbered under the British Railways standard numbering system according to batch . They were numbered in the series of 30496β30515 for the Urie batch , 30823β30837 for the second batch , and 30838β30847 for the third . External links . - Urie/Maunsell S15 class 4-6-0 Southern E-Group - Class S15 Railuk database
|
[
"London and South Western Railway"
] |
[
{
"text": " The LSWR S15 class was a British 2-cylinder 4-6-0 freight steam locomotive designed by Robert W . Urie , based on his H15 class and N15 class locomotives . The class had a complex build history , spanning several years of construction from 1920 to 1936 . The first examples were constructed for the London and South Western Railway ( LSWR ) , where they hauled freight trains to the south coast ports and further west to Exeter , as well as occasional passenger work in conjunction with their larger-wheeled N15 class counterparts .",
"title": "LSWR S15 class"
},
{
"text": "Following the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 , the LSWR became part of the Southern Railway , and the Chief Mechanical Engineer ( CME ) of the newly formed company , Richard Maunsell , increased the S15 class strength to 45 locomotives . Maunsell incorporated several improvements , notably to the steam circuit and the locomotives loading gauge , allowing it to operate on routes with height and width restrictions .",
"title": "LSWR S15 class"
},
{
"text": " The new locomotives were built in three batches at Eastleigh , and were in service with the Southern Railway for 14 years . The locomotives continued in operation with the Southern Region of British Railways until 1966 . Seven examples have been preserved for use on heritage railways , and are currently in varying states of repair . These locomotives were given the nickname Goods Arthurs due to their similar appearance to the N15 Class locomotives .",
"title": "LSWR S15 class"
},
{
"text": "During the First World War , the LSWR management wished to address the requirement for a modern , standard heavy freight locomotive to work from Londons freight yards to the southwest of England . As the LSWR lacked existing freight designs capable of undertaking this task , a new design was needed to serve the south coast ports of Portsmouth , Weymouth and Southampton . The design was also to power traffic including milk trains , which required fast transit to the dairies in London . Robert Urie used this opportunity to develop his recent H15 class design further ,",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "applying the 4-6-0 locomotive concept to a purpose-built freight design built to order number S15 . It was this order number that gave the class the name S15 .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " The S15 class were all built by Eastleigh Works in three discrete batches between February 1920 and December 1936 . First batch β Urie 1920β21 .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "This was the third design by Robert Urie for the LSWR . The outline was made during the First World War , and incorporated lessons learned from the operation of his H15 class , a design that was to provide the basis for future standardisation on the LSWR . To economise on maintenance , the S15 class had interchangeable components that could be used on a similar design , the N15 class passenger locomotive , which had the same overall appearance . Details such as the boiler , the two-cylinders and valve gear were standardised between the classes , although",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "a taper boiler was used on the S15 and N15 classes , as opposed to the parallel boiler of the H15 class . The only other major difference was the smaller diameter of the driving wheels . Smaller diameter wheels gave better traction , essential for a fast freight locomotive .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " By May 1921 sixteen were in service , and were mostly allocated to the London area , including the new marshalling yard at Feltham . Despite being mechanically sound , changes were made to Uries original design after the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Urie retired as Locomotive Superintendent when the LSWR was amalgamated into the Southern Railway in 1923 . Richard Maunsell was given the newly created post of CME to the Southern Railway , and decided to revise the cylinder arrangement of the locomotive . In doing so , he delayed the construction of further locomotives until the modifications had been made . When the modifications were trialled in service , it became evident amongst locomotive crews that Maunsell had taken a sound design and made it better , achieving a consistent locomotive capable of undertaking all the tasks for which it",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "was intended . With the successful implementation of the modifications , permission was given by the management of the Southern Railway for a second batch of locomotives to be constructed .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " In November 1941 , during World War II , Nos . 496-499 were loaned to the Great Western Railway to assist with increased freight traffic on that railway . They were returned to the SR between March and July 1943 . Second batch β Maunsell 1927β28 .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Maunsells modifications included increasing the boiler pressure from to , and the reduction of the cylinder bore by half an inch . The footplate was also modified for operation on the Southerns new composite loading gauge , and differed from previous batches in having the Ashford-style cab , which was usually fitted to LBSCR locomotives . Unlike the original Drummond cab that was also favoured by Urie , the Ashford-style cab was of an all-steel construction and had a roof that was flush with the cab sides . It was inspired by the standard cab developed in 1904 by R",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": ". M . Deeley for the Midland Railway , and was one of a number of Midland features introduced by Maunsells chief draughtsman James Clayton , who transferred to Ashford Works in 1914 from the Midland Railway . Variants of this cab became standard for all new Southern Railway locomotives and converted tank engines .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Other modifications included the lengthening of valve travel , and fitting larger outside steam pipes to streamline the flow of steam into the cylinders . Fifteen locomotives of this revised design were built in 1927 , and some were given six-wheeled tenders for use on the Southern Railways Central section . This allowed the locomotive to be turned on the shorter turntables found on this part of the network . From new , the rest of the class was equipped with the Urie eight-wheel bogie tender , which allowed the class to operate on the extended freight routes of the",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Southern Railways Western section . The standardisation measures undertaken by both Urie and Maunsell were soon vindicated by the fact that tenders and other parts were swapped with those of other classes on the Southern Railway when locomotives were under overhaul .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "The benefits gained by Maunsells modifications showed in the improved performance of the first batch of Maunsell S15s over their Urie-built predecessors . A third batch was ordered in 1931 , coinciding with a downturn in the volume of freight due to the economic depression . This meant that the last of the S15 class was not completed until 1936 , although weight-saving modifications were undertaken to this batch . A final modification was also applied to the class at this time , when all locomotives were equipped with smoke deflectors to improve visibility from the footplate when travelling at",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "speed . This modification was a feature that became common to most Maunsell-influenced designs .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "After modification by Maunsell , the S15 class was regarded by locomotive crews as an excellent goods engine best known for working heavy night express goods trains between Exeter , Southampton and Nine Elms . The S15s were also very capable passenger engines , being able to deputise in situations where there was a shortage of passenger locomotives during peak holiday periods . Both Urie and Maunsell S15s spent most of their working lives on the Southern Railways Western section , although they were sometimes used on inter-regional freights . In order to increase maintenance efficiency , all Urie S15",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": "locomotives ( which had the lower boiler pressure ) were concentrated at the Southern Railways London freight depot at Feltham . This yard also featured the Maunsell S15s , which were allocated to Exmouth Junction , Hither Green and Salisbury , demonstrating the go anywhere nature of the class . Despite the design being only a year newer , the S15s outlasted their N15 King Arthur class counterparts because of their dual freight/passenger abilities , though they were retired between 1962 and 1966 as part of the British Railways Modernisation Plan . Maunsell S15 number 30837 became the final member",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": "of the class in operation , returning to Feltham in January 1966 to work a farewell rail tour .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": " - In the summer of 1946 , locomotive No . 502 was hauling a freight train that overran signals and was derailed by trap points at Wallers Ash , Hampshire .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " Seven S15s have been preserved , two Urie examples and five by Maunsell , which can be seen at several heritage railways around the country . All the surviving members of the class were purchased from Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry , Vale of Glamorgan , South Wales . Currently only 499 and 830 have yet to steam in preservation . Of the five others that have run in preservation 825 , 828 and 841 have all operated on the main line at certain points , though 825 has only run between Grosmont & Whitby .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " LSWR and Southern Railway . Under LSWR ownership the S15s were painted in the late LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with the same black and light green lining applied to most of the LSWRs freight designs . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the tender and cabside respectively . The initials LSWR were located on the tender .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": "The first Southern Railway livery continued that of the LSWR , but with the number displayed on the tender . However , from 1925 , a darker Olive-type green was substituted , and the entire class was so painted .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": " Wheels were green with black tyres , and the cabside numbers were replaced by a cast oval plate with Southern Railway around the edge and the number in the centre . Primrose Yellow Southern and locomotive number transfers were placed on the tender tank . From 1927 the Maunsell locomotives were given black livery with green lining , and remained in that guise with little modification until nationalisation .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": "The only slight livery modification occurred before the Second World War , when Oliver Bulleid introduced the Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering . A further modification was the application of a green shaded Sunshine lettering during the war . This was finally reverted to Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering after the war . Nos.496β515 were built between 1919 and 1921 , Nos.823β837 were delivered from Eastleigh during 1927 and 1928 and a further ten , No.838β847 , were authorised in 1931 .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": " After a period in British Railways transitional livery the entire class was painted in British Railways Goods Black livery with no lining , the numbering located on the cabsides and the British Railways crest on the tender sides . Numbering was initially as per Southern Railway with an s prefix , but the locomotives were eventually re-numbered under the British Railways standard numbering system according to batch . They were numbered in the series of 30496β30515 for the Urie batch , 30823β30837 for the second batch , and 30838β30847 for the third .",
"title": "British Railways"
},
{
"text": " - Urie/Maunsell S15 class 4-6-0 Southern E-Group - Class S15 Railuk database",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/LSWR_S15_class#P137#1
|
What operated LSWR S15 class between Feb 1940 and Jun 1941?
|
LSWR S15 class The LSWR S15 class was a British 2-cylinder 4-6-0 freight steam locomotive designed by Robert W . Urie , based on his H15 class and N15 class locomotives . The class had a complex build history , spanning several years of construction from 1920 to 1936 . The first examples were constructed for the London and South Western Railway ( LSWR ) , where they hauled freight trains to the south coast ports and further west to Exeter , as well as occasional passenger work in conjunction with their larger-wheeled N15 class counterparts . Following the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 , the LSWR became part of the Southern Railway , and the Chief Mechanical Engineer ( CME ) of the newly formed company , Richard Maunsell , increased the S15 class strength to 45 locomotives . Maunsell incorporated several improvements , notably to the steam circuit and the locomotives loading gauge , allowing it to operate on routes with height and width restrictions . The new locomotives were built in three batches at Eastleigh , and were in service with the Southern Railway for 14 years . The locomotives continued in operation with the Southern Region of British Railways until 1966 . Seven examples have been preserved for use on heritage railways , and are currently in varying states of repair . These locomotives were given the nickname Goods Arthurs due to their similar appearance to the N15 Class locomotives . Background . During the First World War , the LSWR management wished to address the requirement for a modern , standard heavy freight locomotive to work from Londons freight yards to the southwest of England . As the LSWR lacked existing freight designs capable of undertaking this task , a new design was needed to serve the south coast ports of Portsmouth , Weymouth and Southampton . The design was also to power traffic including milk trains , which required fast transit to the dairies in London . Robert Urie used this opportunity to develop his recent H15 class design further , applying the 4-6-0 locomotive concept to a purpose-built freight design built to order number S15 . It was this order number that gave the class the name S15 . Construction history . The S15 class were all built by Eastleigh Works in three discrete batches between February 1920 and December 1936 . First batch β Urie 1920β21 . This was the third design by Robert Urie for the LSWR . The outline was made during the First World War , and incorporated lessons learned from the operation of his H15 class , a design that was to provide the basis for future standardisation on the LSWR . To economise on maintenance , the S15 class had interchangeable components that could be used on a similar design , the N15 class passenger locomotive , which had the same overall appearance . Details such as the boiler , the two-cylinders and valve gear were standardised between the classes , although a taper boiler was used on the S15 and N15 classes , as opposed to the parallel boiler of the H15 class . The only other major difference was the smaller diameter of the driving wheels . Smaller diameter wheels gave better traction , essential for a fast freight locomotive . By May 1921 sixteen were in service , and were mostly allocated to the London area , including the new marshalling yard at Feltham . Despite being mechanically sound , changes were made to Uries original design after the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 . Urie retired as Locomotive Superintendent when the LSWR was amalgamated into the Southern Railway in 1923 . Richard Maunsell was given the newly created post of CME to the Southern Railway , and decided to revise the cylinder arrangement of the locomotive . In doing so , he delayed the construction of further locomotives until the modifications had been made . When the modifications were trialled in service , it became evident amongst locomotive crews that Maunsell had taken a sound design and made it better , achieving a consistent locomotive capable of undertaking all the tasks for which it was intended . With the successful implementation of the modifications , permission was given by the management of the Southern Railway for a second batch of locomotives to be constructed . In November 1941 , during World War II , Nos . 496-499 were loaned to the Great Western Railway to assist with increased freight traffic on that railway . They were returned to the SR between March and July 1943 . Second batch β Maunsell 1927β28 . Maunsells modifications included increasing the boiler pressure from to , and the reduction of the cylinder bore by half an inch . The footplate was also modified for operation on the Southerns new composite loading gauge , and differed from previous batches in having the Ashford-style cab , which was usually fitted to LBSCR locomotives . Unlike the original Drummond cab that was also favoured by Urie , the Ashford-style cab was of an all-steel construction and had a roof that was flush with the cab sides . It was inspired by the standard cab developed in 1904 by R . M . Deeley for the Midland Railway , and was one of a number of Midland features introduced by Maunsells chief draughtsman James Clayton , who transferred to Ashford Works in 1914 from the Midland Railway . Variants of this cab became standard for all new Southern Railway locomotives and converted tank engines . Other modifications included the lengthening of valve travel , and fitting larger outside steam pipes to streamline the flow of steam into the cylinders . Fifteen locomotives of this revised design were built in 1927 , and some were given six-wheeled tenders for use on the Southern Railways Central section . This allowed the locomotive to be turned on the shorter turntables found on this part of the network . From new , the rest of the class was equipped with the Urie eight-wheel bogie tender , which allowed the class to operate on the extended freight routes of the Southern Railways Western section . The standardisation measures undertaken by both Urie and Maunsell were soon vindicated by the fact that tenders and other parts were swapped with those of other classes on the Southern Railway when locomotives were under overhaul . Third batch β Maunsell 1936 . The benefits gained by Maunsells modifications showed in the improved performance of the first batch of Maunsell S15s over their Urie-built predecessors . A third batch was ordered in 1931 , coinciding with a downturn in the volume of freight due to the economic depression . This meant that the last of the S15 class was not completed until 1936 , although weight-saving modifications were undertaken to this batch . A final modification was also applied to the class at this time , when all locomotives were equipped with smoke deflectors to improve visibility from the footplate when travelling at speed . This modification was a feature that became common to most Maunsell-influenced designs . Operational details . After modification by Maunsell , the S15 class was regarded by locomotive crews as an excellent goods engine best known for working heavy night express goods trains between Exeter , Southampton and Nine Elms . The S15s were also very capable passenger engines , being able to deputise in situations where there was a shortage of passenger locomotives during peak holiday periods . Both Urie and Maunsell S15s spent most of their working lives on the Southern Railways Western section , although they were sometimes used on inter-regional freights . In order to increase maintenance efficiency , all Urie S15 locomotives ( which had the lower boiler pressure ) were concentrated at the Southern Railways London freight depot at Feltham . This yard also featured the Maunsell S15s , which were allocated to Exmouth Junction , Hither Green and Salisbury , demonstrating the go anywhere nature of the class . Despite the design being only a year newer , the S15s outlasted their N15 King Arthur class counterparts because of their dual freight/passenger abilities , though they were retired between 1962 and 1966 as part of the British Railways Modernisation Plan . Maunsell S15 number 30837 became the final member of the class in operation , returning to Feltham in January 1966 to work a farewell rail tour . Accidents and incidents . - In the summer of 1946 , locomotive No . 502 was hauling a freight train that overran signals and was derailed by trap points at Wallers Ash , Hampshire . Preservation . Seven S15s have been preserved , two Urie examples and five by Maunsell , which can be seen at several heritage railways around the country . All the surviving members of the class were purchased from Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry , Vale of Glamorgan , South Wales . Currently only 499 and 830 have yet to steam in preservation . Of the five others that have run in preservation 825 , 828 and 841 have all operated on the main line at certain points , though 825 has only run between Grosmont & Whitby . Livery and numbering . LSWR and Southern Railway . Under LSWR ownership the S15s were painted in the late LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with the same black and light green lining applied to most of the LSWRs freight designs . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the tender and cabside respectively . The initials LSWR were located on the tender . The first Southern Railway livery continued that of the LSWR , but with the number displayed on the tender . However , from 1925 , a darker Olive-type green was substituted , and the entire class was so painted . Wheels were green with black tyres , and the cabside numbers were replaced by a cast oval plate with Southern Railway around the edge and the number in the centre . Primrose Yellow Southern and locomotive number transfers were placed on the tender tank . From 1927 the Maunsell locomotives were given black livery with green lining , and remained in that guise with little modification until nationalisation . The only slight livery modification occurred before the Second World War , when Oliver Bulleid introduced the Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering . A further modification was the application of a green shaded Sunshine lettering during the war . This was finally reverted to Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering after the war . Nos.496β515 were built between 1919 and 1921 , Nos.823β837 were delivered from Eastleigh during 1927 and 1928 and a further ten , No.838β847 , were authorised in 1931 . British Railways . After a period in British Railways transitional livery the entire class was painted in British Railways Goods Black livery with no lining , the numbering located on the cabsides and the British Railways crest on the tender sides . Numbering was initially as per Southern Railway with an s prefix , but the locomotives were eventually re-numbered under the British Railways standard numbering system according to batch . They were numbered in the series of 30496β30515 for the Urie batch , 30823β30837 for the second batch , and 30838β30847 for the third . External links . - Urie/Maunsell S15 class 4-6-0 Southern E-Group - Class S15 Railuk database
|
[
"Southern Railway"
] |
[
{
"text": " The LSWR S15 class was a British 2-cylinder 4-6-0 freight steam locomotive designed by Robert W . Urie , based on his H15 class and N15 class locomotives . The class had a complex build history , spanning several years of construction from 1920 to 1936 . The first examples were constructed for the London and South Western Railway ( LSWR ) , where they hauled freight trains to the south coast ports and further west to Exeter , as well as occasional passenger work in conjunction with their larger-wheeled N15 class counterparts .",
"title": "LSWR S15 class"
},
{
"text": "Following the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 , the LSWR became part of the Southern Railway , and the Chief Mechanical Engineer ( CME ) of the newly formed company , Richard Maunsell , increased the S15 class strength to 45 locomotives . Maunsell incorporated several improvements , notably to the steam circuit and the locomotives loading gauge , allowing it to operate on routes with height and width restrictions .",
"title": "LSWR S15 class"
},
{
"text": " The new locomotives were built in three batches at Eastleigh , and were in service with the Southern Railway for 14 years . The locomotives continued in operation with the Southern Region of British Railways until 1966 . Seven examples have been preserved for use on heritage railways , and are currently in varying states of repair . These locomotives were given the nickname Goods Arthurs due to their similar appearance to the N15 Class locomotives .",
"title": "LSWR S15 class"
},
{
"text": "During the First World War , the LSWR management wished to address the requirement for a modern , standard heavy freight locomotive to work from Londons freight yards to the southwest of England . As the LSWR lacked existing freight designs capable of undertaking this task , a new design was needed to serve the south coast ports of Portsmouth , Weymouth and Southampton . The design was also to power traffic including milk trains , which required fast transit to the dairies in London . Robert Urie used this opportunity to develop his recent H15 class design further ,",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "applying the 4-6-0 locomotive concept to a purpose-built freight design built to order number S15 . It was this order number that gave the class the name S15 .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " The S15 class were all built by Eastleigh Works in three discrete batches between February 1920 and December 1936 . First batch β Urie 1920β21 .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "This was the third design by Robert Urie for the LSWR . The outline was made during the First World War , and incorporated lessons learned from the operation of his H15 class , a design that was to provide the basis for future standardisation on the LSWR . To economise on maintenance , the S15 class had interchangeable components that could be used on a similar design , the N15 class passenger locomotive , which had the same overall appearance . Details such as the boiler , the two-cylinders and valve gear were standardised between the classes , although",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "a taper boiler was used on the S15 and N15 classes , as opposed to the parallel boiler of the H15 class . The only other major difference was the smaller diameter of the driving wheels . Smaller diameter wheels gave better traction , essential for a fast freight locomotive .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " By May 1921 sixteen were in service , and were mostly allocated to the London area , including the new marshalling yard at Feltham . Despite being mechanically sound , changes were made to Uries original design after the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Urie retired as Locomotive Superintendent when the LSWR was amalgamated into the Southern Railway in 1923 . Richard Maunsell was given the newly created post of CME to the Southern Railway , and decided to revise the cylinder arrangement of the locomotive . In doing so , he delayed the construction of further locomotives until the modifications had been made . When the modifications were trialled in service , it became evident amongst locomotive crews that Maunsell had taken a sound design and made it better , achieving a consistent locomotive capable of undertaking all the tasks for which it",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "was intended . With the successful implementation of the modifications , permission was given by the management of the Southern Railway for a second batch of locomotives to be constructed .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " In November 1941 , during World War II , Nos . 496-499 were loaned to the Great Western Railway to assist with increased freight traffic on that railway . They were returned to the SR between March and July 1943 . Second batch β Maunsell 1927β28 .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Maunsells modifications included increasing the boiler pressure from to , and the reduction of the cylinder bore by half an inch . The footplate was also modified for operation on the Southerns new composite loading gauge , and differed from previous batches in having the Ashford-style cab , which was usually fitted to LBSCR locomotives . Unlike the original Drummond cab that was also favoured by Urie , the Ashford-style cab was of an all-steel construction and had a roof that was flush with the cab sides . It was inspired by the standard cab developed in 1904 by R",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": ". M . Deeley for the Midland Railway , and was one of a number of Midland features introduced by Maunsells chief draughtsman James Clayton , who transferred to Ashford Works in 1914 from the Midland Railway . Variants of this cab became standard for all new Southern Railway locomotives and converted tank engines .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Other modifications included the lengthening of valve travel , and fitting larger outside steam pipes to streamline the flow of steam into the cylinders . Fifteen locomotives of this revised design were built in 1927 , and some were given six-wheeled tenders for use on the Southern Railways Central section . This allowed the locomotive to be turned on the shorter turntables found on this part of the network . From new , the rest of the class was equipped with the Urie eight-wheel bogie tender , which allowed the class to operate on the extended freight routes of the",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Southern Railways Western section . The standardisation measures undertaken by both Urie and Maunsell were soon vindicated by the fact that tenders and other parts were swapped with those of other classes on the Southern Railway when locomotives were under overhaul .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "The benefits gained by Maunsells modifications showed in the improved performance of the first batch of Maunsell S15s over their Urie-built predecessors . A third batch was ordered in 1931 , coinciding with a downturn in the volume of freight due to the economic depression . This meant that the last of the S15 class was not completed until 1936 , although weight-saving modifications were undertaken to this batch . A final modification was also applied to the class at this time , when all locomotives were equipped with smoke deflectors to improve visibility from the footplate when travelling at",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "speed . This modification was a feature that became common to most Maunsell-influenced designs .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "After modification by Maunsell , the S15 class was regarded by locomotive crews as an excellent goods engine best known for working heavy night express goods trains between Exeter , Southampton and Nine Elms . The S15s were also very capable passenger engines , being able to deputise in situations where there was a shortage of passenger locomotives during peak holiday periods . Both Urie and Maunsell S15s spent most of their working lives on the Southern Railways Western section , although they were sometimes used on inter-regional freights . In order to increase maintenance efficiency , all Urie S15",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": "locomotives ( which had the lower boiler pressure ) were concentrated at the Southern Railways London freight depot at Feltham . This yard also featured the Maunsell S15s , which were allocated to Exmouth Junction , Hither Green and Salisbury , demonstrating the go anywhere nature of the class . Despite the design being only a year newer , the S15s outlasted their N15 King Arthur class counterparts because of their dual freight/passenger abilities , though they were retired between 1962 and 1966 as part of the British Railways Modernisation Plan . Maunsell S15 number 30837 became the final member",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": "of the class in operation , returning to Feltham in January 1966 to work a farewell rail tour .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": " - In the summer of 1946 , locomotive No . 502 was hauling a freight train that overran signals and was derailed by trap points at Wallers Ash , Hampshire .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " Seven S15s have been preserved , two Urie examples and five by Maunsell , which can be seen at several heritage railways around the country . All the surviving members of the class were purchased from Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry , Vale of Glamorgan , South Wales . Currently only 499 and 830 have yet to steam in preservation . Of the five others that have run in preservation 825 , 828 and 841 have all operated on the main line at certain points , though 825 has only run between Grosmont & Whitby .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " LSWR and Southern Railway . Under LSWR ownership the S15s were painted in the late LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with the same black and light green lining applied to most of the LSWRs freight designs . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the tender and cabside respectively . The initials LSWR were located on the tender .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": "The first Southern Railway livery continued that of the LSWR , but with the number displayed on the tender . However , from 1925 , a darker Olive-type green was substituted , and the entire class was so painted .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": " Wheels were green with black tyres , and the cabside numbers were replaced by a cast oval plate with Southern Railway around the edge and the number in the centre . Primrose Yellow Southern and locomotive number transfers were placed on the tender tank . From 1927 the Maunsell locomotives were given black livery with green lining , and remained in that guise with little modification until nationalisation .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": "The only slight livery modification occurred before the Second World War , when Oliver Bulleid introduced the Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering . A further modification was the application of a green shaded Sunshine lettering during the war . This was finally reverted to Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering after the war . Nos.496β515 were built between 1919 and 1921 , Nos.823β837 were delivered from Eastleigh during 1927 and 1928 and a further ten , No.838β847 , were authorised in 1931 .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": " After a period in British Railways transitional livery the entire class was painted in British Railways Goods Black livery with no lining , the numbering located on the cabsides and the British Railways crest on the tender sides . Numbering was initially as per Southern Railway with an s prefix , but the locomotives were eventually re-numbered under the British Railways standard numbering system according to batch . They were numbered in the series of 30496β30515 for the Urie batch , 30823β30837 for the second batch , and 30838β30847 for the third .",
"title": "British Railways"
},
{
"text": " - Urie/Maunsell S15 class 4-6-0 Southern E-Group - Class S15 Railuk database",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/LSWR_S15_class#P137#2
|
What operated LSWR S15 class after Feb 1955?
|
LSWR S15 class The LSWR S15 class was a British 2-cylinder 4-6-0 freight steam locomotive designed by Robert W . Urie , based on his H15 class and N15 class locomotives . The class had a complex build history , spanning several years of construction from 1920 to 1936 . The first examples were constructed for the London and South Western Railway ( LSWR ) , where they hauled freight trains to the south coast ports and further west to Exeter , as well as occasional passenger work in conjunction with their larger-wheeled N15 class counterparts . Following the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 , the LSWR became part of the Southern Railway , and the Chief Mechanical Engineer ( CME ) of the newly formed company , Richard Maunsell , increased the S15 class strength to 45 locomotives . Maunsell incorporated several improvements , notably to the steam circuit and the locomotives loading gauge , allowing it to operate on routes with height and width restrictions . The new locomotives were built in three batches at Eastleigh , and were in service with the Southern Railway for 14 years . The locomotives continued in operation with the Southern Region of British Railways until 1966 . Seven examples have been preserved for use on heritage railways , and are currently in varying states of repair . These locomotives were given the nickname Goods Arthurs due to their similar appearance to the N15 Class locomotives . Background . During the First World War , the LSWR management wished to address the requirement for a modern , standard heavy freight locomotive to work from Londons freight yards to the southwest of England . As the LSWR lacked existing freight designs capable of undertaking this task , a new design was needed to serve the south coast ports of Portsmouth , Weymouth and Southampton . The design was also to power traffic including milk trains , which required fast transit to the dairies in London . Robert Urie used this opportunity to develop his recent H15 class design further , applying the 4-6-0 locomotive concept to a purpose-built freight design built to order number S15 . It was this order number that gave the class the name S15 . Construction history . The S15 class were all built by Eastleigh Works in three discrete batches between February 1920 and December 1936 . First batch β Urie 1920β21 . This was the third design by Robert Urie for the LSWR . The outline was made during the First World War , and incorporated lessons learned from the operation of his H15 class , a design that was to provide the basis for future standardisation on the LSWR . To economise on maintenance , the S15 class had interchangeable components that could be used on a similar design , the N15 class passenger locomotive , which had the same overall appearance . Details such as the boiler , the two-cylinders and valve gear were standardised between the classes , although a taper boiler was used on the S15 and N15 classes , as opposed to the parallel boiler of the H15 class . The only other major difference was the smaller diameter of the driving wheels . Smaller diameter wheels gave better traction , essential for a fast freight locomotive . By May 1921 sixteen were in service , and were mostly allocated to the London area , including the new marshalling yard at Feltham . Despite being mechanically sound , changes were made to Uries original design after the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 . Urie retired as Locomotive Superintendent when the LSWR was amalgamated into the Southern Railway in 1923 . Richard Maunsell was given the newly created post of CME to the Southern Railway , and decided to revise the cylinder arrangement of the locomotive . In doing so , he delayed the construction of further locomotives until the modifications had been made . When the modifications were trialled in service , it became evident amongst locomotive crews that Maunsell had taken a sound design and made it better , achieving a consistent locomotive capable of undertaking all the tasks for which it was intended . With the successful implementation of the modifications , permission was given by the management of the Southern Railway for a second batch of locomotives to be constructed . In November 1941 , during World War II , Nos . 496-499 were loaned to the Great Western Railway to assist with increased freight traffic on that railway . They were returned to the SR between March and July 1943 . Second batch β Maunsell 1927β28 . Maunsells modifications included increasing the boiler pressure from to , and the reduction of the cylinder bore by half an inch . The footplate was also modified for operation on the Southerns new composite loading gauge , and differed from previous batches in having the Ashford-style cab , which was usually fitted to LBSCR locomotives . Unlike the original Drummond cab that was also favoured by Urie , the Ashford-style cab was of an all-steel construction and had a roof that was flush with the cab sides . It was inspired by the standard cab developed in 1904 by R . M . Deeley for the Midland Railway , and was one of a number of Midland features introduced by Maunsells chief draughtsman James Clayton , who transferred to Ashford Works in 1914 from the Midland Railway . Variants of this cab became standard for all new Southern Railway locomotives and converted tank engines . Other modifications included the lengthening of valve travel , and fitting larger outside steam pipes to streamline the flow of steam into the cylinders . Fifteen locomotives of this revised design were built in 1927 , and some were given six-wheeled tenders for use on the Southern Railways Central section . This allowed the locomotive to be turned on the shorter turntables found on this part of the network . From new , the rest of the class was equipped with the Urie eight-wheel bogie tender , which allowed the class to operate on the extended freight routes of the Southern Railways Western section . The standardisation measures undertaken by both Urie and Maunsell were soon vindicated by the fact that tenders and other parts were swapped with those of other classes on the Southern Railway when locomotives were under overhaul . Third batch β Maunsell 1936 . The benefits gained by Maunsells modifications showed in the improved performance of the first batch of Maunsell S15s over their Urie-built predecessors . A third batch was ordered in 1931 , coinciding with a downturn in the volume of freight due to the economic depression . This meant that the last of the S15 class was not completed until 1936 , although weight-saving modifications were undertaken to this batch . A final modification was also applied to the class at this time , when all locomotives were equipped with smoke deflectors to improve visibility from the footplate when travelling at speed . This modification was a feature that became common to most Maunsell-influenced designs . Operational details . After modification by Maunsell , the S15 class was regarded by locomotive crews as an excellent goods engine best known for working heavy night express goods trains between Exeter , Southampton and Nine Elms . The S15s were also very capable passenger engines , being able to deputise in situations where there was a shortage of passenger locomotives during peak holiday periods . Both Urie and Maunsell S15s spent most of their working lives on the Southern Railways Western section , although they were sometimes used on inter-regional freights . In order to increase maintenance efficiency , all Urie S15 locomotives ( which had the lower boiler pressure ) were concentrated at the Southern Railways London freight depot at Feltham . This yard also featured the Maunsell S15s , which were allocated to Exmouth Junction , Hither Green and Salisbury , demonstrating the go anywhere nature of the class . Despite the design being only a year newer , the S15s outlasted their N15 King Arthur class counterparts because of their dual freight/passenger abilities , though they were retired between 1962 and 1966 as part of the British Railways Modernisation Plan . Maunsell S15 number 30837 became the final member of the class in operation , returning to Feltham in January 1966 to work a farewell rail tour . Accidents and incidents . - In the summer of 1946 , locomotive No . 502 was hauling a freight train that overran signals and was derailed by trap points at Wallers Ash , Hampshire . Preservation . Seven S15s have been preserved , two Urie examples and five by Maunsell , which can be seen at several heritage railways around the country . All the surviving members of the class were purchased from Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry , Vale of Glamorgan , South Wales . Currently only 499 and 830 have yet to steam in preservation . Of the five others that have run in preservation 825 , 828 and 841 have all operated on the main line at certain points , though 825 has only run between Grosmont & Whitby . Livery and numbering . LSWR and Southern Railway . Under LSWR ownership the S15s were painted in the late LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with the same black and light green lining applied to most of the LSWRs freight designs . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the tender and cabside respectively . The initials LSWR were located on the tender . The first Southern Railway livery continued that of the LSWR , but with the number displayed on the tender . However , from 1925 , a darker Olive-type green was substituted , and the entire class was so painted . Wheels were green with black tyres , and the cabside numbers were replaced by a cast oval plate with Southern Railway around the edge and the number in the centre . Primrose Yellow Southern and locomotive number transfers were placed on the tender tank . From 1927 the Maunsell locomotives were given black livery with green lining , and remained in that guise with little modification until nationalisation . The only slight livery modification occurred before the Second World War , when Oliver Bulleid introduced the Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering . A further modification was the application of a green shaded Sunshine lettering during the war . This was finally reverted to Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering after the war . Nos.496β515 were built between 1919 and 1921 , Nos.823β837 were delivered from Eastleigh during 1927 and 1928 and a further ten , No.838β847 , were authorised in 1931 . British Railways . After a period in British Railways transitional livery the entire class was painted in British Railways Goods Black livery with no lining , the numbering located on the cabsides and the British Railways crest on the tender sides . Numbering was initially as per Southern Railway with an s prefix , but the locomotives were eventually re-numbered under the British Railways standard numbering system according to batch . They were numbered in the series of 30496β30515 for the Urie batch , 30823β30837 for the second batch , and 30838β30847 for the third . External links . - Urie/Maunsell S15 class 4-6-0 Southern E-Group - Class S15 Railuk database
|
[
"British Railways"
] |
[
{
"text": " The LSWR S15 class was a British 2-cylinder 4-6-0 freight steam locomotive designed by Robert W . Urie , based on his H15 class and N15 class locomotives . The class had a complex build history , spanning several years of construction from 1920 to 1936 . The first examples were constructed for the London and South Western Railway ( LSWR ) , where they hauled freight trains to the south coast ports and further west to Exeter , as well as occasional passenger work in conjunction with their larger-wheeled N15 class counterparts .",
"title": "LSWR S15 class"
},
{
"text": "Following the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 , the LSWR became part of the Southern Railway , and the Chief Mechanical Engineer ( CME ) of the newly formed company , Richard Maunsell , increased the S15 class strength to 45 locomotives . Maunsell incorporated several improvements , notably to the steam circuit and the locomotives loading gauge , allowing it to operate on routes with height and width restrictions .",
"title": "LSWR S15 class"
},
{
"text": " The new locomotives were built in three batches at Eastleigh , and were in service with the Southern Railway for 14 years . The locomotives continued in operation with the Southern Region of British Railways until 1966 . Seven examples have been preserved for use on heritage railways , and are currently in varying states of repair . These locomotives were given the nickname Goods Arthurs due to their similar appearance to the N15 Class locomotives .",
"title": "LSWR S15 class"
},
{
"text": "During the First World War , the LSWR management wished to address the requirement for a modern , standard heavy freight locomotive to work from Londons freight yards to the southwest of England . As the LSWR lacked existing freight designs capable of undertaking this task , a new design was needed to serve the south coast ports of Portsmouth , Weymouth and Southampton . The design was also to power traffic including milk trains , which required fast transit to the dairies in London . Robert Urie used this opportunity to develop his recent H15 class design further ,",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "applying the 4-6-0 locomotive concept to a purpose-built freight design built to order number S15 . It was this order number that gave the class the name S15 .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " The S15 class were all built by Eastleigh Works in three discrete batches between February 1920 and December 1936 . First batch β Urie 1920β21 .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "This was the third design by Robert Urie for the LSWR . The outline was made during the First World War , and incorporated lessons learned from the operation of his H15 class , a design that was to provide the basis for future standardisation on the LSWR . To economise on maintenance , the S15 class had interchangeable components that could be used on a similar design , the N15 class passenger locomotive , which had the same overall appearance . Details such as the boiler , the two-cylinders and valve gear were standardised between the classes , although",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "a taper boiler was used on the S15 and N15 classes , as opposed to the parallel boiler of the H15 class . The only other major difference was the smaller diameter of the driving wheels . Smaller diameter wheels gave better traction , essential for a fast freight locomotive .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " By May 1921 sixteen were in service , and were mostly allocated to the London area , including the new marshalling yard at Feltham . Despite being mechanically sound , changes were made to Uries original design after the Grouping of railway companies in 1923 .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Urie retired as Locomotive Superintendent when the LSWR was amalgamated into the Southern Railway in 1923 . Richard Maunsell was given the newly created post of CME to the Southern Railway , and decided to revise the cylinder arrangement of the locomotive . In doing so , he delayed the construction of further locomotives until the modifications had been made . When the modifications were trialled in service , it became evident amongst locomotive crews that Maunsell had taken a sound design and made it better , achieving a consistent locomotive capable of undertaking all the tasks for which it",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "was intended . With the successful implementation of the modifications , permission was given by the management of the Southern Railway for a second batch of locomotives to be constructed .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " In November 1941 , during World War II , Nos . 496-499 were loaned to the Great Western Railway to assist with increased freight traffic on that railway . They were returned to the SR between March and July 1943 . Second batch β Maunsell 1927β28 .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Maunsells modifications included increasing the boiler pressure from to , and the reduction of the cylinder bore by half an inch . The footplate was also modified for operation on the Southerns new composite loading gauge , and differed from previous batches in having the Ashford-style cab , which was usually fitted to LBSCR locomotives . Unlike the original Drummond cab that was also favoured by Urie , the Ashford-style cab was of an all-steel construction and had a roof that was flush with the cab sides . It was inspired by the standard cab developed in 1904 by R",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": ". M . Deeley for the Midland Railway , and was one of a number of Midland features introduced by Maunsells chief draughtsman James Clayton , who transferred to Ashford Works in 1914 from the Midland Railway . Variants of this cab became standard for all new Southern Railway locomotives and converted tank engines .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Other modifications included the lengthening of valve travel , and fitting larger outside steam pipes to streamline the flow of steam into the cylinders . Fifteen locomotives of this revised design were built in 1927 , and some were given six-wheeled tenders for use on the Southern Railways Central section . This allowed the locomotive to be turned on the shorter turntables found on this part of the network . From new , the rest of the class was equipped with the Urie eight-wheel bogie tender , which allowed the class to operate on the extended freight routes of the",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Southern Railways Western section . The standardisation measures undertaken by both Urie and Maunsell were soon vindicated by the fact that tenders and other parts were swapped with those of other classes on the Southern Railway when locomotives were under overhaul .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "The benefits gained by Maunsells modifications showed in the improved performance of the first batch of Maunsell S15s over their Urie-built predecessors . A third batch was ordered in 1931 , coinciding with a downturn in the volume of freight due to the economic depression . This meant that the last of the S15 class was not completed until 1936 , although weight-saving modifications were undertaken to this batch . A final modification was also applied to the class at this time , when all locomotives were equipped with smoke deflectors to improve visibility from the footplate when travelling at",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "speed . This modification was a feature that became common to most Maunsell-influenced designs .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "After modification by Maunsell , the S15 class was regarded by locomotive crews as an excellent goods engine best known for working heavy night express goods trains between Exeter , Southampton and Nine Elms . The S15s were also very capable passenger engines , being able to deputise in situations where there was a shortage of passenger locomotives during peak holiday periods . Both Urie and Maunsell S15s spent most of their working lives on the Southern Railways Western section , although they were sometimes used on inter-regional freights . In order to increase maintenance efficiency , all Urie S15",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": "locomotives ( which had the lower boiler pressure ) were concentrated at the Southern Railways London freight depot at Feltham . This yard also featured the Maunsell S15s , which were allocated to Exmouth Junction , Hither Green and Salisbury , demonstrating the go anywhere nature of the class . Despite the design being only a year newer , the S15s outlasted their N15 King Arthur class counterparts because of their dual freight/passenger abilities , though they were retired between 1962 and 1966 as part of the British Railways Modernisation Plan . Maunsell S15 number 30837 became the final member",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": "of the class in operation , returning to Feltham in January 1966 to work a farewell rail tour .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": " - In the summer of 1946 , locomotive No . 502 was hauling a freight train that overran signals and was derailed by trap points at Wallers Ash , Hampshire .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " Seven S15s have been preserved , two Urie examples and five by Maunsell , which can be seen at several heritage railways around the country . All the surviving members of the class were purchased from Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry , Vale of Glamorgan , South Wales . Currently only 499 and 830 have yet to steam in preservation . Of the five others that have run in preservation 825 , 828 and 841 have all operated on the main line at certain points , though 825 has only run between Grosmont & Whitby .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " LSWR and Southern Railway . Under LSWR ownership the S15s were painted in the late LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with the same black and light green lining applied to most of the LSWRs freight designs . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the tender and cabside respectively . The initials LSWR were located on the tender .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": "The first Southern Railway livery continued that of the LSWR , but with the number displayed on the tender . However , from 1925 , a darker Olive-type green was substituted , and the entire class was so painted .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": " Wheels were green with black tyres , and the cabside numbers were replaced by a cast oval plate with Southern Railway around the edge and the number in the centre . Primrose Yellow Southern and locomotive number transfers were placed on the tender tank . From 1927 the Maunsell locomotives were given black livery with green lining , and remained in that guise with little modification until nationalisation .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": "The only slight livery modification occurred before the Second World War , when Oliver Bulleid introduced the Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering . A further modification was the application of a green shaded Sunshine lettering during the war . This was finally reverted to Sunshine Yellow lettering and numbering after the war . Nos.496β515 were built between 1919 and 1921 , Nos.823β837 were delivered from Eastleigh during 1927 and 1928 and a further ten , No.838β847 , were authorised in 1931 .",
"title": "Livery and numbering"
},
{
"text": " After a period in British Railways transitional livery the entire class was painted in British Railways Goods Black livery with no lining , the numbering located on the cabsides and the British Railways crest on the tender sides . Numbering was initially as per Southern Railway with an s prefix , but the locomotives were eventually re-numbered under the British Railways standard numbering system according to batch . They were numbered in the series of 30496β30515 for the Urie batch , 30823β30837 for the second batch , and 30838β30847 for the third .",
"title": "British Railways"
},
{
"text": " - Urie/Maunsell S15 class 4-6-0 Southern E-Group - Class S15 Railuk database",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Peter_Sykora_(footballer)#P54#0
|
Which team did Peter Sykora (footballer) play for before May 1964?
|
Peter Sykora ( footballer ) Peter Sykora ( born 9 October 1946 in Wismar ) is a former East German association football player who spent the majority of his career with F.C . Hansa Rostock . Until 1965 , Sykora played for TSG Wismar , joining the club aged 12 . Here he played ten matches in East Germanys second-tier DDR-Liga . Together with his Wismar teammate Klaus-Peter Stein Sykora celebrated his greatest success , winning the title at the UEFA junior tournament in West Germany in 1965 . The East German team beat Portugal , Austria , the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia to advance to the final where the underdogs beat England 3β2 in front of 18,000 spectators in Essen . Between 1964 and 1965 Sykora played in 8 matches with the East German Under-18 national team , until 1969 in another 15 matches for the Under-23 national team . In 1965 Sykora was delegated to the regional footballing center , SC Empor Rostock . His first DDR-Oberliga match was a 4β0 away win at 1 . FC Lokomotive Leipzig on day 7 of the 1965β66 season as a center back . Soon thereafter the football department of SC Empor was formed into the football club F.C . Hansa Rostock . Altogether , Sykora played in 12 Oberliga matches in his first season . The following season , he played in 15 Oberliga matches and in the FDGB-Pokal final against BSG Motor Zwickau , losing 0β3 . After a manager change for the 1967β68 season , Sykora found himself largely sidelined , playing in only 4 matches in the Oberliga and the rest of the season in the reserve team . In consequence , he transferred to 1 . FC Magdeburg at the end of the season . His first season with his new club ended with Sykoras only senior club title when he won the 1969 FDGB-Pokal final against FC Karl-Marx-Stadt on 1 June 1969 . Sykora also appeared in 16 league matches , increasing that number to 23 in the following season . Despite having become a first team regular , he decided to return to Rostock for the 1970β71 season . Aside from three matches in the DDR-Oberliga , he almost exclusively played in the reserves again , for a total of 18 DDR-Liga matches . After his military service , during which he played for army sports club VorwΓ€rts Perleberg , Sykora finally became a regular at Rostock , but had to spend two seasons in the second-tier DDR-Liga when the club was relegated in 1975 and 1977 , respectively . Towards the end of his career Sykora played another five years for BSG Schiffahrt und Hafen Rostock in the DDR-Liga . Later he managed Schwaaner Eintracht in the Bezirksklasse Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Honors . - UEFA junior tournament : 1 - Winner 1965 - FDGB-Pokal ( Youth ) : 2 - Winner 1962 , 1963 - FDGB-Pokal : 1 - Winner 1969 - Runner-up 1967
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Peter Sykora ( born 9 October 1946 in Wismar ) is a former East German association football player who spent the majority of his career with F.C . Hansa Rostock .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "Until 1965 , Sykora played for TSG Wismar , joining the club aged 12 . Here he played ten matches in East Germanys second-tier DDR-Liga . Together with his Wismar teammate Klaus-Peter Stein Sykora celebrated his greatest success , winning the title at the UEFA junior tournament in West Germany in 1965 . The East German team beat Portugal , Austria , the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia to advance to the final where the underdogs beat England 3β2 in front of 18,000 spectators in Essen . Between 1964 and 1965 Sykora played in 8 matches with the East German Under-18 national",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "team , until 1969 in another 15 matches for the Under-23 national team .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 Sykora was delegated to the regional footballing center , SC Empor Rostock . His first DDR-Oberliga match was a 4β0 away win at 1 . FC Lokomotive Leipzig on day 7 of the 1965β66 season as a center back . Soon thereafter the football department of SC Empor was formed into the football club F.C . Hansa Rostock . Altogether , Sykora played in 12 Oberliga matches in his first season . The following season , he played in 15 Oberliga matches and in the FDGB-Pokal final against BSG Motor Zwickau , losing 0β3 . After a manager",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "change for the 1967β68 season , Sykora found himself largely sidelined , playing in only 4 matches in the Oberliga and the rest of the season in the reserve team . In consequence , he transferred to 1 . FC Magdeburg at the end of the season .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "His first season with his new club ended with Sykoras only senior club title when he won the 1969 FDGB-Pokal final against FC Karl-Marx-Stadt on 1 June 1969 . Sykora also appeared in 16 league matches , increasing that number to 23 in the following season . Despite having become a first team regular , he decided to return to Rostock for the 1970β71 season . Aside from three matches in the DDR-Oberliga , he almost exclusively played in the reserves again , for a total of 18 DDR-Liga matches . After his military service , during which he played",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "for army sports club VorwΓ€rts Perleberg , Sykora finally became a regular at Rostock , but had to spend two seasons in the second-tier DDR-Liga when the club was relegated in 1975 and 1977 , respectively .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": " Towards the end of his career Sykora played another five years for BSG Schiffahrt und Hafen Rostock in the DDR-Liga . Later he managed Schwaaner Eintracht in the Bezirksklasse Mecklenburg-Vorpommern .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA junior tournament : 1 - Winner 1965 - FDGB-Pokal ( Youth ) : 2 - Winner 1962 , 1963 - FDGB-Pokal : 1 - Winner 1969 - Runner-up 1967",
"title": "Honors"
}
] |
/wiki/Peter_Sykora_(footballer)#P54#1
|
Which team did Peter Sykora (footballer) play for between Feb 1966 and Jul 1967?
|
Peter Sykora ( footballer ) Peter Sykora ( born 9 October 1946 in Wismar ) is a former East German association football player who spent the majority of his career with F.C . Hansa Rostock . Until 1965 , Sykora played for TSG Wismar , joining the club aged 12 . Here he played ten matches in East Germanys second-tier DDR-Liga . Together with his Wismar teammate Klaus-Peter Stein Sykora celebrated his greatest success , winning the title at the UEFA junior tournament in West Germany in 1965 . The East German team beat Portugal , Austria , the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia to advance to the final where the underdogs beat England 3β2 in front of 18,000 spectators in Essen . Between 1964 and 1965 Sykora played in 8 matches with the East German Under-18 national team , until 1969 in another 15 matches for the Under-23 national team . In 1965 Sykora was delegated to the regional footballing center , SC Empor Rostock . His first DDR-Oberliga match was a 4β0 away win at 1 . FC Lokomotive Leipzig on day 7 of the 1965β66 season as a center back . Soon thereafter the football department of SC Empor was formed into the football club F.C . Hansa Rostock . Altogether , Sykora played in 12 Oberliga matches in his first season . The following season , he played in 15 Oberliga matches and in the FDGB-Pokal final against BSG Motor Zwickau , losing 0β3 . After a manager change for the 1967β68 season , Sykora found himself largely sidelined , playing in only 4 matches in the Oberliga and the rest of the season in the reserve team . In consequence , he transferred to 1 . FC Magdeburg at the end of the season . His first season with his new club ended with Sykoras only senior club title when he won the 1969 FDGB-Pokal final against FC Karl-Marx-Stadt on 1 June 1969 . Sykora also appeared in 16 league matches , increasing that number to 23 in the following season . Despite having become a first team regular , he decided to return to Rostock for the 1970β71 season . Aside from three matches in the DDR-Oberliga , he almost exclusively played in the reserves again , for a total of 18 DDR-Liga matches . After his military service , during which he played for army sports club VorwΓ€rts Perleberg , Sykora finally became a regular at Rostock , but had to spend two seasons in the second-tier DDR-Liga when the club was relegated in 1975 and 1977 , respectively . Towards the end of his career Sykora played another five years for BSG Schiffahrt und Hafen Rostock in the DDR-Liga . Later he managed Schwaaner Eintracht in the Bezirksklasse Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Honors . - UEFA junior tournament : 1 - Winner 1965 - FDGB-Pokal ( Youth ) : 2 - Winner 1962 , 1963 - FDGB-Pokal : 1 - Winner 1969 - Runner-up 1967
|
[
"Hansa Rostock"
] |
[
{
"text": " Peter Sykora ( born 9 October 1946 in Wismar ) is a former East German association football player who spent the majority of his career with F.C . Hansa Rostock .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "Until 1965 , Sykora played for TSG Wismar , joining the club aged 12 . Here he played ten matches in East Germanys second-tier DDR-Liga . Together with his Wismar teammate Klaus-Peter Stein Sykora celebrated his greatest success , winning the title at the UEFA junior tournament in West Germany in 1965 . The East German team beat Portugal , Austria , the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia to advance to the final where the underdogs beat England 3β2 in front of 18,000 spectators in Essen . Between 1964 and 1965 Sykora played in 8 matches with the East German Under-18 national",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "team , until 1969 in another 15 matches for the Under-23 national team .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 Sykora was delegated to the regional footballing center , SC Empor Rostock . His first DDR-Oberliga match was a 4β0 away win at 1 . FC Lokomotive Leipzig on day 7 of the 1965β66 season as a center back . Soon thereafter the football department of SC Empor was formed into the football club F.C . Hansa Rostock . Altogether , Sykora played in 12 Oberliga matches in his first season . The following season , he played in 15 Oberliga matches and in the FDGB-Pokal final against BSG Motor Zwickau , losing 0β3 . After a manager",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "change for the 1967β68 season , Sykora found himself largely sidelined , playing in only 4 matches in the Oberliga and the rest of the season in the reserve team . In consequence , he transferred to 1 . FC Magdeburg at the end of the season .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "His first season with his new club ended with Sykoras only senior club title when he won the 1969 FDGB-Pokal final against FC Karl-Marx-Stadt on 1 June 1969 . Sykora also appeared in 16 league matches , increasing that number to 23 in the following season . Despite having become a first team regular , he decided to return to Rostock for the 1970β71 season . Aside from three matches in the DDR-Oberliga , he almost exclusively played in the reserves again , for a total of 18 DDR-Liga matches . After his military service , during which he played",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "for army sports club VorwΓ€rts Perleberg , Sykora finally became a regular at Rostock , but had to spend two seasons in the second-tier DDR-Liga when the club was relegated in 1975 and 1977 , respectively .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": " Towards the end of his career Sykora played another five years for BSG Schiffahrt und Hafen Rostock in the DDR-Liga . Later he managed Schwaaner Eintracht in the Bezirksklasse Mecklenburg-Vorpommern .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA junior tournament : 1 - Winner 1965 - FDGB-Pokal ( Youth ) : 2 - Winner 1962 , 1963 - FDGB-Pokal : 1 - Winner 1969 - Runner-up 1967",
"title": "Honors"
}
] |
/wiki/Peter_Sykora_(footballer)#P54#2
|
Which team did Peter Sykora (footballer) play for between Aug 1968 and Jan 1969?
|
Peter Sykora ( footballer ) Peter Sykora ( born 9 October 1946 in Wismar ) is a former East German association football player who spent the majority of his career with F.C . Hansa Rostock . Until 1965 , Sykora played for TSG Wismar , joining the club aged 12 . Here he played ten matches in East Germanys second-tier DDR-Liga . Together with his Wismar teammate Klaus-Peter Stein Sykora celebrated his greatest success , winning the title at the UEFA junior tournament in West Germany in 1965 . The East German team beat Portugal , Austria , the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia to advance to the final where the underdogs beat England 3β2 in front of 18,000 spectators in Essen . Between 1964 and 1965 Sykora played in 8 matches with the East German Under-18 national team , until 1969 in another 15 matches for the Under-23 national team . In 1965 Sykora was delegated to the regional footballing center , SC Empor Rostock . His first DDR-Oberliga match was a 4β0 away win at 1 . FC Lokomotive Leipzig on day 7 of the 1965β66 season as a center back . Soon thereafter the football department of SC Empor was formed into the football club F.C . Hansa Rostock . Altogether , Sykora played in 12 Oberliga matches in his first season . The following season , he played in 15 Oberliga matches and in the FDGB-Pokal final against BSG Motor Zwickau , losing 0β3 . After a manager change for the 1967β68 season , Sykora found himself largely sidelined , playing in only 4 matches in the Oberliga and the rest of the season in the reserve team . In consequence , he transferred to 1 . FC Magdeburg at the end of the season . His first season with his new club ended with Sykoras only senior club title when he won the 1969 FDGB-Pokal final against FC Karl-Marx-Stadt on 1 June 1969 . Sykora also appeared in 16 league matches , increasing that number to 23 in the following season . Despite having become a first team regular , he decided to return to Rostock for the 1970β71 season . Aside from three matches in the DDR-Oberliga , he almost exclusively played in the reserves again , for a total of 18 DDR-Liga matches . After his military service , during which he played for army sports club VorwΓ€rts Perleberg , Sykora finally became a regular at Rostock , but had to spend two seasons in the second-tier DDR-Liga when the club was relegated in 1975 and 1977 , respectively . Towards the end of his career Sykora played another five years for BSG Schiffahrt und Hafen Rostock in the DDR-Liga . Later he managed Schwaaner Eintracht in the Bezirksklasse Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Honors . - UEFA junior tournament : 1 - Winner 1965 - FDGB-Pokal ( Youth ) : 2 - Winner 1962 , 1963 - FDGB-Pokal : 1 - Winner 1969 - Runner-up 1967
|
[
"FC Magdeburg"
] |
[
{
"text": " Peter Sykora ( born 9 October 1946 in Wismar ) is a former East German association football player who spent the majority of his career with F.C . Hansa Rostock .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "Until 1965 , Sykora played for TSG Wismar , joining the club aged 12 . Here he played ten matches in East Germanys second-tier DDR-Liga . Together with his Wismar teammate Klaus-Peter Stein Sykora celebrated his greatest success , winning the title at the UEFA junior tournament in West Germany in 1965 . The East German team beat Portugal , Austria , the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia to advance to the final where the underdogs beat England 3β2 in front of 18,000 spectators in Essen . Between 1964 and 1965 Sykora played in 8 matches with the East German Under-18 national",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "team , until 1969 in another 15 matches for the Under-23 national team .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 Sykora was delegated to the regional footballing center , SC Empor Rostock . His first DDR-Oberliga match was a 4β0 away win at 1 . FC Lokomotive Leipzig on day 7 of the 1965β66 season as a center back . Soon thereafter the football department of SC Empor was formed into the football club F.C . Hansa Rostock . Altogether , Sykora played in 12 Oberliga matches in his first season . The following season , he played in 15 Oberliga matches and in the FDGB-Pokal final against BSG Motor Zwickau , losing 0β3 . After a manager",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "change for the 1967β68 season , Sykora found himself largely sidelined , playing in only 4 matches in the Oberliga and the rest of the season in the reserve team . In consequence , he transferred to 1 . FC Magdeburg at the end of the season .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "His first season with his new club ended with Sykoras only senior club title when he won the 1969 FDGB-Pokal final against FC Karl-Marx-Stadt on 1 June 1969 . Sykora also appeared in 16 league matches , increasing that number to 23 in the following season . Despite having become a first team regular , he decided to return to Rostock for the 1970β71 season . Aside from three matches in the DDR-Oberliga , he almost exclusively played in the reserves again , for a total of 18 DDR-Liga matches . After his military service , during which he played",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "for army sports club VorwΓ€rts Perleberg , Sykora finally became a regular at Rostock , but had to spend two seasons in the second-tier DDR-Liga when the club was relegated in 1975 and 1977 , respectively .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": " Towards the end of his career Sykora played another five years for BSG Schiffahrt und Hafen Rostock in the DDR-Liga . Later he managed Schwaaner Eintracht in the Bezirksklasse Mecklenburg-Vorpommern .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA junior tournament : 1 - Winner 1965 - FDGB-Pokal ( Youth ) : 2 - Winner 1962 , 1963 - FDGB-Pokal : 1 - Winner 1969 - Runner-up 1967",
"title": "Honors"
}
] |
/wiki/Peter_Sykora_(footballer)#P54#3
|
Which team did Peter Sykora (footballer) play for after Jan 1976?
|
Peter Sykora ( footballer ) Peter Sykora ( born 9 October 1946 in Wismar ) is a former East German association football player who spent the majority of his career with F.C . Hansa Rostock . Until 1965 , Sykora played for TSG Wismar , joining the club aged 12 . Here he played ten matches in East Germanys second-tier DDR-Liga . Together with his Wismar teammate Klaus-Peter Stein Sykora celebrated his greatest success , winning the title at the UEFA junior tournament in West Germany in 1965 . The East German team beat Portugal , Austria , the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia to advance to the final where the underdogs beat England 3β2 in front of 18,000 spectators in Essen . Between 1964 and 1965 Sykora played in 8 matches with the East German Under-18 national team , until 1969 in another 15 matches for the Under-23 national team . In 1965 Sykora was delegated to the regional footballing center , SC Empor Rostock . His first DDR-Oberliga match was a 4β0 away win at 1 . FC Lokomotive Leipzig on day 7 of the 1965β66 season as a center back . Soon thereafter the football department of SC Empor was formed into the football club F.C . Hansa Rostock . Altogether , Sykora played in 12 Oberliga matches in his first season . The following season , he played in 15 Oberliga matches and in the FDGB-Pokal final against BSG Motor Zwickau , losing 0β3 . After a manager change for the 1967β68 season , Sykora found himself largely sidelined , playing in only 4 matches in the Oberliga and the rest of the season in the reserve team . In consequence , he transferred to 1 . FC Magdeburg at the end of the season . His first season with his new club ended with Sykoras only senior club title when he won the 1969 FDGB-Pokal final against FC Karl-Marx-Stadt on 1 June 1969 . Sykora also appeared in 16 league matches , increasing that number to 23 in the following season . Despite having become a first team regular , he decided to return to Rostock for the 1970β71 season . Aside from three matches in the DDR-Oberliga , he almost exclusively played in the reserves again , for a total of 18 DDR-Liga matches . After his military service , during which he played for army sports club VorwΓ€rts Perleberg , Sykora finally became a regular at Rostock , but had to spend two seasons in the second-tier DDR-Liga when the club was relegated in 1975 and 1977 , respectively . Towards the end of his career Sykora played another five years for BSG Schiffahrt und Hafen Rostock in the DDR-Liga . Later he managed Schwaaner Eintracht in the Bezirksklasse Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Honors . - UEFA junior tournament : 1 - Winner 1965 - FDGB-Pokal ( Youth ) : 2 - Winner 1962 , 1963 - FDGB-Pokal : 1 - Winner 1969 - Runner-up 1967
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Peter Sykora ( born 9 October 1946 in Wismar ) is a former East German association football player who spent the majority of his career with F.C . Hansa Rostock .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "Until 1965 , Sykora played for TSG Wismar , joining the club aged 12 . Here he played ten matches in East Germanys second-tier DDR-Liga . Together with his Wismar teammate Klaus-Peter Stein Sykora celebrated his greatest success , winning the title at the UEFA junior tournament in West Germany in 1965 . The East German team beat Portugal , Austria , the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia to advance to the final where the underdogs beat England 3β2 in front of 18,000 spectators in Essen . Between 1964 and 1965 Sykora played in 8 matches with the East German Under-18 national",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "team , until 1969 in another 15 matches for the Under-23 national team .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 Sykora was delegated to the regional footballing center , SC Empor Rostock . His first DDR-Oberliga match was a 4β0 away win at 1 . FC Lokomotive Leipzig on day 7 of the 1965β66 season as a center back . Soon thereafter the football department of SC Empor was formed into the football club F.C . Hansa Rostock . Altogether , Sykora played in 12 Oberliga matches in his first season . The following season , he played in 15 Oberliga matches and in the FDGB-Pokal final against BSG Motor Zwickau , losing 0β3 . After a manager",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "change for the 1967β68 season , Sykora found himself largely sidelined , playing in only 4 matches in the Oberliga and the rest of the season in the reserve team . In consequence , he transferred to 1 . FC Magdeburg at the end of the season .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "His first season with his new club ended with Sykoras only senior club title when he won the 1969 FDGB-Pokal final against FC Karl-Marx-Stadt on 1 June 1969 . Sykora also appeared in 16 league matches , increasing that number to 23 in the following season . Despite having become a first team regular , he decided to return to Rostock for the 1970β71 season . Aside from three matches in the DDR-Oberliga , he almost exclusively played in the reserves again , for a total of 18 DDR-Liga matches . After his military service , during which he played",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": "for army sports club VorwΓ€rts Perleberg , Sykora finally became a regular at Rostock , but had to spend two seasons in the second-tier DDR-Liga when the club was relegated in 1975 and 1977 , respectively .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": " Towards the end of his career Sykora played another five years for BSG Schiffahrt und Hafen Rostock in the DDR-Liga . Later he managed Schwaaner Eintracht in the Bezirksklasse Mecklenburg-Vorpommern .",
"title": "Peter Sykora ( footballer )"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA junior tournament : 1 - Winner 1965 - FDGB-Pokal ( Youth ) : 2 - Winner 1962 , 1963 - FDGB-Pokal : 1 - Winner 1969 - Runner-up 1967",
"title": "Honors"
}
] |
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