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/wiki/Derek_McInnes#P54#4
|
Derek McInnes played for which team between Feb 2006 and May 2006?
|
Derek McInnes Derek John McInnes ( born 5 July 1971 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who was most recently the manager of Aberdeen . He featured prominently for Greenock Morton , Rangers , West Bromwich Albion and Dundee United during his playing career . He won two caps for the Scotland national football team while with West Bromwich . McInnes became manager of St Johnstone where he had been on the playing staff , in November 2007 . He guided the club to promotion to the Scottish Premier League in 2009 and retained that status for two seasons . McInnes was appointed manager of Football League Championship club Bristol City in October 2011 . Despite avoiding relegation in 2011–12 , McInnes was sacked by Bristol City in January 2013 with the club bottom of the Championship . He was appointed Aberdeen manager in March 2013 . Playing career . Early career . McInnes began his professional career in 1988 as a teenager at Greenock Morton , where he played in 259 games in all competitions over nine seasons and credited the influence of assistant manager John McMaster , before moving to Rangers , where he spent almost five years as a squad player , taking part in 52 matches for the Ibrox club . During his time in Glasgow , McInnes had a loan spell at English club Stockport County , where he made 13 league appearances . McInnes scored four goals for Rangers , with strikes against FC Alania Vladikavkaz in the Champions League and Hearts in the league . He also scored twice against Ayr United and Dunfermline in Rangers run to the 1996 Scottish League Cup Final , but he did not feature in the final itself . He was also briefly at French side Toulouse during a season in which the club was promoted from the second division , although he only featured in three league matches . West Bromwich Albion . McInnes joined West Bromwich Albion in the summer of 2000 , but a cruciate ligament injury ended his season in October . He returned the following season to captain West Brom to a place in the Premier League . He also won West Broms Goal of the Season award at the end of the promotion campaign , for his 25-yard strike against Sheffield United in the Battle of Bramall Lane . McInnes was the first West Brom player to be sent off in the Premier League . He was dismissed in the second half of the clubs first Premier League match against Manchester United at Old Trafford in August 2002 . He played in the majority of West Broms Premier League games during the 2002–03 season but was unable to prevent them from being relegated . He made 88 league appearances and scored six times for the West Midlands club . Dundee United . McInnes joined Dundee United on 11 July 2003 , and was immediately installed as team captain by manager Ian McCall . In his first full season at Tannadice , McInnes missed only three league and one cup game . He helped the club to a fifth-place finish in the Scottish Premier League and scored twice—his first coming in the Scottish Cup against Dunfermline and his second in a league match against Hearts . After an unsteady start to the 2004–05 season , McInnes began to take control again in the centre of midfield . He then picked up an injury with a third of the season remaining but managed to return to the first team for the Scottish Cup final at the end of the season . In April 2006 , United manager Craig Brewster announced that McInnes was free to leave the club at the end of the season , despite having a year of his contract left to run . He made 83 appearances for Dundee United , with four goals scored . Millwall . On 24 June 2006 , it was announced that McInnes had finally come to an agreement to be released from his contract and he subsequently joined Millwall . The then-Lions boss Nigel Spackman gave McInnes the captains armband with the comment : Every Millwall player on that pitch should be a Derek McInnes . McInnes scored once during his spell with Millwall , his goal coming in a 3–2 defeat to Cheltenham on 26 August 2006 . St Johnstone . McInnes left Millwall on a free transfer during the January 2007 transfer window , returning to Scotland to sign for St Johnstone late on New Years Day . He made his debut for the Perth club on 6 January , against Ayr United in the Scottish Cup at McDiarmid Park . International . International recognition came late to McInnes as he made his Scotland debut on 21 August 2002 , coming on as a substitute for the last ten minutes against Denmark in a friendly . Three months later , against Portugal , he was a substitute once again , coming on midway through the first half . Managerial career . St Johnstone . McInnes was appointed manager of St Johnstone on 27 November 2007 , after the previous management team of Owen Coyle and Sandy Stewart had departed for Burnley . On 2 May 2009 , McInnes secured promotion to the Scottish Premier League for St Johnstone , ending their seven-year stint in the First Division . During the 2009–10 close season , McInnes was linked with the managerial positions at West Bromwich Albion and Watford . He remained at St Johnstone , however , and in October 2009 he signed a new contract with the Perth club . McInnes was granted permission by St Johnstone to be interviewed by Bristol City for their managerial position , alongside former Barnsley manager Mark Robins and another unnamed candidate , in October 2011 . His managerial record with the Perth club was 177 games in charge , where he won 71 games , drew 53 games and lost 53 games . Bristol City . McInnes was appointed manager of Bristol City on 19 October 2011 . The club were adrift at the bottom of the Football League Championship , but McInnes guided City to an eight-game unbeaten run that secured their league status . On 6 November 2012 , following Citys 2–0 loss to Birmingham City , McInnes gave £300 to 17 stranded fans who had their minibus tyres slashed outside St Andrews Stadium . During the 2012–13 season , Bristol City suffered a club record seven consecutive defeats . McInnes was sacked on 12 January 2013 , after a 4–0 home defeat to Leicester City left the club eight points adrift of safety . After being sacked by Bristol City , McInnes said that he was very desperate to succeed and that his time at Bristol City was difficult . Aberdeen . McInnes was appointed Aberdeen manager on 25 March 2013 , with Tony Docherty as his assistant . He officially took charge of the team after the Dundee United match on 6 April , with outgoing manager Craig Brown taking charge of the last two games before the late-season split . After the final game with Brown as manager , McInnes vowed to improve the club by helping the city of Aberdeen to fall in love with its football team again . Aberdeen remained unbeaten in September 2013 , winning twice and drawing once in the league and progressing to the Quarter-Final of the League Cup with a 5–0 demolition of Falkirk . The teams excellent form earned McInnes the Manager of the Month award for September . The club had a positive start to 2014 , taking maximum points from games against Dundee United , Kilmarnock and Hibs . At the end of the month Russell Anderson scored in the 94th minute to level the game at 2–2 and secure a point for the Dons against Motherwell at Fir Park to keep them in second place . McInnes praised his players and believed they showed good determination to get something from the game . He was rewarded for his efforts as he picked up the Manager of the month award for February . Ahead of the League Cup final , McInnes signed an extension to his contract , tying himself to the club until the summer of 2017 . Aberdeen won the 2014 Scottish League Cup Final 4–2 on penalties , after a goalless draw , a success that saw them lift their first trophy in 19 years . McInnes led Aberdeen to European qualification for the first time since 2009 , achieved through a third-place finish in the league campaign . However , McInnes was unsatisfied with the outcome when Motherwell beat Aberdeen 1–0 to take the second place . McInnes criticised the referee for ignoring the challenge when goalkeeper Jamie Langfield was fouled by John Sutton , which later led to the goal scored by Craig Reid . At the end of the season , McInnes was awarded both PFA Scotland Manager of the Year and SFWA Manager of the Year . Early in the 2014–15 season , Aberdeen progressed through two qualifying rounds of the UEFA Europa League , including an aggregate victory against Dutch club FC Groningen . Aberdeen finished second in the 2014–15 Scottish Premiership and again qualified for European competition . During the 2015 close season , despite mounting speculation that he was in talks to take over at Rangers , McInnes signed a new contract with the club keeping him at Pittodrie until 2019 . His Aberdeen team again pushed Celtic almost all the way in the Scottish Premiership title race in 2015–16 , with Celtic eventually beating Aberdeen 3–2 on 8 May 2016 , a match which secured the league title , with only two matches remaining . Aberdeen had begun that season winning all of its first eight league matches as well . McInnes led Aberdeen to a third straight Scottish Premership runners-up spot in season 2016–17 . His Aberdeen side also claimed its first win at Ibrox since September 1991 , with a 2–1 victory on 17 May . McInnes led Aberdeen to both domestic cup finals in the 2016–17 season , losing both to Celtic . The team went on a ten-match winning streak at Pittodrie , which surpassed Alex Fergusons Aberdeen record of nine home wins in-a-row in 1985–86 ( although not a club record ) . He was again shortlisted for PFA Scotland Manager of the Year , but lost out to Celtic manager Brendan Rodgers . In June 2017 , Aberdeen granted permission for Sunderland to speak with McInnes about becoming their manager , but he decided to stay with Aberdeen . McInnes and Docherty subsequently signed a 1-year contract extension , keeping them with the Dons until the summer of 2020 . Rangers made an approach for McInnes in December 2017 ( immediately following two league games in four days between the clubs , both won by the Glasgow side ) but he rejected that offer as well . McInnes was sent off by the referee for gesturing at Celtic fans during a 2018–19 Scottish Cup semi-final in April 2019 . He was apparently reacting to sectarian abuse by Celtic fans , which was investigated by Police Scotland . In July 2019 he signed a new contract with Aberdeen , which is due to run until 2022 . After a poor run of results in early 2021 , Aberdeen chairman Dave Cormack said that the board were fully behind McInnes . This run of form continued , as Aberdeen scored one goal in nine matches , and McInnes left the club by mutual consent on 8 March 2021 . Honours and achievements . Player . - Greenock Morton - Scottish Second Division : 1994–95 - Rangers - Scottish Premier Division : 1996-97 - Scottish Cup : 1998–99 West Bromwich Albion - Football League First Division runner-up ( promotion ) : 2001–02 - St Johnstone - Scottish Challenge Cup : 2007–08 Manager . - St Johnstone - Scottish First Division : 2008–09 - Aberdeen - Scottish League Cup : 2013–14 External links . - St Johnstone FC profile
|
[
"Millwall"
] |
[
{
"text": " Derek John McInnes ( born 5 July 1971 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who was most recently the manager of Aberdeen . He featured prominently for Greenock Morton , Rangers , West Bromwich Albion and Dundee United during his playing career . He won two caps for the Scotland national football team while with West Bromwich .",
"title": "Derek McInnes"
},
{
"text": "McInnes became manager of St Johnstone where he had been on the playing staff , in November 2007 . He guided the club to promotion to the Scottish Premier League in 2009 and retained that status for two seasons . McInnes was appointed manager of Football League Championship club Bristol City in October 2011 . Despite avoiding relegation in 2011–12 , McInnes was sacked by Bristol City in January 2013 with the club bottom of the Championship . He was appointed Aberdeen manager in March 2013 .",
"title": "Derek McInnes"
},
{
"text": "McInnes began his professional career in 1988 as a teenager at Greenock Morton , where he played in 259 games in all competitions over nine seasons and credited the influence of assistant manager John McMaster , before moving to Rangers , where he spent almost five years as a squad player , taking part in 52 matches for the Ibrox club . During his time in Glasgow , McInnes had a loan spell at English club Stockport County , where he made 13 league appearances . McInnes scored four goals for Rangers , with strikes against FC Alania Vladikavkaz in",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "the Champions League and Hearts in the league . He also scored twice against Ayr United and Dunfermline in Rangers run to the 1996 Scottish League Cup Final , but he did not feature in the final itself . He was also briefly at French side Toulouse during a season in which the club was promoted from the second division , although he only featured in three league matches .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " McInnes joined West Bromwich Albion in the summer of 2000 , but a cruciate ligament injury ended his season in October . He returned the following season to captain West Brom to a place in the Premier League . He also won West Broms Goal of the Season award at the end of the promotion campaign , for his 25-yard strike against Sheffield United in the Battle of Bramall Lane .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "McInnes was the first West Brom player to be sent off in the Premier League . He was dismissed in the second half of the clubs first Premier League match against Manchester United at Old Trafford in August 2002 . He played in the majority of West Broms Premier League games during the 2002–03 season but was unable to prevent them from being relegated . He made 88 league appearances and scored six times for the West Midlands club .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "McInnes joined Dundee United on 11 July 2003 , and was immediately installed as team captain by manager Ian McCall . In his first full season at Tannadice , McInnes missed only three league and one cup game . He helped the club to a fifth-place finish in the Scottish Premier League and scored twice—his first coming in the Scottish Cup against Dunfermline and his second in a league match against Hearts . After an unsteady start to the 2004–05 season , McInnes began to take control again in the centre of midfield . He then picked up an injury",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": "with a third of the season remaining but managed to return to the first team for the Scottish Cup final at the end of the season .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " In April 2006 , United manager Craig Brewster announced that McInnes was free to leave the club at the end of the season , despite having a year of his contract left to run . He made 83 appearances for Dundee United , with four goals scored .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " On 24 June 2006 , it was announced that McInnes had finally come to an agreement to be released from his contract and he subsequently joined Millwall . The then-Lions boss Nigel Spackman gave McInnes the captains armband with the comment : Every Millwall player on that pitch should be a Derek McInnes . McInnes scored once during his spell with Millwall , his goal coming in a 3–2 defeat to Cheltenham on 26 August 2006 .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " McInnes left Millwall on a free transfer during the January 2007 transfer window , returning to Scotland to sign for St Johnstone late on New Years Day . He made his debut for the Perth club on 6 January , against Ayr United in the Scottish Cup at McDiarmid Park .",
"title": "St Johnstone"
},
{
"text": " International recognition came late to McInnes as he made his Scotland debut on 21 August 2002 , coming on as a substitute for the last ten minutes against Denmark in a friendly . Three months later , against Portugal , he was a substitute once again , coming on midway through the first half .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " McInnes was appointed manager of St Johnstone on 27 November 2007 , after the previous management team of Owen Coyle and Sandy Stewart had departed for Burnley . On 2 May 2009 , McInnes secured promotion to the Scottish Premier League for St Johnstone , ending their seven-year stint in the First Division . During the 2009–10 close season , McInnes was linked with the managerial positions at West Bromwich Albion and Watford . He remained at St Johnstone , however , and in October 2009 he signed a new contract with the Perth club .",
"title": "St Johnstone"
},
{
"text": "McInnes was granted permission by St Johnstone to be interviewed by Bristol City for their managerial position , alongside former Barnsley manager Mark Robins and another unnamed candidate , in October 2011 . His managerial record with the Perth club was 177 games in charge , where he won 71 games , drew 53 games and lost 53 games .",
"title": "St Johnstone"
},
{
"text": " McInnes was appointed manager of Bristol City on 19 October 2011 . The club were adrift at the bottom of the Football League Championship , but McInnes guided City to an eight-game unbeaten run that secured their league status . On 6 November 2012 , following Citys 2–0 loss to Birmingham City , McInnes gave £300 to 17 stranded fans who had their minibus tyres slashed outside St Andrews Stadium .",
"title": "Bristol City"
},
{
"text": "During the 2012–13 season , Bristol City suffered a club record seven consecutive defeats . McInnes was sacked on 12 January 2013 , after a 4–0 home defeat to Leicester City left the club eight points adrift of safety . After being sacked by Bristol City , McInnes said that he was very desperate to succeed and that his time at Bristol City was difficult .",
"title": "Bristol City"
},
{
"text": " McInnes was appointed Aberdeen manager on 25 March 2013 , with Tony Docherty as his assistant . He officially took charge of the team after the Dundee United match on 6 April , with outgoing manager Craig Brown taking charge of the last two games before the late-season split . After the final game with Brown as manager , McInnes vowed to improve the club by helping the city of Aberdeen to fall in love with its football team again .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "Aberdeen remained unbeaten in September 2013 , winning twice and drawing once in the league and progressing to the Quarter-Final of the League Cup with a 5–0 demolition of Falkirk . The teams excellent form earned McInnes the Manager of the Month award for September .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "The club had a positive start to 2014 , taking maximum points from games against Dundee United , Kilmarnock and Hibs . At the end of the month Russell Anderson scored in the 94th minute to level the game at 2–2 and secure a point for the Dons against Motherwell at Fir Park to keep them in second place . McInnes praised his players and believed they showed good determination to get something from the game . He was rewarded for his efforts as he picked up the Manager of the month award for February . Ahead of the League",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "Cup final , McInnes signed an extension to his contract , tying himself to the club until the summer of 2017 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "Aberdeen won the 2014 Scottish League Cup Final 4–2 on penalties , after a goalless draw , a success that saw them lift their first trophy in 19 years . McInnes led Aberdeen to European qualification for the first time since 2009 , achieved through a third-place finish in the league campaign . However , McInnes was unsatisfied with the outcome when Motherwell beat Aberdeen 1–0 to take the second place . McInnes criticised the referee for ignoring the challenge when goalkeeper Jamie Langfield was fouled by John Sutton , which later led to the goal scored by Craig Reid",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": ". At the end of the season , McInnes was awarded both PFA Scotland Manager of the Year and SFWA Manager of the Year .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " Early in the 2014–15 season , Aberdeen progressed through two qualifying rounds of the UEFA Europa League , including an aggregate victory against Dutch club FC Groningen . Aberdeen finished second in the 2014–15 Scottish Premiership and again qualified for European competition . During the 2015 close season , despite mounting speculation that he was in talks to take over at Rangers , McInnes signed a new contract with the club keeping him at Pittodrie until 2019 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "His Aberdeen team again pushed Celtic almost all the way in the Scottish Premiership title race in 2015–16 , with Celtic eventually beating Aberdeen 3–2 on 8 May 2016 , a match which secured the league title , with only two matches remaining . Aberdeen had begun that season winning all of its first eight league matches as well .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "McInnes led Aberdeen to a third straight Scottish Premership runners-up spot in season 2016–17 . His Aberdeen side also claimed its first win at Ibrox since September 1991 , with a 2–1 victory on 17 May . McInnes led Aberdeen to both domestic cup finals in the 2016–17 season , losing both to Celtic . The team went on a ten-match winning streak at Pittodrie , which surpassed Alex Fergusons Aberdeen record of nine home wins in-a-row in 1985–86 ( although not a club record ) . He was again shortlisted for PFA Scotland Manager of the Year , but",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "lost out to Celtic manager Brendan Rodgers .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " In June 2017 , Aberdeen granted permission for Sunderland to speak with McInnes about becoming their manager , but he decided to stay with Aberdeen . McInnes and Docherty subsequently signed a 1-year contract extension , keeping them with the Dons until the summer of 2020 . Rangers made an approach for McInnes in December 2017 ( immediately following two league games in four days between the clubs , both won by the Glasgow side ) but he rejected that offer as well .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "McInnes was sent off by the referee for gesturing at Celtic fans during a 2018–19 Scottish Cup semi-final in April 2019 . He was apparently reacting to sectarian abuse by Celtic fans , which was investigated by Police Scotland .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " In July 2019 he signed a new contract with Aberdeen , which is due to run until 2022 . After a poor run of results in early 2021 , Aberdeen chairman Dave Cormack said that the board were fully behind McInnes . This run of form continued , as Aberdeen scored one goal in nine matches , and McInnes left the club by mutual consent on 8 March 2021 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " - Greenock Morton - Scottish Second Division : 1994–95 - Rangers - Scottish Premier Division : 1996-97 - Scottish Cup : 1998–99",
"title": "Player"
},
{
"text": " - Football League First Division runner-up ( promotion ) : 2001–02 - St Johnstone - Scottish Challenge Cup : 2007–08",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": " - St Johnstone - Scottish First Division : 2008–09 - Aberdeen - Scottish League Cup : 2013–14",
"title": "Manager"
},
{
"text": " - St Johnstone FC profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Derek_McInnes#P54#5
|
Derek McInnes played for which team after Nov 2007?
|
Derek McInnes Derek John McInnes ( born 5 July 1971 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who was most recently the manager of Aberdeen . He featured prominently for Greenock Morton , Rangers , West Bromwich Albion and Dundee United during his playing career . He won two caps for the Scotland national football team while with West Bromwich . McInnes became manager of St Johnstone where he had been on the playing staff , in November 2007 . He guided the club to promotion to the Scottish Premier League in 2009 and retained that status for two seasons . McInnes was appointed manager of Football League Championship club Bristol City in October 2011 . Despite avoiding relegation in 2011–12 , McInnes was sacked by Bristol City in January 2013 with the club bottom of the Championship . He was appointed Aberdeen manager in March 2013 . Playing career . Early career . McInnes began his professional career in 1988 as a teenager at Greenock Morton , where he played in 259 games in all competitions over nine seasons and credited the influence of assistant manager John McMaster , before moving to Rangers , where he spent almost five years as a squad player , taking part in 52 matches for the Ibrox club . During his time in Glasgow , McInnes had a loan spell at English club Stockport County , where he made 13 league appearances . McInnes scored four goals for Rangers , with strikes against FC Alania Vladikavkaz in the Champions League and Hearts in the league . He also scored twice against Ayr United and Dunfermline in Rangers run to the 1996 Scottish League Cup Final , but he did not feature in the final itself . He was also briefly at French side Toulouse during a season in which the club was promoted from the second division , although he only featured in three league matches . West Bromwich Albion . McInnes joined West Bromwich Albion in the summer of 2000 , but a cruciate ligament injury ended his season in October . He returned the following season to captain West Brom to a place in the Premier League . He also won West Broms Goal of the Season award at the end of the promotion campaign , for his 25-yard strike against Sheffield United in the Battle of Bramall Lane . McInnes was the first West Brom player to be sent off in the Premier League . He was dismissed in the second half of the clubs first Premier League match against Manchester United at Old Trafford in August 2002 . He played in the majority of West Broms Premier League games during the 2002–03 season but was unable to prevent them from being relegated . He made 88 league appearances and scored six times for the West Midlands club . Dundee United . McInnes joined Dundee United on 11 July 2003 , and was immediately installed as team captain by manager Ian McCall . In his first full season at Tannadice , McInnes missed only three league and one cup game . He helped the club to a fifth-place finish in the Scottish Premier League and scored twice—his first coming in the Scottish Cup against Dunfermline and his second in a league match against Hearts . After an unsteady start to the 2004–05 season , McInnes began to take control again in the centre of midfield . He then picked up an injury with a third of the season remaining but managed to return to the first team for the Scottish Cup final at the end of the season . In April 2006 , United manager Craig Brewster announced that McInnes was free to leave the club at the end of the season , despite having a year of his contract left to run . He made 83 appearances for Dundee United , with four goals scored . Millwall . On 24 June 2006 , it was announced that McInnes had finally come to an agreement to be released from his contract and he subsequently joined Millwall . The then-Lions boss Nigel Spackman gave McInnes the captains armband with the comment : Every Millwall player on that pitch should be a Derek McInnes . McInnes scored once during his spell with Millwall , his goal coming in a 3–2 defeat to Cheltenham on 26 August 2006 . St Johnstone . McInnes left Millwall on a free transfer during the January 2007 transfer window , returning to Scotland to sign for St Johnstone late on New Years Day . He made his debut for the Perth club on 6 January , against Ayr United in the Scottish Cup at McDiarmid Park . International . International recognition came late to McInnes as he made his Scotland debut on 21 August 2002 , coming on as a substitute for the last ten minutes against Denmark in a friendly . Three months later , against Portugal , he was a substitute once again , coming on midway through the first half . Managerial career . St Johnstone . McInnes was appointed manager of St Johnstone on 27 November 2007 , after the previous management team of Owen Coyle and Sandy Stewart had departed for Burnley . On 2 May 2009 , McInnes secured promotion to the Scottish Premier League for St Johnstone , ending their seven-year stint in the First Division . During the 2009–10 close season , McInnes was linked with the managerial positions at West Bromwich Albion and Watford . He remained at St Johnstone , however , and in October 2009 he signed a new contract with the Perth club . McInnes was granted permission by St Johnstone to be interviewed by Bristol City for their managerial position , alongside former Barnsley manager Mark Robins and another unnamed candidate , in October 2011 . His managerial record with the Perth club was 177 games in charge , where he won 71 games , drew 53 games and lost 53 games . Bristol City . McInnes was appointed manager of Bristol City on 19 October 2011 . The club were adrift at the bottom of the Football League Championship , but McInnes guided City to an eight-game unbeaten run that secured their league status . On 6 November 2012 , following Citys 2–0 loss to Birmingham City , McInnes gave £300 to 17 stranded fans who had their minibus tyres slashed outside St Andrews Stadium . During the 2012–13 season , Bristol City suffered a club record seven consecutive defeats . McInnes was sacked on 12 January 2013 , after a 4–0 home defeat to Leicester City left the club eight points adrift of safety . After being sacked by Bristol City , McInnes said that he was very desperate to succeed and that his time at Bristol City was difficult . Aberdeen . McInnes was appointed Aberdeen manager on 25 March 2013 , with Tony Docherty as his assistant . He officially took charge of the team after the Dundee United match on 6 April , with outgoing manager Craig Brown taking charge of the last two games before the late-season split . After the final game with Brown as manager , McInnes vowed to improve the club by helping the city of Aberdeen to fall in love with its football team again . Aberdeen remained unbeaten in September 2013 , winning twice and drawing once in the league and progressing to the Quarter-Final of the League Cup with a 5–0 demolition of Falkirk . The teams excellent form earned McInnes the Manager of the Month award for September . The club had a positive start to 2014 , taking maximum points from games against Dundee United , Kilmarnock and Hibs . At the end of the month Russell Anderson scored in the 94th minute to level the game at 2–2 and secure a point for the Dons against Motherwell at Fir Park to keep them in second place . McInnes praised his players and believed they showed good determination to get something from the game . He was rewarded for his efforts as he picked up the Manager of the month award for February . Ahead of the League Cup final , McInnes signed an extension to his contract , tying himself to the club until the summer of 2017 . Aberdeen won the 2014 Scottish League Cup Final 4–2 on penalties , after a goalless draw , a success that saw them lift their first trophy in 19 years . McInnes led Aberdeen to European qualification for the first time since 2009 , achieved through a third-place finish in the league campaign . However , McInnes was unsatisfied with the outcome when Motherwell beat Aberdeen 1–0 to take the second place . McInnes criticised the referee for ignoring the challenge when goalkeeper Jamie Langfield was fouled by John Sutton , which later led to the goal scored by Craig Reid . At the end of the season , McInnes was awarded both PFA Scotland Manager of the Year and SFWA Manager of the Year . Early in the 2014–15 season , Aberdeen progressed through two qualifying rounds of the UEFA Europa League , including an aggregate victory against Dutch club FC Groningen . Aberdeen finished second in the 2014–15 Scottish Premiership and again qualified for European competition . During the 2015 close season , despite mounting speculation that he was in talks to take over at Rangers , McInnes signed a new contract with the club keeping him at Pittodrie until 2019 . His Aberdeen team again pushed Celtic almost all the way in the Scottish Premiership title race in 2015–16 , with Celtic eventually beating Aberdeen 3–2 on 8 May 2016 , a match which secured the league title , with only two matches remaining . Aberdeen had begun that season winning all of its first eight league matches as well . McInnes led Aberdeen to a third straight Scottish Premership runners-up spot in season 2016–17 . His Aberdeen side also claimed its first win at Ibrox since September 1991 , with a 2–1 victory on 17 May . McInnes led Aberdeen to both domestic cup finals in the 2016–17 season , losing both to Celtic . The team went on a ten-match winning streak at Pittodrie , which surpassed Alex Fergusons Aberdeen record of nine home wins in-a-row in 1985–86 ( although not a club record ) . He was again shortlisted for PFA Scotland Manager of the Year , but lost out to Celtic manager Brendan Rodgers . In June 2017 , Aberdeen granted permission for Sunderland to speak with McInnes about becoming their manager , but he decided to stay with Aberdeen . McInnes and Docherty subsequently signed a 1-year contract extension , keeping them with the Dons until the summer of 2020 . Rangers made an approach for McInnes in December 2017 ( immediately following two league games in four days between the clubs , both won by the Glasgow side ) but he rejected that offer as well . McInnes was sent off by the referee for gesturing at Celtic fans during a 2018–19 Scottish Cup semi-final in April 2019 . He was apparently reacting to sectarian abuse by Celtic fans , which was investigated by Police Scotland . In July 2019 he signed a new contract with Aberdeen , which is due to run until 2022 . After a poor run of results in early 2021 , Aberdeen chairman Dave Cormack said that the board were fully behind McInnes . This run of form continued , as Aberdeen scored one goal in nine matches , and McInnes left the club by mutual consent on 8 March 2021 . Honours and achievements . Player . - Greenock Morton - Scottish Second Division : 1994–95 - Rangers - Scottish Premier Division : 1996-97 - Scottish Cup : 1998–99 West Bromwich Albion - Football League First Division runner-up ( promotion ) : 2001–02 - St Johnstone - Scottish Challenge Cup : 2007–08 Manager . - St Johnstone - Scottish First Division : 2008–09 - Aberdeen - Scottish League Cup : 2013–14 External links . - St Johnstone FC profile
|
[
"St Johnstone"
] |
[
{
"text": " Derek John McInnes ( born 5 July 1971 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who was most recently the manager of Aberdeen . He featured prominently for Greenock Morton , Rangers , West Bromwich Albion and Dundee United during his playing career . He won two caps for the Scotland national football team while with West Bromwich .",
"title": "Derek McInnes"
},
{
"text": "McInnes became manager of St Johnstone where he had been on the playing staff , in November 2007 . He guided the club to promotion to the Scottish Premier League in 2009 and retained that status for two seasons . McInnes was appointed manager of Football League Championship club Bristol City in October 2011 . Despite avoiding relegation in 2011–12 , McInnes was sacked by Bristol City in January 2013 with the club bottom of the Championship . He was appointed Aberdeen manager in March 2013 .",
"title": "Derek McInnes"
},
{
"text": "McInnes began his professional career in 1988 as a teenager at Greenock Morton , where he played in 259 games in all competitions over nine seasons and credited the influence of assistant manager John McMaster , before moving to Rangers , where he spent almost five years as a squad player , taking part in 52 matches for the Ibrox club . During his time in Glasgow , McInnes had a loan spell at English club Stockport County , where he made 13 league appearances . McInnes scored four goals for Rangers , with strikes against FC Alania Vladikavkaz in",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "the Champions League and Hearts in the league . He also scored twice against Ayr United and Dunfermline in Rangers run to the 1996 Scottish League Cup Final , but he did not feature in the final itself . He was also briefly at French side Toulouse during a season in which the club was promoted from the second division , although he only featured in three league matches .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " McInnes joined West Bromwich Albion in the summer of 2000 , but a cruciate ligament injury ended his season in October . He returned the following season to captain West Brom to a place in the Premier League . He also won West Broms Goal of the Season award at the end of the promotion campaign , for his 25-yard strike against Sheffield United in the Battle of Bramall Lane .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "McInnes was the first West Brom player to be sent off in the Premier League . He was dismissed in the second half of the clubs first Premier League match against Manchester United at Old Trafford in August 2002 . He played in the majority of West Broms Premier League games during the 2002–03 season but was unable to prevent them from being relegated . He made 88 league appearances and scored six times for the West Midlands club .",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": "McInnes joined Dundee United on 11 July 2003 , and was immediately installed as team captain by manager Ian McCall . In his first full season at Tannadice , McInnes missed only three league and one cup game . He helped the club to a fifth-place finish in the Scottish Premier League and scored twice—his first coming in the Scottish Cup against Dunfermline and his second in a league match against Hearts . After an unsteady start to the 2004–05 season , McInnes began to take control again in the centre of midfield . He then picked up an injury",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": "with a third of the season remaining but managed to return to the first team for the Scottish Cup final at the end of the season .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " In April 2006 , United manager Craig Brewster announced that McInnes was free to leave the club at the end of the season , despite having a year of his contract left to run . He made 83 appearances for Dundee United , with four goals scored .",
"title": "Dundee United"
},
{
"text": " On 24 June 2006 , it was announced that McInnes had finally come to an agreement to be released from his contract and he subsequently joined Millwall . The then-Lions boss Nigel Spackman gave McInnes the captains armband with the comment : Every Millwall player on that pitch should be a Derek McInnes . McInnes scored once during his spell with Millwall , his goal coming in a 3–2 defeat to Cheltenham on 26 August 2006 .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " McInnes left Millwall on a free transfer during the January 2007 transfer window , returning to Scotland to sign for St Johnstone late on New Years Day . He made his debut for the Perth club on 6 January , against Ayr United in the Scottish Cup at McDiarmid Park .",
"title": "St Johnstone"
},
{
"text": " International recognition came late to McInnes as he made his Scotland debut on 21 August 2002 , coming on as a substitute for the last ten minutes against Denmark in a friendly . Three months later , against Portugal , he was a substitute once again , coming on midway through the first half .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " McInnes was appointed manager of St Johnstone on 27 November 2007 , after the previous management team of Owen Coyle and Sandy Stewart had departed for Burnley . On 2 May 2009 , McInnes secured promotion to the Scottish Premier League for St Johnstone , ending their seven-year stint in the First Division . During the 2009–10 close season , McInnes was linked with the managerial positions at West Bromwich Albion and Watford . He remained at St Johnstone , however , and in October 2009 he signed a new contract with the Perth club .",
"title": "St Johnstone"
},
{
"text": "McInnes was granted permission by St Johnstone to be interviewed by Bristol City for their managerial position , alongside former Barnsley manager Mark Robins and another unnamed candidate , in October 2011 . His managerial record with the Perth club was 177 games in charge , where he won 71 games , drew 53 games and lost 53 games .",
"title": "St Johnstone"
},
{
"text": " McInnes was appointed manager of Bristol City on 19 October 2011 . The club were adrift at the bottom of the Football League Championship , but McInnes guided City to an eight-game unbeaten run that secured their league status . On 6 November 2012 , following Citys 2–0 loss to Birmingham City , McInnes gave £300 to 17 stranded fans who had their minibus tyres slashed outside St Andrews Stadium .",
"title": "Bristol City"
},
{
"text": "During the 2012–13 season , Bristol City suffered a club record seven consecutive defeats . McInnes was sacked on 12 January 2013 , after a 4–0 home defeat to Leicester City left the club eight points adrift of safety . After being sacked by Bristol City , McInnes said that he was very desperate to succeed and that his time at Bristol City was difficult .",
"title": "Bristol City"
},
{
"text": " McInnes was appointed Aberdeen manager on 25 March 2013 , with Tony Docherty as his assistant . He officially took charge of the team after the Dundee United match on 6 April , with outgoing manager Craig Brown taking charge of the last two games before the late-season split . After the final game with Brown as manager , McInnes vowed to improve the club by helping the city of Aberdeen to fall in love with its football team again .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "Aberdeen remained unbeaten in September 2013 , winning twice and drawing once in the league and progressing to the Quarter-Final of the League Cup with a 5–0 demolition of Falkirk . The teams excellent form earned McInnes the Manager of the Month award for September .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "The club had a positive start to 2014 , taking maximum points from games against Dundee United , Kilmarnock and Hibs . At the end of the month Russell Anderson scored in the 94th minute to level the game at 2–2 and secure a point for the Dons against Motherwell at Fir Park to keep them in second place . McInnes praised his players and believed they showed good determination to get something from the game . He was rewarded for his efforts as he picked up the Manager of the month award for February . Ahead of the League",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "Cup final , McInnes signed an extension to his contract , tying himself to the club until the summer of 2017 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "Aberdeen won the 2014 Scottish League Cup Final 4–2 on penalties , after a goalless draw , a success that saw them lift their first trophy in 19 years . McInnes led Aberdeen to European qualification for the first time since 2009 , achieved through a third-place finish in the league campaign . However , McInnes was unsatisfied with the outcome when Motherwell beat Aberdeen 1–0 to take the second place . McInnes criticised the referee for ignoring the challenge when goalkeeper Jamie Langfield was fouled by John Sutton , which later led to the goal scored by Craig Reid",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": ". At the end of the season , McInnes was awarded both PFA Scotland Manager of the Year and SFWA Manager of the Year .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " Early in the 2014–15 season , Aberdeen progressed through two qualifying rounds of the UEFA Europa League , including an aggregate victory against Dutch club FC Groningen . Aberdeen finished second in the 2014–15 Scottish Premiership and again qualified for European competition . During the 2015 close season , despite mounting speculation that he was in talks to take over at Rangers , McInnes signed a new contract with the club keeping him at Pittodrie until 2019 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "His Aberdeen team again pushed Celtic almost all the way in the Scottish Premiership title race in 2015–16 , with Celtic eventually beating Aberdeen 3–2 on 8 May 2016 , a match which secured the league title , with only two matches remaining . Aberdeen had begun that season winning all of its first eight league matches as well .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "McInnes led Aberdeen to a third straight Scottish Premership runners-up spot in season 2016–17 . His Aberdeen side also claimed its first win at Ibrox since September 1991 , with a 2–1 victory on 17 May . McInnes led Aberdeen to both domestic cup finals in the 2016–17 season , losing both to Celtic . The team went on a ten-match winning streak at Pittodrie , which surpassed Alex Fergusons Aberdeen record of nine home wins in-a-row in 1985–86 ( although not a club record ) . He was again shortlisted for PFA Scotland Manager of the Year , but",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "lost out to Celtic manager Brendan Rodgers .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " In June 2017 , Aberdeen granted permission for Sunderland to speak with McInnes about becoming their manager , but he decided to stay with Aberdeen . McInnes and Docherty subsequently signed a 1-year contract extension , keeping them with the Dons until the summer of 2020 . Rangers made an approach for McInnes in December 2017 ( immediately following two league games in four days between the clubs , both won by the Glasgow side ) but he rejected that offer as well .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": "McInnes was sent off by the referee for gesturing at Celtic fans during a 2018–19 Scottish Cup semi-final in April 2019 . He was apparently reacting to sectarian abuse by Celtic fans , which was investigated by Police Scotland .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " In July 2019 he signed a new contract with Aberdeen , which is due to run until 2022 . After a poor run of results in early 2021 , Aberdeen chairman Dave Cormack said that the board were fully behind McInnes . This run of form continued , as Aberdeen scored one goal in nine matches , and McInnes left the club by mutual consent on 8 March 2021 .",
"title": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"text": " - Greenock Morton - Scottish Second Division : 1994–95 - Rangers - Scottish Premier Division : 1996-97 - Scottish Cup : 1998–99",
"title": "Player"
},
{
"text": " - Football League First Division runner-up ( promotion ) : 2001–02 - St Johnstone - Scottish Challenge Cup : 2007–08",
"title": "West Bromwich Albion"
},
{
"text": " - St Johnstone - Scottish First Division : 2008–09 - Aberdeen - Scottish League Cup : 2013–14",
"title": "Manager"
},
{
"text": " - St Johnstone FC profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont#P1416#0
|
What was Carles Puigdemont afflicted to between Sep 2017 and Nov 2017?
|
Carles Puigdemont Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó ( ; born 29 December 1962 ) is a Catalan pro-independence politician and journalist from Spain . Since 2019 he has served as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . A former Mayor of Girona , Puigdemont served as the 130th President of Catalonia from 2016 to 2017 when he was removed from office by the Spanish Government following the unilateral Catalan declaration of independence . He is co-founder of the National Call for the Republic ( CNxR ) , leader of the Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance and founder of the Together for Catalonia party . After education in Amer and Girona , he became a journalist in 1982 , writing for various local publications and becoming editor-in-chief of El Punt . He was director of the Catalan News Agency from 1999 to 2002 and director of Gironas House of Culture from 2002 to 2004 . Puigdemonts family were supporters of Catalan independence and Puigdemont became involved in politics as a teenager , joining the nationalist Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , the predecessor to the PDeCAT , in 1980 . He gave up journalism to pursue a career in politics in 2006 when he was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Girona . He was elected to the Municipality Council of Girona in 2007 and in 2011 he became Mayor of Girona . On 10 January 2016 , following an agreement between the Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) , an electoral alliance led by the CDC , and the Popular Unity Candidacy ( CUP ) , the Parliament of Catalonia elected Puigdemont as the 130th President of the Government of Catalonia . On 6–7 September 2017 , he approved laws for permitting an independence referendum , and the juridical transition and foundation of a Republic , a new constitution for Catalonia that would be in place if the referendum supported independence . On 1 October 2017 , the Catalan independence referendum was held in Catalonia despite Spains Constitutional Court ruling that it breached the Spanish constitution . Despite the closing of polling stations and the use of excessive force by Spanish Police 43% of Catalan citizens managed to vote in the referendum , 92% of them supporting independence . The Catalan Parliament declared independence on 27 October 2017 which resulted in the Spanish government imposing direct rule on Catalonia , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government . The Catalan Parliament was dissolved and the 2017 Catalan regional election was held . On 30 October 2017 charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds were brought against Puigdemont and other members of the Puigdemont Government . Puigdemont , along with others , fled to Belgium and European Arrest Warrants ( EAW ) were issued against them . At the regional elections held on 21 December 2017 Puigdemont was re-elected to Parliament and Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority . Official results shown an actual support for independence of 47.6% versus a 43.5% that voted against independence parties , the rest being non-aligned parties and blank votes . Puigdemont called for fresh talks with the then Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy but these were rejected . Puigdemont remained in Belgium to avoid arrest if he returned to Spain , with this situation being defined as exile by some , self-imposed exile by some others , and also as fugitive from justice . On 25 March 2018 , he was detained by the Autobahnpolizei ( highway patrol ) acting on his European Arrest Warrant in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein . He was released on bail , with the state high court deciding he could not be extradited for rebellion as German law does not coincide with Spanish law on the definition thereof , a requirement of his EAW . On 10 July 2018 a Spanish Supreme Court judge suspended him as a deputy in the Catalan parliament . On 12 July 2018 , a German court decided that he could be extradited back to Spain for misuse of public funds , but not for the more serious charge of rebellion . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Following the German court decision , on 19 July 2018 , Spain dropped the European arrest warrants against Puigdemont and other Catalan officials in self-exile . Early life and family . Puigdemont was born on 29 December 1962 in Amer , a village in the comarca of la Selva in the province of Girona in north-eastern Catalonia , Spain . The son of Francesc Xavier Puigdemont i Oliveras , a baker , and Francescs wife Núria Casamajó i Ruiz , he is the second of eight brothers . Puigdemonts maternal grandmother was Andalusian . Puigdemonts grandfather , who fought in the Spanish Civil War before fleeing to France , founded the Pastisseria Puigdemont in 1928 . The Puigdemont family still own the bakery located in Amers main square . Puigdemonts great-grandfather and his uncle Josep Puigdemont were mayors of Amer and were supporters of Catalan independence , as was Puigdemonts father Xavier . Puigdemont received basic education in Amer before , aged nine , he was sent to study at the Church-run Santa Maria del Collell boarding school in Girona where he was taught in Spanish and learned to be a fighter . At the age of 16 he was already a reporter for the Diari de Girona newspaper , writing articles on football and other news . As a teenager Puigdemont attended political meetings with his uncle Josep and helped found the Nationalist Youth of Catalonia . In 1980 he joined the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , a conservative Catalan nationalist political party , now known as the Catalan European Democratic Party ( PDeCAT ) . After school Puigdemont joined the University College of Girona to study Catalan philology but dropped out to pursue a career in journalism . In 1983 , aged 21 , Puigdemont was involved in a car accident which left him seriously injured and with a slight scar on his face . It has been suggested that this explains his Beatle haircut but friends deny this . Journalism career . Puigdemont joined the El Punt , a pro-independence Catalan language newspaper , as a journalist in 1982 . He rose through the ranks to become the papers editor-in-chief . He also wrote a weekly column for the Presència magazine . He is a member of the Catalan Journalists Association . Beginning in 1988 , Puigdemont started collecting references about Catalonia in the international press , material that resulted in the publication of the 1994 book Cata.. . què ? Catalunya vista per la premsa internacional ( Cata...what ? Catalonia as seen by the foreign press ) . During the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona Puigdemont was a member of an organisation supporting Catalan nationalists detained as part of Operation Garzón . In the 1990s Puigdemont took a year off work to study linguistic policies elsewhere in Europe . As a result , he started working on application of new technologies in the provision of news and founded the Catalan News Agency ( ACN ) which was established by the Generalitat de Catalunya in 1999 . Puigdemont also founded Catalonia Today , an English-language magazine . Puigdemont was director of ACN until 2002 , when the then-president of the Diputació de Girona , Carles Pàramo , offered him the position of director of the Girona cultural centre , the Casa de Cultura , a position he held until 2004 . Political career . Puigdemont left journalism to devote himself fully to politics in 2006 when the Convergence and Union ( CiU ) electoral alliance invited him to be a candidate for the Parliament of Catalonia . Puigdemont contested the 2006 regional election as a CiU candidate in the Province of Girona and was elected . He was re-elected at the 2010 , 2012 and 2015 regional elections , the latter as a Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) electoral alliance candidate . Puigdemont contested the 2007 local elections as a CiU candidate in Girona and was elected but the CiU remained in opposition . At the 2011 local elections , in which Puigdemont we re-elected , the CiU ended the Socialistss 32-year rule in Girona . Puigdemont became Mayor of Girona . He was re-elected at the 2015 local elections . He was a member of Executive Committee of the Association of Municipalities for Independence and in July 2015 succeeded Josep Maria Vila dAbadal as its chair . Following a last-minute agreement between pro-Catalan independence parties Junts pel Sí and Popular Unity Candidacy to replace Artur Mas due in part to the various alleged cases of corruption and the austerity cuts under his government , Puigdemont was elected the 130th President of Catalonia on 10 January 2016 . He resigned as Mayor of Girona on 11 January 2016 as no-one is allowed to be a regional president and a municipal mayor at the same time . He was the first President of Catalonia to refuse to take the oath of loyalty to the Spanish constitution and the Spanish monarch . Constitutional crisis . In June 2017 Puigdemont announced that the Catalan independence referendum would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by opponents of secessionism and turnout was only 43% . Among those who voted 92% supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum . On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Audiencia Nacional against Puigdemont and other members of the Catalan government . The charges carry maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively . Puigdemont and five other Catalan ministers ( Dolors Bassa , Meritxell Borrás , Antoni Comín , Joaquim Forn and Meritxell Serret ) arrived in Belgium on 30 October 2017 . According to Spanish media the group had driven to Marseille shortly after the charges were laid before the Audiencia Nacional and from there flown to Brussels . Puigdemont claimed that he had gone to the capital of Europe to speak from a position of freedom and safety and that he would not return to Spain unless he was guaranteed a fair trial . Earlier Belgiums Secretary of State for Asylum , Migration and Administrative Simplification Theo Francken had stated that prospect of Puigdemont being granted asylum was not unrealistic . Exile . On 3 November 2017 a Spanish judge issued European Arrest Warrants against Comín , Clara Ponsatí i Obiols , Lluís Puig , Puigdemont and Serret after they failed to attend a high court hearing in Madrid the previous day . On 5 November 2017 the five politicians , accompanied by their lawyers , surrendered to the Belgian police but after a ten-hour hearing a Belgian judge released them all on bail . They were ordered not to leave Belgium without permission and had to provide details of their accommodation . On 5 December 2017 the Supreme Court of Spain withdrew the European Arrest Warrant ( EAW ) against Puigdemont and four others stating that EAW were not valid for alleged crimes committed by a wider group of people , e.g . the Catalan government . But judge warned that the national arrest warrants remain valid , meaning that the group risked arrest if they returned to Spain . While remaining self-exiled , Puigdemont contested the 2017 regional election as a Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to Parliament . At the election Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority in the Catalan Parliament . After the election Puigdemont called for new unconditional talks with the Spanish government and that he was willing to meet Rajoy outside of Spain . Rajoy rejected the offer , saying that he was only willing to speak with the leader of the Catalan government , whom he considered to be Inés Arrimadas , leader of the unionist Citizens , the largest single party in the Catalan Parliament . On 1 March 2018 , Puigdemont was hoping to be selected by the Catalan Parliament as President of Catalonia again , but the Catalan Parliament heeded warnings from Spains judiciary and postponed the session in which Puigdemont could be selected . Subsequently , Puigdemont announced that he was no longer seeking re-election as leader of Catalonia . Later he announced the creation of a government-in-exile organization named Council of the Republic . On 25 March 2018 , while returning to Brussels from a trip to Finland , Puigdemont was stopped in Germany near the Danish border and arrested pursuant to the European warrant that had been reissued against him two days previously . On 5 April 2018 , the Oberlandesgericht ( Higher State Court ) in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein ruled that Puigdemont would not be extradited on charges of rebellion , and released him on bail while deliberating about the extradition on charges of misuse of public funds . According to that decision , Puigdemont was required to report to police once a week and could not leave Germany without permission of the public prosecutor . After his release , Puigdemont called on Spains government to release Catalan separatists from imprisonment and establish a dialog with them . On 12 July 2018 the higher court in Schleswig-Holstein confirmed that Puigdemont could not be extradited by the crime of rebellion , but may still be extradited based on charges of misuse of public funds . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Ultimately , though , Spain dropped its European arrest warrant , ending the extradition attempt . Puigdemont was once again free to travel , and chose to return to Belgium . In January 2019 Puigdemont filed a constitutional application for amparo directed against the president of the Catalan parliament , Roger Torrent and the Board of the Chamber . The complaint , presented to the Spanish Constitutional Court , argued Puigdemont had been denied the use of his political rights as Torrent did not allow him to delegate his vote from Belgium after Puigdemonts criminal indictment and suspension of his parliamentary condition by Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena . Following the April 2019 arrest of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian Embassy in London , Puigdemont said that Human rights , and especially freedom of expression , are under attack once again in Europe . Puigdemont ran 1st in the list for the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain and he was elected member of the European Parliament . However , he refused to attend the act of observance of the Spanish Constitution before the Junta Electoral Central in Madrid , a requirement to acquire a certificate as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . The consequential absence of Puigdemont and Toni Comín in the list of certificated Spanish MEPs was communicated to them by the President of the European Parliament Antonio Tajani through a letter ; the letter also explained that , therefore , he could not address them as MEPs . Puigdemont and Comín filed a request before the General Court of the European Union asking for precautionary measures against the decision of the European Parliament , which was dismissed . He spent much of the inaugural session of the European Parliament on 2 July 2019 in the German city of Kehl , across the Rhine from the seat of the European Parliament in the city of Strasbourg , located on French soil and avoided by Puigdemont . Judge Pablo Llarena has reactivated a detention order of Puigdemont both in Europe and also reactivated an international detention order of Puigdemont in October 2019 . On 20 December 2019 , Puigdemont was accredited as an MEP after a ruling from the European Court of Justice said that he was permitted to take on his role as MEP . Puigdemont and Comín attended their first EP session on 13 January 2020 as non-attached members . Puigdemont first intervention dealt with a defense of the right of self-determination . Both MEPs asked to join the Greens–European Free Alliance ( EU parliament party political group ) co-president Philippe Lamberts acknowledged the group considered the request a problem for them and , while entertaining internal debate in order to decide on the issue , Lamberts deemed the most logical outcome would be for them to join the group to which their best Belgian friends ( the N-VA ) belong . Also in January 2020 , Spanish Supreme Court judge Manuel Marchena proceeded to file an application before EP President David Sassoli in order to revoke the immunity of Puigdemont and Comín . Later in January 2020 , just hours before the scheduled internal vote among the Greens/ALE MEPs on the request filed by Puigdemont and Comín to join the Greens/ALE group , both Puigdemont and Comín withdrew their application . On 30 April 2021 , Morocco granted Puigdemont asylum . According to a source from the Moroccan foreign ministry , the decision was made in due to the principle of reciprocity to host the Catalan independence leader after Sahrawi President Brahim Ghali was allowed to go to Spain to get treated for COVID-19 . Ideology and positions . One of the founders of the youth organization of the right-of-centre Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) in the province of Girona , Puigdemont has associated himself since then with the most staunchly pro-independence faction in the party . His tenure as Mayor in Girona was characterised by liberal economic policies . In 2017 , he considered the European Union to be a club of decadent and obsolescent countries that was controlled by a small few , also suggesting that Catalonia should be allowed to vote on its exit from the EU if Catalans wanted it . Although he openly supports the EU and Euro , he has supported the idea that we should work to change it . He has rejected a EU which does not protect human rights and the right of representation . He has denied being europhobic and he has referred to himself and his party not as eurosceptic but as euro-demanding . Personal life . Puigdemont married Romanian journalist Marcela Topor in 2000 . They have two daughters , Magali and Maria , and live in Girona . He speaks Catalan , English , French , Romanian and Spanish . Puigdemont is a supporter of Girona FC and FC Barcelona and plays rock guitar and the electric piano . As a youngster Puigdemont played bass in a short-lived Catalan rock band formed about 1980 . On 2 February 2018 , the Belgian commune of Waterloo confirmed that he had rented a villa and planned to establish his official residence there . References . - Informational notes - Citations External links . - Catalan Parliament profile ( archive ) - European Parliament profile - Generalitat de Catalunya . Govern de la República
|
[
"Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) electoral alliance"
] |
[
{
"text": "Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó ( ; born 29 December 1962 ) is a Catalan pro-independence politician and journalist from Spain . Since 2019 he has served as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . A former Mayor of Girona , Puigdemont served as the 130th President of Catalonia from 2016 to 2017 when he was removed from office by the Spanish Government following the unilateral Catalan declaration of independence . He is co-founder of the National Call for the Republic ( CNxR ) , leader of the Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance and founder",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "of the Together for Catalonia party .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "After education in Amer and Girona , he became a journalist in 1982 , writing for various local publications and becoming editor-in-chief of El Punt . He was director of the Catalan News Agency from 1999 to 2002 and director of Gironas House of Culture from 2002 to 2004 . Puigdemonts family were supporters of Catalan independence and Puigdemont became involved in politics as a teenager , joining the nationalist Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , the predecessor to the PDeCAT , in 1980 . He gave up journalism to pursue a career in politics in 2006 when",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "he was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Girona . He was elected to the Municipality Council of Girona in 2007 and in 2011 he became Mayor of Girona . On 10 January 2016 , following an agreement between the Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) , an electoral alliance led by the CDC , and the Popular Unity Candidacy ( CUP ) , the Parliament of Catalonia elected Puigdemont as the 130th President of the Government of Catalonia .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "On 6–7 September 2017 , he approved laws for permitting an independence referendum , and the juridical transition and foundation of a Republic , a new constitution for Catalonia that would be in place if the referendum supported independence . On 1 October 2017 , the Catalan independence referendum was held in Catalonia despite Spains Constitutional Court ruling that it breached the Spanish constitution . Despite the closing of polling stations and the use of excessive force by Spanish Police 43% of Catalan citizens managed to vote in the referendum , 92% of them supporting independence . The Catalan Parliament",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "declared independence on 27 October 2017 which resulted in the Spanish government imposing direct rule on Catalonia , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government . The Catalan Parliament was dissolved and the 2017 Catalan regional election was held . On 30 October 2017 charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds were brought against Puigdemont and other members of the Puigdemont Government . Puigdemont , along with others , fled to Belgium and European Arrest Warrants ( EAW ) were issued against them . At the regional elections held on 21 December 2017 Puigdemont was re-elected to Parliament",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "and Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority . Official results shown an actual support for independence of 47.6% versus a 43.5% that voted against independence parties , the rest being non-aligned parties and blank votes . Puigdemont called for fresh talks with the then Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy but these were rejected .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont remained in Belgium to avoid arrest if he returned to Spain , with this situation being defined as exile by some , self-imposed exile by some others , and also as fugitive from justice . On 25 March 2018 , he was detained by the Autobahnpolizei ( highway patrol ) acting on his European Arrest Warrant in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein . He was released on bail , with the state high court deciding he could not be extradited for rebellion as German law does not coincide with Spanish law on the definition thereof , a requirement",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "of his EAW . On 10 July 2018 a Spanish Supreme Court judge suspended him as a deputy in the Catalan parliament . On 12 July 2018 , a German court decided that he could be extradited back to Spain for misuse of public funds , but not for the more serious charge of rebellion . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Following the German court decision , on 19 July 2018 , Spain dropped the European arrest warrants against Puigdemont and other Catalan officials in self-exile .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont was born on 29 December 1962 in Amer , a village in the comarca of la Selva in the province of Girona in north-eastern Catalonia , Spain . The son of Francesc Xavier Puigdemont i Oliveras , a baker , and Francescs wife Núria Casamajó i Ruiz , he is the second of eight brothers . Puigdemonts maternal grandmother was Andalusian . Puigdemonts grandfather , who fought in the Spanish Civil War before fleeing to France , founded the Pastisseria Puigdemont in 1928 . The Puigdemont family still own the bakery located in Amers main square . Puigdemonts great-grandfather",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "and his uncle Josep Puigdemont were mayors of Amer and were supporters of Catalan independence , as was Puigdemonts father Xavier .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont received basic education in Amer before , aged nine , he was sent to study at the Church-run Santa Maria del Collell boarding school in Girona where he was taught in Spanish and learned to be a fighter . At the age of 16 he was already a reporter for the Diari de Girona newspaper , writing articles on football and other news .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "As a teenager Puigdemont attended political meetings with his uncle Josep and helped found the Nationalist Youth of Catalonia . In 1980 he joined the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , a conservative Catalan nationalist political party , now known as the Catalan European Democratic Party ( PDeCAT ) .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": " After school Puigdemont joined the University College of Girona to study Catalan philology but dropped out to pursue a career in journalism . In 1983 , aged 21 , Puigdemont was involved in a car accident which left him seriously injured and with a slight scar on his face . It has been suggested that this explains his Beatle haircut but friends deny this .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont joined the El Punt , a pro-independence Catalan language newspaper , as a journalist in 1982 . He rose through the ranks to become the papers editor-in-chief . He also wrote a weekly column for the Presència magazine . He is a member of the Catalan Journalists Association .",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1988 , Puigdemont started collecting references about Catalonia in the international press , material that resulted in the publication of the 1994 book Cata.. . què ? Catalunya vista per la premsa internacional ( Cata...what ? Catalonia as seen by the foreign press ) . During the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona Puigdemont was a member of an organisation supporting Catalan nationalists detained as part of Operation Garzón .",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": "In the 1990s Puigdemont took a year off work to study linguistic policies elsewhere in Europe . As a result , he started working on application of new technologies in the provision of news and founded the Catalan News Agency ( ACN ) which was established by the Generalitat de Catalunya in 1999 . Puigdemont also founded Catalonia Today , an English-language magazine . Puigdemont was director of ACN until 2002 , when the then-president of the Diputació de Girona , Carles Pàramo , offered him the position of director of the Girona cultural centre , the Casa de Cultura",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": ", a position he held until 2004 .",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont left journalism to devote himself fully to politics in 2006 when the Convergence and Union ( CiU ) electoral alliance invited him to be a candidate for the Parliament of Catalonia . Puigdemont contested the 2006 regional election as a CiU candidate in the Province of Girona and was elected . He was re-elected at the 2010 , 2012 and 2015 regional elections , the latter as a Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) electoral alliance candidate .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont contested the 2007 local elections as a CiU candidate in Girona and was elected but the CiU remained in opposition . At the 2011 local elections , in which Puigdemont we re-elected , the CiU ended the Socialistss 32-year rule in Girona . Puigdemont became Mayor of Girona . He was re-elected at the 2015 local elections . He was a member of Executive Committee of the Association of Municipalities for Independence and in July 2015 succeeded Josep Maria Vila dAbadal as its chair .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Following a last-minute agreement between pro-Catalan independence parties Junts pel Sí and Popular Unity Candidacy to replace Artur Mas due in part to the various alleged cases of corruption and the austerity cuts under his government , Puigdemont was elected the 130th President of Catalonia on 10 January 2016 . He resigned as Mayor of Girona on 11 January 2016 as no-one is allowed to be a regional president and a municipal mayor at the same time . He was the first President of Catalonia to refuse to take the oath of loyalty to the Spanish constitution and the Spanish",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "monarch .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In June 2017 Puigdemont announced that the Catalan independence referendum would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by opponents of secessionism and turnout was",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "only 43% . Among those who voted 92% supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum .",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Audiencia Nacional against Puigdemont and other members of the Catalan government",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": ". The charges carry maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively .",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont and five other Catalan ministers ( Dolors Bassa , Meritxell Borrás , Antoni Comín , Joaquim Forn and Meritxell Serret ) arrived in Belgium on 30 October 2017 . According to Spanish media the group had driven to Marseille shortly after the charges were laid before the Audiencia Nacional and from there flown to Brussels . Puigdemont claimed that he had gone to the capital of Europe to speak from a position of freedom and safety and that he would not return to Spain unless he was guaranteed a fair trial . Earlier Belgiums Secretary of State for Asylum",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": ", Migration and Administrative Simplification Theo Francken had stated that prospect of Puigdemont being granted asylum was not unrealistic .",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "On 3 November 2017 a Spanish judge issued European Arrest Warrants against Comín , Clara Ponsatí i Obiols , Lluís Puig , Puigdemont and Serret after they failed to attend a high court hearing in Madrid the previous day . On 5 November 2017 the five politicians , accompanied by their lawyers , surrendered to the Belgian police but after a ten-hour hearing a Belgian judge released them all on bail . They were ordered not to leave Belgium without permission and had to provide details of their accommodation . On 5 December 2017 the Supreme Court of Spain withdrew",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "the European Arrest Warrant ( EAW ) against Puigdemont and four others stating that EAW were not valid for alleged crimes committed by a wider group of people , e.g . the Catalan government . But judge warned that the national arrest warrants remain valid , meaning that the group risked arrest if they returned to Spain .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "While remaining self-exiled , Puigdemont contested the 2017 regional election as a Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to Parliament . At the election Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority in the Catalan Parliament . After the election Puigdemont called for new unconditional talks with the Spanish government and that he was willing to meet Rajoy outside of Spain . Rajoy rejected the offer , saying that he was only willing to speak with the leader of the Catalan government , whom he considered to be Inés Arrimadas ,",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "leader of the unionist Citizens , the largest single party in the Catalan Parliament .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " On 1 March 2018 , Puigdemont was hoping to be selected by the Catalan Parliament as President of Catalonia again , but the Catalan Parliament heeded warnings from Spains judiciary and postponed the session in which Puigdemont could be selected . Subsequently , Puigdemont announced that he was no longer seeking re-election as leader of Catalonia . Later he announced the creation of a government-in-exile organization named Council of the Republic .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "On 25 March 2018 , while returning to Brussels from a trip to Finland , Puigdemont was stopped in Germany near the Danish border and arrested pursuant to the European warrant that had been reissued against him two days previously . On 5 April 2018 , the Oberlandesgericht ( Higher State Court ) in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein ruled that Puigdemont would not be extradited on charges of rebellion , and released him on bail while deliberating about the extradition on charges of misuse of public funds . According to that decision , Puigdemont was required to report to",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "police once a week and could not leave Germany without permission of the public prosecutor .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " After his release , Puigdemont called on Spains government to release Catalan separatists from imprisonment and establish a dialog with them .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "On 12 July 2018 the higher court in Schleswig-Holstein confirmed that Puigdemont could not be extradited by the crime of rebellion , but may still be extradited based on charges of misuse of public funds . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Ultimately , though , Spain dropped its European arrest warrant , ending the extradition attempt . Puigdemont was once again free to travel , and chose to return to Belgium .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " In January 2019 Puigdemont filed a constitutional application for amparo directed against the president of the Catalan parliament , Roger Torrent and the Board of the Chamber . The complaint , presented to the Spanish Constitutional Court , argued Puigdemont had been denied the use of his political rights as Torrent did not allow him to delegate his vote from Belgium after Puigdemonts criminal indictment and suspension of his parliamentary condition by Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Following the April 2019 arrest of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian Embassy in London , Puigdemont said that Human rights , and especially freedom of expression , are under attack once again in Europe .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont ran 1st in the list for the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain and he was elected member of the European Parliament . However , he refused to attend the act of observance of the Spanish Constitution before the Junta Electoral Central in Madrid , a requirement to acquire a certificate as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . The consequential absence of Puigdemont and Toni Comín in the list of certificated Spanish MEPs was communicated to them by the President of the European Parliament Antonio Tajani through a letter ; the letter also explained that",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": ", therefore , he could not address them as MEPs . Puigdemont and Comín filed a request before the General Court of the European Union asking for precautionary measures against the decision of the European Parliament , which was dismissed . He spent much of the inaugural session of the European Parliament on 2 July 2019 in the German city of Kehl , across the Rhine from the seat of the European Parliament in the city of Strasbourg , located on French soil and avoided by Puigdemont . Judge Pablo Llarena has reactivated a detention order of Puigdemont both in",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Europe and also reactivated an international detention order of Puigdemont in October 2019 .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " On 20 December 2019 , Puigdemont was accredited as an MEP after a ruling from the European Court of Justice said that he was permitted to take on his role as MEP .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont and Comín attended their first EP session on 13 January 2020 as non-attached members . Puigdemont first intervention dealt with a defense of the right of self-determination . Both MEPs asked to join the Greens–European Free Alliance ( EU parliament party political group ) co-president Philippe Lamberts acknowledged the group considered the request a problem for them and , while entertaining internal debate in order to decide on the issue , Lamberts deemed the most logical outcome would be for them to join the group to which their best Belgian friends ( the N-VA ) belong . Also in",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "January 2020 , Spanish Supreme Court judge Manuel Marchena proceeded to file an application before EP President David Sassoli in order to revoke the immunity of Puigdemont and Comín .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " Later in January 2020 , just hours before the scheduled internal vote among the Greens/ALE MEPs on the request filed by Puigdemont and Comín to join the Greens/ALE group , both Puigdemont and Comín withdrew their application . On 30 April 2021 , Morocco granted Puigdemont asylum . According to a source from the Moroccan foreign ministry , the decision was made in due to the principle of reciprocity to host the Catalan independence leader after Sahrawi President Brahim Ghali was allowed to go to Spain to get treated for COVID-19 .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "One of the founders of the youth organization of the right-of-centre Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) in the province of Girona , Puigdemont has associated himself since then with the most staunchly pro-independence faction in the party . His tenure as Mayor in Girona was characterised by liberal economic policies . In 2017 , he considered the European Union to be a club of decadent and obsolescent countries that was controlled by a small few , also suggesting that Catalonia should be allowed to vote on its exit from the EU if Catalans wanted it . Although he",
"title": "Ideology and positions"
},
{
"text": "openly supports the EU and Euro , he has supported the idea that we should work to change it . He has rejected a EU which does not protect human rights and the right of representation . He has denied being europhobic and he has referred to himself and his party not as eurosceptic but as euro-demanding .",
"title": "Ideology and positions"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont married Romanian journalist Marcela Topor in 2000 . They have two daughters , Magali and Maria , and live in Girona . He speaks Catalan , English , French , Romanian and Spanish . Puigdemont is a supporter of Girona FC and FC Barcelona and plays rock guitar and the electric piano . As a youngster Puigdemont played bass in a short-lived Catalan rock band formed about 1980 . On 2 February 2018 , the Belgian commune of Waterloo confirmed that he had rented a villa and planned to establish his official residence there .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Catalan Parliament profile ( archive ) - European Parliament profile - Generalitat de Catalunya . Govern de la República",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont#P1416#1
|
What was Carles Puigdemont afflicted to in Jan 2018?
|
Carles Puigdemont Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó ( ; born 29 December 1962 ) is a Catalan pro-independence politician and journalist from Spain . Since 2019 he has served as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . A former Mayor of Girona , Puigdemont served as the 130th President of Catalonia from 2016 to 2017 when he was removed from office by the Spanish Government following the unilateral Catalan declaration of independence . He is co-founder of the National Call for the Republic ( CNxR ) , leader of the Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance and founder of the Together for Catalonia party . After education in Amer and Girona , he became a journalist in 1982 , writing for various local publications and becoming editor-in-chief of El Punt . He was director of the Catalan News Agency from 1999 to 2002 and director of Gironas House of Culture from 2002 to 2004 . Puigdemonts family were supporters of Catalan independence and Puigdemont became involved in politics as a teenager , joining the nationalist Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , the predecessor to the PDeCAT , in 1980 . He gave up journalism to pursue a career in politics in 2006 when he was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Girona . He was elected to the Municipality Council of Girona in 2007 and in 2011 he became Mayor of Girona . On 10 January 2016 , following an agreement between the Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) , an electoral alliance led by the CDC , and the Popular Unity Candidacy ( CUP ) , the Parliament of Catalonia elected Puigdemont as the 130th President of the Government of Catalonia . On 6–7 September 2017 , he approved laws for permitting an independence referendum , and the juridical transition and foundation of a Republic , a new constitution for Catalonia that would be in place if the referendum supported independence . On 1 October 2017 , the Catalan independence referendum was held in Catalonia despite Spains Constitutional Court ruling that it breached the Spanish constitution . Despite the closing of polling stations and the use of excessive force by Spanish Police 43% of Catalan citizens managed to vote in the referendum , 92% of them supporting independence . The Catalan Parliament declared independence on 27 October 2017 which resulted in the Spanish government imposing direct rule on Catalonia , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government . The Catalan Parliament was dissolved and the 2017 Catalan regional election was held . On 30 October 2017 charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds were brought against Puigdemont and other members of the Puigdemont Government . Puigdemont , along with others , fled to Belgium and European Arrest Warrants ( EAW ) were issued against them . At the regional elections held on 21 December 2017 Puigdemont was re-elected to Parliament and Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority . Official results shown an actual support for independence of 47.6% versus a 43.5% that voted against independence parties , the rest being non-aligned parties and blank votes . Puigdemont called for fresh talks with the then Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy but these were rejected . Puigdemont remained in Belgium to avoid arrest if he returned to Spain , with this situation being defined as exile by some , self-imposed exile by some others , and also as fugitive from justice . On 25 March 2018 , he was detained by the Autobahnpolizei ( highway patrol ) acting on his European Arrest Warrant in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein . He was released on bail , with the state high court deciding he could not be extradited for rebellion as German law does not coincide with Spanish law on the definition thereof , a requirement of his EAW . On 10 July 2018 a Spanish Supreme Court judge suspended him as a deputy in the Catalan parliament . On 12 July 2018 , a German court decided that he could be extradited back to Spain for misuse of public funds , but not for the more serious charge of rebellion . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Following the German court decision , on 19 July 2018 , Spain dropped the European arrest warrants against Puigdemont and other Catalan officials in self-exile . Early life and family . Puigdemont was born on 29 December 1962 in Amer , a village in the comarca of la Selva in the province of Girona in north-eastern Catalonia , Spain . The son of Francesc Xavier Puigdemont i Oliveras , a baker , and Francescs wife Núria Casamajó i Ruiz , he is the second of eight brothers . Puigdemonts maternal grandmother was Andalusian . Puigdemonts grandfather , who fought in the Spanish Civil War before fleeing to France , founded the Pastisseria Puigdemont in 1928 . The Puigdemont family still own the bakery located in Amers main square . Puigdemonts great-grandfather and his uncle Josep Puigdemont were mayors of Amer and were supporters of Catalan independence , as was Puigdemonts father Xavier . Puigdemont received basic education in Amer before , aged nine , he was sent to study at the Church-run Santa Maria del Collell boarding school in Girona where he was taught in Spanish and learned to be a fighter . At the age of 16 he was already a reporter for the Diari de Girona newspaper , writing articles on football and other news . As a teenager Puigdemont attended political meetings with his uncle Josep and helped found the Nationalist Youth of Catalonia . In 1980 he joined the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , a conservative Catalan nationalist political party , now known as the Catalan European Democratic Party ( PDeCAT ) . After school Puigdemont joined the University College of Girona to study Catalan philology but dropped out to pursue a career in journalism . In 1983 , aged 21 , Puigdemont was involved in a car accident which left him seriously injured and with a slight scar on his face . It has been suggested that this explains his Beatle haircut but friends deny this . Journalism career . Puigdemont joined the El Punt , a pro-independence Catalan language newspaper , as a journalist in 1982 . He rose through the ranks to become the papers editor-in-chief . He also wrote a weekly column for the Presència magazine . He is a member of the Catalan Journalists Association . Beginning in 1988 , Puigdemont started collecting references about Catalonia in the international press , material that resulted in the publication of the 1994 book Cata.. . què ? Catalunya vista per la premsa internacional ( Cata...what ? Catalonia as seen by the foreign press ) . During the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona Puigdemont was a member of an organisation supporting Catalan nationalists detained as part of Operation Garzón . In the 1990s Puigdemont took a year off work to study linguistic policies elsewhere in Europe . As a result , he started working on application of new technologies in the provision of news and founded the Catalan News Agency ( ACN ) which was established by the Generalitat de Catalunya in 1999 . Puigdemont also founded Catalonia Today , an English-language magazine . Puigdemont was director of ACN until 2002 , when the then-president of the Diputació de Girona , Carles Pàramo , offered him the position of director of the Girona cultural centre , the Casa de Cultura , a position he held until 2004 . Political career . Puigdemont left journalism to devote himself fully to politics in 2006 when the Convergence and Union ( CiU ) electoral alliance invited him to be a candidate for the Parliament of Catalonia . Puigdemont contested the 2006 regional election as a CiU candidate in the Province of Girona and was elected . He was re-elected at the 2010 , 2012 and 2015 regional elections , the latter as a Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) electoral alliance candidate . Puigdemont contested the 2007 local elections as a CiU candidate in Girona and was elected but the CiU remained in opposition . At the 2011 local elections , in which Puigdemont we re-elected , the CiU ended the Socialistss 32-year rule in Girona . Puigdemont became Mayor of Girona . He was re-elected at the 2015 local elections . He was a member of Executive Committee of the Association of Municipalities for Independence and in July 2015 succeeded Josep Maria Vila dAbadal as its chair . Following a last-minute agreement between pro-Catalan independence parties Junts pel Sí and Popular Unity Candidacy to replace Artur Mas due in part to the various alleged cases of corruption and the austerity cuts under his government , Puigdemont was elected the 130th President of Catalonia on 10 January 2016 . He resigned as Mayor of Girona on 11 January 2016 as no-one is allowed to be a regional president and a municipal mayor at the same time . He was the first President of Catalonia to refuse to take the oath of loyalty to the Spanish constitution and the Spanish monarch . Constitutional crisis . In June 2017 Puigdemont announced that the Catalan independence referendum would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by opponents of secessionism and turnout was only 43% . Among those who voted 92% supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum . On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Audiencia Nacional against Puigdemont and other members of the Catalan government . The charges carry maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively . Puigdemont and five other Catalan ministers ( Dolors Bassa , Meritxell Borrás , Antoni Comín , Joaquim Forn and Meritxell Serret ) arrived in Belgium on 30 October 2017 . According to Spanish media the group had driven to Marseille shortly after the charges were laid before the Audiencia Nacional and from there flown to Brussels . Puigdemont claimed that he had gone to the capital of Europe to speak from a position of freedom and safety and that he would not return to Spain unless he was guaranteed a fair trial . Earlier Belgiums Secretary of State for Asylum , Migration and Administrative Simplification Theo Francken had stated that prospect of Puigdemont being granted asylum was not unrealistic . Exile . On 3 November 2017 a Spanish judge issued European Arrest Warrants against Comín , Clara Ponsatí i Obiols , Lluís Puig , Puigdemont and Serret after they failed to attend a high court hearing in Madrid the previous day . On 5 November 2017 the five politicians , accompanied by their lawyers , surrendered to the Belgian police but after a ten-hour hearing a Belgian judge released them all on bail . They were ordered not to leave Belgium without permission and had to provide details of their accommodation . On 5 December 2017 the Supreme Court of Spain withdrew the European Arrest Warrant ( EAW ) against Puigdemont and four others stating that EAW were not valid for alleged crimes committed by a wider group of people , e.g . the Catalan government . But judge warned that the national arrest warrants remain valid , meaning that the group risked arrest if they returned to Spain . While remaining self-exiled , Puigdemont contested the 2017 regional election as a Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to Parliament . At the election Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority in the Catalan Parliament . After the election Puigdemont called for new unconditional talks with the Spanish government and that he was willing to meet Rajoy outside of Spain . Rajoy rejected the offer , saying that he was only willing to speak with the leader of the Catalan government , whom he considered to be Inés Arrimadas , leader of the unionist Citizens , the largest single party in the Catalan Parliament . On 1 March 2018 , Puigdemont was hoping to be selected by the Catalan Parliament as President of Catalonia again , but the Catalan Parliament heeded warnings from Spains judiciary and postponed the session in which Puigdemont could be selected . Subsequently , Puigdemont announced that he was no longer seeking re-election as leader of Catalonia . Later he announced the creation of a government-in-exile organization named Council of the Republic . On 25 March 2018 , while returning to Brussels from a trip to Finland , Puigdemont was stopped in Germany near the Danish border and arrested pursuant to the European warrant that had been reissued against him two days previously . On 5 April 2018 , the Oberlandesgericht ( Higher State Court ) in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein ruled that Puigdemont would not be extradited on charges of rebellion , and released him on bail while deliberating about the extradition on charges of misuse of public funds . According to that decision , Puigdemont was required to report to police once a week and could not leave Germany without permission of the public prosecutor . After his release , Puigdemont called on Spains government to release Catalan separatists from imprisonment and establish a dialog with them . On 12 July 2018 the higher court in Schleswig-Holstein confirmed that Puigdemont could not be extradited by the crime of rebellion , but may still be extradited based on charges of misuse of public funds . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Ultimately , though , Spain dropped its European arrest warrant , ending the extradition attempt . Puigdemont was once again free to travel , and chose to return to Belgium . In January 2019 Puigdemont filed a constitutional application for amparo directed against the president of the Catalan parliament , Roger Torrent and the Board of the Chamber . The complaint , presented to the Spanish Constitutional Court , argued Puigdemont had been denied the use of his political rights as Torrent did not allow him to delegate his vote from Belgium after Puigdemonts criminal indictment and suspension of his parliamentary condition by Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena . Following the April 2019 arrest of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian Embassy in London , Puigdemont said that Human rights , and especially freedom of expression , are under attack once again in Europe . Puigdemont ran 1st in the list for the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain and he was elected member of the European Parliament . However , he refused to attend the act of observance of the Spanish Constitution before the Junta Electoral Central in Madrid , a requirement to acquire a certificate as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . The consequential absence of Puigdemont and Toni Comín in the list of certificated Spanish MEPs was communicated to them by the President of the European Parliament Antonio Tajani through a letter ; the letter also explained that , therefore , he could not address them as MEPs . Puigdemont and Comín filed a request before the General Court of the European Union asking for precautionary measures against the decision of the European Parliament , which was dismissed . He spent much of the inaugural session of the European Parliament on 2 July 2019 in the German city of Kehl , across the Rhine from the seat of the European Parliament in the city of Strasbourg , located on French soil and avoided by Puigdemont . Judge Pablo Llarena has reactivated a detention order of Puigdemont both in Europe and also reactivated an international detention order of Puigdemont in October 2019 . On 20 December 2019 , Puigdemont was accredited as an MEP after a ruling from the European Court of Justice said that he was permitted to take on his role as MEP . Puigdemont and Comín attended their first EP session on 13 January 2020 as non-attached members . Puigdemont first intervention dealt with a defense of the right of self-determination . Both MEPs asked to join the Greens–European Free Alliance ( EU parliament party political group ) co-president Philippe Lamberts acknowledged the group considered the request a problem for them and , while entertaining internal debate in order to decide on the issue , Lamberts deemed the most logical outcome would be for them to join the group to which their best Belgian friends ( the N-VA ) belong . Also in January 2020 , Spanish Supreme Court judge Manuel Marchena proceeded to file an application before EP President David Sassoli in order to revoke the immunity of Puigdemont and Comín . Later in January 2020 , just hours before the scheduled internal vote among the Greens/ALE MEPs on the request filed by Puigdemont and Comín to join the Greens/ALE group , both Puigdemont and Comín withdrew their application . On 30 April 2021 , Morocco granted Puigdemont asylum . According to a source from the Moroccan foreign ministry , the decision was made in due to the principle of reciprocity to host the Catalan independence leader after Sahrawi President Brahim Ghali was allowed to go to Spain to get treated for COVID-19 . Ideology and positions . One of the founders of the youth organization of the right-of-centre Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) in the province of Girona , Puigdemont has associated himself since then with the most staunchly pro-independence faction in the party . His tenure as Mayor in Girona was characterised by liberal economic policies . In 2017 , he considered the European Union to be a club of decadent and obsolescent countries that was controlled by a small few , also suggesting that Catalonia should be allowed to vote on its exit from the EU if Catalans wanted it . Although he openly supports the EU and Euro , he has supported the idea that we should work to change it . He has rejected a EU which does not protect human rights and the right of representation . He has denied being europhobic and he has referred to himself and his party not as eurosceptic but as euro-demanding . Personal life . Puigdemont married Romanian journalist Marcela Topor in 2000 . They have two daughters , Magali and Maria , and live in Girona . He speaks Catalan , English , French , Romanian and Spanish . Puigdemont is a supporter of Girona FC and FC Barcelona and plays rock guitar and the electric piano . As a youngster Puigdemont played bass in a short-lived Catalan rock band formed about 1980 . On 2 February 2018 , the Belgian commune of Waterloo confirmed that he had rented a villa and planned to establish his official residence there . References . - Informational notes - Citations External links . - Catalan Parliament profile ( archive ) - European Parliament profile - Generalitat de Catalunya . Govern de la República
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó ( ; born 29 December 1962 ) is a Catalan pro-independence politician and journalist from Spain . Since 2019 he has served as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . A former Mayor of Girona , Puigdemont served as the 130th President of Catalonia from 2016 to 2017 when he was removed from office by the Spanish Government following the unilateral Catalan declaration of independence . He is co-founder of the National Call for the Republic ( CNxR ) , leader of the Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance and founder",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "of the Together for Catalonia party .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "After education in Amer and Girona , he became a journalist in 1982 , writing for various local publications and becoming editor-in-chief of El Punt . He was director of the Catalan News Agency from 1999 to 2002 and director of Gironas House of Culture from 2002 to 2004 . Puigdemonts family were supporters of Catalan independence and Puigdemont became involved in politics as a teenager , joining the nationalist Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , the predecessor to the PDeCAT , in 1980 . He gave up journalism to pursue a career in politics in 2006 when",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "he was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Girona . He was elected to the Municipality Council of Girona in 2007 and in 2011 he became Mayor of Girona . On 10 January 2016 , following an agreement between the Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) , an electoral alliance led by the CDC , and the Popular Unity Candidacy ( CUP ) , the Parliament of Catalonia elected Puigdemont as the 130th President of the Government of Catalonia .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "On 6–7 September 2017 , he approved laws for permitting an independence referendum , and the juridical transition and foundation of a Republic , a new constitution for Catalonia that would be in place if the referendum supported independence . On 1 October 2017 , the Catalan independence referendum was held in Catalonia despite Spains Constitutional Court ruling that it breached the Spanish constitution . Despite the closing of polling stations and the use of excessive force by Spanish Police 43% of Catalan citizens managed to vote in the referendum , 92% of them supporting independence . The Catalan Parliament",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "declared independence on 27 October 2017 which resulted in the Spanish government imposing direct rule on Catalonia , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government . The Catalan Parliament was dissolved and the 2017 Catalan regional election was held . On 30 October 2017 charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds were brought against Puigdemont and other members of the Puigdemont Government . Puigdemont , along with others , fled to Belgium and European Arrest Warrants ( EAW ) were issued against them . At the regional elections held on 21 December 2017 Puigdemont was re-elected to Parliament",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "and Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority . Official results shown an actual support for independence of 47.6% versus a 43.5% that voted against independence parties , the rest being non-aligned parties and blank votes . Puigdemont called for fresh talks with the then Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy but these were rejected .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont remained in Belgium to avoid arrest if he returned to Spain , with this situation being defined as exile by some , self-imposed exile by some others , and also as fugitive from justice . On 25 March 2018 , he was detained by the Autobahnpolizei ( highway patrol ) acting on his European Arrest Warrant in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein . He was released on bail , with the state high court deciding he could not be extradited for rebellion as German law does not coincide with Spanish law on the definition thereof , a requirement",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "of his EAW . On 10 July 2018 a Spanish Supreme Court judge suspended him as a deputy in the Catalan parliament . On 12 July 2018 , a German court decided that he could be extradited back to Spain for misuse of public funds , but not for the more serious charge of rebellion . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Following the German court decision , on 19 July 2018 , Spain dropped the European arrest warrants against Puigdemont and other Catalan officials in self-exile .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont was born on 29 December 1962 in Amer , a village in the comarca of la Selva in the province of Girona in north-eastern Catalonia , Spain . The son of Francesc Xavier Puigdemont i Oliveras , a baker , and Francescs wife Núria Casamajó i Ruiz , he is the second of eight brothers . Puigdemonts maternal grandmother was Andalusian . Puigdemonts grandfather , who fought in the Spanish Civil War before fleeing to France , founded the Pastisseria Puigdemont in 1928 . The Puigdemont family still own the bakery located in Amers main square . Puigdemonts great-grandfather",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "and his uncle Josep Puigdemont were mayors of Amer and were supporters of Catalan independence , as was Puigdemonts father Xavier .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont received basic education in Amer before , aged nine , he was sent to study at the Church-run Santa Maria del Collell boarding school in Girona where he was taught in Spanish and learned to be a fighter . At the age of 16 he was already a reporter for the Diari de Girona newspaper , writing articles on football and other news .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "As a teenager Puigdemont attended political meetings with his uncle Josep and helped found the Nationalist Youth of Catalonia . In 1980 he joined the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , a conservative Catalan nationalist political party , now known as the Catalan European Democratic Party ( PDeCAT ) .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": " After school Puigdemont joined the University College of Girona to study Catalan philology but dropped out to pursue a career in journalism . In 1983 , aged 21 , Puigdemont was involved in a car accident which left him seriously injured and with a slight scar on his face . It has been suggested that this explains his Beatle haircut but friends deny this .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont joined the El Punt , a pro-independence Catalan language newspaper , as a journalist in 1982 . He rose through the ranks to become the papers editor-in-chief . He also wrote a weekly column for the Presència magazine . He is a member of the Catalan Journalists Association .",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1988 , Puigdemont started collecting references about Catalonia in the international press , material that resulted in the publication of the 1994 book Cata.. . què ? Catalunya vista per la premsa internacional ( Cata...what ? Catalonia as seen by the foreign press ) . During the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona Puigdemont was a member of an organisation supporting Catalan nationalists detained as part of Operation Garzón .",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": "In the 1990s Puigdemont took a year off work to study linguistic policies elsewhere in Europe . As a result , he started working on application of new technologies in the provision of news and founded the Catalan News Agency ( ACN ) which was established by the Generalitat de Catalunya in 1999 . Puigdemont also founded Catalonia Today , an English-language magazine . Puigdemont was director of ACN until 2002 , when the then-president of the Diputació de Girona , Carles Pàramo , offered him the position of director of the Girona cultural centre , the Casa de Cultura",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": ", a position he held until 2004 .",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont left journalism to devote himself fully to politics in 2006 when the Convergence and Union ( CiU ) electoral alliance invited him to be a candidate for the Parliament of Catalonia . Puigdemont contested the 2006 regional election as a CiU candidate in the Province of Girona and was elected . He was re-elected at the 2010 , 2012 and 2015 regional elections , the latter as a Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) electoral alliance candidate .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont contested the 2007 local elections as a CiU candidate in Girona and was elected but the CiU remained in opposition . At the 2011 local elections , in which Puigdemont we re-elected , the CiU ended the Socialistss 32-year rule in Girona . Puigdemont became Mayor of Girona . He was re-elected at the 2015 local elections . He was a member of Executive Committee of the Association of Municipalities for Independence and in July 2015 succeeded Josep Maria Vila dAbadal as its chair .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Following a last-minute agreement between pro-Catalan independence parties Junts pel Sí and Popular Unity Candidacy to replace Artur Mas due in part to the various alleged cases of corruption and the austerity cuts under his government , Puigdemont was elected the 130th President of Catalonia on 10 January 2016 . He resigned as Mayor of Girona on 11 January 2016 as no-one is allowed to be a regional president and a municipal mayor at the same time . He was the first President of Catalonia to refuse to take the oath of loyalty to the Spanish constitution and the Spanish",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "monarch .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In June 2017 Puigdemont announced that the Catalan independence referendum would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by opponents of secessionism and turnout was",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "only 43% . Among those who voted 92% supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum .",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Audiencia Nacional against Puigdemont and other members of the Catalan government",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": ". The charges carry maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively .",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont and five other Catalan ministers ( Dolors Bassa , Meritxell Borrás , Antoni Comín , Joaquim Forn and Meritxell Serret ) arrived in Belgium on 30 October 2017 . According to Spanish media the group had driven to Marseille shortly after the charges were laid before the Audiencia Nacional and from there flown to Brussels . Puigdemont claimed that he had gone to the capital of Europe to speak from a position of freedom and safety and that he would not return to Spain unless he was guaranteed a fair trial . Earlier Belgiums Secretary of State for Asylum",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": ", Migration and Administrative Simplification Theo Francken had stated that prospect of Puigdemont being granted asylum was not unrealistic .",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "On 3 November 2017 a Spanish judge issued European Arrest Warrants against Comín , Clara Ponsatí i Obiols , Lluís Puig , Puigdemont and Serret after they failed to attend a high court hearing in Madrid the previous day . On 5 November 2017 the five politicians , accompanied by their lawyers , surrendered to the Belgian police but after a ten-hour hearing a Belgian judge released them all on bail . They were ordered not to leave Belgium without permission and had to provide details of their accommodation . On 5 December 2017 the Supreme Court of Spain withdrew",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "the European Arrest Warrant ( EAW ) against Puigdemont and four others stating that EAW were not valid for alleged crimes committed by a wider group of people , e.g . the Catalan government . But judge warned that the national arrest warrants remain valid , meaning that the group risked arrest if they returned to Spain .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "While remaining self-exiled , Puigdemont contested the 2017 regional election as a Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to Parliament . At the election Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority in the Catalan Parliament . After the election Puigdemont called for new unconditional talks with the Spanish government and that he was willing to meet Rajoy outside of Spain . Rajoy rejected the offer , saying that he was only willing to speak with the leader of the Catalan government , whom he considered to be Inés Arrimadas ,",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "leader of the unionist Citizens , the largest single party in the Catalan Parliament .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " On 1 March 2018 , Puigdemont was hoping to be selected by the Catalan Parliament as President of Catalonia again , but the Catalan Parliament heeded warnings from Spains judiciary and postponed the session in which Puigdemont could be selected . Subsequently , Puigdemont announced that he was no longer seeking re-election as leader of Catalonia . Later he announced the creation of a government-in-exile organization named Council of the Republic .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "On 25 March 2018 , while returning to Brussels from a trip to Finland , Puigdemont was stopped in Germany near the Danish border and arrested pursuant to the European warrant that had been reissued against him two days previously . On 5 April 2018 , the Oberlandesgericht ( Higher State Court ) in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein ruled that Puigdemont would not be extradited on charges of rebellion , and released him on bail while deliberating about the extradition on charges of misuse of public funds . According to that decision , Puigdemont was required to report to",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "police once a week and could not leave Germany without permission of the public prosecutor .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " After his release , Puigdemont called on Spains government to release Catalan separatists from imprisonment and establish a dialog with them .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "On 12 July 2018 the higher court in Schleswig-Holstein confirmed that Puigdemont could not be extradited by the crime of rebellion , but may still be extradited based on charges of misuse of public funds . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Ultimately , though , Spain dropped its European arrest warrant , ending the extradition attempt . Puigdemont was once again free to travel , and chose to return to Belgium .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " In January 2019 Puigdemont filed a constitutional application for amparo directed against the president of the Catalan parliament , Roger Torrent and the Board of the Chamber . The complaint , presented to the Spanish Constitutional Court , argued Puigdemont had been denied the use of his political rights as Torrent did not allow him to delegate his vote from Belgium after Puigdemonts criminal indictment and suspension of his parliamentary condition by Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Following the April 2019 arrest of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian Embassy in London , Puigdemont said that Human rights , and especially freedom of expression , are under attack once again in Europe .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont ran 1st in the list for the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain and he was elected member of the European Parliament . However , he refused to attend the act of observance of the Spanish Constitution before the Junta Electoral Central in Madrid , a requirement to acquire a certificate as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . The consequential absence of Puigdemont and Toni Comín in the list of certificated Spanish MEPs was communicated to them by the President of the European Parliament Antonio Tajani through a letter ; the letter also explained that",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": ", therefore , he could not address them as MEPs . Puigdemont and Comín filed a request before the General Court of the European Union asking for precautionary measures against the decision of the European Parliament , which was dismissed . He spent much of the inaugural session of the European Parliament on 2 July 2019 in the German city of Kehl , across the Rhine from the seat of the European Parliament in the city of Strasbourg , located on French soil and avoided by Puigdemont . Judge Pablo Llarena has reactivated a detention order of Puigdemont both in",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Europe and also reactivated an international detention order of Puigdemont in October 2019 .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " On 20 December 2019 , Puigdemont was accredited as an MEP after a ruling from the European Court of Justice said that he was permitted to take on his role as MEP .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont and Comín attended their first EP session on 13 January 2020 as non-attached members . Puigdemont first intervention dealt with a defense of the right of self-determination . Both MEPs asked to join the Greens–European Free Alliance ( EU parliament party political group ) co-president Philippe Lamberts acknowledged the group considered the request a problem for them and , while entertaining internal debate in order to decide on the issue , Lamberts deemed the most logical outcome would be for them to join the group to which their best Belgian friends ( the N-VA ) belong . Also in",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "January 2020 , Spanish Supreme Court judge Manuel Marchena proceeded to file an application before EP President David Sassoli in order to revoke the immunity of Puigdemont and Comín .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " Later in January 2020 , just hours before the scheduled internal vote among the Greens/ALE MEPs on the request filed by Puigdemont and Comín to join the Greens/ALE group , both Puigdemont and Comín withdrew their application . On 30 April 2021 , Morocco granted Puigdemont asylum . According to a source from the Moroccan foreign ministry , the decision was made in due to the principle of reciprocity to host the Catalan independence leader after Sahrawi President Brahim Ghali was allowed to go to Spain to get treated for COVID-19 .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "One of the founders of the youth organization of the right-of-centre Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) in the province of Girona , Puigdemont has associated himself since then with the most staunchly pro-independence faction in the party . His tenure as Mayor in Girona was characterised by liberal economic policies . In 2017 , he considered the European Union to be a club of decadent and obsolescent countries that was controlled by a small few , also suggesting that Catalonia should be allowed to vote on its exit from the EU if Catalans wanted it . Although he",
"title": "Ideology and positions"
},
{
"text": "openly supports the EU and Euro , he has supported the idea that we should work to change it . He has rejected a EU which does not protect human rights and the right of representation . He has denied being europhobic and he has referred to himself and his party not as eurosceptic but as euro-demanding .",
"title": "Ideology and positions"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont married Romanian journalist Marcela Topor in 2000 . They have two daughters , Magali and Maria , and live in Girona . He speaks Catalan , English , French , Romanian and Spanish . Puigdemont is a supporter of Girona FC and FC Barcelona and plays rock guitar and the electric piano . As a youngster Puigdemont played bass in a short-lived Catalan rock band formed about 1980 . On 2 February 2018 , the Belgian commune of Waterloo confirmed that he had rented a villa and planned to establish his official residence there .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Catalan Parliament profile ( archive ) - European Parliament profile - Generalitat de Catalunya . Govern de la República",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Carles_Puigdemont#P1416#2
|
What was Carles Puigdemont afflicted to between Sep 2019 and Nov 2019?
|
Carles Puigdemont Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó ( ; born 29 December 1962 ) is a Catalan pro-independence politician and journalist from Spain . Since 2019 he has served as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . A former Mayor of Girona , Puigdemont served as the 130th President of Catalonia from 2016 to 2017 when he was removed from office by the Spanish Government following the unilateral Catalan declaration of independence . He is co-founder of the National Call for the Republic ( CNxR ) , leader of the Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance and founder of the Together for Catalonia party . After education in Amer and Girona , he became a journalist in 1982 , writing for various local publications and becoming editor-in-chief of El Punt . He was director of the Catalan News Agency from 1999 to 2002 and director of Gironas House of Culture from 2002 to 2004 . Puigdemonts family were supporters of Catalan independence and Puigdemont became involved in politics as a teenager , joining the nationalist Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , the predecessor to the PDeCAT , in 1980 . He gave up journalism to pursue a career in politics in 2006 when he was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Girona . He was elected to the Municipality Council of Girona in 2007 and in 2011 he became Mayor of Girona . On 10 January 2016 , following an agreement between the Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) , an electoral alliance led by the CDC , and the Popular Unity Candidacy ( CUP ) , the Parliament of Catalonia elected Puigdemont as the 130th President of the Government of Catalonia . On 6–7 September 2017 , he approved laws for permitting an independence referendum , and the juridical transition and foundation of a Republic , a new constitution for Catalonia that would be in place if the referendum supported independence . On 1 October 2017 , the Catalan independence referendum was held in Catalonia despite Spains Constitutional Court ruling that it breached the Spanish constitution . Despite the closing of polling stations and the use of excessive force by Spanish Police 43% of Catalan citizens managed to vote in the referendum , 92% of them supporting independence . The Catalan Parliament declared independence on 27 October 2017 which resulted in the Spanish government imposing direct rule on Catalonia , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government . The Catalan Parliament was dissolved and the 2017 Catalan regional election was held . On 30 October 2017 charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds were brought against Puigdemont and other members of the Puigdemont Government . Puigdemont , along with others , fled to Belgium and European Arrest Warrants ( EAW ) were issued against them . At the regional elections held on 21 December 2017 Puigdemont was re-elected to Parliament and Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority . Official results shown an actual support for independence of 47.6% versus a 43.5% that voted against independence parties , the rest being non-aligned parties and blank votes . Puigdemont called for fresh talks with the then Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy but these were rejected . Puigdemont remained in Belgium to avoid arrest if he returned to Spain , with this situation being defined as exile by some , self-imposed exile by some others , and also as fugitive from justice . On 25 March 2018 , he was detained by the Autobahnpolizei ( highway patrol ) acting on his European Arrest Warrant in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein . He was released on bail , with the state high court deciding he could not be extradited for rebellion as German law does not coincide with Spanish law on the definition thereof , a requirement of his EAW . On 10 July 2018 a Spanish Supreme Court judge suspended him as a deputy in the Catalan parliament . On 12 July 2018 , a German court decided that he could be extradited back to Spain for misuse of public funds , but not for the more serious charge of rebellion . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Following the German court decision , on 19 July 2018 , Spain dropped the European arrest warrants against Puigdemont and other Catalan officials in self-exile . Early life and family . Puigdemont was born on 29 December 1962 in Amer , a village in the comarca of la Selva in the province of Girona in north-eastern Catalonia , Spain . The son of Francesc Xavier Puigdemont i Oliveras , a baker , and Francescs wife Núria Casamajó i Ruiz , he is the second of eight brothers . Puigdemonts maternal grandmother was Andalusian . Puigdemonts grandfather , who fought in the Spanish Civil War before fleeing to France , founded the Pastisseria Puigdemont in 1928 . The Puigdemont family still own the bakery located in Amers main square . Puigdemonts great-grandfather and his uncle Josep Puigdemont were mayors of Amer and were supporters of Catalan independence , as was Puigdemonts father Xavier . Puigdemont received basic education in Amer before , aged nine , he was sent to study at the Church-run Santa Maria del Collell boarding school in Girona where he was taught in Spanish and learned to be a fighter . At the age of 16 he was already a reporter for the Diari de Girona newspaper , writing articles on football and other news . As a teenager Puigdemont attended political meetings with his uncle Josep and helped found the Nationalist Youth of Catalonia . In 1980 he joined the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , a conservative Catalan nationalist political party , now known as the Catalan European Democratic Party ( PDeCAT ) . After school Puigdemont joined the University College of Girona to study Catalan philology but dropped out to pursue a career in journalism . In 1983 , aged 21 , Puigdemont was involved in a car accident which left him seriously injured and with a slight scar on his face . It has been suggested that this explains his Beatle haircut but friends deny this . Journalism career . Puigdemont joined the El Punt , a pro-independence Catalan language newspaper , as a journalist in 1982 . He rose through the ranks to become the papers editor-in-chief . He also wrote a weekly column for the Presència magazine . He is a member of the Catalan Journalists Association . Beginning in 1988 , Puigdemont started collecting references about Catalonia in the international press , material that resulted in the publication of the 1994 book Cata.. . què ? Catalunya vista per la premsa internacional ( Cata...what ? Catalonia as seen by the foreign press ) . During the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona Puigdemont was a member of an organisation supporting Catalan nationalists detained as part of Operation Garzón . In the 1990s Puigdemont took a year off work to study linguistic policies elsewhere in Europe . As a result , he started working on application of new technologies in the provision of news and founded the Catalan News Agency ( ACN ) which was established by the Generalitat de Catalunya in 1999 . Puigdemont also founded Catalonia Today , an English-language magazine . Puigdemont was director of ACN until 2002 , when the then-president of the Diputació de Girona , Carles Pàramo , offered him the position of director of the Girona cultural centre , the Casa de Cultura , a position he held until 2004 . Political career . Puigdemont left journalism to devote himself fully to politics in 2006 when the Convergence and Union ( CiU ) electoral alliance invited him to be a candidate for the Parliament of Catalonia . Puigdemont contested the 2006 regional election as a CiU candidate in the Province of Girona and was elected . He was re-elected at the 2010 , 2012 and 2015 regional elections , the latter as a Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) electoral alliance candidate . Puigdemont contested the 2007 local elections as a CiU candidate in Girona and was elected but the CiU remained in opposition . At the 2011 local elections , in which Puigdemont we re-elected , the CiU ended the Socialistss 32-year rule in Girona . Puigdemont became Mayor of Girona . He was re-elected at the 2015 local elections . He was a member of Executive Committee of the Association of Municipalities for Independence and in July 2015 succeeded Josep Maria Vila dAbadal as its chair . Following a last-minute agreement between pro-Catalan independence parties Junts pel Sí and Popular Unity Candidacy to replace Artur Mas due in part to the various alleged cases of corruption and the austerity cuts under his government , Puigdemont was elected the 130th President of Catalonia on 10 January 2016 . He resigned as Mayor of Girona on 11 January 2016 as no-one is allowed to be a regional president and a municipal mayor at the same time . He was the first President of Catalonia to refuse to take the oath of loyalty to the Spanish constitution and the Spanish monarch . Constitutional crisis . In June 2017 Puigdemont announced that the Catalan independence referendum would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by opponents of secessionism and turnout was only 43% . Among those who voted 92% supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum . On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Audiencia Nacional against Puigdemont and other members of the Catalan government . The charges carry maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively . Puigdemont and five other Catalan ministers ( Dolors Bassa , Meritxell Borrás , Antoni Comín , Joaquim Forn and Meritxell Serret ) arrived in Belgium on 30 October 2017 . According to Spanish media the group had driven to Marseille shortly after the charges were laid before the Audiencia Nacional and from there flown to Brussels . Puigdemont claimed that he had gone to the capital of Europe to speak from a position of freedom and safety and that he would not return to Spain unless he was guaranteed a fair trial . Earlier Belgiums Secretary of State for Asylum , Migration and Administrative Simplification Theo Francken had stated that prospect of Puigdemont being granted asylum was not unrealistic . Exile . On 3 November 2017 a Spanish judge issued European Arrest Warrants against Comín , Clara Ponsatí i Obiols , Lluís Puig , Puigdemont and Serret after they failed to attend a high court hearing in Madrid the previous day . On 5 November 2017 the five politicians , accompanied by their lawyers , surrendered to the Belgian police but after a ten-hour hearing a Belgian judge released them all on bail . They were ordered not to leave Belgium without permission and had to provide details of their accommodation . On 5 December 2017 the Supreme Court of Spain withdrew the European Arrest Warrant ( EAW ) against Puigdemont and four others stating that EAW were not valid for alleged crimes committed by a wider group of people , e.g . the Catalan government . But judge warned that the national arrest warrants remain valid , meaning that the group risked arrest if they returned to Spain . While remaining self-exiled , Puigdemont contested the 2017 regional election as a Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to Parliament . At the election Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority in the Catalan Parliament . After the election Puigdemont called for new unconditional talks with the Spanish government and that he was willing to meet Rajoy outside of Spain . Rajoy rejected the offer , saying that he was only willing to speak with the leader of the Catalan government , whom he considered to be Inés Arrimadas , leader of the unionist Citizens , the largest single party in the Catalan Parliament . On 1 March 2018 , Puigdemont was hoping to be selected by the Catalan Parliament as President of Catalonia again , but the Catalan Parliament heeded warnings from Spains judiciary and postponed the session in which Puigdemont could be selected . Subsequently , Puigdemont announced that he was no longer seeking re-election as leader of Catalonia . Later he announced the creation of a government-in-exile organization named Council of the Republic . On 25 March 2018 , while returning to Brussels from a trip to Finland , Puigdemont was stopped in Germany near the Danish border and arrested pursuant to the European warrant that had been reissued against him two days previously . On 5 April 2018 , the Oberlandesgericht ( Higher State Court ) in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein ruled that Puigdemont would not be extradited on charges of rebellion , and released him on bail while deliberating about the extradition on charges of misuse of public funds . According to that decision , Puigdemont was required to report to police once a week and could not leave Germany without permission of the public prosecutor . After his release , Puigdemont called on Spains government to release Catalan separatists from imprisonment and establish a dialog with them . On 12 July 2018 the higher court in Schleswig-Holstein confirmed that Puigdemont could not be extradited by the crime of rebellion , but may still be extradited based on charges of misuse of public funds . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Ultimately , though , Spain dropped its European arrest warrant , ending the extradition attempt . Puigdemont was once again free to travel , and chose to return to Belgium . In January 2019 Puigdemont filed a constitutional application for amparo directed against the president of the Catalan parliament , Roger Torrent and the Board of the Chamber . The complaint , presented to the Spanish Constitutional Court , argued Puigdemont had been denied the use of his political rights as Torrent did not allow him to delegate his vote from Belgium after Puigdemonts criminal indictment and suspension of his parliamentary condition by Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena . Following the April 2019 arrest of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian Embassy in London , Puigdemont said that Human rights , and especially freedom of expression , are under attack once again in Europe . Puigdemont ran 1st in the list for the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain and he was elected member of the European Parliament . However , he refused to attend the act of observance of the Spanish Constitution before the Junta Electoral Central in Madrid , a requirement to acquire a certificate as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . The consequential absence of Puigdemont and Toni Comín in the list of certificated Spanish MEPs was communicated to them by the President of the European Parliament Antonio Tajani through a letter ; the letter also explained that , therefore , he could not address them as MEPs . Puigdemont and Comín filed a request before the General Court of the European Union asking for precautionary measures against the decision of the European Parliament , which was dismissed . He spent much of the inaugural session of the European Parliament on 2 July 2019 in the German city of Kehl , across the Rhine from the seat of the European Parliament in the city of Strasbourg , located on French soil and avoided by Puigdemont . Judge Pablo Llarena has reactivated a detention order of Puigdemont both in Europe and also reactivated an international detention order of Puigdemont in October 2019 . On 20 December 2019 , Puigdemont was accredited as an MEP after a ruling from the European Court of Justice said that he was permitted to take on his role as MEP . Puigdemont and Comín attended their first EP session on 13 January 2020 as non-attached members . Puigdemont first intervention dealt with a defense of the right of self-determination . Both MEPs asked to join the Greens–European Free Alliance ( EU parliament party political group ) co-president Philippe Lamberts acknowledged the group considered the request a problem for them and , while entertaining internal debate in order to decide on the issue , Lamberts deemed the most logical outcome would be for them to join the group to which their best Belgian friends ( the N-VA ) belong . Also in January 2020 , Spanish Supreme Court judge Manuel Marchena proceeded to file an application before EP President David Sassoli in order to revoke the immunity of Puigdemont and Comín . Later in January 2020 , just hours before the scheduled internal vote among the Greens/ALE MEPs on the request filed by Puigdemont and Comín to join the Greens/ALE group , both Puigdemont and Comín withdrew their application . On 30 April 2021 , Morocco granted Puigdemont asylum . According to a source from the Moroccan foreign ministry , the decision was made in due to the principle of reciprocity to host the Catalan independence leader after Sahrawi President Brahim Ghali was allowed to go to Spain to get treated for COVID-19 . Ideology and positions . One of the founders of the youth organization of the right-of-centre Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) in the province of Girona , Puigdemont has associated himself since then with the most staunchly pro-independence faction in the party . His tenure as Mayor in Girona was characterised by liberal economic policies . In 2017 , he considered the European Union to be a club of decadent and obsolescent countries that was controlled by a small few , also suggesting that Catalonia should be allowed to vote on its exit from the EU if Catalans wanted it . Although he openly supports the EU and Euro , he has supported the idea that we should work to change it . He has rejected a EU which does not protect human rights and the right of representation . He has denied being europhobic and he has referred to himself and his party not as eurosceptic but as euro-demanding . Personal life . Puigdemont married Romanian journalist Marcela Topor in 2000 . They have two daughters , Magali and Maria , and live in Girona . He speaks Catalan , English , French , Romanian and Spanish . Puigdemont is a supporter of Girona FC and FC Barcelona and plays rock guitar and the electric piano . As a youngster Puigdemont played bass in a short-lived Catalan rock band formed about 1980 . On 2 February 2018 , the Belgian commune of Waterloo confirmed that he had rented a villa and planned to establish his official residence there . References . - Informational notes - Citations External links . - Catalan Parliament profile ( archive ) - European Parliament profile - Generalitat de Catalunya . Govern de la República
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[
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[
{
"text": "Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó ( ; born 29 December 1962 ) is a Catalan pro-independence politician and journalist from Spain . Since 2019 he has served as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . A former Mayor of Girona , Puigdemont served as the 130th President of Catalonia from 2016 to 2017 when he was removed from office by the Spanish Government following the unilateral Catalan declaration of independence . He is co-founder of the National Call for the Republic ( CNxR ) , leader of the Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance and founder",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "of the Together for Catalonia party .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "After education in Amer and Girona , he became a journalist in 1982 , writing for various local publications and becoming editor-in-chief of El Punt . He was director of the Catalan News Agency from 1999 to 2002 and director of Gironas House of Culture from 2002 to 2004 . Puigdemonts family were supporters of Catalan independence and Puigdemont became involved in politics as a teenager , joining the nationalist Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , the predecessor to the PDeCAT , in 1980 . He gave up journalism to pursue a career in politics in 2006 when",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "he was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Girona . He was elected to the Municipality Council of Girona in 2007 and in 2011 he became Mayor of Girona . On 10 January 2016 , following an agreement between the Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) , an electoral alliance led by the CDC , and the Popular Unity Candidacy ( CUP ) , the Parliament of Catalonia elected Puigdemont as the 130th President of the Government of Catalonia .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "On 6–7 September 2017 , he approved laws for permitting an independence referendum , and the juridical transition and foundation of a Republic , a new constitution for Catalonia that would be in place if the referendum supported independence . On 1 October 2017 , the Catalan independence referendum was held in Catalonia despite Spains Constitutional Court ruling that it breached the Spanish constitution . Despite the closing of polling stations and the use of excessive force by Spanish Police 43% of Catalan citizens managed to vote in the referendum , 92% of them supporting independence . The Catalan Parliament",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "declared independence on 27 October 2017 which resulted in the Spanish government imposing direct rule on Catalonia , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government . The Catalan Parliament was dissolved and the 2017 Catalan regional election was held . On 30 October 2017 charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds were brought against Puigdemont and other members of the Puigdemont Government . Puigdemont , along with others , fled to Belgium and European Arrest Warrants ( EAW ) were issued against them . At the regional elections held on 21 December 2017 Puigdemont was re-elected to Parliament",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "and Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority . Official results shown an actual support for independence of 47.6% versus a 43.5% that voted against independence parties , the rest being non-aligned parties and blank votes . Puigdemont called for fresh talks with the then Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy but these were rejected .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont remained in Belgium to avoid arrest if he returned to Spain , with this situation being defined as exile by some , self-imposed exile by some others , and also as fugitive from justice . On 25 March 2018 , he was detained by the Autobahnpolizei ( highway patrol ) acting on his European Arrest Warrant in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein . He was released on bail , with the state high court deciding he could not be extradited for rebellion as German law does not coincide with Spanish law on the definition thereof , a requirement",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "of his EAW . On 10 July 2018 a Spanish Supreme Court judge suspended him as a deputy in the Catalan parliament . On 12 July 2018 , a German court decided that he could be extradited back to Spain for misuse of public funds , but not for the more serious charge of rebellion . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Following the German court decision , on 19 July 2018 , Spain dropped the European arrest warrants against Puigdemont and other Catalan officials in self-exile .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont was born on 29 December 1962 in Amer , a village in the comarca of la Selva in the province of Girona in north-eastern Catalonia , Spain . The son of Francesc Xavier Puigdemont i Oliveras , a baker , and Francescs wife Núria Casamajó i Ruiz , he is the second of eight brothers . Puigdemonts maternal grandmother was Andalusian . Puigdemonts grandfather , who fought in the Spanish Civil War before fleeing to France , founded the Pastisseria Puigdemont in 1928 . The Puigdemont family still own the bakery located in Amers main square . Puigdemonts great-grandfather",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "and his uncle Josep Puigdemont were mayors of Amer and were supporters of Catalan independence , as was Puigdemonts father Xavier .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont received basic education in Amer before , aged nine , he was sent to study at the Church-run Santa Maria del Collell boarding school in Girona where he was taught in Spanish and learned to be a fighter . At the age of 16 he was already a reporter for the Diari de Girona newspaper , writing articles on football and other news .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": "As a teenager Puigdemont attended political meetings with his uncle Josep and helped found the Nationalist Youth of Catalonia . In 1980 he joined the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) , a conservative Catalan nationalist political party , now known as the Catalan European Democratic Party ( PDeCAT ) .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": " After school Puigdemont joined the University College of Girona to study Catalan philology but dropped out to pursue a career in journalism . In 1983 , aged 21 , Puigdemont was involved in a car accident which left him seriously injured and with a slight scar on his face . It has been suggested that this explains his Beatle haircut but friends deny this .",
"title": "Carles Puigdemont"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont joined the El Punt , a pro-independence Catalan language newspaper , as a journalist in 1982 . He rose through the ranks to become the papers editor-in-chief . He also wrote a weekly column for the Presència magazine . He is a member of the Catalan Journalists Association .",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1988 , Puigdemont started collecting references about Catalonia in the international press , material that resulted in the publication of the 1994 book Cata.. . què ? Catalunya vista per la premsa internacional ( Cata...what ? Catalonia as seen by the foreign press ) . During the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona Puigdemont was a member of an organisation supporting Catalan nationalists detained as part of Operation Garzón .",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": "In the 1990s Puigdemont took a year off work to study linguistic policies elsewhere in Europe . As a result , he started working on application of new technologies in the provision of news and founded the Catalan News Agency ( ACN ) which was established by the Generalitat de Catalunya in 1999 . Puigdemont also founded Catalonia Today , an English-language magazine . Puigdemont was director of ACN until 2002 , when the then-president of the Diputació de Girona , Carles Pàramo , offered him the position of director of the Girona cultural centre , the Casa de Cultura",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": ", a position he held until 2004 .",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont left journalism to devote himself fully to politics in 2006 when the Convergence and Union ( CiU ) electoral alliance invited him to be a candidate for the Parliament of Catalonia . Puigdemont contested the 2006 regional election as a CiU candidate in the Province of Girona and was elected . He was re-elected at the 2010 , 2012 and 2015 regional elections , the latter as a Junts pel Sí ( JxSí ) electoral alliance candidate .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont contested the 2007 local elections as a CiU candidate in Girona and was elected but the CiU remained in opposition . At the 2011 local elections , in which Puigdemont we re-elected , the CiU ended the Socialistss 32-year rule in Girona . Puigdemont became Mayor of Girona . He was re-elected at the 2015 local elections . He was a member of Executive Committee of the Association of Municipalities for Independence and in July 2015 succeeded Josep Maria Vila dAbadal as its chair .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Following a last-minute agreement between pro-Catalan independence parties Junts pel Sí and Popular Unity Candidacy to replace Artur Mas due in part to the various alleged cases of corruption and the austerity cuts under his government , Puigdemont was elected the 130th President of Catalonia on 10 January 2016 . He resigned as Mayor of Girona on 11 January 2016 as no-one is allowed to be a regional president and a municipal mayor at the same time . He was the first President of Catalonia to refuse to take the oath of loyalty to the Spanish constitution and the Spanish",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "monarch .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In June 2017 Puigdemont announced that the Catalan independence referendum would be held on 1 October 2017 . The Catalan Parliament passed legislation on 6 September 2017 authorising the referendum which would be binding and based on a simple majority without a minimum threshold . The following day Constitutional Court of Spain suspended the legislation , blocking the referendum . The Spanish government put into effect Operation Anubis in order to disrupt the organisation of the referendum and arrested Catalan government officials . Despite this the referendum went ahead though it was boycotted by opponents of secessionism and turnout was",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "only 43% . Among those who voted 92% supported independence . Around 900 people were injured as the Spanish police used violence to try to prevent voting in the referendum .",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in a vote boycotted by opposition MPs . Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution , dismissing Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017 . On 30 October 2017 Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza laid charges of rebellion , sedition and misuse of public funds at the Audiencia Nacional against Puigdemont and other members of the Catalan government",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": ". The charges carry maximum sentences of 30 , 15 and 6 years in prison respectively .",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont and five other Catalan ministers ( Dolors Bassa , Meritxell Borrás , Antoni Comín , Joaquim Forn and Meritxell Serret ) arrived in Belgium on 30 October 2017 . According to Spanish media the group had driven to Marseille shortly after the charges were laid before the Audiencia Nacional and from there flown to Brussels . Puigdemont claimed that he had gone to the capital of Europe to speak from a position of freedom and safety and that he would not return to Spain unless he was guaranteed a fair trial . Earlier Belgiums Secretary of State for Asylum",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": ", Migration and Administrative Simplification Theo Francken had stated that prospect of Puigdemont being granted asylum was not unrealistic .",
"title": "Constitutional crisis"
},
{
"text": "On 3 November 2017 a Spanish judge issued European Arrest Warrants against Comín , Clara Ponsatí i Obiols , Lluís Puig , Puigdemont and Serret after they failed to attend a high court hearing in Madrid the previous day . On 5 November 2017 the five politicians , accompanied by their lawyers , surrendered to the Belgian police but after a ten-hour hearing a Belgian judge released them all on bail . They were ordered not to leave Belgium without permission and had to provide details of their accommodation . On 5 December 2017 the Supreme Court of Spain withdrew",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "the European Arrest Warrant ( EAW ) against Puigdemont and four others stating that EAW were not valid for alleged crimes committed by a wider group of people , e.g . the Catalan government . But judge warned that the national arrest warrants remain valid , meaning that the group risked arrest if they returned to Spain .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "While remaining self-exiled , Puigdemont contested the 2017 regional election as a Together for Catalonia ( JuntsxCat ) electoral alliance candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was re-elected to Parliament . At the election Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority in the Catalan Parliament . After the election Puigdemont called for new unconditional talks with the Spanish government and that he was willing to meet Rajoy outside of Spain . Rajoy rejected the offer , saying that he was only willing to speak with the leader of the Catalan government , whom he considered to be Inés Arrimadas ,",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "leader of the unionist Citizens , the largest single party in the Catalan Parliament .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " On 1 March 2018 , Puigdemont was hoping to be selected by the Catalan Parliament as President of Catalonia again , but the Catalan Parliament heeded warnings from Spains judiciary and postponed the session in which Puigdemont could be selected . Subsequently , Puigdemont announced that he was no longer seeking re-election as leader of Catalonia . Later he announced the creation of a government-in-exile organization named Council of the Republic .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "On 25 March 2018 , while returning to Brussels from a trip to Finland , Puigdemont was stopped in Germany near the Danish border and arrested pursuant to the European warrant that had been reissued against him two days previously . On 5 April 2018 , the Oberlandesgericht ( Higher State Court ) in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein ruled that Puigdemont would not be extradited on charges of rebellion , and released him on bail while deliberating about the extradition on charges of misuse of public funds . According to that decision , Puigdemont was required to report to",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "police once a week and could not leave Germany without permission of the public prosecutor .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " After his release , Puigdemont called on Spains government to release Catalan separatists from imprisonment and establish a dialog with them .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "On 12 July 2018 the higher court in Schleswig-Holstein confirmed that Puigdemont could not be extradited by the crime of rebellion , but may still be extradited based on charges of misuse of public funds . Puigdemonts legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him . Ultimately , though , Spain dropped its European arrest warrant , ending the extradition attempt . Puigdemont was once again free to travel , and chose to return to Belgium .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " In January 2019 Puigdemont filed a constitutional application for amparo directed against the president of the Catalan parliament , Roger Torrent and the Board of the Chamber . The complaint , presented to the Spanish Constitutional Court , argued Puigdemont had been denied the use of his political rights as Torrent did not allow him to delegate his vote from Belgium after Puigdemonts criminal indictment and suspension of his parliamentary condition by Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Following the April 2019 arrest of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian Embassy in London , Puigdemont said that Human rights , and especially freedom of expression , are under attack once again in Europe .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont ran 1st in the list for the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain and he was elected member of the European Parliament . However , he refused to attend the act of observance of the Spanish Constitution before the Junta Electoral Central in Madrid , a requirement to acquire a certificate as a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) . The consequential absence of Puigdemont and Toni Comín in the list of certificated Spanish MEPs was communicated to them by the President of the European Parliament Antonio Tajani through a letter ; the letter also explained that",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": ", therefore , he could not address them as MEPs . Puigdemont and Comín filed a request before the General Court of the European Union asking for precautionary measures against the decision of the European Parliament , which was dismissed . He spent much of the inaugural session of the European Parliament on 2 July 2019 in the German city of Kehl , across the Rhine from the seat of the European Parliament in the city of Strasbourg , located on French soil and avoided by Puigdemont . Judge Pablo Llarena has reactivated a detention order of Puigdemont both in",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Europe and also reactivated an international detention order of Puigdemont in October 2019 .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " On 20 December 2019 , Puigdemont was accredited as an MEP after a ruling from the European Court of Justice said that he was permitted to take on his role as MEP .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "Puigdemont and Comín attended their first EP session on 13 January 2020 as non-attached members . Puigdemont first intervention dealt with a defense of the right of self-determination . Both MEPs asked to join the Greens–European Free Alliance ( EU parliament party political group ) co-president Philippe Lamberts acknowledged the group considered the request a problem for them and , while entertaining internal debate in order to decide on the issue , Lamberts deemed the most logical outcome would be for them to join the group to which their best Belgian friends ( the N-VA ) belong . Also in",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "January 2020 , Spanish Supreme Court judge Manuel Marchena proceeded to file an application before EP President David Sassoli in order to revoke the immunity of Puigdemont and Comín .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": " Later in January 2020 , just hours before the scheduled internal vote among the Greens/ALE MEPs on the request filed by Puigdemont and Comín to join the Greens/ALE group , both Puigdemont and Comín withdrew their application . On 30 April 2021 , Morocco granted Puigdemont asylum . According to a source from the Moroccan foreign ministry , the decision was made in due to the principle of reciprocity to host the Catalan independence leader after Sahrawi President Brahim Ghali was allowed to go to Spain to get treated for COVID-19 .",
"title": "Exile"
},
{
"text": "One of the founders of the youth organization of the right-of-centre Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ( CDC ) in the province of Girona , Puigdemont has associated himself since then with the most staunchly pro-independence faction in the party . His tenure as Mayor in Girona was characterised by liberal economic policies . In 2017 , he considered the European Union to be a club of decadent and obsolescent countries that was controlled by a small few , also suggesting that Catalonia should be allowed to vote on its exit from the EU if Catalans wanted it . Although he",
"title": "Ideology and positions"
},
{
"text": "openly supports the EU and Euro , he has supported the idea that we should work to change it . He has rejected a EU which does not protect human rights and the right of representation . He has denied being europhobic and he has referred to himself and his party not as eurosceptic but as euro-demanding .",
"title": "Ideology and positions"
},
{
"text": " Puigdemont married Romanian journalist Marcela Topor in 2000 . They have two daughters , Magali and Maria , and live in Girona . He speaks Catalan , English , French , Romanian and Spanish . Puigdemont is a supporter of Girona FC and FC Barcelona and plays rock guitar and the electric piano . As a youngster Puigdemont played bass in a short-lived Catalan rock band formed about 1980 . On 2 February 2018 , the Belgian commune of Waterloo confirmed that he had rented a villa and planned to establish his official residence there .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Catalan Parliament profile ( archive ) - European Parliament profile - Generalitat de Catalunya . Govern de la República",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Roger_Allers#P551#0
|
What was the residence of Roger Allers in Jun 1974?
|
Roger Allers Roger Charles Allers ( born June 29 , 1949 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , storyboard artist , animator , and playwright . He is most well known for co-directing the highest-grossing traditionally animated film of all time , Disneys The Lion King , and for writing the Broadway adaptation of the same name . He also directed Sony Pictures Animations first feature-length animated film , Open Season . Life and career . Early life . Born in Rye , New York , but raised in Scottsdale , Arizona , Allers became a fan of animation , at the age of five , after seeing Disneys Peter Pan . Deciding that he wanted to pursue a career at Disney and even work alongside Walt Disney himself , a few years later , he was sent off to Disneyland for a do-it-yourself animation kit . However , Allers , by then a high school student , grew discouraged about achieving his dream when he heard of Walt Disneys death in 1966 . Despite not getting the chance to meet Walt Disney , Allers still pressed on to receive a Fine Arts degree from Arizona State University . However , when he attended a class at Harvard University , he realized his interest in animation had been revitalized . After receiving his degree in Fine Arts , he spent the next two years traveling and living in Greece . While there , he spent some time living in a cave , and eventually met Leslee , whom he later married . As a young adult , Allers accepted a job with Lisberger Studios , where he worked as an animator for projects such as Sesame Street , The Electric Company , Make a Wish , and various other commercials . In 1978 , he relocated to Los Angeles with Steven Lisberger to work on a feature film titled Animalympics to which he provided story work , character design and animation for the film . Three years later , Allers found work serving as part of the storyboard team for Tron , which was the first theatrical feature film he worked on . In 1980 , Allers and his family moved to Toronto , Canada , where he worked for Nelvana Studios as an animator on a feature titled Rock & Rule . Following a brief return to Los Angeles , Allers provided character design , preliminary animation , and story development for the Japanese-produced animated feature , . For the next two years , he resided in Tokyo to serve as an animation director overseeing the Japanese artists . Disney . Returning to Los Angeles in 1985 , he heard that Disney was looking for a storyboard artist to work on Oliver & Company . When he applied for the job , Allers was asked to draw some sample character model sheets as a tryout , and worked on a portfolio and was hired shortly thereafter . Since then , he served as a storyboard artist on The Little Mermaid , The Prince and the Pauper , and The Rescuers Down Under before he was appointed as Head of Story on Beauty and the Beast . When story work on Beauty and the Beast was finished , Allers assisted as a storyboard artist during the re-writing phase of Aladdin . In October 1991 , Allers signed on to co-direct King of the Jungle alongside its initial director George Scribner . Allers brought on board Brenda Chapman , who would become the head of story . Afterwards , several of the lead crew members , including Allers , Scribner , Don Hahn , Chapman , and production designer Chris Sanders , took a safari trip to Hells Gate National Park in Kenya , in order to study and gain an appreciation of the environment for the film . After six months of story development work , Scribner decided to leave the project , as he feuded with Allers and the producers on their decision to turn the film into a musical , as Scribners intention was to make a documentary-like film more focused on natural aspects . Following Scribners departure and dissatisfied with the original story , Allers along with Hahn , Sanders , Chapman , and Beauty and the Beast directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale conceived a new story outline for the film over the course of two days in February 1992 . In April 1992 , Allers was joined with Rob Minkoff who was assigned as co-director , and the title was changed to The Lion King . Following the release of The Lion King , Allers and writer Matthew Jacobs conceived the idea of Kingdom of the Sun , and development on the project went underway in 1994 . Meanwhile , Disney Theatrical Group had begun production on the Broadway musical production of The Lion King as they had done with Beauty and the Beast . At first skeptical , Allers joined the Broadway production team , and together with Lion King co-screenwriter Irene Mecchi , they wrote the libretto for which they were both nominated the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical while the musical eventually won the Tony Award for Best Musical . After nearly four years on Kingdom of the Sun , Allers asked to leave the project due to creative differences with co-director Mark Dindal , poorly received test screenings , and the failure to meet its promotional deadlines . Ultimately , the project was reworked into The Emperors New Groove , and Allers left to work on Lilo & Stitch as an additional story supervisor . In 2001 , he was approached by Hahn to direct the short film , The Little Matchgirl . The project underwent four years of work , as it was planned to be attached with the proposed Fantasia 2006 film , and was accompanied as a bonus feature on The Little Mermaid Platinum Edition DVD . Meanwhile , Allers pitched the Celtic folk ballad tale Tam Lin to Michael Eisner , who at the time was in a corporate struggle with Roy E . Disney . Once Eisner recognized the project as Disneys baby , he declined to green-light the project . Post-Disney . In May 2003 , it was announced that Allers and Brenda Chapman would direct Tam Lin for Sony Pictures Animation . However , one year later , Allers was recruited to serve as an additional director on Open Season alongside director Jill Culton and co-director Anthony Stacchi , featuring the voice talents of Martin Lawrence and Ashton Kutcher . In January 2012 , it was announced that Allers will oversee the narrative structure , as well as supervise the production of an animated adaptation of The Prophet . In May 2014 , a work-in-progress version of The Prophet was screened at the Cannes Film Festival , and was given a limited release in August 2015 . Personal life . Allers has a daughter , Leah , and a son , Aidan .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Roger Charles Allers ( born June 29 , 1949 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , storyboard artist , animator , and playwright . He is most well known for co-directing the highest-grossing traditionally animated film of all time , Disneys The Lion King , and for writing the Broadway adaptation of the same name . He also directed Sony Pictures Animations first feature-length animated film , Open Season .",
"title": "Roger Allers"
},
{
"text": " Born in Rye , New York , but raised in Scottsdale , Arizona , Allers became a fan of animation , at the age of five , after seeing Disneys Peter Pan . Deciding that he wanted to pursue a career at Disney and even work alongside Walt Disney himself , a few years later , he was sent off to Disneyland for a do-it-yourself animation kit . However , Allers , by then a high school student , grew discouraged about achieving his dream when he heard of Walt Disneys death in 1966 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Despite not getting the chance to meet Walt Disney , Allers still pressed on to receive a Fine Arts degree from Arizona State University . However , when he attended a class at Harvard University , he realized his interest in animation had been revitalized . After receiving his degree in Fine Arts , he spent the next two years traveling and living in Greece . While there , he spent some time living in a cave , and eventually met Leslee , whom he later married . As a young adult , Allers accepted a job with Lisberger Studios",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ", where he worked as an animator for projects such as Sesame Street , The Electric Company , Make a Wish , and various other commercials .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1978 , he relocated to Los Angeles with Steven Lisberger to work on a feature film titled Animalympics to which he provided story work , character design and animation for the film . Three years later , Allers found work serving as part of the storyboard team for Tron , which was the first theatrical feature film he worked on . In 1980 , Allers and his family moved to Toronto , Canada , where he worked for Nelvana Studios as an animator on a feature titled Rock & Rule . Following a brief return to Los Angeles ,",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Allers provided character design , preliminary animation , and story development for the Japanese-produced animated feature , . For the next two years , he resided in Tokyo to serve as an animation director overseeing the Japanese artists .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Returning to Los Angeles in 1985 , he heard that Disney was looking for a storyboard artist to work on Oliver & Company . When he applied for the job , Allers was asked to draw some sample character model sheets as a tryout , and worked on a portfolio and was hired shortly thereafter . Since then , he served as a storyboard artist on The Little Mermaid , The Prince and the Pauper , and The Rescuers Down Under before he was appointed as Head of Story on Beauty and the Beast . When story work on Beauty",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "and the Beast was finished , Allers assisted as a storyboard artist during the re-writing phase of Aladdin .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "In October 1991 , Allers signed on to co-direct King of the Jungle alongside its initial director George Scribner . Allers brought on board Brenda Chapman , who would become the head of story . Afterwards , several of the lead crew members , including Allers , Scribner , Don Hahn , Chapman , and production designer Chris Sanders , took a safari trip to Hells Gate National Park in Kenya , in order to study and gain an appreciation of the environment for the film . After six months of story development work , Scribner decided to leave the",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "project , as he feuded with Allers and the producers on their decision to turn the film into a musical , as Scribners intention was to make a documentary-like film more focused on natural aspects . Following Scribners departure and dissatisfied with the original story , Allers along with Hahn , Sanders , Chapman , and Beauty and the Beast directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale conceived a new story outline for the film over the course of two days in February 1992 . In April 1992 , Allers was joined with Rob Minkoff who was assigned as co-director ,",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "and the title was changed to The Lion King .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "Following the release of The Lion King , Allers and writer Matthew Jacobs conceived the idea of Kingdom of the Sun , and development on the project went underway in 1994 . Meanwhile , Disney Theatrical Group had begun production on the Broadway musical production of The Lion King as they had done with Beauty and the Beast . At first skeptical , Allers joined the Broadway production team , and together with Lion King co-screenwriter Irene Mecchi , they wrote the libretto for which they were both nominated the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical while the",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "musical eventually won the Tony Award for Best Musical . After nearly four years on Kingdom of the Sun , Allers asked to leave the project due to creative differences with co-director Mark Dindal , poorly received test screenings , and the failure to meet its promotional deadlines . Ultimately , the project was reworked into The Emperors New Groove , and Allers left to work on Lilo & Stitch as an additional story supervisor . In 2001 , he was approached by Hahn to direct the short film , The Little Matchgirl . The project underwent four years of",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "work , as it was planned to be attached with the proposed Fantasia 2006 film , and was accompanied as a bonus feature on The Little Mermaid Platinum Edition DVD .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": " Meanwhile , Allers pitched the Celtic folk ballad tale Tam Lin to Michael Eisner , who at the time was in a corporate struggle with Roy E . Disney . Once Eisner recognized the project as Disneys baby , he declined to green-light the project .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": " In May 2003 , it was announced that Allers and Brenda Chapman would direct Tam Lin for Sony Pictures Animation . However , one year later , Allers was recruited to serve as an additional director on Open Season alongside director Jill Culton and co-director Anthony Stacchi , featuring the voice talents of Martin Lawrence and Ashton Kutcher .",
"title": "Post-Disney"
},
{
"text": "In January 2012 , it was announced that Allers will oversee the narrative structure , as well as supervise the production of an animated adaptation of The Prophet . In May 2014 , a work-in-progress version of The Prophet was screened at the Cannes Film Festival , and was given a limited release in August 2015 .",
"title": "Post-Disney"
},
{
"text": " Allers has a daughter , Leah , and a son , Aidan .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Roger_Allers#P551#1
|
What was the residence of Roger Allers between Oct 1979 and Dec 1979?
|
Roger Allers Roger Charles Allers ( born June 29 , 1949 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , storyboard artist , animator , and playwright . He is most well known for co-directing the highest-grossing traditionally animated film of all time , Disneys The Lion King , and for writing the Broadway adaptation of the same name . He also directed Sony Pictures Animations first feature-length animated film , Open Season . Life and career . Early life . Born in Rye , New York , but raised in Scottsdale , Arizona , Allers became a fan of animation , at the age of five , after seeing Disneys Peter Pan . Deciding that he wanted to pursue a career at Disney and even work alongside Walt Disney himself , a few years later , he was sent off to Disneyland for a do-it-yourself animation kit . However , Allers , by then a high school student , grew discouraged about achieving his dream when he heard of Walt Disneys death in 1966 . Despite not getting the chance to meet Walt Disney , Allers still pressed on to receive a Fine Arts degree from Arizona State University . However , when he attended a class at Harvard University , he realized his interest in animation had been revitalized . After receiving his degree in Fine Arts , he spent the next two years traveling and living in Greece . While there , he spent some time living in a cave , and eventually met Leslee , whom he later married . As a young adult , Allers accepted a job with Lisberger Studios , where he worked as an animator for projects such as Sesame Street , The Electric Company , Make a Wish , and various other commercials . In 1978 , he relocated to Los Angeles with Steven Lisberger to work on a feature film titled Animalympics to which he provided story work , character design and animation for the film . Three years later , Allers found work serving as part of the storyboard team for Tron , which was the first theatrical feature film he worked on . In 1980 , Allers and his family moved to Toronto , Canada , where he worked for Nelvana Studios as an animator on a feature titled Rock & Rule . Following a brief return to Los Angeles , Allers provided character design , preliminary animation , and story development for the Japanese-produced animated feature , . For the next two years , he resided in Tokyo to serve as an animation director overseeing the Japanese artists . Disney . Returning to Los Angeles in 1985 , he heard that Disney was looking for a storyboard artist to work on Oliver & Company . When he applied for the job , Allers was asked to draw some sample character model sheets as a tryout , and worked on a portfolio and was hired shortly thereafter . Since then , he served as a storyboard artist on The Little Mermaid , The Prince and the Pauper , and The Rescuers Down Under before he was appointed as Head of Story on Beauty and the Beast . When story work on Beauty and the Beast was finished , Allers assisted as a storyboard artist during the re-writing phase of Aladdin . In October 1991 , Allers signed on to co-direct King of the Jungle alongside its initial director George Scribner . Allers brought on board Brenda Chapman , who would become the head of story . Afterwards , several of the lead crew members , including Allers , Scribner , Don Hahn , Chapman , and production designer Chris Sanders , took a safari trip to Hells Gate National Park in Kenya , in order to study and gain an appreciation of the environment for the film . After six months of story development work , Scribner decided to leave the project , as he feuded with Allers and the producers on their decision to turn the film into a musical , as Scribners intention was to make a documentary-like film more focused on natural aspects . Following Scribners departure and dissatisfied with the original story , Allers along with Hahn , Sanders , Chapman , and Beauty and the Beast directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale conceived a new story outline for the film over the course of two days in February 1992 . In April 1992 , Allers was joined with Rob Minkoff who was assigned as co-director , and the title was changed to The Lion King . Following the release of The Lion King , Allers and writer Matthew Jacobs conceived the idea of Kingdom of the Sun , and development on the project went underway in 1994 . Meanwhile , Disney Theatrical Group had begun production on the Broadway musical production of The Lion King as they had done with Beauty and the Beast . At first skeptical , Allers joined the Broadway production team , and together with Lion King co-screenwriter Irene Mecchi , they wrote the libretto for which they were both nominated the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical while the musical eventually won the Tony Award for Best Musical . After nearly four years on Kingdom of the Sun , Allers asked to leave the project due to creative differences with co-director Mark Dindal , poorly received test screenings , and the failure to meet its promotional deadlines . Ultimately , the project was reworked into The Emperors New Groove , and Allers left to work on Lilo & Stitch as an additional story supervisor . In 2001 , he was approached by Hahn to direct the short film , The Little Matchgirl . The project underwent four years of work , as it was planned to be attached with the proposed Fantasia 2006 film , and was accompanied as a bonus feature on The Little Mermaid Platinum Edition DVD . Meanwhile , Allers pitched the Celtic folk ballad tale Tam Lin to Michael Eisner , who at the time was in a corporate struggle with Roy E . Disney . Once Eisner recognized the project as Disneys baby , he declined to green-light the project . Post-Disney . In May 2003 , it was announced that Allers and Brenda Chapman would direct Tam Lin for Sony Pictures Animation . However , one year later , Allers was recruited to serve as an additional director on Open Season alongside director Jill Culton and co-director Anthony Stacchi , featuring the voice talents of Martin Lawrence and Ashton Kutcher . In January 2012 , it was announced that Allers will oversee the narrative structure , as well as supervise the production of an animated adaptation of The Prophet . In May 2014 , a work-in-progress version of The Prophet was screened at the Cannes Film Festival , and was given a limited release in August 2015 . Personal life . Allers has a daughter , Leah , and a son , Aidan .
|
[
"Los Angeles"
] |
[
{
"text": " Roger Charles Allers ( born June 29 , 1949 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , storyboard artist , animator , and playwright . He is most well known for co-directing the highest-grossing traditionally animated film of all time , Disneys The Lion King , and for writing the Broadway adaptation of the same name . He also directed Sony Pictures Animations first feature-length animated film , Open Season .",
"title": "Roger Allers"
},
{
"text": " Born in Rye , New York , but raised in Scottsdale , Arizona , Allers became a fan of animation , at the age of five , after seeing Disneys Peter Pan . Deciding that he wanted to pursue a career at Disney and even work alongside Walt Disney himself , a few years later , he was sent off to Disneyland for a do-it-yourself animation kit . However , Allers , by then a high school student , grew discouraged about achieving his dream when he heard of Walt Disneys death in 1966 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Despite not getting the chance to meet Walt Disney , Allers still pressed on to receive a Fine Arts degree from Arizona State University . However , when he attended a class at Harvard University , he realized his interest in animation had been revitalized . After receiving his degree in Fine Arts , he spent the next two years traveling and living in Greece . While there , he spent some time living in a cave , and eventually met Leslee , whom he later married . As a young adult , Allers accepted a job with Lisberger Studios",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ", where he worked as an animator for projects such as Sesame Street , The Electric Company , Make a Wish , and various other commercials .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1978 , he relocated to Los Angeles with Steven Lisberger to work on a feature film titled Animalympics to which he provided story work , character design and animation for the film . Three years later , Allers found work serving as part of the storyboard team for Tron , which was the first theatrical feature film he worked on . In 1980 , Allers and his family moved to Toronto , Canada , where he worked for Nelvana Studios as an animator on a feature titled Rock & Rule . Following a brief return to Los Angeles ,",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Allers provided character design , preliminary animation , and story development for the Japanese-produced animated feature , . For the next two years , he resided in Tokyo to serve as an animation director overseeing the Japanese artists .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Returning to Los Angeles in 1985 , he heard that Disney was looking for a storyboard artist to work on Oliver & Company . When he applied for the job , Allers was asked to draw some sample character model sheets as a tryout , and worked on a portfolio and was hired shortly thereafter . Since then , he served as a storyboard artist on The Little Mermaid , The Prince and the Pauper , and The Rescuers Down Under before he was appointed as Head of Story on Beauty and the Beast . When story work on Beauty",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "and the Beast was finished , Allers assisted as a storyboard artist during the re-writing phase of Aladdin .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "In October 1991 , Allers signed on to co-direct King of the Jungle alongside its initial director George Scribner . Allers brought on board Brenda Chapman , who would become the head of story . Afterwards , several of the lead crew members , including Allers , Scribner , Don Hahn , Chapman , and production designer Chris Sanders , took a safari trip to Hells Gate National Park in Kenya , in order to study and gain an appreciation of the environment for the film . After six months of story development work , Scribner decided to leave the",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "project , as he feuded with Allers and the producers on their decision to turn the film into a musical , as Scribners intention was to make a documentary-like film more focused on natural aspects . Following Scribners departure and dissatisfied with the original story , Allers along with Hahn , Sanders , Chapman , and Beauty and the Beast directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale conceived a new story outline for the film over the course of two days in February 1992 . In April 1992 , Allers was joined with Rob Minkoff who was assigned as co-director ,",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "and the title was changed to The Lion King .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "Following the release of The Lion King , Allers and writer Matthew Jacobs conceived the idea of Kingdom of the Sun , and development on the project went underway in 1994 . Meanwhile , Disney Theatrical Group had begun production on the Broadway musical production of The Lion King as they had done with Beauty and the Beast . At first skeptical , Allers joined the Broadway production team , and together with Lion King co-screenwriter Irene Mecchi , they wrote the libretto for which they were both nominated the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical while the",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "musical eventually won the Tony Award for Best Musical . After nearly four years on Kingdom of the Sun , Allers asked to leave the project due to creative differences with co-director Mark Dindal , poorly received test screenings , and the failure to meet its promotional deadlines . Ultimately , the project was reworked into The Emperors New Groove , and Allers left to work on Lilo & Stitch as an additional story supervisor . In 2001 , he was approached by Hahn to direct the short film , The Little Matchgirl . The project underwent four years of",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "work , as it was planned to be attached with the proposed Fantasia 2006 film , and was accompanied as a bonus feature on The Little Mermaid Platinum Edition DVD .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": " Meanwhile , Allers pitched the Celtic folk ballad tale Tam Lin to Michael Eisner , who at the time was in a corporate struggle with Roy E . Disney . Once Eisner recognized the project as Disneys baby , he declined to green-light the project .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": " In May 2003 , it was announced that Allers and Brenda Chapman would direct Tam Lin for Sony Pictures Animation . However , one year later , Allers was recruited to serve as an additional director on Open Season alongside director Jill Culton and co-director Anthony Stacchi , featuring the voice talents of Martin Lawrence and Ashton Kutcher .",
"title": "Post-Disney"
},
{
"text": "In January 2012 , it was announced that Allers will oversee the narrative structure , as well as supervise the production of an animated adaptation of The Prophet . In May 2014 , a work-in-progress version of The Prophet was screened at the Cannes Film Festival , and was given a limited release in August 2015 .",
"title": "Post-Disney"
},
{
"text": " Allers has a daughter , Leah , and a son , Aidan .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Roger_Allers#P551#2
|
What was the residence of Roger Allers after Aug 1985?
|
Roger Allers Roger Charles Allers ( born June 29 , 1949 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , storyboard artist , animator , and playwright . He is most well known for co-directing the highest-grossing traditionally animated film of all time , Disneys The Lion King , and for writing the Broadway adaptation of the same name . He also directed Sony Pictures Animations first feature-length animated film , Open Season . Life and career . Early life . Born in Rye , New York , but raised in Scottsdale , Arizona , Allers became a fan of animation , at the age of five , after seeing Disneys Peter Pan . Deciding that he wanted to pursue a career at Disney and even work alongside Walt Disney himself , a few years later , he was sent off to Disneyland for a do-it-yourself animation kit . However , Allers , by then a high school student , grew discouraged about achieving his dream when he heard of Walt Disneys death in 1966 . Despite not getting the chance to meet Walt Disney , Allers still pressed on to receive a Fine Arts degree from Arizona State University . However , when he attended a class at Harvard University , he realized his interest in animation had been revitalized . After receiving his degree in Fine Arts , he spent the next two years traveling and living in Greece . While there , he spent some time living in a cave , and eventually met Leslee , whom he later married . As a young adult , Allers accepted a job with Lisberger Studios , where he worked as an animator for projects such as Sesame Street , The Electric Company , Make a Wish , and various other commercials . In 1978 , he relocated to Los Angeles with Steven Lisberger to work on a feature film titled Animalympics to which he provided story work , character design and animation for the film . Three years later , Allers found work serving as part of the storyboard team for Tron , which was the first theatrical feature film he worked on . In 1980 , Allers and his family moved to Toronto , Canada , where he worked for Nelvana Studios as an animator on a feature titled Rock & Rule . Following a brief return to Los Angeles , Allers provided character design , preliminary animation , and story development for the Japanese-produced animated feature , . For the next two years , he resided in Tokyo to serve as an animation director overseeing the Japanese artists . Disney . Returning to Los Angeles in 1985 , he heard that Disney was looking for a storyboard artist to work on Oliver & Company . When he applied for the job , Allers was asked to draw some sample character model sheets as a tryout , and worked on a portfolio and was hired shortly thereafter . Since then , he served as a storyboard artist on The Little Mermaid , The Prince and the Pauper , and The Rescuers Down Under before he was appointed as Head of Story on Beauty and the Beast . When story work on Beauty and the Beast was finished , Allers assisted as a storyboard artist during the re-writing phase of Aladdin . In October 1991 , Allers signed on to co-direct King of the Jungle alongside its initial director George Scribner . Allers brought on board Brenda Chapman , who would become the head of story . Afterwards , several of the lead crew members , including Allers , Scribner , Don Hahn , Chapman , and production designer Chris Sanders , took a safari trip to Hells Gate National Park in Kenya , in order to study and gain an appreciation of the environment for the film . After six months of story development work , Scribner decided to leave the project , as he feuded with Allers and the producers on their decision to turn the film into a musical , as Scribners intention was to make a documentary-like film more focused on natural aspects . Following Scribners departure and dissatisfied with the original story , Allers along with Hahn , Sanders , Chapman , and Beauty and the Beast directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale conceived a new story outline for the film over the course of two days in February 1992 . In April 1992 , Allers was joined with Rob Minkoff who was assigned as co-director , and the title was changed to The Lion King . Following the release of The Lion King , Allers and writer Matthew Jacobs conceived the idea of Kingdom of the Sun , and development on the project went underway in 1994 . Meanwhile , Disney Theatrical Group had begun production on the Broadway musical production of The Lion King as they had done with Beauty and the Beast . At first skeptical , Allers joined the Broadway production team , and together with Lion King co-screenwriter Irene Mecchi , they wrote the libretto for which they were both nominated the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical while the musical eventually won the Tony Award for Best Musical . After nearly four years on Kingdom of the Sun , Allers asked to leave the project due to creative differences with co-director Mark Dindal , poorly received test screenings , and the failure to meet its promotional deadlines . Ultimately , the project was reworked into The Emperors New Groove , and Allers left to work on Lilo & Stitch as an additional story supervisor . In 2001 , he was approached by Hahn to direct the short film , The Little Matchgirl . The project underwent four years of work , as it was planned to be attached with the proposed Fantasia 2006 film , and was accompanied as a bonus feature on The Little Mermaid Platinum Edition DVD . Meanwhile , Allers pitched the Celtic folk ballad tale Tam Lin to Michael Eisner , who at the time was in a corporate struggle with Roy E . Disney . Once Eisner recognized the project as Disneys baby , he declined to green-light the project . Post-Disney . In May 2003 , it was announced that Allers and Brenda Chapman would direct Tam Lin for Sony Pictures Animation . However , one year later , Allers was recruited to serve as an additional director on Open Season alongside director Jill Culton and co-director Anthony Stacchi , featuring the voice talents of Martin Lawrence and Ashton Kutcher . In January 2012 , it was announced that Allers will oversee the narrative structure , as well as supervise the production of an animated adaptation of The Prophet . In May 2014 , a work-in-progress version of The Prophet was screened at the Cannes Film Festival , and was given a limited release in August 2015 . Personal life . Allers has a daughter , Leah , and a son , Aidan .
|
[
"Los Angeles"
] |
[
{
"text": " Roger Charles Allers ( born June 29 , 1949 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , storyboard artist , animator , and playwright . He is most well known for co-directing the highest-grossing traditionally animated film of all time , Disneys The Lion King , and for writing the Broadway adaptation of the same name . He also directed Sony Pictures Animations first feature-length animated film , Open Season .",
"title": "Roger Allers"
},
{
"text": " Born in Rye , New York , but raised in Scottsdale , Arizona , Allers became a fan of animation , at the age of five , after seeing Disneys Peter Pan . Deciding that he wanted to pursue a career at Disney and even work alongside Walt Disney himself , a few years later , he was sent off to Disneyland for a do-it-yourself animation kit . However , Allers , by then a high school student , grew discouraged about achieving his dream when he heard of Walt Disneys death in 1966 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Despite not getting the chance to meet Walt Disney , Allers still pressed on to receive a Fine Arts degree from Arizona State University . However , when he attended a class at Harvard University , he realized his interest in animation had been revitalized . After receiving his degree in Fine Arts , he spent the next two years traveling and living in Greece . While there , he spent some time living in a cave , and eventually met Leslee , whom he later married . As a young adult , Allers accepted a job with Lisberger Studios",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ", where he worked as an animator for projects such as Sesame Street , The Electric Company , Make a Wish , and various other commercials .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1978 , he relocated to Los Angeles with Steven Lisberger to work on a feature film titled Animalympics to which he provided story work , character design and animation for the film . Three years later , Allers found work serving as part of the storyboard team for Tron , which was the first theatrical feature film he worked on . In 1980 , Allers and his family moved to Toronto , Canada , where he worked for Nelvana Studios as an animator on a feature titled Rock & Rule . Following a brief return to Los Angeles ,",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Allers provided character design , preliminary animation , and story development for the Japanese-produced animated feature , . For the next two years , he resided in Tokyo to serve as an animation director overseeing the Japanese artists .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Returning to Los Angeles in 1985 , he heard that Disney was looking for a storyboard artist to work on Oliver & Company . When he applied for the job , Allers was asked to draw some sample character model sheets as a tryout , and worked on a portfolio and was hired shortly thereafter . Since then , he served as a storyboard artist on The Little Mermaid , The Prince and the Pauper , and The Rescuers Down Under before he was appointed as Head of Story on Beauty and the Beast . When story work on Beauty",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "and the Beast was finished , Allers assisted as a storyboard artist during the re-writing phase of Aladdin .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "In October 1991 , Allers signed on to co-direct King of the Jungle alongside its initial director George Scribner . Allers brought on board Brenda Chapman , who would become the head of story . Afterwards , several of the lead crew members , including Allers , Scribner , Don Hahn , Chapman , and production designer Chris Sanders , took a safari trip to Hells Gate National Park in Kenya , in order to study and gain an appreciation of the environment for the film . After six months of story development work , Scribner decided to leave the",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "project , as he feuded with Allers and the producers on their decision to turn the film into a musical , as Scribners intention was to make a documentary-like film more focused on natural aspects . Following Scribners departure and dissatisfied with the original story , Allers along with Hahn , Sanders , Chapman , and Beauty and the Beast directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale conceived a new story outline for the film over the course of two days in February 1992 . In April 1992 , Allers was joined with Rob Minkoff who was assigned as co-director ,",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "and the title was changed to The Lion King .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "Following the release of The Lion King , Allers and writer Matthew Jacobs conceived the idea of Kingdom of the Sun , and development on the project went underway in 1994 . Meanwhile , Disney Theatrical Group had begun production on the Broadway musical production of The Lion King as they had done with Beauty and the Beast . At first skeptical , Allers joined the Broadway production team , and together with Lion King co-screenwriter Irene Mecchi , they wrote the libretto for which they were both nominated the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical while the",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "musical eventually won the Tony Award for Best Musical . After nearly four years on Kingdom of the Sun , Allers asked to leave the project due to creative differences with co-director Mark Dindal , poorly received test screenings , and the failure to meet its promotional deadlines . Ultimately , the project was reworked into The Emperors New Groove , and Allers left to work on Lilo & Stitch as an additional story supervisor . In 2001 , he was approached by Hahn to direct the short film , The Little Matchgirl . The project underwent four years of",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": "work , as it was planned to be attached with the proposed Fantasia 2006 film , and was accompanied as a bonus feature on The Little Mermaid Platinum Edition DVD .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": " Meanwhile , Allers pitched the Celtic folk ballad tale Tam Lin to Michael Eisner , who at the time was in a corporate struggle with Roy E . Disney . Once Eisner recognized the project as Disneys baby , he declined to green-light the project .",
"title": "Disney"
},
{
"text": " In May 2003 , it was announced that Allers and Brenda Chapman would direct Tam Lin for Sony Pictures Animation . However , one year later , Allers was recruited to serve as an additional director on Open Season alongside director Jill Culton and co-director Anthony Stacchi , featuring the voice talents of Martin Lawrence and Ashton Kutcher .",
"title": "Post-Disney"
},
{
"text": "In January 2012 , it was announced that Allers will oversee the narrative structure , as well as supervise the production of an animated adaptation of The Prophet . In May 2014 , a work-in-progress version of The Prophet was screened at the Cannes Film Festival , and was given a limited release in August 2015 .",
"title": "Post-Disney"
},
{
"text": " Allers has a daughter , Leah , and a son , Aidan .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Tyyni_Tuulio#P734#0
|
What was the family name of Tyyni Tuulio between Jan 1912 and Sep 1915?
|
Tyyni Tuulio Tyyni Maria Tuulio ( née Haapanen ; 28 August 1892 , in Karvia – 9 June 1991 , in Helsinki ) , was a Finnish writer and translator . Tuulio was the daughter of vicar Jaakko Haapanen and Hilma Antoinette Rikberg . She graduated from high school in 1911 , earned her bachelors degree in 1916 and her masters degree in 1927 . She published travel writing and short stories as well as biographies of prominent Finnish women , such as Sophie Mannerheim ( 1948 ) , Ottilia Stenbäck ( 1950 ) , Alexandra Gripenberg ( 1959 ) and Maila Talvio ( 2 volumes , 1963–1965 ) . She also wrote memoirs in three volumes ( 1966–1969 ) . In 1979 , she published a collection of essays titled Fredrikan Suomi about Fredrika Runeberg and the other women who belonged to the circle around Johan Ludvig Runeberg . Tuulio is counted among Finlands most influential twentieth-century literary translators . She translated from Swedish ( the collected works of Fredrika Runeberg ) , English ( Charlotte Brontë , Louisa May Alcott ) and the Romance languages ( Dante Alighieris La Vita Nova ) . In 1957 , she received an award from the Finnish Cultural Foundation , and in 1960 , she was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Helsinki . In 1985 , she received the State translation prize . She married linguist Oiva Tuulio in 1917 . They had three sons ; the eldest son was killed in the beginning of the Continuation War . Tuulios brother was conductor Toivo Haapanen . She is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki .
|
[
"Haapanen"
] |
[
{
"text": " Tyyni Maria Tuulio ( née Haapanen ; 28 August 1892 , in Karvia – 9 June 1991 , in Helsinki ) , was a Finnish writer and translator .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": "Tuulio was the daughter of vicar Jaakko Haapanen and Hilma Antoinette Rikberg . She graduated from high school in 1911 , earned her bachelors degree in 1916 and her masters degree in 1927 . She published travel writing and short stories as well as biographies of prominent Finnish women , such as Sophie Mannerheim ( 1948 ) , Ottilia Stenbäck ( 1950 ) , Alexandra Gripenberg ( 1959 ) and Maila Talvio ( 2 volumes , 1963–1965 ) . She also wrote memoirs in three volumes ( 1966–1969 ) . In 1979 , she published a collection of essays titled",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": "Fredrikan Suomi about Fredrika Runeberg and the other women who belonged to the circle around Johan Ludvig Runeberg .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": " Tuulio is counted among Finlands most influential twentieth-century literary translators . She translated from Swedish ( the collected works of Fredrika Runeberg ) , English ( Charlotte Brontë , Louisa May Alcott ) and the Romance languages ( Dante Alighieris La Vita Nova ) . In 1957 , she received an award from the Finnish Cultural Foundation , and in 1960 , she was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Helsinki . In 1985 , she received the State translation prize .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": "She married linguist Oiva Tuulio in 1917 . They had three sons ; the eldest son was killed in the beginning of the Continuation War .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": " Tuulios brother was conductor Toivo Haapanen . She is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
}
] |
/wiki/Tyyni_Tuulio#P734#1
|
What was the family name of Tyyni Tuulio between Jun 1922 and Sep 1926?
|
Tyyni Tuulio Tyyni Maria Tuulio ( née Haapanen ; 28 August 1892 , in Karvia – 9 June 1991 , in Helsinki ) , was a Finnish writer and translator . Tuulio was the daughter of vicar Jaakko Haapanen and Hilma Antoinette Rikberg . She graduated from high school in 1911 , earned her bachelors degree in 1916 and her masters degree in 1927 . She published travel writing and short stories as well as biographies of prominent Finnish women , such as Sophie Mannerheim ( 1948 ) , Ottilia Stenbäck ( 1950 ) , Alexandra Gripenberg ( 1959 ) and Maila Talvio ( 2 volumes , 1963–1965 ) . She also wrote memoirs in three volumes ( 1966–1969 ) . In 1979 , she published a collection of essays titled Fredrikan Suomi about Fredrika Runeberg and the other women who belonged to the circle around Johan Ludvig Runeberg . Tuulio is counted among Finlands most influential twentieth-century literary translators . She translated from Swedish ( the collected works of Fredrika Runeberg ) , English ( Charlotte Brontë , Louisa May Alcott ) and the Romance languages ( Dante Alighieris La Vita Nova ) . In 1957 , she received an award from the Finnish Cultural Foundation , and in 1960 , she was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Helsinki . In 1985 , she received the State translation prize . She married linguist Oiva Tuulio in 1917 . They had three sons ; the eldest son was killed in the beginning of the Continuation War . Tuulios brother was conductor Toivo Haapanen . She is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Tyyni Maria Tuulio ( née Haapanen ; 28 August 1892 , in Karvia – 9 June 1991 , in Helsinki ) , was a Finnish writer and translator .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": "Tuulio was the daughter of vicar Jaakko Haapanen and Hilma Antoinette Rikberg . She graduated from high school in 1911 , earned her bachelors degree in 1916 and her masters degree in 1927 . She published travel writing and short stories as well as biographies of prominent Finnish women , such as Sophie Mannerheim ( 1948 ) , Ottilia Stenbäck ( 1950 ) , Alexandra Gripenberg ( 1959 ) and Maila Talvio ( 2 volumes , 1963–1965 ) . She also wrote memoirs in three volumes ( 1966–1969 ) . In 1979 , she published a collection of essays titled",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": "Fredrikan Suomi about Fredrika Runeberg and the other women who belonged to the circle around Johan Ludvig Runeberg .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": " Tuulio is counted among Finlands most influential twentieth-century literary translators . She translated from Swedish ( the collected works of Fredrika Runeberg ) , English ( Charlotte Brontë , Louisa May Alcott ) and the Romance languages ( Dante Alighieris La Vita Nova ) . In 1957 , she received an award from the Finnish Cultural Foundation , and in 1960 , she was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Helsinki . In 1985 , she received the State translation prize .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": "She married linguist Oiva Tuulio in 1917 . They had three sons ; the eldest son was killed in the beginning of the Continuation War .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": " Tuulios brother was conductor Toivo Haapanen . She is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
}
] |
/wiki/Tyyni_Tuulio#P734#2
|
What was the family name of Tyyni Tuulio after May 1933?
|
Tyyni Tuulio Tyyni Maria Tuulio ( née Haapanen ; 28 August 1892 , in Karvia – 9 June 1991 , in Helsinki ) , was a Finnish writer and translator . Tuulio was the daughter of vicar Jaakko Haapanen and Hilma Antoinette Rikberg . She graduated from high school in 1911 , earned her bachelors degree in 1916 and her masters degree in 1927 . She published travel writing and short stories as well as biographies of prominent Finnish women , such as Sophie Mannerheim ( 1948 ) , Ottilia Stenbäck ( 1950 ) , Alexandra Gripenberg ( 1959 ) and Maila Talvio ( 2 volumes , 1963–1965 ) . She also wrote memoirs in three volumes ( 1966–1969 ) . In 1979 , she published a collection of essays titled Fredrikan Suomi about Fredrika Runeberg and the other women who belonged to the circle around Johan Ludvig Runeberg . Tuulio is counted among Finlands most influential twentieth-century literary translators . She translated from Swedish ( the collected works of Fredrika Runeberg ) , English ( Charlotte Brontë , Louisa May Alcott ) and the Romance languages ( Dante Alighieris La Vita Nova ) . In 1957 , she received an award from the Finnish Cultural Foundation , and in 1960 , she was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Helsinki . In 1985 , she received the State translation prize . She married linguist Oiva Tuulio in 1917 . They had three sons ; the eldest son was killed in the beginning of the Continuation War . Tuulios brother was conductor Toivo Haapanen . She is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki .
|
[
"Tuulio"
] |
[
{
"text": " Tyyni Maria Tuulio ( née Haapanen ; 28 August 1892 , in Karvia – 9 June 1991 , in Helsinki ) , was a Finnish writer and translator .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": "Tuulio was the daughter of vicar Jaakko Haapanen and Hilma Antoinette Rikberg . She graduated from high school in 1911 , earned her bachelors degree in 1916 and her masters degree in 1927 . She published travel writing and short stories as well as biographies of prominent Finnish women , such as Sophie Mannerheim ( 1948 ) , Ottilia Stenbäck ( 1950 ) , Alexandra Gripenberg ( 1959 ) and Maila Talvio ( 2 volumes , 1963–1965 ) . She also wrote memoirs in three volumes ( 1966–1969 ) . In 1979 , she published a collection of essays titled",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": "Fredrikan Suomi about Fredrika Runeberg and the other women who belonged to the circle around Johan Ludvig Runeberg .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": " Tuulio is counted among Finlands most influential twentieth-century literary translators . She translated from Swedish ( the collected works of Fredrika Runeberg ) , English ( Charlotte Brontë , Louisa May Alcott ) and the Romance languages ( Dante Alighieris La Vita Nova ) . In 1957 , she received an award from the Finnish Cultural Foundation , and in 1960 , she was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Helsinki . In 1985 , she received the State translation prize .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": "She married linguist Oiva Tuulio in 1917 . They had three sons ; the eldest son was killed in the beginning of the Continuation War .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
},
{
"text": " Tuulios brother was conductor Toivo Haapanen . She is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki .",
"title": "Tyyni Tuulio"
}
] |
/wiki/Michael_Spindelegger#P39#0
|
What was the position of Michael Spindelegger between Jun 1994 and Nov 1994?
|
Michael Spindelegger Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development ( ICMPD ) . Early and personal life . Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons . Professional career . From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens . Political career . From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs . From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation . From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 . In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government . By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter . Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs . In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission . Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out its term . Life after politics . In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory . Recognition . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 ) External links . - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website
|
[
"member of the National Council of Austria"
] |
[
{
"text": "Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Development ( ICMPD ) .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": " From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "its term .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory .",
"title": "Life after politics"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 )",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Michael_Spindelegger#P39#1
|
What was the position of Michael Spindelegger between Jan 1996 and Jul 1996?
|
Michael Spindelegger Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development ( ICMPD ) . Early and personal life . Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons . Professional career . From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens . Political career . From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs . From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation . From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 . In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government . By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter . Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs . In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission . Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out its term . Life after politics . In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory . Recognition . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 ) External links . - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website
|
[
"Member of the European Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": "Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Development ( ICMPD ) .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": " From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "its term .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory .",
"title": "Life after politics"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 )",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Michael_Spindelegger#P39#2
|
What was the position of Michael Spindelegger in Jul 2002?
|
Michael Spindelegger Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development ( ICMPD ) . Early and personal life . Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons . Professional career . From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens . Political career . From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs . From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation . From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 . In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government . By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter . Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs . In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission . Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out its term . Life after politics . In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory . Recognition . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 ) External links . - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website
|
[
"vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party"
] |
[
{
"text": "Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Development ( ICMPD ) .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": " From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "its term .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory .",
"title": "Life after politics"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 )",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Michael_Spindelegger#P39#3
|
What was the position of Michael Spindelegger in Oct 2006?
|
Michael Spindelegger Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development ( ICMPD ) . Early and personal life . Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons . Professional career . From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens . Political career . From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs . From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation . From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 . In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government . By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter . Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs . In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission . Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out its term . Life after politics . In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory . Recognition . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 ) External links . - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website
|
[
"Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": "Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Development ( ICMPD ) .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": " From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "its term .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory .",
"title": "Life after politics"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 )",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Michael_Spindelegger#P39#4
|
What was the position of Michael Spindelegger in 2007?
|
Michael Spindelegger Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development ( ICMPD ) . Early and personal life . Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons . Professional career . From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens . Political career . From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs . From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation . From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 . In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government . By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter . Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs . In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission . Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out its term . Life after politics . In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory . Recognition . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 ) External links . - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Development ( ICMPD ) .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": " From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "its term .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory .",
"title": "Life after politics"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 )",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Michael_Spindelegger#P39#5
|
What was the position of Michael Spindelegger between Feb 2010 and Apr 2010?
|
Michael Spindelegger Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development ( ICMPD ) . Early and personal life . Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons . Professional career . From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens . Political career . From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs . From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation . From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 . In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government . By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter . Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs . In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission . Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out its term . Life after politics . In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory . Recognition . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 ) External links . - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website
|
[
"Foreign Minister of Austria"
] |
[
{
"text": "Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Development ( ICMPD ) .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": " From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "its term .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory .",
"title": "Life after politics"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 )",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Michael_Spindelegger#P39#6
|
What was the position of Michael Spindelegger in Jul 2012?
|
Michael Spindelegger Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development ( ICMPD ) . Early and personal life . Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons . Professional career . From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens . Political career . From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs . From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation . From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 . In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government . By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter . Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs . In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission . Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out its term . Life after politics . In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory . Recognition . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 ) External links . - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website
|
[
"Foreign Minister of Austria",
"Vice Chancellor"
] |
[
{
"text": "Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Development ( ICMPD ) .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": " From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "its term .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory .",
"title": "Life after politics"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 )",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Michael_Spindelegger#P39#7
|
What was the position of Michael Spindelegger in May 2014?
|
Michael Spindelegger Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development ( ICMPD ) . Early and personal life . Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons . Professional career . From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens . Political career . From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs . From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation . From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 . In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government . By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter . Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs . In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission . Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out its term . Life after politics . In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory . Recognition . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 ) External links . - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website
|
[
"Finance Minister"
] |
[
{
"text": "Michael Spindelegger ( born 21 December 1959 ) is an Austrian politician . He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014 ; additionally , he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014 . Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian Peoples Party ( ÖVP ) from 2011 to 2014 . In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Development ( ICMPD ) .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger was born in Mödling , Lower Austria . His father Erich , a railway worker and union leader , was mayor of Hinterbrühl , a suburb of Vienna , and represented the Mödling district in the National Council in the Austrian Parliament . He went to school in Hinterbrühl ( 1965–1969 ) and to the Keimgasse gymnasium in Mödling ( 1969–1977 ) . From 1977 to 1978 he served for one year in the Austrian Armed Forces , being trained as a reserve officer . From 1978 he studied law at the University of Vienna , and received a",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": "doctorate in law in 1983 . During his studies , he joined a Cartellverband Catholic student fraternity at the university . Spindelegger is married , and has two sons .",
"title": "Michael Spindelegger"
},
{
"text": " From 1982 to 1983 , Spindelegger was Assistant Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Criminal Law , University of Vienna . From 1983 to 1984 , he worked as a judges assistant at several Courts of Law in Vienna , and from 1984 to 1987 as a civil servant for the Federal State of Lower Austria . From 1987 to 1990 , he worked for Austrian Defense Minister Robert Lichal , and between 1990 and 1994 for a number of companies in Austria and Germany , including Siemens .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " From 1992 to 1993 , Spindelegger was Member of the Federal Council of Austria . From January 1995 to October 1996 , Spindelegger was Member of the European Parliament , where he served on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy . From December 1993 to March 1995 , and since October 1996 , Spindelegger was a member of the National Council of Austria ( Nationalrat ) . Between October 1996 and October 2006 , he was his partys Speaker on Foreign Affairs , and head of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 1991 Spindelegger was the deputy federal chairperson of his partys labour wing , the Austrian Workers and Employees Association ( ÖAAB ) and , from 2009 , the organizations federal chairman . From January 2000 to January 2007 he was Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , and from January 2002 to October 2006 head of the Austrian delegation .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From March 2000 to October 2006 he was vice-chairman of the Austrian Peoples Party , under the leadership of Wolfgang Schüssel . On 30 October 2006 Spindelegger became Second Speaker of the Austrian Parliament . He held this office until November 2008 . Foreign Minister of Austria , 2008–2013 . Between 2008 and 2013 Spindelegger served as Foreign Minister of Austria , in April 2011 he additionally took over the post of Vice Chancellor from Josef Pröll . He was elected ÖVP Party Chairman in May 2011 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In his capacity as foreign minister , Spindelegger worked closely with international organisations in the field of migration and contributed to the policy debate during the Third EU-Africa Summit in Tripoli . After he was appointed as Vice-Chancellor , he created a State Secretariat for Integration within the Austrian Federal Ministry of Interior and nominated Sebastian Kurz for the position . At this time he worked closely with the Ministry of Interior on asylum and labour migration issues while also negotiating a re-admission agreement with the Afghan Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " By 2013 , the pace of withdrawing Austrian peacekeeping troops after 39 years of monitoring duty on the Golan Heights ( as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force ) exposed splits between the Social Democrat-led defense ministry and the conservative-led foreign ministry ahead of the national elections that year . Finance Minister of Austria , 2013–2014 . Following the 2013 national elections , Spindelegger became Austrias Finance Minister in Faymanns second cabinet . He replaced Maria Fekter .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Under Spindeleggers leadership , Austria decided against letting state lender Hypo Alpe Adria go bust ; instead , the government created a bad bank for 18 billion euros ( $25 billion ) of Hypo assets while pressing its home province of Carinthia and holders of subordinated debt to contribute to the costs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Spindelegger announced that his fellow conservative Johannes Hahn would remain Austrias Member of the European Commission under President Jean-Claude Juncker . Prior to the announcement , there had been rumours that Spindelegger himself would move to the European Commission .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Spindelegger resigned at the end of August 2014 following disputes over tax reform . The Social Democrats and some within his party called for a new tax on wealth which he opposed saying that the focus should be on cutting national debt levels that were scheduled to reach 80% of GDP by the end of the year . He said : The Austrian way must be oriented toward Berlin and not toward Athens . Economic Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner was chosen as the new head of the party . Chancellor Werner Faymann said he expected the governing coalition to see out",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "its term .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2015 , Spindelegger served as director of the Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine ( AMU ) . Since 2016 , he has been serving as Secretary General of the International Centre for Migration Policy Development in Vienna . In February 2020 , Spindelegger joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S . President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan , saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory .",
"title": "Life after politics"
},
{
"text": " - Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen mit dem Stern für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ) in May 2004 . - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2011 )",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"text": " - Michael Spindelegger at the ÖVP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Tom_Campbell_(California_politician)#P69#0
|
Tom Campbell (California politician) went to which school in early 1960s?
|
Tom Campbell ( California politician ) Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California . He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley . In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One . Early life . Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 . Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position . Law professor . Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career . Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office . In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator . In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 . During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 . Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it . In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level . In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship . In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press . As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration . On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 . In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) . Return to politics . In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California . Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep . 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote : On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism . Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him . Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter . In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents . Personal life . Campbell married Susanne Martin in 1978 . Awards . 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award Books . - Separation of Powers in Practice ( 2004 ) External links . - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote :",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Tom_Campbell_(California_politician)#P69#1
|
Tom Campbell (California politician) went to which school in Oct 1967?
|
Tom Campbell ( California politician ) Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California . He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley . In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One . Early life . Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 . Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position . Law professor . Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career . Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office . In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator . In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 . During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 . Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it . In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level . In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship . In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press . As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration . On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 . In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) . Return to politics . In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California . Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep . 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote : On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism . Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him . Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter . In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents . Personal life . Campbell married Susanne Martin in 1978 . Awards . 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award Books . - Separation of Powers in Practice ( 2004 ) External links . - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell
|
[
"St . Ignatius College Prep"
] |
[
{
"text": " Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote :",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Tom_Campbell_(California_politician)#P69#2
|
Tom Campbell (California politician) went to which school in 1969?
|
Tom Campbell ( California politician ) Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California . He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley . In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One . Early life . Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 . Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position . Law professor . Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career . Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office . In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator . In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 . During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 . Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it . In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level . In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship . In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press . As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration . On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 . In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) . Return to politics . In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California . Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep . 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote : On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism . Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him . Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter . In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents . Personal life . Campbell married Susanne Martin in 1978 . Awards . 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award Books . - Separation of Powers in Practice ( 2004 ) External links . - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell
|
[
"St . Ignatius College Prep",
"University of Chicago"
] |
[
{
"text": " Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote :",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Tom_Campbell_(California_politician)#P69#3
|
Tom Campbell (California politician) went to which school between Jun 1971 and May 1972?
|
Tom Campbell ( California politician ) Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California . He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley . In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One . Early life . Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 . Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position . Law professor . Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career . Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office . In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator . In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 . During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 . Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it . In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level . In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship . In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press . As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration . On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 . In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) . Return to politics . In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California . Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep . 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote : On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism . Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him . Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter . In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents . Personal life . Campbell married Susanne Martin in 1978 . Awards . 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award Books . - Separation of Powers in Practice ( 2004 ) External links . - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell
|
[
"University of Chicago"
] |
[
{
"text": " Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote :",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Tom_Campbell_(California_politician)#P69#4
|
Tom Campbell (California politician) went to which school in Oct 1973?
|
Tom Campbell ( California politician ) Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California . He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley . In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One . Early life . Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 . Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position . Law professor . Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career . Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office . In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator . In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 . During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 . Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it . In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level . In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship . In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press . As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration . On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 . In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) . Return to politics . In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California . Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep . 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote : On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism . Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him . Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter . In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents . Personal life . Campbell married Susanne Martin in 1978 . Awards . 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award Books . - Separation of Powers in Practice ( 2004 ) External links . - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell
|
[
"Harvard Law School"
] |
[
{
"text": " Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote :",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Tom_Campbell_(California_politician)#P69#5
|
Tom Campbell (California politician) went to which school between May 1977 and Jul 1977?
|
Tom Campbell ( California politician ) Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California . He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley . In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One . Early life . Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 . Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position . Law professor . Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career . Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office . In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator . In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 . During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 . Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it . In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level . In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship . In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press . As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration . On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 . In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) . Return to politics . In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California . Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep . 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote : On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism . Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him . Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter . In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents . Personal life . Campbell married Susanne Martin in 1978 . Awards . 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award Books . - Separation of Powers in Practice ( 2004 ) External links . - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell
|
[
"University of Chicago"
] |
[
{
"text": " Thomas John Campbell ( born August 14 , 1952 ) is an American academic , educator , and politician . He is a Professor of Law at the Dale E . Fowler School of Law , and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics , at Chapman University , in Orange , California .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011–16 , Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005 , a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from Californias 12th and 15th districts , a former member of the California State Senate , a former professor at Stanford Law School , former dean of the Haas School of Business , and former professor of business administration at the University of California , Berkeley .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": " In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S . Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein . On June 8 , 2010 , he lost his third bid for the United States Senate , campaigning once again for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer but losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina . Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One .",
"title": "Tom Campbell ( California politician )"
},
{
"text": "Born in Chicago , Campbell was the valedictorian of Chicagos St . Ignatius College Prep , Class of 1969 . He went on to obtain his B.A . and M.A . degrees from the University of Chicago ( 1973 ) , a J.D . from Harvard Law School ( 1976 ) and then a subsequent Ph.D . in economics from the University of Chicago ( 1980 ) . He served as a clerk to U.S . Supreme Court Justice Byron White from 1977 to 1978 and , the year before that , for U.S . Court of Appeals Judge George",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "E . MacKinnon . His mentor was Milton Friedman . Tom Campbells father was the late Hon . William Joseph Campbell , a former Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . While Tom Campbell was raised in a Democratic family , he joined the Republican Party in 1980 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1976 and went into private practice in Chicago . He was a White House Fellow in the offices of the Chief of Staff and Counsel ( 1980–1981 ) . He then served in the Reagan Administration as Director of the Bureau of Competition in the Federal Trade Commission from 1981-1983 , the youngest person ever to serve in that position .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Campbell became a law professor at Stanford Law School in 1983 , receiving tenure as a full professor in 1987 . Congressional and State Senate career .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 12th Congressional District , which included his home in Campbell and the campus of Stanford University . The 12th had traditionally been a moderate Republican bastion , but had grown increasingly friendly to Democrats over the years . Campbell soundly defeated first-term incumbent Ernie Konnyu in the Republican primary and narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , San Mateo County Supervisor Anna Eshoo . He served two terms before making an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat being vacated by Alan Cranston . He lost the Republican primary to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "a considerably more conservative Republican , Bruce Herschensohn , who in turn was defeated by Democratic Congresswoman Barbara Boxer . His political career might have been in jeopardy in any case ; his district had been renumbered as the 14th District and had been made considerably more Democratic than its predecessor . Eshoo won the seat and still holds it today ; no Republican running in this district ( now numbered as the 18th District ) has won more than 39 percent of the vote since Campbell left office .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 , California State Senator Becky Morgan stepped down mid-term , and Campbell won a special election to succeed her ; the state Senate district overlapped significantly with his old congressional district . In the California state Senate , Campbell was Chairman of the Housing Committee , Vice Chairman of the Education Committee , and served on the Budget Committee . California Journal rated him the Best Problem Solver in the State Senate , the Most Ethical State Senator , and the overall Best State Senator .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 1995 , 15th District Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta , later the Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton and Secretary of Transportation under George W . Bush , unexpectedly resigned . Campbells home had been re-drawn into this San Jose-based district , and he ran in the special election . Mineta had held the seat since 1975 , and it was widely considered a safe Democratic district . Despite the considerable disadvantage in voter registration and Democratic attempts to tie him to Speaker Newt Gingrich , Campbell won the December special election easily . He won a full term",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "almost as easily in 1996 and was handily re-elected in 1998 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "During both of his stints in Congress , Campbell was regarded as one of the most moderate House Republicans . Though conservative on fiscal matters , he is socially liberal , being pro-choice on abortion and in favor of gay rights . This was not surprising , as Bay Area Republicans tend to be more moderate on social and environmental matters than their counterparts in the rest of California . He has a decided libertarian streak , and remains popular with libertarian-leaning Republicans . As a fiscal conservative , he was the only Republican in the House to vote against",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "Campbell led a group of 17 bipartisan members of Congress who filed a lawsuit against President Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the war in Kosovo . In the filing , they accused Clinton of not reporting to Congress within 48 hours on the status of the action as required by the 1973 War Powers Resolution and not first obtaining a declaration of war from Congress as required in the Constitution . Congress had voted 427 to 2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia and had voted to deny support for the air campaign . A federal judge",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "dismissed the lawsuit , ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after the U.S . was actively engaged in the war with Kosovo , legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war . Campbell said afterwards that this was a sidestepping of the law , and lawmakers who disagree with a war should not be forced to cut off funding for troops who are in the midst of it in order to get a judge to order an end to it .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell won the Republican nomination to take on Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein . Although he touted his service as a moderate Republican representing a strongly Democratic district , he was considered a decided underdog . Campbell was badly defeated , losing by over 19 points . He even lost his own district by almost 15 points . Democratic State Assemblyman Mike Honda , a Mineta protege , won Campbells House seat by 12 points over Republican State Assemblyman Jim Cunneen , a former aide to Campbell . As of 2020 , Campbell is the last elected Republican",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "to have represented a significant portion of San Jose above the county level .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , Campbell wrote in Reason that he would be voting no on Proposition 8 , the proposed ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in the state , per his Republican beliefs that government should be limited . Government has no business making distinctions between people based on their personal lives . Proposition 8 eventually passed by a margin of 52-48% . Campbell is a supporter of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact . Return to legal scholarship .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Campbell returned to Stanford . He remained there until his appointment at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley in 2002 . In the intervening years , he began to assemble the material , out of his professional political experiences , for his book The Separation of Powers in Practice with Stanford University Press .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " As Dean of the Haas School , Campbell stressed the study of corporate social responsibility and business ethics amid an era of corporate scandals . A full-fledged Center for Responsible Business was established . In September 2004 , Campbell was named by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to his newly formed Council of Economic Advisors . From 2004 to 2005 , Campbell took a leave of absence from his Berkeley post to serve as director of the California Department of Finance in the Schwarzenegger administration .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "On August 27 , 2007 , Campbell announced that he would step down from his position at Haas in the summer of 2008 .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "In mid-2008 , Campbell joined the Palo Alto office of Los Angeles-based Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher LLP . Campbell joined the Chapman School of Law for a 2-year visiting appointment which began January 2009 , serving as the Fletcher Jones Distinguished Visiting Professor at Chapman University School of Law . In February 2011 , Chapman announced that Campbell would be its new Dean . Campbell replaced interim Dean Scott Howe , who replaced Dean John C . Eastman , who stepped down to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Attorney General of California ( Campbell had filed paperwork to",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": "seek the 2010 Republican nomination for Governor of California the day after stepping down as Dean of Haas before going on to seek the 2010 Republican nomination for U.S . Senator from California ; neither Eastman and Campbell won the Republican nomination in their respective races ) .",
"title": "Law professor"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tom Campbell filed the necessary paperwork in order to establish a committee with the intent to raise funds for a prospective race for the Republican nomination to be Governor of California in 2010 . On January 13 , 2010 , the Wall Street Journal reported that Campbell would run for the United States Senate , instead of for Governor of California .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbells Web Site confirmed it . In the primary on June 8 , Campbell finished a distant second to former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina , in a race that also included State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore . The primary election received national attention , in part due to a campaign ad released by Carly Fiorina , depicting Campbell as a Demon Sheep .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 U.S . presidential election . In August 2016 , Campbell published an op-ed in The Mercury News calling on the Republican National Committee to replace Donald Trump as the nominee for President , and saying Campbell would withdraw from the Republican Party if that did not happen . Campbell wrote :",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "On Aug . 9 , Trump said , If she gets to pick her judges , nothing you can do , folks . .. . Although the Second Amendment people -- maybe there is , I dont know . Trumps campaign explained this meant Second Amendment supporters would defeat Clinton at the ballot box . That , however , is not a logical interpretation of the remark . The context was what can be done if Clinton becomes president ; not what can be done to stop her from becoming president . As such , this is a statement of",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "great recklessness , made all the more so by our present environment of violence used to advance extremism .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " Trumps words were similar to other calls he has made to ignore the rule of law . He has proposed ordering members of the U.S . military to violate American law regarding torture , assuring us that his orders , rather than the law , would be obeyed . He has encouraged physical violence by individuals against protesters at his rallies , assuring anyone doing so that he would cover their legal costs . He has threatened to use the antitrust laws against a company and an individual because the newspaper that individual owns has criticized him .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "Campbell also said he could not support the Democratic nominee , Hillary Clinton , either , due to her involvement in the email controversy . Campbell officially changed his registration to independent shortly thereafter .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Campbell wrote a column for the Orange County Register , which , while not endorsing Gary Johnson for president , suggested libertarian-leaning Republicans should consider him . Campbell was later one of 30 former Republican members of Congress who wrote an open letter denouncing Trumps candidacy . Campbell was also included on a list of potential Supreme Court nominees issued by Libertarian Party nominee Gary Johnson . Campbell was speculated to be a possible candidate for the Libertarian nomination in 2020 , but instead he endorsed former Judge Jim Gray for the nomination . Campbell proceeded to",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": "co-found the centrist Common Sense Party due to what he perceived as a want for such a party among California residents .",
"title": "Return to politics"
},
{
"text": " 2016 Anti-Defamation League Orange County/Long Beach Marcus Kaufman Jurisprudence Award 1998 University of Chicago Alumni Professional Achievement Award",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - CAMPBELL , Thomas J. , ( 1952– ) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Our Campaigns - Profile at Chapman University - Join California Tom Campbell",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/First_Hen_(Fabergé_egg)#P127#0
|
First Hen (Fabergé egg) was owned by whom between Jan 1888 and Mar 1908?
|
First Hen ( Fabergé egg ) The First Hen egg or Jeweled Hen egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg . It became the first in a series of more than 50 such jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family . It was delivered to Tsar Alexander III and given to his wife Maria Feodorovna in 1885 . The tsarina enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III quickly placed a standing order with Fabergé to create a new egg for his wife every Easter thereafter , requiring only that each egg be unique and that it contain some kind of surprise within it . This particular egg is now a part of the permanent collection of the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia . Design . While Fabergé was the owner of his workshop and while all of the eggs produced there are considered Fabergé eggs , Fabergé himself is not known to have ever participated in the actual construction of any of them , including the first . The crafting of the first Imperial egg is instead attributed to Erik Kollin of Fabergés workshop . It is made of gold completely coated with opaque white enamel to look like a real egg . A thin band of gold where the two halves of the shell are joined is visible around the middle of the egg . Surprise . The two halves of the outer shell fit together in a bayonet-style fitting which opens when twisted to reveal the eggs surprise , a round yolk of gold with a matte finish . This yolk itself opens to reveal a varicolored gold hen set with ruby eyes . The hen is hinged on the tail feathers which allows it to also open up to reveal still two further surprises , a gold and diamond replica of the imperial crown and a tiny ruby pendant that was suspended within it on a chain , both of which are now lost . History . Egg ordered by the Tsar . In the 19th century , Russian Orthodox Christians held Easter as the most important day of the year . Following a strict fast throughout all of Great Lent , Easter was a day of celebration of Christs resurrection . To celebrate this holiday , Tsar Alexander IIIs brother , the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich ordered Peter Fabergé to create an Easter surprise for the Tsarina . Correspondence between the Tsar and his brother dated March 21 , 1885 indicates the Grand Duke relayed the Tsars desires and instructions for the gift to Fabergé rather than the Tsar himself supervising the crafting of the egg . Amid terrorist attempts on the Imperial familys lives , the Tsar wanted to give his wife something that would take her mind off worries for the Easter of 1885 . Fabergé created an egg inspired by one the Tsarina knew from her childhood as a princess of Denmarks royal court . The egg , still in the Royal Danish Collection , is made of ivory instead of gold , has a ring instead of a pendant inside , and dates to the 18th century . Fabergé undoubtedly chose the design because the Tsarina would have recognized the design from her youth . The design delighted both the Tsar and Tsarina so much the Alexander III ordered one for the next Easter and granted Fabergé permission...to bear the title Supplier to the Imperial Court with the right to bear the State Coat of Arms in his shops sign . History after presentation to Tsarina . The Tsarina was impressed and delighted by the Easter gift from her husband . The egg was kept in the Anichkov Palace until the 1917 revolutions . At that time the revolutionaries seized the First Hen Egg along with most of the other imperial eggs and sent it to the Armory Palace of the Kremlin . A London dealer named either Derek or Frederick Berry purchased the egg from Russian officials around 1920 , probably in either Berlin or Paris . Christies of London sold the egg as lot 55 of the Berry Collection for £85 ( $430 ) to Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor in 1934 . Taylor was made Lord Grantchester in 1955 , and the egg formed part of the Grantchester estate when both Lord and Lady Taylor died within months of one another in 1976 . A La Vieille Russie of New York acquired the egg from the estate and sold it , together with the Resurrection Egg , to Forbes Magazine Collection in 1978 . Viktor Vekselberg purchased the First Hen Egg along with eight other imperial eggs from Forbes , together with the entire Forbes Fabergé collection , before they were to be auctioned . Vekselberg then returned the eggs to Russia where they are now on display in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg . External links . - Archived copy of The Hen Egg , Chapter 1 of Treasures of Imperial Russia - Mieks Fabergé Eggs
|
[
"Maria Feodorovna"
] |
[
{
"text": "The First Hen egg or Jeweled Hen egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg . It became the first in a series of more than 50 such jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family . It was delivered to Tsar Alexander III and given to his wife Maria Feodorovna in 1885 . The tsarina enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III quickly placed a standing order with Fabergé to create a new egg for his wife every Easter thereafter , requiring only that each egg be unique and that it contain some",
"title": "First Hen ( Fabergé egg )"
},
{
"text": "kind of surprise within it . This particular egg is now a part of the permanent collection of the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia .",
"title": "First Hen ( Fabergé egg )"
},
{
"text": "While Fabergé was the owner of his workshop and while all of the eggs produced there are considered Fabergé eggs , Fabergé himself is not known to have ever participated in the actual construction of any of them , including the first . The crafting of the first Imperial egg is instead attributed to Erik Kollin of Fabergés workshop . It is made of gold completely coated with opaque white enamel to look like a real egg . A thin band of gold where the two halves of the shell are joined is visible around the middle of the egg",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": "The two halves of the outer shell fit together in a bayonet-style fitting which opens when twisted to reveal the eggs surprise , a round yolk of gold with a matte finish . This yolk itself opens to reveal a varicolored gold hen set with ruby eyes . The hen is hinged on the tail feathers which allows it to also open up to reveal still two further surprises , a gold and diamond replica of the imperial crown and a tiny ruby pendant that was suspended within it on a chain , both of which are now lost .",
"title": "Surprise"
},
{
"text": "In the 19th century , Russian Orthodox Christians held Easter as the most important day of the year . Following a strict fast throughout all of Great Lent , Easter was a day of celebration of Christs resurrection . To celebrate this holiday , Tsar Alexander IIIs brother , the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich ordered Peter Fabergé to create an Easter surprise for the Tsarina . Correspondence between the Tsar and his brother dated March 21 , 1885 indicates the Grand Duke relayed the Tsars desires and instructions for the gift to Fabergé rather than the Tsar himself supervising the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "crafting of the egg . Amid terrorist attempts on the Imperial familys lives , the Tsar wanted to give his wife something that would take her mind off worries for the Easter of 1885 . Fabergé created an egg inspired by one the Tsarina knew from her childhood as a princess of Denmarks royal court . The egg , still in the Royal Danish Collection , is made of ivory instead of gold , has a ring instead of a pendant inside , and dates to the 18th century . Fabergé undoubtedly chose the design because the Tsarina would have",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "recognized the design from her youth . The design delighted both the Tsar and Tsarina so much the Alexander III ordered one for the next Easter and granted Fabergé permission...to bear the title Supplier to the Imperial Court with the right to bear the State Coat of Arms in his shops sign .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The Tsarina was impressed and delighted by the Easter gift from her husband . The egg was kept in the Anichkov Palace until the 1917 revolutions . At that time the revolutionaries seized the First Hen Egg along with most of the other imperial eggs and sent it to the Armory Palace of the Kremlin . A London dealer named either Derek or Frederick Berry purchased the egg from Russian officials around 1920 , probably in either Berlin or Paris . Christies of London sold the egg as lot 55 of the Berry Collection for £85 ( $430 ) to",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor in 1934 . Taylor was made Lord Grantchester in 1955 , and the egg formed part of the Grantchester estate when both Lord and Lady Taylor died within months of one another in 1976 . A La Vieille Russie of New York acquired the egg from the estate and sold it , together with the Resurrection Egg , to Forbes Magazine Collection in 1978 . Viktor Vekselberg purchased the First Hen Egg along with eight other imperial eggs from Forbes , together with the entire Forbes Fabergé collection , before they were to be auctioned . Vekselberg",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "then returned the eggs to Russia where they are now on display in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Archived copy of The Hen Egg , Chapter 1 of Treasures of Imperial Russia - Mieks Fabergé Eggs",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/First_Hen_(Fabergé_egg)#P127#1
|
First Hen (Fabergé egg) was owned by whom between Jul 1969 and Nov 1974?
|
First Hen ( Fabergé egg ) The First Hen egg or Jeweled Hen egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg . It became the first in a series of more than 50 such jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family . It was delivered to Tsar Alexander III and given to his wife Maria Feodorovna in 1885 . The tsarina enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III quickly placed a standing order with Fabergé to create a new egg for his wife every Easter thereafter , requiring only that each egg be unique and that it contain some kind of surprise within it . This particular egg is now a part of the permanent collection of the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia . Design . While Fabergé was the owner of his workshop and while all of the eggs produced there are considered Fabergé eggs , Fabergé himself is not known to have ever participated in the actual construction of any of them , including the first . The crafting of the first Imperial egg is instead attributed to Erik Kollin of Fabergés workshop . It is made of gold completely coated with opaque white enamel to look like a real egg . A thin band of gold where the two halves of the shell are joined is visible around the middle of the egg . Surprise . The two halves of the outer shell fit together in a bayonet-style fitting which opens when twisted to reveal the eggs surprise , a round yolk of gold with a matte finish . This yolk itself opens to reveal a varicolored gold hen set with ruby eyes . The hen is hinged on the tail feathers which allows it to also open up to reveal still two further surprises , a gold and diamond replica of the imperial crown and a tiny ruby pendant that was suspended within it on a chain , both of which are now lost . History . Egg ordered by the Tsar . In the 19th century , Russian Orthodox Christians held Easter as the most important day of the year . Following a strict fast throughout all of Great Lent , Easter was a day of celebration of Christs resurrection . To celebrate this holiday , Tsar Alexander IIIs brother , the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich ordered Peter Fabergé to create an Easter surprise for the Tsarina . Correspondence between the Tsar and his brother dated March 21 , 1885 indicates the Grand Duke relayed the Tsars desires and instructions for the gift to Fabergé rather than the Tsar himself supervising the crafting of the egg . Amid terrorist attempts on the Imperial familys lives , the Tsar wanted to give his wife something that would take her mind off worries for the Easter of 1885 . Fabergé created an egg inspired by one the Tsarina knew from her childhood as a princess of Denmarks royal court . The egg , still in the Royal Danish Collection , is made of ivory instead of gold , has a ring instead of a pendant inside , and dates to the 18th century . Fabergé undoubtedly chose the design because the Tsarina would have recognized the design from her youth . The design delighted both the Tsar and Tsarina so much the Alexander III ordered one for the next Easter and granted Fabergé permission...to bear the title Supplier to the Imperial Court with the right to bear the State Coat of Arms in his shops sign . History after presentation to Tsarina . The Tsarina was impressed and delighted by the Easter gift from her husband . The egg was kept in the Anichkov Palace until the 1917 revolutions . At that time the revolutionaries seized the First Hen Egg along with most of the other imperial eggs and sent it to the Armory Palace of the Kremlin . A London dealer named either Derek or Frederick Berry purchased the egg from Russian officials around 1920 , probably in either Berlin or Paris . Christies of London sold the egg as lot 55 of the Berry Collection for £85 ( $430 ) to Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor in 1934 . Taylor was made Lord Grantchester in 1955 , and the egg formed part of the Grantchester estate when both Lord and Lady Taylor died within months of one another in 1976 . A La Vieille Russie of New York acquired the egg from the estate and sold it , together with the Resurrection Egg , to Forbes Magazine Collection in 1978 . Viktor Vekselberg purchased the First Hen Egg along with eight other imperial eggs from Forbes , together with the entire Forbes Fabergé collection , before they were to be auctioned . Vekselberg then returned the eggs to Russia where they are now on display in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg . External links . - Archived copy of The Hen Egg , Chapter 1 of Treasures of Imperial Russia - Mieks Fabergé Eggs
|
[
"Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor"
] |
[
{
"text": "The First Hen egg or Jeweled Hen egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg . It became the first in a series of more than 50 such jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family . It was delivered to Tsar Alexander III and given to his wife Maria Feodorovna in 1885 . The tsarina enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III quickly placed a standing order with Fabergé to create a new egg for his wife every Easter thereafter , requiring only that each egg be unique and that it contain some",
"title": "First Hen ( Fabergé egg )"
},
{
"text": "kind of surprise within it . This particular egg is now a part of the permanent collection of the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia .",
"title": "First Hen ( Fabergé egg )"
},
{
"text": "While Fabergé was the owner of his workshop and while all of the eggs produced there are considered Fabergé eggs , Fabergé himself is not known to have ever participated in the actual construction of any of them , including the first . The crafting of the first Imperial egg is instead attributed to Erik Kollin of Fabergés workshop . It is made of gold completely coated with opaque white enamel to look like a real egg . A thin band of gold where the two halves of the shell are joined is visible around the middle of the egg",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": "The two halves of the outer shell fit together in a bayonet-style fitting which opens when twisted to reveal the eggs surprise , a round yolk of gold with a matte finish . This yolk itself opens to reveal a varicolored gold hen set with ruby eyes . The hen is hinged on the tail feathers which allows it to also open up to reveal still two further surprises , a gold and diamond replica of the imperial crown and a tiny ruby pendant that was suspended within it on a chain , both of which are now lost .",
"title": "Surprise"
},
{
"text": "In the 19th century , Russian Orthodox Christians held Easter as the most important day of the year . Following a strict fast throughout all of Great Lent , Easter was a day of celebration of Christs resurrection . To celebrate this holiday , Tsar Alexander IIIs brother , the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich ordered Peter Fabergé to create an Easter surprise for the Tsarina . Correspondence between the Tsar and his brother dated March 21 , 1885 indicates the Grand Duke relayed the Tsars desires and instructions for the gift to Fabergé rather than the Tsar himself supervising the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "crafting of the egg . Amid terrorist attempts on the Imperial familys lives , the Tsar wanted to give his wife something that would take her mind off worries for the Easter of 1885 . Fabergé created an egg inspired by one the Tsarina knew from her childhood as a princess of Denmarks royal court . The egg , still in the Royal Danish Collection , is made of ivory instead of gold , has a ring instead of a pendant inside , and dates to the 18th century . Fabergé undoubtedly chose the design because the Tsarina would have",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "recognized the design from her youth . The design delighted both the Tsar and Tsarina so much the Alexander III ordered one for the next Easter and granted Fabergé permission...to bear the title Supplier to the Imperial Court with the right to bear the State Coat of Arms in his shops sign .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The Tsarina was impressed and delighted by the Easter gift from her husband . The egg was kept in the Anichkov Palace until the 1917 revolutions . At that time the revolutionaries seized the First Hen Egg along with most of the other imperial eggs and sent it to the Armory Palace of the Kremlin . A London dealer named either Derek or Frederick Berry purchased the egg from Russian officials around 1920 , probably in either Berlin or Paris . Christies of London sold the egg as lot 55 of the Berry Collection for £85 ( $430 ) to",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor in 1934 . Taylor was made Lord Grantchester in 1955 , and the egg formed part of the Grantchester estate when both Lord and Lady Taylor died within months of one another in 1976 . A La Vieille Russie of New York acquired the egg from the estate and sold it , together with the Resurrection Egg , to Forbes Magazine Collection in 1978 . Viktor Vekselberg purchased the First Hen Egg along with eight other imperial eggs from Forbes , together with the entire Forbes Fabergé collection , before they were to be auctioned . Vekselberg",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "then returned the eggs to Russia where they are now on display in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Archived copy of The Hen Egg , Chapter 1 of Treasures of Imperial Russia - Mieks Fabergé Eggs",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/First_Hen_(Fabergé_egg)#P127#2
|
First Hen (Fabergé egg) was owned by whom between Feb 1978 and Oct 1989?
|
First Hen ( Fabergé egg ) The First Hen egg or Jeweled Hen egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg . It became the first in a series of more than 50 such jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family . It was delivered to Tsar Alexander III and given to his wife Maria Feodorovna in 1885 . The tsarina enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III quickly placed a standing order with Fabergé to create a new egg for his wife every Easter thereafter , requiring only that each egg be unique and that it contain some kind of surprise within it . This particular egg is now a part of the permanent collection of the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia . Design . While Fabergé was the owner of his workshop and while all of the eggs produced there are considered Fabergé eggs , Fabergé himself is not known to have ever participated in the actual construction of any of them , including the first . The crafting of the first Imperial egg is instead attributed to Erik Kollin of Fabergés workshop . It is made of gold completely coated with opaque white enamel to look like a real egg . A thin band of gold where the two halves of the shell are joined is visible around the middle of the egg . Surprise . The two halves of the outer shell fit together in a bayonet-style fitting which opens when twisted to reveal the eggs surprise , a round yolk of gold with a matte finish . This yolk itself opens to reveal a varicolored gold hen set with ruby eyes . The hen is hinged on the tail feathers which allows it to also open up to reveal still two further surprises , a gold and diamond replica of the imperial crown and a tiny ruby pendant that was suspended within it on a chain , both of which are now lost . History . Egg ordered by the Tsar . In the 19th century , Russian Orthodox Christians held Easter as the most important day of the year . Following a strict fast throughout all of Great Lent , Easter was a day of celebration of Christs resurrection . To celebrate this holiday , Tsar Alexander IIIs brother , the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich ordered Peter Fabergé to create an Easter surprise for the Tsarina . Correspondence between the Tsar and his brother dated March 21 , 1885 indicates the Grand Duke relayed the Tsars desires and instructions for the gift to Fabergé rather than the Tsar himself supervising the crafting of the egg . Amid terrorist attempts on the Imperial familys lives , the Tsar wanted to give his wife something that would take her mind off worries for the Easter of 1885 . Fabergé created an egg inspired by one the Tsarina knew from her childhood as a princess of Denmarks royal court . The egg , still in the Royal Danish Collection , is made of ivory instead of gold , has a ring instead of a pendant inside , and dates to the 18th century . Fabergé undoubtedly chose the design because the Tsarina would have recognized the design from her youth . The design delighted both the Tsar and Tsarina so much the Alexander III ordered one for the next Easter and granted Fabergé permission...to bear the title Supplier to the Imperial Court with the right to bear the State Coat of Arms in his shops sign . History after presentation to Tsarina . The Tsarina was impressed and delighted by the Easter gift from her husband . The egg was kept in the Anichkov Palace until the 1917 revolutions . At that time the revolutionaries seized the First Hen Egg along with most of the other imperial eggs and sent it to the Armory Palace of the Kremlin . A London dealer named either Derek or Frederick Berry purchased the egg from Russian officials around 1920 , probably in either Berlin or Paris . Christies of London sold the egg as lot 55 of the Berry Collection for £85 ( $430 ) to Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor in 1934 . Taylor was made Lord Grantchester in 1955 , and the egg formed part of the Grantchester estate when both Lord and Lady Taylor died within months of one another in 1976 . A La Vieille Russie of New York acquired the egg from the estate and sold it , together with the Resurrection Egg , to Forbes Magazine Collection in 1978 . Viktor Vekselberg purchased the First Hen Egg along with eight other imperial eggs from Forbes , together with the entire Forbes Fabergé collection , before they were to be auctioned . Vekselberg then returned the eggs to Russia where they are now on display in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg . External links . - Archived copy of The Hen Egg , Chapter 1 of Treasures of Imperial Russia - Mieks Fabergé Eggs
|
[
"Viktor Vekselberg"
] |
[
{
"text": "The First Hen egg or Jeweled Hen egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg . It became the first in a series of more than 50 such jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family . It was delivered to Tsar Alexander III and given to his wife Maria Feodorovna in 1885 . The tsarina enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III quickly placed a standing order with Fabergé to create a new egg for his wife every Easter thereafter , requiring only that each egg be unique and that it contain some",
"title": "First Hen ( Fabergé egg )"
},
{
"text": "kind of surprise within it . This particular egg is now a part of the permanent collection of the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia .",
"title": "First Hen ( Fabergé egg )"
},
{
"text": "While Fabergé was the owner of his workshop and while all of the eggs produced there are considered Fabergé eggs , Fabergé himself is not known to have ever participated in the actual construction of any of them , including the first . The crafting of the first Imperial egg is instead attributed to Erik Kollin of Fabergés workshop . It is made of gold completely coated with opaque white enamel to look like a real egg . A thin band of gold where the two halves of the shell are joined is visible around the middle of the egg",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": "The two halves of the outer shell fit together in a bayonet-style fitting which opens when twisted to reveal the eggs surprise , a round yolk of gold with a matte finish . This yolk itself opens to reveal a varicolored gold hen set with ruby eyes . The hen is hinged on the tail feathers which allows it to also open up to reveal still two further surprises , a gold and diamond replica of the imperial crown and a tiny ruby pendant that was suspended within it on a chain , both of which are now lost .",
"title": "Surprise"
},
{
"text": "In the 19th century , Russian Orthodox Christians held Easter as the most important day of the year . Following a strict fast throughout all of Great Lent , Easter was a day of celebration of Christs resurrection . To celebrate this holiday , Tsar Alexander IIIs brother , the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich ordered Peter Fabergé to create an Easter surprise for the Tsarina . Correspondence between the Tsar and his brother dated March 21 , 1885 indicates the Grand Duke relayed the Tsars desires and instructions for the gift to Fabergé rather than the Tsar himself supervising the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "crafting of the egg . Amid terrorist attempts on the Imperial familys lives , the Tsar wanted to give his wife something that would take her mind off worries for the Easter of 1885 . Fabergé created an egg inspired by one the Tsarina knew from her childhood as a princess of Denmarks royal court . The egg , still in the Royal Danish Collection , is made of ivory instead of gold , has a ring instead of a pendant inside , and dates to the 18th century . Fabergé undoubtedly chose the design because the Tsarina would have",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "recognized the design from her youth . The design delighted both the Tsar and Tsarina so much the Alexander III ordered one for the next Easter and granted Fabergé permission...to bear the title Supplier to the Imperial Court with the right to bear the State Coat of Arms in his shops sign .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The Tsarina was impressed and delighted by the Easter gift from her husband . The egg was kept in the Anichkov Palace until the 1917 revolutions . At that time the revolutionaries seized the First Hen Egg along with most of the other imperial eggs and sent it to the Armory Palace of the Kremlin . A London dealer named either Derek or Frederick Berry purchased the egg from Russian officials around 1920 , probably in either Berlin or Paris . Christies of London sold the egg as lot 55 of the Berry Collection for £85 ( $430 ) to",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor in 1934 . Taylor was made Lord Grantchester in 1955 , and the egg formed part of the Grantchester estate when both Lord and Lady Taylor died within months of one another in 1976 . A La Vieille Russie of New York acquired the egg from the estate and sold it , together with the Resurrection Egg , to Forbes Magazine Collection in 1978 . Viktor Vekselberg purchased the First Hen Egg along with eight other imperial eggs from Forbes , together with the entire Forbes Fabergé collection , before they were to be auctioned . Vekselberg",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "then returned the eggs to Russia where they are now on display in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Archived copy of The Hen Egg , Chapter 1 of Treasures of Imperial Russia - Mieks Fabergé Eggs",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/First_Hen_(Fabergé_egg)#P127#3
|
First Hen (Fabergé egg) was owned by whom between Aug 1991 and Mar 1995?
|
First Hen ( Fabergé egg ) The First Hen egg or Jeweled Hen egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg . It became the first in a series of more than 50 such jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family . It was delivered to Tsar Alexander III and given to his wife Maria Feodorovna in 1885 . The tsarina enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III quickly placed a standing order with Fabergé to create a new egg for his wife every Easter thereafter , requiring only that each egg be unique and that it contain some kind of surprise within it . This particular egg is now a part of the permanent collection of the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia . Design . While Fabergé was the owner of his workshop and while all of the eggs produced there are considered Fabergé eggs , Fabergé himself is not known to have ever participated in the actual construction of any of them , including the first . The crafting of the first Imperial egg is instead attributed to Erik Kollin of Fabergés workshop . It is made of gold completely coated with opaque white enamel to look like a real egg . A thin band of gold where the two halves of the shell are joined is visible around the middle of the egg . Surprise . The two halves of the outer shell fit together in a bayonet-style fitting which opens when twisted to reveal the eggs surprise , a round yolk of gold with a matte finish . This yolk itself opens to reveal a varicolored gold hen set with ruby eyes . The hen is hinged on the tail feathers which allows it to also open up to reveal still two further surprises , a gold and diamond replica of the imperial crown and a tiny ruby pendant that was suspended within it on a chain , both of which are now lost . History . Egg ordered by the Tsar . In the 19th century , Russian Orthodox Christians held Easter as the most important day of the year . Following a strict fast throughout all of Great Lent , Easter was a day of celebration of Christs resurrection . To celebrate this holiday , Tsar Alexander IIIs brother , the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich ordered Peter Fabergé to create an Easter surprise for the Tsarina . Correspondence between the Tsar and his brother dated March 21 , 1885 indicates the Grand Duke relayed the Tsars desires and instructions for the gift to Fabergé rather than the Tsar himself supervising the crafting of the egg . Amid terrorist attempts on the Imperial familys lives , the Tsar wanted to give his wife something that would take her mind off worries for the Easter of 1885 . Fabergé created an egg inspired by one the Tsarina knew from her childhood as a princess of Denmarks royal court . The egg , still in the Royal Danish Collection , is made of ivory instead of gold , has a ring instead of a pendant inside , and dates to the 18th century . Fabergé undoubtedly chose the design because the Tsarina would have recognized the design from her youth . The design delighted both the Tsar and Tsarina so much the Alexander III ordered one for the next Easter and granted Fabergé permission...to bear the title Supplier to the Imperial Court with the right to bear the State Coat of Arms in his shops sign . History after presentation to Tsarina . The Tsarina was impressed and delighted by the Easter gift from her husband . The egg was kept in the Anichkov Palace until the 1917 revolutions . At that time the revolutionaries seized the First Hen Egg along with most of the other imperial eggs and sent it to the Armory Palace of the Kremlin . A London dealer named either Derek or Frederick Berry purchased the egg from Russian officials around 1920 , probably in either Berlin or Paris . Christies of London sold the egg as lot 55 of the Berry Collection for £85 ( $430 ) to Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor in 1934 . Taylor was made Lord Grantchester in 1955 , and the egg formed part of the Grantchester estate when both Lord and Lady Taylor died within months of one another in 1976 . A La Vieille Russie of New York acquired the egg from the estate and sold it , together with the Resurrection Egg , to Forbes Magazine Collection in 1978 . Viktor Vekselberg purchased the First Hen Egg along with eight other imperial eggs from Forbes , together with the entire Forbes Fabergé collection , before they were to be auctioned . Vekselberg then returned the eggs to Russia where they are now on display in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg . External links . - Archived copy of The Hen Egg , Chapter 1 of Treasures of Imperial Russia - Mieks Fabergé Eggs
|
[
"Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg"
] |
[
{
"text": "The First Hen egg or Jeweled Hen egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg . It became the first in a series of more than 50 such jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family . It was delivered to Tsar Alexander III and given to his wife Maria Feodorovna in 1885 . The tsarina enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III quickly placed a standing order with Fabergé to create a new egg for his wife every Easter thereafter , requiring only that each egg be unique and that it contain some",
"title": "First Hen ( Fabergé egg )"
},
{
"text": "kind of surprise within it . This particular egg is now a part of the permanent collection of the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia .",
"title": "First Hen ( Fabergé egg )"
},
{
"text": "While Fabergé was the owner of his workshop and while all of the eggs produced there are considered Fabergé eggs , Fabergé himself is not known to have ever participated in the actual construction of any of them , including the first . The crafting of the first Imperial egg is instead attributed to Erik Kollin of Fabergés workshop . It is made of gold completely coated with opaque white enamel to look like a real egg . A thin band of gold where the two halves of the shell are joined is visible around the middle of the egg",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": "The two halves of the outer shell fit together in a bayonet-style fitting which opens when twisted to reveal the eggs surprise , a round yolk of gold with a matte finish . This yolk itself opens to reveal a varicolored gold hen set with ruby eyes . The hen is hinged on the tail feathers which allows it to also open up to reveal still two further surprises , a gold and diamond replica of the imperial crown and a tiny ruby pendant that was suspended within it on a chain , both of which are now lost .",
"title": "Surprise"
},
{
"text": "In the 19th century , Russian Orthodox Christians held Easter as the most important day of the year . Following a strict fast throughout all of Great Lent , Easter was a day of celebration of Christs resurrection . To celebrate this holiday , Tsar Alexander IIIs brother , the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich ordered Peter Fabergé to create an Easter surprise for the Tsarina . Correspondence between the Tsar and his brother dated March 21 , 1885 indicates the Grand Duke relayed the Tsars desires and instructions for the gift to Fabergé rather than the Tsar himself supervising the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "crafting of the egg . Amid terrorist attempts on the Imperial familys lives , the Tsar wanted to give his wife something that would take her mind off worries for the Easter of 1885 . Fabergé created an egg inspired by one the Tsarina knew from her childhood as a princess of Denmarks royal court . The egg , still in the Royal Danish Collection , is made of ivory instead of gold , has a ring instead of a pendant inside , and dates to the 18th century . Fabergé undoubtedly chose the design because the Tsarina would have",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "recognized the design from her youth . The design delighted both the Tsar and Tsarina so much the Alexander III ordered one for the next Easter and granted Fabergé permission...to bear the title Supplier to the Imperial Court with the right to bear the State Coat of Arms in his shops sign .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The Tsarina was impressed and delighted by the Easter gift from her husband . The egg was kept in the Anichkov Palace until the 1917 revolutions . At that time the revolutionaries seized the First Hen Egg along with most of the other imperial eggs and sent it to the Armory Palace of the Kremlin . A London dealer named either Derek or Frederick Berry purchased the egg from Russian officials around 1920 , probably in either Berlin or Paris . Christies of London sold the egg as lot 55 of the Berry Collection for £85 ( $430 ) to",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor in 1934 . Taylor was made Lord Grantchester in 1955 , and the egg formed part of the Grantchester estate when both Lord and Lady Taylor died within months of one another in 1976 . A La Vieille Russie of New York acquired the egg from the estate and sold it , together with the Resurrection Egg , to Forbes Magazine Collection in 1978 . Viktor Vekselberg purchased the First Hen Egg along with eight other imperial eggs from Forbes , together with the entire Forbes Fabergé collection , before they were to be auctioned . Vekselberg",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "then returned the eggs to Russia where they are now on display in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Archived copy of The Hen Egg , Chapter 1 of Treasures of Imperial Russia - Mieks Fabergé Eggs",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/First_Hen_(Fabergé_egg)#P127#4
|
First Hen (Fabergé egg) was owned by whom in Jan 2004?
|
First Hen ( Fabergé egg ) The First Hen egg or Jeweled Hen egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg . It became the first in a series of more than 50 such jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family . It was delivered to Tsar Alexander III and given to his wife Maria Feodorovna in 1885 . The tsarina enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III quickly placed a standing order with Fabergé to create a new egg for his wife every Easter thereafter , requiring only that each egg be unique and that it contain some kind of surprise within it . This particular egg is now a part of the permanent collection of the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia . Design . While Fabergé was the owner of his workshop and while all of the eggs produced there are considered Fabergé eggs , Fabergé himself is not known to have ever participated in the actual construction of any of them , including the first . The crafting of the first Imperial egg is instead attributed to Erik Kollin of Fabergés workshop . It is made of gold completely coated with opaque white enamel to look like a real egg . A thin band of gold where the two halves of the shell are joined is visible around the middle of the egg . Surprise . The two halves of the outer shell fit together in a bayonet-style fitting which opens when twisted to reveal the eggs surprise , a round yolk of gold with a matte finish . This yolk itself opens to reveal a varicolored gold hen set with ruby eyes . The hen is hinged on the tail feathers which allows it to also open up to reveal still two further surprises , a gold and diamond replica of the imperial crown and a tiny ruby pendant that was suspended within it on a chain , both of which are now lost . History . Egg ordered by the Tsar . In the 19th century , Russian Orthodox Christians held Easter as the most important day of the year . Following a strict fast throughout all of Great Lent , Easter was a day of celebration of Christs resurrection . To celebrate this holiday , Tsar Alexander IIIs brother , the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich ordered Peter Fabergé to create an Easter surprise for the Tsarina . Correspondence between the Tsar and his brother dated March 21 , 1885 indicates the Grand Duke relayed the Tsars desires and instructions for the gift to Fabergé rather than the Tsar himself supervising the crafting of the egg . Amid terrorist attempts on the Imperial familys lives , the Tsar wanted to give his wife something that would take her mind off worries for the Easter of 1885 . Fabergé created an egg inspired by one the Tsarina knew from her childhood as a princess of Denmarks royal court . The egg , still in the Royal Danish Collection , is made of ivory instead of gold , has a ring instead of a pendant inside , and dates to the 18th century . Fabergé undoubtedly chose the design because the Tsarina would have recognized the design from her youth . The design delighted both the Tsar and Tsarina so much the Alexander III ordered one for the next Easter and granted Fabergé permission...to bear the title Supplier to the Imperial Court with the right to bear the State Coat of Arms in his shops sign . History after presentation to Tsarina . The Tsarina was impressed and delighted by the Easter gift from her husband . The egg was kept in the Anichkov Palace until the 1917 revolutions . At that time the revolutionaries seized the First Hen Egg along with most of the other imperial eggs and sent it to the Armory Palace of the Kremlin . A London dealer named either Derek or Frederick Berry purchased the egg from Russian officials around 1920 , probably in either Berlin or Paris . Christies of London sold the egg as lot 55 of the Berry Collection for £85 ( $430 ) to Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor in 1934 . Taylor was made Lord Grantchester in 1955 , and the egg formed part of the Grantchester estate when both Lord and Lady Taylor died within months of one another in 1976 . A La Vieille Russie of New York acquired the egg from the estate and sold it , together with the Resurrection Egg , to Forbes Magazine Collection in 1978 . Viktor Vekselberg purchased the First Hen Egg along with eight other imperial eggs from Forbes , together with the entire Forbes Fabergé collection , before they were to be auctioned . Vekselberg then returned the eggs to Russia where they are now on display in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg . External links . - Archived copy of The Hen Egg , Chapter 1 of Treasures of Imperial Russia - Mieks Fabergé Eggs
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "The First Hen egg or Jeweled Hen egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg . It became the first in a series of more than 50 such jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family . It was delivered to Tsar Alexander III and given to his wife Maria Feodorovna in 1885 . The tsarina enjoyed the egg so much that Alexander III quickly placed a standing order with Fabergé to create a new egg for his wife every Easter thereafter , requiring only that each egg be unique and that it contain some",
"title": "First Hen ( Fabergé egg )"
},
{
"text": "kind of surprise within it . This particular egg is now a part of the permanent collection of the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg , Russia .",
"title": "First Hen ( Fabergé egg )"
},
{
"text": "While Fabergé was the owner of his workshop and while all of the eggs produced there are considered Fabergé eggs , Fabergé himself is not known to have ever participated in the actual construction of any of them , including the first . The crafting of the first Imperial egg is instead attributed to Erik Kollin of Fabergés workshop . It is made of gold completely coated with opaque white enamel to look like a real egg . A thin band of gold where the two halves of the shell are joined is visible around the middle of the egg",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": "The two halves of the outer shell fit together in a bayonet-style fitting which opens when twisted to reveal the eggs surprise , a round yolk of gold with a matte finish . This yolk itself opens to reveal a varicolored gold hen set with ruby eyes . The hen is hinged on the tail feathers which allows it to also open up to reveal still two further surprises , a gold and diamond replica of the imperial crown and a tiny ruby pendant that was suspended within it on a chain , both of which are now lost .",
"title": "Surprise"
},
{
"text": "In the 19th century , Russian Orthodox Christians held Easter as the most important day of the year . Following a strict fast throughout all of Great Lent , Easter was a day of celebration of Christs resurrection . To celebrate this holiday , Tsar Alexander IIIs brother , the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich ordered Peter Fabergé to create an Easter surprise for the Tsarina . Correspondence between the Tsar and his brother dated March 21 , 1885 indicates the Grand Duke relayed the Tsars desires and instructions for the gift to Fabergé rather than the Tsar himself supervising the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "crafting of the egg . Amid terrorist attempts on the Imperial familys lives , the Tsar wanted to give his wife something that would take her mind off worries for the Easter of 1885 . Fabergé created an egg inspired by one the Tsarina knew from her childhood as a princess of Denmarks royal court . The egg , still in the Royal Danish Collection , is made of ivory instead of gold , has a ring instead of a pendant inside , and dates to the 18th century . Fabergé undoubtedly chose the design because the Tsarina would have",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "recognized the design from her youth . The design delighted both the Tsar and Tsarina so much the Alexander III ordered one for the next Easter and granted Fabergé permission...to bear the title Supplier to the Imperial Court with the right to bear the State Coat of Arms in his shops sign .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The Tsarina was impressed and delighted by the Easter gift from her husband . The egg was kept in the Anichkov Palace until the 1917 revolutions . At that time the revolutionaries seized the First Hen Egg along with most of the other imperial eggs and sent it to the Armory Palace of the Kremlin . A London dealer named either Derek or Frederick Berry purchased the egg from Russian officials around 1920 , probably in either Berlin or Paris . Christies of London sold the egg as lot 55 of the Berry Collection for £85 ( $430 ) to",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Mr Alfred Suenson-Taylor in 1934 . Taylor was made Lord Grantchester in 1955 , and the egg formed part of the Grantchester estate when both Lord and Lady Taylor died within months of one another in 1976 . A La Vieille Russie of New York acquired the egg from the estate and sold it , together with the Resurrection Egg , to Forbes Magazine Collection in 1978 . Viktor Vekselberg purchased the First Hen Egg along with eight other imperial eggs from Forbes , together with the entire Forbes Fabergé collection , before they were to be auctioned . Vekselberg",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "then returned the eggs to Russia where they are now on display in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Archived copy of The Hen Egg , Chapter 1 of Treasures of Imperial Russia - Mieks Fabergé Eggs",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Wang_Jin-pyng#P39#0
|
What position did Wang Jin-pyng take between Nov 1998 and Dec 1998?
|
Wang Jin-pyng Wang Jin-pyng ( ; born March 17 , 1941 ) is a Taiwanese politician . He served as President of the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2016 , which makes him Taiwans longest-serving legislative speaker . Once a leading figure of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) , Wang is considered to be soft-spoken and a conciliatory figure who has often brokered deals between the KMT and opposition DPP . Due to his longevity , experience and influence in political scene , he is widely a respected figure in Taiwanese politics . He was replaced by Democratic Progressive Partys Su Jia-chyuan as President of the Legislative Yuan after a decisive victory for the DPP in the 2016 election . Early life . Wang was born in a simple rural community in Rochiku Village , Takao Prefecture , Taiwan , Empire of Japan ( modern-day Lujhu , Kaohsiung ) . Living a villagers life , Wang gained positive mental and physical condition . Wang excelled in sports during his school years . His teachers encouraged him to enter the physical education department in university . Wang finished his elementary school in Tainan Municipal Dashe Elementary School . He finished his junior and senior high school from the Tainan First Senior High School in Tainan . In this school , Wang had always become the team leader of the schools tennis team . He finally graduated from the Teachers College of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics in 1965 . Wang said that he never put extra efforts in academic studies since childhood and he does not believe in renowned star schools . However , his grades have always been good and his education went smoothly throughout his school years . Early career . Upon graduation , Wang worked as a mathematics teacher for a year at the Provincial Ging-Der Senior High School in Changhua County . After his mandatory military service in the Republic of China Military Police was completed , Wang returned home to work for the family-run food processing company dealing with export and import trade . In early 1975 , he represented his family business in the founding of Kaohsiung Industrial Association . He was elected as the director-in-chief of the association . His job involved travelling throughout Taiwan to inspect member factories and led to his entry into politics later that year . Political career . Legislative Yuan . Following his victory in the 1975 supplementary legislative election for the Kaohsiung County constituency , Wang took his seat in the Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1976 from being held by Huang Tung-shu previously . He has since been reelected eight times . From 1976 until 1990 , he was a member of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Yuan . In 1980 , 1987 and 1990 , Wang acted many times to assemble members of the Financial Committee and put his efforts forward in making some possible historical policies , such as introducing innovative tax system , opening up the establishment of security firms , lifting prohibition of setting up private banks , removing foreign exchange control schemes and other policies . Kuomintang . On 10 April 1990 , Wang was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Central Policy Committee of the KMT , and then on 17 November 1990 , he was appointed as the Chairman of the Central Policy Committees Finance Commission . Wang became the KMTs first Director-General of the Committee on Coordination between Party and Government and the KMT Caucus Convener in the Legislative Yuan in 1992 following the retirement of all of Legislative Yuan first senior members on 31 December 1991 . During that time , Wang was posted as KMT supervisor and started to search for a mechanism to make cross party negotiation possible . On 27 August 1993 , Wang was elected to become the member of KMT Central Committee , and subsequently the member of Central Standing Committee during the 14th nationwide representative meeting of the party . China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association . In 1993 , Wang was appointed as the Director of China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association where he became more active in promoting parliamentary diplomacy . Taiwan Foundation for Democracy . In 2003 Wang was elected as the chairman of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy , which was a democracy developing project set up by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the ROC . Other organizations . Wang also holds other public welfare positions , such as the President of the Council for Taiwan Major League Baseball Association , Board Chairman of the Formosa Cancer Foundation , President of the Council for National Volunteer Fire Fighters’ Association , Honored Board Chairman of the Charity Mothers Association and Honored Board Chairman of the National No-Barrier Space Development Association . Legislative Yuan Vice Presidency . On 1 February 1993 , Wang became the KMT candidate for the nomination of Vice President post of the Legislative Yuan . Supported by the majority , he secured his post and started to lead the congress . He renewed his three-year post in 1996 , serving the post consecutively from 1 February 1993 until 31 January 1999 . During his office term , Wang successfully completed the passing of many important laws , such as the Self-governance Law for Provinces and Counties , Municipal Self-governance Law , National Health Insurance Law , February 28 Incident Disposition and Compensation Act , Joint Development Law , Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Law , Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Law , Government Procurement Law , Three Laws Pertaining to National Security , Three Laws Pertaining to Communication . Wang was also actively involved in promoting congress diplomacy . He had represented the Legislative Yuan as Vice President visiting abroad and also as representative to receive guests from foreign countries . Kuomintang Vice Chairmanship . Wang had been the vice chairman of KMT in 2000-2005 . ROC Presidential election . During the 2004 presidential election , he served as campaign manager for the Lien Chan and James Soong ticket . Considered part of the pro-localization faction in the KMT , his strong support and active campaigning for the Lien-Soong ticket was considered very significant as it blunted criticism that Lien-Soong were anti-Taiwan . There were calls , which he ignored , from many figures such as Lee Teng-hui for him to abandon Lien and join the Taiwan Solidarity Union before the election . Prior to July 2005 , he was , along with Ma Ying-jeou touted as possible presidential candidates for 2008 . As a southerner , a native Hoklo speaker , and a legislator and person identified with the pro-localization faction of the Kuomintang , he was expected to provide balance to Ma Ying-jeou , who was rooted in northern Taiwan , and someone more identified with the unification-leaning parts of the party . 2005 KMT Chairmanship election . However , on 16 July 2005 , Ma defeated Wang in the first competitive election for KMT chairmanship by a 72% to 28% margin , a margin larger than anticipated by either camp or news sources , despite Wangs receiving a last-minute endorsement by People First Party chairman James Soong , who had retained significant following within the KMT . Immediately after the election , Ma stated repeatedly that he wished Wang to remain as first-ranked deputy chairman . Wang , however , has so far rebuffed the gesture , instead stating that he wishes to serve as permanent volunteer , and snubbed Ma by refusing to meet with him . Wang has , indeed , accepted a party post that is incompatible with vice chairmanship , effectively ending the possibility that he would be vice chairman , although after meeting with Wang , Ma said that he would leave the position open for Wang . Most political commentators believe the KMT chairmanship election definitively put Ma Ying-jeou as the front-runner for the KMT nomination in 2008 ; this was proved correct as Ma won the KMT nomination for 2008 president on 2 May , virtually uncontested . Although Wang did not join the primary election , Wang has also not ruled out running as an independent . Though Ma had offered Wang the nomination as the KMTs Vice Presidential candidate , Wang recently declined the offer , saying that the pressure of being legislative Speaker was too great for him to be able to consider the offer . After weeks of talks and discussions among the Pan-Blue heavy weights including Lien , Wang , Wu and Ma , there was no agreement made to field a Ma-Wang President-Vice President ticket . At the end , Wang decided to turn down Mas offer of Vice Presidency , but stated that he would do his utmost to support Ma in the upcoming election . Legislative Yuan Presidency . 4th Legislative Yuan . Due to his easygoing nature and willingness to listen to differing perspectives , Wang was elected as President of the 4th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1999 with a majority vote of 135 out of 225 seats . Within just one year after taking his new post , Wang promoted adjustments in organization , reinforced staff members , crossed party negotiation according to the five major Legislative Reorganization Act . By doing so , he opened a model in congress reform and contributed to the completion of discussion by the end of the 4th session . During the first half of the session , Wang had passed a total of 60 new laws , confirming the plan to move Legislative Yuan to a new place . In the second half of the session , a total of 96 laws were passed , the second highest in ROC history when 148 laws were passed in 1948 . 5th Legislative Yuan . The KMT lost its majority for the first time in the 2001 legislative election , but through the narrow Pan-Blue Coalition majority , he was reelected president for the 5th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 2002 . As Legislative Yuan President , Wang has gained a reputation of being a soft-spoken figure capable of reaching across party lines . 6th Legislative Yuan . 2005 Busan APEC . In the APEC meeting at South Korea in late 2005 , President Chen Shui-bian nominated Wang as the representative for Chinese Taipei , the designated name for ROC in APEC . The KMT approved of the nomination . This nomination did not become a reality , however , as the PRC pressured South Korea to ask for a second nomination . Despite lobbying by former South Korean president Kim Young-sam , who visited Chen in that time period , Chen was forced to name another person . This cat fight actually exacerbated Taiwans image , as the summit yearbook did not even mention Taiwans presence . The host explanation was that the second nomination was submitted well past the deadline for the yearbook . 7th Legislative Yuan . Until 2011 , Kuomintang legislators were barred from seeking an at-large third term . The restriction was lifted that year , for politicians who made special contributions to the party , meet the needs of the party and have served as legislative speaker , and Wang continued serving as Yuan President . During the final plenary session of the 7th Legislative Yuan on 14 December 2011 , Wang said that the Yuan had passed a total of 896 bills and resolutions over the past four years , including the Special Statute for Distributing Consumption Vouchers for Revitalizing the Economy , Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and legislation regarding the 2G national health insurance program , gender equality and justice in housing . Wang encouraged the yuan to continue its oversight functions on behalf of the public in the future as a power to promote the development of Taiwan . 8th Legislative Yuan . Influence peddling . On 7 September 2013 , according to information gathered through wiretap recordings , President Ma Ying-Jeou accused Wang of influence peddling , a move that damages KMT reputation . The move came during Wangs trip to Malaysia to attend his daughters wedding . Wang was officially expelled from the KMT on 11 September , disqualifying his eligibility to serve as a KMT legislator and ending his 14-year speakership tenure in the Legislative Yuan . The Special Investigation Division of the ROC Supreme Prosecutor Office accused Wang of illegally lobbying for Democratic Progressive Party caucus whip Ker Chien-ming in a breach of trust case by asking the then-Minister of Justice Tseng Yung-fu and the Head Prosecutor of Taiwan High Prosecutors Office Chen Shou-huang ( 陳守煌 ) to use their influence to stop an appeal of a not-guilty verdict for Ker . On 11 September 2013 , Wang sent an attorney to the Taipei District Court to file for an injunction for his KMT membership revocation . On 13 September 2013 , the court approved Wangs request for which Wang had to put NT$9.38 million as a bail . This move ruled that Wang is still the member of Kuomintang and the President of Legislative Yuan until further notice . This court decision however is rejected by KMT Chairman and President Ma Ying-jeou and announced that the party will file for a counter-appeal against the decision . Many support movements around Taiwan were shown to support Wang . After the disciplinary action against Wang , 11 neighborhood wardens in Wangs hometown in Lujhu , Kaohsiung gave up their KMT membership . Wang called upon them to stay within they party . Upon Wangs arrival in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport from Malaysia , thousands of supporters awaited him , including lawmaker Hung Hsiu-chu . People First Party Chairman James Soong criticized Ma regarding the allegation , citing that politics should have some humanity . Support for President Ma Ying-jeou came from Wang Chien-shien , President of Control Yuan . He said that despite KMT legislators comprising about three-quarters , or 84 members out of total 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan , the KMT was still being held hostage by opposition Democratic Progressive Party , adding that KMT had accomplish nothing from 2008 until 2012 due to Wang Jin-pyngs inability to deal with people and negotiate . The KMT officially lifted at large term limits for affiliated politicians who had previously served as leader of the legislature in October 2015 . Later political career . On 7 March 2019 , Wang announced his intention to contest the Kuomintang nomination for the 2020 Taiwan presidential election . He withdrew from the 2019 Kuomintang presidential primary on 6 June 2019 . On 17 June , Wang reiterated , I will run [ for president ] to the end , although it is difficult to explain how I will do that , though he would not consider leaving the Kuomintang or a vice presidential candidacy . Personal life . Wangs father , Wang Ko , is the man behind Wangs current family business today . At the age of 28 , on 26 March 1969 Wang met his then-future wife Chen Tsai-lien during the anniversary celebration of Shih Chien Home Economics College at the Feng-Lin Restaurant . It was love at the first sight and both felt a deep connection towards one another . They held their engagement ceremony at Mandarina Crown Hotel . External links . - Legislative Yuan homepage
|
[
"KMT Central Committee"
] |
[
{
"text": "Wang Jin-pyng ( ; born March 17 , 1941 ) is a Taiwanese politician . He served as President of the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2016 , which makes him Taiwans longest-serving legislative speaker . Once a leading figure of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) , Wang is considered to be soft-spoken and a conciliatory figure who has often brokered deals between the KMT and opposition DPP . Due to his longevity , experience and influence in political scene , he is widely a respected figure in Taiwanese politics . He was replaced by Democratic Progressive Partys Su Jia-chyuan",
"title": "Wang Jin-pyng"
},
{
"text": "as President of the Legislative Yuan after a decisive victory for the DPP in the 2016 election .",
"title": "Wang Jin-pyng"
},
{
"text": " Wang was born in a simple rural community in Rochiku Village , Takao Prefecture , Taiwan , Empire of Japan ( modern-day Lujhu , Kaohsiung ) . Living a villagers life , Wang gained positive mental and physical condition . Wang excelled in sports during his school years . His teachers encouraged him to enter the physical education department in university .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Wang finished his elementary school in Tainan Municipal Dashe Elementary School . He finished his junior and senior high school from the Tainan First Senior High School in Tainan . In this school , Wang had always become the team leader of the schools tennis team .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He finally graduated from the Teachers College of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics in 1965 . Wang said that he never put extra efforts in academic studies since childhood and he does not believe in renowned star schools . However , his grades have always been good and his education went smoothly throughout his school years .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduation , Wang worked as a mathematics teacher for a year at the Provincial Ging-Der Senior High School in Changhua County . After his mandatory military service in the Republic of China Military Police was completed , Wang returned home to work for the family-run food processing company dealing with export and import trade .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In early 1975 , he represented his family business in the founding of Kaohsiung Industrial Association . He was elected as the director-in-chief of the association . His job involved travelling throughout Taiwan to inspect member factories and led to his entry into politics later that year .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " Following his victory in the 1975 supplementary legislative election for the Kaohsiung County constituency , Wang took his seat in the Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1976 from being held by Huang Tung-shu previously . He has since been reelected eight times .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan"
},
{
"text": "From 1976 until 1990 , he was a member of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Yuan . In 1980 , 1987 and 1990 , Wang acted many times to assemble members of the Financial Committee and put his efforts forward in making some possible historical policies , such as introducing innovative tax system , opening up the establishment of security firms , lifting prohibition of setting up private banks , removing foreign exchange control schemes and other policies .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan"
},
{
"text": "On 10 April 1990 , Wang was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Central Policy Committee of the KMT , and then on 17 November 1990 , he was appointed as the Chairman of the Central Policy Committees Finance Commission . Wang became the KMTs first Director-General of the Committee on Coordination between Party and Government and the KMT Caucus Convener in the Legislative Yuan in 1992 following the retirement of all of Legislative Yuan first senior members on 31 December 1991 . During that time , Wang was posted as KMT supervisor and started to search for a",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": "mechanism to make cross party negotiation possible .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": " On 27 August 1993 , Wang was elected to become the member of KMT Central Committee , and subsequently the member of Central Standing Committee during the 14th nationwide representative meeting of the party . China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association . In 1993 , Wang was appointed as the Director of China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association where he became more active in promoting parliamentary diplomacy . Taiwan Foundation for Democracy .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 Wang was elected as the chairman of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy , which was a democracy developing project set up by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the ROC .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": " Wang also holds other public welfare positions , such as the President of the Council for Taiwan Major League Baseball Association , Board Chairman of the Formosa Cancer Foundation , President of the Council for National Volunteer Fire Fighters’ Association , Honored Board Chairman of the Charity Mothers Association and Honored Board Chairman of the National No-Barrier Space Development Association . Legislative Yuan Vice Presidency .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": "On 1 February 1993 , Wang became the KMT candidate for the nomination of Vice President post of the Legislative Yuan . Supported by the majority , he secured his post and started to lead the congress . He renewed his three-year post in 1996 , serving the post consecutively from 1 February 1993 until 31 January 1999 .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": " During his office term , Wang successfully completed the passing of many important laws , such as the Self-governance Law for Provinces and Counties , Municipal Self-governance Law , National Health Insurance Law , February 28 Incident Disposition and Compensation Act , Joint Development Law , Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Law , Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Law , Government Procurement Law , Three Laws Pertaining to National Security , Three Laws Pertaining to Communication .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": "Wang was also actively involved in promoting congress diplomacy . He had represented the Legislative Yuan as Vice President visiting abroad and also as representative to receive guests from foreign countries .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": " During the 2004 presidential election , he served as campaign manager for the Lien Chan and James Soong ticket . Considered part of the pro-localization faction in the KMT , his strong support and active campaigning for the Lien-Soong ticket was considered very significant as it blunted criticism that Lien-Soong were anti-Taiwan . There were calls , which he ignored , from many figures such as Lee Teng-hui for him to abandon Lien and join the Taiwan Solidarity Union before the election .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Prior to July 2005 , he was , along with Ma Ying-jeou touted as possible presidential candidates for 2008 . As a southerner , a native Hoklo speaker , and a legislator and person identified with the pro-localization faction of the Kuomintang , he was expected to provide balance to Ma Ying-jeou , who was rooted in northern Taiwan , and someone more identified with the unification-leaning parts of the party .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "However , on 16 July 2005 , Ma defeated Wang in the first competitive election for KMT chairmanship by a 72% to 28% margin , a margin larger than anticipated by either camp or news sources , despite Wangs receiving a last-minute endorsement by People First Party chairman James Soong , who had retained significant following within the KMT . Immediately after the election , Ma stated repeatedly that he wished Wang to remain as first-ranked deputy chairman . Wang , however , has so far rebuffed the gesture , instead stating that he wishes to serve as permanent volunteer",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": ", and snubbed Ma by refusing to meet with him . Wang has , indeed , accepted a party post that is incompatible with vice chairmanship , effectively ending the possibility that he would be vice chairman , although after meeting with Wang , Ma said that he would leave the position open for Wang .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Most political commentators believe the KMT chairmanship election definitively put Ma Ying-jeou as the front-runner for the KMT nomination in 2008 ; this was proved correct as Ma won the KMT nomination for 2008 president on 2 May , virtually uncontested . Although Wang did not join the primary election , Wang has also not ruled out running as an independent . Though Ma had offered Wang the nomination as the KMTs Vice Presidential candidate , Wang recently declined the offer , saying that the pressure of being legislative Speaker was too great for him to be able to consider",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "the offer . After weeks of talks and discussions among the Pan-Blue heavy weights including Lien , Wang , Wu and Ma , there was no agreement made to field a Ma-Wang President-Vice President ticket . At the end , Wang decided to turn down Mas offer of Vice Presidency , but stated that he would do his utmost to support Ma in the upcoming election .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Due to his easygoing nature and willingness to listen to differing perspectives , Wang was elected as President of the 4th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1999 with a majority vote of 135 out of 225 seats . Within just one year after taking his new post , Wang promoted adjustments in organization , reinforced staff members , crossed party negotiation according to the five major Legislative Reorganization Act . By doing so , he opened a model in congress reform and contributed to the completion of discussion by the end of the 4th session .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": " During the first half of the session , Wang had passed a total of 60 new laws , confirming the plan to move Legislative Yuan to a new place . In the second half of the session , a total of 96 laws were passed , the second highest in ROC history when 148 laws were passed in 1948 . 5th Legislative Yuan .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "The KMT lost its majority for the first time in the 2001 legislative election , but through the narrow Pan-Blue Coalition majority , he was reelected president for the 5th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 2002 . As Legislative Yuan President , Wang has gained a reputation of being a soft-spoken figure capable of reaching across party lines .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "In the APEC meeting at South Korea in late 2005 , President Chen Shui-bian nominated Wang as the representative for Chinese Taipei , the designated name for ROC in APEC . The KMT approved of the nomination . This nomination did not become a reality , however , as the PRC pressured South Korea to ask for a second nomination . Despite lobbying by former South Korean president Kim Young-sam , who visited Chen in that time period , Chen was forced to name another person . This cat fight actually exacerbated Taiwans image , as the summit yearbook did",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "not even mention Taiwans presence . The host explanation was that the second nomination was submitted well past the deadline for the yearbook .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": " 7th Legislative Yuan . Until 2011 , Kuomintang legislators were barred from seeking an at-large third term . The restriction was lifted that year , for politicians who made special contributions to the party , meet the needs of the party and have served as legislative speaker , and Wang continued serving as Yuan President .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "During the final plenary session of the 7th Legislative Yuan on 14 December 2011 , Wang said that the Yuan had passed a total of 896 bills and resolutions over the past four years , including the Special Statute for Distributing Consumption Vouchers for Revitalizing the Economy , Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and legislation regarding the 2G national health insurance program , gender equality and justice in housing . Wang encouraged the yuan to continue its oversight functions on behalf of the public in the future as a power to promote the development of Taiwan .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "On 7 September 2013 , according to information gathered through wiretap recordings , President Ma Ying-Jeou accused Wang of influence peddling , a move that damages KMT reputation . The move came during Wangs trip to Malaysia to attend his daughters wedding . Wang was officially expelled from the KMT on 11 September , disqualifying his eligibility to serve as a KMT legislator and ending his 14-year speakership tenure in the Legislative Yuan . The Special Investigation Division of the ROC Supreme Prosecutor Office accused Wang of illegally lobbying for Democratic Progressive Party caucus whip Ker Chien-ming in a breach",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": "of trust case by asking the then-Minister of Justice Tseng Yung-fu and the Head Prosecutor of Taiwan High Prosecutors Office Chen Shou-huang ( 陳守煌 ) to use their influence to stop an appeal of a not-guilty verdict for Ker .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " On 11 September 2013 , Wang sent an attorney to the Taipei District Court to file for an injunction for his KMT membership revocation . On 13 September 2013 , the court approved Wangs request for which Wang had to put NT$9.38 million as a bail . This move ruled that Wang is still the member of Kuomintang and the President of Legislative Yuan until further notice . This court decision however is rejected by KMT Chairman and President Ma Ying-jeou and announced that the party will file for a counter-appeal against the decision .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": "Many support movements around Taiwan were shown to support Wang . After the disciplinary action against Wang , 11 neighborhood wardens in Wangs hometown in Lujhu , Kaohsiung gave up their KMT membership . Wang called upon them to stay within they party . Upon Wangs arrival in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport from Malaysia , thousands of supporters awaited him , including lawmaker Hung Hsiu-chu . People First Party Chairman James Soong criticized Ma regarding the allegation , citing that politics should have some humanity .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " Support for President Ma Ying-jeou came from Wang Chien-shien , President of Control Yuan . He said that despite KMT legislators comprising about three-quarters , or 84 members out of total 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan , the KMT was still being held hostage by opposition Democratic Progressive Party , adding that KMT had accomplish nothing from 2008 until 2012 due to Wang Jin-pyngs inability to deal with people and negotiate . The KMT officially lifted at large term limits for affiliated politicians who had previously served as leader of the legislature in October 2015 .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " On 7 March 2019 , Wang announced his intention to contest the Kuomintang nomination for the 2020 Taiwan presidential election . He withdrew from the 2019 Kuomintang presidential primary on 6 June 2019 . On 17 June , Wang reiterated , I will run [ for president ] to the end , although it is difficult to explain how I will do that , though he would not consider leaving the Kuomintang or a vice presidential candidacy .",
"title": "Later political career"
},
{
"text": " Wangs father , Wang Ko , is the man behind Wangs current family business today . At the age of 28 , on 26 March 1969 Wang met his then-future wife Chen Tsai-lien during the anniversary celebration of Shih Chien Home Economics College at the Feng-Lin Restaurant . It was love at the first sight and both felt a deep connection towards one another . They held their engagement ceremony at Mandarina Crown Hotel .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Legislative Yuan homepage",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Wang_Jin-pyng#P39#1
|
What position did Wang Jin-pyng take in Oct 2005?
|
Wang Jin-pyng Wang Jin-pyng ( ; born March 17 , 1941 ) is a Taiwanese politician . He served as President of the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2016 , which makes him Taiwans longest-serving legislative speaker . Once a leading figure of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) , Wang is considered to be soft-spoken and a conciliatory figure who has often brokered deals between the KMT and opposition DPP . Due to his longevity , experience and influence in political scene , he is widely a respected figure in Taiwanese politics . He was replaced by Democratic Progressive Partys Su Jia-chyuan as President of the Legislative Yuan after a decisive victory for the DPP in the 2016 election . Early life . Wang was born in a simple rural community in Rochiku Village , Takao Prefecture , Taiwan , Empire of Japan ( modern-day Lujhu , Kaohsiung ) . Living a villagers life , Wang gained positive mental and physical condition . Wang excelled in sports during his school years . His teachers encouraged him to enter the physical education department in university . Wang finished his elementary school in Tainan Municipal Dashe Elementary School . He finished his junior and senior high school from the Tainan First Senior High School in Tainan . In this school , Wang had always become the team leader of the schools tennis team . He finally graduated from the Teachers College of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics in 1965 . Wang said that he never put extra efforts in academic studies since childhood and he does not believe in renowned star schools . However , his grades have always been good and his education went smoothly throughout his school years . Early career . Upon graduation , Wang worked as a mathematics teacher for a year at the Provincial Ging-Der Senior High School in Changhua County . After his mandatory military service in the Republic of China Military Police was completed , Wang returned home to work for the family-run food processing company dealing with export and import trade . In early 1975 , he represented his family business in the founding of Kaohsiung Industrial Association . He was elected as the director-in-chief of the association . His job involved travelling throughout Taiwan to inspect member factories and led to his entry into politics later that year . Political career . Legislative Yuan . Following his victory in the 1975 supplementary legislative election for the Kaohsiung County constituency , Wang took his seat in the Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1976 from being held by Huang Tung-shu previously . He has since been reelected eight times . From 1976 until 1990 , he was a member of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Yuan . In 1980 , 1987 and 1990 , Wang acted many times to assemble members of the Financial Committee and put his efforts forward in making some possible historical policies , such as introducing innovative tax system , opening up the establishment of security firms , lifting prohibition of setting up private banks , removing foreign exchange control schemes and other policies . Kuomintang . On 10 April 1990 , Wang was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Central Policy Committee of the KMT , and then on 17 November 1990 , he was appointed as the Chairman of the Central Policy Committees Finance Commission . Wang became the KMTs first Director-General of the Committee on Coordination between Party and Government and the KMT Caucus Convener in the Legislative Yuan in 1992 following the retirement of all of Legislative Yuan first senior members on 31 December 1991 . During that time , Wang was posted as KMT supervisor and started to search for a mechanism to make cross party negotiation possible . On 27 August 1993 , Wang was elected to become the member of KMT Central Committee , and subsequently the member of Central Standing Committee during the 14th nationwide representative meeting of the party . China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association . In 1993 , Wang was appointed as the Director of China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association where he became more active in promoting parliamentary diplomacy . Taiwan Foundation for Democracy . In 2003 Wang was elected as the chairman of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy , which was a democracy developing project set up by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the ROC . Other organizations . Wang also holds other public welfare positions , such as the President of the Council for Taiwan Major League Baseball Association , Board Chairman of the Formosa Cancer Foundation , President of the Council for National Volunteer Fire Fighters’ Association , Honored Board Chairman of the Charity Mothers Association and Honored Board Chairman of the National No-Barrier Space Development Association . Legislative Yuan Vice Presidency . On 1 February 1993 , Wang became the KMT candidate for the nomination of Vice President post of the Legislative Yuan . Supported by the majority , he secured his post and started to lead the congress . He renewed his three-year post in 1996 , serving the post consecutively from 1 February 1993 until 31 January 1999 . During his office term , Wang successfully completed the passing of many important laws , such as the Self-governance Law for Provinces and Counties , Municipal Self-governance Law , National Health Insurance Law , February 28 Incident Disposition and Compensation Act , Joint Development Law , Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Law , Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Law , Government Procurement Law , Three Laws Pertaining to National Security , Three Laws Pertaining to Communication . Wang was also actively involved in promoting congress diplomacy . He had represented the Legislative Yuan as Vice President visiting abroad and also as representative to receive guests from foreign countries . Kuomintang Vice Chairmanship . Wang had been the vice chairman of KMT in 2000-2005 . ROC Presidential election . During the 2004 presidential election , he served as campaign manager for the Lien Chan and James Soong ticket . Considered part of the pro-localization faction in the KMT , his strong support and active campaigning for the Lien-Soong ticket was considered very significant as it blunted criticism that Lien-Soong were anti-Taiwan . There were calls , which he ignored , from many figures such as Lee Teng-hui for him to abandon Lien and join the Taiwan Solidarity Union before the election . Prior to July 2005 , he was , along with Ma Ying-jeou touted as possible presidential candidates for 2008 . As a southerner , a native Hoklo speaker , and a legislator and person identified with the pro-localization faction of the Kuomintang , he was expected to provide balance to Ma Ying-jeou , who was rooted in northern Taiwan , and someone more identified with the unification-leaning parts of the party . 2005 KMT Chairmanship election . However , on 16 July 2005 , Ma defeated Wang in the first competitive election for KMT chairmanship by a 72% to 28% margin , a margin larger than anticipated by either camp or news sources , despite Wangs receiving a last-minute endorsement by People First Party chairman James Soong , who had retained significant following within the KMT . Immediately after the election , Ma stated repeatedly that he wished Wang to remain as first-ranked deputy chairman . Wang , however , has so far rebuffed the gesture , instead stating that he wishes to serve as permanent volunteer , and snubbed Ma by refusing to meet with him . Wang has , indeed , accepted a party post that is incompatible with vice chairmanship , effectively ending the possibility that he would be vice chairman , although after meeting with Wang , Ma said that he would leave the position open for Wang . Most political commentators believe the KMT chairmanship election definitively put Ma Ying-jeou as the front-runner for the KMT nomination in 2008 ; this was proved correct as Ma won the KMT nomination for 2008 president on 2 May , virtually uncontested . Although Wang did not join the primary election , Wang has also not ruled out running as an independent . Though Ma had offered Wang the nomination as the KMTs Vice Presidential candidate , Wang recently declined the offer , saying that the pressure of being legislative Speaker was too great for him to be able to consider the offer . After weeks of talks and discussions among the Pan-Blue heavy weights including Lien , Wang , Wu and Ma , there was no agreement made to field a Ma-Wang President-Vice President ticket . At the end , Wang decided to turn down Mas offer of Vice Presidency , but stated that he would do his utmost to support Ma in the upcoming election . Legislative Yuan Presidency . 4th Legislative Yuan . Due to his easygoing nature and willingness to listen to differing perspectives , Wang was elected as President of the 4th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1999 with a majority vote of 135 out of 225 seats . Within just one year after taking his new post , Wang promoted adjustments in organization , reinforced staff members , crossed party negotiation according to the five major Legislative Reorganization Act . By doing so , he opened a model in congress reform and contributed to the completion of discussion by the end of the 4th session . During the first half of the session , Wang had passed a total of 60 new laws , confirming the plan to move Legislative Yuan to a new place . In the second half of the session , a total of 96 laws were passed , the second highest in ROC history when 148 laws were passed in 1948 . 5th Legislative Yuan . The KMT lost its majority for the first time in the 2001 legislative election , but through the narrow Pan-Blue Coalition majority , he was reelected president for the 5th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 2002 . As Legislative Yuan President , Wang has gained a reputation of being a soft-spoken figure capable of reaching across party lines . 6th Legislative Yuan . 2005 Busan APEC . In the APEC meeting at South Korea in late 2005 , President Chen Shui-bian nominated Wang as the representative for Chinese Taipei , the designated name for ROC in APEC . The KMT approved of the nomination . This nomination did not become a reality , however , as the PRC pressured South Korea to ask for a second nomination . Despite lobbying by former South Korean president Kim Young-sam , who visited Chen in that time period , Chen was forced to name another person . This cat fight actually exacerbated Taiwans image , as the summit yearbook did not even mention Taiwans presence . The host explanation was that the second nomination was submitted well past the deadline for the yearbook . 7th Legislative Yuan . Until 2011 , Kuomintang legislators were barred from seeking an at-large third term . The restriction was lifted that year , for politicians who made special contributions to the party , meet the needs of the party and have served as legislative speaker , and Wang continued serving as Yuan President . During the final plenary session of the 7th Legislative Yuan on 14 December 2011 , Wang said that the Yuan had passed a total of 896 bills and resolutions over the past four years , including the Special Statute for Distributing Consumption Vouchers for Revitalizing the Economy , Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and legislation regarding the 2G national health insurance program , gender equality and justice in housing . Wang encouraged the yuan to continue its oversight functions on behalf of the public in the future as a power to promote the development of Taiwan . 8th Legislative Yuan . Influence peddling . On 7 September 2013 , according to information gathered through wiretap recordings , President Ma Ying-Jeou accused Wang of influence peddling , a move that damages KMT reputation . The move came during Wangs trip to Malaysia to attend his daughters wedding . Wang was officially expelled from the KMT on 11 September , disqualifying his eligibility to serve as a KMT legislator and ending his 14-year speakership tenure in the Legislative Yuan . The Special Investigation Division of the ROC Supreme Prosecutor Office accused Wang of illegally lobbying for Democratic Progressive Party caucus whip Ker Chien-ming in a breach of trust case by asking the then-Minister of Justice Tseng Yung-fu and the Head Prosecutor of Taiwan High Prosecutors Office Chen Shou-huang ( 陳守煌 ) to use their influence to stop an appeal of a not-guilty verdict for Ker . On 11 September 2013 , Wang sent an attorney to the Taipei District Court to file for an injunction for his KMT membership revocation . On 13 September 2013 , the court approved Wangs request for which Wang had to put NT$9.38 million as a bail . This move ruled that Wang is still the member of Kuomintang and the President of Legislative Yuan until further notice . This court decision however is rejected by KMT Chairman and President Ma Ying-jeou and announced that the party will file for a counter-appeal against the decision . Many support movements around Taiwan were shown to support Wang . After the disciplinary action against Wang , 11 neighborhood wardens in Wangs hometown in Lujhu , Kaohsiung gave up their KMT membership . Wang called upon them to stay within they party . Upon Wangs arrival in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport from Malaysia , thousands of supporters awaited him , including lawmaker Hung Hsiu-chu . People First Party Chairman James Soong criticized Ma regarding the allegation , citing that politics should have some humanity . Support for President Ma Ying-jeou came from Wang Chien-shien , President of Control Yuan . He said that despite KMT legislators comprising about three-quarters , or 84 members out of total 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan , the KMT was still being held hostage by opposition Democratic Progressive Party , adding that KMT had accomplish nothing from 2008 until 2012 due to Wang Jin-pyngs inability to deal with people and negotiate . The KMT officially lifted at large term limits for affiliated politicians who had previously served as leader of the legislature in October 2015 . Later political career . On 7 March 2019 , Wang announced his intention to contest the Kuomintang nomination for the 2020 Taiwan presidential election . He withdrew from the 2019 Kuomintang presidential primary on 6 June 2019 . On 17 June , Wang reiterated , I will run [ for president ] to the end , although it is difficult to explain how I will do that , though he would not consider leaving the Kuomintang or a vice presidential candidacy . Personal life . Wangs father , Wang Ko , is the man behind Wangs current family business today . At the age of 28 , on 26 March 1969 Wang met his then-future wife Chen Tsai-lien during the anniversary celebration of Shih Chien Home Economics College at the Feng-Lin Restaurant . It was love at the first sight and both felt a deep connection towards one another . They held their engagement ceremony at Mandarina Crown Hotel . External links . - Legislative Yuan homepage
|
[
"President of the Legislative Yuan"
] |
[
{
"text": "Wang Jin-pyng ( ; born March 17 , 1941 ) is a Taiwanese politician . He served as President of the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2016 , which makes him Taiwans longest-serving legislative speaker . Once a leading figure of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) , Wang is considered to be soft-spoken and a conciliatory figure who has often brokered deals between the KMT and opposition DPP . Due to his longevity , experience and influence in political scene , he is widely a respected figure in Taiwanese politics . He was replaced by Democratic Progressive Partys Su Jia-chyuan",
"title": "Wang Jin-pyng"
},
{
"text": "as President of the Legislative Yuan after a decisive victory for the DPP in the 2016 election .",
"title": "Wang Jin-pyng"
},
{
"text": " Wang was born in a simple rural community in Rochiku Village , Takao Prefecture , Taiwan , Empire of Japan ( modern-day Lujhu , Kaohsiung ) . Living a villagers life , Wang gained positive mental and physical condition . Wang excelled in sports during his school years . His teachers encouraged him to enter the physical education department in university .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Wang finished his elementary school in Tainan Municipal Dashe Elementary School . He finished his junior and senior high school from the Tainan First Senior High School in Tainan . In this school , Wang had always become the team leader of the schools tennis team .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He finally graduated from the Teachers College of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics in 1965 . Wang said that he never put extra efforts in academic studies since childhood and he does not believe in renowned star schools . However , his grades have always been good and his education went smoothly throughout his school years .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduation , Wang worked as a mathematics teacher for a year at the Provincial Ging-Der Senior High School in Changhua County . After his mandatory military service in the Republic of China Military Police was completed , Wang returned home to work for the family-run food processing company dealing with export and import trade .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In early 1975 , he represented his family business in the founding of Kaohsiung Industrial Association . He was elected as the director-in-chief of the association . His job involved travelling throughout Taiwan to inspect member factories and led to his entry into politics later that year .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " Following his victory in the 1975 supplementary legislative election for the Kaohsiung County constituency , Wang took his seat in the Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1976 from being held by Huang Tung-shu previously . He has since been reelected eight times .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan"
},
{
"text": "From 1976 until 1990 , he was a member of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Yuan . In 1980 , 1987 and 1990 , Wang acted many times to assemble members of the Financial Committee and put his efforts forward in making some possible historical policies , such as introducing innovative tax system , opening up the establishment of security firms , lifting prohibition of setting up private banks , removing foreign exchange control schemes and other policies .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan"
},
{
"text": "On 10 April 1990 , Wang was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Central Policy Committee of the KMT , and then on 17 November 1990 , he was appointed as the Chairman of the Central Policy Committees Finance Commission . Wang became the KMTs first Director-General of the Committee on Coordination between Party and Government and the KMT Caucus Convener in the Legislative Yuan in 1992 following the retirement of all of Legislative Yuan first senior members on 31 December 1991 . During that time , Wang was posted as KMT supervisor and started to search for a",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": "mechanism to make cross party negotiation possible .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": " On 27 August 1993 , Wang was elected to become the member of KMT Central Committee , and subsequently the member of Central Standing Committee during the 14th nationwide representative meeting of the party . China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association . In 1993 , Wang was appointed as the Director of China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association where he became more active in promoting parliamentary diplomacy . Taiwan Foundation for Democracy .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 Wang was elected as the chairman of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy , which was a democracy developing project set up by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the ROC .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": " Wang also holds other public welfare positions , such as the President of the Council for Taiwan Major League Baseball Association , Board Chairman of the Formosa Cancer Foundation , President of the Council for National Volunteer Fire Fighters’ Association , Honored Board Chairman of the Charity Mothers Association and Honored Board Chairman of the National No-Barrier Space Development Association . Legislative Yuan Vice Presidency .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": "On 1 February 1993 , Wang became the KMT candidate for the nomination of Vice President post of the Legislative Yuan . Supported by the majority , he secured his post and started to lead the congress . He renewed his three-year post in 1996 , serving the post consecutively from 1 February 1993 until 31 January 1999 .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": " During his office term , Wang successfully completed the passing of many important laws , such as the Self-governance Law for Provinces and Counties , Municipal Self-governance Law , National Health Insurance Law , February 28 Incident Disposition and Compensation Act , Joint Development Law , Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Law , Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Law , Government Procurement Law , Three Laws Pertaining to National Security , Three Laws Pertaining to Communication .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": "Wang was also actively involved in promoting congress diplomacy . He had represented the Legislative Yuan as Vice President visiting abroad and also as representative to receive guests from foreign countries .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": " During the 2004 presidential election , he served as campaign manager for the Lien Chan and James Soong ticket . Considered part of the pro-localization faction in the KMT , his strong support and active campaigning for the Lien-Soong ticket was considered very significant as it blunted criticism that Lien-Soong were anti-Taiwan . There were calls , which he ignored , from many figures such as Lee Teng-hui for him to abandon Lien and join the Taiwan Solidarity Union before the election .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Prior to July 2005 , he was , along with Ma Ying-jeou touted as possible presidential candidates for 2008 . As a southerner , a native Hoklo speaker , and a legislator and person identified with the pro-localization faction of the Kuomintang , he was expected to provide balance to Ma Ying-jeou , who was rooted in northern Taiwan , and someone more identified with the unification-leaning parts of the party .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "However , on 16 July 2005 , Ma defeated Wang in the first competitive election for KMT chairmanship by a 72% to 28% margin , a margin larger than anticipated by either camp or news sources , despite Wangs receiving a last-minute endorsement by People First Party chairman James Soong , who had retained significant following within the KMT . Immediately after the election , Ma stated repeatedly that he wished Wang to remain as first-ranked deputy chairman . Wang , however , has so far rebuffed the gesture , instead stating that he wishes to serve as permanent volunteer",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": ", and snubbed Ma by refusing to meet with him . Wang has , indeed , accepted a party post that is incompatible with vice chairmanship , effectively ending the possibility that he would be vice chairman , although after meeting with Wang , Ma said that he would leave the position open for Wang .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Most political commentators believe the KMT chairmanship election definitively put Ma Ying-jeou as the front-runner for the KMT nomination in 2008 ; this was proved correct as Ma won the KMT nomination for 2008 president on 2 May , virtually uncontested . Although Wang did not join the primary election , Wang has also not ruled out running as an independent . Though Ma had offered Wang the nomination as the KMTs Vice Presidential candidate , Wang recently declined the offer , saying that the pressure of being legislative Speaker was too great for him to be able to consider",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "the offer . After weeks of talks and discussions among the Pan-Blue heavy weights including Lien , Wang , Wu and Ma , there was no agreement made to field a Ma-Wang President-Vice President ticket . At the end , Wang decided to turn down Mas offer of Vice Presidency , but stated that he would do his utmost to support Ma in the upcoming election .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Due to his easygoing nature and willingness to listen to differing perspectives , Wang was elected as President of the 4th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1999 with a majority vote of 135 out of 225 seats . Within just one year after taking his new post , Wang promoted adjustments in organization , reinforced staff members , crossed party negotiation according to the five major Legislative Reorganization Act . By doing so , he opened a model in congress reform and contributed to the completion of discussion by the end of the 4th session .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": " During the first half of the session , Wang had passed a total of 60 new laws , confirming the plan to move Legislative Yuan to a new place . In the second half of the session , a total of 96 laws were passed , the second highest in ROC history when 148 laws were passed in 1948 . 5th Legislative Yuan .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "The KMT lost its majority for the first time in the 2001 legislative election , but through the narrow Pan-Blue Coalition majority , he was reelected president for the 5th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 2002 . As Legislative Yuan President , Wang has gained a reputation of being a soft-spoken figure capable of reaching across party lines .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "In the APEC meeting at South Korea in late 2005 , President Chen Shui-bian nominated Wang as the representative for Chinese Taipei , the designated name for ROC in APEC . The KMT approved of the nomination . This nomination did not become a reality , however , as the PRC pressured South Korea to ask for a second nomination . Despite lobbying by former South Korean president Kim Young-sam , who visited Chen in that time period , Chen was forced to name another person . This cat fight actually exacerbated Taiwans image , as the summit yearbook did",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "not even mention Taiwans presence . The host explanation was that the second nomination was submitted well past the deadline for the yearbook .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": " 7th Legislative Yuan . Until 2011 , Kuomintang legislators were barred from seeking an at-large third term . The restriction was lifted that year , for politicians who made special contributions to the party , meet the needs of the party and have served as legislative speaker , and Wang continued serving as Yuan President .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "During the final plenary session of the 7th Legislative Yuan on 14 December 2011 , Wang said that the Yuan had passed a total of 896 bills and resolutions over the past four years , including the Special Statute for Distributing Consumption Vouchers for Revitalizing the Economy , Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and legislation regarding the 2G national health insurance program , gender equality and justice in housing . Wang encouraged the yuan to continue its oversight functions on behalf of the public in the future as a power to promote the development of Taiwan .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "On 7 September 2013 , according to information gathered through wiretap recordings , President Ma Ying-Jeou accused Wang of influence peddling , a move that damages KMT reputation . The move came during Wangs trip to Malaysia to attend his daughters wedding . Wang was officially expelled from the KMT on 11 September , disqualifying his eligibility to serve as a KMT legislator and ending his 14-year speakership tenure in the Legislative Yuan . The Special Investigation Division of the ROC Supreme Prosecutor Office accused Wang of illegally lobbying for Democratic Progressive Party caucus whip Ker Chien-ming in a breach",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": "of trust case by asking the then-Minister of Justice Tseng Yung-fu and the Head Prosecutor of Taiwan High Prosecutors Office Chen Shou-huang ( 陳守煌 ) to use their influence to stop an appeal of a not-guilty verdict for Ker .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " On 11 September 2013 , Wang sent an attorney to the Taipei District Court to file for an injunction for his KMT membership revocation . On 13 September 2013 , the court approved Wangs request for which Wang had to put NT$9.38 million as a bail . This move ruled that Wang is still the member of Kuomintang and the President of Legislative Yuan until further notice . This court decision however is rejected by KMT Chairman and President Ma Ying-jeou and announced that the party will file for a counter-appeal against the decision .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": "Many support movements around Taiwan were shown to support Wang . After the disciplinary action against Wang , 11 neighborhood wardens in Wangs hometown in Lujhu , Kaohsiung gave up their KMT membership . Wang called upon them to stay within they party . Upon Wangs arrival in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport from Malaysia , thousands of supporters awaited him , including lawmaker Hung Hsiu-chu . People First Party Chairman James Soong criticized Ma regarding the allegation , citing that politics should have some humanity .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " Support for President Ma Ying-jeou came from Wang Chien-shien , President of Control Yuan . He said that despite KMT legislators comprising about three-quarters , or 84 members out of total 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan , the KMT was still being held hostage by opposition Democratic Progressive Party , adding that KMT had accomplish nothing from 2008 until 2012 due to Wang Jin-pyngs inability to deal with people and negotiate . The KMT officially lifted at large term limits for affiliated politicians who had previously served as leader of the legislature in October 2015 .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " On 7 March 2019 , Wang announced his intention to contest the Kuomintang nomination for the 2020 Taiwan presidential election . He withdrew from the 2019 Kuomintang presidential primary on 6 June 2019 . On 17 June , Wang reiterated , I will run [ for president ] to the end , although it is difficult to explain how I will do that , though he would not consider leaving the Kuomintang or a vice presidential candidacy .",
"title": "Later political career"
},
{
"text": " Wangs father , Wang Ko , is the man behind Wangs current family business today . At the age of 28 , on 26 March 1969 Wang met his then-future wife Chen Tsai-lien during the anniversary celebration of Shih Chien Home Economics College at the Feng-Lin Restaurant . It was love at the first sight and both felt a deep connection towards one another . They held their engagement ceremony at Mandarina Crown Hotel .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Legislative Yuan homepage",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Wang_Jin-pyng#P39#2
|
What position did Wang Jin-pyng take in Sep 2012?
|
Wang Jin-pyng Wang Jin-pyng ( ; born March 17 , 1941 ) is a Taiwanese politician . He served as President of the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2016 , which makes him Taiwans longest-serving legislative speaker . Once a leading figure of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) , Wang is considered to be soft-spoken and a conciliatory figure who has often brokered deals between the KMT and opposition DPP . Due to his longevity , experience and influence in political scene , he is widely a respected figure in Taiwanese politics . He was replaced by Democratic Progressive Partys Su Jia-chyuan as President of the Legislative Yuan after a decisive victory for the DPP in the 2016 election . Early life . Wang was born in a simple rural community in Rochiku Village , Takao Prefecture , Taiwan , Empire of Japan ( modern-day Lujhu , Kaohsiung ) . Living a villagers life , Wang gained positive mental and physical condition . Wang excelled in sports during his school years . His teachers encouraged him to enter the physical education department in university . Wang finished his elementary school in Tainan Municipal Dashe Elementary School . He finished his junior and senior high school from the Tainan First Senior High School in Tainan . In this school , Wang had always become the team leader of the schools tennis team . He finally graduated from the Teachers College of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics in 1965 . Wang said that he never put extra efforts in academic studies since childhood and he does not believe in renowned star schools . However , his grades have always been good and his education went smoothly throughout his school years . Early career . Upon graduation , Wang worked as a mathematics teacher for a year at the Provincial Ging-Der Senior High School in Changhua County . After his mandatory military service in the Republic of China Military Police was completed , Wang returned home to work for the family-run food processing company dealing with export and import trade . In early 1975 , he represented his family business in the founding of Kaohsiung Industrial Association . He was elected as the director-in-chief of the association . His job involved travelling throughout Taiwan to inspect member factories and led to his entry into politics later that year . Political career . Legislative Yuan . Following his victory in the 1975 supplementary legislative election for the Kaohsiung County constituency , Wang took his seat in the Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1976 from being held by Huang Tung-shu previously . He has since been reelected eight times . From 1976 until 1990 , he was a member of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Yuan . In 1980 , 1987 and 1990 , Wang acted many times to assemble members of the Financial Committee and put his efforts forward in making some possible historical policies , such as introducing innovative tax system , opening up the establishment of security firms , lifting prohibition of setting up private banks , removing foreign exchange control schemes and other policies . Kuomintang . On 10 April 1990 , Wang was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Central Policy Committee of the KMT , and then on 17 November 1990 , he was appointed as the Chairman of the Central Policy Committees Finance Commission . Wang became the KMTs first Director-General of the Committee on Coordination between Party and Government and the KMT Caucus Convener in the Legislative Yuan in 1992 following the retirement of all of Legislative Yuan first senior members on 31 December 1991 . During that time , Wang was posted as KMT supervisor and started to search for a mechanism to make cross party negotiation possible . On 27 August 1993 , Wang was elected to become the member of KMT Central Committee , and subsequently the member of Central Standing Committee during the 14th nationwide representative meeting of the party . China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association . In 1993 , Wang was appointed as the Director of China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association where he became more active in promoting parliamentary diplomacy . Taiwan Foundation for Democracy . In 2003 Wang was elected as the chairman of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy , which was a democracy developing project set up by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the ROC . Other organizations . Wang also holds other public welfare positions , such as the President of the Council for Taiwan Major League Baseball Association , Board Chairman of the Formosa Cancer Foundation , President of the Council for National Volunteer Fire Fighters’ Association , Honored Board Chairman of the Charity Mothers Association and Honored Board Chairman of the National No-Barrier Space Development Association . Legislative Yuan Vice Presidency . On 1 February 1993 , Wang became the KMT candidate for the nomination of Vice President post of the Legislative Yuan . Supported by the majority , he secured his post and started to lead the congress . He renewed his three-year post in 1996 , serving the post consecutively from 1 February 1993 until 31 January 1999 . During his office term , Wang successfully completed the passing of many important laws , such as the Self-governance Law for Provinces and Counties , Municipal Self-governance Law , National Health Insurance Law , February 28 Incident Disposition and Compensation Act , Joint Development Law , Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Law , Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Law , Government Procurement Law , Three Laws Pertaining to National Security , Three Laws Pertaining to Communication . Wang was also actively involved in promoting congress diplomacy . He had represented the Legislative Yuan as Vice President visiting abroad and also as representative to receive guests from foreign countries . Kuomintang Vice Chairmanship . Wang had been the vice chairman of KMT in 2000-2005 . ROC Presidential election . During the 2004 presidential election , he served as campaign manager for the Lien Chan and James Soong ticket . Considered part of the pro-localization faction in the KMT , his strong support and active campaigning for the Lien-Soong ticket was considered very significant as it blunted criticism that Lien-Soong were anti-Taiwan . There were calls , which he ignored , from many figures such as Lee Teng-hui for him to abandon Lien and join the Taiwan Solidarity Union before the election . Prior to July 2005 , he was , along with Ma Ying-jeou touted as possible presidential candidates for 2008 . As a southerner , a native Hoklo speaker , and a legislator and person identified with the pro-localization faction of the Kuomintang , he was expected to provide balance to Ma Ying-jeou , who was rooted in northern Taiwan , and someone more identified with the unification-leaning parts of the party . 2005 KMT Chairmanship election . However , on 16 July 2005 , Ma defeated Wang in the first competitive election for KMT chairmanship by a 72% to 28% margin , a margin larger than anticipated by either camp or news sources , despite Wangs receiving a last-minute endorsement by People First Party chairman James Soong , who had retained significant following within the KMT . Immediately after the election , Ma stated repeatedly that he wished Wang to remain as first-ranked deputy chairman . Wang , however , has so far rebuffed the gesture , instead stating that he wishes to serve as permanent volunteer , and snubbed Ma by refusing to meet with him . Wang has , indeed , accepted a party post that is incompatible with vice chairmanship , effectively ending the possibility that he would be vice chairman , although after meeting with Wang , Ma said that he would leave the position open for Wang . Most political commentators believe the KMT chairmanship election definitively put Ma Ying-jeou as the front-runner for the KMT nomination in 2008 ; this was proved correct as Ma won the KMT nomination for 2008 president on 2 May , virtually uncontested . Although Wang did not join the primary election , Wang has also not ruled out running as an independent . Though Ma had offered Wang the nomination as the KMTs Vice Presidential candidate , Wang recently declined the offer , saying that the pressure of being legislative Speaker was too great for him to be able to consider the offer . After weeks of talks and discussions among the Pan-Blue heavy weights including Lien , Wang , Wu and Ma , there was no agreement made to field a Ma-Wang President-Vice President ticket . At the end , Wang decided to turn down Mas offer of Vice Presidency , but stated that he would do his utmost to support Ma in the upcoming election . Legislative Yuan Presidency . 4th Legislative Yuan . Due to his easygoing nature and willingness to listen to differing perspectives , Wang was elected as President of the 4th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1999 with a majority vote of 135 out of 225 seats . Within just one year after taking his new post , Wang promoted adjustments in organization , reinforced staff members , crossed party negotiation according to the five major Legislative Reorganization Act . By doing so , he opened a model in congress reform and contributed to the completion of discussion by the end of the 4th session . During the first half of the session , Wang had passed a total of 60 new laws , confirming the plan to move Legislative Yuan to a new place . In the second half of the session , a total of 96 laws were passed , the second highest in ROC history when 148 laws were passed in 1948 . 5th Legislative Yuan . The KMT lost its majority for the first time in the 2001 legislative election , but through the narrow Pan-Blue Coalition majority , he was reelected president for the 5th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 2002 . As Legislative Yuan President , Wang has gained a reputation of being a soft-spoken figure capable of reaching across party lines . 6th Legislative Yuan . 2005 Busan APEC . In the APEC meeting at South Korea in late 2005 , President Chen Shui-bian nominated Wang as the representative for Chinese Taipei , the designated name for ROC in APEC . The KMT approved of the nomination . This nomination did not become a reality , however , as the PRC pressured South Korea to ask for a second nomination . Despite lobbying by former South Korean president Kim Young-sam , who visited Chen in that time period , Chen was forced to name another person . This cat fight actually exacerbated Taiwans image , as the summit yearbook did not even mention Taiwans presence . The host explanation was that the second nomination was submitted well past the deadline for the yearbook . 7th Legislative Yuan . Until 2011 , Kuomintang legislators were barred from seeking an at-large third term . The restriction was lifted that year , for politicians who made special contributions to the party , meet the needs of the party and have served as legislative speaker , and Wang continued serving as Yuan President . During the final plenary session of the 7th Legislative Yuan on 14 December 2011 , Wang said that the Yuan had passed a total of 896 bills and resolutions over the past four years , including the Special Statute for Distributing Consumption Vouchers for Revitalizing the Economy , Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and legislation regarding the 2G national health insurance program , gender equality and justice in housing . Wang encouraged the yuan to continue its oversight functions on behalf of the public in the future as a power to promote the development of Taiwan . 8th Legislative Yuan . Influence peddling . On 7 September 2013 , according to information gathered through wiretap recordings , President Ma Ying-Jeou accused Wang of influence peddling , a move that damages KMT reputation . The move came during Wangs trip to Malaysia to attend his daughters wedding . Wang was officially expelled from the KMT on 11 September , disqualifying his eligibility to serve as a KMT legislator and ending his 14-year speakership tenure in the Legislative Yuan . The Special Investigation Division of the ROC Supreme Prosecutor Office accused Wang of illegally lobbying for Democratic Progressive Party caucus whip Ker Chien-ming in a breach of trust case by asking the then-Minister of Justice Tseng Yung-fu and the Head Prosecutor of Taiwan High Prosecutors Office Chen Shou-huang ( 陳守煌 ) to use their influence to stop an appeal of a not-guilty verdict for Ker . On 11 September 2013 , Wang sent an attorney to the Taipei District Court to file for an injunction for his KMT membership revocation . On 13 September 2013 , the court approved Wangs request for which Wang had to put NT$9.38 million as a bail . This move ruled that Wang is still the member of Kuomintang and the President of Legislative Yuan until further notice . This court decision however is rejected by KMT Chairman and President Ma Ying-jeou and announced that the party will file for a counter-appeal against the decision . Many support movements around Taiwan were shown to support Wang . After the disciplinary action against Wang , 11 neighborhood wardens in Wangs hometown in Lujhu , Kaohsiung gave up their KMT membership . Wang called upon them to stay within they party . Upon Wangs arrival in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport from Malaysia , thousands of supporters awaited him , including lawmaker Hung Hsiu-chu . People First Party Chairman James Soong criticized Ma regarding the allegation , citing that politics should have some humanity . Support for President Ma Ying-jeou came from Wang Chien-shien , President of Control Yuan . He said that despite KMT legislators comprising about three-quarters , or 84 members out of total 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan , the KMT was still being held hostage by opposition Democratic Progressive Party , adding that KMT had accomplish nothing from 2008 until 2012 due to Wang Jin-pyngs inability to deal with people and negotiate . The KMT officially lifted at large term limits for affiliated politicians who had previously served as leader of the legislature in October 2015 . Later political career . On 7 March 2019 , Wang announced his intention to contest the Kuomintang nomination for the 2020 Taiwan presidential election . He withdrew from the 2019 Kuomintang presidential primary on 6 June 2019 . On 17 June , Wang reiterated , I will run [ for president ] to the end , although it is difficult to explain how I will do that , though he would not consider leaving the Kuomintang or a vice presidential candidacy . Personal life . Wangs father , Wang Ko , is the man behind Wangs current family business today . At the age of 28 , on 26 March 1969 Wang met his then-future wife Chen Tsai-lien during the anniversary celebration of Shih Chien Home Economics College at the Feng-Lin Restaurant . It was love at the first sight and both felt a deep connection towards one another . They held their engagement ceremony at Mandarina Crown Hotel . External links . - Legislative Yuan homepage
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Wang Jin-pyng ( ; born March 17 , 1941 ) is a Taiwanese politician . He served as President of the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2016 , which makes him Taiwans longest-serving legislative speaker . Once a leading figure of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) , Wang is considered to be soft-spoken and a conciliatory figure who has often brokered deals between the KMT and opposition DPP . Due to his longevity , experience and influence in political scene , he is widely a respected figure in Taiwanese politics . He was replaced by Democratic Progressive Partys Su Jia-chyuan",
"title": "Wang Jin-pyng"
},
{
"text": "as President of the Legislative Yuan after a decisive victory for the DPP in the 2016 election .",
"title": "Wang Jin-pyng"
},
{
"text": " Wang was born in a simple rural community in Rochiku Village , Takao Prefecture , Taiwan , Empire of Japan ( modern-day Lujhu , Kaohsiung ) . Living a villagers life , Wang gained positive mental and physical condition . Wang excelled in sports during his school years . His teachers encouraged him to enter the physical education department in university .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Wang finished his elementary school in Tainan Municipal Dashe Elementary School . He finished his junior and senior high school from the Tainan First Senior High School in Tainan . In this school , Wang had always become the team leader of the schools tennis team .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He finally graduated from the Teachers College of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics in 1965 . Wang said that he never put extra efforts in academic studies since childhood and he does not believe in renowned star schools . However , his grades have always been good and his education went smoothly throughout his school years .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduation , Wang worked as a mathematics teacher for a year at the Provincial Ging-Der Senior High School in Changhua County . After his mandatory military service in the Republic of China Military Police was completed , Wang returned home to work for the family-run food processing company dealing with export and import trade .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In early 1975 , he represented his family business in the founding of Kaohsiung Industrial Association . He was elected as the director-in-chief of the association . His job involved travelling throughout Taiwan to inspect member factories and led to his entry into politics later that year .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " Following his victory in the 1975 supplementary legislative election for the Kaohsiung County constituency , Wang took his seat in the Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1976 from being held by Huang Tung-shu previously . He has since been reelected eight times .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan"
},
{
"text": "From 1976 until 1990 , he was a member of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Yuan . In 1980 , 1987 and 1990 , Wang acted many times to assemble members of the Financial Committee and put his efforts forward in making some possible historical policies , such as introducing innovative tax system , opening up the establishment of security firms , lifting prohibition of setting up private banks , removing foreign exchange control schemes and other policies .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan"
},
{
"text": "On 10 April 1990 , Wang was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Central Policy Committee of the KMT , and then on 17 November 1990 , he was appointed as the Chairman of the Central Policy Committees Finance Commission . Wang became the KMTs first Director-General of the Committee on Coordination between Party and Government and the KMT Caucus Convener in the Legislative Yuan in 1992 following the retirement of all of Legislative Yuan first senior members on 31 December 1991 . During that time , Wang was posted as KMT supervisor and started to search for a",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": "mechanism to make cross party negotiation possible .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": " On 27 August 1993 , Wang was elected to become the member of KMT Central Committee , and subsequently the member of Central Standing Committee during the 14th nationwide representative meeting of the party . China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association . In 1993 , Wang was appointed as the Director of China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association where he became more active in promoting parliamentary diplomacy . Taiwan Foundation for Democracy .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 Wang was elected as the chairman of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy , which was a democracy developing project set up by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the ROC .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": " Wang also holds other public welfare positions , such as the President of the Council for Taiwan Major League Baseball Association , Board Chairman of the Formosa Cancer Foundation , President of the Council for National Volunteer Fire Fighters’ Association , Honored Board Chairman of the Charity Mothers Association and Honored Board Chairman of the National No-Barrier Space Development Association . Legislative Yuan Vice Presidency .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": "On 1 February 1993 , Wang became the KMT candidate for the nomination of Vice President post of the Legislative Yuan . Supported by the majority , he secured his post and started to lead the congress . He renewed his three-year post in 1996 , serving the post consecutively from 1 February 1993 until 31 January 1999 .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": " During his office term , Wang successfully completed the passing of many important laws , such as the Self-governance Law for Provinces and Counties , Municipal Self-governance Law , National Health Insurance Law , February 28 Incident Disposition and Compensation Act , Joint Development Law , Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Law , Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Law , Government Procurement Law , Three Laws Pertaining to National Security , Three Laws Pertaining to Communication .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": "Wang was also actively involved in promoting congress diplomacy . He had represented the Legislative Yuan as Vice President visiting abroad and also as representative to receive guests from foreign countries .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": " During the 2004 presidential election , he served as campaign manager for the Lien Chan and James Soong ticket . Considered part of the pro-localization faction in the KMT , his strong support and active campaigning for the Lien-Soong ticket was considered very significant as it blunted criticism that Lien-Soong were anti-Taiwan . There were calls , which he ignored , from many figures such as Lee Teng-hui for him to abandon Lien and join the Taiwan Solidarity Union before the election .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Prior to July 2005 , he was , along with Ma Ying-jeou touted as possible presidential candidates for 2008 . As a southerner , a native Hoklo speaker , and a legislator and person identified with the pro-localization faction of the Kuomintang , he was expected to provide balance to Ma Ying-jeou , who was rooted in northern Taiwan , and someone more identified with the unification-leaning parts of the party .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "However , on 16 July 2005 , Ma defeated Wang in the first competitive election for KMT chairmanship by a 72% to 28% margin , a margin larger than anticipated by either camp or news sources , despite Wangs receiving a last-minute endorsement by People First Party chairman James Soong , who had retained significant following within the KMT . Immediately after the election , Ma stated repeatedly that he wished Wang to remain as first-ranked deputy chairman . Wang , however , has so far rebuffed the gesture , instead stating that he wishes to serve as permanent volunteer",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": ", and snubbed Ma by refusing to meet with him . Wang has , indeed , accepted a party post that is incompatible with vice chairmanship , effectively ending the possibility that he would be vice chairman , although after meeting with Wang , Ma said that he would leave the position open for Wang .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Most political commentators believe the KMT chairmanship election definitively put Ma Ying-jeou as the front-runner for the KMT nomination in 2008 ; this was proved correct as Ma won the KMT nomination for 2008 president on 2 May , virtually uncontested . Although Wang did not join the primary election , Wang has also not ruled out running as an independent . Though Ma had offered Wang the nomination as the KMTs Vice Presidential candidate , Wang recently declined the offer , saying that the pressure of being legislative Speaker was too great for him to be able to consider",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "the offer . After weeks of talks and discussions among the Pan-Blue heavy weights including Lien , Wang , Wu and Ma , there was no agreement made to field a Ma-Wang President-Vice President ticket . At the end , Wang decided to turn down Mas offer of Vice Presidency , but stated that he would do his utmost to support Ma in the upcoming election .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Due to his easygoing nature and willingness to listen to differing perspectives , Wang was elected as President of the 4th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1999 with a majority vote of 135 out of 225 seats . Within just one year after taking his new post , Wang promoted adjustments in organization , reinforced staff members , crossed party negotiation according to the five major Legislative Reorganization Act . By doing so , he opened a model in congress reform and contributed to the completion of discussion by the end of the 4th session .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": " During the first half of the session , Wang had passed a total of 60 new laws , confirming the plan to move Legislative Yuan to a new place . In the second half of the session , a total of 96 laws were passed , the second highest in ROC history when 148 laws were passed in 1948 . 5th Legislative Yuan .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "The KMT lost its majority for the first time in the 2001 legislative election , but through the narrow Pan-Blue Coalition majority , he was reelected president for the 5th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 2002 . As Legislative Yuan President , Wang has gained a reputation of being a soft-spoken figure capable of reaching across party lines .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "In the APEC meeting at South Korea in late 2005 , President Chen Shui-bian nominated Wang as the representative for Chinese Taipei , the designated name for ROC in APEC . The KMT approved of the nomination . This nomination did not become a reality , however , as the PRC pressured South Korea to ask for a second nomination . Despite lobbying by former South Korean president Kim Young-sam , who visited Chen in that time period , Chen was forced to name another person . This cat fight actually exacerbated Taiwans image , as the summit yearbook did",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "not even mention Taiwans presence . The host explanation was that the second nomination was submitted well past the deadline for the yearbook .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": " 7th Legislative Yuan . Until 2011 , Kuomintang legislators were barred from seeking an at-large third term . The restriction was lifted that year , for politicians who made special contributions to the party , meet the needs of the party and have served as legislative speaker , and Wang continued serving as Yuan President .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "During the final plenary session of the 7th Legislative Yuan on 14 December 2011 , Wang said that the Yuan had passed a total of 896 bills and resolutions over the past four years , including the Special Statute for Distributing Consumption Vouchers for Revitalizing the Economy , Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and legislation regarding the 2G national health insurance program , gender equality and justice in housing . Wang encouraged the yuan to continue its oversight functions on behalf of the public in the future as a power to promote the development of Taiwan .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "On 7 September 2013 , according to information gathered through wiretap recordings , President Ma Ying-Jeou accused Wang of influence peddling , a move that damages KMT reputation . The move came during Wangs trip to Malaysia to attend his daughters wedding . Wang was officially expelled from the KMT on 11 September , disqualifying his eligibility to serve as a KMT legislator and ending his 14-year speakership tenure in the Legislative Yuan . The Special Investigation Division of the ROC Supreme Prosecutor Office accused Wang of illegally lobbying for Democratic Progressive Party caucus whip Ker Chien-ming in a breach",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": "of trust case by asking the then-Minister of Justice Tseng Yung-fu and the Head Prosecutor of Taiwan High Prosecutors Office Chen Shou-huang ( 陳守煌 ) to use their influence to stop an appeal of a not-guilty verdict for Ker .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " On 11 September 2013 , Wang sent an attorney to the Taipei District Court to file for an injunction for his KMT membership revocation . On 13 September 2013 , the court approved Wangs request for which Wang had to put NT$9.38 million as a bail . This move ruled that Wang is still the member of Kuomintang and the President of Legislative Yuan until further notice . This court decision however is rejected by KMT Chairman and President Ma Ying-jeou and announced that the party will file for a counter-appeal against the decision .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": "Many support movements around Taiwan were shown to support Wang . After the disciplinary action against Wang , 11 neighborhood wardens in Wangs hometown in Lujhu , Kaohsiung gave up their KMT membership . Wang called upon them to stay within they party . Upon Wangs arrival in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport from Malaysia , thousands of supporters awaited him , including lawmaker Hung Hsiu-chu . People First Party Chairman James Soong criticized Ma regarding the allegation , citing that politics should have some humanity .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " Support for President Ma Ying-jeou came from Wang Chien-shien , President of Control Yuan . He said that despite KMT legislators comprising about three-quarters , or 84 members out of total 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan , the KMT was still being held hostage by opposition Democratic Progressive Party , adding that KMT had accomplish nothing from 2008 until 2012 due to Wang Jin-pyngs inability to deal with people and negotiate . The KMT officially lifted at large term limits for affiliated politicians who had previously served as leader of the legislature in October 2015 .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " On 7 March 2019 , Wang announced his intention to contest the Kuomintang nomination for the 2020 Taiwan presidential election . He withdrew from the 2019 Kuomintang presidential primary on 6 June 2019 . On 17 June , Wang reiterated , I will run [ for president ] to the end , although it is difficult to explain how I will do that , though he would not consider leaving the Kuomintang or a vice presidential candidacy .",
"title": "Later political career"
},
{
"text": " Wangs father , Wang Ko , is the man behind Wangs current family business today . At the age of 28 , on 26 March 1969 Wang met his then-future wife Chen Tsai-lien during the anniversary celebration of Shih Chien Home Economics College at the Feng-Lin Restaurant . It was love at the first sight and both felt a deep connection towards one another . They held their engagement ceremony at Mandarina Crown Hotel .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Legislative Yuan homepage",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Wang_Jin-pyng#P39#3
|
What position did Wang Jin-pyng take in May 2018?
|
Wang Jin-pyng Wang Jin-pyng ( ; born March 17 , 1941 ) is a Taiwanese politician . He served as President of the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2016 , which makes him Taiwans longest-serving legislative speaker . Once a leading figure of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) , Wang is considered to be soft-spoken and a conciliatory figure who has often brokered deals between the KMT and opposition DPP . Due to his longevity , experience and influence in political scene , he is widely a respected figure in Taiwanese politics . He was replaced by Democratic Progressive Partys Su Jia-chyuan as President of the Legislative Yuan after a decisive victory for the DPP in the 2016 election . Early life . Wang was born in a simple rural community in Rochiku Village , Takao Prefecture , Taiwan , Empire of Japan ( modern-day Lujhu , Kaohsiung ) . Living a villagers life , Wang gained positive mental and physical condition . Wang excelled in sports during his school years . His teachers encouraged him to enter the physical education department in university . Wang finished his elementary school in Tainan Municipal Dashe Elementary School . He finished his junior and senior high school from the Tainan First Senior High School in Tainan . In this school , Wang had always become the team leader of the schools tennis team . He finally graduated from the Teachers College of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics in 1965 . Wang said that he never put extra efforts in academic studies since childhood and he does not believe in renowned star schools . However , his grades have always been good and his education went smoothly throughout his school years . Early career . Upon graduation , Wang worked as a mathematics teacher for a year at the Provincial Ging-Der Senior High School in Changhua County . After his mandatory military service in the Republic of China Military Police was completed , Wang returned home to work for the family-run food processing company dealing with export and import trade . In early 1975 , he represented his family business in the founding of Kaohsiung Industrial Association . He was elected as the director-in-chief of the association . His job involved travelling throughout Taiwan to inspect member factories and led to his entry into politics later that year . Political career . Legislative Yuan . Following his victory in the 1975 supplementary legislative election for the Kaohsiung County constituency , Wang took his seat in the Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1976 from being held by Huang Tung-shu previously . He has since been reelected eight times . From 1976 until 1990 , he was a member of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Yuan . In 1980 , 1987 and 1990 , Wang acted many times to assemble members of the Financial Committee and put his efforts forward in making some possible historical policies , such as introducing innovative tax system , opening up the establishment of security firms , lifting prohibition of setting up private banks , removing foreign exchange control schemes and other policies . Kuomintang . On 10 April 1990 , Wang was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Central Policy Committee of the KMT , and then on 17 November 1990 , he was appointed as the Chairman of the Central Policy Committees Finance Commission . Wang became the KMTs first Director-General of the Committee on Coordination between Party and Government and the KMT Caucus Convener in the Legislative Yuan in 1992 following the retirement of all of Legislative Yuan first senior members on 31 December 1991 . During that time , Wang was posted as KMT supervisor and started to search for a mechanism to make cross party negotiation possible . On 27 August 1993 , Wang was elected to become the member of KMT Central Committee , and subsequently the member of Central Standing Committee during the 14th nationwide representative meeting of the party . China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association . In 1993 , Wang was appointed as the Director of China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association where he became more active in promoting parliamentary diplomacy . Taiwan Foundation for Democracy . In 2003 Wang was elected as the chairman of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy , which was a democracy developing project set up by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the ROC . Other organizations . Wang also holds other public welfare positions , such as the President of the Council for Taiwan Major League Baseball Association , Board Chairman of the Formosa Cancer Foundation , President of the Council for National Volunteer Fire Fighters’ Association , Honored Board Chairman of the Charity Mothers Association and Honored Board Chairman of the National No-Barrier Space Development Association . Legislative Yuan Vice Presidency . On 1 February 1993 , Wang became the KMT candidate for the nomination of Vice President post of the Legislative Yuan . Supported by the majority , he secured his post and started to lead the congress . He renewed his three-year post in 1996 , serving the post consecutively from 1 February 1993 until 31 January 1999 . During his office term , Wang successfully completed the passing of many important laws , such as the Self-governance Law for Provinces and Counties , Municipal Self-governance Law , National Health Insurance Law , February 28 Incident Disposition and Compensation Act , Joint Development Law , Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Law , Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Law , Government Procurement Law , Three Laws Pertaining to National Security , Three Laws Pertaining to Communication . Wang was also actively involved in promoting congress diplomacy . He had represented the Legislative Yuan as Vice President visiting abroad and also as representative to receive guests from foreign countries . Kuomintang Vice Chairmanship . Wang had been the vice chairman of KMT in 2000-2005 . ROC Presidential election . During the 2004 presidential election , he served as campaign manager for the Lien Chan and James Soong ticket . Considered part of the pro-localization faction in the KMT , his strong support and active campaigning for the Lien-Soong ticket was considered very significant as it blunted criticism that Lien-Soong were anti-Taiwan . There were calls , which he ignored , from many figures such as Lee Teng-hui for him to abandon Lien and join the Taiwan Solidarity Union before the election . Prior to July 2005 , he was , along with Ma Ying-jeou touted as possible presidential candidates for 2008 . As a southerner , a native Hoklo speaker , and a legislator and person identified with the pro-localization faction of the Kuomintang , he was expected to provide balance to Ma Ying-jeou , who was rooted in northern Taiwan , and someone more identified with the unification-leaning parts of the party . 2005 KMT Chairmanship election . However , on 16 July 2005 , Ma defeated Wang in the first competitive election for KMT chairmanship by a 72% to 28% margin , a margin larger than anticipated by either camp or news sources , despite Wangs receiving a last-minute endorsement by People First Party chairman James Soong , who had retained significant following within the KMT . Immediately after the election , Ma stated repeatedly that he wished Wang to remain as first-ranked deputy chairman . Wang , however , has so far rebuffed the gesture , instead stating that he wishes to serve as permanent volunteer , and snubbed Ma by refusing to meet with him . Wang has , indeed , accepted a party post that is incompatible with vice chairmanship , effectively ending the possibility that he would be vice chairman , although after meeting with Wang , Ma said that he would leave the position open for Wang . Most political commentators believe the KMT chairmanship election definitively put Ma Ying-jeou as the front-runner for the KMT nomination in 2008 ; this was proved correct as Ma won the KMT nomination for 2008 president on 2 May , virtually uncontested . Although Wang did not join the primary election , Wang has also not ruled out running as an independent . Though Ma had offered Wang the nomination as the KMTs Vice Presidential candidate , Wang recently declined the offer , saying that the pressure of being legislative Speaker was too great for him to be able to consider the offer . After weeks of talks and discussions among the Pan-Blue heavy weights including Lien , Wang , Wu and Ma , there was no agreement made to field a Ma-Wang President-Vice President ticket . At the end , Wang decided to turn down Mas offer of Vice Presidency , but stated that he would do his utmost to support Ma in the upcoming election . Legislative Yuan Presidency . 4th Legislative Yuan . Due to his easygoing nature and willingness to listen to differing perspectives , Wang was elected as President of the 4th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1999 with a majority vote of 135 out of 225 seats . Within just one year after taking his new post , Wang promoted adjustments in organization , reinforced staff members , crossed party negotiation according to the five major Legislative Reorganization Act . By doing so , he opened a model in congress reform and contributed to the completion of discussion by the end of the 4th session . During the first half of the session , Wang had passed a total of 60 new laws , confirming the plan to move Legislative Yuan to a new place . In the second half of the session , a total of 96 laws were passed , the second highest in ROC history when 148 laws were passed in 1948 . 5th Legislative Yuan . The KMT lost its majority for the first time in the 2001 legislative election , but through the narrow Pan-Blue Coalition majority , he was reelected president for the 5th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 2002 . As Legislative Yuan President , Wang has gained a reputation of being a soft-spoken figure capable of reaching across party lines . 6th Legislative Yuan . 2005 Busan APEC . In the APEC meeting at South Korea in late 2005 , President Chen Shui-bian nominated Wang as the representative for Chinese Taipei , the designated name for ROC in APEC . The KMT approved of the nomination . This nomination did not become a reality , however , as the PRC pressured South Korea to ask for a second nomination . Despite lobbying by former South Korean president Kim Young-sam , who visited Chen in that time period , Chen was forced to name another person . This cat fight actually exacerbated Taiwans image , as the summit yearbook did not even mention Taiwans presence . The host explanation was that the second nomination was submitted well past the deadline for the yearbook . 7th Legislative Yuan . Until 2011 , Kuomintang legislators were barred from seeking an at-large third term . The restriction was lifted that year , for politicians who made special contributions to the party , meet the needs of the party and have served as legislative speaker , and Wang continued serving as Yuan President . During the final plenary session of the 7th Legislative Yuan on 14 December 2011 , Wang said that the Yuan had passed a total of 896 bills and resolutions over the past four years , including the Special Statute for Distributing Consumption Vouchers for Revitalizing the Economy , Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and legislation regarding the 2G national health insurance program , gender equality and justice in housing . Wang encouraged the yuan to continue its oversight functions on behalf of the public in the future as a power to promote the development of Taiwan . 8th Legislative Yuan . Influence peddling . On 7 September 2013 , according to information gathered through wiretap recordings , President Ma Ying-Jeou accused Wang of influence peddling , a move that damages KMT reputation . The move came during Wangs trip to Malaysia to attend his daughters wedding . Wang was officially expelled from the KMT on 11 September , disqualifying his eligibility to serve as a KMT legislator and ending his 14-year speakership tenure in the Legislative Yuan . The Special Investigation Division of the ROC Supreme Prosecutor Office accused Wang of illegally lobbying for Democratic Progressive Party caucus whip Ker Chien-ming in a breach of trust case by asking the then-Minister of Justice Tseng Yung-fu and the Head Prosecutor of Taiwan High Prosecutors Office Chen Shou-huang ( 陳守煌 ) to use their influence to stop an appeal of a not-guilty verdict for Ker . On 11 September 2013 , Wang sent an attorney to the Taipei District Court to file for an injunction for his KMT membership revocation . On 13 September 2013 , the court approved Wangs request for which Wang had to put NT$9.38 million as a bail . This move ruled that Wang is still the member of Kuomintang and the President of Legislative Yuan until further notice . This court decision however is rejected by KMT Chairman and President Ma Ying-jeou and announced that the party will file for a counter-appeal against the decision . Many support movements around Taiwan were shown to support Wang . After the disciplinary action against Wang , 11 neighborhood wardens in Wangs hometown in Lujhu , Kaohsiung gave up their KMT membership . Wang called upon them to stay within they party . Upon Wangs arrival in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport from Malaysia , thousands of supporters awaited him , including lawmaker Hung Hsiu-chu . People First Party Chairman James Soong criticized Ma regarding the allegation , citing that politics should have some humanity . Support for President Ma Ying-jeou came from Wang Chien-shien , President of Control Yuan . He said that despite KMT legislators comprising about three-quarters , or 84 members out of total 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan , the KMT was still being held hostage by opposition Democratic Progressive Party , adding that KMT had accomplish nothing from 2008 until 2012 due to Wang Jin-pyngs inability to deal with people and negotiate . The KMT officially lifted at large term limits for affiliated politicians who had previously served as leader of the legislature in October 2015 . Later political career . On 7 March 2019 , Wang announced his intention to contest the Kuomintang nomination for the 2020 Taiwan presidential election . He withdrew from the 2019 Kuomintang presidential primary on 6 June 2019 . On 17 June , Wang reiterated , I will run [ for president ] to the end , although it is difficult to explain how I will do that , though he would not consider leaving the Kuomintang or a vice presidential candidacy . Personal life . Wangs father , Wang Ko , is the man behind Wangs current family business today . At the age of 28 , on 26 March 1969 Wang met his then-future wife Chen Tsai-lien during the anniversary celebration of Shih Chien Home Economics College at the Feng-Lin Restaurant . It was love at the first sight and both felt a deep connection towards one another . They held their engagement ceremony at Mandarina Crown Hotel . External links . - Legislative Yuan homepage
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Wang Jin-pyng ( ; born March 17 , 1941 ) is a Taiwanese politician . He served as President of the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2016 , which makes him Taiwans longest-serving legislative speaker . Once a leading figure of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) , Wang is considered to be soft-spoken and a conciliatory figure who has often brokered deals between the KMT and opposition DPP . Due to his longevity , experience and influence in political scene , he is widely a respected figure in Taiwanese politics . He was replaced by Democratic Progressive Partys Su Jia-chyuan",
"title": "Wang Jin-pyng"
},
{
"text": "as President of the Legislative Yuan after a decisive victory for the DPP in the 2016 election .",
"title": "Wang Jin-pyng"
},
{
"text": " Wang was born in a simple rural community in Rochiku Village , Takao Prefecture , Taiwan , Empire of Japan ( modern-day Lujhu , Kaohsiung ) . Living a villagers life , Wang gained positive mental and physical condition . Wang excelled in sports during his school years . His teachers encouraged him to enter the physical education department in university .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Wang finished his elementary school in Tainan Municipal Dashe Elementary School . He finished his junior and senior high school from the Tainan First Senior High School in Tainan . In this school , Wang had always become the team leader of the schools tennis team .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He finally graduated from the Teachers College of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics in 1965 . Wang said that he never put extra efforts in academic studies since childhood and he does not believe in renowned star schools . However , his grades have always been good and his education went smoothly throughout his school years .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduation , Wang worked as a mathematics teacher for a year at the Provincial Ging-Der Senior High School in Changhua County . After his mandatory military service in the Republic of China Military Police was completed , Wang returned home to work for the family-run food processing company dealing with export and import trade .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In early 1975 , he represented his family business in the founding of Kaohsiung Industrial Association . He was elected as the director-in-chief of the association . His job involved travelling throughout Taiwan to inspect member factories and led to his entry into politics later that year .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " Following his victory in the 1975 supplementary legislative election for the Kaohsiung County constituency , Wang took his seat in the Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1976 from being held by Huang Tung-shu previously . He has since been reelected eight times .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan"
},
{
"text": "From 1976 until 1990 , he was a member of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Yuan . In 1980 , 1987 and 1990 , Wang acted many times to assemble members of the Financial Committee and put his efforts forward in making some possible historical policies , such as introducing innovative tax system , opening up the establishment of security firms , lifting prohibition of setting up private banks , removing foreign exchange control schemes and other policies .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan"
},
{
"text": "On 10 April 1990 , Wang was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Central Policy Committee of the KMT , and then on 17 November 1990 , he was appointed as the Chairman of the Central Policy Committees Finance Commission . Wang became the KMTs first Director-General of the Committee on Coordination between Party and Government and the KMT Caucus Convener in the Legislative Yuan in 1992 following the retirement of all of Legislative Yuan first senior members on 31 December 1991 . During that time , Wang was posted as KMT supervisor and started to search for a",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": "mechanism to make cross party negotiation possible .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": " On 27 August 1993 , Wang was elected to become the member of KMT Central Committee , and subsequently the member of Central Standing Committee during the 14th nationwide representative meeting of the party . China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association . In 1993 , Wang was appointed as the Director of China-Japan Parliamentary Member Interactions Association where he became more active in promoting parliamentary diplomacy . Taiwan Foundation for Democracy .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 Wang was elected as the chairman of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy , which was a democracy developing project set up by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the ROC .",
"title": "Kuomintang"
},
{
"text": " Wang also holds other public welfare positions , such as the President of the Council for Taiwan Major League Baseball Association , Board Chairman of the Formosa Cancer Foundation , President of the Council for National Volunteer Fire Fighters’ Association , Honored Board Chairman of the Charity Mothers Association and Honored Board Chairman of the National No-Barrier Space Development Association . Legislative Yuan Vice Presidency .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": "On 1 February 1993 , Wang became the KMT candidate for the nomination of Vice President post of the Legislative Yuan . Supported by the majority , he secured his post and started to lead the congress . He renewed his three-year post in 1996 , serving the post consecutively from 1 February 1993 until 31 January 1999 .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": " During his office term , Wang successfully completed the passing of many important laws , such as the Self-governance Law for Provinces and Counties , Municipal Self-governance Law , National Health Insurance Law , February 28 Incident Disposition and Compensation Act , Joint Development Law , Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Law , Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Law , Government Procurement Law , Three Laws Pertaining to National Security , Three Laws Pertaining to Communication .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": "Wang was also actively involved in promoting congress diplomacy . He had represented the Legislative Yuan as Vice President visiting abroad and also as representative to receive guests from foreign countries .",
"title": "Other organizations"
},
{
"text": " During the 2004 presidential election , he served as campaign manager for the Lien Chan and James Soong ticket . Considered part of the pro-localization faction in the KMT , his strong support and active campaigning for the Lien-Soong ticket was considered very significant as it blunted criticism that Lien-Soong were anti-Taiwan . There were calls , which he ignored , from many figures such as Lee Teng-hui for him to abandon Lien and join the Taiwan Solidarity Union before the election .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Prior to July 2005 , he was , along with Ma Ying-jeou touted as possible presidential candidates for 2008 . As a southerner , a native Hoklo speaker , and a legislator and person identified with the pro-localization faction of the Kuomintang , he was expected to provide balance to Ma Ying-jeou , who was rooted in northern Taiwan , and someone more identified with the unification-leaning parts of the party .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "However , on 16 July 2005 , Ma defeated Wang in the first competitive election for KMT chairmanship by a 72% to 28% margin , a margin larger than anticipated by either camp or news sources , despite Wangs receiving a last-minute endorsement by People First Party chairman James Soong , who had retained significant following within the KMT . Immediately after the election , Ma stated repeatedly that he wished Wang to remain as first-ranked deputy chairman . Wang , however , has so far rebuffed the gesture , instead stating that he wishes to serve as permanent volunteer",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": ", and snubbed Ma by refusing to meet with him . Wang has , indeed , accepted a party post that is incompatible with vice chairmanship , effectively ending the possibility that he would be vice chairman , although after meeting with Wang , Ma said that he would leave the position open for Wang .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Most political commentators believe the KMT chairmanship election definitively put Ma Ying-jeou as the front-runner for the KMT nomination in 2008 ; this was proved correct as Ma won the KMT nomination for 2008 president on 2 May , virtually uncontested . Although Wang did not join the primary election , Wang has also not ruled out running as an independent . Though Ma had offered Wang the nomination as the KMTs Vice Presidential candidate , Wang recently declined the offer , saying that the pressure of being legislative Speaker was too great for him to be able to consider",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "the offer . After weeks of talks and discussions among the Pan-Blue heavy weights including Lien , Wang , Wu and Ma , there was no agreement made to field a Ma-Wang President-Vice President ticket . At the end , Wang decided to turn down Mas offer of Vice Presidency , but stated that he would do his utmost to support Ma in the upcoming election .",
"title": "ROC Presidential election"
},
{
"text": "Due to his easygoing nature and willingness to listen to differing perspectives , Wang was elected as President of the 4th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 1999 with a majority vote of 135 out of 225 seats . Within just one year after taking his new post , Wang promoted adjustments in organization , reinforced staff members , crossed party negotiation according to the five major Legislative Reorganization Act . By doing so , he opened a model in congress reform and contributed to the completion of discussion by the end of the 4th session .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": " During the first half of the session , Wang had passed a total of 60 new laws , confirming the plan to move Legislative Yuan to a new place . In the second half of the session , a total of 96 laws were passed , the second highest in ROC history when 148 laws were passed in 1948 . 5th Legislative Yuan .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "The KMT lost its majority for the first time in the 2001 legislative election , but through the narrow Pan-Blue Coalition majority , he was reelected president for the 5th Legislative Yuan on 1 February 2002 . As Legislative Yuan President , Wang has gained a reputation of being a soft-spoken figure capable of reaching across party lines .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "In the APEC meeting at South Korea in late 2005 , President Chen Shui-bian nominated Wang as the representative for Chinese Taipei , the designated name for ROC in APEC . The KMT approved of the nomination . This nomination did not become a reality , however , as the PRC pressured South Korea to ask for a second nomination . Despite lobbying by former South Korean president Kim Young-sam , who visited Chen in that time period , Chen was forced to name another person . This cat fight actually exacerbated Taiwans image , as the summit yearbook did",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "not even mention Taiwans presence . The host explanation was that the second nomination was submitted well past the deadline for the yearbook .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": " 7th Legislative Yuan . Until 2011 , Kuomintang legislators were barred from seeking an at-large third term . The restriction was lifted that year , for politicians who made special contributions to the party , meet the needs of the party and have served as legislative speaker , and Wang continued serving as Yuan President .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "During the final plenary session of the 7th Legislative Yuan on 14 December 2011 , Wang said that the Yuan had passed a total of 896 bills and resolutions over the past four years , including the Special Statute for Distributing Consumption Vouchers for Revitalizing the Economy , Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and legislation regarding the 2G national health insurance program , gender equality and justice in housing . Wang encouraged the yuan to continue its oversight functions on behalf of the public in the future as a power to promote the development of Taiwan .",
"title": "Legislative Yuan Presidency"
},
{
"text": "On 7 September 2013 , according to information gathered through wiretap recordings , President Ma Ying-Jeou accused Wang of influence peddling , a move that damages KMT reputation . The move came during Wangs trip to Malaysia to attend his daughters wedding . Wang was officially expelled from the KMT on 11 September , disqualifying his eligibility to serve as a KMT legislator and ending his 14-year speakership tenure in the Legislative Yuan . The Special Investigation Division of the ROC Supreme Prosecutor Office accused Wang of illegally lobbying for Democratic Progressive Party caucus whip Ker Chien-ming in a breach",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": "of trust case by asking the then-Minister of Justice Tseng Yung-fu and the Head Prosecutor of Taiwan High Prosecutors Office Chen Shou-huang ( 陳守煌 ) to use their influence to stop an appeal of a not-guilty verdict for Ker .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " On 11 September 2013 , Wang sent an attorney to the Taipei District Court to file for an injunction for his KMT membership revocation . On 13 September 2013 , the court approved Wangs request for which Wang had to put NT$9.38 million as a bail . This move ruled that Wang is still the member of Kuomintang and the President of Legislative Yuan until further notice . This court decision however is rejected by KMT Chairman and President Ma Ying-jeou and announced that the party will file for a counter-appeal against the decision .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": "Many support movements around Taiwan were shown to support Wang . After the disciplinary action against Wang , 11 neighborhood wardens in Wangs hometown in Lujhu , Kaohsiung gave up their KMT membership . Wang called upon them to stay within they party . Upon Wangs arrival in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport from Malaysia , thousands of supporters awaited him , including lawmaker Hung Hsiu-chu . People First Party Chairman James Soong criticized Ma regarding the allegation , citing that politics should have some humanity .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " Support for President Ma Ying-jeou came from Wang Chien-shien , President of Control Yuan . He said that despite KMT legislators comprising about three-quarters , or 84 members out of total 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan , the KMT was still being held hostage by opposition Democratic Progressive Party , adding that KMT had accomplish nothing from 2008 until 2012 due to Wang Jin-pyngs inability to deal with people and negotiate . The KMT officially lifted at large term limits for affiliated politicians who had previously served as leader of the legislature in October 2015 .",
"title": "Influence peddling"
},
{
"text": " On 7 March 2019 , Wang announced his intention to contest the Kuomintang nomination for the 2020 Taiwan presidential election . He withdrew from the 2019 Kuomintang presidential primary on 6 June 2019 . On 17 June , Wang reiterated , I will run [ for president ] to the end , although it is difficult to explain how I will do that , though he would not consider leaving the Kuomintang or a vice presidential candidacy .",
"title": "Later political career"
},
{
"text": " Wangs father , Wang Ko , is the man behind Wangs current family business today . At the age of 28 , on 26 March 1969 Wang met his then-future wife Chen Tsai-lien during the anniversary celebration of Shih Chien Home Economics College at the Feng-Lin Restaurant . It was love at the first sight and both felt a deep connection towards one another . They held their engagement ceremony at Mandarina Crown Hotel .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Legislative Yuan homepage",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#P26#0
|
Who was the spouse of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor between Nov 1669 and Oct 1670?
|
Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I ( full name : Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician ; ; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705 ) was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Hungary , Croatia , and Bohemia . The second son of Ferdinand III , Holy Roman Emperor , by his first wife , Maria Anna of Spain , Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV . Elected in 1658 , Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705 , becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor ( 46 years and 9 months ) . Leopolds reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the Great Turkish War ( 1683-1699 ) and rivalry with Louis XIV , a contemporary and first cousin , in the west . After more than a decade of warfare , Leopold emerged victorious in the east thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy . By the Treaty of Karlowitz , Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingdom of Hungary , which had fallen under Turkish power in the years after the 1526 Battle of Mohács . Leopold fought three wars against France : the Franco-Dutch War , the Nine Years War , and the War of the Spanish Succession . In this last , Leopold sought to give his younger son Charles the entire Spanish inheritance , disregarding the will of the late Charles II . Leopold started a war that soon engulfed much of Europe . The early years of the war went fairly well for Austria , with victories at Schellenberg and Blenheim , but the war would drag on until 1714 , nine years after Leopolds death , which barely had an effect on the warring nations . When peace returned with the Treaty of Rastatt , Austria could not be said to have emerged as triumphant as it had from the war against the Turks . Early years . Born on 9 June 1640 in Vienna , Leopold received the traditional program of education in the Liberal arts , history , literature , natural science and astronomy . He was particularly interested in music , as his father emperor Ferdinand III had been . From an early age Leopold showed an inclination toward learning . He became fluent in Latin , Italian , German , French , and Spanish . In addition to German , Italian would be the most favored language at his court . Likewise he had received comprehensive ecclesiastical training as he had originally been selected for a career in the higher clergy . This plan , though , was dropped upon the 1654 death of his older brother , Ferdinand IV , when Leopold became heir apparent . Nonetheless , Leopolds spiritual education had had a manifest impact on him . Leopold remained under the spell of his clerical education and Jesuit influence throughout his life . For a monarch he was uncommonly knowledgeable about theology , metaphysics , jurisprudence and the sciences . He also retained his interest in astrology and alchemy which he had developed under Jesuit tutors . A deeply religious and devoted person , Leopold personified the pietas Austriaca , or the loyal Catholic attitude of his house . On the other hand , his piety and education may have caused in him a fatalistic strain which inclined him to reject all compromise on denominational questions , which is not always considered a positive characteristic of a ruler . Leopold was said to have typical Habsburg physical attributes , such as the prominent Habsburg lower jaw . Short , thin , and of sick constitution , Leopold was cold and reserved in public and socially inept . However , he is also said to have been open with close associates . Coxe described Leopold in the following manner : His gait was stately , slow and deliberate ; his air pensive , his address awkward , his manner uncouth , his disposition cold and phlegmatic . Spielman argues that his long-expected career in the clergy caused Leopold to have early adopted the intense Catholic piety expected of him and the gentle manners appropriate to a merely supporting role . He grew to manhood without the military ambition that characterized most of his fellow monarchs . From the beginning , his reign was defensive and profoundly conservative . Elected king of Hungary in 1655 , he followed suit in 1656 and 1657 in Bohemia and Croatia respectively . In July 1658 , more than a year after his fathers death , Leopold was elected Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt in opposition to the French Cardinal Mazarin , who sought to place the Imperial Crown on the head of Prince-elector Ferdinand Maria or some other non-Habsburg prince . To conciliate France , which had considerable influence in German affairs thanks to the League of the Rhine , the newly elected Emperor promised not to assist Spain , then at war with France . This marked the beginning of a nearly 47-year reign characterized by a lasting rivalry with France and its king , Louis XIV . The latters dominant personality and power completely overshadowed Leopold , even to this day . Although Leopold did not lead his troops in person as Louis XIV did , he was no less a warrior-king given the greater part of his public life was directed towards the arrangement and furtherance of wars . Second Northern War . Leopolds first war was the Second Northern War ( 1655–1660 ) , in which King Charles X of Sweden tried to become King of Poland with the aid of allies including György II Rákóczi , Prince of Transylvania . Leopolds predecessor , Ferdinand III , had allied with King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland in 1656 . In 1657 , Leopold expanded this alliance to include Austrian troops ( paid by Poland ) . These troops helped defeat the Transylvanian army , and campaigned as far as Denmark . The war ended with the Treaty of Oliwa in 1660 . Early wars against the Ottoman Empire . The Ottoman Empire often interfered in the affairs of Transylvania , always an unruly district , and this interference brought on a war with the Holy Roman Empire , which after some desultory operations really began in 1663 . By a personal appeal to the diet at Regensburg Leopold induced the princes to send assistance for the campaign ; troops were also sent by France , and in August 1664 , the great Imperial general Raimondo Montecuccoli gained a notable victory at Saint Gotthard . By the Peace of Vasvár the Emperor made a twenty years truce with the Sultan , granting more generous terms than his recent victory seemed to render necessary . Wars against France . French expansion increasingly threatened the Empire , especially the seizure of the strategic Duchy of Lorraine in 1670 , followed by the 1672 Franco-Dutch War . By mid June , the Dutch Republic tethered at the brink of destruction , which lead Leopold to agree to an alliance with Brandenburg-Prussia and the Republic on June 25 . However , he was also pondering a revolt in Hungary and viewed French conquests in the Rhineland a higher priority than helping the Dutch . His commander , Raimondo Montecuccoli , was ordered to remain on the defensive and avoid a direct conflict . Chaotic logistics made it impossible to maintain the troops and Brandenburg left the war in June 1673 under the Treaty of Vossem . An anti-French Quadruple Alliance was formed in August , consisting of the Republic , Spain , Emperor Leopold and the Duke of Lorraine , while in May 1674 , the Imperial Diet declared it an Imperial war . The 1678 Treaty of Nijmegen is generally seen as a French victory , although the Alliance succeeded in limiting their gains . Almost immediately after the conclusion of peace Louis renewed his aggressions on the German frontier through the Réunions policy . Engaged in a serious struggle with the Ottoman Empire , the emperor was again slow to move , and although he joined the Association League against France in 1682 he was glad to make a truce at Regensburg two years later . In 1686 the League of Augsburg was formed by the emperor and the imperial princes , to preserve the terms of the treaties of Westphalia and of Nijmegen . The whole European position was now bound up with events in England , and the tension lasted until 1688 , when William III of Orange won the English crown through the Glorious Revolution and Louis invaded Germany . In May 1689 , the Grand Alliance was formed , including the emperor , the kings of England , Spain and Denmark , the elector of Brandenburg and others , and a fierce struggle against France was waged throughout almost the whole of western Europe . In general the several campaigns were favourable to the allies , and in September 1697 , England , Spain and the United Provinces made peace with France at the Treaty of Rijswijk . Leopold refused to assent to the treaty , as he considered that his allies had somewhat neglected his interests , but in the following month he came to terms and a number of places were transferred from France to Germany . The peace with France lasted for about four years and then Europe was involved in the War of the Spanish Succession . The king of Spain , Charles II , was a Habsburg by descent and was related by marriage to the Austrian branch , while a similar tie bound him to the royal house of France . He was feeble and childless , and attempts had been made by the European powers to arrange for a peaceable division of his extensive kingdom . Leopold refused to consent to any partition , and when in November 1700 Charles died , leaving his crown to Philippe de France , Duke of Anjou , a grandson of Louis XIV , all hopes of a peaceable settlement vanished . Under the guidance of William III a powerful league , a renewed Grand Alliance , was formed against France ; of this the emperor was a prominent member , and in 1703 he transferred his claim on the Spanish monarchy to his second son , Charles . The early course of the war was not favorable to the Imperialists , but the tide of defeat had been rolled back by the great victory of Blenheim before Leopold died on 5 May 1705 . Internal problems . The emperor himself defined the guidelines of the politics . Johann Weikhard Auersperg was overthrown in 1669 as the leading minister . He was followed by Wenzel Eusebius Lobkowicz . Both had arranged some connections to France without the knowledge of the emperor . In 1674 also Lobkowicz lost his appointment . In governing his own lands Leopold found his chief difficulties in Hungary , where unrest was caused partly by his desire to crush Protestantism and partly by the so-called Magnate conspiracy . A rising was suppressed in 1671 and for some years Hungary was treated with great severity . In 1681 , after another rising , some grievances were removed and a less repressive policy was adopted , but this did not deter the Hungarians from revolting again . Espousing the cause of the rebels the sultan sent an enormous army into Austria early in 1683 ; this advanced almost unchecked to Vienna , which was besieged from July to September , while Leopold took refuge at Passau . Realizing the gravity of the situation somewhat tardily , some of the German princes , among them the electors of Saxony and Bavaria , led their contingents to the Imperial Army , which was commanded by the emperors brother-in-law , Charles , duke of Lorraine , but the most redoubtable of Leopolds allies was the king of Poland , John III Sobieski , who was already dreaded by the Turks . Austrian forces occupied the castle of Trebišov in 1675 , but in 1682 Imre Thököly captured it and then fled from continuous Austrian attacks , so they blew the castle up , since then it is in ruins . They fled as supposedly Hungarian rebel troops under the command of Imre Thököly , cooperating with the Turks , and sacked the city of Bielsko in 1682 . In 1692 , Leopold gave up his rights to the property and he gave his rights to the property by a donation to Theresia Keglević . He also expelled Jewish communities from his realm , for example the Viennese Jewish community , which used to live in an area called Im Werd across the Danube river . After the expulsion of the Jewish population , with popular support , the area was renamed Leopoldstadt as a thanksgiving . But Frederick William I , Elector of Brandenburg , issued an edict in 1677 , in which he announced his special protection for 50 families of these expelled Jews . Success against the Turks and in Hungary . On 12 September 1683 , the allied army fell upon the enemy , who was completely routed , and Vienna was saved . The imperial forces , among whom Prince Eugene of Savoy was rapidly becoming prominent , followed up the victory with others , notably one near Mohács in 1687 and another at Zenta in 1697 , and in January 1699 , the sultan signed the treaty of Karlowitz by which he admitted the sovereign rights of the house of Habsburg over nearly the whole of Hungary ( including Serbs in Vojvodina ) . As the Habsburg forces retreated , they withdrew 37,000 Serb families under Patriarch Arsenije III Čarnojević of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć . In 1690 and 1691 Emperor Leopold I had conceived through a number of edicts ( Privileges ) the autonomy of Serbs in his Empire , which would last and develop for more than two centuries until its abolition in 1912 . Before the conclusion of the war , however , Leopold had taken measures to strengthen his hold upon this country . In 1687 , the Hungarian diet in Pressburg ( now Bratislava ) changed the constitution , the right of the Habsburgs to succeed to the throne without election was admitted and the emperors elder son Joseph I was crowned hereditary king of Hungary . The Holy Roman Empire . The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 had been a political defeat for the Habsburgs . It ended the idea that Europe was a single Christian empire ; governed spiritually by the Pope and temporally by the Holy Roman Emperor . Moreover , the treaty was devoted to parceling out land and influence to the winners , the anti-Habsburg alliance led by France and Sweden . However , the Habsburgs did gain some benefits out of the wars ; the Protestant aristocracy in Habsburg territories had been decimated , and the ties between Vienna and the Habsburg domains in Bohemia and elsewhere were greatly strengthened . These changes would allow Leopold to initiate necessary political and institutional reforms during his reign to develop somewhat of an absolutist state along French lines . The most important consequences of the war was in retrospect to weaken the Habsburgs as emperors but strengthen them in their own lands . Leopold was the first to realize this altered state of affairs and act in accordance with it . Administrative reform . The reign of Leopold saw some important changes made in the constitution of the Empire . In 1663 the imperial diet entered upon the last stage of its existence , and became a body permanently in session at Regensburg . This perpetual diet would become a vital tool for consolidation of Habsburg power under Leopold . Political changes . In 1692 , the duke of Hanover was raised to the rank of an elector , becoming the ninth member of the electoral college . In 1700 , Leopold , greatly in need of help for the impending war with France , granted the title of king in Prussia to the elector of Brandenburg . The net result of these and similar changes was to weaken the authority of the emperor over the members of the Empire and to compel him to rely more and more upon his position as ruler of the Austrian archduchies and of Hungary and Bohemia . Character and overall assessment . Leopold was a man of industry and education , and during his later years , he showed some political ability . Regarding himself as an absolute sovereign , he was extremely tenacious of his rights . Greatly influenced by the Jesuits , he was a staunch proponent of the Counter-Reformation . In person , he was short , but strong and healthy . Although he had no inclination for a military life , he loved exercise in the open air , such as hunting and riding ; he also had a taste and talent for music and composed several Oratorios and Suites of Dances . Perhaps due to inbreeding among his progenitors , the hereditary Habsburg jaw was most prominent in Leopold . Because his jaw was depicted unusually large on a 1670 silver coin , Leopold was nicknamed the Hogmouth ; however , most collectors do not believe the coin was an accurate depiction . Private life . In 1666 , he married Margaret Theresa of Spain ( 1651–1673 ) , daughter of King Philip IV of Spain , who was both his niece and his first cousin . She was depicted in Diego Velázquez paintings sent from the court of Madrid to Leopold as he waited in Vienna for his fiancée to grow up . Leopold and Margaret Theresa had four children : 1 . Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel ( 1667–1668 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Antonia ( 1669–1692 ) , who married Maximilian II Emanuel , Elector of Bavaria . 3 . Archduke Johann Leopold ( 1670 ) 4 . Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia ( 1672 ) His second wife was Claudia Felicitas of Austria , who died in 1676 at the age of 22 . Neither of their two daughters survived : 1 . Archduchess Anna Maria Josepha ( 1674 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Josepha Clementina ( 1675–1676 ) His third wife was Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg . They had the following children : 1 . Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1678–1711 ) , who married Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2 . Archduchess Maria Christina ( 1679 ) 3 . Archduchess Maria Elisabeth ( 1680–1741 ) , Governor of the Austrian Netherlands 4 . Archduke Leopold Joseph ( 1682–1684 ) 5 . Archduchess Maria Anna ( 1683–1754 ) married John V of Portugal 6 . Archduchess Maria Theresa ( 1684–1696 ) 7 . Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1685–1740 ) , who married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 8 . Archduchess Maria Josepha ( 1687–1703 ) 9 . Archduchess Maria Magdalena ( 1689–1743 ) 10 . Archduchess Maria Margaret ( 1690–1691 ) Music . Like his father , Leopold was a patron of music and a composer . He continued to enrich the courts musical life by employing and providing support for distinguished composers such as Antonio Bertali , Giovanni Bononcini , Johann Kaspar Kerll , Ferdinand Tobias Richter , Alessandro Poglietti , and Johann Fux . Leopolds surviving works show the influence of Bertali and Viennese composers in general ( in oratorios and other dramatic works ) , and of Johann Heinrich Schmelzer ( in ballets and German comedies ) . His sacred music is perhaps his most successful , particularly Missa angeli custodis , a Requiem Mass for his first wife , and Three Lections , composed for the burial of his second wife . Much of Leopolds music was published with works by his father , and described as works of exceeding high merit . Titles . The full titulature of Leopold after he had become emperor went as follows : Leopold I , by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor , forever August , King of Germany , King of Hungary , King of Bohemia , Dalmatia , Croatia , Slavonia , Rama , Serbia , Galicia , Lodomeria , Cumania , Bulgaria , Archduke of Austria , Duke of Burgundy , Brabant , Styria , Carinthia , Carniola , Margrave of Moravia , Duke of Luxemburg , of the Upper and Lower Silesia , of Württemberg and Teck , Prince of Swabia , Count of Habsburg , Tyrol , Kyburg and Gorizia , Landgrave of Alsace , Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire , Burgovia , the Enns , the Upper and Lower Lusatia , Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia , of Port Naon and Salines , etc . etc .
|
[
"Margaret Theresa"
] |
[
{
"text": "Leopold I ( full name : Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician ; ; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705 ) was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Hungary , Croatia , and Bohemia . The second son of Ferdinand III , Holy Roman Emperor , by his first wife , Maria Anna of Spain , Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV . Elected in 1658 , Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705 , becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor ( 46 years and 9 months )",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": " Leopolds reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the Great Turkish War ( 1683-1699 ) and rivalry with Louis XIV , a contemporary and first cousin , in the west . After more than a decade of warfare , Leopold emerged victorious in the east thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy . By the Treaty of Karlowitz , Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingdom of Hungary , which had fallen under Turkish power in the years after the 1526 Battle of Mohács .",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": "Leopold fought three wars against France : the Franco-Dutch War , the Nine Years War , and the War of the Spanish Succession . In this last , Leopold sought to give his younger son Charles the entire Spanish inheritance , disregarding the will of the late Charles II . Leopold started a war that soon engulfed much of Europe . The early years of the war went fairly well for Austria , with victories at Schellenberg and Blenheim , but the war would drag on until 1714 , nine years after Leopolds death , which barely had an effect",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": "on the warring nations . When peace returned with the Treaty of Rastatt , Austria could not be said to have emerged as triumphant as it had from the war against the Turks .",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": " Born on 9 June 1640 in Vienna , Leopold received the traditional program of education in the Liberal arts , history , literature , natural science and astronomy . He was particularly interested in music , as his father emperor Ferdinand III had been . From an early age Leopold showed an inclination toward learning . He became fluent in Latin , Italian , German , French , and Spanish . In addition to German , Italian would be the most favored language at his court .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Likewise he had received comprehensive ecclesiastical training as he had originally been selected for a career in the higher clergy . This plan , though , was dropped upon the 1654 death of his older brother , Ferdinand IV , when Leopold became heir apparent . Nonetheless , Leopolds spiritual education had had a manifest impact on him . Leopold remained under the spell of his clerical education and Jesuit influence throughout his life . For a monarch he was uncommonly knowledgeable about theology , metaphysics , jurisprudence and the sciences . He also retained his interest in astrology and",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "alchemy which he had developed under Jesuit tutors . A deeply religious and devoted person , Leopold personified the pietas Austriaca , or the loyal Catholic attitude of his house . On the other hand , his piety and education may have caused in him a fatalistic strain which inclined him to reject all compromise on denominational questions , which is not always considered a positive characteristic of a ruler .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Leopold was said to have typical Habsburg physical attributes , such as the prominent Habsburg lower jaw . Short , thin , and of sick constitution , Leopold was cold and reserved in public and socially inept . However , he is also said to have been open with close associates . Coxe described Leopold in the following manner : His gait was stately , slow and deliberate ; his air pensive , his address awkward , his manner uncouth , his disposition cold and phlegmatic . Spielman argues that his long-expected career in the clergy caused Leopold to have",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "early adopted the intense Catholic piety expected of him and the gentle manners appropriate to a merely supporting role . He grew to manhood without the military ambition that characterized most of his fellow monarchs . From the beginning , his reign was defensive and profoundly conservative .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Elected king of Hungary in 1655 , he followed suit in 1656 and 1657 in Bohemia and Croatia respectively . In July 1658 , more than a year after his fathers death , Leopold was elected Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt in opposition to the French Cardinal Mazarin , who sought to place the Imperial Crown on the head of Prince-elector Ferdinand Maria or some other non-Habsburg prince . To conciliate France , which had considerable influence in German affairs thanks to the League of the Rhine , the newly elected Emperor promised not to assist Spain , then at",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "war with France . This marked the beginning of a nearly 47-year reign characterized by a lasting rivalry with France and its king , Louis XIV . The latters dominant personality and power completely overshadowed Leopold , even to this day . Although Leopold did not lead his troops in person as Louis XIV did , he was no less a warrior-king given the greater part of his public life was directed towards the arrangement and furtherance of wars .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Leopolds first war was the Second Northern War ( 1655–1660 ) , in which King Charles X of Sweden tried to become King of Poland with the aid of allies including György II Rákóczi , Prince of Transylvania . Leopolds predecessor , Ferdinand III , had allied with King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland in 1656 . In 1657 , Leopold expanded this alliance to include Austrian troops ( paid by Poland ) . These troops helped defeat the Transylvanian army , and campaigned as far as Denmark . The war ended with the Treaty of Oliwa in 1660",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": "The Ottoman Empire often interfered in the affairs of Transylvania , always an unruly district , and this interference brought on a war with the Holy Roman Empire , which after some desultory operations really began in 1663 . By a personal appeal to the diet at Regensburg Leopold induced the princes to send assistance for the campaign ; troops were also sent by France , and in August 1664 , the great Imperial general Raimondo Montecuccoli gained a notable victory at Saint Gotthard . By the Peace of Vasvár the Emperor made a twenty years truce with the Sultan",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": ", granting more generous terms than his recent victory seemed to render necessary .",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": "French expansion increasingly threatened the Empire , especially the seizure of the strategic Duchy of Lorraine in 1670 , followed by the 1672 Franco-Dutch War . By mid June , the Dutch Republic tethered at the brink of destruction , which lead Leopold to agree to an alliance with Brandenburg-Prussia and the Republic on June 25 . However , he was also pondering a revolt in Hungary and viewed French conquests in the Rhineland a higher priority than helping the Dutch . His commander , Raimondo Montecuccoli , was ordered to remain on the defensive and avoid a direct conflict",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": ". Chaotic logistics made it impossible to maintain the troops and Brandenburg left the war in June 1673 under the Treaty of Vossem .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": " An anti-French Quadruple Alliance was formed in August , consisting of the Republic , Spain , Emperor Leopold and the Duke of Lorraine , while in May 1674 , the Imperial Diet declared it an Imperial war . The 1678 Treaty of Nijmegen is generally seen as a French victory , although the Alliance succeeded in limiting their gains .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "Almost immediately after the conclusion of peace Louis renewed his aggressions on the German frontier through the Réunions policy . Engaged in a serious struggle with the Ottoman Empire , the emperor was again slow to move , and although he joined the Association League against France in 1682 he was glad to make a truce at Regensburg two years later . In 1686 the League of Augsburg was formed by the emperor and the imperial princes , to preserve the terms of the treaties of Westphalia and of Nijmegen . The whole European position was now bound up with",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "events in England , and the tension lasted until 1688 , when William III of Orange won the English crown through the Glorious Revolution and Louis invaded Germany . In May 1689 , the Grand Alliance was formed , including the emperor , the kings of England , Spain and Denmark , the elector of Brandenburg and others , and a fierce struggle against France was waged throughout almost the whole of western Europe . In general the several campaigns were favourable to the allies , and in September 1697 , England , Spain and the United Provinces made peace",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "with France at the Treaty of Rijswijk .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "Leopold refused to assent to the treaty , as he considered that his allies had somewhat neglected his interests , but in the following month he came to terms and a number of places were transferred from France to Germany . The peace with France lasted for about four years and then Europe was involved in the War of the Spanish Succession . The king of Spain , Charles II , was a Habsburg by descent and was related by marriage to the Austrian branch , while a similar tie bound him to the royal house of France . He",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "was feeble and childless , and attempts had been made by the European powers to arrange for a peaceable division of his extensive kingdom . Leopold refused to consent to any partition , and when in November 1700 Charles died , leaving his crown to Philippe de France , Duke of Anjou , a grandson of Louis XIV , all hopes of a peaceable settlement vanished . Under the guidance of William III a powerful league , a renewed Grand Alliance , was formed against France ; of this the emperor was a prominent member , and in 1703 he",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "transferred his claim on the Spanish monarchy to his second son , Charles . The early course of the war was not favorable to the Imperialists , but the tide of defeat had been rolled back by the great victory of Blenheim before Leopold died on 5 May 1705 .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": " The emperor himself defined the guidelines of the politics . Johann Weikhard Auersperg was overthrown in 1669 as the leading minister . He was followed by Wenzel Eusebius Lobkowicz . Both had arranged some connections to France without the knowledge of the emperor . In 1674 also Lobkowicz lost his appointment .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "In governing his own lands Leopold found his chief difficulties in Hungary , where unrest was caused partly by his desire to crush Protestantism and partly by the so-called Magnate conspiracy . A rising was suppressed in 1671 and for some years Hungary was treated with great severity . In 1681 , after another rising , some grievances were removed and a less repressive policy was adopted , but this did not deter the Hungarians from revolting again . Espousing the cause of the rebels the sultan sent an enormous army into Austria early in 1683 ; this advanced almost",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "unchecked to Vienna , which was besieged from July to September , while Leopold took refuge at Passau . Realizing the gravity of the situation somewhat tardily , some of the German princes , among them the electors of Saxony and Bavaria , led their contingents to the Imperial Army , which was commanded by the emperors brother-in-law , Charles , duke of Lorraine , but the most redoubtable of Leopolds allies was the king of Poland , John III Sobieski , who was already dreaded by the Turks . Austrian forces occupied the castle of Trebišov in 1675 ,",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "but in 1682 Imre Thököly captured it and then fled from continuous Austrian attacks , so they blew the castle up , since then it is in ruins . They fled as supposedly Hungarian rebel troops under the command of Imre Thököly , cooperating with the Turks , and sacked the city of Bielsko in 1682 . In 1692 , Leopold gave up his rights to the property and he gave his rights to the property by a donation to Theresia Keglević .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": " He also expelled Jewish communities from his realm , for example the Viennese Jewish community , which used to live in an area called Im Werd across the Danube river . After the expulsion of the Jewish population , with popular support , the area was renamed Leopoldstadt as a thanksgiving . But Frederick William I , Elector of Brandenburg , issued an edict in 1677 , in which he announced his special protection for 50 families of these expelled Jews . Success against the Turks and in Hungary .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "On 12 September 1683 , the allied army fell upon the enemy , who was completely routed , and Vienna was saved . The imperial forces , among whom Prince Eugene of Savoy was rapidly becoming prominent , followed up the victory with others , notably one near Mohács in 1687 and another at Zenta in 1697 , and in January 1699 , the sultan signed the treaty of Karlowitz by which he admitted the sovereign rights of the house of Habsburg over nearly the whole of Hungary ( including Serbs in Vojvodina ) . As the Habsburg forces retreated",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": ", they withdrew 37,000 Serb families under Patriarch Arsenije III Čarnojević of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć . In 1690 and 1691 Emperor Leopold I had conceived through a number of edicts ( Privileges ) the autonomy of Serbs in his Empire , which would last and develop for more than two centuries until its abolition in 1912 . Before the conclusion of the war , however , Leopold had taken measures to strengthen his hold upon this country . In 1687 , the Hungarian diet in Pressburg ( now Bratislava ) changed the constitution , the right of the",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "Habsburgs to succeed to the throne without election was admitted and the emperors elder son Joseph I was crowned hereditary king of Hungary .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 had been a political defeat for the Habsburgs . It ended the idea that Europe was a single Christian empire ; governed spiritually by the Pope and temporally by the Holy Roman Emperor . Moreover , the treaty was devoted to parceling out land and influence to the winners , the anti-Habsburg alliance led by France and Sweden . However , the Habsburgs did gain some benefits out of the wars ; the Protestant aristocracy in Habsburg territories had been decimated , and the ties between Vienna and the Habsburg domains in Bohemia and",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "elsewhere were greatly strengthened . These changes would allow Leopold to initiate necessary political and institutional reforms during his reign to develop somewhat of an absolutist state along French lines . The most important consequences of the war was in retrospect to weaken the Habsburgs as emperors but strengthen them in their own lands . Leopold was the first to realize this altered state of affairs and act in accordance with it .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": " The reign of Leopold saw some important changes made in the constitution of the Empire . In 1663 the imperial diet entered upon the last stage of its existence , and became a body permanently in session at Regensburg . This perpetual diet would become a vital tool for consolidation of Habsburg power under Leopold .",
"title": "Administrative reform"
},
{
"text": "In 1692 , the duke of Hanover was raised to the rank of an elector , becoming the ninth member of the electoral college . In 1700 , Leopold , greatly in need of help for the impending war with France , granted the title of king in Prussia to the elector of Brandenburg . The net result of these and similar changes was to weaken the authority of the emperor over the members of the Empire and to compel him to rely more and more upon his position as ruler of the Austrian archduchies and of Hungary and Bohemia",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": "Leopold was a man of industry and education , and during his later years , he showed some political ability . Regarding himself as an absolute sovereign , he was extremely tenacious of his rights . Greatly influenced by the Jesuits , he was a staunch proponent of the Counter-Reformation . In person , he was short , but strong and healthy . Although he had no inclination for a military life , he loved exercise in the open air , such as hunting and riding ; he also had a taste and talent for music and",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": " composed several Oratorios and Suites of Dances . Perhaps due to inbreeding among his progenitors , the hereditary Habsburg jaw was most prominent in Leopold . Because his jaw was depicted unusually large on a 1670 silver coin , Leopold was nicknamed the Hogmouth ; however , most collectors do not believe the coin was an accurate depiction .",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": " In 1666 , he married Margaret Theresa of Spain ( 1651–1673 ) , daughter of King Philip IV of Spain , who was both his niece and his first cousin . She was depicted in Diego Velázquez paintings sent from the court of Madrid to Leopold as he waited in Vienna for his fiancée to grow up . Leopold and Margaret Theresa had four children : 1 . Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel ( 1667–1668 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Antonia ( 1669–1692 ) , who married Maximilian II Emanuel , Elector of Bavaria .",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": "3 . Archduke Johann Leopold ( 1670 )",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": " 4 . Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia ( 1672 ) His second wife was Claudia Felicitas of Austria , who died in 1676 at the age of 22 . Neither of their two daughters survived : 1 . Archduchess Anna Maria Josepha ( 1674 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Josepha Clementina ( 1675–1676 ) His third wife was Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg . They had the following children : 1 . Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1678–1711 ) , who married Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2 . Archduchess Maria Christina ( 1679 )",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": "3 . Archduchess Maria Elisabeth ( 1680–1741 ) , Governor of the Austrian Netherlands",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": " 4 . Archduke Leopold Joseph ( 1682–1684 ) 5 . Archduchess Maria Anna ( 1683–1754 ) married John V of Portugal 6 . Archduchess Maria Theresa ( 1684–1696 ) 7 . Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1685–1740 ) , who married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 8 . Archduchess Maria Josepha ( 1687–1703 ) 9 . Archduchess Maria Magdalena ( 1689–1743 ) 10 . Archduchess Maria Margaret ( 1690–1691 )",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": "Like his father , Leopold was a patron of music and a composer . He continued to enrich the courts musical life by employing and providing support for distinguished composers such as Antonio Bertali , Giovanni Bononcini , Johann Kaspar Kerll , Ferdinand Tobias Richter , Alessandro Poglietti , and Johann Fux . Leopolds surviving works show the influence of Bertali and Viennese composers in general ( in oratorios and other dramatic works ) , and of Johann Heinrich Schmelzer ( in ballets and German comedies ) . His sacred music is perhaps his most successful , particularly Missa angeli",
"title": "Music"
},
{
"text": "custodis , a Requiem Mass for his first wife , and Three Lections , composed for the burial of his second wife . Much of Leopolds music was published with works by his father , and described as works of exceeding high merit .",
"title": "Music"
},
{
"text": "The full titulature of Leopold after he had become emperor went as follows : Leopold I , by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor , forever August , King of Germany , King of Hungary , King of Bohemia , Dalmatia , Croatia , Slavonia , Rama , Serbia , Galicia , Lodomeria , Cumania , Bulgaria , Archduke of Austria , Duke of Burgundy , Brabant , Styria , Carinthia , Carniola , Margrave of Moravia , Duke of Luxemburg , of the Upper and Lower Silesia , of Württemberg and Teck , Prince of Swabia ,",
"title": "Titles"
},
{
"text": "Count of Habsburg , Tyrol , Kyburg and Gorizia , Landgrave of Alsace , Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire , Burgovia , the Enns , the Upper and Lower Lusatia , Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia , of Port Naon and Salines , etc . etc .",
"title": "Titles"
}
] |
/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#P26#1
|
Who was the spouse of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor between Oct 1673 and Jan 1674?
|
Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I ( full name : Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician ; ; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705 ) was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Hungary , Croatia , and Bohemia . The second son of Ferdinand III , Holy Roman Emperor , by his first wife , Maria Anna of Spain , Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV . Elected in 1658 , Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705 , becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor ( 46 years and 9 months ) . Leopolds reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the Great Turkish War ( 1683-1699 ) and rivalry with Louis XIV , a contemporary and first cousin , in the west . After more than a decade of warfare , Leopold emerged victorious in the east thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy . By the Treaty of Karlowitz , Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingdom of Hungary , which had fallen under Turkish power in the years after the 1526 Battle of Mohács . Leopold fought three wars against France : the Franco-Dutch War , the Nine Years War , and the War of the Spanish Succession . In this last , Leopold sought to give his younger son Charles the entire Spanish inheritance , disregarding the will of the late Charles II . Leopold started a war that soon engulfed much of Europe . The early years of the war went fairly well for Austria , with victories at Schellenberg and Blenheim , but the war would drag on until 1714 , nine years after Leopolds death , which barely had an effect on the warring nations . When peace returned with the Treaty of Rastatt , Austria could not be said to have emerged as triumphant as it had from the war against the Turks . Early years . Born on 9 June 1640 in Vienna , Leopold received the traditional program of education in the Liberal arts , history , literature , natural science and astronomy . He was particularly interested in music , as his father emperor Ferdinand III had been . From an early age Leopold showed an inclination toward learning . He became fluent in Latin , Italian , German , French , and Spanish . In addition to German , Italian would be the most favored language at his court . Likewise he had received comprehensive ecclesiastical training as he had originally been selected for a career in the higher clergy . This plan , though , was dropped upon the 1654 death of his older brother , Ferdinand IV , when Leopold became heir apparent . Nonetheless , Leopolds spiritual education had had a manifest impact on him . Leopold remained under the spell of his clerical education and Jesuit influence throughout his life . For a monarch he was uncommonly knowledgeable about theology , metaphysics , jurisprudence and the sciences . He also retained his interest in astrology and alchemy which he had developed under Jesuit tutors . A deeply religious and devoted person , Leopold personified the pietas Austriaca , or the loyal Catholic attitude of his house . On the other hand , his piety and education may have caused in him a fatalistic strain which inclined him to reject all compromise on denominational questions , which is not always considered a positive characteristic of a ruler . Leopold was said to have typical Habsburg physical attributes , such as the prominent Habsburg lower jaw . Short , thin , and of sick constitution , Leopold was cold and reserved in public and socially inept . However , he is also said to have been open with close associates . Coxe described Leopold in the following manner : His gait was stately , slow and deliberate ; his air pensive , his address awkward , his manner uncouth , his disposition cold and phlegmatic . Spielman argues that his long-expected career in the clergy caused Leopold to have early adopted the intense Catholic piety expected of him and the gentle manners appropriate to a merely supporting role . He grew to manhood without the military ambition that characterized most of his fellow monarchs . From the beginning , his reign was defensive and profoundly conservative . Elected king of Hungary in 1655 , he followed suit in 1656 and 1657 in Bohemia and Croatia respectively . In July 1658 , more than a year after his fathers death , Leopold was elected Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt in opposition to the French Cardinal Mazarin , who sought to place the Imperial Crown on the head of Prince-elector Ferdinand Maria or some other non-Habsburg prince . To conciliate France , which had considerable influence in German affairs thanks to the League of the Rhine , the newly elected Emperor promised not to assist Spain , then at war with France . This marked the beginning of a nearly 47-year reign characterized by a lasting rivalry with France and its king , Louis XIV . The latters dominant personality and power completely overshadowed Leopold , even to this day . Although Leopold did not lead his troops in person as Louis XIV did , he was no less a warrior-king given the greater part of his public life was directed towards the arrangement and furtherance of wars . Second Northern War . Leopolds first war was the Second Northern War ( 1655–1660 ) , in which King Charles X of Sweden tried to become King of Poland with the aid of allies including György II Rákóczi , Prince of Transylvania . Leopolds predecessor , Ferdinand III , had allied with King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland in 1656 . In 1657 , Leopold expanded this alliance to include Austrian troops ( paid by Poland ) . These troops helped defeat the Transylvanian army , and campaigned as far as Denmark . The war ended with the Treaty of Oliwa in 1660 . Early wars against the Ottoman Empire . The Ottoman Empire often interfered in the affairs of Transylvania , always an unruly district , and this interference brought on a war with the Holy Roman Empire , which after some desultory operations really began in 1663 . By a personal appeal to the diet at Regensburg Leopold induced the princes to send assistance for the campaign ; troops were also sent by France , and in August 1664 , the great Imperial general Raimondo Montecuccoli gained a notable victory at Saint Gotthard . By the Peace of Vasvár the Emperor made a twenty years truce with the Sultan , granting more generous terms than his recent victory seemed to render necessary . Wars against France . French expansion increasingly threatened the Empire , especially the seizure of the strategic Duchy of Lorraine in 1670 , followed by the 1672 Franco-Dutch War . By mid June , the Dutch Republic tethered at the brink of destruction , which lead Leopold to agree to an alliance with Brandenburg-Prussia and the Republic on June 25 . However , he was also pondering a revolt in Hungary and viewed French conquests in the Rhineland a higher priority than helping the Dutch . His commander , Raimondo Montecuccoli , was ordered to remain on the defensive and avoid a direct conflict . Chaotic logistics made it impossible to maintain the troops and Brandenburg left the war in June 1673 under the Treaty of Vossem . An anti-French Quadruple Alliance was formed in August , consisting of the Republic , Spain , Emperor Leopold and the Duke of Lorraine , while in May 1674 , the Imperial Diet declared it an Imperial war . The 1678 Treaty of Nijmegen is generally seen as a French victory , although the Alliance succeeded in limiting their gains . Almost immediately after the conclusion of peace Louis renewed his aggressions on the German frontier through the Réunions policy . Engaged in a serious struggle with the Ottoman Empire , the emperor was again slow to move , and although he joined the Association League against France in 1682 he was glad to make a truce at Regensburg two years later . In 1686 the League of Augsburg was formed by the emperor and the imperial princes , to preserve the terms of the treaties of Westphalia and of Nijmegen . The whole European position was now bound up with events in England , and the tension lasted until 1688 , when William III of Orange won the English crown through the Glorious Revolution and Louis invaded Germany . In May 1689 , the Grand Alliance was formed , including the emperor , the kings of England , Spain and Denmark , the elector of Brandenburg and others , and a fierce struggle against France was waged throughout almost the whole of western Europe . In general the several campaigns were favourable to the allies , and in September 1697 , England , Spain and the United Provinces made peace with France at the Treaty of Rijswijk . Leopold refused to assent to the treaty , as he considered that his allies had somewhat neglected his interests , but in the following month he came to terms and a number of places were transferred from France to Germany . The peace with France lasted for about four years and then Europe was involved in the War of the Spanish Succession . The king of Spain , Charles II , was a Habsburg by descent and was related by marriage to the Austrian branch , while a similar tie bound him to the royal house of France . He was feeble and childless , and attempts had been made by the European powers to arrange for a peaceable division of his extensive kingdom . Leopold refused to consent to any partition , and when in November 1700 Charles died , leaving his crown to Philippe de France , Duke of Anjou , a grandson of Louis XIV , all hopes of a peaceable settlement vanished . Under the guidance of William III a powerful league , a renewed Grand Alliance , was formed against France ; of this the emperor was a prominent member , and in 1703 he transferred his claim on the Spanish monarchy to his second son , Charles . The early course of the war was not favorable to the Imperialists , but the tide of defeat had been rolled back by the great victory of Blenheim before Leopold died on 5 May 1705 . Internal problems . The emperor himself defined the guidelines of the politics . Johann Weikhard Auersperg was overthrown in 1669 as the leading minister . He was followed by Wenzel Eusebius Lobkowicz . Both had arranged some connections to France without the knowledge of the emperor . In 1674 also Lobkowicz lost his appointment . In governing his own lands Leopold found his chief difficulties in Hungary , where unrest was caused partly by his desire to crush Protestantism and partly by the so-called Magnate conspiracy . A rising was suppressed in 1671 and for some years Hungary was treated with great severity . In 1681 , after another rising , some grievances were removed and a less repressive policy was adopted , but this did not deter the Hungarians from revolting again . Espousing the cause of the rebels the sultan sent an enormous army into Austria early in 1683 ; this advanced almost unchecked to Vienna , which was besieged from July to September , while Leopold took refuge at Passau . Realizing the gravity of the situation somewhat tardily , some of the German princes , among them the electors of Saxony and Bavaria , led their contingents to the Imperial Army , which was commanded by the emperors brother-in-law , Charles , duke of Lorraine , but the most redoubtable of Leopolds allies was the king of Poland , John III Sobieski , who was already dreaded by the Turks . Austrian forces occupied the castle of Trebišov in 1675 , but in 1682 Imre Thököly captured it and then fled from continuous Austrian attacks , so they blew the castle up , since then it is in ruins . They fled as supposedly Hungarian rebel troops under the command of Imre Thököly , cooperating with the Turks , and sacked the city of Bielsko in 1682 . In 1692 , Leopold gave up his rights to the property and he gave his rights to the property by a donation to Theresia Keglević . He also expelled Jewish communities from his realm , for example the Viennese Jewish community , which used to live in an area called Im Werd across the Danube river . After the expulsion of the Jewish population , with popular support , the area was renamed Leopoldstadt as a thanksgiving . But Frederick William I , Elector of Brandenburg , issued an edict in 1677 , in which he announced his special protection for 50 families of these expelled Jews . Success against the Turks and in Hungary . On 12 September 1683 , the allied army fell upon the enemy , who was completely routed , and Vienna was saved . The imperial forces , among whom Prince Eugene of Savoy was rapidly becoming prominent , followed up the victory with others , notably one near Mohács in 1687 and another at Zenta in 1697 , and in January 1699 , the sultan signed the treaty of Karlowitz by which he admitted the sovereign rights of the house of Habsburg over nearly the whole of Hungary ( including Serbs in Vojvodina ) . As the Habsburg forces retreated , they withdrew 37,000 Serb families under Patriarch Arsenije III Čarnojević of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć . In 1690 and 1691 Emperor Leopold I had conceived through a number of edicts ( Privileges ) the autonomy of Serbs in his Empire , which would last and develop for more than two centuries until its abolition in 1912 . Before the conclusion of the war , however , Leopold had taken measures to strengthen his hold upon this country . In 1687 , the Hungarian diet in Pressburg ( now Bratislava ) changed the constitution , the right of the Habsburgs to succeed to the throne without election was admitted and the emperors elder son Joseph I was crowned hereditary king of Hungary . The Holy Roman Empire . The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 had been a political defeat for the Habsburgs . It ended the idea that Europe was a single Christian empire ; governed spiritually by the Pope and temporally by the Holy Roman Emperor . Moreover , the treaty was devoted to parceling out land and influence to the winners , the anti-Habsburg alliance led by France and Sweden . However , the Habsburgs did gain some benefits out of the wars ; the Protestant aristocracy in Habsburg territories had been decimated , and the ties between Vienna and the Habsburg domains in Bohemia and elsewhere were greatly strengthened . These changes would allow Leopold to initiate necessary political and institutional reforms during his reign to develop somewhat of an absolutist state along French lines . The most important consequences of the war was in retrospect to weaken the Habsburgs as emperors but strengthen them in their own lands . Leopold was the first to realize this altered state of affairs and act in accordance with it . Administrative reform . The reign of Leopold saw some important changes made in the constitution of the Empire . In 1663 the imperial diet entered upon the last stage of its existence , and became a body permanently in session at Regensburg . This perpetual diet would become a vital tool for consolidation of Habsburg power under Leopold . Political changes . In 1692 , the duke of Hanover was raised to the rank of an elector , becoming the ninth member of the electoral college . In 1700 , Leopold , greatly in need of help for the impending war with France , granted the title of king in Prussia to the elector of Brandenburg . The net result of these and similar changes was to weaken the authority of the emperor over the members of the Empire and to compel him to rely more and more upon his position as ruler of the Austrian archduchies and of Hungary and Bohemia . Character and overall assessment . Leopold was a man of industry and education , and during his later years , he showed some political ability . Regarding himself as an absolute sovereign , he was extremely tenacious of his rights . Greatly influenced by the Jesuits , he was a staunch proponent of the Counter-Reformation . In person , he was short , but strong and healthy . Although he had no inclination for a military life , he loved exercise in the open air , such as hunting and riding ; he also had a taste and talent for music and composed several Oratorios and Suites of Dances . Perhaps due to inbreeding among his progenitors , the hereditary Habsburg jaw was most prominent in Leopold . Because his jaw was depicted unusually large on a 1670 silver coin , Leopold was nicknamed the Hogmouth ; however , most collectors do not believe the coin was an accurate depiction . Private life . In 1666 , he married Margaret Theresa of Spain ( 1651–1673 ) , daughter of King Philip IV of Spain , who was both his niece and his first cousin . She was depicted in Diego Velázquez paintings sent from the court of Madrid to Leopold as he waited in Vienna for his fiancée to grow up . Leopold and Margaret Theresa had four children : 1 . Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel ( 1667–1668 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Antonia ( 1669–1692 ) , who married Maximilian II Emanuel , Elector of Bavaria . 3 . Archduke Johann Leopold ( 1670 ) 4 . Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia ( 1672 ) His second wife was Claudia Felicitas of Austria , who died in 1676 at the age of 22 . Neither of their two daughters survived : 1 . Archduchess Anna Maria Josepha ( 1674 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Josepha Clementina ( 1675–1676 ) His third wife was Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg . They had the following children : 1 . Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1678–1711 ) , who married Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2 . Archduchess Maria Christina ( 1679 ) 3 . Archduchess Maria Elisabeth ( 1680–1741 ) , Governor of the Austrian Netherlands 4 . Archduke Leopold Joseph ( 1682–1684 ) 5 . Archduchess Maria Anna ( 1683–1754 ) married John V of Portugal 6 . Archduchess Maria Theresa ( 1684–1696 ) 7 . Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1685–1740 ) , who married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 8 . Archduchess Maria Josepha ( 1687–1703 ) 9 . Archduchess Maria Magdalena ( 1689–1743 ) 10 . Archduchess Maria Margaret ( 1690–1691 ) Music . Like his father , Leopold was a patron of music and a composer . He continued to enrich the courts musical life by employing and providing support for distinguished composers such as Antonio Bertali , Giovanni Bononcini , Johann Kaspar Kerll , Ferdinand Tobias Richter , Alessandro Poglietti , and Johann Fux . Leopolds surviving works show the influence of Bertali and Viennese composers in general ( in oratorios and other dramatic works ) , and of Johann Heinrich Schmelzer ( in ballets and German comedies ) . His sacred music is perhaps his most successful , particularly Missa angeli custodis , a Requiem Mass for his first wife , and Three Lections , composed for the burial of his second wife . Much of Leopolds music was published with works by his father , and described as works of exceeding high merit . Titles . The full titulature of Leopold after he had become emperor went as follows : Leopold I , by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor , forever August , King of Germany , King of Hungary , King of Bohemia , Dalmatia , Croatia , Slavonia , Rama , Serbia , Galicia , Lodomeria , Cumania , Bulgaria , Archduke of Austria , Duke of Burgundy , Brabant , Styria , Carinthia , Carniola , Margrave of Moravia , Duke of Luxemburg , of the Upper and Lower Silesia , of Württemberg and Teck , Prince of Swabia , Count of Habsburg , Tyrol , Kyburg and Gorizia , Landgrave of Alsace , Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire , Burgovia , the Enns , the Upper and Lower Lusatia , Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia , of Port Naon and Salines , etc . etc .
|
[
"Claudia Felicitas"
] |
[
{
"text": "Leopold I ( full name : Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician ; ; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705 ) was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Hungary , Croatia , and Bohemia . The second son of Ferdinand III , Holy Roman Emperor , by his first wife , Maria Anna of Spain , Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV . Elected in 1658 , Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705 , becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor ( 46 years and 9 months )",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": " Leopolds reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the Great Turkish War ( 1683-1699 ) and rivalry with Louis XIV , a contemporary and first cousin , in the west . After more than a decade of warfare , Leopold emerged victorious in the east thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy . By the Treaty of Karlowitz , Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingdom of Hungary , which had fallen under Turkish power in the years after the 1526 Battle of Mohács .",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": "Leopold fought three wars against France : the Franco-Dutch War , the Nine Years War , and the War of the Spanish Succession . In this last , Leopold sought to give his younger son Charles the entire Spanish inheritance , disregarding the will of the late Charles II . Leopold started a war that soon engulfed much of Europe . The early years of the war went fairly well for Austria , with victories at Schellenberg and Blenheim , but the war would drag on until 1714 , nine years after Leopolds death , which barely had an effect",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": "on the warring nations . When peace returned with the Treaty of Rastatt , Austria could not be said to have emerged as triumphant as it had from the war against the Turks .",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": " Born on 9 June 1640 in Vienna , Leopold received the traditional program of education in the Liberal arts , history , literature , natural science and astronomy . He was particularly interested in music , as his father emperor Ferdinand III had been . From an early age Leopold showed an inclination toward learning . He became fluent in Latin , Italian , German , French , and Spanish . In addition to German , Italian would be the most favored language at his court .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Likewise he had received comprehensive ecclesiastical training as he had originally been selected for a career in the higher clergy . This plan , though , was dropped upon the 1654 death of his older brother , Ferdinand IV , when Leopold became heir apparent . Nonetheless , Leopolds spiritual education had had a manifest impact on him . Leopold remained under the spell of his clerical education and Jesuit influence throughout his life . For a monarch he was uncommonly knowledgeable about theology , metaphysics , jurisprudence and the sciences . He also retained his interest in astrology and",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "alchemy which he had developed under Jesuit tutors . A deeply religious and devoted person , Leopold personified the pietas Austriaca , or the loyal Catholic attitude of his house . On the other hand , his piety and education may have caused in him a fatalistic strain which inclined him to reject all compromise on denominational questions , which is not always considered a positive characteristic of a ruler .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Leopold was said to have typical Habsburg physical attributes , such as the prominent Habsburg lower jaw . Short , thin , and of sick constitution , Leopold was cold and reserved in public and socially inept . However , he is also said to have been open with close associates . Coxe described Leopold in the following manner : His gait was stately , slow and deliberate ; his air pensive , his address awkward , his manner uncouth , his disposition cold and phlegmatic . Spielman argues that his long-expected career in the clergy caused Leopold to have",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "early adopted the intense Catholic piety expected of him and the gentle manners appropriate to a merely supporting role . He grew to manhood without the military ambition that characterized most of his fellow monarchs . From the beginning , his reign was defensive and profoundly conservative .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Elected king of Hungary in 1655 , he followed suit in 1656 and 1657 in Bohemia and Croatia respectively . In July 1658 , more than a year after his fathers death , Leopold was elected Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt in opposition to the French Cardinal Mazarin , who sought to place the Imperial Crown on the head of Prince-elector Ferdinand Maria or some other non-Habsburg prince . To conciliate France , which had considerable influence in German affairs thanks to the League of the Rhine , the newly elected Emperor promised not to assist Spain , then at",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "war with France . This marked the beginning of a nearly 47-year reign characterized by a lasting rivalry with France and its king , Louis XIV . The latters dominant personality and power completely overshadowed Leopold , even to this day . Although Leopold did not lead his troops in person as Louis XIV did , he was no less a warrior-king given the greater part of his public life was directed towards the arrangement and furtherance of wars .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Leopolds first war was the Second Northern War ( 1655–1660 ) , in which King Charles X of Sweden tried to become King of Poland with the aid of allies including György II Rákóczi , Prince of Transylvania . Leopolds predecessor , Ferdinand III , had allied with King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland in 1656 . In 1657 , Leopold expanded this alliance to include Austrian troops ( paid by Poland ) . These troops helped defeat the Transylvanian army , and campaigned as far as Denmark . The war ended with the Treaty of Oliwa in 1660",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": "The Ottoman Empire often interfered in the affairs of Transylvania , always an unruly district , and this interference brought on a war with the Holy Roman Empire , which after some desultory operations really began in 1663 . By a personal appeal to the diet at Regensburg Leopold induced the princes to send assistance for the campaign ; troops were also sent by France , and in August 1664 , the great Imperial general Raimondo Montecuccoli gained a notable victory at Saint Gotthard . By the Peace of Vasvár the Emperor made a twenty years truce with the Sultan",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": ", granting more generous terms than his recent victory seemed to render necessary .",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": "French expansion increasingly threatened the Empire , especially the seizure of the strategic Duchy of Lorraine in 1670 , followed by the 1672 Franco-Dutch War . By mid June , the Dutch Republic tethered at the brink of destruction , which lead Leopold to agree to an alliance with Brandenburg-Prussia and the Republic on June 25 . However , he was also pondering a revolt in Hungary and viewed French conquests in the Rhineland a higher priority than helping the Dutch . His commander , Raimondo Montecuccoli , was ordered to remain on the defensive and avoid a direct conflict",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": ". Chaotic logistics made it impossible to maintain the troops and Brandenburg left the war in June 1673 under the Treaty of Vossem .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": " An anti-French Quadruple Alliance was formed in August , consisting of the Republic , Spain , Emperor Leopold and the Duke of Lorraine , while in May 1674 , the Imperial Diet declared it an Imperial war . The 1678 Treaty of Nijmegen is generally seen as a French victory , although the Alliance succeeded in limiting their gains .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "Almost immediately after the conclusion of peace Louis renewed his aggressions on the German frontier through the Réunions policy . Engaged in a serious struggle with the Ottoman Empire , the emperor was again slow to move , and although he joined the Association League against France in 1682 he was glad to make a truce at Regensburg two years later . In 1686 the League of Augsburg was formed by the emperor and the imperial princes , to preserve the terms of the treaties of Westphalia and of Nijmegen . The whole European position was now bound up with",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "events in England , and the tension lasted until 1688 , when William III of Orange won the English crown through the Glorious Revolution and Louis invaded Germany . In May 1689 , the Grand Alliance was formed , including the emperor , the kings of England , Spain and Denmark , the elector of Brandenburg and others , and a fierce struggle against France was waged throughout almost the whole of western Europe . In general the several campaigns were favourable to the allies , and in September 1697 , England , Spain and the United Provinces made peace",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "with France at the Treaty of Rijswijk .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "Leopold refused to assent to the treaty , as he considered that his allies had somewhat neglected his interests , but in the following month he came to terms and a number of places were transferred from France to Germany . The peace with France lasted for about four years and then Europe was involved in the War of the Spanish Succession . The king of Spain , Charles II , was a Habsburg by descent and was related by marriage to the Austrian branch , while a similar tie bound him to the royal house of France . He",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "was feeble and childless , and attempts had been made by the European powers to arrange for a peaceable division of his extensive kingdom . Leopold refused to consent to any partition , and when in November 1700 Charles died , leaving his crown to Philippe de France , Duke of Anjou , a grandson of Louis XIV , all hopes of a peaceable settlement vanished . Under the guidance of William III a powerful league , a renewed Grand Alliance , was formed against France ; of this the emperor was a prominent member , and in 1703 he",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "transferred his claim on the Spanish monarchy to his second son , Charles . The early course of the war was not favorable to the Imperialists , but the tide of defeat had been rolled back by the great victory of Blenheim before Leopold died on 5 May 1705 .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": " The emperor himself defined the guidelines of the politics . Johann Weikhard Auersperg was overthrown in 1669 as the leading minister . He was followed by Wenzel Eusebius Lobkowicz . Both had arranged some connections to France without the knowledge of the emperor . In 1674 also Lobkowicz lost his appointment .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "In governing his own lands Leopold found his chief difficulties in Hungary , where unrest was caused partly by his desire to crush Protestantism and partly by the so-called Magnate conspiracy . A rising was suppressed in 1671 and for some years Hungary was treated with great severity . In 1681 , after another rising , some grievances were removed and a less repressive policy was adopted , but this did not deter the Hungarians from revolting again . Espousing the cause of the rebels the sultan sent an enormous army into Austria early in 1683 ; this advanced almost",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "unchecked to Vienna , which was besieged from July to September , while Leopold took refuge at Passau . Realizing the gravity of the situation somewhat tardily , some of the German princes , among them the electors of Saxony and Bavaria , led their contingents to the Imperial Army , which was commanded by the emperors brother-in-law , Charles , duke of Lorraine , but the most redoubtable of Leopolds allies was the king of Poland , John III Sobieski , who was already dreaded by the Turks . Austrian forces occupied the castle of Trebišov in 1675 ,",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "but in 1682 Imre Thököly captured it and then fled from continuous Austrian attacks , so they blew the castle up , since then it is in ruins . They fled as supposedly Hungarian rebel troops under the command of Imre Thököly , cooperating with the Turks , and sacked the city of Bielsko in 1682 . In 1692 , Leopold gave up his rights to the property and he gave his rights to the property by a donation to Theresia Keglević .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": " He also expelled Jewish communities from his realm , for example the Viennese Jewish community , which used to live in an area called Im Werd across the Danube river . After the expulsion of the Jewish population , with popular support , the area was renamed Leopoldstadt as a thanksgiving . But Frederick William I , Elector of Brandenburg , issued an edict in 1677 , in which he announced his special protection for 50 families of these expelled Jews . Success against the Turks and in Hungary .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "On 12 September 1683 , the allied army fell upon the enemy , who was completely routed , and Vienna was saved . The imperial forces , among whom Prince Eugene of Savoy was rapidly becoming prominent , followed up the victory with others , notably one near Mohács in 1687 and another at Zenta in 1697 , and in January 1699 , the sultan signed the treaty of Karlowitz by which he admitted the sovereign rights of the house of Habsburg over nearly the whole of Hungary ( including Serbs in Vojvodina ) . As the Habsburg forces retreated",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": ", they withdrew 37,000 Serb families under Patriarch Arsenije III Čarnojević of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć . In 1690 and 1691 Emperor Leopold I had conceived through a number of edicts ( Privileges ) the autonomy of Serbs in his Empire , which would last and develop for more than two centuries until its abolition in 1912 . Before the conclusion of the war , however , Leopold had taken measures to strengthen his hold upon this country . In 1687 , the Hungarian diet in Pressburg ( now Bratislava ) changed the constitution , the right of the",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "Habsburgs to succeed to the throne without election was admitted and the emperors elder son Joseph I was crowned hereditary king of Hungary .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 had been a political defeat for the Habsburgs . It ended the idea that Europe was a single Christian empire ; governed spiritually by the Pope and temporally by the Holy Roman Emperor . Moreover , the treaty was devoted to parceling out land and influence to the winners , the anti-Habsburg alliance led by France and Sweden . However , the Habsburgs did gain some benefits out of the wars ; the Protestant aristocracy in Habsburg territories had been decimated , and the ties between Vienna and the Habsburg domains in Bohemia and",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "elsewhere were greatly strengthened . These changes would allow Leopold to initiate necessary political and institutional reforms during his reign to develop somewhat of an absolutist state along French lines . The most important consequences of the war was in retrospect to weaken the Habsburgs as emperors but strengthen them in their own lands . Leopold was the first to realize this altered state of affairs and act in accordance with it .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": " The reign of Leopold saw some important changes made in the constitution of the Empire . In 1663 the imperial diet entered upon the last stage of its existence , and became a body permanently in session at Regensburg . This perpetual diet would become a vital tool for consolidation of Habsburg power under Leopold .",
"title": "Administrative reform"
},
{
"text": "In 1692 , the duke of Hanover was raised to the rank of an elector , becoming the ninth member of the electoral college . In 1700 , Leopold , greatly in need of help for the impending war with France , granted the title of king in Prussia to the elector of Brandenburg . The net result of these and similar changes was to weaken the authority of the emperor over the members of the Empire and to compel him to rely more and more upon his position as ruler of the Austrian archduchies and of Hungary and Bohemia",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": "Leopold was a man of industry and education , and during his later years , he showed some political ability . Regarding himself as an absolute sovereign , he was extremely tenacious of his rights . Greatly influenced by the Jesuits , he was a staunch proponent of the Counter-Reformation . In person , he was short , but strong and healthy . Although he had no inclination for a military life , he loved exercise in the open air , such as hunting and riding ; he also had a taste and talent for music and",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": " composed several Oratorios and Suites of Dances . Perhaps due to inbreeding among his progenitors , the hereditary Habsburg jaw was most prominent in Leopold . Because his jaw was depicted unusually large on a 1670 silver coin , Leopold was nicknamed the Hogmouth ; however , most collectors do not believe the coin was an accurate depiction .",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": " In 1666 , he married Margaret Theresa of Spain ( 1651–1673 ) , daughter of King Philip IV of Spain , who was both his niece and his first cousin . She was depicted in Diego Velázquez paintings sent from the court of Madrid to Leopold as he waited in Vienna for his fiancée to grow up . Leopold and Margaret Theresa had four children : 1 . Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel ( 1667–1668 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Antonia ( 1669–1692 ) , who married Maximilian II Emanuel , Elector of Bavaria .",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": "3 . Archduke Johann Leopold ( 1670 )",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": " 4 . Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia ( 1672 ) His second wife was Claudia Felicitas of Austria , who died in 1676 at the age of 22 . Neither of their two daughters survived : 1 . Archduchess Anna Maria Josepha ( 1674 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Josepha Clementina ( 1675–1676 ) His third wife was Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg . They had the following children : 1 . Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1678–1711 ) , who married Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2 . Archduchess Maria Christina ( 1679 )",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": "3 . Archduchess Maria Elisabeth ( 1680–1741 ) , Governor of the Austrian Netherlands",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": " 4 . Archduke Leopold Joseph ( 1682–1684 ) 5 . Archduchess Maria Anna ( 1683–1754 ) married John V of Portugal 6 . Archduchess Maria Theresa ( 1684–1696 ) 7 . Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1685–1740 ) , who married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 8 . Archduchess Maria Josepha ( 1687–1703 ) 9 . Archduchess Maria Magdalena ( 1689–1743 ) 10 . Archduchess Maria Margaret ( 1690–1691 )",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": "Like his father , Leopold was a patron of music and a composer . He continued to enrich the courts musical life by employing and providing support for distinguished composers such as Antonio Bertali , Giovanni Bononcini , Johann Kaspar Kerll , Ferdinand Tobias Richter , Alessandro Poglietti , and Johann Fux . Leopolds surviving works show the influence of Bertali and Viennese composers in general ( in oratorios and other dramatic works ) , and of Johann Heinrich Schmelzer ( in ballets and German comedies ) . His sacred music is perhaps his most successful , particularly Missa angeli",
"title": "Music"
},
{
"text": "custodis , a Requiem Mass for his first wife , and Three Lections , composed for the burial of his second wife . Much of Leopolds music was published with works by his father , and described as works of exceeding high merit .",
"title": "Music"
},
{
"text": "The full titulature of Leopold after he had become emperor went as follows : Leopold I , by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor , forever August , King of Germany , King of Hungary , King of Bohemia , Dalmatia , Croatia , Slavonia , Rama , Serbia , Galicia , Lodomeria , Cumania , Bulgaria , Archduke of Austria , Duke of Burgundy , Brabant , Styria , Carinthia , Carniola , Margrave of Moravia , Duke of Luxemburg , of the Upper and Lower Silesia , of Württemberg and Teck , Prince of Swabia ,",
"title": "Titles"
},
{
"text": "Count of Habsburg , Tyrol , Kyburg and Gorizia , Landgrave of Alsace , Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire , Burgovia , the Enns , the Upper and Lower Lusatia , Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia , of Port Naon and Salines , etc . etc .",
"title": "Titles"
}
] |
/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#P26#2
|
Who was the spouse of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor in Mar 1676?
|
Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I ( full name : Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician ; ; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705 ) was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Hungary , Croatia , and Bohemia . The second son of Ferdinand III , Holy Roman Emperor , by his first wife , Maria Anna of Spain , Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV . Elected in 1658 , Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705 , becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor ( 46 years and 9 months ) . Leopolds reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the Great Turkish War ( 1683-1699 ) and rivalry with Louis XIV , a contemporary and first cousin , in the west . After more than a decade of warfare , Leopold emerged victorious in the east thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy . By the Treaty of Karlowitz , Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingdom of Hungary , which had fallen under Turkish power in the years after the 1526 Battle of Mohács . Leopold fought three wars against France : the Franco-Dutch War , the Nine Years War , and the War of the Spanish Succession . In this last , Leopold sought to give his younger son Charles the entire Spanish inheritance , disregarding the will of the late Charles II . Leopold started a war that soon engulfed much of Europe . The early years of the war went fairly well for Austria , with victories at Schellenberg and Blenheim , but the war would drag on until 1714 , nine years after Leopolds death , which barely had an effect on the warring nations . When peace returned with the Treaty of Rastatt , Austria could not be said to have emerged as triumphant as it had from the war against the Turks . Early years . Born on 9 June 1640 in Vienna , Leopold received the traditional program of education in the Liberal arts , history , literature , natural science and astronomy . He was particularly interested in music , as his father emperor Ferdinand III had been . From an early age Leopold showed an inclination toward learning . He became fluent in Latin , Italian , German , French , and Spanish . In addition to German , Italian would be the most favored language at his court . Likewise he had received comprehensive ecclesiastical training as he had originally been selected for a career in the higher clergy . This plan , though , was dropped upon the 1654 death of his older brother , Ferdinand IV , when Leopold became heir apparent . Nonetheless , Leopolds spiritual education had had a manifest impact on him . Leopold remained under the spell of his clerical education and Jesuit influence throughout his life . For a monarch he was uncommonly knowledgeable about theology , metaphysics , jurisprudence and the sciences . He also retained his interest in astrology and alchemy which he had developed under Jesuit tutors . A deeply religious and devoted person , Leopold personified the pietas Austriaca , or the loyal Catholic attitude of his house . On the other hand , his piety and education may have caused in him a fatalistic strain which inclined him to reject all compromise on denominational questions , which is not always considered a positive characteristic of a ruler . Leopold was said to have typical Habsburg physical attributes , such as the prominent Habsburg lower jaw . Short , thin , and of sick constitution , Leopold was cold and reserved in public and socially inept . However , he is also said to have been open with close associates . Coxe described Leopold in the following manner : His gait was stately , slow and deliberate ; his air pensive , his address awkward , his manner uncouth , his disposition cold and phlegmatic . Spielman argues that his long-expected career in the clergy caused Leopold to have early adopted the intense Catholic piety expected of him and the gentle manners appropriate to a merely supporting role . He grew to manhood without the military ambition that characterized most of his fellow monarchs . From the beginning , his reign was defensive and profoundly conservative . Elected king of Hungary in 1655 , he followed suit in 1656 and 1657 in Bohemia and Croatia respectively . In July 1658 , more than a year after his fathers death , Leopold was elected Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt in opposition to the French Cardinal Mazarin , who sought to place the Imperial Crown on the head of Prince-elector Ferdinand Maria or some other non-Habsburg prince . To conciliate France , which had considerable influence in German affairs thanks to the League of the Rhine , the newly elected Emperor promised not to assist Spain , then at war with France . This marked the beginning of a nearly 47-year reign characterized by a lasting rivalry with France and its king , Louis XIV . The latters dominant personality and power completely overshadowed Leopold , even to this day . Although Leopold did not lead his troops in person as Louis XIV did , he was no less a warrior-king given the greater part of his public life was directed towards the arrangement and furtherance of wars . Second Northern War . Leopolds first war was the Second Northern War ( 1655–1660 ) , in which King Charles X of Sweden tried to become King of Poland with the aid of allies including György II Rákóczi , Prince of Transylvania . Leopolds predecessor , Ferdinand III , had allied with King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland in 1656 . In 1657 , Leopold expanded this alliance to include Austrian troops ( paid by Poland ) . These troops helped defeat the Transylvanian army , and campaigned as far as Denmark . The war ended with the Treaty of Oliwa in 1660 . Early wars against the Ottoman Empire . The Ottoman Empire often interfered in the affairs of Transylvania , always an unruly district , and this interference brought on a war with the Holy Roman Empire , which after some desultory operations really began in 1663 . By a personal appeal to the diet at Regensburg Leopold induced the princes to send assistance for the campaign ; troops were also sent by France , and in August 1664 , the great Imperial general Raimondo Montecuccoli gained a notable victory at Saint Gotthard . By the Peace of Vasvár the Emperor made a twenty years truce with the Sultan , granting more generous terms than his recent victory seemed to render necessary . Wars against France . French expansion increasingly threatened the Empire , especially the seizure of the strategic Duchy of Lorraine in 1670 , followed by the 1672 Franco-Dutch War . By mid June , the Dutch Republic tethered at the brink of destruction , which lead Leopold to agree to an alliance with Brandenburg-Prussia and the Republic on June 25 . However , he was also pondering a revolt in Hungary and viewed French conquests in the Rhineland a higher priority than helping the Dutch . His commander , Raimondo Montecuccoli , was ordered to remain on the defensive and avoid a direct conflict . Chaotic logistics made it impossible to maintain the troops and Brandenburg left the war in June 1673 under the Treaty of Vossem . An anti-French Quadruple Alliance was formed in August , consisting of the Republic , Spain , Emperor Leopold and the Duke of Lorraine , while in May 1674 , the Imperial Diet declared it an Imperial war . The 1678 Treaty of Nijmegen is generally seen as a French victory , although the Alliance succeeded in limiting their gains . Almost immediately after the conclusion of peace Louis renewed his aggressions on the German frontier through the Réunions policy . Engaged in a serious struggle with the Ottoman Empire , the emperor was again slow to move , and although he joined the Association League against France in 1682 he was glad to make a truce at Regensburg two years later . In 1686 the League of Augsburg was formed by the emperor and the imperial princes , to preserve the terms of the treaties of Westphalia and of Nijmegen . The whole European position was now bound up with events in England , and the tension lasted until 1688 , when William III of Orange won the English crown through the Glorious Revolution and Louis invaded Germany . In May 1689 , the Grand Alliance was formed , including the emperor , the kings of England , Spain and Denmark , the elector of Brandenburg and others , and a fierce struggle against France was waged throughout almost the whole of western Europe . In general the several campaigns were favourable to the allies , and in September 1697 , England , Spain and the United Provinces made peace with France at the Treaty of Rijswijk . Leopold refused to assent to the treaty , as he considered that his allies had somewhat neglected his interests , but in the following month he came to terms and a number of places were transferred from France to Germany . The peace with France lasted for about four years and then Europe was involved in the War of the Spanish Succession . The king of Spain , Charles II , was a Habsburg by descent and was related by marriage to the Austrian branch , while a similar tie bound him to the royal house of France . He was feeble and childless , and attempts had been made by the European powers to arrange for a peaceable division of his extensive kingdom . Leopold refused to consent to any partition , and when in November 1700 Charles died , leaving his crown to Philippe de France , Duke of Anjou , a grandson of Louis XIV , all hopes of a peaceable settlement vanished . Under the guidance of William III a powerful league , a renewed Grand Alliance , was formed against France ; of this the emperor was a prominent member , and in 1703 he transferred his claim on the Spanish monarchy to his second son , Charles . The early course of the war was not favorable to the Imperialists , but the tide of defeat had been rolled back by the great victory of Blenheim before Leopold died on 5 May 1705 . Internal problems . The emperor himself defined the guidelines of the politics . Johann Weikhard Auersperg was overthrown in 1669 as the leading minister . He was followed by Wenzel Eusebius Lobkowicz . Both had arranged some connections to France without the knowledge of the emperor . In 1674 also Lobkowicz lost his appointment . In governing his own lands Leopold found his chief difficulties in Hungary , where unrest was caused partly by his desire to crush Protestantism and partly by the so-called Magnate conspiracy . A rising was suppressed in 1671 and for some years Hungary was treated with great severity . In 1681 , after another rising , some grievances were removed and a less repressive policy was adopted , but this did not deter the Hungarians from revolting again . Espousing the cause of the rebels the sultan sent an enormous army into Austria early in 1683 ; this advanced almost unchecked to Vienna , which was besieged from July to September , while Leopold took refuge at Passau . Realizing the gravity of the situation somewhat tardily , some of the German princes , among them the electors of Saxony and Bavaria , led their contingents to the Imperial Army , which was commanded by the emperors brother-in-law , Charles , duke of Lorraine , but the most redoubtable of Leopolds allies was the king of Poland , John III Sobieski , who was already dreaded by the Turks . Austrian forces occupied the castle of Trebišov in 1675 , but in 1682 Imre Thököly captured it and then fled from continuous Austrian attacks , so they blew the castle up , since then it is in ruins . They fled as supposedly Hungarian rebel troops under the command of Imre Thököly , cooperating with the Turks , and sacked the city of Bielsko in 1682 . In 1692 , Leopold gave up his rights to the property and he gave his rights to the property by a donation to Theresia Keglević . He also expelled Jewish communities from his realm , for example the Viennese Jewish community , which used to live in an area called Im Werd across the Danube river . After the expulsion of the Jewish population , with popular support , the area was renamed Leopoldstadt as a thanksgiving . But Frederick William I , Elector of Brandenburg , issued an edict in 1677 , in which he announced his special protection for 50 families of these expelled Jews . Success against the Turks and in Hungary . On 12 September 1683 , the allied army fell upon the enemy , who was completely routed , and Vienna was saved . The imperial forces , among whom Prince Eugene of Savoy was rapidly becoming prominent , followed up the victory with others , notably one near Mohács in 1687 and another at Zenta in 1697 , and in January 1699 , the sultan signed the treaty of Karlowitz by which he admitted the sovereign rights of the house of Habsburg over nearly the whole of Hungary ( including Serbs in Vojvodina ) . As the Habsburg forces retreated , they withdrew 37,000 Serb families under Patriarch Arsenije III Čarnojević of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć . In 1690 and 1691 Emperor Leopold I had conceived through a number of edicts ( Privileges ) the autonomy of Serbs in his Empire , which would last and develop for more than two centuries until its abolition in 1912 . Before the conclusion of the war , however , Leopold had taken measures to strengthen his hold upon this country . In 1687 , the Hungarian diet in Pressburg ( now Bratislava ) changed the constitution , the right of the Habsburgs to succeed to the throne without election was admitted and the emperors elder son Joseph I was crowned hereditary king of Hungary . The Holy Roman Empire . The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 had been a political defeat for the Habsburgs . It ended the idea that Europe was a single Christian empire ; governed spiritually by the Pope and temporally by the Holy Roman Emperor . Moreover , the treaty was devoted to parceling out land and influence to the winners , the anti-Habsburg alliance led by France and Sweden . However , the Habsburgs did gain some benefits out of the wars ; the Protestant aristocracy in Habsburg territories had been decimated , and the ties between Vienna and the Habsburg domains in Bohemia and elsewhere were greatly strengthened . These changes would allow Leopold to initiate necessary political and institutional reforms during his reign to develop somewhat of an absolutist state along French lines . The most important consequences of the war was in retrospect to weaken the Habsburgs as emperors but strengthen them in their own lands . Leopold was the first to realize this altered state of affairs and act in accordance with it . Administrative reform . The reign of Leopold saw some important changes made in the constitution of the Empire . In 1663 the imperial diet entered upon the last stage of its existence , and became a body permanently in session at Regensburg . This perpetual diet would become a vital tool for consolidation of Habsburg power under Leopold . Political changes . In 1692 , the duke of Hanover was raised to the rank of an elector , becoming the ninth member of the electoral college . In 1700 , Leopold , greatly in need of help for the impending war with France , granted the title of king in Prussia to the elector of Brandenburg . The net result of these and similar changes was to weaken the authority of the emperor over the members of the Empire and to compel him to rely more and more upon his position as ruler of the Austrian archduchies and of Hungary and Bohemia . Character and overall assessment . Leopold was a man of industry and education , and during his later years , he showed some political ability . Regarding himself as an absolute sovereign , he was extremely tenacious of his rights . Greatly influenced by the Jesuits , he was a staunch proponent of the Counter-Reformation . In person , he was short , but strong and healthy . Although he had no inclination for a military life , he loved exercise in the open air , such as hunting and riding ; he also had a taste and talent for music and composed several Oratorios and Suites of Dances . Perhaps due to inbreeding among his progenitors , the hereditary Habsburg jaw was most prominent in Leopold . Because his jaw was depicted unusually large on a 1670 silver coin , Leopold was nicknamed the Hogmouth ; however , most collectors do not believe the coin was an accurate depiction . Private life . In 1666 , he married Margaret Theresa of Spain ( 1651–1673 ) , daughter of King Philip IV of Spain , who was both his niece and his first cousin . She was depicted in Diego Velázquez paintings sent from the court of Madrid to Leopold as he waited in Vienna for his fiancée to grow up . Leopold and Margaret Theresa had four children : 1 . Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel ( 1667–1668 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Antonia ( 1669–1692 ) , who married Maximilian II Emanuel , Elector of Bavaria . 3 . Archduke Johann Leopold ( 1670 ) 4 . Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia ( 1672 ) His second wife was Claudia Felicitas of Austria , who died in 1676 at the age of 22 . Neither of their two daughters survived : 1 . Archduchess Anna Maria Josepha ( 1674 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Josepha Clementina ( 1675–1676 ) His third wife was Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg . They had the following children : 1 . Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1678–1711 ) , who married Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2 . Archduchess Maria Christina ( 1679 ) 3 . Archduchess Maria Elisabeth ( 1680–1741 ) , Governor of the Austrian Netherlands 4 . Archduke Leopold Joseph ( 1682–1684 ) 5 . Archduchess Maria Anna ( 1683–1754 ) married John V of Portugal 6 . Archduchess Maria Theresa ( 1684–1696 ) 7 . Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1685–1740 ) , who married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 8 . Archduchess Maria Josepha ( 1687–1703 ) 9 . Archduchess Maria Magdalena ( 1689–1743 ) 10 . Archduchess Maria Margaret ( 1690–1691 ) Music . Like his father , Leopold was a patron of music and a composer . He continued to enrich the courts musical life by employing and providing support for distinguished composers such as Antonio Bertali , Giovanni Bononcini , Johann Kaspar Kerll , Ferdinand Tobias Richter , Alessandro Poglietti , and Johann Fux . Leopolds surviving works show the influence of Bertali and Viennese composers in general ( in oratorios and other dramatic works ) , and of Johann Heinrich Schmelzer ( in ballets and German comedies ) . His sacred music is perhaps his most successful , particularly Missa angeli custodis , a Requiem Mass for his first wife , and Three Lections , composed for the burial of his second wife . Much of Leopolds music was published with works by his father , and described as works of exceeding high merit . Titles . The full titulature of Leopold after he had become emperor went as follows : Leopold I , by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor , forever August , King of Germany , King of Hungary , King of Bohemia , Dalmatia , Croatia , Slavonia , Rama , Serbia , Galicia , Lodomeria , Cumania , Bulgaria , Archduke of Austria , Duke of Burgundy , Brabant , Styria , Carinthia , Carniola , Margrave of Moravia , Duke of Luxemburg , of the Upper and Lower Silesia , of Württemberg and Teck , Prince of Swabia , Count of Habsburg , Tyrol , Kyburg and Gorizia , Landgrave of Alsace , Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire , Burgovia , the Enns , the Upper and Lower Lusatia , Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia , of Port Naon and Salines , etc . etc .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Leopold I ( full name : Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician ; ; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705 ) was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Hungary , Croatia , and Bohemia . The second son of Ferdinand III , Holy Roman Emperor , by his first wife , Maria Anna of Spain , Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV . Elected in 1658 , Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705 , becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor ( 46 years and 9 months )",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": " Leopolds reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the Great Turkish War ( 1683-1699 ) and rivalry with Louis XIV , a contemporary and first cousin , in the west . After more than a decade of warfare , Leopold emerged victorious in the east thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy . By the Treaty of Karlowitz , Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingdom of Hungary , which had fallen under Turkish power in the years after the 1526 Battle of Mohács .",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": "Leopold fought three wars against France : the Franco-Dutch War , the Nine Years War , and the War of the Spanish Succession . In this last , Leopold sought to give his younger son Charles the entire Spanish inheritance , disregarding the will of the late Charles II . Leopold started a war that soon engulfed much of Europe . The early years of the war went fairly well for Austria , with victories at Schellenberg and Blenheim , but the war would drag on until 1714 , nine years after Leopolds death , which barely had an effect",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": "on the warring nations . When peace returned with the Treaty of Rastatt , Austria could not be said to have emerged as triumphant as it had from the war against the Turks .",
"title": "Leopold I , Holy Roman Emperor"
},
{
"text": " Born on 9 June 1640 in Vienna , Leopold received the traditional program of education in the Liberal arts , history , literature , natural science and astronomy . He was particularly interested in music , as his father emperor Ferdinand III had been . From an early age Leopold showed an inclination toward learning . He became fluent in Latin , Italian , German , French , and Spanish . In addition to German , Italian would be the most favored language at his court .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Likewise he had received comprehensive ecclesiastical training as he had originally been selected for a career in the higher clergy . This plan , though , was dropped upon the 1654 death of his older brother , Ferdinand IV , when Leopold became heir apparent . Nonetheless , Leopolds spiritual education had had a manifest impact on him . Leopold remained under the spell of his clerical education and Jesuit influence throughout his life . For a monarch he was uncommonly knowledgeable about theology , metaphysics , jurisprudence and the sciences . He also retained his interest in astrology and",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "alchemy which he had developed under Jesuit tutors . A deeply religious and devoted person , Leopold personified the pietas Austriaca , or the loyal Catholic attitude of his house . On the other hand , his piety and education may have caused in him a fatalistic strain which inclined him to reject all compromise on denominational questions , which is not always considered a positive characteristic of a ruler .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Leopold was said to have typical Habsburg physical attributes , such as the prominent Habsburg lower jaw . Short , thin , and of sick constitution , Leopold was cold and reserved in public and socially inept . However , he is also said to have been open with close associates . Coxe described Leopold in the following manner : His gait was stately , slow and deliberate ; his air pensive , his address awkward , his manner uncouth , his disposition cold and phlegmatic . Spielman argues that his long-expected career in the clergy caused Leopold to have",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "early adopted the intense Catholic piety expected of him and the gentle manners appropriate to a merely supporting role . He grew to manhood without the military ambition that characterized most of his fellow monarchs . From the beginning , his reign was defensive and profoundly conservative .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Elected king of Hungary in 1655 , he followed suit in 1656 and 1657 in Bohemia and Croatia respectively . In July 1658 , more than a year after his fathers death , Leopold was elected Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt in opposition to the French Cardinal Mazarin , who sought to place the Imperial Crown on the head of Prince-elector Ferdinand Maria or some other non-Habsburg prince . To conciliate France , which had considerable influence in German affairs thanks to the League of the Rhine , the newly elected Emperor promised not to assist Spain , then at",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "war with France . This marked the beginning of a nearly 47-year reign characterized by a lasting rivalry with France and its king , Louis XIV . The latters dominant personality and power completely overshadowed Leopold , even to this day . Although Leopold did not lead his troops in person as Louis XIV did , he was no less a warrior-king given the greater part of his public life was directed towards the arrangement and furtherance of wars .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Leopolds first war was the Second Northern War ( 1655–1660 ) , in which King Charles X of Sweden tried to become King of Poland with the aid of allies including György II Rákóczi , Prince of Transylvania . Leopolds predecessor , Ferdinand III , had allied with King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland in 1656 . In 1657 , Leopold expanded this alliance to include Austrian troops ( paid by Poland ) . These troops helped defeat the Transylvanian army , and campaigned as far as Denmark . The war ended with the Treaty of Oliwa in 1660",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": "The Ottoman Empire often interfered in the affairs of Transylvania , always an unruly district , and this interference brought on a war with the Holy Roman Empire , which after some desultory operations really began in 1663 . By a personal appeal to the diet at Regensburg Leopold induced the princes to send assistance for the campaign ; troops were also sent by France , and in August 1664 , the great Imperial general Raimondo Montecuccoli gained a notable victory at Saint Gotthard . By the Peace of Vasvár the Emperor made a twenty years truce with the Sultan",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": ", granting more generous terms than his recent victory seemed to render necessary .",
"title": "Second Northern War"
},
{
"text": "French expansion increasingly threatened the Empire , especially the seizure of the strategic Duchy of Lorraine in 1670 , followed by the 1672 Franco-Dutch War . By mid June , the Dutch Republic tethered at the brink of destruction , which lead Leopold to agree to an alliance with Brandenburg-Prussia and the Republic on June 25 . However , he was also pondering a revolt in Hungary and viewed French conquests in the Rhineland a higher priority than helping the Dutch . His commander , Raimondo Montecuccoli , was ordered to remain on the defensive and avoid a direct conflict",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": ". Chaotic logistics made it impossible to maintain the troops and Brandenburg left the war in June 1673 under the Treaty of Vossem .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": " An anti-French Quadruple Alliance was formed in August , consisting of the Republic , Spain , Emperor Leopold and the Duke of Lorraine , while in May 1674 , the Imperial Diet declared it an Imperial war . The 1678 Treaty of Nijmegen is generally seen as a French victory , although the Alliance succeeded in limiting their gains .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "Almost immediately after the conclusion of peace Louis renewed his aggressions on the German frontier through the Réunions policy . Engaged in a serious struggle with the Ottoman Empire , the emperor was again slow to move , and although he joined the Association League against France in 1682 he was glad to make a truce at Regensburg two years later . In 1686 the League of Augsburg was formed by the emperor and the imperial princes , to preserve the terms of the treaties of Westphalia and of Nijmegen . The whole European position was now bound up with",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "events in England , and the tension lasted until 1688 , when William III of Orange won the English crown through the Glorious Revolution and Louis invaded Germany . In May 1689 , the Grand Alliance was formed , including the emperor , the kings of England , Spain and Denmark , the elector of Brandenburg and others , and a fierce struggle against France was waged throughout almost the whole of western Europe . In general the several campaigns were favourable to the allies , and in September 1697 , England , Spain and the United Provinces made peace",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "with France at the Treaty of Rijswijk .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "Leopold refused to assent to the treaty , as he considered that his allies had somewhat neglected his interests , but in the following month he came to terms and a number of places were transferred from France to Germany . The peace with France lasted for about four years and then Europe was involved in the War of the Spanish Succession . The king of Spain , Charles II , was a Habsburg by descent and was related by marriage to the Austrian branch , while a similar tie bound him to the royal house of France . He",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "was feeble and childless , and attempts had been made by the European powers to arrange for a peaceable division of his extensive kingdom . Leopold refused to consent to any partition , and when in November 1700 Charles died , leaving his crown to Philippe de France , Duke of Anjou , a grandson of Louis XIV , all hopes of a peaceable settlement vanished . Under the guidance of William III a powerful league , a renewed Grand Alliance , was formed against France ; of this the emperor was a prominent member , and in 1703 he",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": "transferred his claim on the Spanish monarchy to his second son , Charles . The early course of the war was not favorable to the Imperialists , but the tide of defeat had been rolled back by the great victory of Blenheim before Leopold died on 5 May 1705 .",
"title": "Wars against France"
},
{
"text": " The emperor himself defined the guidelines of the politics . Johann Weikhard Auersperg was overthrown in 1669 as the leading minister . He was followed by Wenzel Eusebius Lobkowicz . Both had arranged some connections to France without the knowledge of the emperor . In 1674 also Lobkowicz lost his appointment .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "In governing his own lands Leopold found his chief difficulties in Hungary , where unrest was caused partly by his desire to crush Protestantism and partly by the so-called Magnate conspiracy . A rising was suppressed in 1671 and for some years Hungary was treated with great severity . In 1681 , after another rising , some grievances were removed and a less repressive policy was adopted , but this did not deter the Hungarians from revolting again . Espousing the cause of the rebels the sultan sent an enormous army into Austria early in 1683 ; this advanced almost",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "unchecked to Vienna , which was besieged from July to September , while Leopold took refuge at Passau . Realizing the gravity of the situation somewhat tardily , some of the German princes , among them the electors of Saxony and Bavaria , led their contingents to the Imperial Army , which was commanded by the emperors brother-in-law , Charles , duke of Lorraine , but the most redoubtable of Leopolds allies was the king of Poland , John III Sobieski , who was already dreaded by the Turks . Austrian forces occupied the castle of Trebišov in 1675 ,",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "but in 1682 Imre Thököly captured it and then fled from continuous Austrian attacks , so they blew the castle up , since then it is in ruins . They fled as supposedly Hungarian rebel troops under the command of Imre Thököly , cooperating with the Turks , and sacked the city of Bielsko in 1682 . In 1692 , Leopold gave up his rights to the property and he gave his rights to the property by a donation to Theresia Keglević .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": " He also expelled Jewish communities from his realm , for example the Viennese Jewish community , which used to live in an area called Im Werd across the Danube river . After the expulsion of the Jewish population , with popular support , the area was renamed Leopoldstadt as a thanksgiving . But Frederick William I , Elector of Brandenburg , issued an edict in 1677 , in which he announced his special protection for 50 families of these expelled Jews . Success against the Turks and in Hungary .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "On 12 September 1683 , the allied army fell upon the enemy , who was completely routed , and Vienna was saved . The imperial forces , among whom Prince Eugene of Savoy was rapidly becoming prominent , followed up the victory with others , notably one near Mohács in 1687 and another at Zenta in 1697 , and in January 1699 , the sultan signed the treaty of Karlowitz by which he admitted the sovereign rights of the house of Habsburg over nearly the whole of Hungary ( including Serbs in Vojvodina ) . As the Habsburg forces retreated",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": ", they withdrew 37,000 Serb families under Patriarch Arsenije III Čarnojević of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć . In 1690 and 1691 Emperor Leopold I had conceived through a number of edicts ( Privileges ) the autonomy of Serbs in his Empire , which would last and develop for more than two centuries until its abolition in 1912 . Before the conclusion of the war , however , Leopold had taken measures to strengthen his hold upon this country . In 1687 , the Hungarian diet in Pressburg ( now Bratislava ) changed the constitution , the right of the",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "Habsburgs to succeed to the throne without election was admitted and the emperors elder son Joseph I was crowned hereditary king of Hungary .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 had been a political defeat for the Habsburgs . It ended the idea that Europe was a single Christian empire ; governed spiritually by the Pope and temporally by the Holy Roman Emperor . Moreover , the treaty was devoted to parceling out land and influence to the winners , the anti-Habsburg alliance led by France and Sweden . However , the Habsburgs did gain some benefits out of the wars ; the Protestant aristocracy in Habsburg territories had been decimated , and the ties between Vienna and the Habsburg domains in Bohemia and",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": "elsewhere were greatly strengthened . These changes would allow Leopold to initiate necessary political and institutional reforms during his reign to develop somewhat of an absolutist state along French lines . The most important consequences of the war was in retrospect to weaken the Habsburgs as emperors but strengthen them in their own lands . Leopold was the first to realize this altered state of affairs and act in accordance with it .",
"title": "Internal problems"
},
{
"text": " The reign of Leopold saw some important changes made in the constitution of the Empire . In 1663 the imperial diet entered upon the last stage of its existence , and became a body permanently in session at Regensburg . This perpetual diet would become a vital tool for consolidation of Habsburg power under Leopold .",
"title": "Administrative reform"
},
{
"text": "In 1692 , the duke of Hanover was raised to the rank of an elector , becoming the ninth member of the electoral college . In 1700 , Leopold , greatly in need of help for the impending war with France , granted the title of king in Prussia to the elector of Brandenburg . The net result of these and similar changes was to weaken the authority of the emperor over the members of the Empire and to compel him to rely more and more upon his position as ruler of the Austrian archduchies and of Hungary and Bohemia",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": "Leopold was a man of industry and education , and during his later years , he showed some political ability . Regarding himself as an absolute sovereign , he was extremely tenacious of his rights . Greatly influenced by the Jesuits , he was a staunch proponent of the Counter-Reformation . In person , he was short , but strong and healthy . Although he had no inclination for a military life , he loved exercise in the open air , such as hunting and riding ; he also had a taste and talent for music and",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": " composed several Oratorios and Suites of Dances . Perhaps due to inbreeding among his progenitors , the hereditary Habsburg jaw was most prominent in Leopold . Because his jaw was depicted unusually large on a 1670 silver coin , Leopold was nicknamed the Hogmouth ; however , most collectors do not believe the coin was an accurate depiction .",
"title": "Political changes"
},
{
"text": " In 1666 , he married Margaret Theresa of Spain ( 1651–1673 ) , daughter of King Philip IV of Spain , who was both his niece and his first cousin . She was depicted in Diego Velázquez paintings sent from the court of Madrid to Leopold as he waited in Vienna for his fiancée to grow up . Leopold and Margaret Theresa had four children : 1 . Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel ( 1667–1668 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Antonia ( 1669–1692 ) , who married Maximilian II Emanuel , Elector of Bavaria .",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": "3 . Archduke Johann Leopold ( 1670 )",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": " 4 . Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia ( 1672 ) His second wife was Claudia Felicitas of Austria , who died in 1676 at the age of 22 . Neither of their two daughters survived : 1 . Archduchess Anna Maria Josepha ( 1674 ) 2 . Archduchess Maria Josepha Clementina ( 1675–1676 ) His third wife was Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg . They had the following children : 1 . Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1678–1711 ) , who married Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2 . Archduchess Maria Christina ( 1679 )",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": "3 . Archduchess Maria Elisabeth ( 1680–1741 ) , Governor of the Austrian Netherlands",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": " 4 . Archduke Leopold Joseph ( 1682–1684 ) 5 . Archduchess Maria Anna ( 1683–1754 ) married John V of Portugal 6 . Archduchess Maria Theresa ( 1684–1696 ) 7 . Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1685–1740 ) , who married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 8 . Archduchess Maria Josepha ( 1687–1703 ) 9 . Archduchess Maria Magdalena ( 1689–1743 ) 10 . Archduchess Maria Margaret ( 1690–1691 )",
"title": "Private life"
},
{
"text": "Like his father , Leopold was a patron of music and a composer . He continued to enrich the courts musical life by employing and providing support for distinguished composers such as Antonio Bertali , Giovanni Bononcini , Johann Kaspar Kerll , Ferdinand Tobias Richter , Alessandro Poglietti , and Johann Fux . Leopolds surviving works show the influence of Bertali and Viennese composers in general ( in oratorios and other dramatic works ) , and of Johann Heinrich Schmelzer ( in ballets and German comedies ) . His sacred music is perhaps his most successful , particularly Missa angeli",
"title": "Music"
},
{
"text": "custodis , a Requiem Mass for his first wife , and Three Lections , composed for the burial of his second wife . Much of Leopolds music was published with works by his father , and described as works of exceeding high merit .",
"title": "Music"
},
{
"text": "The full titulature of Leopold after he had become emperor went as follows : Leopold I , by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor , forever August , King of Germany , King of Hungary , King of Bohemia , Dalmatia , Croatia , Slavonia , Rama , Serbia , Galicia , Lodomeria , Cumania , Bulgaria , Archduke of Austria , Duke of Burgundy , Brabant , Styria , Carinthia , Carniola , Margrave of Moravia , Duke of Luxemburg , of the Upper and Lower Silesia , of Württemberg and Teck , Prince of Swabia ,",
"title": "Titles"
},
{
"text": "Count of Habsburg , Tyrol , Kyburg and Gorizia , Landgrave of Alsace , Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire , Burgovia , the Enns , the Upper and Lower Lusatia , Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia , of Port Naon and Salines , etc . etc .",
"title": "Titles"
}
] |
/wiki/Lex_Barker#P26#0
|
Who was the spouse of Lex Barker before Oct 1951?
|
Lex Barker Alexander Crichlow Barker Jr . ( May 8 , 1919 – May 11 , 1973 ) was an American actor best known for playing Tarzan of the Apes and leading characters from Karl Mays novels under the stage name Lex Barker . Early life . Alexander Crichlow Barker , Jr . was born on May 8 , 1919 , in Rye , New York . He was the second child of Alexander Crichlow Barker , Sr. , a wealthy Canadian-born building contractor , and his American wife , the former Marion Thornton Beals . His father later worked as a stockbroker . Barker had an elder sister , Frederica Amelia Freddie Barlow ( 1917–1980 ) . Raised in New York City and Port Chester , New York , Lex Barker attended the Fessenden School and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy . He played American football as well as the oboe . He attended Princeton University , but dropped out to join a theatrical stock company , much to the chagrin of his family . Career . Theatre . Barker made it to Broadway once , in a small role in a short run of Shakespeares The Merry Wives of Windsor in 1938 . He also had a small role in Orson Welless disastrous Five Kings , which met with so many problems in Boston and Philadelphia that it never made it into New York City . World War Two . In February 1941 , ten months before the attack on Pearl Harbor , Barker left his fledgling acting career and enlisted in the United States Army . He rose to the rank of major during the war . He was wounded in action ( in the head and leg ) fighting in Sicily . He was awarded the Purple Heart twice . Early film roles . Back in the US , he recuperated at a military hospital in Arkansas , then upon his discharge from service , traveled to Los Angeles . Within a short time , he landed a small role in Doll Face ( 1945 ) , his first film . A string of small roles followed , in films such as Two Guys from Milwaukee ( 1945 ) and Cloak and Dagger ( 1946 ) . RKO . Barker signed a contract at RKO . He had small roles in The Farmers Daughter ( 1947 ) , Crossfire ( 1947 ) , and Under the Tonto Rim ( 1947 ) . Barker went to Paramount for Unconquered ( 1947 ) . Back at RKO he was in Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome ( 1947 ) , Berlin Express ( 1948 ) , Mr . Blandings Builds His Dream House ( 1948 ) , The Velvet Touch ( 1948 ) , and Return of the Bad Men ( 1948 ) , playing Emmett Dalton . Tarzan . In Tarzans Magic Fountain ( 1949 ) , Barker became the tenth official Tarzan of the movies . His blond , handsome , and intelligent appearance , as well as his athletic , now 64 frame , helped make him popular in the role Johnny Weissmuller had made his own for 16 years . His Jane was Brenda Joyce who had been in Weissmullers last three films . Barkers second Tarzan was Tarzan and the Slave Girl ( 1950 ) , where Jane was played by Vanessa Brown . In Tarzans Peril ( 1951 ) , Barkers Jane was Virginia Huston , with African location footage . Dorothy Hart was Jane in Tarzans Savage Fury ( 1952 ) , directed by Cy Endfield . Barker got the chance to play a non-Tarzan role in Battles of Chief Pontiac ( 1952 ) , a Western . He returned to the role one last time in Tarzan and the She-Devil ( 1953 ) . Westerns . Barker supported Randolph Scott in Thunder Over the Plains ( 1953 ) . At Universal he starred in the Western The Yellow Mountain ( 1954 ) and The Man from Bitter Ridge ( 1955 ) . He went to Columbia to make Duel on the Mississippi ( 1955 ) . Barker had a rare non-Western role in The Price of Fear ( 1956 ) , a film noir with Merle Oberon . He was in the war movie Away All Boats ( 1956 ) and the thriller The Girl in the Kremlin ( 1957 ) . Barker made two films for Howard W . Koch : War Drums ( 1957 ) and Jungle Heat ( 1957 ) . He went to 20th Century Fox for The Deerslayer ( 1957 ) , then did The Girl in Black Stockings ( 1957 ) . Italy . In 1957 , as he found it harder to find work in American films , Barker moved to Europe ( he spoke French , Italian , Spanish , and some German ) , where he found popularity and starred in over 40 European films , including two movies based on the novels by Italian author Emilio Salgari ( 1862–1911 ) . He started his European career with a British thriller The Strange Awakening ( 1958 ) . He went to Italy to star in Captain Falcon ( 1959 ) , Son of the Red Corsair ( 1959 ) , The Pirate and the Slave Girl ( 1959 ) , and Terror of the Red Mask ( 1960 ) . Barker had a short but compelling role as Anita Ekbergs fiancé in Federico Fellinis La Dolce Vita ( 1960 ) . He went back to swashbucklers : Knight of 100 Faces ( 1960 ) , Pirates of the Coast ( 1960 ) , Robin Hood and the Pirates ( 1960 ) , and The Secret of the Black Falcon ( 1961 ) . Germany . In Germany , he had his greatest success . There he starred in movies based on the Doctor Mabuse stories ( formerly filmed by Fritz Lang ) , in the movies The Return of Doctor Mabuse ( 1961 ) . He was in Doctor Sibelius ( 1962 ) . Barker then played Old Shatterhand in an adaptation of the novel by German author Karl May ( 1842–1912 ) , Treasure of the Silver Lake ( 1962 ) . It was a huge hit , and 11 movies adapting stories by Karl May followed until 1968 . Barker did the comedy Breakfast in Bed ( 1962 ) , then the adventure movie Storm Over Ceylon ( 1963 ) . He returned to Italy for The Executioner of Venice ( 1963 ) and ( 1963 ) . Barker reprised his role as Old Shatterhand in Apache Gold ( 1964 ) , Old Shatterhand ( 1964 ) and Last of the Renegades ( 1965 ) . He went to South Africa for Harry Alan Towers German-British international co-production Victim Five ( 1964 ) , then returned to Germany for other adaptations of May books : The Treasure of the Aztecs ( 1965 ) , The Pyramid of the Sun God ( 1965 ) . 24 Hours to Kill ( 1965 ) was a British movie . The Hell of Manitoba ( 1965 ) and The Desperado Trail ( 1966 ) were Westerns . In 1966 , Barker was awarded the Bambi Award as Best Foreign Actor in Germany , where he was a very popular star . He even recorded two songs in German : Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir ( Ill be on the way to you tomorrow , composed by Martin Böttcher , the composer of some of the soundtracks of the Karl May movies ) and Mädchen in Samt und Seide ( Girl in Silk and Velvet , composed by Werner Scharfenberger ) . Later films included Killers Carnival ( 1966 ) , and Winnetou and the Crossbreed ( 1967 ) . In the same year , he starred in a Eurospy film Spy Today , Die Tomorrow , a horror film The Blood Demon , and appeared in the anthology film Woman Times Seven ( 1967 ) . He returned to the United States occasionally and made a handful of guest appearances on American television episodes , but Europe , and especially Germany , was his professional home for the remainder of his life . Personal life . Barker was married five times : - Constance Rhodes Thurlow ( 1918–1975 ) ( married June 27 , 1942–divorced 1950 ) , a daughter of Leon Rhodes Thurlow , a vice president of the Decorated Metal Manufacturing Company . They had one daughter , Lynn Thurlow Barker ( April 11 , 1943 – 2010 ) and a son , Alexander Zan Crichlow Barker III ( March 25 , 1947 – October 2 , 2012 ) . In 1952 Constance Barker married her second husband , John Lawrence Adams , a descendant of John Quincy Adams . - Actress Arlene Dahl ( married 1951–divorced 1952 ) - Actress Lana Turner ( married September 8 , 1953–divorced July 22 , 1957 ) . In Detour : A Hollywood Tragedy - My Life with Lana Turner , My Mother ( 1988 ) , written by Turners daughter Cheryl Crane , Crane claimed Barker repeatedly molested and raped her from the ages of 10 to 13 , and that it was after she informed her mother of this that they divorced . According to Crane , Turner ordered him out of the house at gunpoint the morning after she learned of this . He denied the accusation . - Irene Labhardt ( married 1957–1962 ; her death from leukemia ) , a Swiss actress . They had one son , Christopher ( born 1960 ) , who became an actor and singer . - Tita Cervera ( married 1965–divorced 1972 , although divorce not deemed legally valid ) , a Spanish beauty pageant winner . Voted Miss Spain in 1962 , she later became the wife of movie producer Espartaco Santoni in 1975 ( the marriage turned out to be bigamous ) and later still , in 1985 , the fifth and final wife of billionaire art collector Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza . Death . Barker died on May 11 , 1973 , of a heart attack while walking down a street in New York City on his way to meet his fiancée , actress Karen Kondazian . The funeral was held in New York . He was cremated and the ashes were taken by his estranged wife Tita to Spain . Discography . - Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir / Mädchen in Samt und Seide 1965 , Single , Decca D 19 725 - Winnetou du warst mein Freund 1996 , CD , Bear Family Records
|
[
"Actress Arlene Dahl"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alexander Crichlow Barker Jr . ( May 8 , 1919 – May 11 , 1973 ) was an American actor best known for playing Tarzan of the Apes and leading characters from Karl Mays novels under the stage name Lex Barker .",
"title": "Lex Barker"
},
{
"text": " Alexander Crichlow Barker , Jr . was born on May 8 , 1919 , in Rye , New York . He was the second child of Alexander Crichlow Barker , Sr. , a wealthy Canadian-born building contractor , and his American wife , the former Marion Thornton Beals .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "His father later worked as a stockbroker . Barker had an elder sister , Frederica Amelia Freddie Barlow ( 1917–1980 ) . Raised in New York City and Port Chester , New York , Lex Barker attended the Fessenden School and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy . He played American football as well as the oboe . He attended Princeton University , but dropped out to join a theatrical stock company , much to the chagrin of his family .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Barker made it to Broadway once , in a small role in a short run of Shakespeares The Merry Wives of Windsor in 1938 . He also had a small role in Orson Welless disastrous Five Kings , which met with so many problems in Boston and Philadelphia that it never made it into New York City .",
"title": "Theatre"
},
{
"text": " In February 1941 , ten months before the attack on Pearl Harbor , Barker left his fledgling acting career and enlisted in the United States Army . He rose to the rank of major during the war . He was wounded in action ( in the head and leg ) fighting in Sicily . He was awarded the Purple Heart twice .",
"title": "World War Two"
},
{
"text": " Back in the US , he recuperated at a military hospital in Arkansas , then upon his discharge from service , traveled to Los Angeles . Within a short time , he landed a small role in Doll Face ( 1945 ) , his first film . A string of small roles followed , in films such as Two Guys from Milwaukee ( 1945 ) and Cloak and Dagger ( 1946 ) .",
"title": "Early film roles"
},
{
"text": " Barker signed a contract at RKO . He had small roles in The Farmers Daughter ( 1947 ) , Crossfire ( 1947 ) , and Under the Tonto Rim ( 1947 ) . Barker went to Paramount for Unconquered ( 1947 ) . Back at RKO he was in Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome ( 1947 ) , Berlin Express ( 1948 ) , Mr . Blandings Builds His Dream House ( 1948 ) , The Velvet Touch ( 1948 ) , and Return of the Bad Men ( 1948 ) , playing Emmett Dalton .",
"title": "RKO"
},
{
"text": " In Tarzans Magic Fountain ( 1949 ) , Barker became the tenth official Tarzan of the movies . His blond , handsome , and intelligent appearance , as well as his athletic , now 64 frame , helped make him popular in the role Johnny Weissmuller had made his own for 16 years . His Jane was Brenda Joyce who had been in Weissmullers last three films .",
"title": "Tarzan"
},
{
"text": "Barkers second Tarzan was Tarzan and the Slave Girl ( 1950 ) , where Jane was played by Vanessa Brown . In Tarzans Peril ( 1951 ) , Barkers Jane was Virginia Huston , with African location footage . Dorothy Hart was Jane in Tarzans Savage Fury ( 1952 ) , directed by Cy Endfield .",
"title": "Tarzan"
},
{
"text": " Barker got the chance to play a non-Tarzan role in Battles of Chief Pontiac ( 1952 ) , a Western . He returned to the role one last time in Tarzan and the She-Devil ( 1953 ) .",
"title": "Tarzan"
},
{
"text": " Barker supported Randolph Scott in Thunder Over the Plains ( 1953 ) . At Universal he starred in the Western The Yellow Mountain ( 1954 ) and The Man from Bitter Ridge ( 1955 ) . He went to Columbia to make Duel on the Mississippi ( 1955 ) . Barker had a rare non-Western role in The Price of Fear ( 1956 ) , a film noir with Merle Oberon . He was in the war movie Away All Boats ( 1956 ) and the thriller The Girl in the Kremlin ( 1957 ) .",
"title": "Westerns"
},
{
"text": "Barker made two films for Howard W . Koch : War Drums ( 1957 ) and Jungle Heat ( 1957 ) . He went to 20th Century Fox for The Deerslayer ( 1957 ) , then did The Girl in Black Stockings ( 1957 ) .",
"title": "Westerns"
},
{
"text": " In 1957 , as he found it harder to find work in American films , Barker moved to Europe ( he spoke French , Italian , Spanish , and some German ) , where he found popularity and starred in over 40 European films , including two movies based on the novels by Italian author Emilio Salgari ( 1862–1911 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "He started his European career with a British thriller The Strange Awakening ( 1958 ) . He went to Italy to star in Captain Falcon ( 1959 ) , Son of the Red Corsair ( 1959 ) , The Pirate and the Slave Girl ( 1959 ) , and Terror of the Red Mask ( 1960 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " Barker had a short but compelling role as Anita Ekbergs fiancé in Federico Fellinis La Dolce Vita ( 1960 ) . He went back to swashbucklers : Knight of 100 Faces ( 1960 ) , Pirates of the Coast ( 1960 ) , Robin Hood and the Pirates ( 1960 ) , and The Secret of the Black Falcon ( 1961 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " In Germany , he had his greatest success . There he starred in movies based on the Doctor Mabuse stories ( formerly filmed by Fritz Lang ) , in the movies The Return of Doctor Mabuse ( 1961 ) . He was in Doctor Sibelius ( 1962 ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "Barker then played Old Shatterhand in an adaptation of the novel by German author Karl May ( 1842–1912 ) , Treasure of the Silver Lake ( 1962 ) . It was a huge hit , and 11 movies adapting stories by Karl May followed until 1968 . Barker did the comedy Breakfast in Bed ( 1962 ) , then the adventure movie Storm Over Ceylon ( 1963 ) . He returned to Italy for The Executioner of Venice ( 1963 ) and ( 1963 ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "Barker reprised his role as Old Shatterhand in Apache Gold ( 1964 ) , Old Shatterhand ( 1964 ) and Last of the Renegades ( 1965 ) . He went to South Africa for Harry Alan Towers German-British international co-production Victim Five ( 1964 ) , then returned to Germany for other adaptations of May books : The Treasure of the Aztecs ( 1965 ) , The Pyramid of the Sun God ( 1965 ) . 24 Hours to Kill ( 1965 ) was a British movie . The Hell of Manitoba ( 1965 ) and The Desperado Trail (",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "1966 ) were Westerns .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": " In 1966 , Barker was awarded the Bambi Award as Best Foreign Actor in Germany , where he was a very popular star . He even recorded two songs in German : Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir ( Ill be on the way to you tomorrow , composed by Martin Böttcher , the composer of some of the soundtracks of the Karl May movies ) and Mädchen in Samt und Seide ( Girl in Silk and Velvet , composed by Werner Scharfenberger ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "Later films included Killers Carnival ( 1966 ) , and Winnetou and the Crossbreed ( 1967 ) . In the same year , he starred in a Eurospy film Spy Today , Die Tomorrow , a horror film The Blood Demon , and appeared in the anthology film Woman Times Seven ( 1967 ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": " He returned to the United States occasionally and made a handful of guest appearances on American television episodes , but Europe , and especially Germany , was his professional home for the remainder of his life .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": " Barker was married five times : - Constance Rhodes Thurlow ( 1918–1975 ) ( married June 27 , 1942–divorced 1950 ) , a daughter of Leon Rhodes Thurlow , a vice president of the Decorated Metal Manufacturing Company . They had one daughter , Lynn Thurlow Barker ( April 11 , 1943 – 2010 ) and a son , Alexander Zan Crichlow Barker III ( March 25 , 1947 – October 2 , 2012 ) . In 1952 Constance Barker married her second husband , John Lawrence Adams , a descendant of John Quincy Adams .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "- Actress Arlene Dahl ( married 1951–divorced 1952 )",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Actress Lana Turner ( married September 8 , 1953–divorced July 22 , 1957 ) . In Detour : A Hollywood Tragedy - My Life with Lana Turner , My Mother ( 1988 ) , written by Turners daughter Cheryl Crane , Crane claimed Barker repeatedly molested and raped her from the ages of 10 to 13 , and that it was after she informed her mother of this that they divorced . According to Crane , Turner ordered him out of the house at gunpoint the morning after she learned of this . He denied the accusation .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "- Irene Labhardt ( married 1957–1962 ; her death from leukemia ) , a Swiss actress . They had one son , Christopher ( born 1960 ) , who became an actor and singer .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Tita Cervera ( married 1965–divorced 1972 , although divorce not deemed legally valid ) , a Spanish beauty pageant winner . Voted Miss Spain in 1962 , she later became the wife of movie producer Espartaco Santoni in 1975 ( the marriage turned out to be bigamous ) and later still , in 1985 , the fifth and final wife of billionaire art collector Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Barker died on May 11 , 1973 , of a heart attack while walking down a street in New York City on his way to meet his fiancée , actress Karen Kondazian . The funeral was held in New York . He was cremated and the ashes were taken by his estranged wife Tita to Spain .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " - Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir / Mädchen in Samt und Seide 1965 , Single , Decca D 19 725 - Winnetou du warst mein Freund 1996 , CD , Bear Family Records",
"title": "Discography"
}
] |
/wiki/Lex_Barker#P26#1
|
Who was the spouse of Lex Barker between Aug 1953 and May 1955?
|
Lex Barker Alexander Crichlow Barker Jr . ( May 8 , 1919 – May 11 , 1973 ) was an American actor best known for playing Tarzan of the Apes and leading characters from Karl Mays novels under the stage name Lex Barker . Early life . Alexander Crichlow Barker , Jr . was born on May 8 , 1919 , in Rye , New York . He was the second child of Alexander Crichlow Barker , Sr. , a wealthy Canadian-born building contractor , and his American wife , the former Marion Thornton Beals . His father later worked as a stockbroker . Barker had an elder sister , Frederica Amelia Freddie Barlow ( 1917–1980 ) . Raised in New York City and Port Chester , New York , Lex Barker attended the Fessenden School and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy . He played American football as well as the oboe . He attended Princeton University , but dropped out to join a theatrical stock company , much to the chagrin of his family . Career . Theatre . Barker made it to Broadway once , in a small role in a short run of Shakespeares The Merry Wives of Windsor in 1938 . He also had a small role in Orson Welless disastrous Five Kings , which met with so many problems in Boston and Philadelphia that it never made it into New York City . World War Two . In February 1941 , ten months before the attack on Pearl Harbor , Barker left his fledgling acting career and enlisted in the United States Army . He rose to the rank of major during the war . He was wounded in action ( in the head and leg ) fighting in Sicily . He was awarded the Purple Heart twice . Early film roles . Back in the US , he recuperated at a military hospital in Arkansas , then upon his discharge from service , traveled to Los Angeles . Within a short time , he landed a small role in Doll Face ( 1945 ) , his first film . A string of small roles followed , in films such as Two Guys from Milwaukee ( 1945 ) and Cloak and Dagger ( 1946 ) . RKO . Barker signed a contract at RKO . He had small roles in The Farmers Daughter ( 1947 ) , Crossfire ( 1947 ) , and Under the Tonto Rim ( 1947 ) . Barker went to Paramount for Unconquered ( 1947 ) . Back at RKO he was in Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome ( 1947 ) , Berlin Express ( 1948 ) , Mr . Blandings Builds His Dream House ( 1948 ) , The Velvet Touch ( 1948 ) , and Return of the Bad Men ( 1948 ) , playing Emmett Dalton . Tarzan . In Tarzans Magic Fountain ( 1949 ) , Barker became the tenth official Tarzan of the movies . His blond , handsome , and intelligent appearance , as well as his athletic , now 64 frame , helped make him popular in the role Johnny Weissmuller had made his own for 16 years . His Jane was Brenda Joyce who had been in Weissmullers last three films . Barkers second Tarzan was Tarzan and the Slave Girl ( 1950 ) , where Jane was played by Vanessa Brown . In Tarzans Peril ( 1951 ) , Barkers Jane was Virginia Huston , with African location footage . Dorothy Hart was Jane in Tarzans Savage Fury ( 1952 ) , directed by Cy Endfield . Barker got the chance to play a non-Tarzan role in Battles of Chief Pontiac ( 1952 ) , a Western . He returned to the role one last time in Tarzan and the She-Devil ( 1953 ) . Westerns . Barker supported Randolph Scott in Thunder Over the Plains ( 1953 ) . At Universal he starred in the Western The Yellow Mountain ( 1954 ) and The Man from Bitter Ridge ( 1955 ) . He went to Columbia to make Duel on the Mississippi ( 1955 ) . Barker had a rare non-Western role in The Price of Fear ( 1956 ) , a film noir with Merle Oberon . He was in the war movie Away All Boats ( 1956 ) and the thriller The Girl in the Kremlin ( 1957 ) . Barker made two films for Howard W . Koch : War Drums ( 1957 ) and Jungle Heat ( 1957 ) . He went to 20th Century Fox for The Deerslayer ( 1957 ) , then did The Girl in Black Stockings ( 1957 ) . Italy . In 1957 , as he found it harder to find work in American films , Barker moved to Europe ( he spoke French , Italian , Spanish , and some German ) , where he found popularity and starred in over 40 European films , including two movies based on the novels by Italian author Emilio Salgari ( 1862–1911 ) . He started his European career with a British thriller The Strange Awakening ( 1958 ) . He went to Italy to star in Captain Falcon ( 1959 ) , Son of the Red Corsair ( 1959 ) , The Pirate and the Slave Girl ( 1959 ) , and Terror of the Red Mask ( 1960 ) . Barker had a short but compelling role as Anita Ekbergs fiancé in Federico Fellinis La Dolce Vita ( 1960 ) . He went back to swashbucklers : Knight of 100 Faces ( 1960 ) , Pirates of the Coast ( 1960 ) , Robin Hood and the Pirates ( 1960 ) , and The Secret of the Black Falcon ( 1961 ) . Germany . In Germany , he had his greatest success . There he starred in movies based on the Doctor Mabuse stories ( formerly filmed by Fritz Lang ) , in the movies The Return of Doctor Mabuse ( 1961 ) . He was in Doctor Sibelius ( 1962 ) . Barker then played Old Shatterhand in an adaptation of the novel by German author Karl May ( 1842–1912 ) , Treasure of the Silver Lake ( 1962 ) . It was a huge hit , and 11 movies adapting stories by Karl May followed until 1968 . Barker did the comedy Breakfast in Bed ( 1962 ) , then the adventure movie Storm Over Ceylon ( 1963 ) . He returned to Italy for The Executioner of Venice ( 1963 ) and ( 1963 ) . Barker reprised his role as Old Shatterhand in Apache Gold ( 1964 ) , Old Shatterhand ( 1964 ) and Last of the Renegades ( 1965 ) . He went to South Africa for Harry Alan Towers German-British international co-production Victim Five ( 1964 ) , then returned to Germany for other adaptations of May books : The Treasure of the Aztecs ( 1965 ) , The Pyramid of the Sun God ( 1965 ) . 24 Hours to Kill ( 1965 ) was a British movie . The Hell of Manitoba ( 1965 ) and The Desperado Trail ( 1966 ) were Westerns . In 1966 , Barker was awarded the Bambi Award as Best Foreign Actor in Germany , where he was a very popular star . He even recorded two songs in German : Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir ( Ill be on the way to you tomorrow , composed by Martin Böttcher , the composer of some of the soundtracks of the Karl May movies ) and Mädchen in Samt und Seide ( Girl in Silk and Velvet , composed by Werner Scharfenberger ) . Later films included Killers Carnival ( 1966 ) , and Winnetou and the Crossbreed ( 1967 ) . In the same year , he starred in a Eurospy film Spy Today , Die Tomorrow , a horror film The Blood Demon , and appeared in the anthology film Woman Times Seven ( 1967 ) . He returned to the United States occasionally and made a handful of guest appearances on American television episodes , but Europe , and especially Germany , was his professional home for the remainder of his life . Personal life . Barker was married five times : - Constance Rhodes Thurlow ( 1918–1975 ) ( married June 27 , 1942–divorced 1950 ) , a daughter of Leon Rhodes Thurlow , a vice president of the Decorated Metal Manufacturing Company . They had one daughter , Lynn Thurlow Barker ( April 11 , 1943 – 2010 ) and a son , Alexander Zan Crichlow Barker III ( March 25 , 1947 – October 2 , 2012 ) . In 1952 Constance Barker married her second husband , John Lawrence Adams , a descendant of John Quincy Adams . - Actress Arlene Dahl ( married 1951–divorced 1952 ) - Actress Lana Turner ( married September 8 , 1953–divorced July 22 , 1957 ) . In Detour : A Hollywood Tragedy - My Life with Lana Turner , My Mother ( 1988 ) , written by Turners daughter Cheryl Crane , Crane claimed Barker repeatedly molested and raped her from the ages of 10 to 13 , and that it was after she informed her mother of this that they divorced . According to Crane , Turner ordered him out of the house at gunpoint the morning after she learned of this . He denied the accusation . - Irene Labhardt ( married 1957–1962 ; her death from leukemia ) , a Swiss actress . They had one son , Christopher ( born 1960 ) , who became an actor and singer . - Tita Cervera ( married 1965–divorced 1972 , although divorce not deemed legally valid ) , a Spanish beauty pageant winner . Voted Miss Spain in 1962 , she later became the wife of movie producer Espartaco Santoni in 1975 ( the marriage turned out to be bigamous ) and later still , in 1985 , the fifth and final wife of billionaire art collector Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza . Death . Barker died on May 11 , 1973 , of a heart attack while walking down a street in New York City on his way to meet his fiancée , actress Karen Kondazian . The funeral was held in New York . He was cremated and the ashes were taken by his estranged wife Tita to Spain . Discography . - Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir / Mädchen in Samt und Seide 1965 , Single , Decca D 19 725 - Winnetou du warst mein Freund 1996 , CD , Bear Family Records
|
[
"Actress Lana Turner"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alexander Crichlow Barker Jr . ( May 8 , 1919 – May 11 , 1973 ) was an American actor best known for playing Tarzan of the Apes and leading characters from Karl Mays novels under the stage name Lex Barker .",
"title": "Lex Barker"
},
{
"text": " Alexander Crichlow Barker , Jr . was born on May 8 , 1919 , in Rye , New York . He was the second child of Alexander Crichlow Barker , Sr. , a wealthy Canadian-born building contractor , and his American wife , the former Marion Thornton Beals .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "His father later worked as a stockbroker . Barker had an elder sister , Frederica Amelia Freddie Barlow ( 1917–1980 ) . Raised in New York City and Port Chester , New York , Lex Barker attended the Fessenden School and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy . He played American football as well as the oboe . He attended Princeton University , but dropped out to join a theatrical stock company , much to the chagrin of his family .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Barker made it to Broadway once , in a small role in a short run of Shakespeares The Merry Wives of Windsor in 1938 . He also had a small role in Orson Welless disastrous Five Kings , which met with so many problems in Boston and Philadelphia that it never made it into New York City .",
"title": "Theatre"
},
{
"text": " In February 1941 , ten months before the attack on Pearl Harbor , Barker left his fledgling acting career and enlisted in the United States Army . He rose to the rank of major during the war . He was wounded in action ( in the head and leg ) fighting in Sicily . He was awarded the Purple Heart twice .",
"title": "World War Two"
},
{
"text": " Back in the US , he recuperated at a military hospital in Arkansas , then upon his discharge from service , traveled to Los Angeles . Within a short time , he landed a small role in Doll Face ( 1945 ) , his first film . A string of small roles followed , in films such as Two Guys from Milwaukee ( 1945 ) and Cloak and Dagger ( 1946 ) .",
"title": "Early film roles"
},
{
"text": " Barker signed a contract at RKO . He had small roles in The Farmers Daughter ( 1947 ) , Crossfire ( 1947 ) , and Under the Tonto Rim ( 1947 ) . Barker went to Paramount for Unconquered ( 1947 ) . Back at RKO he was in Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome ( 1947 ) , Berlin Express ( 1948 ) , Mr . Blandings Builds His Dream House ( 1948 ) , The Velvet Touch ( 1948 ) , and Return of the Bad Men ( 1948 ) , playing Emmett Dalton .",
"title": "RKO"
},
{
"text": " In Tarzans Magic Fountain ( 1949 ) , Barker became the tenth official Tarzan of the movies . His blond , handsome , and intelligent appearance , as well as his athletic , now 64 frame , helped make him popular in the role Johnny Weissmuller had made his own for 16 years . His Jane was Brenda Joyce who had been in Weissmullers last three films .",
"title": "Tarzan"
},
{
"text": "Barkers second Tarzan was Tarzan and the Slave Girl ( 1950 ) , where Jane was played by Vanessa Brown . In Tarzans Peril ( 1951 ) , Barkers Jane was Virginia Huston , with African location footage . Dorothy Hart was Jane in Tarzans Savage Fury ( 1952 ) , directed by Cy Endfield .",
"title": "Tarzan"
},
{
"text": " Barker got the chance to play a non-Tarzan role in Battles of Chief Pontiac ( 1952 ) , a Western . He returned to the role one last time in Tarzan and the She-Devil ( 1953 ) .",
"title": "Tarzan"
},
{
"text": " Barker supported Randolph Scott in Thunder Over the Plains ( 1953 ) . At Universal he starred in the Western The Yellow Mountain ( 1954 ) and The Man from Bitter Ridge ( 1955 ) . He went to Columbia to make Duel on the Mississippi ( 1955 ) . Barker had a rare non-Western role in The Price of Fear ( 1956 ) , a film noir with Merle Oberon . He was in the war movie Away All Boats ( 1956 ) and the thriller The Girl in the Kremlin ( 1957 ) .",
"title": "Westerns"
},
{
"text": "Barker made two films for Howard W . Koch : War Drums ( 1957 ) and Jungle Heat ( 1957 ) . He went to 20th Century Fox for The Deerslayer ( 1957 ) , then did The Girl in Black Stockings ( 1957 ) .",
"title": "Westerns"
},
{
"text": " In 1957 , as he found it harder to find work in American films , Barker moved to Europe ( he spoke French , Italian , Spanish , and some German ) , where he found popularity and starred in over 40 European films , including two movies based on the novels by Italian author Emilio Salgari ( 1862–1911 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "He started his European career with a British thriller The Strange Awakening ( 1958 ) . He went to Italy to star in Captain Falcon ( 1959 ) , Son of the Red Corsair ( 1959 ) , The Pirate and the Slave Girl ( 1959 ) , and Terror of the Red Mask ( 1960 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " Barker had a short but compelling role as Anita Ekbergs fiancé in Federico Fellinis La Dolce Vita ( 1960 ) . He went back to swashbucklers : Knight of 100 Faces ( 1960 ) , Pirates of the Coast ( 1960 ) , Robin Hood and the Pirates ( 1960 ) , and The Secret of the Black Falcon ( 1961 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " In Germany , he had his greatest success . There he starred in movies based on the Doctor Mabuse stories ( formerly filmed by Fritz Lang ) , in the movies The Return of Doctor Mabuse ( 1961 ) . He was in Doctor Sibelius ( 1962 ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "Barker then played Old Shatterhand in an adaptation of the novel by German author Karl May ( 1842–1912 ) , Treasure of the Silver Lake ( 1962 ) . It was a huge hit , and 11 movies adapting stories by Karl May followed until 1968 . Barker did the comedy Breakfast in Bed ( 1962 ) , then the adventure movie Storm Over Ceylon ( 1963 ) . He returned to Italy for The Executioner of Venice ( 1963 ) and ( 1963 ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "Barker reprised his role as Old Shatterhand in Apache Gold ( 1964 ) , Old Shatterhand ( 1964 ) and Last of the Renegades ( 1965 ) . He went to South Africa for Harry Alan Towers German-British international co-production Victim Five ( 1964 ) , then returned to Germany for other adaptations of May books : The Treasure of the Aztecs ( 1965 ) , The Pyramid of the Sun God ( 1965 ) . 24 Hours to Kill ( 1965 ) was a British movie . The Hell of Manitoba ( 1965 ) and The Desperado Trail (",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "1966 ) were Westerns .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": " In 1966 , Barker was awarded the Bambi Award as Best Foreign Actor in Germany , where he was a very popular star . He even recorded two songs in German : Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir ( Ill be on the way to you tomorrow , composed by Martin Böttcher , the composer of some of the soundtracks of the Karl May movies ) and Mädchen in Samt und Seide ( Girl in Silk and Velvet , composed by Werner Scharfenberger ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "Later films included Killers Carnival ( 1966 ) , and Winnetou and the Crossbreed ( 1967 ) . In the same year , he starred in a Eurospy film Spy Today , Die Tomorrow , a horror film The Blood Demon , and appeared in the anthology film Woman Times Seven ( 1967 ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": " He returned to the United States occasionally and made a handful of guest appearances on American television episodes , but Europe , and especially Germany , was his professional home for the remainder of his life .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": " Barker was married five times : - Constance Rhodes Thurlow ( 1918–1975 ) ( married June 27 , 1942–divorced 1950 ) , a daughter of Leon Rhodes Thurlow , a vice president of the Decorated Metal Manufacturing Company . They had one daughter , Lynn Thurlow Barker ( April 11 , 1943 – 2010 ) and a son , Alexander Zan Crichlow Barker III ( March 25 , 1947 – October 2 , 2012 ) . In 1952 Constance Barker married her second husband , John Lawrence Adams , a descendant of John Quincy Adams .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "- Actress Arlene Dahl ( married 1951–divorced 1952 )",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Actress Lana Turner ( married September 8 , 1953–divorced July 22 , 1957 ) . In Detour : A Hollywood Tragedy - My Life with Lana Turner , My Mother ( 1988 ) , written by Turners daughter Cheryl Crane , Crane claimed Barker repeatedly molested and raped her from the ages of 10 to 13 , and that it was after she informed her mother of this that they divorced . According to Crane , Turner ordered him out of the house at gunpoint the morning after she learned of this . He denied the accusation .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "- Irene Labhardt ( married 1957–1962 ; her death from leukemia ) , a Swiss actress . They had one son , Christopher ( born 1960 ) , who became an actor and singer .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Tita Cervera ( married 1965–divorced 1972 , although divorce not deemed legally valid ) , a Spanish beauty pageant winner . Voted Miss Spain in 1962 , she later became the wife of movie producer Espartaco Santoni in 1975 ( the marriage turned out to be bigamous ) and later still , in 1985 , the fifth and final wife of billionaire art collector Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Barker died on May 11 , 1973 , of a heart attack while walking down a street in New York City on his way to meet his fiancée , actress Karen Kondazian . The funeral was held in New York . He was cremated and the ashes were taken by his estranged wife Tita to Spain .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " - Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir / Mädchen in Samt und Seide 1965 , Single , Decca D 19 725 - Winnetou du warst mein Freund 1996 , CD , Bear Family Records",
"title": "Discography"
}
] |
/wiki/Lex_Barker#P26#2
|
Who was the spouse of Lex Barker between Aug 1969 and Oct 1971?
|
Lex Barker Alexander Crichlow Barker Jr . ( May 8 , 1919 – May 11 , 1973 ) was an American actor best known for playing Tarzan of the Apes and leading characters from Karl Mays novels under the stage name Lex Barker . Early life . Alexander Crichlow Barker , Jr . was born on May 8 , 1919 , in Rye , New York . He was the second child of Alexander Crichlow Barker , Sr. , a wealthy Canadian-born building contractor , and his American wife , the former Marion Thornton Beals . His father later worked as a stockbroker . Barker had an elder sister , Frederica Amelia Freddie Barlow ( 1917–1980 ) . Raised in New York City and Port Chester , New York , Lex Barker attended the Fessenden School and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy . He played American football as well as the oboe . He attended Princeton University , but dropped out to join a theatrical stock company , much to the chagrin of his family . Career . Theatre . Barker made it to Broadway once , in a small role in a short run of Shakespeares The Merry Wives of Windsor in 1938 . He also had a small role in Orson Welless disastrous Five Kings , which met with so many problems in Boston and Philadelphia that it never made it into New York City . World War Two . In February 1941 , ten months before the attack on Pearl Harbor , Barker left his fledgling acting career and enlisted in the United States Army . He rose to the rank of major during the war . He was wounded in action ( in the head and leg ) fighting in Sicily . He was awarded the Purple Heart twice . Early film roles . Back in the US , he recuperated at a military hospital in Arkansas , then upon his discharge from service , traveled to Los Angeles . Within a short time , he landed a small role in Doll Face ( 1945 ) , his first film . A string of small roles followed , in films such as Two Guys from Milwaukee ( 1945 ) and Cloak and Dagger ( 1946 ) . RKO . Barker signed a contract at RKO . He had small roles in The Farmers Daughter ( 1947 ) , Crossfire ( 1947 ) , and Under the Tonto Rim ( 1947 ) . Barker went to Paramount for Unconquered ( 1947 ) . Back at RKO he was in Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome ( 1947 ) , Berlin Express ( 1948 ) , Mr . Blandings Builds His Dream House ( 1948 ) , The Velvet Touch ( 1948 ) , and Return of the Bad Men ( 1948 ) , playing Emmett Dalton . Tarzan . In Tarzans Magic Fountain ( 1949 ) , Barker became the tenth official Tarzan of the movies . His blond , handsome , and intelligent appearance , as well as his athletic , now 64 frame , helped make him popular in the role Johnny Weissmuller had made his own for 16 years . His Jane was Brenda Joyce who had been in Weissmullers last three films . Barkers second Tarzan was Tarzan and the Slave Girl ( 1950 ) , where Jane was played by Vanessa Brown . In Tarzans Peril ( 1951 ) , Barkers Jane was Virginia Huston , with African location footage . Dorothy Hart was Jane in Tarzans Savage Fury ( 1952 ) , directed by Cy Endfield . Barker got the chance to play a non-Tarzan role in Battles of Chief Pontiac ( 1952 ) , a Western . He returned to the role one last time in Tarzan and the She-Devil ( 1953 ) . Westerns . Barker supported Randolph Scott in Thunder Over the Plains ( 1953 ) . At Universal he starred in the Western The Yellow Mountain ( 1954 ) and The Man from Bitter Ridge ( 1955 ) . He went to Columbia to make Duel on the Mississippi ( 1955 ) . Barker had a rare non-Western role in The Price of Fear ( 1956 ) , a film noir with Merle Oberon . He was in the war movie Away All Boats ( 1956 ) and the thriller The Girl in the Kremlin ( 1957 ) . Barker made two films for Howard W . Koch : War Drums ( 1957 ) and Jungle Heat ( 1957 ) . He went to 20th Century Fox for The Deerslayer ( 1957 ) , then did The Girl in Black Stockings ( 1957 ) . Italy . In 1957 , as he found it harder to find work in American films , Barker moved to Europe ( he spoke French , Italian , Spanish , and some German ) , where he found popularity and starred in over 40 European films , including two movies based on the novels by Italian author Emilio Salgari ( 1862–1911 ) . He started his European career with a British thriller The Strange Awakening ( 1958 ) . He went to Italy to star in Captain Falcon ( 1959 ) , Son of the Red Corsair ( 1959 ) , The Pirate and the Slave Girl ( 1959 ) , and Terror of the Red Mask ( 1960 ) . Barker had a short but compelling role as Anita Ekbergs fiancé in Federico Fellinis La Dolce Vita ( 1960 ) . He went back to swashbucklers : Knight of 100 Faces ( 1960 ) , Pirates of the Coast ( 1960 ) , Robin Hood and the Pirates ( 1960 ) , and The Secret of the Black Falcon ( 1961 ) . Germany . In Germany , he had his greatest success . There he starred in movies based on the Doctor Mabuse stories ( formerly filmed by Fritz Lang ) , in the movies The Return of Doctor Mabuse ( 1961 ) . He was in Doctor Sibelius ( 1962 ) . Barker then played Old Shatterhand in an adaptation of the novel by German author Karl May ( 1842–1912 ) , Treasure of the Silver Lake ( 1962 ) . It was a huge hit , and 11 movies adapting stories by Karl May followed until 1968 . Barker did the comedy Breakfast in Bed ( 1962 ) , then the adventure movie Storm Over Ceylon ( 1963 ) . He returned to Italy for The Executioner of Venice ( 1963 ) and ( 1963 ) . Barker reprised his role as Old Shatterhand in Apache Gold ( 1964 ) , Old Shatterhand ( 1964 ) and Last of the Renegades ( 1965 ) . He went to South Africa for Harry Alan Towers German-British international co-production Victim Five ( 1964 ) , then returned to Germany for other adaptations of May books : The Treasure of the Aztecs ( 1965 ) , The Pyramid of the Sun God ( 1965 ) . 24 Hours to Kill ( 1965 ) was a British movie . The Hell of Manitoba ( 1965 ) and The Desperado Trail ( 1966 ) were Westerns . In 1966 , Barker was awarded the Bambi Award as Best Foreign Actor in Germany , where he was a very popular star . He even recorded two songs in German : Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir ( Ill be on the way to you tomorrow , composed by Martin Böttcher , the composer of some of the soundtracks of the Karl May movies ) and Mädchen in Samt und Seide ( Girl in Silk and Velvet , composed by Werner Scharfenberger ) . Later films included Killers Carnival ( 1966 ) , and Winnetou and the Crossbreed ( 1967 ) . In the same year , he starred in a Eurospy film Spy Today , Die Tomorrow , a horror film The Blood Demon , and appeared in the anthology film Woman Times Seven ( 1967 ) . He returned to the United States occasionally and made a handful of guest appearances on American television episodes , but Europe , and especially Germany , was his professional home for the remainder of his life . Personal life . Barker was married five times : - Constance Rhodes Thurlow ( 1918–1975 ) ( married June 27 , 1942–divorced 1950 ) , a daughter of Leon Rhodes Thurlow , a vice president of the Decorated Metal Manufacturing Company . They had one daughter , Lynn Thurlow Barker ( April 11 , 1943 – 2010 ) and a son , Alexander Zan Crichlow Barker III ( March 25 , 1947 – October 2 , 2012 ) . In 1952 Constance Barker married her second husband , John Lawrence Adams , a descendant of John Quincy Adams . - Actress Arlene Dahl ( married 1951–divorced 1952 ) - Actress Lana Turner ( married September 8 , 1953–divorced July 22 , 1957 ) . In Detour : A Hollywood Tragedy - My Life with Lana Turner , My Mother ( 1988 ) , written by Turners daughter Cheryl Crane , Crane claimed Barker repeatedly molested and raped her from the ages of 10 to 13 , and that it was after she informed her mother of this that they divorced . According to Crane , Turner ordered him out of the house at gunpoint the morning after she learned of this . He denied the accusation . - Irene Labhardt ( married 1957–1962 ; her death from leukemia ) , a Swiss actress . They had one son , Christopher ( born 1960 ) , who became an actor and singer . - Tita Cervera ( married 1965–divorced 1972 , although divorce not deemed legally valid ) , a Spanish beauty pageant winner . Voted Miss Spain in 1962 , she later became the wife of movie producer Espartaco Santoni in 1975 ( the marriage turned out to be bigamous ) and later still , in 1985 , the fifth and final wife of billionaire art collector Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza . Death . Barker died on May 11 , 1973 , of a heart attack while walking down a street in New York City on his way to meet his fiancée , actress Karen Kondazian . The funeral was held in New York . He was cremated and the ashes were taken by his estranged wife Tita to Spain . Discography . - Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir / Mädchen in Samt und Seide 1965 , Single , Decca D 19 725 - Winnetou du warst mein Freund 1996 , CD , Bear Family Records
|
[
"Tita Cervera"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alexander Crichlow Barker Jr . ( May 8 , 1919 – May 11 , 1973 ) was an American actor best known for playing Tarzan of the Apes and leading characters from Karl Mays novels under the stage name Lex Barker .",
"title": "Lex Barker"
},
{
"text": " Alexander Crichlow Barker , Jr . was born on May 8 , 1919 , in Rye , New York . He was the second child of Alexander Crichlow Barker , Sr. , a wealthy Canadian-born building contractor , and his American wife , the former Marion Thornton Beals .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "His father later worked as a stockbroker . Barker had an elder sister , Frederica Amelia Freddie Barlow ( 1917–1980 ) . Raised in New York City and Port Chester , New York , Lex Barker attended the Fessenden School and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy . He played American football as well as the oboe . He attended Princeton University , but dropped out to join a theatrical stock company , much to the chagrin of his family .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Barker made it to Broadway once , in a small role in a short run of Shakespeares The Merry Wives of Windsor in 1938 . He also had a small role in Orson Welless disastrous Five Kings , which met with so many problems in Boston and Philadelphia that it never made it into New York City .",
"title": "Theatre"
},
{
"text": " In February 1941 , ten months before the attack on Pearl Harbor , Barker left his fledgling acting career and enlisted in the United States Army . He rose to the rank of major during the war . He was wounded in action ( in the head and leg ) fighting in Sicily . He was awarded the Purple Heart twice .",
"title": "World War Two"
},
{
"text": " Back in the US , he recuperated at a military hospital in Arkansas , then upon his discharge from service , traveled to Los Angeles . Within a short time , he landed a small role in Doll Face ( 1945 ) , his first film . A string of small roles followed , in films such as Two Guys from Milwaukee ( 1945 ) and Cloak and Dagger ( 1946 ) .",
"title": "Early film roles"
},
{
"text": " Barker signed a contract at RKO . He had small roles in The Farmers Daughter ( 1947 ) , Crossfire ( 1947 ) , and Under the Tonto Rim ( 1947 ) . Barker went to Paramount for Unconquered ( 1947 ) . Back at RKO he was in Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome ( 1947 ) , Berlin Express ( 1948 ) , Mr . Blandings Builds His Dream House ( 1948 ) , The Velvet Touch ( 1948 ) , and Return of the Bad Men ( 1948 ) , playing Emmett Dalton .",
"title": "RKO"
},
{
"text": " In Tarzans Magic Fountain ( 1949 ) , Barker became the tenth official Tarzan of the movies . His blond , handsome , and intelligent appearance , as well as his athletic , now 64 frame , helped make him popular in the role Johnny Weissmuller had made his own for 16 years . His Jane was Brenda Joyce who had been in Weissmullers last three films .",
"title": "Tarzan"
},
{
"text": "Barkers second Tarzan was Tarzan and the Slave Girl ( 1950 ) , where Jane was played by Vanessa Brown . In Tarzans Peril ( 1951 ) , Barkers Jane was Virginia Huston , with African location footage . Dorothy Hart was Jane in Tarzans Savage Fury ( 1952 ) , directed by Cy Endfield .",
"title": "Tarzan"
},
{
"text": " Barker got the chance to play a non-Tarzan role in Battles of Chief Pontiac ( 1952 ) , a Western . He returned to the role one last time in Tarzan and the She-Devil ( 1953 ) .",
"title": "Tarzan"
},
{
"text": " Barker supported Randolph Scott in Thunder Over the Plains ( 1953 ) . At Universal he starred in the Western The Yellow Mountain ( 1954 ) and The Man from Bitter Ridge ( 1955 ) . He went to Columbia to make Duel on the Mississippi ( 1955 ) . Barker had a rare non-Western role in The Price of Fear ( 1956 ) , a film noir with Merle Oberon . He was in the war movie Away All Boats ( 1956 ) and the thriller The Girl in the Kremlin ( 1957 ) .",
"title": "Westerns"
},
{
"text": "Barker made two films for Howard W . Koch : War Drums ( 1957 ) and Jungle Heat ( 1957 ) . He went to 20th Century Fox for The Deerslayer ( 1957 ) , then did The Girl in Black Stockings ( 1957 ) .",
"title": "Westerns"
},
{
"text": " In 1957 , as he found it harder to find work in American films , Barker moved to Europe ( he spoke French , Italian , Spanish , and some German ) , where he found popularity and starred in over 40 European films , including two movies based on the novels by Italian author Emilio Salgari ( 1862–1911 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": "He started his European career with a British thriller The Strange Awakening ( 1958 ) . He went to Italy to star in Captain Falcon ( 1959 ) , Son of the Red Corsair ( 1959 ) , The Pirate and the Slave Girl ( 1959 ) , and Terror of the Red Mask ( 1960 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " Barker had a short but compelling role as Anita Ekbergs fiancé in Federico Fellinis La Dolce Vita ( 1960 ) . He went back to swashbucklers : Knight of 100 Faces ( 1960 ) , Pirates of the Coast ( 1960 ) , Robin Hood and the Pirates ( 1960 ) , and The Secret of the Black Falcon ( 1961 ) .",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"text": " In Germany , he had his greatest success . There he starred in movies based on the Doctor Mabuse stories ( formerly filmed by Fritz Lang ) , in the movies The Return of Doctor Mabuse ( 1961 ) . He was in Doctor Sibelius ( 1962 ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "Barker then played Old Shatterhand in an adaptation of the novel by German author Karl May ( 1842–1912 ) , Treasure of the Silver Lake ( 1962 ) . It was a huge hit , and 11 movies adapting stories by Karl May followed until 1968 . Barker did the comedy Breakfast in Bed ( 1962 ) , then the adventure movie Storm Over Ceylon ( 1963 ) . He returned to Italy for The Executioner of Venice ( 1963 ) and ( 1963 ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "Barker reprised his role as Old Shatterhand in Apache Gold ( 1964 ) , Old Shatterhand ( 1964 ) and Last of the Renegades ( 1965 ) . He went to South Africa for Harry Alan Towers German-British international co-production Victim Five ( 1964 ) , then returned to Germany for other adaptations of May books : The Treasure of the Aztecs ( 1965 ) , The Pyramid of the Sun God ( 1965 ) . 24 Hours to Kill ( 1965 ) was a British movie . The Hell of Manitoba ( 1965 ) and The Desperado Trail (",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "1966 ) were Westerns .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": " In 1966 , Barker was awarded the Bambi Award as Best Foreign Actor in Germany , where he was a very popular star . He even recorded two songs in German : Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir ( Ill be on the way to you tomorrow , composed by Martin Böttcher , the composer of some of the soundtracks of the Karl May movies ) and Mädchen in Samt und Seide ( Girl in Silk and Velvet , composed by Werner Scharfenberger ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": "Later films included Killers Carnival ( 1966 ) , and Winnetou and the Crossbreed ( 1967 ) . In the same year , he starred in a Eurospy film Spy Today , Die Tomorrow , a horror film The Blood Demon , and appeared in the anthology film Woman Times Seven ( 1967 ) .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": " He returned to the United States occasionally and made a handful of guest appearances on American television episodes , but Europe , and especially Germany , was his professional home for the remainder of his life .",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"text": " Barker was married five times : - Constance Rhodes Thurlow ( 1918–1975 ) ( married June 27 , 1942–divorced 1950 ) , a daughter of Leon Rhodes Thurlow , a vice president of the Decorated Metal Manufacturing Company . They had one daughter , Lynn Thurlow Barker ( April 11 , 1943 – 2010 ) and a son , Alexander Zan Crichlow Barker III ( March 25 , 1947 – October 2 , 2012 ) . In 1952 Constance Barker married her second husband , John Lawrence Adams , a descendant of John Quincy Adams .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "- Actress Arlene Dahl ( married 1951–divorced 1952 )",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Actress Lana Turner ( married September 8 , 1953–divorced July 22 , 1957 ) . In Detour : A Hollywood Tragedy - My Life with Lana Turner , My Mother ( 1988 ) , written by Turners daughter Cheryl Crane , Crane claimed Barker repeatedly molested and raped her from the ages of 10 to 13 , and that it was after she informed her mother of this that they divorced . According to Crane , Turner ordered him out of the house at gunpoint the morning after she learned of this . He denied the accusation .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "- Irene Labhardt ( married 1957–1962 ; her death from leukemia ) , a Swiss actress . They had one son , Christopher ( born 1960 ) , who became an actor and singer .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Tita Cervera ( married 1965–divorced 1972 , although divorce not deemed legally valid ) , a Spanish beauty pageant winner . Voted Miss Spain in 1962 , she later became the wife of movie producer Espartaco Santoni in 1975 ( the marriage turned out to be bigamous ) and later still , in 1985 , the fifth and final wife of billionaire art collector Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Barker died on May 11 , 1973 , of a heart attack while walking down a street in New York City on his way to meet his fiancée , actress Karen Kondazian . The funeral was held in New York . He was cremated and the ashes were taken by his estranged wife Tita to Spain .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " - Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir / Mädchen in Samt und Seide 1965 , Single , Decca D 19 725 - Winnetou du warst mein Freund 1996 , CD , Bear Family Records",
"title": "Discography"
}
] |
/wiki/James_Jennings#P54#0
|
Which team did the player James Jennings belong to in Dec 2008?
|
James Jennings James Ryan Jennings ( born 2 September 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stockport County . Career . Macclesfield Town . Born in Manchester , Jennings joined the senior Macclesfield Town team in May 2006 from Manchester City , making his debut in a 1–0 victory against Walsall in the FA Cup as a 90th-minute substitute on 21 November 2006 , this led to Jennings famously playing in Macclesfield Towns 3rd Round FA Cup clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in 2007 His League Two debut came in Macclesfields first league victory of the 2006–07 as they defeated Rochdale 1–0 in December . He finished the season with 11 appearances,<ref 2006/2007 player appearances></ref> after which he was offered a new contract which he accepted a month later . He signed a new deal with the club until the end of the 2007–08 season in December , and after making two appearances for the team that season he joined Conference National side Altrincham on loan . He made his debut in a 2–1 victory over Northwich Victoria on 1 January 2008 and finished this spell with nine appearances before being recalled by Macclesfield in February.<ref 2007/2008 player appearances></ref> He made a further 20 appearances for Macclesfield after his return and was offered a new contract at the end of the season , which he subsequently signed . Kettering Town . In the summer of 2009 , Jennings left Macclesfield to join Kettering Town . His first appearance for Kettering came in a 2–1 away win over Forest Green Rovers on the opening day of the 2009–10 season . His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Grays Athletic on 6 March 2010 . Cambridge United . Jennings joined Cambridge United in summer 2010 from Kettering on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee decided by a tribunal . He made 43 first team starts in his first season with the club . In his second season with The Us , Jennings was named as vice-captain by new manager Jez George . In January 2012 , Jennings put pen to paper in a new deal keeping him at the club until the summer of 2014 . Mansfield Town . On the final day of the transfer window , 31 January 2013 , Cambridge United allowed Jennings to join Mansfield Town . Jennings signed an 18-month contract with The Stags , with some media outlets mentioning that a fee was involved , with some stating it was a free-transfer . .He was part of the team which won the league with Mansfield in April 2013 , gaining promotion to League Two . Forest Green Rovers . On 3 June 2014 , Jennings signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year deal . A frustrating start to life at Forest Green saw him suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury in pre-season training . The injury kept him out of action for eight months , however he returned to make his debut in a 2014–15 Conference National play-off semi-final second leg defeat against Bristol Rovers in front of 10,563 supporters . He scored his first goal for the club on 22 August 2015 in a 3–1 home win against Lincoln City . He then scored twice in a 2–1 win against Bromley on 31 August 2015 to help Forest Green to a seventh straight win at the start of the 2015–16 National League season . He also scored the equaliser in a game that Forest Green went on to win 3–1 against promotion rivals Dover on 14 November 2015 . After registering a new club record highest league finish of second place , he appeared for Forest Green in the play-offs , going onto make an appearance at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016 in a 3–1 loss against Grimsby Town . A day later on 16 May 2016 , it was confirmed that he was being released by the club at the end of his two-year contract . His efforts over the season earned him a place in the 2015–16 National League team of the year . Cheltenham Town . On 26 May 2016 he signed for Cheltenham Town . He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in an EFL Trophy tie against Blackpool on 30 August 2016 . A day later it was announced on deadline day that he had joined Cheltenhams League Two rivals Morecambe on loan until January 2017 . Wrexham . Jennings signed for Wrexham on a loan deal until the end of the 2016–17 season , following in the footsteps of his younger brother Connor who left The Racecourse to join Tranmere the previous season . Following his release from Cheltenham at the end of the season , he resigned with Wrexham on a 2-year deal on 23 May . Stockport County . Following his release from Wrexham , Jennings joined Stockport County on 16 July 2020 . Personal life . Jamess younger brother is Connor Jennings who also plays for Stockport County but is a strike
|
[
"Macclesfield Town"
] |
[
{
"text": " James Ryan Jennings ( born 2 September 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stockport County .",
"title": "James Jennings"
},
{
"text": "Born in Manchester , Jennings joined the senior Macclesfield Town team in May 2006 from Manchester City , making his debut in a 1–0 victory against Walsall in the FA Cup as a 90th-minute substitute on 21 November 2006 , this led to Jennings famously playing in Macclesfield Towns 3rd Round FA Cup clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in 2007 His League Two debut came in Macclesfields first league victory of the 2006–07 as they defeated Rochdale 1–0 in December . He finished the season with 11 appearances,<ref 2006/2007 player appearances></ref> after which he was offered a new contract",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": "which he accepted a month later . He signed a new deal with the club until the end of the 2007–08 season in December , and after making two appearances for the team that season he joined Conference National side Altrincham on loan . He made his debut in a 2–1 victory over Northwich Victoria on 1 January 2008 and finished this spell with nine appearances before being recalled by Macclesfield in February.<ref 2007/2008 player appearances></ref> He made a further 20 appearances for Macclesfield after his return and was offered a new contract at the end of the season ,",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": "which he subsequently signed .",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2009 , Jennings left Macclesfield to join Kettering Town . His first appearance for Kettering came in a 2–1 away win over Forest Green Rovers on the opening day of the 2009–10 season . His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Grays Athletic on 6 March 2010 .",
"title": "Kettering Town"
},
{
"text": " Jennings joined Cambridge United in summer 2010 from Kettering on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee decided by a tribunal . He made 43 first team starts in his first season with the club . In his second season with The Us , Jennings was named as vice-captain by new manager Jez George . In January 2012 , Jennings put pen to paper in a new deal keeping him at the club until the summer of 2014 .",
"title": "Cambridge United"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the transfer window , 31 January 2013 , Cambridge United allowed Jennings to join Mansfield Town . Jennings signed an 18-month contract with The Stags , with some media outlets mentioning that a fee was involved , with some stating it was a free-transfer . .He was part of the team which won the league with Mansfield in April 2013 , gaining promotion to League Two .",
"title": "Mansfield Town"
},
{
"text": " On 3 June 2014 , Jennings signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year deal . A frustrating start to life at Forest Green saw him suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury in pre-season training . The injury kept him out of action for eight months , however he returned to make his debut in a 2014–15 Conference National play-off semi-final second leg defeat against Bristol Rovers in front of 10,563 supporters .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": "He scored his first goal for the club on 22 August 2015 in a 3–1 home win against Lincoln City . He then scored twice in a 2–1 win against Bromley on 31 August 2015 to help Forest Green to a seventh straight win at the start of the 2015–16 National League season . He also scored the equaliser in a game that Forest Green went on to win 3–1 against promotion rivals Dover on 14 November 2015 .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": " After registering a new club record highest league finish of second place , he appeared for Forest Green in the play-offs , going onto make an appearance at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016 in a 3–1 loss against Grimsby Town . A day later on 16 May 2016 , it was confirmed that he was being released by the club at the end of his two-year contract . His efforts over the season earned him a place in the 2015–16 National League team of the year .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 26 May 2016 he signed for Cheltenham Town . He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in an EFL Trophy tie against Blackpool on 30 August 2016 . A day later it was announced on deadline day that he had joined Cheltenhams League Two rivals Morecambe on loan until January 2017 .",
"title": "Cheltenham Town"
},
{
"text": " Jennings signed for Wrexham on a loan deal until the end of the 2016–17 season , following in the footsteps of his younger brother Connor who left The Racecourse to join Tranmere the previous season . Following his release from Cheltenham at the end of the season , he resigned with Wrexham on a 2-year deal on 23 May .",
"title": "Wrexham"
},
{
"text": " Following his release from Wrexham , Jennings joined Stockport County on 16 July 2020 .",
"title": "Stockport County"
},
{
"text": " Jamess younger brother is Connor Jennings who also plays for Stockport County but is a strike",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/James_Jennings#P54#1
|
Which team did the player James Jennings belong to in Feb 2009?
|
James Jennings James Ryan Jennings ( born 2 September 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stockport County . Career . Macclesfield Town . Born in Manchester , Jennings joined the senior Macclesfield Town team in May 2006 from Manchester City , making his debut in a 1–0 victory against Walsall in the FA Cup as a 90th-minute substitute on 21 November 2006 , this led to Jennings famously playing in Macclesfield Towns 3rd Round FA Cup clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in 2007 His League Two debut came in Macclesfields first league victory of the 2006–07 as they defeated Rochdale 1–0 in December . He finished the season with 11 appearances,<ref 2006/2007 player appearances></ref> after which he was offered a new contract which he accepted a month later . He signed a new deal with the club until the end of the 2007–08 season in December , and after making two appearances for the team that season he joined Conference National side Altrincham on loan . He made his debut in a 2–1 victory over Northwich Victoria on 1 January 2008 and finished this spell with nine appearances before being recalled by Macclesfield in February.<ref 2007/2008 player appearances></ref> He made a further 20 appearances for Macclesfield after his return and was offered a new contract at the end of the season , which he subsequently signed . Kettering Town . In the summer of 2009 , Jennings left Macclesfield to join Kettering Town . His first appearance for Kettering came in a 2–1 away win over Forest Green Rovers on the opening day of the 2009–10 season . His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Grays Athletic on 6 March 2010 . Cambridge United . Jennings joined Cambridge United in summer 2010 from Kettering on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee decided by a tribunal . He made 43 first team starts in his first season with the club . In his second season with The Us , Jennings was named as vice-captain by new manager Jez George . In January 2012 , Jennings put pen to paper in a new deal keeping him at the club until the summer of 2014 . Mansfield Town . On the final day of the transfer window , 31 January 2013 , Cambridge United allowed Jennings to join Mansfield Town . Jennings signed an 18-month contract with The Stags , with some media outlets mentioning that a fee was involved , with some stating it was a free-transfer . .He was part of the team which won the league with Mansfield in April 2013 , gaining promotion to League Two . Forest Green Rovers . On 3 June 2014 , Jennings signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year deal . A frustrating start to life at Forest Green saw him suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury in pre-season training . The injury kept him out of action for eight months , however he returned to make his debut in a 2014–15 Conference National play-off semi-final second leg defeat against Bristol Rovers in front of 10,563 supporters . He scored his first goal for the club on 22 August 2015 in a 3–1 home win against Lincoln City . He then scored twice in a 2–1 win against Bromley on 31 August 2015 to help Forest Green to a seventh straight win at the start of the 2015–16 National League season . He also scored the equaliser in a game that Forest Green went on to win 3–1 against promotion rivals Dover on 14 November 2015 . After registering a new club record highest league finish of second place , he appeared for Forest Green in the play-offs , going onto make an appearance at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016 in a 3–1 loss against Grimsby Town . A day later on 16 May 2016 , it was confirmed that he was being released by the club at the end of his two-year contract . His efforts over the season earned him a place in the 2015–16 National League team of the year . Cheltenham Town . On 26 May 2016 he signed for Cheltenham Town . He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in an EFL Trophy tie against Blackpool on 30 August 2016 . A day later it was announced on deadline day that he had joined Cheltenhams League Two rivals Morecambe on loan until January 2017 . Wrexham . Jennings signed for Wrexham on a loan deal until the end of the 2016–17 season , following in the footsteps of his younger brother Connor who left The Racecourse to join Tranmere the previous season . Following his release from Cheltenham at the end of the season , he resigned with Wrexham on a 2-year deal on 23 May . Stockport County . Following his release from Wrexham , Jennings joined Stockport County on 16 July 2020 . Personal life . Jamess younger brother is Connor Jennings who also plays for Stockport County but is a strike
|
[
"Kettering Town"
] |
[
{
"text": " James Ryan Jennings ( born 2 September 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stockport County .",
"title": "James Jennings"
},
{
"text": "Born in Manchester , Jennings joined the senior Macclesfield Town team in May 2006 from Manchester City , making his debut in a 1–0 victory against Walsall in the FA Cup as a 90th-minute substitute on 21 November 2006 , this led to Jennings famously playing in Macclesfield Towns 3rd Round FA Cup clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in 2007 His League Two debut came in Macclesfields first league victory of the 2006–07 as they defeated Rochdale 1–0 in December . He finished the season with 11 appearances,<ref 2006/2007 player appearances></ref> after which he was offered a new contract",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": "which he accepted a month later . He signed a new deal with the club until the end of the 2007–08 season in December , and after making two appearances for the team that season he joined Conference National side Altrincham on loan . He made his debut in a 2–1 victory over Northwich Victoria on 1 January 2008 and finished this spell with nine appearances before being recalled by Macclesfield in February.<ref 2007/2008 player appearances></ref> He made a further 20 appearances for Macclesfield after his return and was offered a new contract at the end of the season ,",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": "which he subsequently signed .",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2009 , Jennings left Macclesfield to join Kettering Town . His first appearance for Kettering came in a 2–1 away win over Forest Green Rovers on the opening day of the 2009–10 season . His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Grays Athletic on 6 March 2010 .",
"title": "Kettering Town"
},
{
"text": " Jennings joined Cambridge United in summer 2010 from Kettering on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee decided by a tribunal . He made 43 first team starts in his first season with the club . In his second season with The Us , Jennings was named as vice-captain by new manager Jez George . In January 2012 , Jennings put pen to paper in a new deal keeping him at the club until the summer of 2014 .",
"title": "Cambridge United"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the transfer window , 31 January 2013 , Cambridge United allowed Jennings to join Mansfield Town . Jennings signed an 18-month contract with The Stags , with some media outlets mentioning that a fee was involved , with some stating it was a free-transfer . .He was part of the team which won the league with Mansfield in April 2013 , gaining promotion to League Two .",
"title": "Mansfield Town"
},
{
"text": " On 3 June 2014 , Jennings signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year deal . A frustrating start to life at Forest Green saw him suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury in pre-season training . The injury kept him out of action for eight months , however he returned to make his debut in a 2014–15 Conference National play-off semi-final second leg defeat against Bristol Rovers in front of 10,563 supporters .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": "He scored his first goal for the club on 22 August 2015 in a 3–1 home win against Lincoln City . He then scored twice in a 2–1 win against Bromley on 31 August 2015 to help Forest Green to a seventh straight win at the start of the 2015–16 National League season . He also scored the equaliser in a game that Forest Green went on to win 3–1 against promotion rivals Dover on 14 November 2015 .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": " After registering a new club record highest league finish of second place , he appeared for Forest Green in the play-offs , going onto make an appearance at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016 in a 3–1 loss against Grimsby Town . A day later on 16 May 2016 , it was confirmed that he was being released by the club at the end of his two-year contract . His efforts over the season earned him a place in the 2015–16 National League team of the year .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 26 May 2016 he signed for Cheltenham Town . He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in an EFL Trophy tie against Blackpool on 30 August 2016 . A day later it was announced on deadline day that he had joined Cheltenhams League Two rivals Morecambe on loan until January 2017 .",
"title": "Cheltenham Town"
},
{
"text": " Jennings signed for Wrexham on a loan deal until the end of the 2016–17 season , following in the footsteps of his younger brother Connor who left The Racecourse to join Tranmere the previous season . Following his release from Cheltenham at the end of the season , he resigned with Wrexham on a 2-year deal on 23 May .",
"title": "Wrexham"
},
{
"text": " Following his release from Wrexham , Jennings joined Stockport County on 16 July 2020 .",
"title": "Stockport County"
},
{
"text": " Jamess younger brother is Connor Jennings who also plays for Stockport County but is a strike",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/James_Jennings#P54#2
|
Which team did the player James Jennings belong to between Dec 2010 and Oct 2012?
|
James Jennings James Ryan Jennings ( born 2 September 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stockport County . Career . Macclesfield Town . Born in Manchester , Jennings joined the senior Macclesfield Town team in May 2006 from Manchester City , making his debut in a 1–0 victory against Walsall in the FA Cup as a 90th-minute substitute on 21 November 2006 , this led to Jennings famously playing in Macclesfield Towns 3rd Round FA Cup clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in 2007 His League Two debut came in Macclesfields first league victory of the 2006–07 as they defeated Rochdale 1–0 in December . He finished the season with 11 appearances,<ref 2006/2007 player appearances></ref> after which he was offered a new contract which he accepted a month later . He signed a new deal with the club until the end of the 2007–08 season in December , and after making two appearances for the team that season he joined Conference National side Altrincham on loan . He made his debut in a 2–1 victory over Northwich Victoria on 1 January 2008 and finished this spell with nine appearances before being recalled by Macclesfield in February.<ref 2007/2008 player appearances></ref> He made a further 20 appearances for Macclesfield after his return and was offered a new contract at the end of the season , which he subsequently signed . Kettering Town . In the summer of 2009 , Jennings left Macclesfield to join Kettering Town . His first appearance for Kettering came in a 2–1 away win over Forest Green Rovers on the opening day of the 2009–10 season . His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Grays Athletic on 6 March 2010 . Cambridge United . Jennings joined Cambridge United in summer 2010 from Kettering on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee decided by a tribunal . He made 43 first team starts in his first season with the club . In his second season with The Us , Jennings was named as vice-captain by new manager Jez George . In January 2012 , Jennings put pen to paper in a new deal keeping him at the club until the summer of 2014 . Mansfield Town . On the final day of the transfer window , 31 January 2013 , Cambridge United allowed Jennings to join Mansfield Town . Jennings signed an 18-month contract with The Stags , with some media outlets mentioning that a fee was involved , with some stating it was a free-transfer . .He was part of the team which won the league with Mansfield in April 2013 , gaining promotion to League Two . Forest Green Rovers . On 3 June 2014 , Jennings signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year deal . A frustrating start to life at Forest Green saw him suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury in pre-season training . The injury kept him out of action for eight months , however he returned to make his debut in a 2014–15 Conference National play-off semi-final second leg defeat against Bristol Rovers in front of 10,563 supporters . He scored his first goal for the club on 22 August 2015 in a 3–1 home win against Lincoln City . He then scored twice in a 2–1 win against Bromley on 31 August 2015 to help Forest Green to a seventh straight win at the start of the 2015–16 National League season . He also scored the equaliser in a game that Forest Green went on to win 3–1 against promotion rivals Dover on 14 November 2015 . After registering a new club record highest league finish of second place , he appeared for Forest Green in the play-offs , going onto make an appearance at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016 in a 3–1 loss against Grimsby Town . A day later on 16 May 2016 , it was confirmed that he was being released by the club at the end of his two-year contract . His efforts over the season earned him a place in the 2015–16 National League team of the year . Cheltenham Town . On 26 May 2016 he signed for Cheltenham Town . He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in an EFL Trophy tie against Blackpool on 30 August 2016 . A day later it was announced on deadline day that he had joined Cheltenhams League Two rivals Morecambe on loan until January 2017 . Wrexham . Jennings signed for Wrexham on a loan deal until the end of the 2016–17 season , following in the footsteps of his younger brother Connor who left The Racecourse to join Tranmere the previous season . Following his release from Cheltenham at the end of the season , he resigned with Wrexham on a 2-year deal on 23 May . Stockport County . Following his release from Wrexham , Jennings joined Stockport County on 16 July 2020 . Personal life . Jamess younger brother is Connor Jennings who also plays for Stockport County but is a strike
|
[
"Cambridge United"
] |
[
{
"text": " James Ryan Jennings ( born 2 September 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stockport County .",
"title": "James Jennings"
},
{
"text": "Born in Manchester , Jennings joined the senior Macclesfield Town team in May 2006 from Manchester City , making his debut in a 1–0 victory against Walsall in the FA Cup as a 90th-minute substitute on 21 November 2006 , this led to Jennings famously playing in Macclesfield Towns 3rd Round FA Cup clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in 2007 His League Two debut came in Macclesfields first league victory of the 2006–07 as they defeated Rochdale 1–0 in December . He finished the season with 11 appearances,<ref 2006/2007 player appearances></ref> after which he was offered a new contract",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": "which he accepted a month later . He signed a new deal with the club until the end of the 2007–08 season in December , and after making two appearances for the team that season he joined Conference National side Altrincham on loan . He made his debut in a 2–1 victory over Northwich Victoria on 1 January 2008 and finished this spell with nine appearances before being recalled by Macclesfield in February.<ref 2007/2008 player appearances></ref> He made a further 20 appearances for Macclesfield after his return and was offered a new contract at the end of the season ,",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": "which he subsequently signed .",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2009 , Jennings left Macclesfield to join Kettering Town . His first appearance for Kettering came in a 2–1 away win over Forest Green Rovers on the opening day of the 2009–10 season . His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Grays Athletic on 6 March 2010 .",
"title": "Kettering Town"
},
{
"text": " Jennings joined Cambridge United in summer 2010 from Kettering on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee decided by a tribunal . He made 43 first team starts in his first season with the club . In his second season with The Us , Jennings was named as vice-captain by new manager Jez George . In January 2012 , Jennings put pen to paper in a new deal keeping him at the club until the summer of 2014 .",
"title": "Cambridge United"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the transfer window , 31 January 2013 , Cambridge United allowed Jennings to join Mansfield Town . Jennings signed an 18-month contract with The Stags , with some media outlets mentioning that a fee was involved , with some stating it was a free-transfer . .He was part of the team which won the league with Mansfield in April 2013 , gaining promotion to League Two .",
"title": "Mansfield Town"
},
{
"text": " On 3 June 2014 , Jennings signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year deal . A frustrating start to life at Forest Green saw him suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury in pre-season training . The injury kept him out of action for eight months , however he returned to make his debut in a 2014–15 Conference National play-off semi-final second leg defeat against Bristol Rovers in front of 10,563 supporters .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": "He scored his first goal for the club on 22 August 2015 in a 3–1 home win against Lincoln City . He then scored twice in a 2–1 win against Bromley on 31 August 2015 to help Forest Green to a seventh straight win at the start of the 2015–16 National League season . He also scored the equaliser in a game that Forest Green went on to win 3–1 against promotion rivals Dover on 14 November 2015 .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": " After registering a new club record highest league finish of second place , he appeared for Forest Green in the play-offs , going onto make an appearance at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016 in a 3–1 loss against Grimsby Town . A day later on 16 May 2016 , it was confirmed that he was being released by the club at the end of his two-year contract . His efforts over the season earned him a place in the 2015–16 National League team of the year .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 26 May 2016 he signed for Cheltenham Town . He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in an EFL Trophy tie against Blackpool on 30 August 2016 . A day later it was announced on deadline day that he had joined Cheltenhams League Two rivals Morecambe on loan until January 2017 .",
"title": "Cheltenham Town"
},
{
"text": " Jennings signed for Wrexham on a loan deal until the end of the 2016–17 season , following in the footsteps of his younger brother Connor who left The Racecourse to join Tranmere the previous season . Following his release from Cheltenham at the end of the season , he resigned with Wrexham on a 2-year deal on 23 May .",
"title": "Wrexham"
},
{
"text": " Following his release from Wrexham , Jennings joined Stockport County on 16 July 2020 .",
"title": "Stockport County"
},
{
"text": " Jamess younger brother is Connor Jennings who also plays for Stockport County but is a strike",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/James_Jennings#P54#3
|
Which team did the player James Jennings belong to in Sep 2013?
|
James Jennings James Ryan Jennings ( born 2 September 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stockport County . Career . Macclesfield Town . Born in Manchester , Jennings joined the senior Macclesfield Town team in May 2006 from Manchester City , making his debut in a 1–0 victory against Walsall in the FA Cup as a 90th-minute substitute on 21 November 2006 , this led to Jennings famously playing in Macclesfield Towns 3rd Round FA Cup clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in 2007 His League Two debut came in Macclesfields first league victory of the 2006–07 as they defeated Rochdale 1–0 in December . He finished the season with 11 appearances,<ref 2006/2007 player appearances></ref> after which he was offered a new contract which he accepted a month later . He signed a new deal with the club until the end of the 2007–08 season in December , and after making two appearances for the team that season he joined Conference National side Altrincham on loan . He made his debut in a 2–1 victory over Northwich Victoria on 1 January 2008 and finished this spell with nine appearances before being recalled by Macclesfield in February.<ref 2007/2008 player appearances></ref> He made a further 20 appearances for Macclesfield after his return and was offered a new contract at the end of the season , which he subsequently signed . Kettering Town . In the summer of 2009 , Jennings left Macclesfield to join Kettering Town . His first appearance for Kettering came in a 2–1 away win over Forest Green Rovers on the opening day of the 2009–10 season . His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Grays Athletic on 6 March 2010 . Cambridge United . Jennings joined Cambridge United in summer 2010 from Kettering on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee decided by a tribunal . He made 43 first team starts in his first season with the club . In his second season with The Us , Jennings was named as vice-captain by new manager Jez George . In January 2012 , Jennings put pen to paper in a new deal keeping him at the club until the summer of 2014 . Mansfield Town . On the final day of the transfer window , 31 January 2013 , Cambridge United allowed Jennings to join Mansfield Town . Jennings signed an 18-month contract with The Stags , with some media outlets mentioning that a fee was involved , with some stating it was a free-transfer . .He was part of the team which won the league with Mansfield in April 2013 , gaining promotion to League Two . Forest Green Rovers . On 3 June 2014 , Jennings signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year deal . A frustrating start to life at Forest Green saw him suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury in pre-season training . The injury kept him out of action for eight months , however he returned to make his debut in a 2014–15 Conference National play-off semi-final second leg defeat against Bristol Rovers in front of 10,563 supporters . He scored his first goal for the club on 22 August 2015 in a 3–1 home win against Lincoln City . He then scored twice in a 2–1 win against Bromley on 31 August 2015 to help Forest Green to a seventh straight win at the start of the 2015–16 National League season . He also scored the equaliser in a game that Forest Green went on to win 3–1 against promotion rivals Dover on 14 November 2015 . After registering a new club record highest league finish of second place , he appeared for Forest Green in the play-offs , going onto make an appearance at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016 in a 3–1 loss against Grimsby Town . A day later on 16 May 2016 , it was confirmed that he was being released by the club at the end of his two-year contract . His efforts over the season earned him a place in the 2015–16 National League team of the year . Cheltenham Town . On 26 May 2016 he signed for Cheltenham Town . He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in an EFL Trophy tie against Blackpool on 30 August 2016 . A day later it was announced on deadline day that he had joined Cheltenhams League Two rivals Morecambe on loan until January 2017 . Wrexham . Jennings signed for Wrexham on a loan deal until the end of the 2016–17 season , following in the footsteps of his younger brother Connor who left The Racecourse to join Tranmere the previous season . Following his release from Cheltenham at the end of the season , he resigned with Wrexham on a 2-year deal on 23 May . Stockport County . Following his release from Wrexham , Jennings joined Stockport County on 16 July 2020 . Personal life . Jamess younger brother is Connor Jennings who also plays for Stockport County but is a strike
|
[
"Mansfield Town"
] |
[
{
"text": " James Ryan Jennings ( born 2 September 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stockport County .",
"title": "James Jennings"
},
{
"text": "Born in Manchester , Jennings joined the senior Macclesfield Town team in May 2006 from Manchester City , making his debut in a 1–0 victory against Walsall in the FA Cup as a 90th-minute substitute on 21 November 2006 , this led to Jennings famously playing in Macclesfield Towns 3rd Round FA Cup clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in 2007 His League Two debut came in Macclesfields first league victory of the 2006–07 as they defeated Rochdale 1–0 in December . He finished the season with 11 appearances,<ref 2006/2007 player appearances></ref> after which he was offered a new contract",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": "which he accepted a month later . He signed a new deal with the club until the end of the 2007–08 season in December , and after making two appearances for the team that season he joined Conference National side Altrincham on loan . He made his debut in a 2–1 victory over Northwich Victoria on 1 January 2008 and finished this spell with nine appearances before being recalled by Macclesfield in February.<ref 2007/2008 player appearances></ref> He made a further 20 appearances for Macclesfield after his return and was offered a new contract at the end of the season ,",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": "which he subsequently signed .",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2009 , Jennings left Macclesfield to join Kettering Town . His first appearance for Kettering came in a 2–1 away win over Forest Green Rovers on the opening day of the 2009–10 season . His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Grays Athletic on 6 March 2010 .",
"title": "Kettering Town"
},
{
"text": " Jennings joined Cambridge United in summer 2010 from Kettering on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee decided by a tribunal . He made 43 first team starts in his first season with the club . In his second season with The Us , Jennings was named as vice-captain by new manager Jez George . In January 2012 , Jennings put pen to paper in a new deal keeping him at the club until the summer of 2014 .",
"title": "Cambridge United"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the transfer window , 31 January 2013 , Cambridge United allowed Jennings to join Mansfield Town . Jennings signed an 18-month contract with The Stags , with some media outlets mentioning that a fee was involved , with some stating it was a free-transfer . .He was part of the team which won the league with Mansfield in April 2013 , gaining promotion to League Two .",
"title": "Mansfield Town"
},
{
"text": " On 3 June 2014 , Jennings signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year deal . A frustrating start to life at Forest Green saw him suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury in pre-season training . The injury kept him out of action for eight months , however he returned to make his debut in a 2014–15 Conference National play-off semi-final second leg defeat against Bristol Rovers in front of 10,563 supporters .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": "He scored his first goal for the club on 22 August 2015 in a 3–1 home win against Lincoln City . He then scored twice in a 2–1 win against Bromley on 31 August 2015 to help Forest Green to a seventh straight win at the start of the 2015–16 National League season . He also scored the equaliser in a game that Forest Green went on to win 3–1 against promotion rivals Dover on 14 November 2015 .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": " After registering a new club record highest league finish of second place , he appeared for Forest Green in the play-offs , going onto make an appearance at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016 in a 3–1 loss against Grimsby Town . A day later on 16 May 2016 , it was confirmed that he was being released by the club at the end of his two-year contract . His efforts over the season earned him a place in the 2015–16 National League team of the year .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 26 May 2016 he signed for Cheltenham Town . He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in an EFL Trophy tie against Blackpool on 30 August 2016 . A day later it was announced on deadline day that he had joined Cheltenhams League Two rivals Morecambe on loan until January 2017 .",
"title": "Cheltenham Town"
},
{
"text": " Jennings signed for Wrexham on a loan deal until the end of the 2016–17 season , following in the footsteps of his younger brother Connor who left The Racecourse to join Tranmere the previous season . Following his release from Cheltenham at the end of the season , he resigned with Wrexham on a 2-year deal on 23 May .",
"title": "Wrexham"
},
{
"text": " Following his release from Wrexham , Jennings joined Stockport County on 16 July 2020 .",
"title": "Stockport County"
},
{
"text": " Jamess younger brother is Connor Jennings who also plays for Stockport County but is a strike",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/James_Jennings#P54#4
|
Which team did the player James Jennings belong to in May 2014?
|
James Jennings James Ryan Jennings ( born 2 September 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stockport County . Career . Macclesfield Town . Born in Manchester , Jennings joined the senior Macclesfield Town team in May 2006 from Manchester City , making his debut in a 1–0 victory against Walsall in the FA Cup as a 90th-minute substitute on 21 November 2006 , this led to Jennings famously playing in Macclesfield Towns 3rd Round FA Cup clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in 2007 His League Two debut came in Macclesfields first league victory of the 2006–07 as they defeated Rochdale 1–0 in December . He finished the season with 11 appearances,<ref 2006/2007 player appearances></ref> after which he was offered a new contract which he accepted a month later . He signed a new deal with the club until the end of the 2007–08 season in December , and after making two appearances for the team that season he joined Conference National side Altrincham on loan . He made his debut in a 2–1 victory over Northwich Victoria on 1 January 2008 and finished this spell with nine appearances before being recalled by Macclesfield in February.<ref 2007/2008 player appearances></ref> He made a further 20 appearances for Macclesfield after his return and was offered a new contract at the end of the season , which he subsequently signed . Kettering Town . In the summer of 2009 , Jennings left Macclesfield to join Kettering Town . His first appearance for Kettering came in a 2–1 away win over Forest Green Rovers on the opening day of the 2009–10 season . His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Grays Athletic on 6 March 2010 . Cambridge United . Jennings joined Cambridge United in summer 2010 from Kettering on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee decided by a tribunal . He made 43 first team starts in his first season with the club . In his second season with The Us , Jennings was named as vice-captain by new manager Jez George . In January 2012 , Jennings put pen to paper in a new deal keeping him at the club until the summer of 2014 . Mansfield Town . On the final day of the transfer window , 31 January 2013 , Cambridge United allowed Jennings to join Mansfield Town . Jennings signed an 18-month contract with The Stags , with some media outlets mentioning that a fee was involved , with some stating it was a free-transfer . .He was part of the team which won the league with Mansfield in April 2013 , gaining promotion to League Two . Forest Green Rovers . On 3 June 2014 , Jennings signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year deal . A frustrating start to life at Forest Green saw him suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury in pre-season training . The injury kept him out of action for eight months , however he returned to make his debut in a 2014–15 Conference National play-off semi-final second leg defeat against Bristol Rovers in front of 10,563 supporters . He scored his first goal for the club on 22 August 2015 in a 3–1 home win against Lincoln City . He then scored twice in a 2–1 win against Bromley on 31 August 2015 to help Forest Green to a seventh straight win at the start of the 2015–16 National League season . He also scored the equaliser in a game that Forest Green went on to win 3–1 against promotion rivals Dover on 14 November 2015 . After registering a new club record highest league finish of second place , he appeared for Forest Green in the play-offs , going onto make an appearance at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016 in a 3–1 loss against Grimsby Town . A day later on 16 May 2016 , it was confirmed that he was being released by the club at the end of his two-year contract . His efforts over the season earned him a place in the 2015–16 National League team of the year . Cheltenham Town . On 26 May 2016 he signed for Cheltenham Town . He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in an EFL Trophy tie against Blackpool on 30 August 2016 . A day later it was announced on deadline day that he had joined Cheltenhams League Two rivals Morecambe on loan until January 2017 . Wrexham . Jennings signed for Wrexham on a loan deal until the end of the 2016–17 season , following in the footsteps of his younger brother Connor who left The Racecourse to join Tranmere the previous season . Following his release from Cheltenham at the end of the season , he resigned with Wrexham on a 2-year deal on 23 May . Stockport County . Following his release from Wrexham , Jennings joined Stockport County on 16 July 2020 . Personal life . Jamess younger brother is Connor Jennings who also plays for Stockport County but is a strike
|
[
"Forest Green Rovers"
] |
[
{
"text": " James Ryan Jennings ( born 2 September 1987 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stockport County .",
"title": "James Jennings"
},
{
"text": "Born in Manchester , Jennings joined the senior Macclesfield Town team in May 2006 from Manchester City , making his debut in a 1–0 victory against Walsall in the FA Cup as a 90th-minute substitute on 21 November 2006 , this led to Jennings famously playing in Macclesfield Towns 3rd Round FA Cup clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in 2007 His League Two debut came in Macclesfields first league victory of the 2006–07 as they defeated Rochdale 1–0 in December . He finished the season with 11 appearances,<ref 2006/2007 player appearances></ref> after which he was offered a new contract",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": "which he accepted a month later . He signed a new deal with the club until the end of the 2007–08 season in December , and after making two appearances for the team that season he joined Conference National side Altrincham on loan . He made his debut in a 2–1 victory over Northwich Victoria on 1 January 2008 and finished this spell with nine appearances before being recalled by Macclesfield in February.<ref 2007/2008 player appearances></ref> He made a further 20 appearances for Macclesfield after his return and was offered a new contract at the end of the season ,",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": "which he subsequently signed .",
"title": "Macclesfield Town"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2009 , Jennings left Macclesfield to join Kettering Town . His first appearance for Kettering came in a 2–1 away win over Forest Green Rovers on the opening day of the 2009–10 season . His first goal for the club came in a 2–0 home win against Grays Athletic on 6 March 2010 .",
"title": "Kettering Town"
},
{
"text": " Jennings joined Cambridge United in summer 2010 from Kettering on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee decided by a tribunal . He made 43 first team starts in his first season with the club . In his second season with The Us , Jennings was named as vice-captain by new manager Jez George . In January 2012 , Jennings put pen to paper in a new deal keeping him at the club until the summer of 2014 .",
"title": "Cambridge United"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the transfer window , 31 January 2013 , Cambridge United allowed Jennings to join Mansfield Town . Jennings signed an 18-month contract with The Stags , with some media outlets mentioning that a fee was involved , with some stating it was a free-transfer . .He was part of the team which won the league with Mansfield in April 2013 , gaining promotion to League Two .",
"title": "Mansfield Town"
},
{
"text": " On 3 June 2014 , Jennings signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year deal . A frustrating start to life at Forest Green saw him suffer an anterior cruciate ligament injury in pre-season training . The injury kept him out of action for eight months , however he returned to make his debut in a 2014–15 Conference National play-off semi-final second leg defeat against Bristol Rovers in front of 10,563 supporters .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": "He scored his first goal for the club on 22 August 2015 in a 3–1 home win against Lincoln City . He then scored twice in a 2–1 win against Bromley on 31 August 2015 to help Forest Green to a seventh straight win at the start of the 2015–16 National League season . He also scored the equaliser in a game that Forest Green went on to win 3–1 against promotion rivals Dover on 14 November 2015 .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": " After registering a new club record highest league finish of second place , he appeared for Forest Green in the play-offs , going onto make an appearance at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016 in a 3–1 loss against Grimsby Town . A day later on 16 May 2016 , it was confirmed that he was being released by the club at the end of his two-year contract . His efforts over the season earned him a place in the 2015–16 National League team of the year .",
"title": "Forest Green Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 26 May 2016 he signed for Cheltenham Town . He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in an EFL Trophy tie against Blackpool on 30 August 2016 . A day later it was announced on deadline day that he had joined Cheltenhams League Two rivals Morecambe on loan until January 2017 .",
"title": "Cheltenham Town"
},
{
"text": " Jennings signed for Wrexham on a loan deal until the end of the 2016–17 season , following in the footsteps of his younger brother Connor who left The Racecourse to join Tranmere the previous season . Following his release from Cheltenham at the end of the season , he resigned with Wrexham on a 2-year deal on 23 May .",
"title": "Wrexham"
},
{
"text": " Following his release from Wrexham , Jennings joined Stockport County on 16 July 2020 .",
"title": "Stockport County"
},
{
"text": " Jamess younger brother is Connor Jennings who also plays for Stockport County but is a strike",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Pretyman_Newman#P39#0
|
Which position did John Pretyman Newman hold between Feb 1910 and Aug 1910?
|
John Pretyman Newman Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Robert Pretyman Newman ( born John Robert Bramston Newman ; 22 August 1871 – 12 March 1947 ) was an Irish-born British Army officer and Conservative politician . He was the eldest son of John Adam Richard Newman of Newberry Manor , Mallow , County Cork and his wife Matilda née Bramston of Llangefni , Anglesey . Early life . Following education at Charterhouse School and Trinity College , Cambridge , Newman received a commission in the 5th Battalion , Royal Munster Fusiliers . He was appointed a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for County Cork . In 1898 he served as the countys high sheriff . Marriages . Newman was married twice . In 1895 he married the Hon . Olivia Anne Plunket , daughter of the 4th Baron Plunkett , who died in 1896 . In 1898 he wed Geraldine Ina Olivia Pretyman , daughter of Colonel William Pretyman of the Kings Royal Rifle Corps , and he assumed the additional surname of Pretyman in place of Bramston . The couple made their home at 79 Eaton Square in the Belgravia district of London . His second wife died in October 1935 . Political career . Member of parliament for Enfield . In 1906 he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Walthamstow as a Conservative candidate . At the next general election in January 1910 he stood at Enfield , Middlesex . The seat was considered to be a safe Liberal constituency , but Newman managed to unseat the sitting member of parliament , James Branch by 1,242 votes . A further general election was held in December of the same year , and Newman held the seat with a reduced majority of 936 votes . During the First World War Newman served with the Middlesex Regiment on the Western Front , reaching the rank of major . Member of parliament for Finchley . Due to the First World War no further election was held until 1918 . The Representation of the People Act 1918 redrew constituencies throughout Great Britain , and Newman was elected as first member of parliament for the new Finchley constituency , which included part of the existing Enfield seat . He held the seat at the 1922 election , but was defeated by his Liberal opponent , T A Robertson , when a further election was called in 1923 . He was knighted in February 1924 as part of the resignation hours of Stanley Baldwin . Middle Class Union . Newman was on the right wing of Conservative politics . He expressed admiration for fascism in his role as vice-president of the Middle Class Union formed in 1919 as an Anti-Socialist group to maintain public services in the event of strike action . Later life . Newman was the director of a number of companies including Allied Cement and Stream-Line Filters . In 1928 , while chairman of Perfecta Meters Limited , he wrote a letter to a shareholder of the company making allegations against the managing director of the company . Newman was found guilty of libel , and damages of 1,500 pounds were awarded against him . Newman died on 12 March 1947 in Farnham , Surrey , and was cremated in Woking two days later .
|
[
"Member of parliament for Enfield"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Robert Pretyman Newman ( born John Robert Bramston Newman ; 22 August 1871 – 12 March 1947 ) was an Irish-born British Army officer and Conservative politician . He was the eldest son of John Adam Richard Newman of Newberry Manor , Mallow , County Cork and his wife Matilda née Bramston of Llangefni , Anglesey .",
"title": "John Pretyman Newman"
},
{
"text": " Following education at Charterhouse School and Trinity College , Cambridge , Newman received a commission in the 5th Battalion , Royal Munster Fusiliers . He was appointed a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for County Cork . In 1898 he served as the countys high sheriff .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Newman was married twice . In 1895 he married the Hon . Olivia Anne Plunket , daughter of the 4th Baron Plunkett , who died in 1896 . In 1898 he wed Geraldine Ina Olivia Pretyman , daughter of Colonel William Pretyman of the Kings Royal Rifle Corps , and he assumed the additional surname of Pretyman in place of Bramston . The couple made their home at 79 Eaton Square in the Belgravia district of London . His second wife died in October 1935 .",
"title": "Marriages"
},
{
"text": "In 1906 he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Walthamstow as a Conservative candidate . At the next general election in January 1910 he stood at Enfield , Middlesex . The seat was considered to be a safe Liberal constituency , but Newman managed to unseat the sitting member of parliament , James Branch by 1,242 votes . A further general election was held in December of the same year , and Newman held the seat with a reduced majority of 936 votes . During the First World War Newman served with the Middlesex Regiment on the Western Front ,",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "reaching the rank of major .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Due to the First World War no further election was held until 1918 . The Representation of the People Act 1918 redrew constituencies throughout Great Britain , and Newman was elected as first member of parliament for the new Finchley constituency , which included part of the existing Enfield seat . He held the seat at the 1922 election , but was defeated by his Liberal opponent , T A Robertson , when a further election was called in 1923 . He was knighted in February 1924 as part of the resignation hours of Stanley Baldwin .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Newman was on the right wing of Conservative politics . He expressed admiration for fascism in his role as vice-president of the Middle Class Union formed in 1919 as an Anti-Socialist group to maintain public services in the event of strike action .",
"title": "Middle Class Union"
},
{
"text": " Newman was the director of a number of companies including Allied Cement and Stream-Line Filters . In 1928 , while chairman of Perfecta Meters Limited , he wrote a letter to a shareholder of the company making allegations against the managing director of the company . Newman was found guilty of libel , and damages of 1,500 pounds were awarded against him . Newman died on 12 March 1947 in Farnham , Surrey , and was cremated in Woking two days later .",
"title": "Later life"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Pretyman_Newman#P39#1
|
Which position did John Pretyman Newman hold in Jan 1913?
|
John Pretyman Newman Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Robert Pretyman Newman ( born John Robert Bramston Newman ; 22 August 1871 – 12 March 1947 ) was an Irish-born British Army officer and Conservative politician . He was the eldest son of John Adam Richard Newman of Newberry Manor , Mallow , County Cork and his wife Matilda née Bramston of Llangefni , Anglesey . Early life . Following education at Charterhouse School and Trinity College , Cambridge , Newman received a commission in the 5th Battalion , Royal Munster Fusiliers . He was appointed a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for County Cork . In 1898 he served as the countys high sheriff . Marriages . Newman was married twice . In 1895 he married the Hon . Olivia Anne Plunket , daughter of the 4th Baron Plunkett , who died in 1896 . In 1898 he wed Geraldine Ina Olivia Pretyman , daughter of Colonel William Pretyman of the Kings Royal Rifle Corps , and he assumed the additional surname of Pretyman in place of Bramston . The couple made their home at 79 Eaton Square in the Belgravia district of London . His second wife died in October 1935 . Political career . Member of parliament for Enfield . In 1906 he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Walthamstow as a Conservative candidate . At the next general election in January 1910 he stood at Enfield , Middlesex . The seat was considered to be a safe Liberal constituency , but Newman managed to unseat the sitting member of parliament , James Branch by 1,242 votes . A further general election was held in December of the same year , and Newman held the seat with a reduced majority of 936 votes . During the First World War Newman served with the Middlesex Regiment on the Western Front , reaching the rank of major . Member of parliament for Finchley . Due to the First World War no further election was held until 1918 . The Representation of the People Act 1918 redrew constituencies throughout Great Britain , and Newman was elected as first member of parliament for the new Finchley constituency , which included part of the existing Enfield seat . He held the seat at the 1922 election , but was defeated by his Liberal opponent , T A Robertson , when a further election was called in 1923 . He was knighted in February 1924 as part of the resignation hours of Stanley Baldwin . Middle Class Union . Newman was on the right wing of Conservative politics . He expressed admiration for fascism in his role as vice-president of the Middle Class Union formed in 1919 as an Anti-Socialist group to maintain public services in the event of strike action . Later life . Newman was the director of a number of companies including Allied Cement and Stream-Line Filters . In 1928 , while chairman of Perfecta Meters Limited , he wrote a letter to a shareholder of the company making allegations against the managing director of the company . Newman was found guilty of libel , and damages of 1,500 pounds were awarded against him . Newman died on 12 March 1947 in Farnham , Surrey , and was cremated in Woking two days later .
|
[
"Member of parliament for Enfield"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Robert Pretyman Newman ( born John Robert Bramston Newman ; 22 August 1871 – 12 March 1947 ) was an Irish-born British Army officer and Conservative politician . He was the eldest son of John Adam Richard Newman of Newberry Manor , Mallow , County Cork and his wife Matilda née Bramston of Llangefni , Anglesey .",
"title": "John Pretyman Newman"
},
{
"text": " Following education at Charterhouse School and Trinity College , Cambridge , Newman received a commission in the 5th Battalion , Royal Munster Fusiliers . He was appointed a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for County Cork . In 1898 he served as the countys high sheriff .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Newman was married twice . In 1895 he married the Hon . Olivia Anne Plunket , daughter of the 4th Baron Plunkett , who died in 1896 . In 1898 he wed Geraldine Ina Olivia Pretyman , daughter of Colonel William Pretyman of the Kings Royal Rifle Corps , and he assumed the additional surname of Pretyman in place of Bramston . The couple made their home at 79 Eaton Square in the Belgravia district of London . His second wife died in October 1935 .",
"title": "Marriages"
},
{
"text": "In 1906 he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Walthamstow as a Conservative candidate . At the next general election in January 1910 he stood at Enfield , Middlesex . The seat was considered to be a safe Liberal constituency , but Newman managed to unseat the sitting member of parliament , James Branch by 1,242 votes . A further general election was held in December of the same year , and Newman held the seat with a reduced majority of 936 votes . During the First World War Newman served with the Middlesex Regiment on the Western Front ,",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "reaching the rank of major .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Due to the First World War no further election was held until 1918 . The Representation of the People Act 1918 redrew constituencies throughout Great Britain , and Newman was elected as first member of parliament for the new Finchley constituency , which included part of the existing Enfield seat . He held the seat at the 1922 election , but was defeated by his Liberal opponent , T A Robertson , when a further election was called in 1923 . He was knighted in February 1924 as part of the resignation hours of Stanley Baldwin .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Newman was on the right wing of Conservative politics . He expressed admiration for fascism in his role as vice-president of the Middle Class Union formed in 1919 as an Anti-Socialist group to maintain public services in the event of strike action .",
"title": "Middle Class Union"
},
{
"text": " Newman was the director of a number of companies including Allied Cement and Stream-Line Filters . In 1928 , while chairman of Perfecta Meters Limited , he wrote a letter to a shareholder of the company making allegations against the managing director of the company . Newman was found guilty of libel , and damages of 1,500 pounds were awarded against him . Newman died on 12 March 1947 in Farnham , Surrey , and was cremated in Woking two days later .",
"title": "Later life"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Pretyman_Newman#P39#2
|
Which position did John Pretyman Newman hold in Jan 1921?
|
John Pretyman Newman Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Robert Pretyman Newman ( born John Robert Bramston Newman ; 22 August 1871 – 12 March 1947 ) was an Irish-born British Army officer and Conservative politician . He was the eldest son of John Adam Richard Newman of Newberry Manor , Mallow , County Cork and his wife Matilda née Bramston of Llangefni , Anglesey . Early life . Following education at Charterhouse School and Trinity College , Cambridge , Newman received a commission in the 5th Battalion , Royal Munster Fusiliers . He was appointed a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for County Cork . In 1898 he served as the countys high sheriff . Marriages . Newman was married twice . In 1895 he married the Hon . Olivia Anne Plunket , daughter of the 4th Baron Plunkett , who died in 1896 . In 1898 he wed Geraldine Ina Olivia Pretyman , daughter of Colonel William Pretyman of the Kings Royal Rifle Corps , and he assumed the additional surname of Pretyman in place of Bramston . The couple made their home at 79 Eaton Square in the Belgravia district of London . His second wife died in October 1935 . Political career . Member of parliament for Enfield . In 1906 he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Walthamstow as a Conservative candidate . At the next general election in January 1910 he stood at Enfield , Middlesex . The seat was considered to be a safe Liberal constituency , but Newman managed to unseat the sitting member of parliament , James Branch by 1,242 votes . A further general election was held in December of the same year , and Newman held the seat with a reduced majority of 936 votes . During the First World War Newman served with the Middlesex Regiment on the Western Front , reaching the rank of major . Member of parliament for Finchley . Due to the First World War no further election was held until 1918 . The Representation of the People Act 1918 redrew constituencies throughout Great Britain , and Newman was elected as first member of parliament for the new Finchley constituency , which included part of the existing Enfield seat . He held the seat at the 1922 election , but was defeated by his Liberal opponent , T A Robertson , when a further election was called in 1923 . He was knighted in February 1924 as part of the resignation hours of Stanley Baldwin . Middle Class Union . Newman was on the right wing of Conservative politics . He expressed admiration for fascism in his role as vice-president of the Middle Class Union formed in 1919 as an Anti-Socialist group to maintain public services in the event of strike action . Later life . Newman was the director of a number of companies including Allied Cement and Stream-Line Filters . In 1928 , while chairman of Perfecta Meters Limited , he wrote a letter to a shareholder of the company making allegations against the managing director of the company . Newman was found guilty of libel , and damages of 1,500 pounds were awarded against him . Newman died on 12 March 1947 in Farnham , Surrey , and was cremated in Woking two days later .
|
[
"Member of parliament for Finchley"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Robert Pretyman Newman ( born John Robert Bramston Newman ; 22 August 1871 – 12 March 1947 ) was an Irish-born British Army officer and Conservative politician . He was the eldest son of John Adam Richard Newman of Newberry Manor , Mallow , County Cork and his wife Matilda née Bramston of Llangefni , Anglesey .",
"title": "John Pretyman Newman"
},
{
"text": " Following education at Charterhouse School and Trinity College , Cambridge , Newman received a commission in the 5th Battalion , Royal Munster Fusiliers . He was appointed a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for County Cork . In 1898 he served as the countys high sheriff .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Newman was married twice . In 1895 he married the Hon . Olivia Anne Plunket , daughter of the 4th Baron Plunkett , who died in 1896 . In 1898 he wed Geraldine Ina Olivia Pretyman , daughter of Colonel William Pretyman of the Kings Royal Rifle Corps , and he assumed the additional surname of Pretyman in place of Bramston . The couple made their home at 79 Eaton Square in the Belgravia district of London . His second wife died in October 1935 .",
"title": "Marriages"
},
{
"text": "In 1906 he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Walthamstow as a Conservative candidate . At the next general election in January 1910 he stood at Enfield , Middlesex . The seat was considered to be a safe Liberal constituency , but Newman managed to unseat the sitting member of parliament , James Branch by 1,242 votes . A further general election was held in December of the same year , and Newman held the seat with a reduced majority of 936 votes . During the First World War Newman served with the Middlesex Regiment on the Western Front ,",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "reaching the rank of major .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Due to the First World War no further election was held until 1918 . The Representation of the People Act 1918 redrew constituencies throughout Great Britain , and Newman was elected as first member of parliament for the new Finchley constituency , which included part of the existing Enfield seat . He held the seat at the 1922 election , but was defeated by his Liberal opponent , T A Robertson , when a further election was called in 1923 . He was knighted in February 1924 as part of the resignation hours of Stanley Baldwin .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Newman was on the right wing of Conservative politics . He expressed admiration for fascism in his role as vice-president of the Middle Class Union formed in 1919 as an Anti-Socialist group to maintain public services in the event of strike action .",
"title": "Middle Class Union"
},
{
"text": " Newman was the director of a number of companies including Allied Cement and Stream-Line Filters . In 1928 , while chairman of Perfecta Meters Limited , he wrote a letter to a shareholder of the company making allegations against the managing director of the company . Newman was found guilty of libel , and damages of 1,500 pounds were awarded against him . Newman died on 12 March 1947 in Farnham , Surrey , and was cremated in Woking two days later .",
"title": "Later life"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Pretyman_Newman#P39#3
|
Which position did John Pretyman Newman hold after Nov 1923?
|
John Pretyman Newman Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Robert Pretyman Newman ( born John Robert Bramston Newman ; 22 August 1871 – 12 March 1947 ) was an Irish-born British Army officer and Conservative politician . He was the eldest son of John Adam Richard Newman of Newberry Manor , Mallow , County Cork and his wife Matilda née Bramston of Llangefni , Anglesey . Early life . Following education at Charterhouse School and Trinity College , Cambridge , Newman received a commission in the 5th Battalion , Royal Munster Fusiliers . He was appointed a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for County Cork . In 1898 he served as the countys high sheriff . Marriages . Newman was married twice . In 1895 he married the Hon . Olivia Anne Plunket , daughter of the 4th Baron Plunkett , who died in 1896 . In 1898 he wed Geraldine Ina Olivia Pretyman , daughter of Colonel William Pretyman of the Kings Royal Rifle Corps , and he assumed the additional surname of Pretyman in place of Bramston . The couple made their home at 79 Eaton Square in the Belgravia district of London . His second wife died in October 1935 . Political career . Member of parliament for Enfield . In 1906 he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Walthamstow as a Conservative candidate . At the next general election in January 1910 he stood at Enfield , Middlesex . The seat was considered to be a safe Liberal constituency , but Newman managed to unseat the sitting member of parliament , James Branch by 1,242 votes . A further general election was held in December of the same year , and Newman held the seat with a reduced majority of 936 votes . During the First World War Newman served with the Middlesex Regiment on the Western Front , reaching the rank of major . Member of parliament for Finchley . Due to the First World War no further election was held until 1918 . The Representation of the People Act 1918 redrew constituencies throughout Great Britain , and Newman was elected as first member of parliament for the new Finchley constituency , which included part of the existing Enfield seat . He held the seat at the 1922 election , but was defeated by his Liberal opponent , T A Robertson , when a further election was called in 1923 . He was knighted in February 1924 as part of the resignation hours of Stanley Baldwin . Middle Class Union . Newman was on the right wing of Conservative politics . He expressed admiration for fascism in his role as vice-president of the Middle Class Union formed in 1919 as an Anti-Socialist group to maintain public services in the event of strike action . Later life . Newman was the director of a number of companies including Allied Cement and Stream-Line Filters . In 1928 , while chairman of Perfecta Meters Limited , he wrote a letter to a shareholder of the company making allegations against the managing director of the company . Newman was found guilty of libel , and damages of 1,500 pounds were awarded against him . Newman died on 12 March 1947 in Farnham , Surrey , and was cremated in Woking two days later .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Robert Pretyman Newman ( born John Robert Bramston Newman ; 22 August 1871 – 12 March 1947 ) was an Irish-born British Army officer and Conservative politician . He was the eldest son of John Adam Richard Newman of Newberry Manor , Mallow , County Cork and his wife Matilda née Bramston of Llangefni , Anglesey .",
"title": "John Pretyman Newman"
},
{
"text": " Following education at Charterhouse School and Trinity College , Cambridge , Newman received a commission in the 5th Battalion , Royal Munster Fusiliers . He was appointed a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for County Cork . In 1898 he served as the countys high sheriff .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Newman was married twice . In 1895 he married the Hon . Olivia Anne Plunket , daughter of the 4th Baron Plunkett , who died in 1896 . In 1898 he wed Geraldine Ina Olivia Pretyman , daughter of Colonel William Pretyman of the Kings Royal Rifle Corps , and he assumed the additional surname of Pretyman in place of Bramston . The couple made their home at 79 Eaton Square in the Belgravia district of London . His second wife died in October 1935 .",
"title": "Marriages"
},
{
"text": "In 1906 he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Walthamstow as a Conservative candidate . At the next general election in January 1910 he stood at Enfield , Middlesex . The seat was considered to be a safe Liberal constituency , but Newman managed to unseat the sitting member of parliament , James Branch by 1,242 votes . A further general election was held in December of the same year , and Newman held the seat with a reduced majority of 936 votes . During the First World War Newman served with the Middlesex Regiment on the Western Front ,",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "reaching the rank of major .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Due to the First World War no further election was held until 1918 . The Representation of the People Act 1918 redrew constituencies throughout Great Britain , and Newman was elected as first member of parliament for the new Finchley constituency , which included part of the existing Enfield seat . He held the seat at the 1922 election , but was defeated by his Liberal opponent , T A Robertson , when a further election was called in 1923 . He was knighted in February 1924 as part of the resignation hours of Stanley Baldwin .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Newman was on the right wing of Conservative politics . He expressed admiration for fascism in his role as vice-president of the Middle Class Union formed in 1919 as an Anti-Socialist group to maintain public services in the event of strike action .",
"title": "Middle Class Union"
},
{
"text": " Newman was the director of a number of companies including Allied Cement and Stream-Line Filters . In 1928 , while chairman of Perfecta Meters Limited , he wrote a letter to a shareholder of the company making allegations against the managing director of the company . Newman was found guilty of libel , and damages of 1,500 pounds were awarded against him . Newman died on 12 March 1947 in Farnham , Surrey , and was cremated in Woking two days later .",
"title": "Later life"
}
] |
/wiki/Nicolás_Otamendi#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Nicolás Otamendi belong to in Jun 2008?
|
Nicolás Otamendi Nicolás Hernán Gonzalo Otamendi ( born 12 February 1988 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Argentina national team . Otamendi played for Vélez Sarsfield and Porto in his early career , winning eight major titles with Porto , including three Primeira Liga championships and the 2011 Europa League . He signed for Valencia in 2014 and spent four months on loan to Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . In 2015 he moved to Manchester City and won the Premier League in 2017–18 and 2018–19 , as well as four League Cups and an FA Cup . An Argentina international since 2009 , Otamendi represented his country at two World Cups and three Copas América , in which he contributed to consecutive runner-up finishes . Club career . Vélez . Born in Buenos Aires , Otamendi made his Primera División debut for Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield on 10 May 2008 , in a 2–1 home win against Rosario Central for the Clausura tournament . During manager Hugo Tocallis spell he was only fifth-choice stopper , behind Waldo Ponce , Fernando Tobio , Marco Torsiglieri and Mariano Uglessich . However , his role in the first team changed during Ricardo Garecas first season as head coach , the 2009 Clausura : he replaced Ponce for the third game after the Chilean was injured while playing for his national team , and eventually won a starting position alongside Sebastián Domínguez , playing 17 of the 19 games in Vélezs winning campaign . Otamendi scored his first professional goal during the 2009 Apertura , in a 3–1 victory over Arsenal de Sarandí . During that season he also made his debuts in an international club competition , appearing in the Copa Sudamericana ; in recognition of his performances throughout the year he was chosen for the South American Team of the Year , in a traditional continent-wide journalists poll conducted by the newspaper El País . Porto . On 23 August 2010 , Otamendi was transferred to Portuguese side FC Porto on a €4 million fee , signing a five-year contract . Vélez also retained 50% of his registration rights , with the player having a pre-set price of another €4 million to be met by Porto prior to September 2011 . He netted in his first match , a 2–0 home victory over S.C . Olhanense , finishing his first season with 15 appearances and five goals ( notably both in a 2–0 away win against S.C . Braga ) as the northerners won the Primeira Liga championship . On 6 September 2011 , Porto exercised the rights to sign the remainder of Otamendis playing rights . He played 30 official games during the season to help the club to another two major titles , notably the back-to-back domestic league . Valencia . On 5 February 2014 , Otamendi was sold to Valencia CF in La Liga for €12 million , on a five-year contract starting on 1 July . He was immediately loaned to Clube Atlético Mineiro in Brazil , and played 19 times for the team from Belo Horizonte , scoring once to open a 4–1 win at city rivals América Futebol Clube ( MG ) on 23 March in the first leg of the semi-finals of the state championship . Otamendi made his debut in the Spanish top level on 23 August 2014 , starting in a 1–1 away draw against Sevilla FC . He scored his first goal for his new club on 4 October , helping to a 3–1 home success over Atlético Madrid . On 4 January 2015 , Otamendi headed Valencias winner in a 2–1 home win over Real Madrid , ending their opponents club record 22-match winning streak as a result . After helping Los Che qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in four years , becoming the first club stopper to score six goals in the league in the process , he was the only player from his team to be named in the La Liga Team of the Year . Manchester City . Late into the 2015 pre-season , Otamendi refused to train or play with Valencia to avoid thwarting his chances of signing with another club . On 20 August , he joined Manchester City on a five-year deal for a fee of £32 million . He made his debut on 15 September , coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Vincent Kompany in a 1–2 home loss against Juventus for the Champions League group phase ; his Premier League debut came four days later , in a 1–2 defeat to West Ham United at the City of Manchester Stadium . On 31 October 2015 , Otamendi scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home win over Norwich City . He played the full 120 minutes as they won the Football League Cup on 28 February 2016 , defeating Liverpool on a penalty shootout in the final . On 10 December 2017 , Otamendi scored the winning goal in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford , helping City stretch their lead at the top of the Premier League to 11 points . City would go on to lift the Premier League title that season with a record-breaking 100 points , this was Otamendis first league title in England . On 18 April 2018 , Otamendi was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Manchester City teammates Kyle Walker , David Silva , Kevin De Bruyne and Sergio Agüero . In the 2018-19 season , Otamendi helped Manchester City become the first English side to win a domestic mens treble , consisting of the League Cup , Premier League title and FA Cup . In his final season at Manchester City , Otamendi made 39 appearances in total . He also helped his side retain the League Cup for the third season in a row in March 2020 , his final trophy with City . Benfica . On 29 September 2020 , Otamendi joined Benfica on a three-year contract , for a €15 million fee , with Benfica defender Ruben Dias moving to Manchester City in exchange . He made his league debut in a 3–2 win against Farense on 4 October . Otamendi was at fault for both of Farenses goals and conceded a penalty during the match . In Benficas UEFA Europa League group stage clash with Rangers on 5 November , Otamendi received a straight red card in the 19th minute for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity ; Benfica would fall 1–3 down but eventually earn a 3–3 draw . International career . In April 2009 , Otamendi was called up by Argentine national team coach Diego Maradona for a friendly with Panama . At the time of his selection he had only played 11 professional games , and eventually started the match on 20 May , in a 3–1 win . During the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign , Otamendi played as a centre back alongside Martín Demichelis against Ecuador ( 0–2 away loss ) , partnered former Vélez teammate Domínguez against Brazil in a 1–3 home defeat and appeared as a right back in a 1–0 win in Uruguay which sealed the countrys qualification to South Africa . On 19 May 2010 he was confirmed as part of the 23-men squad for the final stages , featuring in the starting eleven for the final group stage game against Greece ; on the press conference after the match , Maradona said that , in his opinion , he was the best player on the field . Otamendi also played the 90 minutes of the round-of-16 game against Mexico , which Argentina won by 3–1 . His final appearance in the tournament was the 0–4 quarter-final loss to Germany : this time his performance received criticism by the football press , as did his managers decision to improvise him on the right-back position ; however , the player subsequently stated his desire to always play for his national team , even if not in his natural position . Otamendi scored his first goal for Argentina on 2 September 2011 , in a 1–0 friendly win over Venezuela in Kolkata , after heading a corner taken by Lionel Messi . After being cut from the squad that later appeared at the 2014 World Cup , he was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América , playing the entirety of all but one match as they lost to hosts Chile on a penalty shootout in the final ; he was named in the Team of the Tournament . Otamendi started all the games in the Copa América Centenario in the United States , in which Argentina again both faced Chile in the tournament final and lost in a penalty shootout , 2–4 . In the second group match against Panama , on 10 June 2016 , he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win . Otamendi was included in the squad for the 2018 World Cup . Honours . Vélez - Argentine Primera División : 2009 Clausura Porto - Primeira Liga : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Taça de Portugal : 2010–11 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2011 , 2012 , 2013 - UEFA Europa League : 2010–11 - Taça da Liga runner-up : 2012–13 Manchester City - Premier League : 2017–18 , 2018–19 - FA Cup : 2018–19 - Football League/EFL Cup : 2015–16 , 2017–18 , 2018–19 , 2019–20 - FA Community Shield : 2018 , 2019 Argentina - Copa América runner-up : 2015 , 2016 - superclasico de las americas 2019 Individual - South American Team of the Year : 2009 - La Liga Team of the Season : 2014–15 - Copa América Team of the Tournament : 2015 , 2016 - PFA Team of the Year : 2017–18 Premier League External links . - Vélez Sarsfield official profile - Argentine League statistics
|
[
"Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nicolás Hernán Gonzalo Otamendi ( born 12 February 1988 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Argentina national team .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi played for Vélez Sarsfield and Porto in his early career , winning eight major titles with Porto , including three Primeira Liga championships and the 2011 Europa League . He signed for Valencia in 2014 and spent four months on loan to Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . In 2015 he moved to Manchester City and won the Premier League in 2017–18 and 2018–19 , as well as four League Cups and an FA Cup .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": " An Argentina international since 2009 , Otamendi represented his country at two World Cups and three Copas América , in which he contributed to consecutive runner-up finishes .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": "Born in Buenos Aires , Otamendi made his Primera División debut for Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield on 10 May 2008 , in a 2–1 home win against Rosario Central for the Clausura tournament . During manager Hugo Tocallis spell he was only fifth-choice stopper , behind Waldo Ponce , Fernando Tobio , Marco Torsiglieri and Mariano Uglessich . However , his role in the first team changed during Ricardo Garecas first season as head coach , the 2009 Clausura : he replaced Ponce for the third game after the Chilean was injured while playing for his national team , and",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": "eventually won a starting position alongside Sebastián Domínguez , playing 17 of the 19 games in Vélezs winning campaign .",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi scored his first professional goal during the 2009 Apertura , in a 3–1 victory over Arsenal de Sarandí . During that season he also made his debuts in an international club competition , appearing in the Copa Sudamericana ; in recognition of his performances throughout the year he was chosen for the South American Team of the Year , in a traditional continent-wide journalists poll conducted by the newspaper El País .",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": "On 23 August 2010 , Otamendi was transferred to Portuguese side FC Porto on a €4 million fee , signing a five-year contract . Vélez also retained 50% of his registration rights , with the player having a pre-set price of another €4 million to be met by Porto prior to September 2011 . He netted in his first match , a 2–0 home victory over S.C . Olhanense , finishing his first season with 15 appearances and five goals ( notably both in a 2–0 away win against S.C . Braga ) as the northerners won the Primeira Liga",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": "championship .",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " On 6 September 2011 , Porto exercised the rights to sign the remainder of Otamendis playing rights . He played 30 official games during the season to help the club to another two major titles , notably the back-to-back domestic league .",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " On 5 February 2014 , Otamendi was sold to Valencia CF in La Liga for €12 million , on a five-year contract starting on 1 July . He was immediately loaned to Clube Atlético Mineiro in Brazil , and played 19 times for the team from Belo Horizonte , scoring once to open a 4–1 win at city rivals América Futebol Clube ( MG ) on 23 March in the first leg of the semi-finals of the state championship .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi made his debut in the Spanish top level on 23 August 2014 , starting in a 1–1 away draw against Sevilla FC . He scored his first goal for his new club on 4 October , helping to a 3–1 home success over Atlético Madrid .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": " On 4 January 2015 , Otamendi headed Valencias winner in a 2–1 home win over Real Madrid , ending their opponents club record 22-match winning streak as a result . After helping Los Che qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in four years , becoming the first club stopper to score six goals in the league in the process , he was the only player from his team to be named in the La Liga Team of the Year .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": " Late into the 2015 pre-season , Otamendi refused to train or play with Valencia to avoid thwarting his chances of signing with another club . On 20 August , he joined Manchester City on a five-year deal for a fee of £32 million . He made his debut on 15 September , coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Vincent Kompany in a 1–2 home loss against Juventus for the Champions League group phase ; his Premier League debut came four days later , in a 1–2 defeat to West Ham United at the City of Manchester Stadium .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "On 31 October 2015 , Otamendi scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home win over Norwich City . He played the full 120 minutes as they won the Football League Cup on 28 February 2016 , defeating Liverpool on a penalty shootout in the final .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " On 10 December 2017 , Otamendi scored the winning goal in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford , helping City stretch their lead at the top of the Premier League to 11 points . City would go on to lift the Premier League title that season with a record-breaking 100 points , this was Otamendis first league title in England . On 18 April 2018 , Otamendi was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Manchester City teammates Kyle Walker , David Silva , Kevin De Bruyne and Sergio Agüero .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "In the 2018-19 season , Otamendi helped Manchester City become the first English side to win a domestic mens treble , consisting of the League Cup , Premier League title and FA Cup .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " In his final season at Manchester City , Otamendi made 39 appearances in total . He also helped his side retain the League Cup for the third season in a row in March 2020 , his final trophy with City .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "On 29 September 2020 , Otamendi joined Benfica on a three-year contract , for a €15 million fee , with Benfica defender Ruben Dias moving to Manchester City in exchange . He made his league debut in a 3–2 win against Farense on 4 October . Otamendi was at fault for both of Farenses goals and conceded a penalty during the match . In Benficas UEFA Europa League group stage clash with Rangers on 5 November , Otamendi received a straight red card in the 19th minute for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity ; Benfica would fall 1–3 down but",
"title": "Benfica"
},
{
"text": "eventually earn a 3–3 draw .",
"title": "Benfica"
},
{
"text": " In April 2009 , Otamendi was called up by Argentine national team coach Diego Maradona for a friendly with Panama . At the time of his selection he had only played 11 professional games , and eventually started the match on 20 May , in a 3–1 win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign , Otamendi played as a centre back alongside Martín Demichelis against Ecuador ( 0–2 away loss ) , partnered former Vélez teammate Domínguez against Brazil in a 1–3 home defeat and appeared as a right back in a 1–0 win in Uruguay which sealed the countrys qualification to South Africa . On 19 May 2010 he was confirmed as part of the 23-men squad for the final stages , featuring in the starting eleven for the final group stage game against Greece ; on the press conference after the match , Maradona",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "said that , in his opinion , he was the best player on the field .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi also played the 90 minutes of the round-of-16 game against Mexico , which Argentina won by 3–1 . His final appearance in the tournament was the 0–4 quarter-final loss to Germany : this time his performance received criticism by the football press , as did his managers decision to improvise him on the right-back position ; however , the player subsequently stated his desire to always play for his national team , even if not in his natural position .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi scored his first goal for Argentina on 2 September 2011 , in a 1–0 friendly win over Venezuela in Kolkata , after heading a corner taken by Lionel Messi . After being cut from the squad that later appeared at the 2014 World Cup , he was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América , playing the entirety of all but one match as they lost to hosts Chile on a penalty shootout in the final ; he was named in the Team of the Tournament .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi started all the games in the Copa América Centenario in the United States , in which Argentina again both faced Chile in the tournament final and lost in a penalty shootout , 2–4 . In the second group match against Panama , on 10 June 2016 , he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win . Otamendi was included in the squad for the 2018 World Cup .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Primeira Liga : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Taça de Portugal : 2010–11 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2011 , 2012 , 2013 - UEFA Europa League : 2010–11 - Taça da Liga runner-up : 2012–13",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " - Premier League : 2017–18 , 2018–19 - FA Cup : 2018–19 - Football League/EFL Cup : 2015–16 , 2017–18 , 2018–19 , 2019–20 - FA Community Shield : 2018 , 2019",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " - South American Team of the Year : 2009 - La Liga Team of the Season : 2014–15 - Copa América Team of the Tournament : 2015 , 2016 - PFA Team of the Year : 2017–18 Premier League",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Vélez Sarsfield official profile - Argentine League statistics",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nicolás_Otamendi#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Nicolás Otamendi belong to between Aug 2009 and Nov 2009?
|
Nicolás Otamendi Nicolás Hernán Gonzalo Otamendi ( born 12 February 1988 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Argentina national team . Otamendi played for Vélez Sarsfield and Porto in his early career , winning eight major titles with Porto , including three Primeira Liga championships and the 2011 Europa League . He signed for Valencia in 2014 and spent four months on loan to Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . In 2015 he moved to Manchester City and won the Premier League in 2017–18 and 2018–19 , as well as four League Cups and an FA Cup . An Argentina international since 2009 , Otamendi represented his country at two World Cups and three Copas América , in which he contributed to consecutive runner-up finishes . Club career . Vélez . Born in Buenos Aires , Otamendi made his Primera División debut for Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield on 10 May 2008 , in a 2–1 home win against Rosario Central for the Clausura tournament . During manager Hugo Tocallis spell he was only fifth-choice stopper , behind Waldo Ponce , Fernando Tobio , Marco Torsiglieri and Mariano Uglessich . However , his role in the first team changed during Ricardo Garecas first season as head coach , the 2009 Clausura : he replaced Ponce for the third game after the Chilean was injured while playing for his national team , and eventually won a starting position alongside Sebastián Domínguez , playing 17 of the 19 games in Vélezs winning campaign . Otamendi scored his first professional goal during the 2009 Apertura , in a 3–1 victory over Arsenal de Sarandí . During that season he also made his debuts in an international club competition , appearing in the Copa Sudamericana ; in recognition of his performances throughout the year he was chosen for the South American Team of the Year , in a traditional continent-wide journalists poll conducted by the newspaper El País . Porto . On 23 August 2010 , Otamendi was transferred to Portuguese side FC Porto on a €4 million fee , signing a five-year contract . Vélez also retained 50% of his registration rights , with the player having a pre-set price of another €4 million to be met by Porto prior to September 2011 . He netted in his first match , a 2–0 home victory over S.C . Olhanense , finishing his first season with 15 appearances and five goals ( notably both in a 2–0 away win against S.C . Braga ) as the northerners won the Primeira Liga championship . On 6 September 2011 , Porto exercised the rights to sign the remainder of Otamendis playing rights . He played 30 official games during the season to help the club to another two major titles , notably the back-to-back domestic league . Valencia . On 5 February 2014 , Otamendi was sold to Valencia CF in La Liga for €12 million , on a five-year contract starting on 1 July . He was immediately loaned to Clube Atlético Mineiro in Brazil , and played 19 times for the team from Belo Horizonte , scoring once to open a 4–1 win at city rivals América Futebol Clube ( MG ) on 23 March in the first leg of the semi-finals of the state championship . Otamendi made his debut in the Spanish top level on 23 August 2014 , starting in a 1–1 away draw against Sevilla FC . He scored his first goal for his new club on 4 October , helping to a 3–1 home success over Atlético Madrid . On 4 January 2015 , Otamendi headed Valencias winner in a 2–1 home win over Real Madrid , ending their opponents club record 22-match winning streak as a result . After helping Los Che qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in four years , becoming the first club stopper to score six goals in the league in the process , he was the only player from his team to be named in the La Liga Team of the Year . Manchester City . Late into the 2015 pre-season , Otamendi refused to train or play with Valencia to avoid thwarting his chances of signing with another club . On 20 August , he joined Manchester City on a five-year deal for a fee of £32 million . He made his debut on 15 September , coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Vincent Kompany in a 1–2 home loss against Juventus for the Champions League group phase ; his Premier League debut came four days later , in a 1–2 defeat to West Ham United at the City of Manchester Stadium . On 31 October 2015 , Otamendi scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home win over Norwich City . He played the full 120 minutes as they won the Football League Cup on 28 February 2016 , defeating Liverpool on a penalty shootout in the final . On 10 December 2017 , Otamendi scored the winning goal in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford , helping City stretch their lead at the top of the Premier League to 11 points . City would go on to lift the Premier League title that season with a record-breaking 100 points , this was Otamendis first league title in England . On 18 April 2018 , Otamendi was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Manchester City teammates Kyle Walker , David Silva , Kevin De Bruyne and Sergio Agüero . In the 2018-19 season , Otamendi helped Manchester City become the first English side to win a domestic mens treble , consisting of the League Cup , Premier League title and FA Cup . In his final season at Manchester City , Otamendi made 39 appearances in total . He also helped his side retain the League Cup for the third season in a row in March 2020 , his final trophy with City . Benfica . On 29 September 2020 , Otamendi joined Benfica on a three-year contract , for a €15 million fee , with Benfica defender Ruben Dias moving to Manchester City in exchange . He made his league debut in a 3–2 win against Farense on 4 October . Otamendi was at fault for both of Farenses goals and conceded a penalty during the match . In Benficas UEFA Europa League group stage clash with Rangers on 5 November , Otamendi received a straight red card in the 19th minute for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity ; Benfica would fall 1–3 down but eventually earn a 3–3 draw . International career . In April 2009 , Otamendi was called up by Argentine national team coach Diego Maradona for a friendly with Panama . At the time of his selection he had only played 11 professional games , and eventually started the match on 20 May , in a 3–1 win . During the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign , Otamendi played as a centre back alongside Martín Demichelis against Ecuador ( 0–2 away loss ) , partnered former Vélez teammate Domínguez against Brazil in a 1–3 home defeat and appeared as a right back in a 1–0 win in Uruguay which sealed the countrys qualification to South Africa . On 19 May 2010 he was confirmed as part of the 23-men squad for the final stages , featuring in the starting eleven for the final group stage game against Greece ; on the press conference after the match , Maradona said that , in his opinion , he was the best player on the field . Otamendi also played the 90 minutes of the round-of-16 game against Mexico , which Argentina won by 3–1 . His final appearance in the tournament was the 0–4 quarter-final loss to Germany : this time his performance received criticism by the football press , as did his managers decision to improvise him on the right-back position ; however , the player subsequently stated his desire to always play for his national team , even if not in his natural position . Otamendi scored his first goal for Argentina on 2 September 2011 , in a 1–0 friendly win over Venezuela in Kolkata , after heading a corner taken by Lionel Messi . After being cut from the squad that later appeared at the 2014 World Cup , he was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América , playing the entirety of all but one match as they lost to hosts Chile on a penalty shootout in the final ; he was named in the Team of the Tournament . Otamendi started all the games in the Copa América Centenario in the United States , in which Argentina again both faced Chile in the tournament final and lost in a penalty shootout , 2–4 . In the second group match against Panama , on 10 June 2016 , he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win . Otamendi was included in the squad for the 2018 World Cup . Honours . Vélez - Argentine Primera División : 2009 Clausura Porto - Primeira Liga : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Taça de Portugal : 2010–11 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2011 , 2012 , 2013 - UEFA Europa League : 2010–11 - Taça da Liga runner-up : 2012–13 Manchester City - Premier League : 2017–18 , 2018–19 - FA Cup : 2018–19 - Football League/EFL Cup : 2015–16 , 2017–18 , 2018–19 , 2019–20 - FA Community Shield : 2018 , 2019 Argentina - Copa América runner-up : 2015 , 2016 - superclasico de las americas 2019 Individual - South American Team of the Year : 2009 - La Liga Team of the Season : 2014–15 - Copa América Team of the Tournament : 2015 , 2016 - PFA Team of the Year : 2017–18 Premier League External links . - Vélez Sarsfield official profile - Argentine League statistics
|
[
"Argentine national team"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nicolás Hernán Gonzalo Otamendi ( born 12 February 1988 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Argentina national team .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi played for Vélez Sarsfield and Porto in his early career , winning eight major titles with Porto , including three Primeira Liga championships and the 2011 Europa League . He signed for Valencia in 2014 and spent four months on loan to Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . In 2015 he moved to Manchester City and won the Premier League in 2017–18 and 2018–19 , as well as four League Cups and an FA Cup .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": " An Argentina international since 2009 , Otamendi represented his country at two World Cups and three Copas América , in which he contributed to consecutive runner-up finishes .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": "Born in Buenos Aires , Otamendi made his Primera División debut for Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield on 10 May 2008 , in a 2–1 home win against Rosario Central for the Clausura tournament . During manager Hugo Tocallis spell he was only fifth-choice stopper , behind Waldo Ponce , Fernando Tobio , Marco Torsiglieri and Mariano Uglessich . However , his role in the first team changed during Ricardo Garecas first season as head coach , the 2009 Clausura : he replaced Ponce for the third game after the Chilean was injured while playing for his national team , and",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": "eventually won a starting position alongside Sebastián Domínguez , playing 17 of the 19 games in Vélezs winning campaign .",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi scored his first professional goal during the 2009 Apertura , in a 3–1 victory over Arsenal de Sarandí . During that season he also made his debuts in an international club competition , appearing in the Copa Sudamericana ; in recognition of his performances throughout the year he was chosen for the South American Team of the Year , in a traditional continent-wide journalists poll conducted by the newspaper El País .",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": "On 23 August 2010 , Otamendi was transferred to Portuguese side FC Porto on a €4 million fee , signing a five-year contract . Vélez also retained 50% of his registration rights , with the player having a pre-set price of another €4 million to be met by Porto prior to September 2011 . He netted in his first match , a 2–0 home victory over S.C . Olhanense , finishing his first season with 15 appearances and five goals ( notably both in a 2–0 away win against S.C . Braga ) as the northerners won the Primeira Liga",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": "championship .",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " On 6 September 2011 , Porto exercised the rights to sign the remainder of Otamendis playing rights . He played 30 official games during the season to help the club to another two major titles , notably the back-to-back domestic league .",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " On 5 February 2014 , Otamendi was sold to Valencia CF in La Liga for €12 million , on a five-year contract starting on 1 July . He was immediately loaned to Clube Atlético Mineiro in Brazil , and played 19 times for the team from Belo Horizonte , scoring once to open a 4–1 win at city rivals América Futebol Clube ( MG ) on 23 March in the first leg of the semi-finals of the state championship .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi made his debut in the Spanish top level on 23 August 2014 , starting in a 1–1 away draw against Sevilla FC . He scored his first goal for his new club on 4 October , helping to a 3–1 home success over Atlético Madrid .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": " On 4 January 2015 , Otamendi headed Valencias winner in a 2–1 home win over Real Madrid , ending their opponents club record 22-match winning streak as a result . After helping Los Che qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in four years , becoming the first club stopper to score six goals in the league in the process , he was the only player from his team to be named in the La Liga Team of the Year .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": " Late into the 2015 pre-season , Otamendi refused to train or play with Valencia to avoid thwarting his chances of signing with another club . On 20 August , he joined Manchester City on a five-year deal for a fee of £32 million . He made his debut on 15 September , coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Vincent Kompany in a 1–2 home loss against Juventus for the Champions League group phase ; his Premier League debut came four days later , in a 1–2 defeat to West Ham United at the City of Manchester Stadium .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "On 31 October 2015 , Otamendi scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home win over Norwich City . He played the full 120 minutes as they won the Football League Cup on 28 February 2016 , defeating Liverpool on a penalty shootout in the final .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " On 10 December 2017 , Otamendi scored the winning goal in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford , helping City stretch their lead at the top of the Premier League to 11 points . City would go on to lift the Premier League title that season with a record-breaking 100 points , this was Otamendis first league title in England . On 18 April 2018 , Otamendi was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Manchester City teammates Kyle Walker , David Silva , Kevin De Bruyne and Sergio Agüero .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "In the 2018-19 season , Otamendi helped Manchester City become the first English side to win a domestic mens treble , consisting of the League Cup , Premier League title and FA Cup .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " In his final season at Manchester City , Otamendi made 39 appearances in total . He also helped his side retain the League Cup for the third season in a row in March 2020 , his final trophy with City .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "On 29 September 2020 , Otamendi joined Benfica on a three-year contract , for a €15 million fee , with Benfica defender Ruben Dias moving to Manchester City in exchange . He made his league debut in a 3–2 win against Farense on 4 October . Otamendi was at fault for both of Farenses goals and conceded a penalty during the match . In Benficas UEFA Europa League group stage clash with Rangers on 5 November , Otamendi received a straight red card in the 19th minute for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity ; Benfica would fall 1–3 down but",
"title": "Benfica"
},
{
"text": "eventually earn a 3–3 draw .",
"title": "Benfica"
},
{
"text": " In April 2009 , Otamendi was called up by Argentine national team coach Diego Maradona for a friendly with Panama . At the time of his selection he had only played 11 professional games , and eventually started the match on 20 May , in a 3–1 win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign , Otamendi played as a centre back alongside Martín Demichelis against Ecuador ( 0–2 away loss ) , partnered former Vélez teammate Domínguez against Brazil in a 1–3 home defeat and appeared as a right back in a 1–0 win in Uruguay which sealed the countrys qualification to South Africa . On 19 May 2010 he was confirmed as part of the 23-men squad for the final stages , featuring in the starting eleven for the final group stage game against Greece ; on the press conference after the match , Maradona",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "said that , in his opinion , he was the best player on the field .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi also played the 90 minutes of the round-of-16 game against Mexico , which Argentina won by 3–1 . His final appearance in the tournament was the 0–4 quarter-final loss to Germany : this time his performance received criticism by the football press , as did his managers decision to improvise him on the right-back position ; however , the player subsequently stated his desire to always play for his national team , even if not in his natural position .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi scored his first goal for Argentina on 2 September 2011 , in a 1–0 friendly win over Venezuela in Kolkata , after heading a corner taken by Lionel Messi . After being cut from the squad that later appeared at the 2014 World Cup , he was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América , playing the entirety of all but one match as they lost to hosts Chile on a penalty shootout in the final ; he was named in the Team of the Tournament .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi started all the games in the Copa América Centenario in the United States , in which Argentina again both faced Chile in the tournament final and lost in a penalty shootout , 2–4 . In the second group match against Panama , on 10 June 2016 , he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win . Otamendi was included in the squad for the 2018 World Cup .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Primeira Liga : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Taça de Portugal : 2010–11 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2011 , 2012 , 2013 - UEFA Europa League : 2010–11 - Taça da Liga runner-up : 2012–13",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " - Premier League : 2017–18 , 2018–19 - FA Cup : 2018–19 - Football League/EFL Cup : 2015–16 , 2017–18 , 2018–19 , 2019–20 - FA Community Shield : 2018 , 2019",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " - South American Team of the Year : 2009 - La Liga Team of the Season : 2014–15 - Copa América Team of the Tournament : 2015 , 2016 - PFA Team of the Year : 2017–18 Premier League",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Vélez Sarsfield official profile - Argentine League statistics",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nicolás_Otamendi#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Nicolás Otamendi belong to in Dec 2012?
|
Nicolás Otamendi Nicolás Hernán Gonzalo Otamendi ( born 12 February 1988 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Argentina national team . Otamendi played for Vélez Sarsfield and Porto in his early career , winning eight major titles with Porto , including three Primeira Liga championships and the 2011 Europa League . He signed for Valencia in 2014 and spent four months on loan to Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . In 2015 he moved to Manchester City and won the Premier League in 2017–18 and 2018–19 , as well as four League Cups and an FA Cup . An Argentina international since 2009 , Otamendi represented his country at two World Cups and three Copas América , in which he contributed to consecutive runner-up finishes . Club career . Vélez . Born in Buenos Aires , Otamendi made his Primera División debut for Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield on 10 May 2008 , in a 2–1 home win against Rosario Central for the Clausura tournament . During manager Hugo Tocallis spell he was only fifth-choice stopper , behind Waldo Ponce , Fernando Tobio , Marco Torsiglieri and Mariano Uglessich . However , his role in the first team changed during Ricardo Garecas first season as head coach , the 2009 Clausura : he replaced Ponce for the third game after the Chilean was injured while playing for his national team , and eventually won a starting position alongside Sebastián Domínguez , playing 17 of the 19 games in Vélezs winning campaign . Otamendi scored his first professional goal during the 2009 Apertura , in a 3–1 victory over Arsenal de Sarandí . During that season he also made his debuts in an international club competition , appearing in the Copa Sudamericana ; in recognition of his performances throughout the year he was chosen for the South American Team of the Year , in a traditional continent-wide journalists poll conducted by the newspaper El País . Porto . On 23 August 2010 , Otamendi was transferred to Portuguese side FC Porto on a €4 million fee , signing a five-year contract . Vélez also retained 50% of his registration rights , with the player having a pre-set price of another €4 million to be met by Porto prior to September 2011 . He netted in his first match , a 2–0 home victory over S.C . Olhanense , finishing his first season with 15 appearances and five goals ( notably both in a 2–0 away win against S.C . Braga ) as the northerners won the Primeira Liga championship . On 6 September 2011 , Porto exercised the rights to sign the remainder of Otamendis playing rights . He played 30 official games during the season to help the club to another two major titles , notably the back-to-back domestic league . Valencia . On 5 February 2014 , Otamendi was sold to Valencia CF in La Liga for €12 million , on a five-year contract starting on 1 July . He was immediately loaned to Clube Atlético Mineiro in Brazil , and played 19 times for the team from Belo Horizonte , scoring once to open a 4–1 win at city rivals América Futebol Clube ( MG ) on 23 March in the first leg of the semi-finals of the state championship . Otamendi made his debut in the Spanish top level on 23 August 2014 , starting in a 1–1 away draw against Sevilla FC . He scored his first goal for his new club on 4 October , helping to a 3–1 home success over Atlético Madrid . On 4 January 2015 , Otamendi headed Valencias winner in a 2–1 home win over Real Madrid , ending their opponents club record 22-match winning streak as a result . After helping Los Che qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in four years , becoming the first club stopper to score six goals in the league in the process , he was the only player from his team to be named in the La Liga Team of the Year . Manchester City . Late into the 2015 pre-season , Otamendi refused to train or play with Valencia to avoid thwarting his chances of signing with another club . On 20 August , he joined Manchester City on a five-year deal for a fee of £32 million . He made his debut on 15 September , coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Vincent Kompany in a 1–2 home loss against Juventus for the Champions League group phase ; his Premier League debut came four days later , in a 1–2 defeat to West Ham United at the City of Manchester Stadium . On 31 October 2015 , Otamendi scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home win over Norwich City . He played the full 120 minutes as they won the Football League Cup on 28 February 2016 , defeating Liverpool on a penalty shootout in the final . On 10 December 2017 , Otamendi scored the winning goal in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford , helping City stretch their lead at the top of the Premier League to 11 points . City would go on to lift the Premier League title that season with a record-breaking 100 points , this was Otamendis first league title in England . On 18 April 2018 , Otamendi was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Manchester City teammates Kyle Walker , David Silva , Kevin De Bruyne and Sergio Agüero . In the 2018-19 season , Otamendi helped Manchester City become the first English side to win a domestic mens treble , consisting of the League Cup , Premier League title and FA Cup . In his final season at Manchester City , Otamendi made 39 appearances in total . He also helped his side retain the League Cup for the third season in a row in March 2020 , his final trophy with City . Benfica . On 29 September 2020 , Otamendi joined Benfica on a three-year contract , for a €15 million fee , with Benfica defender Ruben Dias moving to Manchester City in exchange . He made his league debut in a 3–2 win against Farense on 4 October . Otamendi was at fault for both of Farenses goals and conceded a penalty during the match . In Benficas UEFA Europa League group stage clash with Rangers on 5 November , Otamendi received a straight red card in the 19th minute for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity ; Benfica would fall 1–3 down but eventually earn a 3–3 draw . International career . In April 2009 , Otamendi was called up by Argentine national team coach Diego Maradona for a friendly with Panama . At the time of his selection he had only played 11 professional games , and eventually started the match on 20 May , in a 3–1 win . During the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign , Otamendi played as a centre back alongside Martín Demichelis against Ecuador ( 0–2 away loss ) , partnered former Vélez teammate Domínguez against Brazil in a 1–3 home defeat and appeared as a right back in a 1–0 win in Uruguay which sealed the countrys qualification to South Africa . On 19 May 2010 he was confirmed as part of the 23-men squad for the final stages , featuring in the starting eleven for the final group stage game against Greece ; on the press conference after the match , Maradona said that , in his opinion , he was the best player on the field . Otamendi also played the 90 minutes of the round-of-16 game against Mexico , which Argentina won by 3–1 . His final appearance in the tournament was the 0–4 quarter-final loss to Germany : this time his performance received criticism by the football press , as did his managers decision to improvise him on the right-back position ; however , the player subsequently stated his desire to always play for his national team , even if not in his natural position . Otamendi scored his first goal for Argentina on 2 September 2011 , in a 1–0 friendly win over Venezuela in Kolkata , after heading a corner taken by Lionel Messi . After being cut from the squad that later appeared at the 2014 World Cup , he was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América , playing the entirety of all but one match as they lost to hosts Chile on a penalty shootout in the final ; he was named in the Team of the Tournament . Otamendi started all the games in the Copa América Centenario in the United States , in which Argentina again both faced Chile in the tournament final and lost in a penalty shootout , 2–4 . In the second group match against Panama , on 10 June 2016 , he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win . Otamendi was included in the squad for the 2018 World Cup . Honours . Vélez - Argentine Primera División : 2009 Clausura Porto - Primeira Liga : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Taça de Portugal : 2010–11 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2011 , 2012 , 2013 - UEFA Europa League : 2010–11 - Taça da Liga runner-up : 2012–13 Manchester City - Premier League : 2017–18 , 2018–19 - FA Cup : 2018–19 - Football League/EFL Cup : 2015–16 , 2017–18 , 2018–19 , 2019–20 - FA Community Shield : 2018 , 2019 Argentina - Copa América runner-up : 2015 , 2016 - superclasico de las americas 2019 Individual - South American Team of the Year : 2009 - La Liga Team of the Season : 2014–15 - Copa América Team of the Tournament : 2015 , 2016 - PFA Team of the Year : 2017–18 Premier League External links . - Vélez Sarsfield official profile - Argentine League statistics
|
[
"FC Porto"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nicolás Hernán Gonzalo Otamendi ( born 12 February 1988 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Argentina national team .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi played for Vélez Sarsfield and Porto in his early career , winning eight major titles with Porto , including three Primeira Liga championships and the 2011 Europa League . He signed for Valencia in 2014 and spent four months on loan to Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . In 2015 he moved to Manchester City and won the Premier League in 2017–18 and 2018–19 , as well as four League Cups and an FA Cup .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": " An Argentina international since 2009 , Otamendi represented his country at two World Cups and three Copas América , in which he contributed to consecutive runner-up finishes .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": "Born in Buenos Aires , Otamendi made his Primera División debut for Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield on 10 May 2008 , in a 2–1 home win against Rosario Central for the Clausura tournament . During manager Hugo Tocallis spell he was only fifth-choice stopper , behind Waldo Ponce , Fernando Tobio , Marco Torsiglieri and Mariano Uglessich . However , his role in the first team changed during Ricardo Garecas first season as head coach , the 2009 Clausura : he replaced Ponce for the third game after the Chilean was injured while playing for his national team , and",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": "eventually won a starting position alongside Sebastián Domínguez , playing 17 of the 19 games in Vélezs winning campaign .",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi scored his first professional goal during the 2009 Apertura , in a 3–1 victory over Arsenal de Sarandí . During that season he also made his debuts in an international club competition , appearing in the Copa Sudamericana ; in recognition of his performances throughout the year he was chosen for the South American Team of the Year , in a traditional continent-wide journalists poll conducted by the newspaper El País .",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": "On 23 August 2010 , Otamendi was transferred to Portuguese side FC Porto on a €4 million fee , signing a five-year contract . Vélez also retained 50% of his registration rights , with the player having a pre-set price of another €4 million to be met by Porto prior to September 2011 . He netted in his first match , a 2–0 home victory over S.C . Olhanense , finishing his first season with 15 appearances and five goals ( notably both in a 2–0 away win against S.C . Braga ) as the northerners won the Primeira Liga",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": "championship .",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " On 6 September 2011 , Porto exercised the rights to sign the remainder of Otamendis playing rights . He played 30 official games during the season to help the club to another two major titles , notably the back-to-back domestic league .",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " On 5 February 2014 , Otamendi was sold to Valencia CF in La Liga for €12 million , on a five-year contract starting on 1 July . He was immediately loaned to Clube Atlético Mineiro in Brazil , and played 19 times for the team from Belo Horizonte , scoring once to open a 4–1 win at city rivals América Futebol Clube ( MG ) on 23 March in the first leg of the semi-finals of the state championship .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi made his debut in the Spanish top level on 23 August 2014 , starting in a 1–1 away draw against Sevilla FC . He scored his first goal for his new club on 4 October , helping to a 3–1 home success over Atlético Madrid .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": " On 4 January 2015 , Otamendi headed Valencias winner in a 2–1 home win over Real Madrid , ending their opponents club record 22-match winning streak as a result . After helping Los Che qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in four years , becoming the first club stopper to score six goals in the league in the process , he was the only player from his team to be named in the La Liga Team of the Year .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": " Late into the 2015 pre-season , Otamendi refused to train or play with Valencia to avoid thwarting his chances of signing with another club . On 20 August , he joined Manchester City on a five-year deal for a fee of £32 million . He made his debut on 15 September , coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Vincent Kompany in a 1–2 home loss against Juventus for the Champions League group phase ; his Premier League debut came four days later , in a 1–2 defeat to West Ham United at the City of Manchester Stadium .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "On 31 October 2015 , Otamendi scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home win over Norwich City . He played the full 120 minutes as they won the Football League Cup on 28 February 2016 , defeating Liverpool on a penalty shootout in the final .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " On 10 December 2017 , Otamendi scored the winning goal in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford , helping City stretch their lead at the top of the Premier League to 11 points . City would go on to lift the Premier League title that season with a record-breaking 100 points , this was Otamendis first league title in England . On 18 April 2018 , Otamendi was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Manchester City teammates Kyle Walker , David Silva , Kevin De Bruyne and Sergio Agüero .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "In the 2018-19 season , Otamendi helped Manchester City become the first English side to win a domestic mens treble , consisting of the League Cup , Premier League title and FA Cup .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " In his final season at Manchester City , Otamendi made 39 appearances in total . He also helped his side retain the League Cup for the third season in a row in March 2020 , his final trophy with City .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "On 29 September 2020 , Otamendi joined Benfica on a three-year contract , for a €15 million fee , with Benfica defender Ruben Dias moving to Manchester City in exchange . He made his league debut in a 3–2 win against Farense on 4 October . Otamendi was at fault for both of Farenses goals and conceded a penalty during the match . In Benficas UEFA Europa League group stage clash with Rangers on 5 November , Otamendi received a straight red card in the 19th minute for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity ; Benfica would fall 1–3 down but",
"title": "Benfica"
},
{
"text": "eventually earn a 3–3 draw .",
"title": "Benfica"
},
{
"text": " In April 2009 , Otamendi was called up by Argentine national team coach Diego Maradona for a friendly with Panama . At the time of his selection he had only played 11 professional games , and eventually started the match on 20 May , in a 3–1 win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign , Otamendi played as a centre back alongside Martín Demichelis against Ecuador ( 0–2 away loss ) , partnered former Vélez teammate Domínguez against Brazil in a 1–3 home defeat and appeared as a right back in a 1–0 win in Uruguay which sealed the countrys qualification to South Africa . On 19 May 2010 he was confirmed as part of the 23-men squad for the final stages , featuring in the starting eleven for the final group stage game against Greece ; on the press conference after the match , Maradona",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "said that , in his opinion , he was the best player on the field .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi also played the 90 minutes of the round-of-16 game against Mexico , which Argentina won by 3–1 . His final appearance in the tournament was the 0–4 quarter-final loss to Germany : this time his performance received criticism by the football press , as did his managers decision to improvise him on the right-back position ; however , the player subsequently stated his desire to always play for his national team , even if not in his natural position .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi scored his first goal for Argentina on 2 September 2011 , in a 1–0 friendly win over Venezuela in Kolkata , after heading a corner taken by Lionel Messi . After being cut from the squad that later appeared at the 2014 World Cup , he was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América , playing the entirety of all but one match as they lost to hosts Chile on a penalty shootout in the final ; he was named in the Team of the Tournament .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi started all the games in the Copa América Centenario in the United States , in which Argentina again both faced Chile in the tournament final and lost in a penalty shootout , 2–4 . In the second group match against Panama , on 10 June 2016 , he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win . Otamendi was included in the squad for the 2018 World Cup .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Primeira Liga : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Taça de Portugal : 2010–11 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2011 , 2012 , 2013 - UEFA Europa League : 2010–11 - Taça da Liga runner-up : 2012–13",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " - Premier League : 2017–18 , 2018–19 - FA Cup : 2018–19 - Football League/EFL Cup : 2015–16 , 2017–18 , 2018–19 , 2019–20 - FA Community Shield : 2018 , 2019",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " - South American Team of the Year : 2009 - La Liga Team of the Season : 2014–15 - Copa América Team of the Tournament : 2015 , 2016 - PFA Team of the Year : 2017–18 Premier League",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Vélez Sarsfield official profile - Argentine League statistics",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nicolás_Otamendi#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Nicolás Otamendi belong to in Jun 2014?
|
Nicolás Otamendi Nicolás Hernán Gonzalo Otamendi ( born 12 February 1988 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Argentina national team . Otamendi played for Vélez Sarsfield and Porto in his early career , winning eight major titles with Porto , including three Primeira Liga championships and the 2011 Europa League . He signed for Valencia in 2014 and spent four months on loan to Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . In 2015 he moved to Manchester City and won the Premier League in 2017–18 and 2018–19 , as well as four League Cups and an FA Cup . An Argentina international since 2009 , Otamendi represented his country at two World Cups and three Copas América , in which he contributed to consecutive runner-up finishes . Club career . Vélez . Born in Buenos Aires , Otamendi made his Primera División debut for Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield on 10 May 2008 , in a 2–1 home win against Rosario Central for the Clausura tournament . During manager Hugo Tocallis spell he was only fifth-choice stopper , behind Waldo Ponce , Fernando Tobio , Marco Torsiglieri and Mariano Uglessich . However , his role in the first team changed during Ricardo Garecas first season as head coach , the 2009 Clausura : he replaced Ponce for the third game after the Chilean was injured while playing for his national team , and eventually won a starting position alongside Sebastián Domínguez , playing 17 of the 19 games in Vélezs winning campaign . Otamendi scored his first professional goal during the 2009 Apertura , in a 3–1 victory over Arsenal de Sarandí . During that season he also made his debuts in an international club competition , appearing in the Copa Sudamericana ; in recognition of his performances throughout the year he was chosen for the South American Team of the Year , in a traditional continent-wide journalists poll conducted by the newspaper El País . Porto . On 23 August 2010 , Otamendi was transferred to Portuguese side FC Porto on a €4 million fee , signing a five-year contract . Vélez also retained 50% of his registration rights , with the player having a pre-set price of another €4 million to be met by Porto prior to September 2011 . He netted in his first match , a 2–0 home victory over S.C . Olhanense , finishing his first season with 15 appearances and five goals ( notably both in a 2–0 away win against S.C . Braga ) as the northerners won the Primeira Liga championship . On 6 September 2011 , Porto exercised the rights to sign the remainder of Otamendis playing rights . He played 30 official games during the season to help the club to another two major titles , notably the back-to-back domestic league . Valencia . On 5 February 2014 , Otamendi was sold to Valencia CF in La Liga for €12 million , on a five-year contract starting on 1 July . He was immediately loaned to Clube Atlético Mineiro in Brazil , and played 19 times for the team from Belo Horizonte , scoring once to open a 4–1 win at city rivals América Futebol Clube ( MG ) on 23 March in the first leg of the semi-finals of the state championship . Otamendi made his debut in the Spanish top level on 23 August 2014 , starting in a 1–1 away draw against Sevilla FC . He scored his first goal for his new club on 4 October , helping to a 3–1 home success over Atlético Madrid . On 4 January 2015 , Otamendi headed Valencias winner in a 2–1 home win over Real Madrid , ending their opponents club record 22-match winning streak as a result . After helping Los Che qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in four years , becoming the first club stopper to score six goals in the league in the process , he was the only player from his team to be named in the La Liga Team of the Year . Manchester City . Late into the 2015 pre-season , Otamendi refused to train or play with Valencia to avoid thwarting his chances of signing with another club . On 20 August , he joined Manchester City on a five-year deal for a fee of £32 million . He made his debut on 15 September , coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Vincent Kompany in a 1–2 home loss against Juventus for the Champions League group phase ; his Premier League debut came four days later , in a 1–2 defeat to West Ham United at the City of Manchester Stadium . On 31 October 2015 , Otamendi scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home win over Norwich City . He played the full 120 minutes as they won the Football League Cup on 28 February 2016 , defeating Liverpool on a penalty shootout in the final . On 10 December 2017 , Otamendi scored the winning goal in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford , helping City stretch their lead at the top of the Premier League to 11 points . City would go on to lift the Premier League title that season with a record-breaking 100 points , this was Otamendis first league title in England . On 18 April 2018 , Otamendi was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Manchester City teammates Kyle Walker , David Silva , Kevin De Bruyne and Sergio Agüero . In the 2018-19 season , Otamendi helped Manchester City become the first English side to win a domestic mens treble , consisting of the League Cup , Premier League title and FA Cup . In his final season at Manchester City , Otamendi made 39 appearances in total . He also helped his side retain the League Cup for the third season in a row in March 2020 , his final trophy with City . Benfica . On 29 September 2020 , Otamendi joined Benfica on a three-year contract , for a €15 million fee , with Benfica defender Ruben Dias moving to Manchester City in exchange . He made his league debut in a 3–2 win against Farense on 4 October . Otamendi was at fault for both of Farenses goals and conceded a penalty during the match . In Benficas UEFA Europa League group stage clash with Rangers on 5 November , Otamendi received a straight red card in the 19th minute for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity ; Benfica would fall 1–3 down but eventually earn a 3–3 draw . International career . In April 2009 , Otamendi was called up by Argentine national team coach Diego Maradona for a friendly with Panama . At the time of his selection he had only played 11 professional games , and eventually started the match on 20 May , in a 3–1 win . During the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign , Otamendi played as a centre back alongside Martín Demichelis against Ecuador ( 0–2 away loss ) , partnered former Vélez teammate Domínguez against Brazil in a 1–3 home defeat and appeared as a right back in a 1–0 win in Uruguay which sealed the countrys qualification to South Africa . On 19 May 2010 he was confirmed as part of the 23-men squad for the final stages , featuring in the starting eleven for the final group stage game against Greece ; on the press conference after the match , Maradona said that , in his opinion , he was the best player on the field . Otamendi also played the 90 minutes of the round-of-16 game against Mexico , which Argentina won by 3–1 . His final appearance in the tournament was the 0–4 quarter-final loss to Germany : this time his performance received criticism by the football press , as did his managers decision to improvise him on the right-back position ; however , the player subsequently stated his desire to always play for his national team , even if not in his natural position . Otamendi scored his first goal for Argentina on 2 September 2011 , in a 1–0 friendly win over Venezuela in Kolkata , after heading a corner taken by Lionel Messi . After being cut from the squad that later appeared at the 2014 World Cup , he was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América , playing the entirety of all but one match as they lost to hosts Chile on a penalty shootout in the final ; he was named in the Team of the Tournament . Otamendi started all the games in the Copa América Centenario in the United States , in which Argentina again both faced Chile in the tournament final and lost in a penalty shootout , 2–4 . In the second group match against Panama , on 10 June 2016 , he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win . Otamendi was included in the squad for the 2018 World Cup . Honours . Vélez - Argentine Primera División : 2009 Clausura Porto - Primeira Liga : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Taça de Portugal : 2010–11 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2011 , 2012 , 2013 - UEFA Europa League : 2010–11 - Taça da Liga runner-up : 2012–13 Manchester City - Premier League : 2017–18 , 2018–19 - FA Cup : 2018–19 - Football League/EFL Cup : 2015–16 , 2017–18 , 2018–19 , 2019–20 - FA Community Shield : 2018 , 2019 Argentina - Copa América runner-up : 2015 , 2016 - superclasico de las americas 2019 Individual - South American Team of the Year : 2009 - La Liga Team of the Season : 2014–15 - Copa América Team of the Tournament : 2015 , 2016 - PFA Team of the Year : 2017–18 Premier League External links . - Vélez Sarsfield official profile - Argentine League statistics
|
[
"Valencia CF"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nicolás Hernán Gonzalo Otamendi ( born 12 February 1988 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Argentina national team .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi played for Vélez Sarsfield and Porto in his early career , winning eight major titles with Porto , including three Primeira Liga championships and the 2011 Europa League . He signed for Valencia in 2014 and spent four months on loan to Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . In 2015 he moved to Manchester City and won the Premier League in 2017–18 and 2018–19 , as well as four League Cups and an FA Cup .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": " An Argentina international since 2009 , Otamendi represented his country at two World Cups and three Copas América , in which he contributed to consecutive runner-up finishes .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": "Born in Buenos Aires , Otamendi made his Primera División debut for Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield on 10 May 2008 , in a 2–1 home win against Rosario Central for the Clausura tournament . During manager Hugo Tocallis spell he was only fifth-choice stopper , behind Waldo Ponce , Fernando Tobio , Marco Torsiglieri and Mariano Uglessich . However , his role in the first team changed during Ricardo Garecas first season as head coach , the 2009 Clausura : he replaced Ponce for the third game after the Chilean was injured while playing for his national team , and",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": "eventually won a starting position alongside Sebastián Domínguez , playing 17 of the 19 games in Vélezs winning campaign .",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi scored his first professional goal during the 2009 Apertura , in a 3–1 victory over Arsenal de Sarandí . During that season he also made his debuts in an international club competition , appearing in the Copa Sudamericana ; in recognition of his performances throughout the year he was chosen for the South American Team of the Year , in a traditional continent-wide journalists poll conducted by the newspaper El País .",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": "On 23 August 2010 , Otamendi was transferred to Portuguese side FC Porto on a €4 million fee , signing a five-year contract . Vélez also retained 50% of his registration rights , with the player having a pre-set price of another €4 million to be met by Porto prior to September 2011 . He netted in his first match , a 2–0 home victory over S.C . Olhanense , finishing his first season with 15 appearances and five goals ( notably both in a 2–0 away win against S.C . Braga ) as the northerners won the Primeira Liga",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": "championship .",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " On 6 September 2011 , Porto exercised the rights to sign the remainder of Otamendis playing rights . He played 30 official games during the season to help the club to another two major titles , notably the back-to-back domestic league .",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " On 5 February 2014 , Otamendi was sold to Valencia CF in La Liga for €12 million , on a five-year contract starting on 1 July . He was immediately loaned to Clube Atlético Mineiro in Brazil , and played 19 times for the team from Belo Horizonte , scoring once to open a 4–1 win at city rivals América Futebol Clube ( MG ) on 23 March in the first leg of the semi-finals of the state championship .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi made his debut in the Spanish top level on 23 August 2014 , starting in a 1–1 away draw against Sevilla FC . He scored his first goal for his new club on 4 October , helping to a 3–1 home success over Atlético Madrid .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": " On 4 January 2015 , Otamendi headed Valencias winner in a 2–1 home win over Real Madrid , ending their opponents club record 22-match winning streak as a result . After helping Los Che qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in four years , becoming the first club stopper to score six goals in the league in the process , he was the only player from his team to be named in the La Liga Team of the Year .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": " Late into the 2015 pre-season , Otamendi refused to train or play with Valencia to avoid thwarting his chances of signing with another club . On 20 August , he joined Manchester City on a five-year deal for a fee of £32 million . He made his debut on 15 September , coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Vincent Kompany in a 1–2 home loss against Juventus for the Champions League group phase ; his Premier League debut came four days later , in a 1–2 defeat to West Ham United at the City of Manchester Stadium .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "On 31 October 2015 , Otamendi scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home win over Norwich City . He played the full 120 minutes as they won the Football League Cup on 28 February 2016 , defeating Liverpool on a penalty shootout in the final .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " On 10 December 2017 , Otamendi scored the winning goal in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford , helping City stretch their lead at the top of the Premier League to 11 points . City would go on to lift the Premier League title that season with a record-breaking 100 points , this was Otamendis first league title in England . On 18 April 2018 , Otamendi was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Manchester City teammates Kyle Walker , David Silva , Kevin De Bruyne and Sergio Agüero .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "In the 2018-19 season , Otamendi helped Manchester City become the first English side to win a domestic mens treble , consisting of the League Cup , Premier League title and FA Cup .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " In his final season at Manchester City , Otamendi made 39 appearances in total . He also helped his side retain the League Cup for the third season in a row in March 2020 , his final trophy with City .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "On 29 September 2020 , Otamendi joined Benfica on a three-year contract , for a €15 million fee , with Benfica defender Ruben Dias moving to Manchester City in exchange . He made his league debut in a 3–2 win against Farense on 4 October . Otamendi was at fault for both of Farenses goals and conceded a penalty during the match . In Benficas UEFA Europa League group stage clash with Rangers on 5 November , Otamendi received a straight red card in the 19th minute for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity ; Benfica would fall 1–3 down but",
"title": "Benfica"
},
{
"text": "eventually earn a 3–3 draw .",
"title": "Benfica"
},
{
"text": " In April 2009 , Otamendi was called up by Argentine national team coach Diego Maradona for a friendly with Panama . At the time of his selection he had only played 11 professional games , and eventually started the match on 20 May , in a 3–1 win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign , Otamendi played as a centre back alongside Martín Demichelis against Ecuador ( 0–2 away loss ) , partnered former Vélez teammate Domínguez against Brazil in a 1–3 home defeat and appeared as a right back in a 1–0 win in Uruguay which sealed the countrys qualification to South Africa . On 19 May 2010 he was confirmed as part of the 23-men squad for the final stages , featuring in the starting eleven for the final group stage game against Greece ; on the press conference after the match , Maradona",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "said that , in his opinion , he was the best player on the field .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi also played the 90 minutes of the round-of-16 game against Mexico , which Argentina won by 3–1 . His final appearance in the tournament was the 0–4 quarter-final loss to Germany : this time his performance received criticism by the football press , as did his managers decision to improvise him on the right-back position ; however , the player subsequently stated his desire to always play for his national team , even if not in his natural position .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi scored his first goal for Argentina on 2 September 2011 , in a 1–0 friendly win over Venezuela in Kolkata , after heading a corner taken by Lionel Messi . After being cut from the squad that later appeared at the 2014 World Cup , he was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América , playing the entirety of all but one match as they lost to hosts Chile on a penalty shootout in the final ; he was named in the Team of the Tournament .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi started all the games in the Copa América Centenario in the United States , in which Argentina again both faced Chile in the tournament final and lost in a penalty shootout , 2–4 . In the second group match against Panama , on 10 June 2016 , he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win . Otamendi was included in the squad for the 2018 World Cup .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Primeira Liga : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Taça de Portugal : 2010–11 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2011 , 2012 , 2013 - UEFA Europa League : 2010–11 - Taça da Liga runner-up : 2012–13",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " - Premier League : 2017–18 , 2018–19 - FA Cup : 2018–19 - Football League/EFL Cup : 2015–16 , 2017–18 , 2018–19 , 2019–20 - FA Community Shield : 2018 , 2019",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " - South American Team of the Year : 2009 - La Liga Team of the Season : 2014–15 - Copa América Team of the Tournament : 2015 , 2016 - PFA Team of the Year : 2017–18 Premier League",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Vélez Sarsfield official profile - Argentine League statistics",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nicolás_Otamendi#P54#4
|
Which team did the player Nicolás Otamendi belong to in Nov 2015?
|
Nicolás Otamendi Nicolás Hernán Gonzalo Otamendi ( born 12 February 1988 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Argentina national team . Otamendi played for Vélez Sarsfield and Porto in his early career , winning eight major titles with Porto , including three Primeira Liga championships and the 2011 Europa League . He signed for Valencia in 2014 and spent four months on loan to Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . In 2015 he moved to Manchester City and won the Premier League in 2017–18 and 2018–19 , as well as four League Cups and an FA Cup . An Argentina international since 2009 , Otamendi represented his country at two World Cups and three Copas América , in which he contributed to consecutive runner-up finishes . Club career . Vélez . Born in Buenos Aires , Otamendi made his Primera División debut for Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield on 10 May 2008 , in a 2–1 home win against Rosario Central for the Clausura tournament . During manager Hugo Tocallis spell he was only fifth-choice stopper , behind Waldo Ponce , Fernando Tobio , Marco Torsiglieri and Mariano Uglessich . However , his role in the first team changed during Ricardo Garecas first season as head coach , the 2009 Clausura : he replaced Ponce for the third game after the Chilean was injured while playing for his national team , and eventually won a starting position alongside Sebastián Domínguez , playing 17 of the 19 games in Vélezs winning campaign . Otamendi scored his first professional goal during the 2009 Apertura , in a 3–1 victory over Arsenal de Sarandí . During that season he also made his debuts in an international club competition , appearing in the Copa Sudamericana ; in recognition of his performances throughout the year he was chosen for the South American Team of the Year , in a traditional continent-wide journalists poll conducted by the newspaper El País . Porto . On 23 August 2010 , Otamendi was transferred to Portuguese side FC Porto on a €4 million fee , signing a five-year contract . Vélez also retained 50% of his registration rights , with the player having a pre-set price of another €4 million to be met by Porto prior to September 2011 . He netted in his first match , a 2–0 home victory over S.C . Olhanense , finishing his first season with 15 appearances and five goals ( notably both in a 2–0 away win against S.C . Braga ) as the northerners won the Primeira Liga championship . On 6 September 2011 , Porto exercised the rights to sign the remainder of Otamendis playing rights . He played 30 official games during the season to help the club to another two major titles , notably the back-to-back domestic league . Valencia . On 5 February 2014 , Otamendi was sold to Valencia CF in La Liga for €12 million , on a five-year contract starting on 1 July . He was immediately loaned to Clube Atlético Mineiro in Brazil , and played 19 times for the team from Belo Horizonte , scoring once to open a 4–1 win at city rivals América Futebol Clube ( MG ) on 23 March in the first leg of the semi-finals of the state championship . Otamendi made his debut in the Spanish top level on 23 August 2014 , starting in a 1–1 away draw against Sevilla FC . He scored his first goal for his new club on 4 October , helping to a 3–1 home success over Atlético Madrid . On 4 January 2015 , Otamendi headed Valencias winner in a 2–1 home win over Real Madrid , ending their opponents club record 22-match winning streak as a result . After helping Los Che qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in four years , becoming the first club stopper to score six goals in the league in the process , he was the only player from his team to be named in the La Liga Team of the Year . Manchester City . Late into the 2015 pre-season , Otamendi refused to train or play with Valencia to avoid thwarting his chances of signing with another club . On 20 August , he joined Manchester City on a five-year deal for a fee of £32 million . He made his debut on 15 September , coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Vincent Kompany in a 1–2 home loss against Juventus for the Champions League group phase ; his Premier League debut came four days later , in a 1–2 defeat to West Ham United at the City of Manchester Stadium . On 31 October 2015 , Otamendi scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home win over Norwich City . He played the full 120 minutes as they won the Football League Cup on 28 February 2016 , defeating Liverpool on a penalty shootout in the final . On 10 December 2017 , Otamendi scored the winning goal in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford , helping City stretch their lead at the top of the Premier League to 11 points . City would go on to lift the Premier League title that season with a record-breaking 100 points , this was Otamendis first league title in England . On 18 April 2018 , Otamendi was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Manchester City teammates Kyle Walker , David Silva , Kevin De Bruyne and Sergio Agüero . In the 2018-19 season , Otamendi helped Manchester City become the first English side to win a domestic mens treble , consisting of the League Cup , Premier League title and FA Cup . In his final season at Manchester City , Otamendi made 39 appearances in total . He also helped his side retain the League Cup for the third season in a row in March 2020 , his final trophy with City . Benfica . On 29 September 2020 , Otamendi joined Benfica on a three-year contract , for a €15 million fee , with Benfica defender Ruben Dias moving to Manchester City in exchange . He made his league debut in a 3–2 win against Farense on 4 October . Otamendi was at fault for both of Farenses goals and conceded a penalty during the match . In Benficas UEFA Europa League group stage clash with Rangers on 5 November , Otamendi received a straight red card in the 19th minute for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity ; Benfica would fall 1–3 down but eventually earn a 3–3 draw . International career . In April 2009 , Otamendi was called up by Argentine national team coach Diego Maradona for a friendly with Panama . At the time of his selection he had only played 11 professional games , and eventually started the match on 20 May , in a 3–1 win . During the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign , Otamendi played as a centre back alongside Martín Demichelis against Ecuador ( 0–2 away loss ) , partnered former Vélez teammate Domínguez against Brazil in a 1–3 home defeat and appeared as a right back in a 1–0 win in Uruguay which sealed the countrys qualification to South Africa . On 19 May 2010 he was confirmed as part of the 23-men squad for the final stages , featuring in the starting eleven for the final group stage game against Greece ; on the press conference after the match , Maradona said that , in his opinion , he was the best player on the field . Otamendi also played the 90 minutes of the round-of-16 game against Mexico , which Argentina won by 3–1 . His final appearance in the tournament was the 0–4 quarter-final loss to Germany : this time his performance received criticism by the football press , as did his managers decision to improvise him on the right-back position ; however , the player subsequently stated his desire to always play for his national team , even if not in his natural position . Otamendi scored his first goal for Argentina on 2 September 2011 , in a 1–0 friendly win over Venezuela in Kolkata , after heading a corner taken by Lionel Messi . After being cut from the squad that later appeared at the 2014 World Cup , he was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América , playing the entirety of all but one match as they lost to hosts Chile on a penalty shootout in the final ; he was named in the Team of the Tournament . Otamendi started all the games in the Copa América Centenario in the United States , in which Argentina again both faced Chile in the tournament final and lost in a penalty shootout , 2–4 . In the second group match against Panama , on 10 June 2016 , he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win . Otamendi was included in the squad for the 2018 World Cup . Honours . Vélez - Argentine Primera División : 2009 Clausura Porto - Primeira Liga : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Taça de Portugal : 2010–11 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2011 , 2012 , 2013 - UEFA Europa League : 2010–11 - Taça da Liga runner-up : 2012–13 Manchester City - Premier League : 2017–18 , 2018–19 - FA Cup : 2018–19 - Football League/EFL Cup : 2015–16 , 2017–18 , 2018–19 , 2019–20 - FA Community Shield : 2018 , 2019 Argentina - Copa América runner-up : 2015 , 2016 - superclasico de las americas 2019 Individual - South American Team of the Year : 2009 - La Liga Team of the Season : 2014–15 - Copa América Team of the Tournament : 2015 , 2016 - PFA Team of the Year : 2017–18 Premier League External links . - Vélez Sarsfield official profile - Argentine League statistics
|
[
"Manchester City"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nicolás Hernán Gonzalo Otamendi ( born 12 February 1988 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Argentina national team .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi played for Vélez Sarsfield and Porto in his early career , winning eight major titles with Porto , including three Primeira Liga championships and the 2011 Europa League . He signed for Valencia in 2014 and spent four months on loan to Atlético Mineiro of Brazil . In 2015 he moved to Manchester City and won the Premier League in 2017–18 and 2018–19 , as well as four League Cups and an FA Cup .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": " An Argentina international since 2009 , Otamendi represented his country at two World Cups and three Copas América , in which he contributed to consecutive runner-up finishes .",
"title": "Nicolás Otamendi"
},
{
"text": "Born in Buenos Aires , Otamendi made his Primera División debut for Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield on 10 May 2008 , in a 2–1 home win against Rosario Central for the Clausura tournament . During manager Hugo Tocallis spell he was only fifth-choice stopper , behind Waldo Ponce , Fernando Tobio , Marco Torsiglieri and Mariano Uglessich . However , his role in the first team changed during Ricardo Garecas first season as head coach , the 2009 Clausura : he replaced Ponce for the third game after the Chilean was injured while playing for his national team , and",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": "eventually won a starting position alongside Sebastián Domínguez , playing 17 of the 19 games in Vélezs winning campaign .",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi scored his first professional goal during the 2009 Apertura , in a 3–1 victory over Arsenal de Sarandí . During that season he also made his debuts in an international club competition , appearing in the Copa Sudamericana ; in recognition of his performances throughout the year he was chosen for the South American Team of the Year , in a traditional continent-wide journalists poll conducted by the newspaper El País .",
"title": "Vélez"
},
{
"text": "On 23 August 2010 , Otamendi was transferred to Portuguese side FC Porto on a €4 million fee , signing a five-year contract . Vélez also retained 50% of his registration rights , with the player having a pre-set price of another €4 million to be met by Porto prior to September 2011 . He netted in his first match , a 2–0 home victory over S.C . Olhanense , finishing his first season with 15 appearances and five goals ( notably both in a 2–0 away win against S.C . Braga ) as the northerners won the Primeira Liga",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": "championship .",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " On 6 September 2011 , Porto exercised the rights to sign the remainder of Otamendis playing rights . He played 30 official games during the season to help the club to another two major titles , notably the back-to-back domestic league .",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " On 5 February 2014 , Otamendi was sold to Valencia CF in La Liga for €12 million , on a five-year contract starting on 1 July . He was immediately loaned to Clube Atlético Mineiro in Brazil , and played 19 times for the team from Belo Horizonte , scoring once to open a 4–1 win at city rivals América Futebol Clube ( MG ) on 23 March in the first leg of the semi-finals of the state championship .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi made his debut in the Spanish top level on 23 August 2014 , starting in a 1–1 away draw against Sevilla FC . He scored his first goal for his new club on 4 October , helping to a 3–1 home success over Atlético Madrid .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": " On 4 January 2015 , Otamendi headed Valencias winner in a 2–1 home win over Real Madrid , ending their opponents club record 22-match winning streak as a result . After helping Los Che qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in four years , becoming the first club stopper to score six goals in the league in the process , he was the only player from his team to be named in the La Liga Team of the Year .",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"text": " Late into the 2015 pre-season , Otamendi refused to train or play with Valencia to avoid thwarting his chances of signing with another club . On 20 August , he joined Manchester City on a five-year deal for a fee of £32 million . He made his debut on 15 September , coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Vincent Kompany in a 1–2 home loss against Juventus for the Champions League group phase ; his Premier League debut came four days later , in a 1–2 defeat to West Ham United at the City of Manchester Stadium .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "On 31 October 2015 , Otamendi scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 home win over Norwich City . He played the full 120 minutes as they won the Football League Cup on 28 February 2016 , defeating Liverpool on a penalty shootout in the final .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " On 10 December 2017 , Otamendi scored the winning goal in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford , helping City stretch their lead at the top of the Premier League to 11 points . City would go on to lift the Premier League title that season with a record-breaking 100 points , this was Otamendis first league title in England . On 18 April 2018 , Otamendi was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Manchester City teammates Kyle Walker , David Silva , Kevin De Bruyne and Sergio Agüero .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "In the 2018-19 season , Otamendi helped Manchester City become the first English side to win a domestic mens treble , consisting of the League Cup , Premier League title and FA Cup .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " In his final season at Manchester City , Otamendi made 39 appearances in total . He also helped his side retain the League Cup for the third season in a row in March 2020 , his final trophy with City .",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": "On 29 September 2020 , Otamendi joined Benfica on a three-year contract , for a €15 million fee , with Benfica defender Ruben Dias moving to Manchester City in exchange . He made his league debut in a 3–2 win against Farense on 4 October . Otamendi was at fault for both of Farenses goals and conceded a penalty during the match . In Benficas UEFA Europa League group stage clash with Rangers on 5 November , Otamendi received a straight red card in the 19th minute for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity ; Benfica would fall 1–3 down but",
"title": "Benfica"
},
{
"text": "eventually earn a 3–3 draw .",
"title": "Benfica"
},
{
"text": " In April 2009 , Otamendi was called up by Argentine national team coach Diego Maradona for a friendly with Panama . At the time of his selection he had only played 11 professional games , and eventually started the match on 20 May , in a 3–1 win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign , Otamendi played as a centre back alongside Martín Demichelis against Ecuador ( 0–2 away loss ) , partnered former Vélez teammate Domínguez against Brazil in a 1–3 home defeat and appeared as a right back in a 1–0 win in Uruguay which sealed the countrys qualification to South Africa . On 19 May 2010 he was confirmed as part of the 23-men squad for the final stages , featuring in the starting eleven for the final group stage game against Greece ; on the press conference after the match , Maradona",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "said that , in his opinion , he was the best player on the field .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi also played the 90 minutes of the round-of-16 game against Mexico , which Argentina won by 3–1 . His final appearance in the tournament was the 0–4 quarter-final loss to Germany : this time his performance received criticism by the football press , as did his managers decision to improvise him on the right-back position ; however , the player subsequently stated his desire to always play for his national team , even if not in his natural position .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Otamendi scored his first goal for Argentina on 2 September 2011 , in a 1–0 friendly win over Venezuela in Kolkata , after heading a corner taken by Lionel Messi . After being cut from the squad that later appeared at the 2014 World Cup , he was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América , playing the entirety of all but one match as they lost to hosts Chile on a penalty shootout in the final ; he was named in the Team of the Tournament .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Otamendi started all the games in the Copa América Centenario in the United States , in which Argentina again both faced Chile in the tournament final and lost in a penalty shootout , 2–4 . In the second group match against Panama , on 10 June 2016 , he scored the opening goal in a 5–0 win . Otamendi was included in the squad for the 2018 World Cup .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Primeira Liga : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Taça de Portugal : 2010–11 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2011 , 2012 , 2013 - UEFA Europa League : 2010–11 - Taça da Liga runner-up : 2012–13",
"title": "Porto"
},
{
"text": " - Premier League : 2017–18 , 2018–19 - FA Cup : 2018–19 - Football League/EFL Cup : 2015–16 , 2017–18 , 2018–19 , 2019–20 - FA Community Shield : 2018 , 2019",
"title": "Manchester City"
},
{
"text": " - South American Team of the Year : 2009 - La Liga Team of the Season : 2014–15 - Copa América Team of the Tournament : 2015 , 2016 - PFA Team of the Year : 2017–18 Premier League",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Vélez Sarsfield official profile - Argentine League statistics",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Frank_J._Cannon#P102#0
|
Which party was Frank J. Cannon a member of before Dec 1895?
|
Frank J . Cannon Frank Jenne Cannon ( January 25 , 1859July 25 , 1933 ) was the first United States Senator from Utah , who served from 1896 to 1899 . Early life . Born in Salt Lake City , Cannon was the eldest child of Sarah Jenne Cannon and George Q . Cannon . His father was an apostle in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and later was a member of its First Presidency . After attending the school in Salt Lake City , Frank Cannon studied at University of Deseret , graduating at the age of 19 . He married Martha Brown of Ogden in 1878 . Political career . In 1891 he helped to organize the Utah Republican Party . After a failed bid to become delegate from the Utah Territory , he succeeded and served from March 4 , 1895 , to January 4 , 1896 . Cannon was chosen in 1896 to serve as senator by the Utah Legislature in spite of LDS church leadership favoring his father for the job . He served in the United States Senate , initially , as a member of the Republican Party ; however , he later became a member of the Silver Republican Party , founded by his successor ( and future employer at The Salt Lake Tribune ) Thomas Kearns . Cannon lost re-election in 1899 . Utahs state legislators indicated they would not support Cannon for re-election shortly after the November 1898 elections . Cannon had voted against the Dingley Act , which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry . It was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy , who now opposed his re-election . Other factors were his support for Free Silver , rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington , DC , and the fact that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats . Alfred W . McCune , one of Salt Lake Citys most prominent businessmen , sought and won the backing of the LDS Church in his bid for the seat . But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election . One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast , and no winner emerged . On February 18 , a state representative accused McCune of trying to buy his vote . A seven-member legislative voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge , and although ballotting resumed on March 8 McCune still lacked enough votes to win office ( he had only 25 votes ) . The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator , Utahs U.S . Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901 . The Republicans regained their majority in the state legislature in the election of 1900 and elected a wealthy mine owner Thomas Kearns to fill the seat . The election was still hotly disputed . Kearns received only 8 votes on the first ballot , and balloting continued for four more days . On January 22 , Kearns won the election by a vote of 37-to-25 ( with a unanimous block of Republican votes ) . Cannon affiliated with the Democratic Party in 1900 and served as its state chairman 1902–1904 . Later life . After failing to be re-elected to the U.S . Senate by the Utah legislature , in part due to opposition by the Mormon hierarchy , Cannon worked as the editor of several newspapers , including The Salt Lake Tribune , the Ogden Herald ( Ogden , Utah ) and established the Ogden Standard in 1888 . Between 1904 and 1911 , Cannon consistently supported the anti-Mormon American Party in newspaper editorials . Cannon later rejected Mormonism and wrote a book , with Harvey J . OHiggins , called Under the Prophet in Utah exposing the rigidly hierarchical nature of the Mormon organization . The book denounced what the authors described as the church leaderships absolutism and interference in politics : [ Mormons ] live under an absolutism . They have no more right of judgment than a dead body . Yet the diffusion of authority is so clever that nearly every man seems to share in its operation.. . and feels himself in some degree a master without observing that he is also a slave . The book details the negotiations Cannon participated in on Utahs behalf leading to statehood in exchange for official rejection of polygamy and LDS leaderships domination of civil politics during the 1890s , and the subsequent back-sliding he observed in the years following statehood . During the last two decades of his life , he lectured against Mormonism and in support of free silver policies ( as opposed to the Gold Standard ) . He died , at the age of 74 , in Denver , in 1933 .
|
[
"Republican Party"
] |
[
{
"text": " Frank Jenne Cannon ( January 25 , 1859July 25 , 1933 ) was the first United States Senator from Utah , who served from 1896 to 1899 .",
"title": "Frank J . Cannon"
},
{
"text": " Born in Salt Lake City , Cannon was the eldest child of Sarah Jenne Cannon and George Q . Cannon . His father was an apostle in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and later was a member of its First Presidency . After attending the school in Salt Lake City , Frank Cannon studied at University of Deseret , graduating at the age of 19 . He married Martha Brown of Ogden in 1878 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1891 he helped to organize the Utah Republican Party . After a failed bid to become delegate from the Utah Territory , he succeeded and served from March 4 , 1895 , to January 4 , 1896 . Cannon was chosen in 1896 to serve as senator by the Utah Legislature in spite of LDS church leadership favoring his father for the job . He served in the United States Senate , initially , as a member of the Republican Party ; however , he later became a member of the Silver Republican Party , founded by his successor",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "( and future employer at The Salt Lake Tribune ) Thomas Kearns .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Cannon lost re-election in 1899 . Utahs state legislators indicated they would not support Cannon for re-election shortly after the November 1898 elections . Cannon had voted against the Dingley Act , which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry . It was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy , who now opposed his re-election . Other factors were his support for Free Silver , rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington , DC , and the fact that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats . Alfred W",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ". McCune , one of Salt Lake Citys most prominent businessmen , sought and won the backing of the LDS Church in his bid for the seat . But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election . One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast , and no winner emerged . On February 18 , a state representative accused McCune of trying to buy his vote . A seven-member legislative voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge , and although ballotting resumed on March 8 McCune still lacked enough votes to win office ( he had only 25 votes ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator ,",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Utahs U.S . Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901 . The Republicans regained their majority in the state legislature in the election of 1900 and elected a wealthy mine owner Thomas Kearns to fill the seat . The election was still hotly disputed . Kearns received only 8 votes on the first ballot , and balloting continued for four more days . On January 22 , Kearns won the election by a vote of 37-to-25 ( with a unanimous block of Republican votes ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Cannon affiliated with the Democratic Party in 1900 and served as its state chairman 1902–1904 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " After failing to be re-elected to the U.S . Senate by the Utah legislature , in part due to opposition by the Mormon hierarchy , Cannon worked as the editor of several newspapers , including The Salt Lake Tribune , the Ogden Herald ( Ogden , Utah ) and established the Ogden Standard in 1888 . Between 1904 and 1911 , Cannon consistently supported the anti-Mormon American Party in newspaper editorials .",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": "Cannon later rejected Mormonism and wrote a book , with Harvey J . OHiggins , called Under the Prophet in Utah exposing the rigidly hierarchical nature of the Mormon organization . The book denounced what the authors described as the church leaderships absolutism and interference in politics : [ Mormons ] live under an absolutism . They have no more right of judgment than a dead body . Yet the diffusion of authority is so clever that nearly every man seems to share in its operation.. . and feels himself in some degree a master without observing that he is",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": "also a slave . The book details the negotiations Cannon participated in on Utahs behalf leading to statehood in exchange for official rejection of polygamy and LDS leaderships domination of civil politics during the 1890s , and the subsequent back-sliding he observed in the years following statehood .",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": " During the last two decades of his life , he lectured against Mormonism and in support of free silver policies ( as opposed to the Gold Standard ) . He died , at the age of 74 , in Denver , in 1933 .",
"title": "Later life"
}
] |
/wiki/Frank_J._Cannon#P102#1
|
Which party was Frank J. Cannon a member of between Apr 1897 and Apr 1899?
|
Frank J . Cannon Frank Jenne Cannon ( January 25 , 1859July 25 , 1933 ) was the first United States Senator from Utah , who served from 1896 to 1899 . Early life . Born in Salt Lake City , Cannon was the eldest child of Sarah Jenne Cannon and George Q . Cannon . His father was an apostle in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and later was a member of its First Presidency . After attending the school in Salt Lake City , Frank Cannon studied at University of Deseret , graduating at the age of 19 . He married Martha Brown of Ogden in 1878 . Political career . In 1891 he helped to organize the Utah Republican Party . After a failed bid to become delegate from the Utah Territory , he succeeded and served from March 4 , 1895 , to January 4 , 1896 . Cannon was chosen in 1896 to serve as senator by the Utah Legislature in spite of LDS church leadership favoring his father for the job . He served in the United States Senate , initially , as a member of the Republican Party ; however , he later became a member of the Silver Republican Party , founded by his successor ( and future employer at The Salt Lake Tribune ) Thomas Kearns . Cannon lost re-election in 1899 . Utahs state legislators indicated they would not support Cannon for re-election shortly after the November 1898 elections . Cannon had voted against the Dingley Act , which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry . It was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy , who now opposed his re-election . Other factors were his support for Free Silver , rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington , DC , and the fact that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats . Alfred W . McCune , one of Salt Lake Citys most prominent businessmen , sought and won the backing of the LDS Church in his bid for the seat . But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election . One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast , and no winner emerged . On February 18 , a state representative accused McCune of trying to buy his vote . A seven-member legislative voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge , and although ballotting resumed on March 8 McCune still lacked enough votes to win office ( he had only 25 votes ) . The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator , Utahs U.S . Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901 . The Republicans regained their majority in the state legislature in the election of 1900 and elected a wealthy mine owner Thomas Kearns to fill the seat . The election was still hotly disputed . Kearns received only 8 votes on the first ballot , and balloting continued for four more days . On January 22 , Kearns won the election by a vote of 37-to-25 ( with a unanimous block of Republican votes ) . Cannon affiliated with the Democratic Party in 1900 and served as its state chairman 1902–1904 . Later life . After failing to be re-elected to the U.S . Senate by the Utah legislature , in part due to opposition by the Mormon hierarchy , Cannon worked as the editor of several newspapers , including The Salt Lake Tribune , the Ogden Herald ( Ogden , Utah ) and established the Ogden Standard in 1888 . Between 1904 and 1911 , Cannon consistently supported the anti-Mormon American Party in newspaper editorials . Cannon later rejected Mormonism and wrote a book , with Harvey J . OHiggins , called Under the Prophet in Utah exposing the rigidly hierarchical nature of the Mormon organization . The book denounced what the authors described as the church leaderships absolutism and interference in politics : [ Mormons ] live under an absolutism . They have no more right of judgment than a dead body . Yet the diffusion of authority is so clever that nearly every man seems to share in its operation.. . and feels himself in some degree a master without observing that he is also a slave . The book details the negotiations Cannon participated in on Utahs behalf leading to statehood in exchange for official rejection of polygamy and LDS leaderships domination of civil politics during the 1890s , and the subsequent back-sliding he observed in the years following statehood . During the last two decades of his life , he lectured against Mormonism and in support of free silver policies ( as opposed to the Gold Standard ) . He died , at the age of 74 , in Denver , in 1933 .
|
[
"Silver Republican Party"
] |
[
{
"text": " Frank Jenne Cannon ( January 25 , 1859July 25 , 1933 ) was the first United States Senator from Utah , who served from 1896 to 1899 .",
"title": "Frank J . Cannon"
},
{
"text": " Born in Salt Lake City , Cannon was the eldest child of Sarah Jenne Cannon and George Q . Cannon . His father was an apostle in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and later was a member of its First Presidency . After attending the school in Salt Lake City , Frank Cannon studied at University of Deseret , graduating at the age of 19 . He married Martha Brown of Ogden in 1878 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1891 he helped to organize the Utah Republican Party . After a failed bid to become delegate from the Utah Territory , he succeeded and served from March 4 , 1895 , to January 4 , 1896 . Cannon was chosen in 1896 to serve as senator by the Utah Legislature in spite of LDS church leadership favoring his father for the job . He served in the United States Senate , initially , as a member of the Republican Party ; however , he later became a member of the Silver Republican Party , founded by his successor",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "( and future employer at The Salt Lake Tribune ) Thomas Kearns .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Cannon lost re-election in 1899 . Utahs state legislators indicated they would not support Cannon for re-election shortly after the November 1898 elections . Cannon had voted against the Dingley Act , which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry . It was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy , who now opposed his re-election . Other factors were his support for Free Silver , rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington , DC , and the fact that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats . Alfred W",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ". McCune , one of Salt Lake Citys most prominent businessmen , sought and won the backing of the LDS Church in his bid for the seat . But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election . One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast , and no winner emerged . On February 18 , a state representative accused McCune of trying to buy his vote . A seven-member legislative voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge , and although ballotting resumed on March 8 McCune still lacked enough votes to win office ( he had only 25 votes ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator ,",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Utahs U.S . Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901 . The Republicans regained their majority in the state legislature in the election of 1900 and elected a wealthy mine owner Thomas Kearns to fill the seat . The election was still hotly disputed . Kearns received only 8 votes on the first ballot , and balloting continued for four more days . On January 22 , Kearns won the election by a vote of 37-to-25 ( with a unanimous block of Republican votes ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Cannon affiliated with the Democratic Party in 1900 and served as its state chairman 1902–1904 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " After failing to be re-elected to the U.S . Senate by the Utah legislature , in part due to opposition by the Mormon hierarchy , Cannon worked as the editor of several newspapers , including The Salt Lake Tribune , the Ogden Herald ( Ogden , Utah ) and established the Ogden Standard in 1888 . Between 1904 and 1911 , Cannon consistently supported the anti-Mormon American Party in newspaper editorials .",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": "Cannon later rejected Mormonism and wrote a book , with Harvey J . OHiggins , called Under the Prophet in Utah exposing the rigidly hierarchical nature of the Mormon organization . The book denounced what the authors described as the church leaderships absolutism and interference in politics : [ Mormons ] live under an absolutism . They have no more right of judgment than a dead body . Yet the diffusion of authority is so clever that nearly every man seems to share in its operation.. . and feels himself in some degree a master without observing that he is",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": "also a slave . The book details the negotiations Cannon participated in on Utahs behalf leading to statehood in exchange for official rejection of polygamy and LDS leaderships domination of civil politics during the 1890s , and the subsequent back-sliding he observed in the years following statehood .",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": " During the last two decades of his life , he lectured against Mormonism and in support of free silver policies ( as opposed to the Gold Standard ) . He died , at the age of 74 , in Denver , in 1933 .",
"title": "Later life"
}
] |
/wiki/Frank_J._Cannon#P102#2
|
Which party was Frank J. Cannon a member of after Jan 1900?
|
Frank J . Cannon Frank Jenne Cannon ( January 25 , 1859July 25 , 1933 ) was the first United States Senator from Utah , who served from 1896 to 1899 . Early life . Born in Salt Lake City , Cannon was the eldest child of Sarah Jenne Cannon and George Q . Cannon . His father was an apostle in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and later was a member of its First Presidency . After attending the school in Salt Lake City , Frank Cannon studied at University of Deseret , graduating at the age of 19 . He married Martha Brown of Ogden in 1878 . Political career . In 1891 he helped to organize the Utah Republican Party . After a failed bid to become delegate from the Utah Territory , he succeeded and served from March 4 , 1895 , to January 4 , 1896 . Cannon was chosen in 1896 to serve as senator by the Utah Legislature in spite of LDS church leadership favoring his father for the job . He served in the United States Senate , initially , as a member of the Republican Party ; however , he later became a member of the Silver Republican Party , founded by his successor ( and future employer at The Salt Lake Tribune ) Thomas Kearns . Cannon lost re-election in 1899 . Utahs state legislators indicated they would not support Cannon for re-election shortly after the November 1898 elections . Cannon had voted against the Dingley Act , which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry . It was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy , who now opposed his re-election . Other factors were his support for Free Silver , rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington , DC , and the fact that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats . Alfred W . McCune , one of Salt Lake Citys most prominent businessmen , sought and won the backing of the LDS Church in his bid for the seat . But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election . One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast , and no winner emerged . On February 18 , a state representative accused McCune of trying to buy his vote . A seven-member legislative voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge , and although ballotting resumed on March 8 McCune still lacked enough votes to win office ( he had only 25 votes ) . The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator , Utahs U.S . Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901 . The Republicans regained their majority in the state legislature in the election of 1900 and elected a wealthy mine owner Thomas Kearns to fill the seat . The election was still hotly disputed . Kearns received only 8 votes on the first ballot , and balloting continued for four more days . On January 22 , Kearns won the election by a vote of 37-to-25 ( with a unanimous block of Republican votes ) . Cannon affiliated with the Democratic Party in 1900 and served as its state chairman 1902–1904 . Later life . After failing to be re-elected to the U.S . Senate by the Utah legislature , in part due to opposition by the Mormon hierarchy , Cannon worked as the editor of several newspapers , including The Salt Lake Tribune , the Ogden Herald ( Ogden , Utah ) and established the Ogden Standard in 1888 . Between 1904 and 1911 , Cannon consistently supported the anti-Mormon American Party in newspaper editorials . Cannon later rejected Mormonism and wrote a book , with Harvey J . OHiggins , called Under the Prophet in Utah exposing the rigidly hierarchical nature of the Mormon organization . The book denounced what the authors described as the church leaderships absolutism and interference in politics : [ Mormons ] live under an absolutism . They have no more right of judgment than a dead body . Yet the diffusion of authority is so clever that nearly every man seems to share in its operation.. . and feels himself in some degree a master without observing that he is also a slave . The book details the negotiations Cannon participated in on Utahs behalf leading to statehood in exchange for official rejection of polygamy and LDS leaderships domination of civil politics during the 1890s , and the subsequent back-sliding he observed in the years following statehood . During the last two decades of his life , he lectured against Mormonism and in support of free silver policies ( as opposed to the Gold Standard ) . He died , at the age of 74 , in Denver , in 1933 .
|
[
"Democratic Party"
] |
[
{
"text": " Frank Jenne Cannon ( January 25 , 1859July 25 , 1933 ) was the first United States Senator from Utah , who served from 1896 to 1899 .",
"title": "Frank J . Cannon"
},
{
"text": " Born in Salt Lake City , Cannon was the eldest child of Sarah Jenne Cannon and George Q . Cannon . His father was an apostle in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and later was a member of its First Presidency . After attending the school in Salt Lake City , Frank Cannon studied at University of Deseret , graduating at the age of 19 . He married Martha Brown of Ogden in 1878 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1891 he helped to organize the Utah Republican Party . After a failed bid to become delegate from the Utah Territory , he succeeded and served from March 4 , 1895 , to January 4 , 1896 . Cannon was chosen in 1896 to serve as senator by the Utah Legislature in spite of LDS church leadership favoring his father for the job . He served in the United States Senate , initially , as a member of the Republican Party ; however , he later became a member of the Silver Republican Party , founded by his successor",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "( and future employer at The Salt Lake Tribune ) Thomas Kearns .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Cannon lost re-election in 1899 . Utahs state legislators indicated they would not support Cannon for re-election shortly after the November 1898 elections . Cannon had voted against the Dingley Act , which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry . It was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy , who now opposed his re-election . Other factors were his support for Free Silver , rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington , DC , and the fact that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats . Alfred W",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ". McCune , one of Salt Lake Citys most prominent businessmen , sought and won the backing of the LDS Church in his bid for the seat . But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election . One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast , and no winner emerged . On February 18 , a state representative accused McCune of trying to buy his vote . A seven-member legislative voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge , and although ballotting resumed on March 8 McCune still lacked enough votes to win office ( he had only 25 votes ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator ,",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Utahs U.S . Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901 . The Republicans regained their majority in the state legislature in the election of 1900 and elected a wealthy mine owner Thomas Kearns to fill the seat . The election was still hotly disputed . Kearns received only 8 votes on the first ballot , and balloting continued for four more days . On January 22 , Kearns won the election by a vote of 37-to-25 ( with a unanimous block of Republican votes ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Cannon affiliated with the Democratic Party in 1900 and served as its state chairman 1902–1904 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " After failing to be re-elected to the U.S . Senate by the Utah legislature , in part due to opposition by the Mormon hierarchy , Cannon worked as the editor of several newspapers , including The Salt Lake Tribune , the Ogden Herald ( Ogden , Utah ) and established the Ogden Standard in 1888 . Between 1904 and 1911 , Cannon consistently supported the anti-Mormon American Party in newspaper editorials .",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": "Cannon later rejected Mormonism and wrote a book , with Harvey J . OHiggins , called Under the Prophet in Utah exposing the rigidly hierarchical nature of the Mormon organization . The book denounced what the authors described as the church leaderships absolutism and interference in politics : [ Mormons ] live under an absolutism . They have no more right of judgment than a dead body . Yet the diffusion of authority is so clever that nearly every man seems to share in its operation.. . and feels himself in some degree a master without observing that he is",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": "also a slave . The book details the negotiations Cannon participated in on Utahs behalf leading to statehood in exchange for official rejection of polygamy and LDS leaderships domination of civil politics during the 1890s , and the subsequent back-sliding he observed in the years following statehood .",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"text": " During the last two decades of his life , he lectured against Mormonism and in support of free silver policies ( as opposed to the Gold Standard ) . He died , at the age of 74 , in Denver , in 1933 .",
"title": "Later life"
}
] |
/wiki/Tryggve_Gran#P241#0
|
What was the military branch of Tryggve Gran before Jan 1915?
|
Tryggve Gran Jens Tryggve Herman Gran ( 20 January 1888 – 8 January 1980 ) was a Norwegian aviator , explorer and author . He was the skiing expert on the 1910–13 Scott Antarctic Expedition and was the first person to fly across the North Sea in a heavier-than-air aircraft . Background . Tryggve Gran was born in Bergen , Norway , growing up in an affluent family dominant in the shipbuilding industry . His great-grandfather Jens Gran Berle ( 1758–1828 ) , had founded a shipyard in the Laksevåg borough of the city of Bergen . His father , the shipyard owner , died when Tryggve was only five years old . In 1900 , after school in Bergen and Lillehammer , Gran was sent to a school in Lausanne , Switzerland for a year , where he learned some German and French . Three years later , he met the German emperor , Wilhelm II , a common guest with the families of Tryggves friends . Meeting the emperor made an impact on the then 14-year-old boy , who from that moment on wanted to become a naval officer . At this time , he had several years behind him as a member of the Nygaards Battalion , one of Bergens buekorps . He entered naval college in 1907 and graduated in the spring of 1910 . Career . Gran took an interest in science and exploration which in 1910 led to Fridtjof Nansen recommending his services to Robert Falcon Scott , who was in Norway at the time preparing for an expedition to the Antarctic and testing the motor tractor he intended to take with him . Scott was impressed with Gran , who was an expert skier , and Nansen convinced Scott to take Gran as ski instructor to Scotts men for the Terra Nova Expedition . Arriving in Antarctica in early January 1911 , Gran was one of the 13 expedition members involved in the laying of the supply depots needed for the attempt to reach the South Pole later that year . From November 1911 to February 1912 , while Scott and the rest of the Southern party were on their journey to the Pole , Gran accompanied the geological expedition to the western mountains led by Griffith Taylor . In November 1912 , Gran was part of the 11-man search party that found the tent containing the dead bodies of the past South Pole party . After collecting the partys personal belongings the tent was lowered over the bodies of Scott and his two companions and a 12-foot snow cairn was built over it . A pair of skis were used to form a cross over their grave . Gran travelled back to the base at Cape Evans wearing Scotts skis , reasoning that at least Scotts skis would complete the journey . Before leaving Antarctica he made an ascent of Mount Erebus with Raymond Priestley and Frederick Hooper in December 1912 , an occasion which nearly ended in disaster when an unexpected eruption caused a shower of huge pumice blocks to fall around him . On 24 July 1913 Gran was awarded the Polar Medal by King George V . On his return voyage , Gran met aviator Robert Loraine , the first pilot to cross the Irish sea , and immediately took an interest in aviation . Gran became a skilled pilot at Louis Blériots aviation school in Paris , and on 30 July 1914 , Gran became the first pilot to cross the North Sea . Taking off in his Blériot XI-2 monoplane , Ca Flotte , from Cruden Bay , Scotland , Gran landed 4 hours 10 minutes later at Jæren , near Stavanger , Norway , after a flight of .The restored , but complete and original plane is on display at the Norwegian Technical Museum in Oslo , Norway . Only five days later , the United Kingdom entered the First World War . Gran , now a first lieutenant in the Norwegian Army Air Service , volunteered for service with the Royal Flying Corps . He was rejected because of Norways neutrality . However , the rejection did not stop Gran . Under the identity of Captain Teddy Grant of Canada , he was admitted to the RFC , serving in 1916 with No . 39 Squadron on Home Defence . Gran was commissioned into the Royal Flying Corps under his own name as a probationary temporary second lieutenant on 1 January 1917 , confirmed in the rank and appointed a flying officer on 1 March 1917 , and was posted to No . 70 Squadron , flying the Sopwith Camel on the Western Front . He was appointed a flight commander on 1 January 1918 with the rank of acting-captain , and in March his seniority as second lieutenant was backdated to 1 January 1917 . Soon after he was awarded the Military Cross . His citation reading : He was promoted to acting-major on 10 September 1918 . and commanded various Royal Air Force units in Arkhangelsk and North Russia during the Allied intervention in 1919 . Gran was temporarily transferred to unemployed list on 26 April 1919 , but on 1 August was granted a permanent commission in the RAF with the rank of captain , however , this was then cancelled on 2 December 1919 . Gran finally relinquished his commission on 6 August 1921 . Gran himself claimed to have shot down German ace Hermann Göring in a dogfight on 8 or 9 September 1917 . He discovered this when he became acquainted with Göring after the war , and compared his flight logs with Görings . It could however not be verified that it was Gran who shot down Görings plane . After the war , Gran started holding lectures on aviation and his journeys to the polar areas , as well as writing books . In 1919 he was the first man to fly from London to Stockholm . In 1928 , he led a search party to find polar explorer Roald Amundsen , lost flying while trying to discover the fate of Umberto Nobiles North Pole expedition on board the Airship Italia . During the Second World War , Gran was reportedly a member of Nasjonal Samling ( NS ) , Vidkun Quislings collaborationist party . The NS used Grans hero-like status in their war propaganda , and in 1944 , a commemorative stamp was issued to mark the 30th anniversary of Grans flight across the North Sea . It has been speculated Gran feared reprisals from the pro-German fascist party because of his commitment to the Royal Air Force in the First World War . Others have speculated that his friendship with Göring and bitterness over not being offered a full-time job in the Norwegian Army Air Service may have been reasons for Gran to support the NS during the Nazi occupation of Norway . After a trial in 1948 , Gran was found guilty of treason and sentenced to a prison term of 18 months . The remainder of his life was devoted principally to writing books . Personal life . Gran was married three times . Firstly , on 29 April 1918 , in London , to actress Lily St . John ( Lilian Clara Johnson ) , marriage dissolved 1921 ; secondly in 1923 to Ingeborg Meinich ( 1902–1997 ) with whom he had two daughters , the marriage dissolved ; lastly in 1941 to Margaret Schønheyder , a renowned portrait painter . With his last wife , he had a son , Hermann who was born in 1944 . Gran was also a gifted football player , earning one cap for Norway in 1908 . This was Norways first ever international match , and was played against Sweden in Gothenburg . Sweden beat Norway 11–3 . Tryggve Gran died in his home in Grimstad , Norway on 8 January 1980 aged 91 . A memorial was unveiled in Cruden Bay during 1971 . Honours . - Order of St . Olav ( Norwegian , 1915 – returned in 1925 ) - Distinguished Service Cross ( British , First World War ) - Military Cross ( British , First World War ) Polar medal after taking part in Robert F . Scotts Antarctic expedition 1910–1911 . Légion dhonneur , France Italian Crown Publications . - Hvor sydlyset flammer – ( 1915 ) - Under britisk flagg : krigen 1914–18 – ( 1919 ) - Triumviratet – ( 1921 ) - En helt : Kaptein Scotts siste færd – ( 1924 ) - Mellom himmel og jord – ( 1927 ) - Heia – La Villa – ( 1932 ) - Stormen på Mont Blanc – ( 1933 ) - La Villa i kamp – ( 1934 ) - Slik var det : Fra kryp til flyger – ( 1945 ) - Slik var det : Gjennom livets passat – ( 1952 ) - Kampen om Sydpolen – ( 1961 ) - Første fly over Nordsjøen : Et femtiårsminne – ( 1964 ) - Fra tjuagutt til sydpolfarer – ( 1974 ) - Mitt liv mellom himmel og jord – ( 1979 )
|
[
"Norwegian Army Air Service"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jens Tryggve Herman Gran ( 20 January 1888 – 8 January 1980 ) was a Norwegian aviator , explorer and author . He was the skiing expert on the 1910–13 Scott Antarctic Expedition and was the first person to fly across the North Sea in a heavier-than-air aircraft .",
"title": "Tryggve Gran"
},
{
"text": "Tryggve Gran was born in Bergen , Norway , growing up in an affluent family dominant in the shipbuilding industry . His great-grandfather Jens Gran Berle ( 1758–1828 ) , had founded a shipyard in the Laksevåg borough of the city of Bergen . His father , the shipyard owner , died when Tryggve was only five years old . In 1900 , after school in Bergen and Lillehammer , Gran was sent to a school in Lausanne , Switzerland for a year , where he learned some German and French . Three years later , he met the German",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "emperor , Wilhelm II , a common guest with the families of Tryggves friends . Meeting the emperor made an impact on the then 14-year-old boy , who from that moment on wanted to become a naval officer . At this time , he had several years behind him as a member of the Nygaards Battalion , one of Bergens buekorps . He entered naval college in 1907 and graduated in the spring of 1910 .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " Gran took an interest in science and exploration which in 1910 led to Fridtjof Nansen recommending his services to Robert Falcon Scott , who was in Norway at the time preparing for an expedition to the Antarctic and testing the motor tractor he intended to take with him . Scott was impressed with Gran , who was an expert skier , and Nansen convinced Scott to take Gran as ski instructor to Scotts men for the Terra Nova Expedition .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Arriving in Antarctica in early January 1911 , Gran was one of the 13 expedition members involved in the laying of the supply depots needed for the attempt to reach the South Pole later that year . From November 1911 to February 1912 , while Scott and the rest of the Southern party were on their journey to the Pole , Gran accompanied the geological expedition to the western mountains led by Griffith Taylor .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In November 1912 , Gran was part of the 11-man search party that found the tent containing the dead bodies of the past South Pole party . After collecting the partys personal belongings the tent was lowered over the bodies of Scott and his two companions and a 12-foot snow cairn was built over it . A pair of skis were used to form a cross over their grave . Gran travelled back to the base at Cape Evans wearing Scotts skis , reasoning that at least Scotts skis would complete the journey . Before leaving Antarctica he made an",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "ascent of Mount Erebus with Raymond Priestley and Frederick Hooper in December 1912 , an occasion which nearly ended in disaster when an unexpected eruption caused a shower of huge pumice blocks to fall around him . On 24 July 1913 Gran was awarded the Polar Medal by King George V .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "On his return voyage , Gran met aviator Robert Loraine , the first pilot to cross the Irish sea , and immediately took an interest in aviation . Gran became a skilled pilot at Louis Blériots aviation school in Paris , and on 30 July 1914 , Gran became the first pilot to cross the North Sea . Taking off in his Blériot XI-2 monoplane , Ca Flotte , from Cruden Bay , Scotland , Gran landed 4 hours 10 minutes later at Jæren , near Stavanger , Norway , after a flight of .The restored , but complete and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "original plane is on display at the Norwegian Technical Museum in Oslo , Norway .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Only five days later , the United Kingdom entered the First World War . Gran , now a first lieutenant in the Norwegian Army Air Service , volunteered for service with the Royal Flying Corps . He was rejected because of Norways neutrality . However , the rejection did not stop Gran . Under the identity of Captain Teddy Grant of Canada , he was admitted to the RFC , serving in 1916 with No . 39 Squadron on Home Defence .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Gran was commissioned into the Royal Flying Corps under his own name as a probationary temporary second lieutenant on 1 January 1917 , confirmed in the rank and appointed a flying officer on 1 March 1917 , and was posted to No . 70 Squadron , flying the Sopwith Camel on the Western Front .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed a flight commander on 1 January 1918 with the rank of acting-captain , and in March his seniority as second lieutenant was backdated to 1 January 1917 . Soon after he was awarded the Military Cross . His citation reading :",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He was promoted to acting-major on 10 September 1918 . and commanded various Royal Air Force units in Arkhangelsk and North Russia during the Allied intervention in 1919 . Gran was temporarily transferred to unemployed list on 26 April 1919 , but on 1 August was granted a permanent commission in the RAF with the rank of captain , however , this was then cancelled on 2 December 1919 . Gran finally relinquished his commission on 6 August 1921 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Gran himself claimed to have shot down German ace Hermann Göring in a dogfight on 8 or 9 September 1917 . He discovered this when he became acquainted with Göring after the war , and compared his flight logs with Görings . It could however not be verified that it was Gran who shot down Görings plane .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "After the war , Gran started holding lectures on aviation and his journeys to the polar areas , as well as writing books . In 1919 he was the first man to fly from London to Stockholm . In 1928 , he led a search party to find polar explorer Roald Amundsen , lost flying while trying to discover the fate of Umberto Nobiles North Pole expedition on board the Airship Italia .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "During the Second World War , Gran was reportedly a member of Nasjonal Samling ( NS ) , Vidkun Quislings collaborationist party . The NS used Grans hero-like status in their war propaganda , and in 1944 , a commemorative stamp was issued to mark the 30th anniversary of Grans flight across the North Sea . It has been speculated Gran feared reprisals from the pro-German fascist party because of his commitment to the Royal Air Force in the First World War . Others have speculated that his friendship with Göring and bitterness over not being offered a full-time job",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "in the Norwegian Army Air Service may have been reasons for Gran to support the NS during the Nazi occupation of Norway .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After a trial in 1948 , Gran was found guilty of treason and sentenced to a prison term of 18 months . The remainder of his life was devoted principally to writing books .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Gran was married three times . Firstly , on 29 April 1918 , in London , to actress Lily St . John ( Lilian Clara Johnson ) , marriage dissolved 1921 ; secondly in 1923 to Ingeborg Meinich ( 1902–1997 ) with whom he had two daughters , the marriage dissolved ; lastly in 1941 to Margaret Schønheyder , a renowned portrait painter . With his last wife , he had a son , Hermann who was born in 1944 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Gran was also a gifted football player , earning one cap for Norway in 1908 . This was Norways first ever international match , and was played against Sweden in Gothenburg . Sweden beat Norway 11–3 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Tryggve Gran died in his home in Grimstad , Norway on 8 January 1980 aged 91 . A memorial was unveiled in Cruden Bay during 1971 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Order of St . Olav ( Norwegian , 1915 – returned in 1925 ) - Distinguished Service Cross ( British , First World War ) - Military Cross ( British , First World War ) Polar medal after taking part in Robert F . Scotts Antarctic expedition 1910–1911 .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Hvor sydlyset flammer – ( 1915 ) - Under britisk flagg : krigen 1914–18 – ( 1919 ) - Triumviratet – ( 1921 ) - En helt : Kaptein Scotts siste færd – ( 1924 ) - Mellom himmel og jord – ( 1927 ) - Heia – La Villa – ( 1932 ) - Stormen på Mont Blanc – ( 1933 ) - La Villa i kamp – ( 1934 ) - Slik var det : Fra kryp til flyger – ( 1945 ) - Slik var det : Gjennom livets passat – ( 1952 )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Kampen om Sydpolen – ( 1961 )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Første fly over Nordsjøen : Et femtiårsminne – ( 1964 ) - Fra tjuagutt til sydpolfarer – ( 1974 ) - Mitt liv mellom himmel og jord – ( 1979 )",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/Tryggve_Gran#P241#1
|
What was the military branch of Tryggve Gran between Apr 1917 and Aug 1917?
|
Tryggve Gran Jens Tryggve Herman Gran ( 20 January 1888 – 8 January 1980 ) was a Norwegian aviator , explorer and author . He was the skiing expert on the 1910–13 Scott Antarctic Expedition and was the first person to fly across the North Sea in a heavier-than-air aircraft . Background . Tryggve Gran was born in Bergen , Norway , growing up in an affluent family dominant in the shipbuilding industry . His great-grandfather Jens Gran Berle ( 1758–1828 ) , had founded a shipyard in the Laksevåg borough of the city of Bergen . His father , the shipyard owner , died when Tryggve was only five years old . In 1900 , after school in Bergen and Lillehammer , Gran was sent to a school in Lausanne , Switzerland for a year , where he learned some German and French . Three years later , he met the German emperor , Wilhelm II , a common guest with the families of Tryggves friends . Meeting the emperor made an impact on the then 14-year-old boy , who from that moment on wanted to become a naval officer . At this time , he had several years behind him as a member of the Nygaards Battalion , one of Bergens buekorps . He entered naval college in 1907 and graduated in the spring of 1910 . Career . Gran took an interest in science and exploration which in 1910 led to Fridtjof Nansen recommending his services to Robert Falcon Scott , who was in Norway at the time preparing for an expedition to the Antarctic and testing the motor tractor he intended to take with him . Scott was impressed with Gran , who was an expert skier , and Nansen convinced Scott to take Gran as ski instructor to Scotts men for the Terra Nova Expedition . Arriving in Antarctica in early January 1911 , Gran was one of the 13 expedition members involved in the laying of the supply depots needed for the attempt to reach the South Pole later that year . From November 1911 to February 1912 , while Scott and the rest of the Southern party were on their journey to the Pole , Gran accompanied the geological expedition to the western mountains led by Griffith Taylor . In November 1912 , Gran was part of the 11-man search party that found the tent containing the dead bodies of the past South Pole party . After collecting the partys personal belongings the tent was lowered over the bodies of Scott and his two companions and a 12-foot snow cairn was built over it . A pair of skis were used to form a cross over their grave . Gran travelled back to the base at Cape Evans wearing Scotts skis , reasoning that at least Scotts skis would complete the journey . Before leaving Antarctica he made an ascent of Mount Erebus with Raymond Priestley and Frederick Hooper in December 1912 , an occasion which nearly ended in disaster when an unexpected eruption caused a shower of huge pumice blocks to fall around him . On 24 July 1913 Gran was awarded the Polar Medal by King George V . On his return voyage , Gran met aviator Robert Loraine , the first pilot to cross the Irish sea , and immediately took an interest in aviation . Gran became a skilled pilot at Louis Blériots aviation school in Paris , and on 30 July 1914 , Gran became the first pilot to cross the North Sea . Taking off in his Blériot XI-2 monoplane , Ca Flotte , from Cruden Bay , Scotland , Gran landed 4 hours 10 minutes later at Jæren , near Stavanger , Norway , after a flight of .The restored , but complete and original plane is on display at the Norwegian Technical Museum in Oslo , Norway . Only five days later , the United Kingdom entered the First World War . Gran , now a first lieutenant in the Norwegian Army Air Service , volunteered for service with the Royal Flying Corps . He was rejected because of Norways neutrality . However , the rejection did not stop Gran . Under the identity of Captain Teddy Grant of Canada , he was admitted to the RFC , serving in 1916 with No . 39 Squadron on Home Defence . Gran was commissioned into the Royal Flying Corps under his own name as a probationary temporary second lieutenant on 1 January 1917 , confirmed in the rank and appointed a flying officer on 1 March 1917 , and was posted to No . 70 Squadron , flying the Sopwith Camel on the Western Front . He was appointed a flight commander on 1 January 1918 with the rank of acting-captain , and in March his seniority as second lieutenant was backdated to 1 January 1917 . Soon after he was awarded the Military Cross . His citation reading : He was promoted to acting-major on 10 September 1918 . and commanded various Royal Air Force units in Arkhangelsk and North Russia during the Allied intervention in 1919 . Gran was temporarily transferred to unemployed list on 26 April 1919 , but on 1 August was granted a permanent commission in the RAF with the rank of captain , however , this was then cancelled on 2 December 1919 . Gran finally relinquished his commission on 6 August 1921 . Gran himself claimed to have shot down German ace Hermann Göring in a dogfight on 8 or 9 September 1917 . He discovered this when he became acquainted with Göring after the war , and compared his flight logs with Görings . It could however not be verified that it was Gran who shot down Görings plane . After the war , Gran started holding lectures on aviation and his journeys to the polar areas , as well as writing books . In 1919 he was the first man to fly from London to Stockholm . In 1928 , he led a search party to find polar explorer Roald Amundsen , lost flying while trying to discover the fate of Umberto Nobiles North Pole expedition on board the Airship Italia . During the Second World War , Gran was reportedly a member of Nasjonal Samling ( NS ) , Vidkun Quislings collaborationist party . The NS used Grans hero-like status in their war propaganda , and in 1944 , a commemorative stamp was issued to mark the 30th anniversary of Grans flight across the North Sea . It has been speculated Gran feared reprisals from the pro-German fascist party because of his commitment to the Royal Air Force in the First World War . Others have speculated that his friendship with Göring and bitterness over not being offered a full-time job in the Norwegian Army Air Service may have been reasons for Gran to support the NS during the Nazi occupation of Norway . After a trial in 1948 , Gran was found guilty of treason and sentenced to a prison term of 18 months . The remainder of his life was devoted principally to writing books . Personal life . Gran was married three times . Firstly , on 29 April 1918 , in London , to actress Lily St . John ( Lilian Clara Johnson ) , marriage dissolved 1921 ; secondly in 1923 to Ingeborg Meinich ( 1902–1997 ) with whom he had two daughters , the marriage dissolved ; lastly in 1941 to Margaret Schønheyder , a renowned portrait painter . With his last wife , he had a son , Hermann who was born in 1944 . Gran was also a gifted football player , earning one cap for Norway in 1908 . This was Norways first ever international match , and was played against Sweden in Gothenburg . Sweden beat Norway 11–3 . Tryggve Gran died in his home in Grimstad , Norway on 8 January 1980 aged 91 . A memorial was unveiled in Cruden Bay during 1971 . Honours . - Order of St . Olav ( Norwegian , 1915 – returned in 1925 ) - Distinguished Service Cross ( British , First World War ) - Military Cross ( British , First World War ) Polar medal after taking part in Robert F . Scotts Antarctic expedition 1910–1911 . Légion dhonneur , France Italian Crown Publications . - Hvor sydlyset flammer – ( 1915 ) - Under britisk flagg : krigen 1914–18 – ( 1919 ) - Triumviratet – ( 1921 ) - En helt : Kaptein Scotts siste færd – ( 1924 ) - Mellom himmel og jord – ( 1927 ) - Heia – La Villa – ( 1932 ) - Stormen på Mont Blanc – ( 1933 ) - La Villa i kamp – ( 1934 ) - Slik var det : Fra kryp til flyger – ( 1945 ) - Slik var det : Gjennom livets passat – ( 1952 ) - Kampen om Sydpolen – ( 1961 ) - Første fly over Nordsjøen : Et femtiårsminne – ( 1964 ) - Fra tjuagutt til sydpolfarer – ( 1974 ) - Mitt liv mellom himmel og jord – ( 1979 )
|
[
"Royal Flying Corps"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jens Tryggve Herman Gran ( 20 January 1888 – 8 January 1980 ) was a Norwegian aviator , explorer and author . He was the skiing expert on the 1910–13 Scott Antarctic Expedition and was the first person to fly across the North Sea in a heavier-than-air aircraft .",
"title": "Tryggve Gran"
},
{
"text": "Tryggve Gran was born in Bergen , Norway , growing up in an affluent family dominant in the shipbuilding industry . His great-grandfather Jens Gran Berle ( 1758–1828 ) , had founded a shipyard in the Laksevåg borough of the city of Bergen . His father , the shipyard owner , died when Tryggve was only five years old . In 1900 , after school in Bergen and Lillehammer , Gran was sent to a school in Lausanne , Switzerland for a year , where he learned some German and French . Three years later , he met the German",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "emperor , Wilhelm II , a common guest with the families of Tryggves friends . Meeting the emperor made an impact on the then 14-year-old boy , who from that moment on wanted to become a naval officer . At this time , he had several years behind him as a member of the Nygaards Battalion , one of Bergens buekorps . He entered naval college in 1907 and graduated in the spring of 1910 .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " Gran took an interest in science and exploration which in 1910 led to Fridtjof Nansen recommending his services to Robert Falcon Scott , who was in Norway at the time preparing for an expedition to the Antarctic and testing the motor tractor he intended to take with him . Scott was impressed with Gran , who was an expert skier , and Nansen convinced Scott to take Gran as ski instructor to Scotts men for the Terra Nova Expedition .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Arriving in Antarctica in early January 1911 , Gran was one of the 13 expedition members involved in the laying of the supply depots needed for the attempt to reach the South Pole later that year . From November 1911 to February 1912 , while Scott and the rest of the Southern party were on their journey to the Pole , Gran accompanied the geological expedition to the western mountains led by Griffith Taylor .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In November 1912 , Gran was part of the 11-man search party that found the tent containing the dead bodies of the past South Pole party . After collecting the partys personal belongings the tent was lowered over the bodies of Scott and his two companions and a 12-foot snow cairn was built over it . A pair of skis were used to form a cross over their grave . Gran travelled back to the base at Cape Evans wearing Scotts skis , reasoning that at least Scotts skis would complete the journey . Before leaving Antarctica he made an",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "ascent of Mount Erebus with Raymond Priestley and Frederick Hooper in December 1912 , an occasion which nearly ended in disaster when an unexpected eruption caused a shower of huge pumice blocks to fall around him . On 24 July 1913 Gran was awarded the Polar Medal by King George V .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "On his return voyage , Gran met aviator Robert Loraine , the first pilot to cross the Irish sea , and immediately took an interest in aviation . Gran became a skilled pilot at Louis Blériots aviation school in Paris , and on 30 July 1914 , Gran became the first pilot to cross the North Sea . Taking off in his Blériot XI-2 monoplane , Ca Flotte , from Cruden Bay , Scotland , Gran landed 4 hours 10 minutes later at Jæren , near Stavanger , Norway , after a flight of .The restored , but complete and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "original plane is on display at the Norwegian Technical Museum in Oslo , Norway .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Only five days later , the United Kingdom entered the First World War . Gran , now a first lieutenant in the Norwegian Army Air Service , volunteered for service with the Royal Flying Corps . He was rejected because of Norways neutrality . However , the rejection did not stop Gran . Under the identity of Captain Teddy Grant of Canada , he was admitted to the RFC , serving in 1916 with No . 39 Squadron on Home Defence .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Gran was commissioned into the Royal Flying Corps under his own name as a probationary temporary second lieutenant on 1 January 1917 , confirmed in the rank and appointed a flying officer on 1 March 1917 , and was posted to No . 70 Squadron , flying the Sopwith Camel on the Western Front .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed a flight commander on 1 January 1918 with the rank of acting-captain , and in March his seniority as second lieutenant was backdated to 1 January 1917 . Soon after he was awarded the Military Cross . His citation reading :",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He was promoted to acting-major on 10 September 1918 . and commanded various Royal Air Force units in Arkhangelsk and North Russia during the Allied intervention in 1919 . Gran was temporarily transferred to unemployed list on 26 April 1919 , but on 1 August was granted a permanent commission in the RAF with the rank of captain , however , this was then cancelled on 2 December 1919 . Gran finally relinquished his commission on 6 August 1921 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Gran himself claimed to have shot down German ace Hermann Göring in a dogfight on 8 or 9 September 1917 . He discovered this when he became acquainted with Göring after the war , and compared his flight logs with Görings . It could however not be verified that it was Gran who shot down Görings plane .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "After the war , Gran started holding lectures on aviation and his journeys to the polar areas , as well as writing books . In 1919 he was the first man to fly from London to Stockholm . In 1928 , he led a search party to find polar explorer Roald Amundsen , lost flying while trying to discover the fate of Umberto Nobiles North Pole expedition on board the Airship Italia .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "During the Second World War , Gran was reportedly a member of Nasjonal Samling ( NS ) , Vidkun Quislings collaborationist party . The NS used Grans hero-like status in their war propaganda , and in 1944 , a commemorative stamp was issued to mark the 30th anniversary of Grans flight across the North Sea . It has been speculated Gran feared reprisals from the pro-German fascist party because of his commitment to the Royal Air Force in the First World War . Others have speculated that his friendship with Göring and bitterness over not being offered a full-time job",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "in the Norwegian Army Air Service may have been reasons for Gran to support the NS during the Nazi occupation of Norway .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After a trial in 1948 , Gran was found guilty of treason and sentenced to a prison term of 18 months . The remainder of his life was devoted principally to writing books .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Gran was married three times . Firstly , on 29 April 1918 , in London , to actress Lily St . John ( Lilian Clara Johnson ) , marriage dissolved 1921 ; secondly in 1923 to Ingeborg Meinich ( 1902–1997 ) with whom he had two daughters , the marriage dissolved ; lastly in 1941 to Margaret Schønheyder , a renowned portrait painter . With his last wife , he had a son , Hermann who was born in 1944 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Gran was also a gifted football player , earning one cap for Norway in 1908 . This was Norways first ever international match , and was played against Sweden in Gothenburg . Sweden beat Norway 11–3 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Tryggve Gran died in his home in Grimstad , Norway on 8 January 1980 aged 91 . A memorial was unveiled in Cruden Bay during 1971 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Order of St . Olav ( Norwegian , 1915 – returned in 1925 ) - Distinguished Service Cross ( British , First World War ) - Military Cross ( British , First World War ) Polar medal after taking part in Robert F . Scotts Antarctic expedition 1910–1911 .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Hvor sydlyset flammer – ( 1915 ) - Under britisk flagg : krigen 1914–18 – ( 1919 ) - Triumviratet – ( 1921 ) - En helt : Kaptein Scotts siste færd – ( 1924 ) - Mellom himmel og jord – ( 1927 ) - Heia – La Villa – ( 1932 ) - Stormen på Mont Blanc – ( 1933 ) - La Villa i kamp – ( 1934 ) - Slik var det : Fra kryp til flyger – ( 1945 ) - Slik var det : Gjennom livets passat – ( 1952 )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Kampen om Sydpolen – ( 1961 )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Første fly over Nordsjøen : Et femtiårsminne – ( 1964 ) - Fra tjuagutt til sydpolfarer – ( 1974 ) - Mitt liv mellom himmel og jord – ( 1979 )",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/Tryggve_Gran#P241#2
|
What was the military branch of Tryggve Gran between Oct 1918 and Dec 1918?
|
Tryggve Gran Jens Tryggve Herman Gran ( 20 January 1888 – 8 January 1980 ) was a Norwegian aviator , explorer and author . He was the skiing expert on the 1910–13 Scott Antarctic Expedition and was the first person to fly across the North Sea in a heavier-than-air aircraft . Background . Tryggve Gran was born in Bergen , Norway , growing up in an affluent family dominant in the shipbuilding industry . His great-grandfather Jens Gran Berle ( 1758–1828 ) , had founded a shipyard in the Laksevåg borough of the city of Bergen . His father , the shipyard owner , died when Tryggve was only five years old . In 1900 , after school in Bergen and Lillehammer , Gran was sent to a school in Lausanne , Switzerland for a year , where he learned some German and French . Three years later , he met the German emperor , Wilhelm II , a common guest with the families of Tryggves friends . Meeting the emperor made an impact on the then 14-year-old boy , who from that moment on wanted to become a naval officer . At this time , he had several years behind him as a member of the Nygaards Battalion , one of Bergens buekorps . He entered naval college in 1907 and graduated in the spring of 1910 . Career . Gran took an interest in science and exploration which in 1910 led to Fridtjof Nansen recommending his services to Robert Falcon Scott , who was in Norway at the time preparing for an expedition to the Antarctic and testing the motor tractor he intended to take with him . Scott was impressed with Gran , who was an expert skier , and Nansen convinced Scott to take Gran as ski instructor to Scotts men for the Terra Nova Expedition . Arriving in Antarctica in early January 1911 , Gran was one of the 13 expedition members involved in the laying of the supply depots needed for the attempt to reach the South Pole later that year . From November 1911 to February 1912 , while Scott and the rest of the Southern party were on their journey to the Pole , Gran accompanied the geological expedition to the western mountains led by Griffith Taylor . In November 1912 , Gran was part of the 11-man search party that found the tent containing the dead bodies of the past South Pole party . After collecting the partys personal belongings the tent was lowered over the bodies of Scott and his two companions and a 12-foot snow cairn was built over it . A pair of skis were used to form a cross over their grave . Gran travelled back to the base at Cape Evans wearing Scotts skis , reasoning that at least Scotts skis would complete the journey . Before leaving Antarctica he made an ascent of Mount Erebus with Raymond Priestley and Frederick Hooper in December 1912 , an occasion which nearly ended in disaster when an unexpected eruption caused a shower of huge pumice blocks to fall around him . On 24 July 1913 Gran was awarded the Polar Medal by King George V . On his return voyage , Gran met aviator Robert Loraine , the first pilot to cross the Irish sea , and immediately took an interest in aviation . Gran became a skilled pilot at Louis Blériots aviation school in Paris , and on 30 July 1914 , Gran became the first pilot to cross the North Sea . Taking off in his Blériot XI-2 monoplane , Ca Flotte , from Cruden Bay , Scotland , Gran landed 4 hours 10 minutes later at Jæren , near Stavanger , Norway , after a flight of .The restored , but complete and original plane is on display at the Norwegian Technical Museum in Oslo , Norway . Only five days later , the United Kingdom entered the First World War . Gran , now a first lieutenant in the Norwegian Army Air Service , volunteered for service with the Royal Flying Corps . He was rejected because of Norways neutrality . However , the rejection did not stop Gran . Under the identity of Captain Teddy Grant of Canada , he was admitted to the RFC , serving in 1916 with No . 39 Squadron on Home Defence . Gran was commissioned into the Royal Flying Corps under his own name as a probationary temporary second lieutenant on 1 January 1917 , confirmed in the rank and appointed a flying officer on 1 March 1917 , and was posted to No . 70 Squadron , flying the Sopwith Camel on the Western Front . He was appointed a flight commander on 1 January 1918 with the rank of acting-captain , and in March his seniority as second lieutenant was backdated to 1 January 1917 . Soon after he was awarded the Military Cross . His citation reading : He was promoted to acting-major on 10 September 1918 . and commanded various Royal Air Force units in Arkhangelsk and North Russia during the Allied intervention in 1919 . Gran was temporarily transferred to unemployed list on 26 April 1919 , but on 1 August was granted a permanent commission in the RAF with the rank of captain , however , this was then cancelled on 2 December 1919 . Gran finally relinquished his commission on 6 August 1921 . Gran himself claimed to have shot down German ace Hermann Göring in a dogfight on 8 or 9 September 1917 . He discovered this when he became acquainted with Göring after the war , and compared his flight logs with Görings . It could however not be verified that it was Gran who shot down Görings plane . After the war , Gran started holding lectures on aviation and his journeys to the polar areas , as well as writing books . In 1919 he was the first man to fly from London to Stockholm . In 1928 , he led a search party to find polar explorer Roald Amundsen , lost flying while trying to discover the fate of Umberto Nobiles North Pole expedition on board the Airship Italia . During the Second World War , Gran was reportedly a member of Nasjonal Samling ( NS ) , Vidkun Quislings collaborationist party . The NS used Grans hero-like status in their war propaganda , and in 1944 , a commemorative stamp was issued to mark the 30th anniversary of Grans flight across the North Sea . It has been speculated Gran feared reprisals from the pro-German fascist party because of his commitment to the Royal Air Force in the First World War . Others have speculated that his friendship with Göring and bitterness over not being offered a full-time job in the Norwegian Army Air Service may have been reasons for Gran to support the NS during the Nazi occupation of Norway . After a trial in 1948 , Gran was found guilty of treason and sentenced to a prison term of 18 months . The remainder of his life was devoted principally to writing books . Personal life . Gran was married three times . Firstly , on 29 April 1918 , in London , to actress Lily St . John ( Lilian Clara Johnson ) , marriage dissolved 1921 ; secondly in 1923 to Ingeborg Meinich ( 1902–1997 ) with whom he had two daughters , the marriage dissolved ; lastly in 1941 to Margaret Schønheyder , a renowned portrait painter . With his last wife , he had a son , Hermann who was born in 1944 . Gran was also a gifted football player , earning one cap for Norway in 1908 . This was Norways first ever international match , and was played against Sweden in Gothenburg . Sweden beat Norway 11–3 . Tryggve Gran died in his home in Grimstad , Norway on 8 January 1980 aged 91 . A memorial was unveiled in Cruden Bay during 1971 . Honours . - Order of St . Olav ( Norwegian , 1915 – returned in 1925 ) - Distinguished Service Cross ( British , First World War ) - Military Cross ( British , First World War ) Polar medal after taking part in Robert F . Scotts Antarctic expedition 1910–1911 . Légion dhonneur , France Italian Crown Publications . - Hvor sydlyset flammer – ( 1915 ) - Under britisk flagg : krigen 1914–18 – ( 1919 ) - Triumviratet – ( 1921 ) - En helt : Kaptein Scotts siste færd – ( 1924 ) - Mellom himmel og jord – ( 1927 ) - Heia – La Villa – ( 1932 ) - Stormen på Mont Blanc – ( 1933 ) - La Villa i kamp – ( 1934 ) - Slik var det : Fra kryp til flyger – ( 1945 ) - Slik var det : Gjennom livets passat – ( 1952 ) - Kampen om Sydpolen – ( 1961 ) - Første fly over Nordsjøen : Et femtiårsminne – ( 1964 ) - Fra tjuagutt til sydpolfarer – ( 1974 ) - Mitt liv mellom himmel og jord – ( 1979 )
|
[
"Royal Air Force"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jens Tryggve Herman Gran ( 20 January 1888 – 8 January 1980 ) was a Norwegian aviator , explorer and author . He was the skiing expert on the 1910–13 Scott Antarctic Expedition and was the first person to fly across the North Sea in a heavier-than-air aircraft .",
"title": "Tryggve Gran"
},
{
"text": "Tryggve Gran was born in Bergen , Norway , growing up in an affluent family dominant in the shipbuilding industry . His great-grandfather Jens Gran Berle ( 1758–1828 ) , had founded a shipyard in the Laksevåg borough of the city of Bergen . His father , the shipyard owner , died when Tryggve was only five years old . In 1900 , after school in Bergen and Lillehammer , Gran was sent to a school in Lausanne , Switzerland for a year , where he learned some German and French . Three years later , he met the German",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "emperor , Wilhelm II , a common guest with the families of Tryggves friends . Meeting the emperor made an impact on the then 14-year-old boy , who from that moment on wanted to become a naval officer . At this time , he had several years behind him as a member of the Nygaards Battalion , one of Bergens buekorps . He entered naval college in 1907 and graduated in the spring of 1910 .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " Gran took an interest in science and exploration which in 1910 led to Fridtjof Nansen recommending his services to Robert Falcon Scott , who was in Norway at the time preparing for an expedition to the Antarctic and testing the motor tractor he intended to take with him . Scott was impressed with Gran , who was an expert skier , and Nansen convinced Scott to take Gran as ski instructor to Scotts men for the Terra Nova Expedition .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Arriving in Antarctica in early January 1911 , Gran was one of the 13 expedition members involved in the laying of the supply depots needed for the attempt to reach the South Pole later that year . From November 1911 to February 1912 , while Scott and the rest of the Southern party were on their journey to the Pole , Gran accompanied the geological expedition to the western mountains led by Griffith Taylor .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In November 1912 , Gran was part of the 11-man search party that found the tent containing the dead bodies of the past South Pole party . After collecting the partys personal belongings the tent was lowered over the bodies of Scott and his two companions and a 12-foot snow cairn was built over it . A pair of skis were used to form a cross over their grave . Gran travelled back to the base at Cape Evans wearing Scotts skis , reasoning that at least Scotts skis would complete the journey . Before leaving Antarctica he made an",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "ascent of Mount Erebus with Raymond Priestley and Frederick Hooper in December 1912 , an occasion which nearly ended in disaster when an unexpected eruption caused a shower of huge pumice blocks to fall around him . On 24 July 1913 Gran was awarded the Polar Medal by King George V .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "On his return voyage , Gran met aviator Robert Loraine , the first pilot to cross the Irish sea , and immediately took an interest in aviation . Gran became a skilled pilot at Louis Blériots aviation school in Paris , and on 30 July 1914 , Gran became the first pilot to cross the North Sea . Taking off in his Blériot XI-2 monoplane , Ca Flotte , from Cruden Bay , Scotland , Gran landed 4 hours 10 minutes later at Jæren , near Stavanger , Norway , after a flight of .The restored , but complete and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "original plane is on display at the Norwegian Technical Museum in Oslo , Norway .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Only five days later , the United Kingdom entered the First World War . Gran , now a first lieutenant in the Norwegian Army Air Service , volunteered for service with the Royal Flying Corps . He was rejected because of Norways neutrality . However , the rejection did not stop Gran . Under the identity of Captain Teddy Grant of Canada , he was admitted to the RFC , serving in 1916 with No . 39 Squadron on Home Defence .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Gran was commissioned into the Royal Flying Corps under his own name as a probationary temporary second lieutenant on 1 January 1917 , confirmed in the rank and appointed a flying officer on 1 March 1917 , and was posted to No . 70 Squadron , flying the Sopwith Camel on the Western Front .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed a flight commander on 1 January 1918 with the rank of acting-captain , and in March his seniority as second lieutenant was backdated to 1 January 1917 . Soon after he was awarded the Military Cross . His citation reading :",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He was promoted to acting-major on 10 September 1918 . and commanded various Royal Air Force units in Arkhangelsk and North Russia during the Allied intervention in 1919 . Gran was temporarily transferred to unemployed list on 26 April 1919 , but on 1 August was granted a permanent commission in the RAF with the rank of captain , however , this was then cancelled on 2 December 1919 . Gran finally relinquished his commission on 6 August 1921 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Gran himself claimed to have shot down German ace Hermann Göring in a dogfight on 8 or 9 September 1917 . He discovered this when he became acquainted with Göring after the war , and compared his flight logs with Görings . It could however not be verified that it was Gran who shot down Görings plane .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "After the war , Gran started holding lectures on aviation and his journeys to the polar areas , as well as writing books . In 1919 he was the first man to fly from London to Stockholm . In 1928 , he led a search party to find polar explorer Roald Amundsen , lost flying while trying to discover the fate of Umberto Nobiles North Pole expedition on board the Airship Italia .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "During the Second World War , Gran was reportedly a member of Nasjonal Samling ( NS ) , Vidkun Quislings collaborationist party . The NS used Grans hero-like status in their war propaganda , and in 1944 , a commemorative stamp was issued to mark the 30th anniversary of Grans flight across the North Sea . It has been speculated Gran feared reprisals from the pro-German fascist party because of his commitment to the Royal Air Force in the First World War . Others have speculated that his friendship with Göring and bitterness over not being offered a full-time job",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "in the Norwegian Army Air Service may have been reasons for Gran to support the NS during the Nazi occupation of Norway .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After a trial in 1948 , Gran was found guilty of treason and sentenced to a prison term of 18 months . The remainder of his life was devoted principally to writing books .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Gran was married three times . Firstly , on 29 April 1918 , in London , to actress Lily St . John ( Lilian Clara Johnson ) , marriage dissolved 1921 ; secondly in 1923 to Ingeborg Meinich ( 1902–1997 ) with whom he had two daughters , the marriage dissolved ; lastly in 1941 to Margaret Schønheyder , a renowned portrait painter . With his last wife , he had a son , Hermann who was born in 1944 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Gran was also a gifted football player , earning one cap for Norway in 1908 . This was Norways first ever international match , and was played against Sweden in Gothenburg . Sweden beat Norway 11–3 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Tryggve Gran died in his home in Grimstad , Norway on 8 January 1980 aged 91 . A memorial was unveiled in Cruden Bay during 1971 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Order of St . Olav ( Norwegian , 1915 – returned in 1925 ) - Distinguished Service Cross ( British , First World War ) - Military Cross ( British , First World War ) Polar medal after taking part in Robert F . Scotts Antarctic expedition 1910–1911 .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Hvor sydlyset flammer – ( 1915 ) - Under britisk flagg : krigen 1914–18 – ( 1919 ) - Triumviratet – ( 1921 ) - En helt : Kaptein Scotts siste færd – ( 1924 ) - Mellom himmel og jord – ( 1927 ) - Heia – La Villa – ( 1932 ) - Stormen på Mont Blanc – ( 1933 ) - La Villa i kamp – ( 1934 ) - Slik var det : Fra kryp til flyger – ( 1945 ) - Slik var det : Gjennom livets passat – ( 1952 )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Kampen om Sydpolen – ( 1961 )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Første fly over Nordsjøen : Et femtiårsminne – ( 1964 ) - Fra tjuagutt til sydpolfarer – ( 1974 ) - Mitt liv mellom himmel og jord – ( 1979 )",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/Lawrence_Macdonald#P937#0
|
What was the working location for Lawrence Macdonald between Jul 1823 and Mar 1824?
|
Lawrence Macdonald Lawrence Macdonald sometimes Laurence Macdonald ( 15 February 1799 – 4 March 1878 ) was a Scottish sculptor . Life . Macdonald was born on 15 February 1799 at Findo Gask in Perthshire , Scotland to Margaret Morison and Alexander Macdonald , a violinist . He was apprenticed as a stonemason with Thomas Gibson , who was then building the Murray Royal Asylum , outside Perth , and about this time he carved the arms of Robert Graeme on the front of Garvock House . Coming to Edinburgh with an introduction to the architect James Gillespie Graham , who proved a helpful patron , he worked as an ornamental sculptor . On 26 February 1822 he entered the Trustees Academy , Edinburgh , then on Picardy Place . In late 1822 he went to Rome to study , where he executed several busts , among others that of the John Murray , 4th Duke of Atholl . In 1823 , along with Gibson , Severn , and other artists , he founded the British Academy of Arts in Rome , of which he continued as a trustee until his death . After approximately four year he returned to Edinburgh , and there produced busts of Professor John Wilson and George Combe , the phrenologist . In 1829 , he sent his bust of John Marshall , MP , to the Royal Academy , and he was a frequent contributor to the succeeding exhibitions . In the autumn of 1829 , he exhibited in the Royal Institution , Edinburgh , his colossal group of ‘Ajax bearing the dead body of Patroclus and combating ‘an warrior’ and other works ; and he was second to his friend Charles Maclaren , editor of the ‘Scotsman,‘ in his bloodless duel with Dr . James Browne , editor of the ‘Caledonian Mercury,’ fought near Edinburgh in November 1829 , which arose partly out of an article in the ‘Mercury’ ( 6 November ) on Macdonald’s works and the ‘Scotsman‘s’ criticisms upon them . In the same year he was elected a member of the Scottish Academy , where in 1832 , he exhibited several busts , including those of J . Gibson Lochhart and the Earl Erroll ; but be seldom contributed here , and resigned his membership in 1858 . He appeared in the list of honorary members in 1867 . At this time he is shown as living at 10 Cumberland Street in Edinburghs Second New Town . In 1832 he returned to Rome , where he occupied a leading position as a sculptor , chiefly producing portrait busts , aided by his elder brother , John , and his son , Alexander . His bust of Philip Henry , fifth Earl Stanhope , is now at Chevening , Kent , and a copy is in the National Portrait Gallery , London . He also executed busts of Walter Scott ( 1831 ) , Fanny Kemble , Sir David Baird . and James Gillespie Graham . Among his ideal works are ‘A Girl and a Carrier Pigeon,’ 1835 , and ‘Eurydice,’ 1849 . His ‘Ulysses recognised by his dog,’ shown in the Paris Exhibition of 1855 , was much admired , and became the property of Lord Kilmorey . He died in Rome . Several sculptors trained under him , including William Brodie . Principal Works . Whilst Macdonald made statues of classical and mythological figures , all his portraiture was in the form of busts . - James Gillespie Graham ( 1827 ) - The Duke of Atholl , Blair Atholl , ( 1827 ) - Robert Phillips , ( 1829 ) - Earl of Errol ( 1832 ) - Viscountess Canning , Highcliffe Castle ( 1838 ) - Lord Alexander Russell , Woburn Abbey ( 1839 ) - Lady Ebury , Apsley House ( 1839 ) - Lord Charles Montagu , Kimbolton Castle ( 1840 ) - Sir Henry Taylor , National Portrait Gallery , London ( 1843 ) - Lord Compton , Castle Ashby ( 1843 ) - Mary Somerville , ( 1844 ) - The Duke of Cambridge , Windsor Castle ( 1846 ) - The Hon Mrs Sidney Herbert , Wilton House ( 1848 ) - Statue of Hyacinthus , Windsor Castle ( 1852 ) - Duke of Northumberland ( 1853 ) - Earl Stanhope , Chevening House , Kent ( 1854 ) - Bacchante at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 ) - Venus at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 ) - Watts Russell , Ilam Church , Staffordshire ( 1863 ) - Earl Stanhope , Chevening , Kent ( n.d. ) - George Combe , Scottish National Portrait Gallery ( n.d. ) - Euphemia Murray , Perth Museum ( n.d. ) In Literature . Letitia Elizabeth Landon published her poem Lines . Supposed to be the Prayer of the Supplicating Nymph in Mr . Lawrence Macdonald’s Exhibition of Sculptures in the Literary Gazette in 1831 . References . - List of works selected from the Dictionary of British Sculptors , 1660-1851 , by Rupert Gunnis - Attribution
|
[
"Rome"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lawrence Macdonald sometimes Laurence Macdonald ( 15 February 1799 – 4 March 1878 ) was a Scottish sculptor .",
"title": "Lawrence Macdonald"
},
{
"text": " Macdonald was born on 15 February 1799 at Findo Gask in Perthshire , Scotland to Margaret Morison and Alexander Macdonald , a violinist .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "He was apprenticed as a stonemason with Thomas Gibson , who was then building the Murray Royal Asylum , outside Perth , and about this time he carved the arms of Robert Graeme on the front of Garvock House . Coming to Edinburgh with an introduction to the architect James Gillespie Graham , who proved a helpful patron , he worked as an ornamental sculptor . On 26 February 1822 he entered the Trustees Academy , Edinburgh , then on Picardy Place .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " In late 1822 he went to Rome to study , where he executed several busts , among others that of the John Murray , 4th Duke of Atholl . In 1823 , along with Gibson , Severn , and other artists , he founded the British Academy of Arts in Rome , of which he continued as a trustee until his death .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "After approximately four year he returned to Edinburgh , and there produced busts of Professor John Wilson and George Combe , the phrenologist . In 1829 , he sent his bust of John Marshall , MP , to the Royal Academy , and he was a frequent contributor to the succeeding exhibitions . In the autumn of 1829 , he exhibited in the Royal Institution , Edinburgh , his colossal group of ‘Ajax bearing the dead body of Patroclus and combating ‘an warrior’ and other works ; and he was second to his friend Charles Maclaren , editor of the",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "‘Scotsman,‘ in his bloodless duel with Dr . James Browne , editor of the ‘Caledonian Mercury,’ fought near Edinburgh in November 1829 , which arose partly out of an article in the ‘Mercury’ ( 6 November ) on Macdonald’s works and the ‘Scotsman‘s’ criticisms upon them . In the same year he was elected a member of the Scottish Academy , where in 1832 , he exhibited several busts , including those of J . Gibson Lochhart and the Earl Erroll ; but be seldom contributed here , and resigned his membership in 1858 . He appeared in the list",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "of honorary members in 1867 . At this time he is shown as living at 10 Cumberland Street in Edinburghs Second New Town .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " In 1832 he returned to Rome , where he occupied a leading position as a sculptor , chiefly producing portrait busts , aided by his elder brother , John , and his son , Alexander . His bust of Philip Henry , fifth Earl Stanhope , is now at Chevening , Kent , and a copy is in the National Portrait Gallery , London .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "He also executed busts of Walter Scott ( 1831 ) , Fanny Kemble , Sir David Baird . and James Gillespie Graham . Among his ideal works are ‘A Girl and a Carrier Pigeon,’ 1835 , and ‘Eurydice,’ 1849 . His ‘Ulysses recognised by his dog,’ shown in the Paris Exhibition of 1855 , was much admired , and became the property of Lord Kilmorey .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " He died in Rome . Several sculptors trained under him , including William Brodie .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " Whilst Macdonald made statues of classical and mythological figures , all his portraiture was in the form of busts . - James Gillespie Graham ( 1827 ) - The Duke of Atholl , Blair Atholl , ( 1827 ) - Robert Phillips , ( 1829 ) - Earl of Errol ( 1832 ) - Viscountess Canning , Highcliffe Castle ( 1838 ) - Lord Alexander Russell , Woburn Abbey ( 1839 ) - Lady Ebury , Apsley House ( 1839 ) - Lord Charles Montagu , Kimbolton Castle ( 1840 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": "- Sir Henry Taylor , National Portrait Gallery , London ( 1843 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": " - Lord Compton , Castle Ashby ( 1843 ) - Mary Somerville , ( 1844 ) - The Duke of Cambridge , Windsor Castle ( 1846 ) - The Hon Mrs Sidney Herbert , Wilton House ( 1848 ) - Statue of Hyacinthus , Windsor Castle ( 1852 ) - Duke of Northumberland ( 1853 ) - Earl Stanhope , Chevening House , Kent ( 1854 ) - Bacchante at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 ) - Venus at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": "- Watts Russell , Ilam Church , Staffordshire ( 1863 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": " - Earl Stanhope , Chevening , Kent ( n.d. ) - George Combe , Scottish National Portrait Gallery ( n.d. ) - Euphemia Murray , Perth Museum ( n.d. )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": " Letitia Elizabeth Landon published her poem Lines . Supposed to be the Prayer of the Supplicating Nymph in Mr . Lawrence Macdonald’s Exhibition of Sculptures in the Literary Gazette in 1831 .",
"title": "In Literature"
},
{
"text": " - List of works selected from the Dictionary of British Sculptors , 1660-1851 , by Rupert Gunnis - Attribution",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Lawrence_Macdonald#P937#1
|
What was the working location for Lawrence Macdonald in Jul 1831?
|
Lawrence Macdonald Lawrence Macdonald sometimes Laurence Macdonald ( 15 February 1799 – 4 March 1878 ) was a Scottish sculptor . Life . Macdonald was born on 15 February 1799 at Findo Gask in Perthshire , Scotland to Margaret Morison and Alexander Macdonald , a violinist . He was apprenticed as a stonemason with Thomas Gibson , who was then building the Murray Royal Asylum , outside Perth , and about this time he carved the arms of Robert Graeme on the front of Garvock House . Coming to Edinburgh with an introduction to the architect James Gillespie Graham , who proved a helpful patron , he worked as an ornamental sculptor . On 26 February 1822 he entered the Trustees Academy , Edinburgh , then on Picardy Place . In late 1822 he went to Rome to study , where he executed several busts , among others that of the John Murray , 4th Duke of Atholl . In 1823 , along with Gibson , Severn , and other artists , he founded the British Academy of Arts in Rome , of which he continued as a trustee until his death . After approximately four year he returned to Edinburgh , and there produced busts of Professor John Wilson and George Combe , the phrenologist . In 1829 , he sent his bust of John Marshall , MP , to the Royal Academy , and he was a frequent contributor to the succeeding exhibitions . In the autumn of 1829 , he exhibited in the Royal Institution , Edinburgh , his colossal group of ‘Ajax bearing the dead body of Patroclus and combating ‘an warrior’ and other works ; and he was second to his friend Charles Maclaren , editor of the ‘Scotsman,‘ in his bloodless duel with Dr . James Browne , editor of the ‘Caledonian Mercury,’ fought near Edinburgh in November 1829 , which arose partly out of an article in the ‘Mercury’ ( 6 November ) on Macdonald’s works and the ‘Scotsman‘s’ criticisms upon them . In the same year he was elected a member of the Scottish Academy , where in 1832 , he exhibited several busts , including those of J . Gibson Lochhart and the Earl Erroll ; but be seldom contributed here , and resigned his membership in 1858 . He appeared in the list of honorary members in 1867 . At this time he is shown as living at 10 Cumberland Street in Edinburghs Second New Town . In 1832 he returned to Rome , where he occupied a leading position as a sculptor , chiefly producing portrait busts , aided by his elder brother , John , and his son , Alexander . His bust of Philip Henry , fifth Earl Stanhope , is now at Chevening , Kent , and a copy is in the National Portrait Gallery , London . He also executed busts of Walter Scott ( 1831 ) , Fanny Kemble , Sir David Baird . and James Gillespie Graham . Among his ideal works are ‘A Girl and a Carrier Pigeon,’ 1835 , and ‘Eurydice,’ 1849 . His ‘Ulysses recognised by his dog,’ shown in the Paris Exhibition of 1855 , was much admired , and became the property of Lord Kilmorey . He died in Rome . Several sculptors trained under him , including William Brodie . Principal Works . Whilst Macdonald made statues of classical and mythological figures , all his portraiture was in the form of busts . - James Gillespie Graham ( 1827 ) - The Duke of Atholl , Blair Atholl , ( 1827 ) - Robert Phillips , ( 1829 ) - Earl of Errol ( 1832 ) - Viscountess Canning , Highcliffe Castle ( 1838 ) - Lord Alexander Russell , Woburn Abbey ( 1839 ) - Lady Ebury , Apsley House ( 1839 ) - Lord Charles Montagu , Kimbolton Castle ( 1840 ) - Sir Henry Taylor , National Portrait Gallery , London ( 1843 ) - Lord Compton , Castle Ashby ( 1843 ) - Mary Somerville , ( 1844 ) - The Duke of Cambridge , Windsor Castle ( 1846 ) - The Hon Mrs Sidney Herbert , Wilton House ( 1848 ) - Statue of Hyacinthus , Windsor Castle ( 1852 ) - Duke of Northumberland ( 1853 ) - Earl Stanhope , Chevening House , Kent ( 1854 ) - Bacchante at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 ) - Venus at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 ) - Watts Russell , Ilam Church , Staffordshire ( 1863 ) - Earl Stanhope , Chevening , Kent ( n.d. ) - George Combe , Scottish National Portrait Gallery ( n.d. ) - Euphemia Murray , Perth Museum ( n.d. ) In Literature . Letitia Elizabeth Landon published her poem Lines . Supposed to be the Prayer of the Supplicating Nymph in Mr . Lawrence Macdonald’s Exhibition of Sculptures in the Literary Gazette in 1831 . References . - List of works selected from the Dictionary of British Sculptors , 1660-1851 , by Rupert Gunnis - Attribution
|
[
"Edinburgh"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lawrence Macdonald sometimes Laurence Macdonald ( 15 February 1799 – 4 March 1878 ) was a Scottish sculptor .",
"title": "Lawrence Macdonald"
},
{
"text": " Macdonald was born on 15 February 1799 at Findo Gask in Perthshire , Scotland to Margaret Morison and Alexander Macdonald , a violinist .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "He was apprenticed as a stonemason with Thomas Gibson , who was then building the Murray Royal Asylum , outside Perth , and about this time he carved the arms of Robert Graeme on the front of Garvock House . Coming to Edinburgh with an introduction to the architect James Gillespie Graham , who proved a helpful patron , he worked as an ornamental sculptor . On 26 February 1822 he entered the Trustees Academy , Edinburgh , then on Picardy Place .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " In late 1822 he went to Rome to study , where he executed several busts , among others that of the John Murray , 4th Duke of Atholl . In 1823 , along with Gibson , Severn , and other artists , he founded the British Academy of Arts in Rome , of which he continued as a trustee until his death .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "After approximately four year he returned to Edinburgh , and there produced busts of Professor John Wilson and George Combe , the phrenologist . In 1829 , he sent his bust of John Marshall , MP , to the Royal Academy , and he was a frequent contributor to the succeeding exhibitions . In the autumn of 1829 , he exhibited in the Royal Institution , Edinburgh , his colossal group of ‘Ajax bearing the dead body of Patroclus and combating ‘an warrior’ and other works ; and he was second to his friend Charles Maclaren , editor of the",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "‘Scotsman,‘ in his bloodless duel with Dr . James Browne , editor of the ‘Caledonian Mercury,’ fought near Edinburgh in November 1829 , which arose partly out of an article in the ‘Mercury’ ( 6 November ) on Macdonald’s works and the ‘Scotsman‘s’ criticisms upon them . In the same year he was elected a member of the Scottish Academy , where in 1832 , he exhibited several busts , including those of J . Gibson Lochhart and the Earl Erroll ; but be seldom contributed here , and resigned his membership in 1858 . He appeared in the list",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "of honorary members in 1867 . At this time he is shown as living at 10 Cumberland Street in Edinburghs Second New Town .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " In 1832 he returned to Rome , where he occupied a leading position as a sculptor , chiefly producing portrait busts , aided by his elder brother , John , and his son , Alexander . His bust of Philip Henry , fifth Earl Stanhope , is now at Chevening , Kent , and a copy is in the National Portrait Gallery , London .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "He also executed busts of Walter Scott ( 1831 ) , Fanny Kemble , Sir David Baird . and James Gillespie Graham . Among his ideal works are ‘A Girl and a Carrier Pigeon,’ 1835 , and ‘Eurydice,’ 1849 . His ‘Ulysses recognised by his dog,’ shown in the Paris Exhibition of 1855 , was much admired , and became the property of Lord Kilmorey .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " He died in Rome . Several sculptors trained under him , including William Brodie .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " Whilst Macdonald made statues of classical and mythological figures , all his portraiture was in the form of busts . - James Gillespie Graham ( 1827 ) - The Duke of Atholl , Blair Atholl , ( 1827 ) - Robert Phillips , ( 1829 ) - Earl of Errol ( 1832 ) - Viscountess Canning , Highcliffe Castle ( 1838 ) - Lord Alexander Russell , Woburn Abbey ( 1839 ) - Lady Ebury , Apsley House ( 1839 ) - Lord Charles Montagu , Kimbolton Castle ( 1840 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": "- Sir Henry Taylor , National Portrait Gallery , London ( 1843 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": " - Lord Compton , Castle Ashby ( 1843 ) - Mary Somerville , ( 1844 ) - The Duke of Cambridge , Windsor Castle ( 1846 ) - The Hon Mrs Sidney Herbert , Wilton House ( 1848 ) - Statue of Hyacinthus , Windsor Castle ( 1852 ) - Duke of Northumberland ( 1853 ) - Earl Stanhope , Chevening House , Kent ( 1854 ) - Bacchante at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 ) - Venus at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": "- Watts Russell , Ilam Church , Staffordshire ( 1863 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": " - Earl Stanhope , Chevening , Kent ( n.d. ) - George Combe , Scottish National Portrait Gallery ( n.d. ) - Euphemia Murray , Perth Museum ( n.d. )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": " Letitia Elizabeth Landon published her poem Lines . Supposed to be the Prayer of the Supplicating Nymph in Mr . Lawrence Macdonald’s Exhibition of Sculptures in the Literary Gazette in 1831 .",
"title": "In Literature"
},
{
"text": " - List of works selected from the Dictionary of British Sculptors , 1660-1851 , by Rupert Gunnis - Attribution",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Lawrence_Macdonald#P937#2
|
What was the working location for Lawrence Macdonald between May 1862 and May 1866?
|
Lawrence Macdonald Lawrence Macdonald sometimes Laurence Macdonald ( 15 February 1799 – 4 March 1878 ) was a Scottish sculptor . Life . Macdonald was born on 15 February 1799 at Findo Gask in Perthshire , Scotland to Margaret Morison and Alexander Macdonald , a violinist . He was apprenticed as a stonemason with Thomas Gibson , who was then building the Murray Royal Asylum , outside Perth , and about this time he carved the arms of Robert Graeme on the front of Garvock House . Coming to Edinburgh with an introduction to the architect James Gillespie Graham , who proved a helpful patron , he worked as an ornamental sculptor . On 26 February 1822 he entered the Trustees Academy , Edinburgh , then on Picardy Place . In late 1822 he went to Rome to study , where he executed several busts , among others that of the John Murray , 4th Duke of Atholl . In 1823 , along with Gibson , Severn , and other artists , he founded the British Academy of Arts in Rome , of which he continued as a trustee until his death . After approximately four year he returned to Edinburgh , and there produced busts of Professor John Wilson and George Combe , the phrenologist . In 1829 , he sent his bust of John Marshall , MP , to the Royal Academy , and he was a frequent contributor to the succeeding exhibitions . In the autumn of 1829 , he exhibited in the Royal Institution , Edinburgh , his colossal group of ‘Ajax bearing the dead body of Patroclus and combating ‘an warrior’ and other works ; and he was second to his friend Charles Maclaren , editor of the ‘Scotsman,‘ in his bloodless duel with Dr . James Browne , editor of the ‘Caledonian Mercury,’ fought near Edinburgh in November 1829 , which arose partly out of an article in the ‘Mercury’ ( 6 November ) on Macdonald’s works and the ‘Scotsman‘s’ criticisms upon them . In the same year he was elected a member of the Scottish Academy , where in 1832 , he exhibited several busts , including those of J . Gibson Lochhart and the Earl Erroll ; but be seldom contributed here , and resigned his membership in 1858 . He appeared in the list of honorary members in 1867 . At this time he is shown as living at 10 Cumberland Street in Edinburghs Second New Town . In 1832 he returned to Rome , where he occupied a leading position as a sculptor , chiefly producing portrait busts , aided by his elder brother , John , and his son , Alexander . His bust of Philip Henry , fifth Earl Stanhope , is now at Chevening , Kent , and a copy is in the National Portrait Gallery , London . He also executed busts of Walter Scott ( 1831 ) , Fanny Kemble , Sir David Baird . and James Gillespie Graham . Among his ideal works are ‘A Girl and a Carrier Pigeon,’ 1835 , and ‘Eurydice,’ 1849 . His ‘Ulysses recognised by his dog,’ shown in the Paris Exhibition of 1855 , was much admired , and became the property of Lord Kilmorey . He died in Rome . Several sculptors trained under him , including William Brodie . Principal Works . Whilst Macdonald made statues of classical and mythological figures , all his portraiture was in the form of busts . - James Gillespie Graham ( 1827 ) - The Duke of Atholl , Blair Atholl , ( 1827 ) - Robert Phillips , ( 1829 ) - Earl of Errol ( 1832 ) - Viscountess Canning , Highcliffe Castle ( 1838 ) - Lord Alexander Russell , Woburn Abbey ( 1839 ) - Lady Ebury , Apsley House ( 1839 ) - Lord Charles Montagu , Kimbolton Castle ( 1840 ) - Sir Henry Taylor , National Portrait Gallery , London ( 1843 ) - Lord Compton , Castle Ashby ( 1843 ) - Mary Somerville , ( 1844 ) - The Duke of Cambridge , Windsor Castle ( 1846 ) - The Hon Mrs Sidney Herbert , Wilton House ( 1848 ) - Statue of Hyacinthus , Windsor Castle ( 1852 ) - Duke of Northumberland ( 1853 ) - Earl Stanhope , Chevening House , Kent ( 1854 ) - Bacchante at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 ) - Venus at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 ) - Watts Russell , Ilam Church , Staffordshire ( 1863 ) - Earl Stanhope , Chevening , Kent ( n.d. ) - George Combe , Scottish National Portrait Gallery ( n.d. ) - Euphemia Murray , Perth Museum ( n.d. ) In Literature . Letitia Elizabeth Landon published her poem Lines . Supposed to be the Prayer of the Supplicating Nymph in Mr . Lawrence Macdonald’s Exhibition of Sculptures in the Literary Gazette in 1831 . References . - List of works selected from the Dictionary of British Sculptors , 1660-1851 , by Rupert Gunnis - Attribution
|
[
"Rome"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lawrence Macdonald sometimes Laurence Macdonald ( 15 February 1799 – 4 March 1878 ) was a Scottish sculptor .",
"title": "Lawrence Macdonald"
},
{
"text": " Macdonald was born on 15 February 1799 at Findo Gask in Perthshire , Scotland to Margaret Morison and Alexander Macdonald , a violinist .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "He was apprenticed as a stonemason with Thomas Gibson , who was then building the Murray Royal Asylum , outside Perth , and about this time he carved the arms of Robert Graeme on the front of Garvock House . Coming to Edinburgh with an introduction to the architect James Gillespie Graham , who proved a helpful patron , he worked as an ornamental sculptor . On 26 February 1822 he entered the Trustees Academy , Edinburgh , then on Picardy Place .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " In late 1822 he went to Rome to study , where he executed several busts , among others that of the John Murray , 4th Duke of Atholl . In 1823 , along with Gibson , Severn , and other artists , he founded the British Academy of Arts in Rome , of which he continued as a trustee until his death .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "After approximately four year he returned to Edinburgh , and there produced busts of Professor John Wilson and George Combe , the phrenologist . In 1829 , he sent his bust of John Marshall , MP , to the Royal Academy , and he was a frequent contributor to the succeeding exhibitions . In the autumn of 1829 , he exhibited in the Royal Institution , Edinburgh , his colossal group of ‘Ajax bearing the dead body of Patroclus and combating ‘an warrior’ and other works ; and he was second to his friend Charles Maclaren , editor of the",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "‘Scotsman,‘ in his bloodless duel with Dr . James Browne , editor of the ‘Caledonian Mercury,’ fought near Edinburgh in November 1829 , which arose partly out of an article in the ‘Mercury’ ( 6 November ) on Macdonald’s works and the ‘Scotsman‘s’ criticisms upon them . In the same year he was elected a member of the Scottish Academy , where in 1832 , he exhibited several busts , including those of J . Gibson Lochhart and the Earl Erroll ; but be seldom contributed here , and resigned his membership in 1858 . He appeared in the list",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "of honorary members in 1867 . At this time he is shown as living at 10 Cumberland Street in Edinburghs Second New Town .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " In 1832 he returned to Rome , where he occupied a leading position as a sculptor , chiefly producing portrait busts , aided by his elder brother , John , and his son , Alexander . His bust of Philip Henry , fifth Earl Stanhope , is now at Chevening , Kent , and a copy is in the National Portrait Gallery , London .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": "He also executed busts of Walter Scott ( 1831 ) , Fanny Kemble , Sir David Baird . and James Gillespie Graham . Among his ideal works are ‘A Girl and a Carrier Pigeon,’ 1835 , and ‘Eurydice,’ 1849 . His ‘Ulysses recognised by his dog,’ shown in the Paris Exhibition of 1855 , was much admired , and became the property of Lord Kilmorey .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " He died in Rome . Several sculptors trained under him , including William Brodie .",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"text": " Whilst Macdonald made statues of classical and mythological figures , all his portraiture was in the form of busts . - James Gillespie Graham ( 1827 ) - The Duke of Atholl , Blair Atholl , ( 1827 ) - Robert Phillips , ( 1829 ) - Earl of Errol ( 1832 ) - Viscountess Canning , Highcliffe Castle ( 1838 ) - Lord Alexander Russell , Woburn Abbey ( 1839 ) - Lady Ebury , Apsley House ( 1839 ) - Lord Charles Montagu , Kimbolton Castle ( 1840 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": "- Sir Henry Taylor , National Portrait Gallery , London ( 1843 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": " - Lord Compton , Castle Ashby ( 1843 ) - Mary Somerville , ( 1844 ) - The Duke of Cambridge , Windsor Castle ( 1846 ) - The Hon Mrs Sidney Herbert , Wilton House ( 1848 ) - Statue of Hyacinthus , Windsor Castle ( 1852 ) - Duke of Northumberland ( 1853 ) - Earl Stanhope , Chevening House , Kent ( 1854 ) - Bacchante at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 ) - Venus at the Bath , Mount Stewart ( 1856 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": "- Watts Russell , Ilam Church , Staffordshire ( 1863 )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": " - Earl Stanhope , Chevening , Kent ( n.d. ) - George Combe , Scottish National Portrait Gallery ( n.d. ) - Euphemia Murray , Perth Museum ( n.d. )",
"title": "Principal Works"
},
{
"text": " Letitia Elizabeth Landon published her poem Lines . Supposed to be the Prayer of the Supplicating Nymph in Mr . Lawrence Macdonald’s Exhibition of Sculptures in the Literary Gazette in 1831 .",
"title": "In Literature"
},
{
"text": " - List of works selected from the Dictionary of British Sculptors , 1660-1851 , by Rupert Gunnis - Attribution",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Harry_Joseph_Flynn#P39#0
|
Which position did Harry Joseph Flynn hold in Aug 1988?
|
Harry Joseph Flynn Harry Joseph Flynn ( May 2 , 1933 – September 22 , 2019 ) was a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States and Archbishop Emeritus of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , where he served from September 8 , 1995 to May 2 , 2008 , when his resignation was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI . Previously , Archbishop Flynn was the fourth Bishop of the Diocese of Lafayette in south-central Louisiana . Biography . Early life . Born in Schenectady , New York to William and Margaret Mahoney Flynn , he was orphaned when he was twelve and raised primarily by two of his aunts . Flynn was a graduate of Siena College , having earned both a B.A . and a M.A . in English . After attending Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland , he was ordained on May 18 , 1960 . He later became a priest of the Diocese of Albany , New York . After his ordination , he taught at Catholic Central High School in Troy , New York . From 1965 to 1979 , he served on the faculty of Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland . From 1965-1968 he was the dean ; he was vice-rector from 1968-1970 ; and the rector from 1970-1979 . Bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana . While Flynn was serving as a parish priest in the Diocese of Albany , his secretary received a phone call from the papal nuncio . When she passed along the call , Flynn realized he was about to be appointed a bishop and in an attempt to dodge the appointment drove to a family cabin in the Adirondacks . Cardinal John O’Connor of the Archdiocese of New York sent a state trooper to bring him back . He would often say in his later years If I had 100 lives , I’d live every one of them as a priest - and none as a bishop ! Flynns appointment as the coadjutor bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana was announced on April 19 , 1986 and he was consecrated as a bishop on June 24 , 1986 . He took on the role of bishop of the diocese on May 12 , 1989 , succeeding Bishop Gerard Louis Frey . He became the bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana , in the aftermath of one of the earliest public scandals involving the sexual abuse of minors by a priest . Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis . In 1994 , Flynn became the Coadjutor Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , and succeeded to that see in 1995 . He was especially noted for his devotion to Catholic education and the emphasis in his ministry on social justice , especially within his own archdiocese . He was also a strong advocate for Catholic economic justice abroad , and many of the parishes in the archdiocese have sister parishes in impoverished nations , such as Costa Rica . On September 12 , 2003 , he released a pastoral letter dealing with the issue of racism titled In Gods Image , in which he called for the parishes of the diocese to unite in an effort to end racism and promote diversity and harmony , and in so doing , to make Gods love more present to the rest of the world . In May 2005 , Archbishop Flynn publicly criticized Minnesota governor Tim Pawlenty in the Star Tribune for what he perceived as irresponsible tax policies . Flynn was an outspoken opponent of the war in Iraq . In keeping with Catholic tradition , Flynn instructed his priests to refuse communion to any person wearing a rainbow sash—a symbol associated with those advocating change in the Churchs position on homosexual activity . After serving as Archbishop for 12 years , Flynn requested that the Holy See assign a coadjutor archbishop , and on April 24 , 2007 , Pope Benedict XVI appointed John Clayton Nienstedt , Bishop of the Diocese of New Ulm , Minnesota as Flynns coadjutor . In January 2008 , Flynn , citing a Vatican instruction from 2004 , ordered an end to the practice of lay preaching at Mass , sending as the end date for the practice his final day as Archbishop . He said : There has to be that kind of training and theological background that even a person with a masters degree in theology would not have . The church does not want people just standing up there and giving opinions or even things theyve read in books . Retirement . On May 5 , 2008 , Pope Benedict XVI accepted Flynns resignation and Nienstedt succeeded him as Archbishop . He continued to assist in the Archdiocese after his retirement , administering confirmations , leading retreats , and other liturgies . In November 2010 , the Little Sisters of the Poor honored Flynn with their St . Jeanne Jugan Award on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his ordination . Flynn resigned from the board of the University of St . Thomas in St . Paul on October 14 , 2013 . Flynn died on September 22 , 2019 from bone cancer in Saint Paul , Minnesota at the age of 86 . Appointments . Archbishop Flynn was a member of several boards and committees . - Member of the Board of Trustees at The Catholic University of America - Chairman of the Board of Trustees for the Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity - Chairman of the Board of Trustees at the University of St . Thomas - President of the Saint John Vianney Seminary Board of Directors - Member of the College of Saint Catherine Board of Trustees - Member of the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops Committee for Black Catholics - Member of the USCCB Committee on Sexual Abuse - Member of the USCCB Committee on the Charismatic Renewal Movement Flynn was named to chair the USCCB Committee on Sexual Abuse in 2002 . Legacy . In 2009 , the University of St . Thomas renamed a residence hall , formerly Selby Hall , to Flynn Hall to recognize Archbishop Flynn .
|
[
"coadjutor bishop of Lafayette"
] |
[
{
"text": " Harry Joseph Flynn ( May 2 , 1933 – September 22 , 2019 ) was a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States and Archbishop Emeritus of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , where he served from September 8 , 1995 to May 2 , 2008 , when his resignation was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI . Previously , Archbishop Flynn was the fourth Bishop of the Diocese of Lafayette in south-central Louisiana .",
"title": "Harry Joseph Flynn"
},
{
"text": "Born in Schenectady , New York to William and Margaret Mahoney Flynn , he was orphaned when he was twelve and raised primarily by two of his aunts . Flynn was a graduate of Siena College , having earned both a B.A . and a M.A . in English . After attending Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland , he was ordained on May 18 , 1960 . He later became a priest of the Diocese of Albany , New York . After his ordination , he taught at Catholic Central High School in Troy , New York",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ". From 1965 to 1979 , he served on the faculty of Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland . From 1965-1968 he was the dean ; he was vice-rector from 1968-1970 ; and the rector from 1970-1979 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "While Flynn was serving as a parish priest in the Diocese of Albany , his secretary received a phone call from the papal nuncio . When she passed along the call , Flynn realized he was about to be appointed a bishop and in an attempt to dodge the appointment drove to a family cabin in the Adirondacks . Cardinal John O’Connor of the Archdiocese of New York sent a state trooper to bring him back . He would often say in his later years If I had 100 lives , I’d live every one of them as a priest",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "- and none as a bishop !",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Flynns appointment as the coadjutor bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana was announced on April 19 , 1986 and he was consecrated as a bishop on June 24 , 1986 . He took on the role of bishop of the diocese on May 12 , 1989 , succeeding Bishop Gerard Louis Frey . He became the bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana , in the aftermath of one of the earliest public scandals involving the sexual abuse of minors by a priest . Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 , Flynn became the Coadjutor Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , and succeeded to that see in 1995 . He was especially noted for his devotion to Catholic education and the emphasis in his ministry on social justice , especially within his own archdiocese . He was also a strong advocate for Catholic economic justice abroad , and many of the parishes in the archdiocese have sister parishes in impoverished nations , such as Costa Rica . On September 12 , 2003 , he released a pastoral letter dealing with the issue of racism titled In Gods",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Image , in which he called for the parishes of the diocese to unite in an effort to end racism and promote diversity and harmony , and in so doing , to make Gods love more present to the rest of the world .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In May 2005 , Archbishop Flynn publicly criticized Minnesota governor Tim Pawlenty in the Star Tribune for what he perceived as irresponsible tax policies . Flynn was an outspoken opponent of the war in Iraq . In keeping with Catholic tradition , Flynn instructed his priests to refuse communion to any person wearing a rainbow sash—a symbol associated with those advocating change in the Churchs position on homosexual activity .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "After serving as Archbishop for 12 years , Flynn requested that the Holy See assign a coadjutor archbishop , and on April 24 , 2007 , Pope Benedict XVI appointed John Clayton Nienstedt , Bishop of the Diocese of New Ulm , Minnesota as Flynns coadjutor .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In January 2008 , Flynn , citing a Vatican instruction from 2004 , ordered an end to the practice of lay preaching at Mass , sending as the end date for the practice his final day as Archbishop . He said : There has to be that kind of training and theological background that even a person with a masters degree in theology would not have . The church does not want people just standing up there and giving opinions or even things theyve read in books .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " On May 5 , 2008 , Pope Benedict XVI accepted Flynns resignation and Nienstedt succeeded him as Archbishop . He continued to assist in the Archdiocese after his retirement , administering confirmations , leading retreats , and other liturgies . In November 2010 , the Little Sisters of the Poor honored Flynn with their St . Jeanne Jugan Award on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his ordination . Flynn resigned from the board of the University of St . Thomas in St . Paul on October 14 , 2013 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Flynn died on September 22 , 2019 from bone cancer in Saint Paul , Minnesota at the age of 86 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Archbishop Flynn was a member of several boards and committees . - Member of the Board of Trustees at The Catholic University of America - Chairman of the Board of Trustees for the Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity - Chairman of the Board of Trustees at the University of St . Thomas - President of the Saint John Vianney Seminary Board of Directors - Member of the College of Saint Catherine Board of Trustees - Member of the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops Committee for Black Catholics - Member of the USCCB Committee on Sexual Abuse",
"title": "Appointments"
},
{
"text": "- Member of the USCCB Committee on the Charismatic Renewal Movement",
"title": "Appointments"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 , the University of St . Thomas renamed a residence hall , formerly Selby Hall , to Flynn Hall to recognize Archbishop Flynn .",
"title": "Legacy"
}
] |
/wiki/Harry_Joseph_Flynn#P39#1
|
Which position did Harry Joseph Flynn hold in Nov 1989?
|
Harry Joseph Flynn Harry Joseph Flynn ( May 2 , 1933 – September 22 , 2019 ) was a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States and Archbishop Emeritus of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , where he served from September 8 , 1995 to May 2 , 2008 , when his resignation was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI . Previously , Archbishop Flynn was the fourth Bishop of the Diocese of Lafayette in south-central Louisiana . Biography . Early life . Born in Schenectady , New York to William and Margaret Mahoney Flynn , he was orphaned when he was twelve and raised primarily by two of his aunts . Flynn was a graduate of Siena College , having earned both a B.A . and a M.A . in English . After attending Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland , he was ordained on May 18 , 1960 . He later became a priest of the Diocese of Albany , New York . After his ordination , he taught at Catholic Central High School in Troy , New York . From 1965 to 1979 , he served on the faculty of Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland . From 1965-1968 he was the dean ; he was vice-rector from 1968-1970 ; and the rector from 1970-1979 . Bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana . While Flynn was serving as a parish priest in the Diocese of Albany , his secretary received a phone call from the papal nuncio . When she passed along the call , Flynn realized he was about to be appointed a bishop and in an attempt to dodge the appointment drove to a family cabin in the Adirondacks . Cardinal John O’Connor of the Archdiocese of New York sent a state trooper to bring him back . He would often say in his later years If I had 100 lives , I’d live every one of them as a priest - and none as a bishop ! Flynns appointment as the coadjutor bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana was announced on April 19 , 1986 and he was consecrated as a bishop on June 24 , 1986 . He took on the role of bishop of the diocese on May 12 , 1989 , succeeding Bishop Gerard Louis Frey . He became the bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana , in the aftermath of one of the earliest public scandals involving the sexual abuse of minors by a priest . Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis . In 1994 , Flynn became the Coadjutor Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , and succeeded to that see in 1995 . He was especially noted for his devotion to Catholic education and the emphasis in his ministry on social justice , especially within his own archdiocese . He was also a strong advocate for Catholic economic justice abroad , and many of the parishes in the archdiocese have sister parishes in impoverished nations , such as Costa Rica . On September 12 , 2003 , he released a pastoral letter dealing with the issue of racism titled In Gods Image , in which he called for the parishes of the diocese to unite in an effort to end racism and promote diversity and harmony , and in so doing , to make Gods love more present to the rest of the world . In May 2005 , Archbishop Flynn publicly criticized Minnesota governor Tim Pawlenty in the Star Tribune for what he perceived as irresponsible tax policies . Flynn was an outspoken opponent of the war in Iraq . In keeping with Catholic tradition , Flynn instructed his priests to refuse communion to any person wearing a rainbow sash—a symbol associated with those advocating change in the Churchs position on homosexual activity . After serving as Archbishop for 12 years , Flynn requested that the Holy See assign a coadjutor archbishop , and on April 24 , 2007 , Pope Benedict XVI appointed John Clayton Nienstedt , Bishop of the Diocese of New Ulm , Minnesota as Flynns coadjutor . In January 2008 , Flynn , citing a Vatican instruction from 2004 , ordered an end to the practice of lay preaching at Mass , sending as the end date for the practice his final day as Archbishop . He said : There has to be that kind of training and theological background that even a person with a masters degree in theology would not have . The church does not want people just standing up there and giving opinions or even things theyve read in books . Retirement . On May 5 , 2008 , Pope Benedict XVI accepted Flynns resignation and Nienstedt succeeded him as Archbishop . He continued to assist in the Archdiocese after his retirement , administering confirmations , leading retreats , and other liturgies . In November 2010 , the Little Sisters of the Poor honored Flynn with their St . Jeanne Jugan Award on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his ordination . Flynn resigned from the board of the University of St . Thomas in St . Paul on October 14 , 2013 . Flynn died on September 22 , 2019 from bone cancer in Saint Paul , Minnesota at the age of 86 . Appointments . Archbishop Flynn was a member of several boards and committees . - Member of the Board of Trustees at The Catholic University of America - Chairman of the Board of Trustees for the Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity - Chairman of the Board of Trustees at the University of St . Thomas - President of the Saint John Vianney Seminary Board of Directors - Member of the College of Saint Catherine Board of Trustees - Member of the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops Committee for Black Catholics - Member of the USCCB Committee on Sexual Abuse - Member of the USCCB Committee on the Charismatic Renewal Movement Flynn was named to chair the USCCB Committee on Sexual Abuse in 2002 . Legacy . In 2009 , the University of St . Thomas renamed a residence hall , formerly Selby Hall , to Flynn Hall to recognize Archbishop Flynn .
|
[
"bishop of the diocese"
] |
[
{
"text": " Harry Joseph Flynn ( May 2 , 1933 – September 22 , 2019 ) was a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States and Archbishop Emeritus of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , where he served from September 8 , 1995 to May 2 , 2008 , when his resignation was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI . Previously , Archbishop Flynn was the fourth Bishop of the Diocese of Lafayette in south-central Louisiana .",
"title": "Harry Joseph Flynn"
},
{
"text": "Born in Schenectady , New York to William and Margaret Mahoney Flynn , he was orphaned when he was twelve and raised primarily by two of his aunts . Flynn was a graduate of Siena College , having earned both a B.A . and a M.A . in English . After attending Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland , he was ordained on May 18 , 1960 . He later became a priest of the Diocese of Albany , New York . After his ordination , he taught at Catholic Central High School in Troy , New York",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ". From 1965 to 1979 , he served on the faculty of Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland . From 1965-1968 he was the dean ; he was vice-rector from 1968-1970 ; and the rector from 1970-1979 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "While Flynn was serving as a parish priest in the Diocese of Albany , his secretary received a phone call from the papal nuncio . When she passed along the call , Flynn realized he was about to be appointed a bishop and in an attempt to dodge the appointment drove to a family cabin in the Adirondacks . Cardinal John O’Connor of the Archdiocese of New York sent a state trooper to bring him back . He would often say in his later years If I had 100 lives , I’d live every one of them as a priest",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "- and none as a bishop !",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Flynns appointment as the coadjutor bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana was announced on April 19 , 1986 and he was consecrated as a bishop on June 24 , 1986 . He took on the role of bishop of the diocese on May 12 , 1989 , succeeding Bishop Gerard Louis Frey . He became the bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana , in the aftermath of one of the earliest public scandals involving the sexual abuse of minors by a priest . Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 , Flynn became the Coadjutor Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , and succeeded to that see in 1995 . He was especially noted for his devotion to Catholic education and the emphasis in his ministry on social justice , especially within his own archdiocese . He was also a strong advocate for Catholic economic justice abroad , and many of the parishes in the archdiocese have sister parishes in impoverished nations , such as Costa Rica . On September 12 , 2003 , he released a pastoral letter dealing with the issue of racism titled In Gods",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Image , in which he called for the parishes of the diocese to unite in an effort to end racism and promote diversity and harmony , and in so doing , to make Gods love more present to the rest of the world .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In May 2005 , Archbishop Flynn publicly criticized Minnesota governor Tim Pawlenty in the Star Tribune for what he perceived as irresponsible tax policies . Flynn was an outspoken opponent of the war in Iraq . In keeping with Catholic tradition , Flynn instructed his priests to refuse communion to any person wearing a rainbow sash—a symbol associated with those advocating change in the Churchs position on homosexual activity .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "After serving as Archbishop for 12 years , Flynn requested that the Holy See assign a coadjutor archbishop , and on April 24 , 2007 , Pope Benedict XVI appointed John Clayton Nienstedt , Bishop of the Diocese of New Ulm , Minnesota as Flynns coadjutor .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In January 2008 , Flynn , citing a Vatican instruction from 2004 , ordered an end to the practice of lay preaching at Mass , sending as the end date for the practice his final day as Archbishop . He said : There has to be that kind of training and theological background that even a person with a masters degree in theology would not have . The church does not want people just standing up there and giving opinions or even things theyve read in books .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " On May 5 , 2008 , Pope Benedict XVI accepted Flynns resignation and Nienstedt succeeded him as Archbishop . He continued to assist in the Archdiocese after his retirement , administering confirmations , leading retreats , and other liturgies . In November 2010 , the Little Sisters of the Poor honored Flynn with their St . Jeanne Jugan Award on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his ordination . Flynn resigned from the board of the University of St . Thomas in St . Paul on October 14 , 2013 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Flynn died on September 22 , 2019 from bone cancer in Saint Paul , Minnesota at the age of 86 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Archbishop Flynn was a member of several boards and committees . - Member of the Board of Trustees at The Catholic University of America - Chairman of the Board of Trustees for the Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity - Chairman of the Board of Trustees at the University of St . Thomas - President of the Saint John Vianney Seminary Board of Directors - Member of the College of Saint Catherine Board of Trustees - Member of the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops Committee for Black Catholics - Member of the USCCB Committee on Sexual Abuse",
"title": "Appointments"
},
{
"text": "- Member of the USCCB Committee on the Charismatic Renewal Movement",
"title": "Appointments"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 , the University of St . Thomas renamed a residence hall , formerly Selby Hall , to Flynn Hall to recognize Archbishop Flynn .",
"title": "Legacy"
}
] |
/wiki/Harry_Joseph_Flynn#P39#2
|
Which position did Harry Joseph Flynn hold after Feb 1996?
|
Harry Joseph Flynn Harry Joseph Flynn ( May 2 , 1933 – September 22 , 2019 ) was a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States and Archbishop Emeritus of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , where he served from September 8 , 1995 to May 2 , 2008 , when his resignation was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI . Previously , Archbishop Flynn was the fourth Bishop of the Diocese of Lafayette in south-central Louisiana . Biography . Early life . Born in Schenectady , New York to William and Margaret Mahoney Flynn , he was orphaned when he was twelve and raised primarily by two of his aunts . Flynn was a graduate of Siena College , having earned both a B.A . and a M.A . in English . After attending Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland , he was ordained on May 18 , 1960 . He later became a priest of the Diocese of Albany , New York . After his ordination , he taught at Catholic Central High School in Troy , New York . From 1965 to 1979 , he served on the faculty of Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland . From 1965-1968 he was the dean ; he was vice-rector from 1968-1970 ; and the rector from 1970-1979 . Bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana . While Flynn was serving as a parish priest in the Diocese of Albany , his secretary received a phone call from the papal nuncio . When she passed along the call , Flynn realized he was about to be appointed a bishop and in an attempt to dodge the appointment drove to a family cabin in the Adirondacks . Cardinal John O’Connor of the Archdiocese of New York sent a state trooper to bring him back . He would often say in his later years If I had 100 lives , I’d live every one of them as a priest - and none as a bishop ! Flynns appointment as the coadjutor bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana was announced on April 19 , 1986 and he was consecrated as a bishop on June 24 , 1986 . He took on the role of bishop of the diocese on May 12 , 1989 , succeeding Bishop Gerard Louis Frey . He became the bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana , in the aftermath of one of the earliest public scandals involving the sexual abuse of minors by a priest . Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis . In 1994 , Flynn became the Coadjutor Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , and succeeded to that see in 1995 . He was especially noted for his devotion to Catholic education and the emphasis in his ministry on social justice , especially within his own archdiocese . He was also a strong advocate for Catholic economic justice abroad , and many of the parishes in the archdiocese have sister parishes in impoverished nations , such as Costa Rica . On September 12 , 2003 , he released a pastoral letter dealing with the issue of racism titled In Gods Image , in which he called for the parishes of the diocese to unite in an effort to end racism and promote diversity and harmony , and in so doing , to make Gods love more present to the rest of the world . In May 2005 , Archbishop Flynn publicly criticized Minnesota governor Tim Pawlenty in the Star Tribune for what he perceived as irresponsible tax policies . Flynn was an outspoken opponent of the war in Iraq . In keeping with Catholic tradition , Flynn instructed his priests to refuse communion to any person wearing a rainbow sash—a symbol associated with those advocating change in the Churchs position on homosexual activity . After serving as Archbishop for 12 years , Flynn requested that the Holy See assign a coadjutor archbishop , and on April 24 , 2007 , Pope Benedict XVI appointed John Clayton Nienstedt , Bishop of the Diocese of New Ulm , Minnesota as Flynns coadjutor . In January 2008 , Flynn , citing a Vatican instruction from 2004 , ordered an end to the practice of lay preaching at Mass , sending as the end date for the practice his final day as Archbishop . He said : There has to be that kind of training and theological background that even a person with a masters degree in theology would not have . The church does not want people just standing up there and giving opinions or even things theyve read in books . Retirement . On May 5 , 2008 , Pope Benedict XVI accepted Flynns resignation and Nienstedt succeeded him as Archbishop . He continued to assist in the Archdiocese after his retirement , administering confirmations , leading retreats , and other liturgies . In November 2010 , the Little Sisters of the Poor honored Flynn with their St . Jeanne Jugan Award on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his ordination . Flynn resigned from the board of the University of St . Thomas in St . Paul on October 14 , 2013 . Flynn died on September 22 , 2019 from bone cancer in Saint Paul , Minnesota at the age of 86 . Appointments . Archbishop Flynn was a member of several boards and committees . - Member of the Board of Trustees at The Catholic University of America - Chairman of the Board of Trustees for the Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity - Chairman of the Board of Trustees at the University of St . Thomas - President of the Saint John Vianney Seminary Board of Directors - Member of the College of Saint Catherine Board of Trustees - Member of the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops Committee for Black Catholics - Member of the USCCB Committee on Sexual Abuse - Member of the USCCB Committee on the Charismatic Renewal Movement Flynn was named to chair the USCCB Committee on Sexual Abuse in 2002 . Legacy . In 2009 , the University of St . Thomas renamed a residence hall , formerly Selby Hall , to Flynn Hall to recognize Archbishop Flynn .
|
[
"Coadjutor Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis"
] |
[
{
"text": " Harry Joseph Flynn ( May 2 , 1933 – September 22 , 2019 ) was a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States and Archbishop Emeritus of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , where he served from September 8 , 1995 to May 2 , 2008 , when his resignation was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI . Previously , Archbishop Flynn was the fourth Bishop of the Diocese of Lafayette in south-central Louisiana .",
"title": "Harry Joseph Flynn"
},
{
"text": "Born in Schenectady , New York to William and Margaret Mahoney Flynn , he was orphaned when he was twelve and raised primarily by two of his aunts . Flynn was a graduate of Siena College , having earned both a B.A . and a M.A . in English . After attending Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland , he was ordained on May 18 , 1960 . He later became a priest of the Diocese of Albany , New York . After his ordination , he taught at Catholic Central High School in Troy , New York",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ". From 1965 to 1979 , he served on the faculty of Mount Saint Marys Seminary in Emmitsburg , Maryland . From 1965-1968 he was the dean ; he was vice-rector from 1968-1970 ; and the rector from 1970-1979 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "While Flynn was serving as a parish priest in the Diocese of Albany , his secretary received a phone call from the papal nuncio . When she passed along the call , Flynn realized he was about to be appointed a bishop and in an attempt to dodge the appointment drove to a family cabin in the Adirondacks . Cardinal John O’Connor of the Archdiocese of New York sent a state trooper to bring him back . He would often say in his later years If I had 100 lives , I’d live every one of them as a priest",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "- and none as a bishop !",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Flynns appointment as the coadjutor bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana was announced on April 19 , 1986 and he was consecrated as a bishop on June 24 , 1986 . He took on the role of bishop of the diocese on May 12 , 1989 , succeeding Bishop Gerard Louis Frey . He became the bishop of Lafayette , Louisiana , in the aftermath of one of the earliest public scandals involving the sexual abuse of minors by a priest . Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 , Flynn became the Coadjutor Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , and succeeded to that see in 1995 . He was especially noted for his devotion to Catholic education and the emphasis in his ministry on social justice , especially within his own archdiocese . He was also a strong advocate for Catholic economic justice abroad , and many of the parishes in the archdiocese have sister parishes in impoverished nations , such as Costa Rica . On September 12 , 2003 , he released a pastoral letter dealing with the issue of racism titled In Gods",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Image , in which he called for the parishes of the diocese to unite in an effort to end racism and promote diversity and harmony , and in so doing , to make Gods love more present to the rest of the world .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In May 2005 , Archbishop Flynn publicly criticized Minnesota governor Tim Pawlenty in the Star Tribune for what he perceived as irresponsible tax policies . Flynn was an outspoken opponent of the war in Iraq . In keeping with Catholic tradition , Flynn instructed his priests to refuse communion to any person wearing a rainbow sash—a symbol associated with those advocating change in the Churchs position on homosexual activity .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "After serving as Archbishop for 12 years , Flynn requested that the Holy See assign a coadjutor archbishop , and on April 24 , 2007 , Pope Benedict XVI appointed John Clayton Nienstedt , Bishop of the Diocese of New Ulm , Minnesota as Flynns coadjutor .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In January 2008 , Flynn , citing a Vatican instruction from 2004 , ordered an end to the practice of lay preaching at Mass , sending as the end date for the practice his final day as Archbishop . He said : There has to be that kind of training and theological background that even a person with a masters degree in theology would not have . The church does not want people just standing up there and giving opinions or even things theyve read in books .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " On May 5 , 2008 , Pope Benedict XVI accepted Flynns resignation and Nienstedt succeeded him as Archbishop . He continued to assist in the Archdiocese after his retirement , administering confirmations , leading retreats , and other liturgies . In November 2010 , the Little Sisters of the Poor honored Flynn with their St . Jeanne Jugan Award on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his ordination . Flynn resigned from the board of the University of St . Thomas in St . Paul on October 14 , 2013 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": "Flynn died on September 22 , 2019 from bone cancer in Saint Paul , Minnesota at the age of 86 .",
"title": "Retirement"
},
{
"text": " Archbishop Flynn was a member of several boards and committees . - Member of the Board of Trustees at The Catholic University of America - Chairman of the Board of Trustees for the Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity - Chairman of the Board of Trustees at the University of St . Thomas - President of the Saint John Vianney Seminary Board of Directors - Member of the College of Saint Catherine Board of Trustees - Member of the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops Committee for Black Catholics - Member of the USCCB Committee on Sexual Abuse",
"title": "Appointments"
},
{
"text": "- Member of the USCCB Committee on the Charismatic Renewal Movement",
"title": "Appointments"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 , the University of St . Thomas renamed a residence hall , formerly Selby Hall , to Flynn Hall to recognize Archbishop Flynn .",
"title": "Legacy"
}
] |
/wiki/Alex_Pineda_Chacón#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Alex Pineda Chacón belong to before Sep 1991?
|
Alex Pineda Chacón Alex Mauricio Pineda Chacón ( born 19 December 1969 in Santa Cruz de Yojoa ) is a retired Honduran footballer . Professional career . Chacón spent most of his career with Club Olimpia of Honduras , joining the side in 1988 , and leading the team to two Honduran championships and a CONCACAF Champions Cup in 1988 . He later played with UA Tamaulipas of Mexico during the 1993–94 season , and then for Sporting Cristal of Peru during the 1994–95 season , appearing in four Copa Libertadores matches . In 2001 , Chacón joined Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion . During the 2001 season , Chacón played a crucial attacking role on a team stacked with offensive talent , including Preki , Diego Serna , Ian Bishop , and Chris Henderson . Chacón registered 19 goals and 9 assists for the team and led the league in goals and points . He was recognized with the MLS Most Valuable Player Award . The Fusion were contracted after the 2001 season along with the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and he was unable to recapture the form that served him well in his first year . He was selected by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft , but the emergence of Taylor Twellman and the arrival of a new manager Steve Nicol led to a diminished role on the squad for Chacón . He moved to the Los Angeles Galaxy after the 2002 season and soon later to the Columbus Crew , but neither move reinvigorated his career . After the 2003 season , Chacón , without a place in MLS , moved to the American A-League , where he found plenty of playing time for the Atlanta Silverbacks . Although he only registered 3 goals and 2 assists in 2004 , Chacóns leadership was recognized with a selection to the A-League All-League first team . International career . Pineda Chacón made his debut for Honduras in a December 1992 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica and has earned a total of 45 caps , scoring 5 goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1993 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 1993 , 1996 , 1998 and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cups . His final international was an April 2000 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nicaragua . Coaching career . Chacón joined the Silverbacks as an assistant coach in 2007 . The squad when on hiatus for the 2008 and 2009 seasons , but Chacón remained in the role . While the club was being restructured , he coached youth soccer club Forsyth Fusion , now known as the United Futbol Academy . After four years with the club as an assistant , he was named head coach on 7 November 2011 . Alex Pineda Chacón has been released from his duties Coaching the Silverbacks in June 2012 after an unsuccessful season . Personal life . Chacón has now settled in Georgia with his wife and two daughters . Honours and awards . Country . - Honduras - Copa Centroamericana ( 1 ) : 1993 Club . C.D . Olimpia - Liga Profesional de Honduras ( 4 ) : 1989–90 , 1992–93 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 - Honduran Cup : ( 2 ) : 1995 , 1998 - Honduran Supercup : ( 1 ) : 1997 - CONCACAF Champions Cup ( 1 ) : 1988 Sporting Cristal - Torneo Descentralizado ( 2 ) : 1994 , 1995 Individual . - Liga Nacional de Honduras Top Scorer ( 1 ) : 1993–94 - MLS Most Valuable Player ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Golden Boot ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Scoring Champion ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Best XI ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Fair Play Award ( 1 ) : 2001
|
[
"C.D . Olimpia"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alex Mauricio Pineda Chacón ( born 19 December 1969 in Santa Cruz de Yojoa ) is a retired Honduran footballer .",
"title": "Alex Pineda Chacón"
},
{
"text": " Chacón spent most of his career with Club Olimpia of Honduras , joining the side in 1988 , and leading the team to two Honduran championships and a CONCACAF Champions Cup in 1988 . He later played with UA Tamaulipas of Mexico during the 1993–94 season , and then for Sporting Cristal of Peru during the 1994–95 season , appearing in four Copa Libertadores matches .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "In 2001 , Chacón joined Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion . During the 2001 season , Chacón played a crucial attacking role on a team stacked with offensive talent , including Preki , Diego Serna , Ian Bishop , and Chris Henderson . Chacón registered 19 goals and 9 assists for the team and led the league in goals and points . He was recognized with the MLS Most Valuable Player Award .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " The Fusion were contracted after the 2001 season along with the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and he was unable to recapture the form that served him well in his first year . He was selected by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft , but the emergence of Taylor Twellman and the arrival of a new manager Steve Nicol led to a diminished role on the squad for Chacón . He moved to the Los Angeles Galaxy after the 2002 season and soon later to the Columbus Crew , but neither move reinvigorated his career .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "After the 2003 season , Chacón , without a place in MLS , moved to the American A-League , where he found plenty of playing time for the Atlanta Silverbacks . Although he only registered 3 goals and 2 assists in 2004 , Chacóns leadership was recognized with a selection to the A-League All-League first team .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Pineda Chacón made his debut for Honduras in a December 1992 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica and has earned a total of 45 caps , scoring 5 goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1993 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 1993 , 1996 , 1998 and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cups . His final international was an April 2000 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nicaragua .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chacón joined the Silverbacks as an assistant coach in 2007 . The squad when on hiatus for the 2008 and 2009 seasons , but Chacón remained in the role . While the club was being restructured , he coached youth soccer club Forsyth Fusion , now known as the United Futbol Academy . After four years with the club as an assistant , he was named head coach on 7 November 2011 . Alex Pineda Chacón has been released from his duties Coaching the Silverbacks in June 2012 after an unsuccessful season .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Liga Profesional de Honduras ( 4 ) : 1989–90 , 1992–93 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 - Honduran Cup : ( 2 ) : 1995 , 1998 - Honduran Supercup : ( 1 ) : 1997 - CONCACAF Champions Cup ( 1 ) : 1988",
"title": "C.D . Olimpia"
},
{
"text": " - Liga Nacional de Honduras Top Scorer ( 1 ) : 1993–94 - MLS Most Valuable Player ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Golden Boot ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Scoring Champion ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Best XI ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Fair Play Award ( 1 ) : 2001",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Alex_Pineda_Chacón#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Alex Pineda Chacón belong to in Jun 1993?
|
Alex Pineda Chacón Alex Mauricio Pineda Chacón ( born 19 December 1969 in Santa Cruz de Yojoa ) is a retired Honduran footballer . Professional career . Chacón spent most of his career with Club Olimpia of Honduras , joining the side in 1988 , and leading the team to two Honduran championships and a CONCACAF Champions Cup in 1988 . He later played with UA Tamaulipas of Mexico during the 1993–94 season , and then for Sporting Cristal of Peru during the 1994–95 season , appearing in four Copa Libertadores matches . In 2001 , Chacón joined Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion . During the 2001 season , Chacón played a crucial attacking role on a team stacked with offensive talent , including Preki , Diego Serna , Ian Bishop , and Chris Henderson . Chacón registered 19 goals and 9 assists for the team and led the league in goals and points . He was recognized with the MLS Most Valuable Player Award . The Fusion were contracted after the 2001 season along with the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and he was unable to recapture the form that served him well in his first year . He was selected by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft , but the emergence of Taylor Twellman and the arrival of a new manager Steve Nicol led to a diminished role on the squad for Chacón . He moved to the Los Angeles Galaxy after the 2002 season and soon later to the Columbus Crew , but neither move reinvigorated his career . After the 2003 season , Chacón , without a place in MLS , moved to the American A-League , where he found plenty of playing time for the Atlanta Silverbacks . Although he only registered 3 goals and 2 assists in 2004 , Chacóns leadership was recognized with a selection to the A-League All-League first team . International career . Pineda Chacón made his debut for Honduras in a December 1992 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica and has earned a total of 45 caps , scoring 5 goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1993 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 1993 , 1996 , 1998 and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cups . His final international was an April 2000 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nicaragua . Coaching career . Chacón joined the Silverbacks as an assistant coach in 2007 . The squad when on hiatus for the 2008 and 2009 seasons , but Chacón remained in the role . While the club was being restructured , he coached youth soccer club Forsyth Fusion , now known as the United Futbol Academy . After four years with the club as an assistant , he was named head coach on 7 November 2011 . Alex Pineda Chacón has been released from his duties Coaching the Silverbacks in June 2012 after an unsuccessful season . Personal life . Chacón has now settled in Georgia with his wife and two daughters . Honours and awards . Country . - Honduras - Copa Centroamericana ( 1 ) : 1993 Club . C.D . Olimpia - Liga Profesional de Honduras ( 4 ) : 1989–90 , 1992–93 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 - Honduran Cup : ( 2 ) : 1995 , 1998 - Honduran Supercup : ( 1 ) : 1997 - CONCACAF Champions Cup ( 1 ) : 1988 Sporting Cristal - Torneo Descentralizado ( 2 ) : 1994 , 1995 Individual . - Liga Nacional de Honduras Top Scorer ( 1 ) : 1993–94 - MLS Most Valuable Player ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Golden Boot ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Scoring Champion ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Best XI ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Fair Play Award ( 1 ) : 2001
|
[
"UA Tamaulipas"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alex Mauricio Pineda Chacón ( born 19 December 1969 in Santa Cruz de Yojoa ) is a retired Honduran footballer .",
"title": "Alex Pineda Chacón"
},
{
"text": " Chacón spent most of his career with Club Olimpia of Honduras , joining the side in 1988 , and leading the team to two Honduran championships and a CONCACAF Champions Cup in 1988 . He later played with UA Tamaulipas of Mexico during the 1993–94 season , and then for Sporting Cristal of Peru during the 1994–95 season , appearing in four Copa Libertadores matches .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "In 2001 , Chacón joined Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion . During the 2001 season , Chacón played a crucial attacking role on a team stacked with offensive talent , including Preki , Diego Serna , Ian Bishop , and Chris Henderson . Chacón registered 19 goals and 9 assists for the team and led the league in goals and points . He was recognized with the MLS Most Valuable Player Award .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " The Fusion were contracted after the 2001 season along with the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and he was unable to recapture the form that served him well in his first year . He was selected by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft , but the emergence of Taylor Twellman and the arrival of a new manager Steve Nicol led to a diminished role on the squad for Chacón . He moved to the Los Angeles Galaxy after the 2002 season and soon later to the Columbus Crew , but neither move reinvigorated his career .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "After the 2003 season , Chacón , without a place in MLS , moved to the American A-League , where he found plenty of playing time for the Atlanta Silverbacks . Although he only registered 3 goals and 2 assists in 2004 , Chacóns leadership was recognized with a selection to the A-League All-League first team .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Pineda Chacón made his debut for Honduras in a December 1992 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica and has earned a total of 45 caps , scoring 5 goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1993 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 1993 , 1996 , 1998 and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cups . His final international was an April 2000 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nicaragua .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chacón joined the Silverbacks as an assistant coach in 2007 . The squad when on hiatus for the 2008 and 2009 seasons , but Chacón remained in the role . While the club was being restructured , he coached youth soccer club Forsyth Fusion , now known as the United Futbol Academy . After four years with the club as an assistant , he was named head coach on 7 November 2011 . Alex Pineda Chacón has been released from his duties Coaching the Silverbacks in June 2012 after an unsuccessful season .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Liga Profesional de Honduras ( 4 ) : 1989–90 , 1992–93 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 - Honduran Cup : ( 2 ) : 1995 , 1998 - Honduran Supercup : ( 1 ) : 1997 - CONCACAF Champions Cup ( 1 ) : 1988",
"title": "C.D . Olimpia"
},
{
"text": " - Liga Nacional de Honduras Top Scorer ( 1 ) : 1993–94 - MLS Most Valuable Player ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Golden Boot ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Scoring Champion ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Best XI ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Fair Play Award ( 1 ) : 2001",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Alex_Pineda_Chacón#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Alex Pineda Chacón belong to between Feb 1997 and Aug 1997?
|
Alex Pineda Chacón Alex Mauricio Pineda Chacón ( born 19 December 1969 in Santa Cruz de Yojoa ) is a retired Honduran footballer . Professional career . Chacón spent most of his career with Club Olimpia of Honduras , joining the side in 1988 , and leading the team to two Honduran championships and a CONCACAF Champions Cup in 1988 . He later played with UA Tamaulipas of Mexico during the 1993–94 season , and then for Sporting Cristal of Peru during the 1994–95 season , appearing in four Copa Libertadores matches . In 2001 , Chacón joined Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion . During the 2001 season , Chacón played a crucial attacking role on a team stacked with offensive talent , including Preki , Diego Serna , Ian Bishop , and Chris Henderson . Chacón registered 19 goals and 9 assists for the team and led the league in goals and points . He was recognized with the MLS Most Valuable Player Award . The Fusion were contracted after the 2001 season along with the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and he was unable to recapture the form that served him well in his first year . He was selected by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft , but the emergence of Taylor Twellman and the arrival of a new manager Steve Nicol led to a diminished role on the squad for Chacón . He moved to the Los Angeles Galaxy after the 2002 season and soon later to the Columbus Crew , but neither move reinvigorated his career . After the 2003 season , Chacón , without a place in MLS , moved to the American A-League , where he found plenty of playing time for the Atlanta Silverbacks . Although he only registered 3 goals and 2 assists in 2004 , Chacóns leadership was recognized with a selection to the A-League All-League first team . International career . Pineda Chacón made his debut for Honduras in a December 1992 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica and has earned a total of 45 caps , scoring 5 goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1993 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 1993 , 1996 , 1998 and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cups . His final international was an April 2000 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nicaragua . Coaching career . Chacón joined the Silverbacks as an assistant coach in 2007 . The squad when on hiatus for the 2008 and 2009 seasons , but Chacón remained in the role . While the club was being restructured , he coached youth soccer club Forsyth Fusion , now known as the United Futbol Academy . After four years with the club as an assistant , he was named head coach on 7 November 2011 . Alex Pineda Chacón has been released from his duties Coaching the Silverbacks in June 2012 after an unsuccessful season . Personal life . Chacón has now settled in Georgia with his wife and two daughters . Honours and awards . Country . - Honduras - Copa Centroamericana ( 1 ) : 1993 Club . C.D . Olimpia - Liga Profesional de Honduras ( 4 ) : 1989–90 , 1992–93 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 - Honduran Cup : ( 2 ) : 1995 , 1998 - Honduran Supercup : ( 1 ) : 1997 - CONCACAF Champions Cup ( 1 ) : 1988 Sporting Cristal - Torneo Descentralizado ( 2 ) : 1994 , 1995 Individual . - Liga Nacional de Honduras Top Scorer ( 1 ) : 1993–94 - MLS Most Valuable Player ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Golden Boot ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Scoring Champion ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Best XI ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Fair Play Award ( 1 ) : 2001
|
[
"C.D . Olimpia"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alex Mauricio Pineda Chacón ( born 19 December 1969 in Santa Cruz de Yojoa ) is a retired Honduran footballer .",
"title": "Alex Pineda Chacón"
},
{
"text": " Chacón spent most of his career with Club Olimpia of Honduras , joining the side in 1988 , and leading the team to two Honduran championships and a CONCACAF Champions Cup in 1988 . He later played with UA Tamaulipas of Mexico during the 1993–94 season , and then for Sporting Cristal of Peru during the 1994–95 season , appearing in four Copa Libertadores matches .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "In 2001 , Chacón joined Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion . During the 2001 season , Chacón played a crucial attacking role on a team stacked with offensive talent , including Preki , Diego Serna , Ian Bishop , and Chris Henderson . Chacón registered 19 goals and 9 assists for the team and led the league in goals and points . He was recognized with the MLS Most Valuable Player Award .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " The Fusion were contracted after the 2001 season along with the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and he was unable to recapture the form that served him well in his first year . He was selected by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft , but the emergence of Taylor Twellman and the arrival of a new manager Steve Nicol led to a diminished role on the squad for Chacón . He moved to the Los Angeles Galaxy after the 2002 season and soon later to the Columbus Crew , but neither move reinvigorated his career .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "After the 2003 season , Chacón , without a place in MLS , moved to the American A-League , where he found plenty of playing time for the Atlanta Silverbacks . Although he only registered 3 goals and 2 assists in 2004 , Chacóns leadership was recognized with a selection to the A-League All-League first team .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Pineda Chacón made his debut for Honduras in a December 1992 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica and has earned a total of 45 caps , scoring 5 goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1993 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 1993 , 1996 , 1998 and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cups . His final international was an April 2000 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nicaragua .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chacón joined the Silverbacks as an assistant coach in 2007 . The squad when on hiatus for the 2008 and 2009 seasons , but Chacón remained in the role . While the club was being restructured , he coached youth soccer club Forsyth Fusion , now known as the United Futbol Academy . After four years with the club as an assistant , he was named head coach on 7 November 2011 . Alex Pineda Chacón has been released from his duties Coaching the Silverbacks in June 2012 after an unsuccessful season .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Liga Profesional de Honduras ( 4 ) : 1989–90 , 1992–93 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 - Honduran Cup : ( 2 ) : 1995 , 1998 - Honduran Supercup : ( 1 ) : 1997 - CONCACAF Champions Cup ( 1 ) : 1988",
"title": "C.D . Olimpia"
},
{
"text": " - Liga Nacional de Honduras Top Scorer ( 1 ) : 1993–94 - MLS Most Valuable Player ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Golden Boot ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Scoring Champion ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Best XI ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Fair Play Award ( 1 ) : 2001",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Alex_Pineda_Chacón#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Alex Pineda Chacón belong to in Sep 1998?
|
Alex Pineda Chacón Alex Mauricio Pineda Chacón ( born 19 December 1969 in Santa Cruz de Yojoa ) is a retired Honduran footballer . Professional career . Chacón spent most of his career with Club Olimpia of Honduras , joining the side in 1988 , and leading the team to two Honduran championships and a CONCACAF Champions Cup in 1988 . He later played with UA Tamaulipas of Mexico during the 1993–94 season , and then for Sporting Cristal of Peru during the 1994–95 season , appearing in four Copa Libertadores matches . In 2001 , Chacón joined Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion . During the 2001 season , Chacón played a crucial attacking role on a team stacked with offensive talent , including Preki , Diego Serna , Ian Bishop , and Chris Henderson . Chacón registered 19 goals and 9 assists for the team and led the league in goals and points . He was recognized with the MLS Most Valuable Player Award . The Fusion were contracted after the 2001 season along with the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and he was unable to recapture the form that served him well in his first year . He was selected by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft , but the emergence of Taylor Twellman and the arrival of a new manager Steve Nicol led to a diminished role on the squad for Chacón . He moved to the Los Angeles Galaxy after the 2002 season and soon later to the Columbus Crew , but neither move reinvigorated his career . After the 2003 season , Chacón , without a place in MLS , moved to the American A-League , where he found plenty of playing time for the Atlanta Silverbacks . Although he only registered 3 goals and 2 assists in 2004 , Chacóns leadership was recognized with a selection to the A-League All-League first team . International career . Pineda Chacón made his debut for Honduras in a December 1992 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica and has earned a total of 45 caps , scoring 5 goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1993 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 1993 , 1996 , 1998 and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cups . His final international was an April 2000 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nicaragua . Coaching career . Chacón joined the Silverbacks as an assistant coach in 2007 . The squad when on hiatus for the 2008 and 2009 seasons , but Chacón remained in the role . While the club was being restructured , he coached youth soccer club Forsyth Fusion , now known as the United Futbol Academy . After four years with the club as an assistant , he was named head coach on 7 November 2011 . Alex Pineda Chacón has been released from his duties Coaching the Silverbacks in June 2012 after an unsuccessful season . Personal life . Chacón has now settled in Georgia with his wife and two daughters . Honours and awards . Country . - Honduras - Copa Centroamericana ( 1 ) : 1993 Club . C.D . Olimpia - Liga Profesional de Honduras ( 4 ) : 1989–90 , 1992–93 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 - Honduran Cup : ( 2 ) : 1995 , 1998 - Honduran Supercup : ( 1 ) : 1997 - CONCACAF Champions Cup ( 1 ) : 1988 Sporting Cristal - Torneo Descentralizado ( 2 ) : 1994 , 1995 Individual . - Liga Nacional de Honduras Top Scorer ( 1 ) : 1993–94 - MLS Most Valuable Player ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Golden Boot ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Scoring Champion ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Best XI ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Fair Play Award ( 1 ) : 2001
|
[
"UA Tamaulipas"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alex Mauricio Pineda Chacón ( born 19 December 1969 in Santa Cruz de Yojoa ) is a retired Honduran footballer .",
"title": "Alex Pineda Chacón"
},
{
"text": " Chacón spent most of his career with Club Olimpia of Honduras , joining the side in 1988 , and leading the team to two Honduran championships and a CONCACAF Champions Cup in 1988 . He later played with UA Tamaulipas of Mexico during the 1993–94 season , and then for Sporting Cristal of Peru during the 1994–95 season , appearing in four Copa Libertadores matches .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "In 2001 , Chacón joined Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion . During the 2001 season , Chacón played a crucial attacking role on a team stacked with offensive talent , including Preki , Diego Serna , Ian Bishop , and Chris Henderson . Chacón registered 19 goals and 9 assists for the team and led the league in goals and points . He was recognized with the MLS Most Valuable Player Award .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " The Fusion were contracted after the 2001 season along with the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and he was unable to recapture the form that served him well in his first year . He was selected by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft , but the emergence of Taylor Twellman and the arrival of a new manager Steve Nicol led to a diminished role on the squad for Chacón . He moved to the Los Angeles Galaxy after the 2002 season and soon later to the Columbus Crew , but neither move reinvigorated his career .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "After the 2003 season , Chacón , without a place in MLS , moved to the American A-League , where he found plenty of playing time for the Atlanta Silverbacks . Although he only registered 3 goals and 2 assists in 2004 , Chacóns leadership was recognized with a selection to the A-League All-League first team .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Pineda Chacón made his debut for Honduras in a December 1992 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica and has earned a total of 45 caps , scoring 5 goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1993 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 1993 , 1996 , 1998 and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cups . His final international was an April 2000 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nicaragua .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chacón joined the Silverbacks as an assistant coach in 2007 . The squad when on hiatus for the 2008 and 2009 seasons , but Chacón remained in the role . While the club was being restructured , he coached youth soccer club Forsyth Fusion , now known as the United Futbol Academy . After four years with the club as an assistant , he was named head coach on 7 November 2011 . Alex Pineda Chacón has been released from his duties Coaching the Silverbacks in June 2012 after an unsuccessful season .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Liga Profesional de Honduras ( 4 ) : 1989–90 , 1992–93 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 - Honduran Cup : ( 2 ) : 1995 , 1998 - Honduran Supercup : ( 1 ) : 1997 - CONCACAF Champions Cup ( 1 ) : 1988",
"title": "C.D . Olimpia"
},
{
"text": " - Liga Nacional de Honduras Top Scorer ( 1 ) : 1993–94 - MLS Most Valuable Player ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Golden Boot ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Scoring Champion ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Best XI ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Fair Play Award ( 1 ) : 2001",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Alex_Pineda_Chacón#P54#4
|
Which team did the player Alex Pineda Chacón belong to in Oct 2003?
|
Alex Pineda Chacón Alex Mauricio Pineda Chacón ( born 19 December 1969 in Santa Cruz de Yojoa ) is a retired Honduran footballer . Professional career . Chacón spent most of his career with Club Olimpia of Honduras , joining the side in 1988 , and leading the team to two Honduran championships and a CONCACAF Champions Cup in 1988 . He later played with UA Tamaulipas of Mexico during the 1993–94 season , and then for Sporting Cristal of Peru during the 1994–95 season , appearing in four Copa Libertadores matches . In 2001 , Chacón joined Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion . During the 2001 season , Chacón played a crucial attacking role on a team stacked with offensive talent , including Preki , Diego Serna , Ian Bishop , and Chris Henderson . Chacón registered 19 goals and 9 assists for the team and led the league in goals and points . He was recognized with the MLS Most Valuable Player Award . The Fusion were contracted after the 2001 season along with the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and he was unable to recapture the form that served him well in his first year . He was selected by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft , but the emergence of Taylor Twellman and the arrival of a new manager Steve Nicol led to a diminished role on the squad for Chacón . He moved to the Los Angeles Galaxy after the 2002 season and soon later to the Columbus Crew , but neither move reinvigorated his career . After the 2003 season , Chacón , without a place in MLS , moved to the American A-League , where he found plenty of playing time for the Atlanta Silverbacks . Although he only registered 3 goals and 2 assists in 2004 , Chacóns leadership was recognized with a selection to the A-League All-League first team . International career . Pineda Chacón made his debut for Honduras in a December 1992 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica and has earned a total of 45 caps , scoring 5 goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1993 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 1993 , 1996 , 1998 and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cups . His final international was an April 2000 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nicaragua . Coaching career . Chacón joined the Silverbacks as an assistant coach in 2007 . The squad when on hiatus for the 2008 and 2009 seasons , but Chacón remained in the role . While the club was being restructured , he coached youth soccer club Forsyth Fusion , now known as the United Futbol Academy . After four years with the club as an assistant , he was named head coach on 7 November 2011 . Alex Pineda Chacón has been released from his duties Coaching the Silverbacks in June 2012 after an unsuccessful season . Personal life . Chacón has now settled in Georgia with his wife and two daughters . Honours and awards . Country . - Honduras - Copa Centroamericana ( 1 ) : 1993 Club . C.D . Olimpia - Liga Profesional de Honduras ( 4 ) : 1989–90 , 1992–93 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 - Honduran Cup : ( 2 ) : 1995 , 1998 - Honduran Supercup : ( 1 ) : 1997 - CONCACAF Champions Cup ( 1 ) : 1988 Sporting Cristal - Torneo Descentralizado ( 2 ) : 1994 , 1995 Individual . - Liga Nacional de Honduras Top Scorer ( 1 ) : 1993–94 - MLS Most Valuable Player ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Golden Boot ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Scoring Champion ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Best XI ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Fair Play Award ( 1 ) : 2001
|
[
"Atlanta Silverbacks"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alex Mauricio Pineda Chacón ( born 19 December 1969 in Santa Cruz de Yojoa ) is a retired Honduran footballer .",
"title": "Alex Pineda Chacón"
},
{
"text": " Chacón spent most of his career with Club Olimpia of Honduras , joining the side in 1988 , and leading the team to two Honduran championships and a CONCACAF Champions Cup in 1988 . He later played with UA Tamaulipas of Mexico during the 1993–94 season , and then for Sporting Cristal of Peru during the 1994–95 season , appearing in four Copa Libertadores matches .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "In 2001 , Chacón joined Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion . During the 2001 season , Chacón played a crucial attacking role on a team stacked with offensive talent , including Preki , Diego Serna , Ian Bishop , and Chris Henderson . Chacón registered 19 goals and 9 assists for the team and led the league in goals and points . He was recognized with the MLS Most Valuable Player Award .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " The Fusion were contracted after the 2001 season along with the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and he was unable to recapture the form that served him well in his first year . He was selected by the New England Revolution in the 2002 MLS Dispersal Draft , but the emergence of Taylor Twellman and the arrival of a new manager Steve Nicol led to a diminished role on the squad for Chacón . He moved to the Los Angeles Galaxy after the 2002 season and soon later to the Columbus Crew , but neither move reinvigorated his career .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "After the 2003 season , Chacón , without a place in MLS , moved to the American A-League , where he found plenty of playing time for the Atlanta Silverbacks . Although he only registered 3 goals and 2 assists in 2004 , Chacóns leadership was recognized with a selection to the A-League All-League first team .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Pineda Chacón made his debut for Honduras in a December 1992 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Costa Rica and has earned a total of 45 caps , scoring 5 goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1993 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 1993 , 1996 , 1998 and 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cups . His final international was an April 2000 FIFA World Cup qualification against Nicaragua .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Chacón joined the Silverbacks as an assistant coach in 2007 . The squad when on hiatus for the 2008 and 2009 seasons , but Chacón remained in the role . While the club was being restructured , he coached youth soccer club Forsyth Fusion , now known as the United Futbol Academy . After four years with the club as an assistant , he was named head coach on 7 November 2011 . Alex Pineda Chacón has been released from his duties Coaching the Silverbacks in June 2012 after an unsuccessful season .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Liga Profesional de Honduras ( 4 ) : 1989–90 , 1992–93 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 - Honduran Cup : ( 2 ) : 1995 , 1998 - Honduran Supercup : ( 1 ) : 1997 - CONCACAF Champions Cup ( 1 ) : 1988",
"title": "C.D . Olimpia"
},
{
"text": " - Liga Nacional de Honduras Top Scorer ( 1 ) : 1993–94 - MLS Most Valuable Player ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Golden Boot ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Scoring Champion ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Best XI ( 1 ) : 2001 - MLS Fair Play Award ( 1 ) : 2001",
"title": "Individual"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Lennon#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Steven Lennon belong to between Dec 2006 and 2007?
|
Steven Lennon Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf . Career . Rangers . Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo . Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 . On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 . Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract . Dundalk . In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal . Newport County . In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 . Fram Reykjavik . In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 . Sandnes Ulf . In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen . FH . In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH . External links . - Scotland stats at Scottish FA
|
[
"Rangers"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf .",
"title": "Steven Lennon"
},
{
"text": " Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal .",
"title": "Dundalk"
},
{
"text": " In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 .",
"title": "Newport County"
},
{
"text": " In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 .",
"title": "Fram Reykjavik"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen .",
"title": "Sandnes Ulf"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH .",
"title": "FH"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland stats at Scottish FA",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Lennon#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Steven Lennon belong to in 2007?
|
Steven Lennon Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf . Career . Rangers . Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo . Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 . On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 . Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract . Dundalk . In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal . Newport County . In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 . Fram Reykjavik . In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 . Sandnes Ulf . In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen . FH . In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH . External links . - Scotland stats at Scottish FA
|
[
"Rangers"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf .",
"title": "Steven Lennon"
},
{
"text": " Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal .",
"title": "Dundalk"
},
{
"text": " In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 .",
"title": "Newport County"
},
{
"text": " In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 .",
"title": "Fram Reykjavik"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen .",
"title": "Sandnes Ulf"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH .",
"title": "FH"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland stats at Scottish FA",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Lennon#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Steven Lennon belong to in Jul 2008?
|
Steven Lennon Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf . Career . Rangers . Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo . Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 . On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 . Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract . Dundalk . In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal . Newport County . In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 . Fram Reykjavik . In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 . Sandnes Ulf . In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen . FH . In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH . External links . - Scotland stats at Scottish FA
|
[
"Rangers"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf .",
"title": "Steven Lennon"
},
{
"text": " Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal .",
"title": "Dundalk"
},
{
"text": " In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 .",
"title": "Newport County"
},
{
"text": " In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 .",
"title": "Fram Reykjavik"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen .",
"title": "Sandnes Ulf"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH .",
"title": "FH"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland stats at Scottish FA",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Lennon#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Steven Lennon belong to in Feb 2011?
|
Steven Lennon Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf . Career . Rangers . Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo . Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 . On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 . Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract . Dundalk . In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal . Newport County . In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 . Fram Reykjavik . In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 . Sandnes Ulf . In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen . FH . In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH . External links . - Scotland stats at Scottish FA
|
[
"Dundalk",
"Newport County"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf .",
"title": "Steven Lennon"
},
{
"text": " Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal .",
"title": "Dundalk"
},
{
"text": " In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 .",
"title": "Newport County"
},
{
"text": " In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 .",
"title": "Fram Reykjavik"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen .",
"title": "Sandnes Ulf"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH .",
"title": "FH"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland stats at Scottish FA",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Lennon#P54#4
|
Which team did the player Steven Lennon belong to in Oct 2013?
|
Steven Lennon Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf . Career . Rangers . Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo . Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 . On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 . Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract . Dundalk . In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal . Newport County . In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 . Fram Reykjavik . In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 . Sandnes Ulf . In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen . FH . In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH . External links . - Scotland stats at Scottish FA
|
[
"Sandnes Ulf"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf .",
"title": "Steven Lennon"
},
{
"text": " Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal .",
"title": "Dundalk"
},
{
"text": " In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 .",
"title": "Newport County"
},
{
"text": " In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 .",
"title": "Fram Reykjavik"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen .",
"title": "Sandnes Ulf"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH .",
"title": "FH"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland stats at Scottish FA",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Lennon#P54#5
|
Which team did the player Steven Lennon belong to between Jun 2014 and Aug 2014?
|
Steven Lennon Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf . Career . Rangers . Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo . Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 . On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 . Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract . Dundalk . In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal . Newport County . In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 . Fram Reykjavik . In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 . Sandnes Ulf . In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen . FH . In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH . External links . - Scotland stats at Scottish FA
|
[
"FH"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven Lennon ( born 20 January 1988 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward in the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild for FH . He has previously played for Rangers , Partick Thistle , Lincoln City , Dundalk , Newport County , Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf .",
"title": "Steven Lennon"
},
{
"text": " Lennon was born in Irvine , North Ayrshire . He started off his career as a midfielder but changed to a striker , becoming a regular for the Rangers reserve team . He made his debut for the Rangers first team in a Scottish Premier League match against Inverness on 27 December 2006 , coming on as a substitute for Nacho Novo .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon became known as a prolific goalscorer , scoring numerous goals for Rangers under-19s in the 2006–07 season including a hat-trick in a 3–3 draw with Dundee United . He then scored a hat-trick in Rangers 5–0 defeat of rivals Celtic in the Scottish Youth Cup final on 26 April 2007 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " On 3 December 2007 , Lennon signed a new contract that was to have seen him tied to the club until at least 2010 . Lennon joined Partick Thistle on loan on 16 August 2008 . The deal lasted until 26 January 2009 .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": "Lennon subsequently joined English club Lincoln City on loan on 1 February 2010 . The loan deal covered the period until the end of the 2009–10 season . Lennon was offered a permanent deal at Lincoln at the end of the season and despite stating he would be delighted to sign for the Imps on a permanent basis , he complained that he could not find anywhere to live in the City and missed Chris Suttons deadline . Sutton withdrew the offer and Lennon returned to Rangers , where he was released at the end of his contract .",
"title": "Rangers"
},
{
"text": " In July 2010 Lennon signed for Dundalk until the end of the Irish season , although he broke his foot less than a month into the deal .",
"title": "Dundalk"
},
{
"text": " In February 2011 Lennon signed for Newport County , where he was reunited with former Dundalk players Wayne Hatswell and Tom Miller . He rejected a contract offer in May 2011 .",
"title": "Newport County"
},
{
"text": " In July 2011 he joined Fram who play in Icelands premiere league Úrvalsdeild . He marked his debut for the club by scoring the only goal in their 1–0 victory at Víkingur on 18 July 2011 . He signed a new one-year contract with the club in October 2012 .",
"title": "Fram Reykjavik"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 he joined Sandnes Ulf , agreeing a two and a half-year contract with the club . The move arose after the club had been recommended to Lennon by his one-time Rangers teammate Thomas Kind Bendiksen .",
"title": "Sandnes Ulf"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 , Lennon returned to the Úrvalsdeild , signing a three-year contract with FH .",
"title": "FH"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland stats at Scottish FA",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Peggy_Fenner#P39#0
|
Which position did Peggy Fenner hold before Mar 1973?
|
Peggy Fenner Dame Peggy Edith Fenner , DBE ( 12 November 1922 – 15 September 2014 ) was a British Conservative Party politician . Political career . Joining the Conservative Party in 1952 , she was elected to Sevenoaks council five years later , chairing it in 1962 and 1963 ; she also served on the West Kent education executive . She made a strong impression among Kentish Tories , and in 1964 was shortlisted ahead of 104 applicants , almost all men , to succeed Harold Macmillan at Bromley . She missed out in the final selection , then again at Brighton Kemp Town where the party was seeking — and would fail — to overturn a Labour majority of seven . Instead she was adopted for the unwinnable Newcastle-under-Lyme . After unsuccessfully fighting Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1966 , Fenner was elected MP for Rochester and Chatham at the 1970 general election . Rochester and Chatham Conservatives selected her to take on the Left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr , and in 1970 she bettered the national swing to capture the seat by 5,341 votes . Both candidates bemoaned the fact that the other could not have found a man to defeat somewhere else , and when Peggy Fenner arrived in the Commons it was womens issues that she took up . Her first success was to force the Royal Navy to scuttle a “dial a sailor” scheme for the public to befriend sailors docking away from their home port , after Navy wives complained . She joined other Tory women in trying to amend the recently liberalised divorce laws which ended the right of the “innocent party” to veto divorce after five years . Her work on the Expenditure Select Committee impressed , and in November 1972 Heath appointed her Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Agriculture with responsibility for prices , which were becoming an issue as inflation set in . Peggy Fenner served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with responsibility for food , from November 1972 to February 1974 under Edward Heath , and again from September 1981 to September 1986 under Margaret Thatcher . Upon leaving the government in 1986 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire . At MAFF she took through the legislation obliging food producers to put sell-by dates on their products , but spent most of her time tackling a rising tide of complaints about higher meat prices , caused by a world shortage , and explaining a 48 per cent increase in food prices in three years . When Labours Willie Hamilton complained of being charged 5p for a banana , she told him curtly : “You could certainly do with some help with your shopping . I bought six bananas for 17p recently , and I don’t have time to shop around.” Hamilton was back next week saying he had now been charged 16½p for three bananas . In the February 1974 election called by Heath over the miners’ strike , Peggy Fenner fought a tight battle with Roger Kenward , Labour , and her majority slumped to 843 . In opposition , she joined Britains contingent in the then-nominated European Parliament . She attended only a handful of sessions before Harold Wilson called another election and Labours Bob Bean ousted her by 2,418 votes . She was out of the Commons for Mrs Thatchers overthrow of Heath , and as the Tories regrouped for a return to government . She won back Rochester and Chatham in 1979 , by 2,688 votes . John Notts decision to close Chatham dockyard was a blow to Peggy Fenners constituents , many of whom took it out on their MP . And before she could launch a campaign against the closure , Mrs Thatcher , in September 1981 , gave her back her old job at MAFF . Prices were now less of an issue , so she could address concerns over quality : the conditions in which veal calves and battery hens were kept , the amount of fat in mince and water in sausages , dyes in pet food , tighter curbs on pesticides , pesticide residues on lemons that were polluting gin-and-tonics , and the unsuitability of cling film for microwave cooking . She also presided over the first raising of the Thames Barrier . At the 1983 election the Rochester and Chatham seat was abolished and Fenner was elected MP for the new constituency of Medway . She continued to hold the seat for the next fourteen years , being re-elected at the 1987 and 1992 general elections , until she lost it at the 1997 election to Labours Bob Marshall-Andrews . On the death of Baroness Jeger in 2007 , Fenner became the oldest living woman to have served as an MP in the United Kingdom . Mrs Thatcher dropped her in September 1986 in a cull of junior ministers , compensating her with a DBE . Dame Peggy became a leading campaigner against the high speed link across Kent to the Channel Tunnel . For a decade from 1987 she returned to Strasbourg as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union . The 1997 election brought boundary changes and a heavy national swing to Labour . Dame Peggy , her 75th birthday approaching , went down by 5,354 votes to the colourful barrister Bob Marshall-Andrews . Personal life . Born on 12 November 1922 in Lewisham , London , as Peggy Edith Bennett , she was cared for in infancy by her grandparents . Her parents divorced when she was three and she never saw her father again . Educated at a London County Council elementary school in Brockley , Kent she went on to attend Ide Hill School in Sevenoaks but left aged 14 going into service . In 1940 aged 18 she married architect Bernard Fenner and went into wartime factory work . The couple had one daughter . Her husband Bernard Fenner and their daughter predeceased her . She died on 15 September 2014 . References . - Times Guide to the House of Commons , Times Newspapers Limited , 1979 and 1997 editions .
|
[
"MP for Rochester"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dame Peggy Edith Fenner , DBE ( 12 November 1922 – 15 September 2014 ) was a British Conservative Party politician .",
"title": "Peggy Fenner"
},
{
"text": " Joining the Conservative Party in 1952 , she was elected to Sevenoaks council five years later , chairing it in 1962 and 1963 ; she also served on the West Kent education executive . She made a strong impression among Kentish Tories , and in 1964 was shortlisted ahead of 104 applicants , almost all men , to succeed Harold Macmillan at Bromley .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "She missed out in the final selection , then again at Brighton Kemp Town where the party was seeking — and would fail — to overturn a Labour majority of seven . Instead she was adopted for the unwinnable Newcastle-under-Lyme .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " After unsuccessfully fighting Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1966 , Fenner was elected MP for Rochester and Chatham at the 1970 general election . Rochester and Chatham Conservatives selected her to take on the Left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr , and in 1970 she bettered the national swing to capture the seat by 5,341 votes . Both candidates bemoaned the fact that the other could not have found a man to defeat somewhere else , and when Peggy Fenner arrived in the Commons it was womens issues that she took up .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Her first success was to force the Royal Navy to scuttle a “dial a sailor” scheme for the public to befriend sailors docking away from their home port , after Navy wives complained . She joined other Tory women in trying to amend the recently liberalised divorce laws which ended the right of the “innocent party” to veto divorce after five years . Her work on the Expenditure Select Committee impressed , and in November 1972 Heath appointed her Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Agriculture with responsibility for prices , which were becoming an issue as inflation set in . Peggy Fenner",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with responsibility for food , from November 1972 to February 1974 under Edward Heath , and again from September 1981 to September 1986 under Margaret Thatcher . Upon leaving the government in 1986 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " At MAFF she took through the legislation obliging food producers to put sell-by dates on their products , but spent most of her time tackling a rising tide of complaints about higher meat prices , caused by a world shortage , and explaining a 48 per cent increase in food prices in three years .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "When Labours Willie Hamilton complained of being charged 5p for a banana , she told him curtly : “You could certainly do with some help with your shopping . I bought six bananas for 17p recently , and I don’t have time to shop around.” Hamilton was back next week saying he had now been charged 16½p for three bananas .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In the February 1974 election called by Heath over the miners’ strike , Peggy Fenner fought a tight battle with Roger Kenward , Labour , and her majority slumped to 843 . In opposition , she joined Britains contingent in the then-nominated European Parliament . She attended only a handful of sessions before Harold Wilson called another election and Labours Bob Bean ousted her by 2,418 votes .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "She was out of the Commons for Mrs Thatchers overthrow of Heath , and as the Tories regrouped for a return to government . She won back Rochester and Chatham in 1979 , by 2,688 votes .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " John Notts decision to close Chatham dockyard was a blow to Peggy Fenners constituents , many of whom took it out on their MP . And before she could launch a campaign against the closure , Mrs Thatcher , in September 1981 , gave her back her old job at MAFF .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Prices were now less of an issue , so she could address concerns over quality : the conditions in which veal calves and battery hens were kept , the amount of fat in mince and water in sausages , dyes in pet food , tighter curbs on pesticides , pesticide residues on lemons that were polluting gin-and-tonics , and the unsuitability of cling film for microwave cooking . She also presided over the first raising of the Thames Barrier .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " At the 1983 election the Rochester and Chatham seat was abolished and Fenner was elected MP for the new constituency of Medway . She continued to hold the seat for the next fourteen years , being re-elected at the 1987 and 1992 general elections , until she lost it at the 1997 election to Labours Bob Marshall-Andrews . On the death of Baroness Jeger in 2007 , Fenner became the oldest living woman to have served as an MP in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Mrs Thatcher dropped her in September 1986 in a cull of junior ministers , compensating her with a DBE . Dame Peggy became a leading campaigner against the high speed link across Kent to the Channel Tunnel . For a decade from 1987 she returned to Strasbourg as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " The 1997 election brought boundary changes and a heavy national swing to Labour . Dame Peggy , her 75th birthday approaching , went down by 5,354 votes to the colourful barrister Bob Marshall-Andrews .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Born on 12 November 1922 in Lewisham , London , as Peggy Edith Bennett , she was cared for in infancy by her grandparents . Her parents divorced when she was three and she never saw her father again . Educated at a London County Council elementary school in Brockley , Kent she went on to attend Ide Hill School in Sevenoaks but left aged 14 going into service . In 1940 aged 18 she married architect Bernard Fenner and went into wartime factory work . The couple had one daughter .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her husband Bernard Fenner and their daughter predeceased her . She died on 15 September 2014 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Times Guide to the House of Commons , Times Newspapers Limited , 1979 and 1997 editions .",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Peggy_Fenner#P39#1
|
Which position did Peggy Fenner hold between Jun 1979 and Sep 1979?
|
Peggy Fenner Dame Peggy Edith Fenner , DBE ( 12 November 1922 – 15 September 2014 ) was a British Conservative Party politician . Political career . Joining the Conservative Party in 1952 , she was elected to Sevenoaks council five years later , chairing it in 1962 and 1963 ; she also served on the West Kent education executive . She made a strong impression among Kentish Tories , and in 1964 was shortlisted ahead of 104 applicants , almost all men , to succeed Harold Macmillan at Bromley . She missed out in the final selection , then again at Brighton Kemp Town where the party was seeking — and would fail — to overturn a Labour majority of seven . Instead she was adopted for the unwinnable Newcastle-under-Lyme . After unsuccessfully fighting Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1966 , Fenner was elected MP for Rochester and Chatham at the 1970 general election . Rochester and Chatham Conservatives selected her to take on the Left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr , and in 1970 she bettered the national swing to capture the seat by 5,341 votes . Both candidates bemoaned the fact that the other could not have found a man to defeat somewhere else , and when Peggy Fenner arrived in the Commons it was womens issues that she took up . Her first success was to force the Royal Navy to scuttle a “dial a sailor” scheme for the public to befriend sailors docking away from their home port , after Navy wives complained . She joined other Tory women in trying to amend the recently liberalised divorce laws which ended the right of the “innocent party” to veto divorce after five years . Her work on the Expenditure Select Committee impressed , and in November 1972 Heath appointed her Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Agriculture with responsibility for prices , which were becoming an issue as inflation set in . Peggy Fenner served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with responsibility for food , from November 1972 to February 1974 under Edward Heath , and again from September 1981 to September 1986 under Margaret Thatcher . Upon leaving the government in 1986 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire . At MAFF she took through the legislation obliging food producers to put sell-by dates on their products , but spent most of her time tackling a rising tide of complaints about higher meat prices , caused by a world shortage , and explaining a 48 per cent increase in food prices in three years . When Labours Willie Hamilton complained of being charged 5p for a banana , she told him curtly : “You could certainly do with some help with your shopping . I bought six bananas for 17p recently , and I don’t have time to shop around.” Hamilton was back next week saying he had now been charged 16½p for three bananas . In the February 1974 election called by Heath over the miners’ strike , Peggy Fenner fought a tight battle with Roger Kenward , Labour , and her majority slumped to 843 . In opposition , she joined Britains contingent in the then-nominated European Parliament . She attended only a handful of sessions before Harold Wilson called another election and Labours Bob Bean ousted her by 2,418 votes . She was out of the Commons for Mrs Thatchers overthrow of Heath , and as the Tories regrouped for a return to government . She won back Rochester and Chatham in 1979 , by 2,688 votes . John Notts decision to close Chatham dockyard was a blow to Peggy Fenners constituents , many of whom took it out on their MP . And before she could launch a campaign against the closure , Mrs Thatcher , in September 1981 , gave her back her old job at MAFF . Prices were now less of an issue , so she could address concerns over quality : the conditions in which veal calves and battery hens were kept , the amount of fat in mince and water in sausages , dyes in pet food , tighter curbs on pesticides , pesticide residues on lemons that were polluting gin-and-tonics , and the unsuitability of cling film for microwave cooking . She also presided over the first raising of the Thames Barrier . At the 1983 election the Rochester and Chatham seat was abolished and Fenner was elected MP for the new constituency of Medway . She continued to hold the seat for the next fourteen years , being re-elected at the 1987 and 1992 general elections , until she lost it at the 1997 election to Labours Bob Marshall-Andrews . On the death of Baroness Jeger in 2007 , Fenner became the oldest living woman to have served as an MP in the United Kingdom . Mrs Thatcher dropped her in September 1986 in a cull of junior ministers , compensating her with a DBE . Dame Peggy became a leading campaigner against the high speed link across Kent to the Channel Tunnel . For a decade from 1987 she returned to Strasbourg as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union . The 1997 election brought boundary changes and a heavy national swing to Labour . Dame Peggy , her 75th birthday approaching , went down by 5,354 votes to the colourful barrister Bob Marshall-Andrews . Personal life . Born on 12 November 1922 in Lewisham , London , as Peggy Edith Bennett , she was cared for in infancy by her grandparents . Her parents divorced when she was three and she never saw her father again . Educated at a London County Council elementary school in Brockley , Kent she went on to attend Ide Hill School in Sevenoaks but left aged 14 going into service . In 1940 aged 18 she married architect Bernard Fenner and went into wartime factory work . The couple had one daughter . Her husband Bernard Fenner and their daughter predeceased her . She died on 15 September 2014 . References . - Times Guide to the House of Commons , Times Newspapers Limited , 1979 and 1997 editions .
|
[
"MP for Rochester"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dame Peggy Edith Fenner , DBE ( 12 November 1922 – 15 September 2014 ) was a British Conservative Party politician .",
"title": "Peggy Fenner"
},
{
"text": " Joining the Conservative Party in 1952 , she was elected to Sevenoaks council five years later , chairing it in 1962 and 1963 ; she also served on the West Kent education executive . She made a strong impression among Kentish Tories , and in 1964 was shortlisted ahead of 104 applicants , almost all men , to succeed Harold Macmillan at Bromley .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "She missed out in the final selection , then again at Brighton Kemp Town where the party was seeking — and would fail — to overturn a Labour majority of seven . Instead she was adopted for the unwinnable Newcastle-under-Lyme .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " After unsuccessfully fighting Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1966 , Fenner was elected MP for Rochester and Chatham at the 1970 general election . Rochester and Chatham Conservatives selected her to take on the Left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr , and in 1970 she bettered the national swing to capture the seat by 5,341 votes . Both candidates bemoaned the fact that the other could not have found a man to defeat somewhere else , and when Peggy Fenner arrived in the Commons it was womens issues that she took up .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Her first success was to force the Royal Navy to scuttle a “dial a sailor” scheme for the public to befriend sailors docking away from their home port , after Navy wives complained . She joined other Tory women in trying to amend the recently liberalised divorce laws which ended the right of the “innocent party” to veto divorce after five years . Her work on the Expenditure Select Committee impressed , and in November 1972 Heath appointed her Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Agriculture with responsibility for prices , which were becoming an issue as inflation set in . Peggy Fenner",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with responsibility for food , from November 1972 to February 1974 under Edward Heath , and again from September 1981 to September 1986 under Margaret Thatcher . Upon leaving the government in 1986 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " At MAFF she took through the legislation obliging food producers to put sell-by dates on their products , but spent most of her time tackling a rising tide of complaints about higher meat prices , caused by a world shortage , and explaining a 48 per cent increase in food prices in three years .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "When Labours Willie Hamilton complained of being charged 5p for a banana , she told him curtly : “You could certainly do with some help with your shopping . I bought six bananas for 17p recently , and I don’t have time to shop around.” Hamilton was back next week saying he had now been charged 16½p for three bananas .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In the February 1974 election called by Heath over the miners’ strike , Peggy Fenner fought a tight battle with Roger Kenward , Labour , and her majority slumped to 843 . In opposition , she joined Britains contingent in the then-nominated European Parliament . She attended only a handful of sessions before Harold Wilson called another election and Labours Bob Bean ousted her by 2,418 votes .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "She was out of the Commons for Mrs Thatchers overthrow of Heath , and as the Tories regrouped for a return to government . She won back Rochester and Chatham in 1979 , by 2,688 votes .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " John Notts decision to close Chatham dockyard was a blow to Peggy Fenners constituents , many of whom took it out on their MP . And before she could launch a campaign against the closure , Mrs Thatcher , in September 1981 , gave her back her old job at MAFF .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Prices were now less of an issue , so she could address concerns over quality : the conditions in which veal calves and battery hens were kept , the amount of fat in mince and water in sausages , dyes in pet food , tighter curbs on pesticides , pesticide residues on lemons that were polluting gin-and-tonics , and the unsuitability of cling film for microwave cooking . She also presided over the first raising of the Thames Barrier .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " At the 1983 election the Rochester and Chatham seat was abolished and Fenner was elected MP for the new constituency of Medway . She continued to hold the seat for the next fourteen years , being re-elected at the 1987 and 1992 general elections , until she lost it at the 1997 election to Labours Bob Marshall-Andrews . On the death of Baroness Jeger in 2007 , Fenner became the oldest living woman to have served as an MP in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Mrs Thatcher dropped her in September 1986 in a cull of junior ministers , compensating her with a DBE . Dame Peggy became a leading campaigner against the high speed link across Kent to the Channel Tunnel . For a decade from 1987 she returned to Strasbourg as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " The 1997 election brought boundary changes and a heavy national swing to Labour . Dame Peggy , her 75th birthday approaching , went down by 5,354 votes to the colourful barrister Bob Marshall-Andrews .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Born on 12 November 1922 in Lewisham , London , as Peggy Edith Bennett , she was cared for in infancy by her grandparents . Her parents divorced when she was three and she never saw her father again . Educated at a London County Council elementary school in Brockley , Kent she went on to attend Ide Hill School in Sevenoaks but left aged 14 going into service . In 1940 aged 18 she married architect Bernard Fenner and went into wartime factory work . The couple had one daughter .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her husband Bernard Fenner and their daughter predeceased her . She died on 15 September 2014 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Times Guide to the House of Commons , Times Newspapers Limited , 1979 and 1997 editions .",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Peggy_Fenner#P39#2
|
Which position did Peggy Fenner hold in Jun 1985?
|
Peggy Fenner Dame Peggy Edith Fenner , DBE ( 12 November 1922 – 15 September 2014 ) was a British Conservative Party politician . Political career . Joining the Conservative Party in 1952 , she was elected to Sevenoaks council five years later , chairing it in 1962 and 1963 ; she also served on the West Kent education executive . She made a strong impression among Kentish Tories , and in 1964 was shortlisted ahead of 104 applicants , almost all men , to succeed Harold Macmillan at Bromley . She missed out in the final selection , then again at Brighton Kemp Town where the party was seeking — and would fail — to overturn a Labour majority of seven . Instead she was adopted for the unwinnable Newcastle-under-Lyme . After unsuccessfully fighting Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1966 , Fenner was elected MP for Rochester and Chatham at the 1970 general election . Rochester and Chatham Conservatives selected her to take on the Left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr , and in 1970 she bettered the national swing to capture the seat by 5,341 votes . Both candidates bemoaned the fact that the other could not have found a man to defeat somewhere else , and when Peggy Fenner arrived in the Commons it was womens issues that she took up . Her first success was to force the Royal Navy to scuttle a “dial a sailor” scheme for the public to befriend sailors docking away from their home port , after Navy wives complained . She joined other Tory women in trying to amend the recently liberalised divorce laws which ended the right of the “innocent party” to veto divorce after five years . Her work on the Expenditure Select Committee impressed , and in November 1972 Heath appointed her Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Agriculture with responsibility for prices , which were becoming an issue as inflation set in . Peggy Fenner served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with responsibility for food , from November 1972 to February 1974 under Edward Heath , and again from September 1981 to September 1986 under Margaret Thatcher . Upon leaving the government in 1986 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire . At MAFF she took through the legislation obliging food producers to put sell-by dates on their products , but spent most of her time tackling a rising tide of complaints about higher meat prices , caused by a world shortage , and explaining a 48 per cent increase in food prices in three years . When Labours Willie Hamilton complained of being charged 5p for a banana , she told him curtly : “You could certainly do with some help with your shopping . I bought six bananas for 17p recently , and I don’t have time to shop around.” Hamilton was back next week saying he had now been charged 16½p for three bananas . In the February 1974 election called by Heath over the miners’ strike , Peggy Fenner fought a tight battle with Roger Kenward , Labour , and her majority slumped to 843 . In opposition , she joined Britains contingent in the then-nominated European Parliament . She attended only a handful of sessions before Harold Wilson called another election and Labours Bob Bean ousted her by 2,418 votes . She was out of the Commons for Mrs Thatchers overthrow of Heath , and as the Tories regrouped for a return to government . She won back Rochester and Chatham in 1979 , by 2,688 votes . John Notts decision to close Chatham dockyard was a blow to Peggy Fenners constituents , many of whom took it out on their MP . And before she could launch a campaign against the closure , Mrs Thatcher , in September 1981 , gave her back her old job at MAFF . Prices were now less of an issue , so she could address concerns over quality : the conditions in which veal calves and battery hens were kept , the amount of fat in mince and water in sausages , dyes in pet food , tighter curbs on pesticides , pesticide residues on lemons that were polluting gin-and-tonics , and the unsuitability of cling film for microwave cooking . She also presided over the first raising of the Thames Barrier . At the 1983 election the Rochester and Chatham seat was abolished and Fenner was elected MP for the new constituency of Medway . She continued to hold the seat for the next fourteen years , being re-elected at the 1987 and 1992 general elections , until she lost it at the 1997 election to Labours Bob Marshall-Andrews . On the death of Baroness Jeger in 2007 , Fenner became the oldest living woman to have served as an MP in the United Kingdom . Mrs Thatcher dropped her in September 1986 in a cull of junior ministers , compensating her with a DBE . Dame Peggy became a leading campaigner against the high speed link across Kent to the Channel Tunnel . For a decade from 1987 she returned to Strasbourg as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union . The 1997 election brought boundary changes and a heavy national swing to Labour . Dame Peggy , her 75th birthday approaching , went down by 5,354 votes to the colourful barrister Bob Marshall-Andrews . Personal life . Born on 12 November 1922 in Lewisham , London , as Peggy Edith Bennett , she was cared for in infancy by her grandparents . Her parents divorced when she was three and she never saw her father again . Educated at a London County Council elementary school in Brockley , Kent she went on to attend Ide Hill School in Sevenoaks but left aged 14 going into service . In 1940 aged 18 she married architect Bernard Fenner and went into wartime factory work . The couple had one daughter . Her husband Bernard Fenner and their daughter predeceased her . She died on 15 September 2014 . References . - Times Guide to the House of Commons , Times Newspapers Limited , 1979 and 1997 editions .
|
[
"MP for Rochester"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dame Peggy Edith Fenner , DBE ( 12 November 1922 – 15 September 2014 ) was a British Conservative Party politician .",
"title": "Peggy Fenner"
},
{
"text": " Joining the Conservative Party in 1952 , she was elected to Sevenoaks council five years later , chairing it in 1962 and 1963 ; she also served on the West Kent education executive . She made a strong impression among Kentish Tories , and in 1964 was shortlisted ahead of 104 applicants , almost all men , to succeed Harold Macmillan at Bromley .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "She missed out in the final selection , then again at Brighton Kemp Town where the party was seeking — and would fail — to overturn a Labour majority of seven . Instead she was adopted for the unwinnable Newcastle-under-Lyme .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " After unsuccessfully fighting Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1966 , Fenner was elected MP for Rochester and Chatham at the 1970 general election . Rochester and Chatham Conservatives selected her to take on the Left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr , and in 1970 she bettered the national swing to capture the seat by 5,341 votes . Both candidates bemoaned the fact that the other could not have found a man to defeat somewhere else , and when Peggy Fenner arrived in the Commons it was womens issues that she took up .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Her first success was to force the Royal Navy to scuttle a “dial a sailor” scheme for the public to befriend sailors docking away from their home port , after Navy wives complained . She joined other Tory women in trying to amend the recently liberalised divorce laws which ended the right of the “innocent party” to veto divorce after five years . Her work on the Expenditure Select Committee impressed , and in November 1972 Heath appointed her Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Agriculture with responsibility for prices , which were becoming an issue as inflation set in . Peggy Fenner",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with responsibility for food , from November 1972 to February 1974 under Edward Heath , and again from September 1981 to September 1986 under Margaret Thatcher . Upon leaving the government in 1986 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " At MAFF she took through the legislation obliging food producers to put sell-by dates on their products , but spent most of her time tackling a rising tide of complaints about higher meat prices , caused by a world shortage , and explaining a 48 per cent increase in food prices in three years .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "When Labours Willie Hamilton complained of being charged 5p for a banana , she told him curtly : “You could certainly do with some help with your shopping . I bought six bananas for 17p recently , and I don’t have time to shop around.” Hamilton was back next week saying he had now been charged 16½p for three bananas .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In the February 1974 election called by Heath over the miners’ strike , Peggy Fenner fought a tight battle with Roger Kenward , Labour , and her majority slumped to 843 . In opposition , she joined Britains contingent in the then-nominated European Parliament . She attended only a handful of sessions before Harold Wilson called another election and Labours Bob Bean ousted her by 2,418 votes .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "She was out of the Commons for Mrs Thatchers overthrow of Heath , and as the Tories regrouped for a return to government . She won back Rochester and Chatham in 1979 , by 2,688 votes .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " John Notts decision to close Chatham dockyard was a blow to Peggy Fenners constituents , many of whom took it out on their MP . And before she could launch a campaign against the closure , Mrs Thatcher , in September 1981 , gave her back her old job at MAFF .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Prices were now less of an issue , so she could address concerns over quality : the conditions in which veal calves and battery hens were kept , the amount of fat in mince and water in sausages , dyes in pet food , tighter curbs on pesticides , pesticide residues on lemons that were polluting gin-and-tonics , and the unsuitability of cling film for microwave cooking . She also presided over the first raising of the Thames Barrier .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " At the 1983 election the Rochester and Chatham seat was abolished and Fenner was elected MP for the new constituency of Medway . She continued to hold the seat for the next fourteen years , being re-elected at the 1987 and 1992 general elections , until she lost it at the 1997 election to Labours Bob Marshall-Andrews . On the death of Baroness Jeger in 2007 , Fenner became the oldest living woman to have served as an MP in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Mrs Thatcher dropped her in September 1986 in a cull of junior ministers , compensating her with a DBE . Dame Peggy became a leading campaigner against the high speed link across Kent to the Channel Tunnel . For a decade from 1987 she returned to Strasbourg as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " The 1997 election brought boundary changes and a heavy national swing to Labour . Dame Peggy , her 75th birthday approaching , went down by 5,354 votes to the colourful barrister Bob Marshall-Andrews .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Born on 12 November 1922 in Lewisham , London , as Peggy Edith Bennett , she was cared for in infancy by her grandparents . Her parents divorced when she was three and she never saw her father again . Educated at a London County Council elementary school in Brockley , Kent she went on to attend Ide Hill School in Sevenoaks but left aged 14 going into service . In 1940 aged 18 she married architect Bernard Fenner and went into wartime factory work . The couple had one daughter .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her husband Bernard Fenner and their daughter predeceased her . She died on 15 September 2014 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Times Guide to the House of Commons , Times Newspapers Limited , 1979 and 1997 editions .",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Peggy_Fenner#P39#3
|
Which position did Peggy Fenner hold between Oct 1987 and Oct 1987?
|
Peggy Fenner Dame Peggy Edith Fenner , DBE ( 12 November 1922 – 15 September 2014 ) was a British Conservative Party politician . Political career . Joining the Conservative Party in 1952 , she was elected to Sevenoaks council five years later , chairing it in 1962 and 1963 ; she also served on the West Kent education executive . She made a strong impression among Kentish Tories , and in 1964 was shortlisted ahead of 104 applicants , almost all men , to succeed Harold Macmillan at Bromley . She missed out in the final selection , then again at Brighton Kemp Town where the party was seeking — and would fail — to overturn a Labour majority of seven . Instead she was adopted for the unwinnable Newcastle-under-Lyme . After unsuccessfully fighting Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1966 , Fenner was elected MP for Rochester and Chatham at the 1970 general election . Rochester and Chatham Conservatives selected her to take on the Left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr , and in 1970 she bettered the national swing to capture the seat by 5,341 votes . Both candidates bemoaned the fact that the other could not have found a man to defeat somewhere else , and when Peggy Fenner arrived in the Commons it was womens issues that she took up . Her first success was to force the Royal Navy to scuttle a “dial a sailor” scheme for the public to befriend sailors docking away from their home port , after Navy wives complained . She joined other Tory women in trying to amend the recently liberalised divorce laws which ended the right of the “innocent party” to veto divorce after five years . Her work on the Expenditure Select Committee impressed , and in November 1972 Heath appointed her Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Agriculture with responsibility for prices , which were becoming an issue as inflation set in . Peggy Fenner served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with responsibility for food , from November 1972 to February 1974 under Edward Heath , and again from September 1981 to September 1986 under Margaret Thatcher . Upon leaving the government in 1986 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire . At MAFF she took through the legislation obliging food producers to put sell-by dates on their products , but spent most of her time tackling a rising tide of complaints about higher meat prices , caused by a world shortage , and explaining a 48 per cent increase in food prices in three years . When Labours Willie Hamilton complained of being charged 5p for a banana , she told him curtly : “You could certainly do with some help with your shopping . I bought six bananas for 17p recently , and I don’t have time to shop around.” Hamilton was back next week saying he had now been charged 16½p for three bananas . In the February 1974 election called by Heath over the miners’ strike , Peggy Fenner fought a tight battle with Roger Kenward , Labour , and her majority slumped to 843 . In opposition , she joined Britains contingent in the then-nominated European Parliament . She attended only a handful of sessions before Harold Wilson called another election and Labours Bob Bean ousted her by 2,418 votes . She was out of the Commons for Mrs Thatchers overthrow of Heath , and as the Tories regrouped for a return to government . She won back Rochester and Chatham in 1979 , by 2,688 votes . John Notts decision to close Chatham dockyard was a blow to Peggy Fenners constituents , many of whom took it out on their MP . And before she could launch a campaign against the closure , Mrs Thatcher , in September 1981 , gave her back her old job at MAFF . Prices were now less of an issue , so she could address concerns over quality : the conditions in which veal calves and battery hens were kept , the amount of fat in mince and water in sausages , dyes in pet food , tighter curbs on pesticides , pesticide residues on lemons that were polluting gin-and-tonics , and the unsuitability of cling film for microwave cooking . She also presided over the first raising of the Thames Barrier . At the 1983 election the Rochester and Chatham seat was abolished and Fenner was elected MP for the new constituency of Medway . She continued to hold the seat for the next fourteen years , being re-elected at the 1987 and 1992 general elections , until she lost it at the 1997 election to Labours Bob Marshall-Andrews . On the death of Baroness Jeger in 2007 , Fenner became the oldest living woman to have served as an MP in the United Kingdom . Mrs Thatcher dropped her in September 1986 in a cull of junior ministers , compensating her with a DBE . Dame Peggy became a leading campaigner against the high speed link across Kent to the Channel Tunnel . For a decade from 1987 she returned to Strasbourg as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union . The 1997 election brought boundary changes and a heavy national swing to Labour . Dame Peggy , her 75th birthday approaching , went down by 5,354 votes to the colourful barrister Bob Marshall-Andrews . Personal life . Born on 12 November 1922 in Lewisham , London , as Peggy Edith Bennett , she was cared for in infancy by her grandparents . Her parents divorced when she was three and she never saw her father again . Educated at a London County Council elementary school in Brockley , Kent she went on to attend Ide Hill School in Sevenoaks but left aged 14 going into service . In 1940 aged 18 she married architect Bernard Fenner and went into wartime factory work . The couple had one daughter . Her husband Bernard Fenner and their daughter predeceased her . She died on 15 September 2014 . References . - Times Guide to the House of Commons , Times Newspapers Limited , 1979 and 1997 editions .
|
[
"MP for Rochester"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dame Peggy Edith Fenner , DBE ( 12 November 1922 – 15 September 2014 ) was a British Conservative Party politician .",
"title": "Peggy Fenner"
},
{
"text": " Joining the Conservative Party in 1952 , she was elected to Sevenoaks council five years later , chairing it in 1962 and 1963 ; she also served on the West Kent education executive . She made a strong impression among Kentish Tories , and in 1964 was shortlisted ahead of 104 applicants , almost all men , to succeed Harold Macmillan at Bromley .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "She missed out in the final selection , then again at Brighton Kemp Town where the party was seeking — and would fail — to overturn a Labour majority of seven . Instead she was adopted for the unwinnable Newcastle-under-Lyme .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " After unsuccessfully fighting Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1966 , Fenner was elected MP for Rochester and Chatham at the 1970 general election . Rochester and Chatham Conservatives selected her to take on the Left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr , and in 1970 she bettered the national swing to capture the seat by 5,341 votes . Both candidates bemoaned the fact that the other could not have found a man to defeat somewhere else , and when Peggy Fenner arrived in the Commons it was womens issues that she took up .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Her first success was to force the Royal Navy to scuttle a “dial a sailor” scheme for the public to befriend sailors docking away from their home port , after Navy wives complained . She joined other Tory women in trying to amend the recently liberalised divorce laws which ended the right of the “innocent party” to veto divorce after five years . Her work on the Expenditure Select Committee impressed , and in November 1972 Heath appointed her Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Agriculture with responsibility for prices , which were becoming an issue as inflation set in . Peggy Fenner",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with responsibility for food , from November 1972 to February 1974 under Edward Heath , and again from September 1981 to September 1986 under Margaret Thatcher . Upon leaving the government in 1986 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " At MAFF she took through the legislation obliging food producers to put sell-by dates on their products , but spent most of her time tackling a rising tide of complaints about higher meat prices , caused by a world shortage , and explaining a 48 per cent increase in food prices in three years .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "When Labours Willie Hamilton complained of being charged 5p for a banana , she told him curtly : “You could certainly do with some help with your shopping . I bought six bananas for 17p recently , and I don’t have time to shop around.” Hamilton was back next week saying he had now been charged 16½p for three bananas .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In the February 1974 election called by Heath over the miners’ strike , Peggy Fenner fought a tight battle with Roger Kenward , Labour , and her majority slumped to 843 . In opposition , she joined Britains contingent in the then-nominated European Parliament . She attended only a handful of sessions before Harold Wilson called another election and Labours Bob Bean ousted her by 2,418 votes .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "She was out of the Commons for Mrs Thatchers overthrow of Heath , and as the Tories regrouped for a return to government . She won back Rochester and Chatham in 1979 , by 2,688 votes .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " John Notts decision to close Chatham dockyard was a blow to Peggy Fenners constituents , many of whom took it out on their MP . And before she could launch a campaign against the closure , Mrs Thatcher , in September 1981 , gave her back her old job at MAFF .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Prices were now less of an issue , so she could address concerns over quality : the conditions in which veal calves and battery hens were kept , the amount of fat in mince and water in sausages , dyes in pet food , tighter curbs on pesticides , pesticide residues on lemons that were polluting gin-and-tonics , and the unsuitability of cling film for microwave cooking . She also presided over the first raising of the Thames Barrier .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " At the 1983 election the Rochester and Chatham seat was abolished and Fenner was elected MP for the new constituency of Medway . She continued to hold the seat for the next fourteen years , being re-elected at the 1987 and 1992 general elections , until she lost it at the 1997 election to Labours Bob Marshall-Andrews . On the death of Baroness Jeger in 2007 , Fenner became the oldest living woman to have served as an MP in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Mrs Thatcher dropped her in September 1986 in a cull of junior ministers , compensating her with a DBE . Dame Peggy became a leading campaigner against the high speed link across Kent to the Channel Tunnel . For a decade from 1987 she returned to Strasbourg as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " The 1997 election brought boundary changes and a heavy national swing to Labour . Dame Peggy , her 75th birthday approaching , went down by 5,354 votes to the colourful barrister Bob Marshall-Andrews .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Born on 12 November 1922 in Lewisham , London , as Peggy Edith Bennett , she was cared for in infancy by her grandparents . Her parents divorced when she was three and she never saw her father again . Educated at a London County Council elementary school in Brockley , Kent she went on to attend Ide Hill School in Sevenoaks but left aged 14 going into service . In 1940 aged 18 she married architect Bernard Fenner and went into wartime factory work . The couple had one daughter .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her husband Bernard Fenner and their daughter predeceased her . She died on 15 September 2014 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Times Guide to the House of Commons , Times Newspapers Limited , 1979 and 1997 editions .",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Peggy_Fenner#P39#4
|
Which position did Peggy Fenner hold between Sep 1996 and May 1997?
|
Peggy Fenner Dame Peggy Edith Fenner , DBE ( 12 November 1922 – 15 September 2014 ) was a British Conservative Party politician . Political career . Joining the Conservative Party in 1952 , she was elected to Sevenoaks council five years later , chairing it in 1962 and 1963 ; she also served on the West Kent education executive . She made a strong impression among Kentish Tories , and in 1964 was shortlisted ahead of 104 applicants , almost all men , to succeed Harold Macmillan at Bromley . She missed out in the final selection , then again at Brighton Kemp Town where the party was seeking — and would fail — to overturn a Labour majority of seven . Instead she was adopted for the unwinnable Newcastle-under-Lyme . After unsuccessfully fighting Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1966 , Fenner was elected MP for Rochester and Chatham at the 1970 general election . Rochester and Chatham Conservatives selected her to take on the Left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr , and in 1970 she bettered the national swing to capture the seat by 5,341 votes . Both candidates bemoaned the fact that the other could not have found a man to defeat somewhere else , and when Peggy Fenner arrived in the Commons it was womens issues that she took up . Her first success was to force the Royal Navy to scuttle a “dial a sailor” scheme for the public to befriend sailors docking away from their home port , after Navy wives complained . She joined other Tory women in trying to amend the recently liberalised divorce laws which ended the right of the “innocent party” to veto divorce after five years . Her work on the Expenditure Select Committee impressed , and in November 1972 Heath appointed her Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Agriculture with responsibility for prices , which were becoming an issue as inflation set in . Peggy Fenner served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with responsibility for food , from November 1972 to February 1974 under Edward Heath , and again from September 1981 to September 1986 under Margaret Thatcher . Upon leaving the government in 1986 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire . At MAFF she took through the legislation obliging food producers to put sell-by dates on their products , but spent most of her time tackling a rising tide of complaints about higher meat prices , caused by a world shortage , and explaining a 48 per cent increase in food prices in three years . When Labours Willie Hamilton complained of being charged 5p for a banana , she told him curtly : “You could certainly do with some help with your shopping . I bought six bananas for 17p recently , and I don’t have time to shop around.” Hamilton was back next week saying he had now been charged 16½p for three bananas . In the February 1974 election called by Heath over the miners’ strike , Peggy Fenner fought a tight battle with Roger Kenward , Labour , and her majority slumped to 843 . In opposition , she joined Britains contingent in the then-nominated European Parliament . She attended only a handful of sessions before Harold Wilson called another election and Labours Bob Bean ousted her by 2,418 votes . She was out of the Commons for Mrs Thatchers overthrow of Heath , and as the Tories regrouped for a return to government . She won back Rochester and Chatham in 1979 , by 2,688 votes . John Notts decision to close Chatham dockyard was a blow to Peggy Fenners constituents , many of whom took it out on their MP . And before she could launch a campaign against the closure , Mrs Thatcher , in September 1981 , gave her back her old job at MAFF . Prices were now less of an issue , so she could address concerns over quality : the conditions in which veal calves and battery hens were kept , the amount of fat in mince and water in sausages , dyes in pet food , tighter curbs on pesticides , pesticide residues on lemons that were polluting gin-and-tonics , and the unsuitability of cling film for microwave cooking . She also presided over the first raising of the Thames Barrier . At the 1983 election the Rochester and Chatham seat was abolished and Fenner was elected MP for the new constituency of Medway . She continued to hold the seat for the next fourteen years , being re-elected at the 1987 and 1992 general elections , until she lost it at the 1997 election to Labours Bob Marshall-Andrews . On the death of Baroness Jeger in 2007 , Fenner became the oldest living woman to have served as an MP in the United Kingdom . Mrs Thatcher dropped her in September 1986 in a cull of junior ministers , compensating her with a DBE . Dame Peggy became a leading campaigner against the high speed link across Kent to the Channel Tunnel . For a decade from 1987 she returned to Strasbourg as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union . The 1997 election brought boundary changes and a heavy national swing to Labour . Dame Peggy , her 75th birthday approaching , went down by 5,354 votes to the colourful barrister Bob Marshall-Andrews . Personal life . Born on 12 November 1922 in Lewisham , London , as Peggy Edith Bennett , she was cared for in infancy by her grandparents . Her parents divorced when she was three and she never saw her father again . Educated at a London County Council elementary school in Brockley , Kent she went on to attend Ide Hill School in Sevenoaks but left aged 14 going into service . In 1940 aged 18 she married architect Bernard Fenner and went into wartime factory work . The couple had one daughter . Her husband Bernard Fenner and their daughter predeceased her . She died on 15 September 2014 . References . - Times Guide to the House of Commons , Times Newspapers Limited , 1979 and 1997 editions .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Dame Peggy Edith Fenner , DBE ( 12 November 1922 – 15 September 2014 ) was a British Conservative Party politician .",
"title": "Peggy Fenner"
},
{
"text": " Joining the Conservative Party in 1952 , she was elected to Sevenoaks council five years later , chairing it in 1962 and 1963 ; she also served on the West Kent education executive . She made a strong impression among Kentish Tories , and in 1964 was shortlisted ahead of 104 applicants , almost all men , to succeed Harold Macmillan at Bromley .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "She missed out in the final selection , then again at Brighton Kemp Town where the party was seeking — and would fail — to overturn a Labour majority of seven . Instead she was adopted for the unwinnable Newcastle-under-Lyme .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " After unsuccessfully fighting Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1966 , Fenner was elected MP for Rochester and Chatham at the 1970 general election . Rochester and Chatham Conservatives selected her to take on the Left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr , and in 1970 she bettered the national swing to capture the seat by 5,341 votes . Both candidates bemoaned the fact that the other could not have found a man to defeat somewhere else , and when Peggy Fenner arrived in the Commons it was womens issues that she took up .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Her first success was to force the Royal Navy to scuttle a “dial a sailor” scheme for the public to befriend sailors docking away from their home port , after Navy wives complained . She joined other Tory women in trying to amend the recently liberalised divorce laws which ended the right of the “innocent party” to veto divorce after five years . Her work on the Expenditure Select Committee impressed , and in November 1972 Heath appointed her Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Agriculture with responsibility for prices , which were becoming an issue as inflation set in . Peggy Fenner",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with responsibility for food , from November 1972 to February 1974 under Edward Heath , and again from September 1981 to September 1986 under Margaret Thatcher . Upon leaving the government in 1986 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " At MAFF she took through the legislation obliging food producers to put sell-by dates on their products , but spent most of her time tackling a rising tide of complaints about higher meat prices , caused by a world shortage , and explaining a 48 per cent increase in food prices in three years .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "When Labours Willie Hamilton complained of being charged 5p for a banana , she told him curtly : “You could certainly do with some help with your shopping . I bought six bananas for 17p recently , and I don’t have time to shop around.” Hamilton was back next week saying he had now been charged 16½p for three bananas .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In the February 1974 election called by Heath over the miners’ strike , Peggy Fenner fought a tight battle with Roger Kenward , Labour , and her majority slumped to 843 . In opposition , she joined Britains contingent in the then-nominated European Parliament . She attended only a handful of sessions before Harold Wilson called another election and Labours Bob Bean ousted her by 2,418 votes .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "She was out of the Commons for Mrs Thatchers overthrow of Heath , and as the Tories regrouped for a return to government . She won back Rochester and Chatham in 1979 , by 2,688 votes .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " John Notts decision to close Chatham dockyard was a blow to Peggy Fenners constituents , many of whom took it out on their MP . And before she could launch a campaign against the closure , Mrs Thatcher , in September 1981 , gave her back her old job at MAFF .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Prices were now less of an issue , so she could address concerns over quality : the conditions in which veal calves and battery hens were kept , the amount of fat in mince and water in sausages , dyes in pet food , tighter curbs on pesticides , pesticide residues on lemons that were polluting gin-and-tonics , and the unsuitability of cling film for microwave cooking . She also presided over the first raising of the Thames Barrier .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " At the 1983 election the Rochester and Chatham seat was abolished and Fenner was elected MP for the new constituency of Medway . She continued to hold the seat for the next fourteen years , being re-elected at the 1987 and 1992 general elections , until she lost it at the 1997 election to Labours Bob Marshall-Andrews . On the death of Baroness Jeger in 2007 , Fenner became the oldest living woman to have served as an MP in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Mrs Thatcher dropped her in September 1986 in a cull of junior ministers , compensating her with a DBE . Dame Peggy became a leading campaigner against the high speed link across Kent to the Channel Tunnel . For a decade from 1987 she returned to Strasbourg as a delegate to the Council of Europe and Western European Union .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " The 1997 election brought boundary changes and a heavy national swing to Labour . Dame Peggy , her 75th birthday approaching , went down by 5,354 votes to the colourful barrister Bob Marshall-Andrews .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Born on 12 November 1922 in Lewisham , London , as Peggy Edith Bennett , she was cared for in infancy by her grandparents . Her parents divorced when she was three and she never saw her father again . Educated at a London County Council elementary school in Brockley , Kent she went on to attend Ide Hill School in Sevenoaks but left aged 14 going into service . In 1940 aged 18 she married architect Bernard Fenner and went into wartime factory work . The couple had one daughter .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Her husband Bernard Fenner and their daughter predeceased her . She died on 15 September 2014 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Times Guide to the House of Commons , Times Newspapers Limited , 1979 and 1997 editions .",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Hawker_800#P176#0
|
What manufactured Hawker 800 between Dec 1992 and Dec 1992?
|
Hawker 800 The Hawker 800 is a mid-size twinjet corporate aircraft . It is a development of the British Aerospace BAe 125 , and was assembled by Hawker Beechcraft . Development . In April 1981 , the British Aerospace board sanctioned the programme to improve the British Aerospace 125-700 series . By May 1983 the new aircraft was ready for its first test flight . The BAe 125-800 series has a number of modifications and changes over the 700 , the most noticeable being the redesigned cockpit windscreen . Accompanying this are a modified rear fuselage fairing , as well as a glass cockpit and uprated ( from 3,700 to 4,300 lb thrust ) Garrett TFE731-5R-1H engines . British Aerospace also improved the wing by incorporating new outer wing sections . This helped to reduce drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency . The 125-800 series would become a sales success . From the first BAe 125 flight in August 1961 it took nineteen years until the 500th airframe was sold . In a little over five years , British Aerospace were registering the 200th sale of the 800 series . In 1994 Raytheon ( which bought Beech Aircraft Corporation in 1980 ) acquired Corporate Jets . The new entity being known as Raytheon Aircraft . In March 2007 , Raytheon divested its aircraft manufacturing business to Hawker Beechcraft Corp. , a company formed and controlled by GS Capital Partners and Onex Partners of Canada . The last version was the Hawker 850XP , which was certified for operation in March 2006 . The 850XP is identical to the 800XP except that it includes winglets , which have extended its operating range by . This version also incorporates upgraded avionics and a redesigned interior . The Hawker 850XP essentially fills the gap left behind by the Hawker 1000 when production of that aircraft ceased . Two new variants were announced in October 2006 for future deliveries : - The Hawker 750 , in which the ventral fuel tank is replaced by an externally accessed baggage pannier , which reduces range slightly . - The Hawker 900XP , using new Honeywell TFE731-50BR engines for increased range After the 2013 bankruptcy of Hawker Beechcraft , the surviving company , Beechcraft , discontinued its business jet range , including the 800 series , although the designs are still supported for parts . By 2018 , a 1980s-era 700s was priced for less than $500,000 , a 1995 800A at $1.02 million and a 2012 900XP at $6 million . Design . The Hawker 800 is similar to most modern airframes in requiring sub-assemblies to be constructed away from the final point of manufacture . The fuselage sections , wings and control surfaces are manufactured and assembled in the United Kingdom in a combination of Hawker Beechcrafts own facility and those owned by Airbus UK , which inherited much of BAE Systemss civil aircraft manufacturing capacity . These sections are partially fitted out and installed with control surfacing and major systems before being shipped to Hawker Beechcrafts main manufacturing site in Wichita , Kansas for final assembly , fitting out and testing . Military variants . Japan uses a maritime search and rescue variant of the Hawker 800 . It is designated the U-125A in Japan Air Self-Defense Force service . This variant has large observation windows , a flare and marker-buoy dispenser system , life-raft and emergency equipment dropping system and enhanced salt water corrosion prevention . The aircraft also has a Toshiba 360-degree search radar , Melco thermal imaging equipment and other military communications equipment for its mission . A military version of the Hawker 800XP is in use by South Korea for tactical aerial reconnaissance , surveillance and SIGINT ( SIGnals INTelligence ) tasks , and 8 specially equipped aircraft were delivered in 2000 . The Republic of Korea Air Force calls them RC-800s , and they are based at Seoul Air Base . Variants . - Hawker 750 With 48 built , this lower-cost , lighter-weight and shorter-range version of the 800XP competes with the Citation XLS and Learjet 60 . In November 2017 , used prices range from $2.2 million for early 2008 models to 3.8 million for late 2011 models . Its larger cabin is typically configured with eight seats in double club or a four chair club followed by a three-place divan facing a single seat , and is pressurized by to provides a cabin altitude at FL 410 . Its ventral fuel tank is replaced with a external baggage compartment , leaving of fuel in the wet wings . The cockpit has four-screen Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 avionics and FMS-6000 . It takes off in at MTOW/Sea level . With a 20° quarter chord wing sweep , its maximum speed is Mach 0.80 , it cruises at Mach 0.74 to 0.78 and long-range cruise is Mach 0.70 at per hour midweight . First hour fuel burn is , second hour is for subsequent hours . B-checks are every 800 h , C-checks every 1,600 h and D-checks every 3,200 h and there are yearly maintenance checks . The landing gear is overhauled every 12 years . Its Honeywell TFE731-5BR have 2,100 h and 4,200 h inspection intervals , extendable to 2,500 h / 5,000 h with optional service bulletins , and MSP per engine . - Hawker 800 - Hawker 800XP Able to fly nine passengers over 2,400 nmi , 475 Hawker 800XP have been sold for $10–13.5 million between 1995 and 2005 . By July 2018 , 467 were still in service , valued $1.4–2.4 million . - Hawker 800XP Pro Line - Hawker 800XPi - Hawker 850XP - Hawker 900XP - U-125 - RC-800 - C-29 Operators . Civil operators . The aircraft is operated by private individuals , companies and executive charter operators , and in fractional ownership programs . Military operators . - Japan Air Self-Defense Force - Mozambique Air Force - Nigerian Air Force - Pakistan Navy - Republic of Korea Air Force Accidents and incidents . - 31 July 2008 : A Hawker 800 registered as N818MV and operated by East Coast Jets , crashed while attempting a go-around at Owatonna Degner Regional Airport near Owatonna , Minnesota , killing all eight passengers and crew on board . The aircraft was manufactured in 1991 , and East Coast Jets began operating it in June 2003 . The NTSB determined the probable cause of the accident was the captain’s decision to attempt a go-around late in the landing roll with insufficient runway remaining . Contributing to the accident were ( 1 ) the pilots’ poor crew coordination and lack of cockpit discipline ; ( 2 ) fatigue , which likely impaired both pilots’ performance ; and ( 3 ) the failure of the FAA to require crew resource management training and standard operating procedures for Part 135 operators . - 10 November 2015 : A Hawker 800 crashed into an apartment complex in Akron , Ohio shortly before 15:00 EST in rainy weather while on approach to Akron Fulton International Airport . Witnesses reported hearing a loud explosion , and seeing smoke/flames as the crash occurred . All nine occupants of the aircraft , including both pilots , were killed . The National Transportation Safety Board reported the crash was caused by pilot error , operational issues within the charter company , and deficiencies in the FAAs oversight ( operations inspections ) of the charter operator . References . - Notes - Bibliography - Gunston , Bill . Hawker : The story of the 125 . ( Airworthy Publications International Limited , 1996 , ) External links . - Hawker Official product page - Farnborough 2012 Day 3 News Aviation Week pp52–53 tells the history of the 125/800 - Hawker 800XP Jet specifications and performance data
|
[
"British Aerospace"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Hawker 800 is a mid-size twinjet corporate aircraft . It is a development of the British Aerospace BAe 125 , and was assembled by Hawker Beechcraft .",
"title": "Hawker 800"
},
{
"text": " In April 1981 , the British Aerospace board sanctioned the programme to improve the British Aerospace 125-700 series . By May 1983 the new aircraft was ready for its first test flight .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "The BAe 125-800 series has a number of modifications and changes over the 700 , the most noticeable being the redesigned cockpit windscreen . Accompanying this are a modified rear fuselage fairing , as well as a glass cockpit and uprated ( from 3,700 to 4,300 lb thrust ) Garrett TFE731-5R-1H engines . British Aerospace also improved the wing by incorporating new outer wing sections . This helped to reduce drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": " The 125-800 series would become a sales success . From the first BAe 125 flight in August 1961 it took nineteen years until the 500th airframe was sold . In a little over five years , British Aerospace were registering the 200th sale of the 800 series .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 Raytheon ( which bought Beech Aircraft Corporation in 1980 ) acquired Corporate Jets . The new entity being known as Raytheon Aircraft . In March 2007 , Raytheon divested its aircraft manufacturing business to Hawker Beechcraft Corp. , a company formed and controlled by GS Capital Partners and Onex Partners of Canada .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": " The last version was the Hawker 850XP , which was certified for operation in March 2006 . The 850XP is identical to the 800XP except that it includes winglets , which have extended its operating range by . This version also incorporates upgraded avionics and a redesigned interior . The Hawker 850XP essentially fills the gap left behind by the Hawker 1000 when production of that aircraft ceased . Two new variants were announced in October 2006 for future deliveries :",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "- The Hawker 750 , in which the ventral fuel tank is replaced by an externally accessed baggage pannier , which reduces range slightly .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": " - The Hawker 900XP , using new Honeywell TFE731-50BR engines for increased range After the 2013 bankruptcy of Hawker Beechcraft , the surviving company , Beechcraft , discontinued its business jet range , including the 800 series , although the designs are still supported for parts . By 2018 , a 1980s-era 700s was priced for less than $500,000 , a 1995 800A at $1.02 million and a 2012 900XP at $6 million .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "The Hawker 800 is similar to most modern airframes in requiring sub-assemblies to be constructed away from the final point of manufacture . The fuselage sections , wings and control surfaces are manufactured and assembled in the United Kingdom in a combination of Hawker Beechcrafts own facility and those owned by Airbus UK , which inherited much of BAE Systemss civil aircraft manufacturing capacity . These sections are partially fitted out and installed with control surfacing and major systems before being shipped to Hawker Beechcrafts main manufacturing site in Wichita , Kansas for final assembly , fitting out and testing",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": " Japan uses a maritime search and rescue variant of the Hawker 800 . It is designated the U-125A in Japan Air Self-Defense Force service . This variant has large observation windows , a flare and marker-buoy dispenser system , life-raft and emergency equipment dropping system and enhanced salt water corrosion prevention . The aircraft also has a Toshiba 360-degree search radar , Melco thermal imaging equipment and other military communications equipment for its mission .",
"title": "Military variants"
},
{
"text": "A military version of the Hawker 800XP is in use by South Korea for tactical aerial reconnaissance , surveillance and SIGINT ( SIGnals INTelligence ) tasks , and 8 specially equipped aircraft were delivered in 2000 . The Republic of Korea Air Force calls them RC-800s , and they are based at Seoul Air Base .",
"title": "Military variants"
},
{
"text": " - Hawker 750 With 48 built , this lower-cost , lighter-weight and shorter-range version of the 800XP competes with the Citation XLS and Learjet 60 . In November 2017 , used prices range from $2.2 million for early 2008 models to 3.8 million for late 2011 models . Its larger cabin is typically configured with eight seats in double club or a four chair club followed by a three-place divan facing a single seat , and is pressurized by to provides a cabin altitude at FL 410 .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": "Its ventral fuel tank is replaced with a external baggage compartment , leaving of fuel in the wet wings .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": " The cockpit has four-screen Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 avionics and FMS-6000 . It takes off in at MTOW/Sea level . With a 20° quarter chord wing sweep , its maximum speed is Mach 0.80 , it cruises at Mach 0.74 to 0.78 and long-range cruise is Mach 0.70 at per hour midweight . First hour fuel burn is , second hour is for subsequent hours . B-checks are every 800 h , C-checks every 1,600 h and D-checks every 3,200 h and there are yearly maintenance checks . The landing gear is overhauled every 12 years .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": "Its Honeywell TFE731-5BR have 2,100 h and 4,200 h inspection intervals , extendable to 2,500 h / 5,000 h with optional service bulletins , and MSP per engine .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": " - Hawker 800 - Hawker 800XP Able to fly nine passengers over 2,400 nmi , 475 Hawker 800XP have been sold for $10–13.5 million between 1995 and 2005 . By July 2018 , 467 were still in service , valued $1.4–2.4 million . - Hawker 800XP Pro Line - Hawker 800XPi - Hawker 850XP - Hawker 900XP - U-125 - RC-800 - C-29",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": " The aircraft is operated by private individuals , companies and executive charter operators , and in fractional ownership programs .",
"title": "Civil operators"
},
{
"text": " - Japan Air Self-Defense Force - Mozambique Air Force - Nigerian Air Force - Pakistan Navy - Republic of Korea Air Force",
"title": "Military operators"
},
{
"text": "- 31 July 2008 : A Hawker 800 registered as N818MV and operated by East Coast Jets , crashed while attempting a go-around at Owatonna Degner Regional Airport near Owatonna , Minnesota , killing all eight passengers and crew on board . The aircraft was manufactured in 1991 , and East Coast Jets began operating it in June 2003 . The NTSB determined the probable cause of the accident was the captain’s decision to attempt a go-around late in the landing roll with insufficient runway remaining . Contributing to the accident were ( 1 ) the pilots’ poor crew coordination",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": "and lack of cockpit discipline ; ( 2 ) fatigue , which likely impaired both pilots’ performance ; and ( 3 ) the failure of the FAA to require crew resource management training and standard operating procedures for Part 135 operators .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " - 10 November 2015 : A Hawker 800 crashed into an apartment complex in Akron , Ohio shortly before 15:00 EST in rainy weather while on approach to Akron Fulton International Airport . Witnesses reported hearing a loud explosion , and seeing smoke/flames as the crash occurred . All nine occupants of the aircraft , including both pilots , were killed . The National Transportation Safety Board reported the crash was caused by pilot error , operational issues within the charter company , and deficiencies in the FAAs oversight ( operations inspections ) of the charter operator .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " - Notes - Bibliography - Gunston , Bill . Hawker : The story of the 125 . ( Airworthy Publications International Limited , 1996 , )",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Hawker Official product page - Farnborough 2012 Day 3 News Aviation Week pp52–53 tells the history of the 125/800 - Hawker 800XP Jet specifications and performance data",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Hawker_800#P176#1
|
What manufactured Hawker 800 in Nov 2003?
|
Hawker 800 The Hawker 800 is a mid-size twinjet corporate aircraft . It is a development of the British Aerospace BAe 125 , and was assembled by Hawker Beechcraft . Development . In April 1981 , the British Aerospace board sanctioned the programme to improve the British Aerospace 125-700 series . By May 1983 the new aircraft was ready for its first test flight . The BAe 125-800 series has a number of modifications and changes over the 700 , the most noticeable being the redesigned cockpit windscreen . Accompanying this are a modified rear fuselage fairing , as well as a glass cockpit and uprated ( from 3,700 to 4,300 lb thrust ) Garrett TFE731-5R-1H engines . British Aerospace also improved the wing by incorporating new outer wing sections . This helped to reduce drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency . The 125-800 series would become a sales success . From the first BAe 125 flight in August 1961 it took nineteen years until the 500th airframe was sold . In a little over five years , British Aerospace were registering the 200th sale of the 800 series . In 1994 Raytheon ( which bought Beech Aircraft Corporation in 1980 ) acquired Corporate Jets . The new entity being known as Raytheon Aircraft . In March 2007 , Raytheon divested its aircraft manufacturing business to Hawker Beechcraft Corp. , a company formed and controlled by GS Capital Partners and Onex Partners of Canada . The last version was the Hawker 850XP , which was certified for operation in March 2006 . The 850XP is identical to the 800XP except that it includes winglets , which have extended its operating range by . This version also incorporates upgraded avionics and a redesigned interior . The Hawker 850XP essentially fills the gap left behind by the Hawker 1000 when production of that aircraft ceased . Two new variants were announced in October 2006 for future deliveries : - The Hawker 750 , in which the ventral fuel tank is replaced by an externally accessed baggage pannier , which reduces range slightly . - The Hawker 900XP , using new Honeywell TFE731-50BR engines for increased range After the 2013 bankruptcy of Hawker Beechcraft , the surviving company , Beechcraft , discontinued its business jet range , including the 800 series , although the designs are still supported for parts . By 2018 , a 1980s-era 700s was priced for less than $500,000 , a 1995 800A at $1.02 million and a 2012 900XP at $6 million . Design . The Hawker 800 is similar to most modern airframes in requiring sub-assemblies to be constructed away from the final point of manufacture . The fuselage sections , wings and control surfaces are manufactured and assembled in the United Kingdom in a combination of Hawker Beechcrafts own facility and those owned by Airbus UK , which inherited much of BAE Systemss civil aircraft manufacturing capacity . These sections are partially fitted out and installed with control surfacing and major systems before being shipped to Hawker Beechcrafts main manufacturing site in Wichita , Kansas for final assembly , fitting out and testing . Military variants . Japan uses a maritime search and rescue variant of the Hawker 800 . It is designated the U-125A in Japan Air Self-Defense Force service . This variant has large observation windows , a flare and marker-buoy dispenser system , life-raft and emergency equipment dropping system and enhanced salt water corrosion prevention . The aircraft also has a Toshiba 360-degree search radar , Melco thermal imaging equipment and other military communications equipment for its mission . A military version of the Hawker 800XP is in use by South Korea for tactical aerial reconnaissance , surveillance and SIGINT ( SIGnals INTelligence ) tasks , and 8 specially equipped aircraft were delivered in 2000 . The Republic of Korea Air Force calls them RC-800s , and they are based at Seoul Air Base . Variants . - Hawker 750 With 48 built , this lower-cost , lighter-weight and shorter-range version of the 800XP competes with the Citation XLS and Learjet 60 . In November 2017 , used prices range from $2.2 million for early 2008 models to 3.8 million for late 2011 models . Its larger cabin is typically configured with eight seats in double club or a four chair club followed by a three-place divan facing a single seat , and is pressurized by to provides a cabin altitude at FL 410 . Its ventral fuel tank is replaced with a external baggage compartment , leaving of fuel in the wet wings . The cockpit has four-screen Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 avionics and FMS-6000 . It takes off in at MTOW/Sea level . With a 20° quarter chord wing sweep , its maximum speed is Mach 0.80 , it cruises at Mach 0.74 to 0.78 and long-range cruise is Mach 0.70 at per hour midweight . First hour fuel burn is , second hour is for subsequent hours . B-checks are every 800 h , C-checks every 1,600 h and D-checks every 3,200 h and there are yearly maintenance checks . The landing gear is overhauled every 12 years . Its Honeywell TFE731-5BR have 2,100 h and 4,200 h inspection intervals , extendable to 2,500 h / 5,000 h with optional service bulletins , and MSP per engine . - Hawker 800 - Hawker 800XP Able to fly nine passengers over 2,400 nmi , 475 Hawker 800XP have been sold for $10–13.5 million between 1995 and 2005 . By July 2018 , 467 were still in service , valued $1.4–2.4 million . - Hawker 800XP Pro Line - Hawker 800XPi - Hawker 850XP - Hawker 900XP - U-125 - RC-800 - C-29 Operators . Civil operators . The aircraft is operated by private individuals , companies and executive charter operators , and in fractional ownership programs . Military operators . - Japan Air Self-Defense Force - Mozambique Air Force - Nigerian Air Force - Pakistan Navy - Republic of Korea Air Force Accidents and incidents . - 31 July 2008 : A Hawker 800 registered as N818MV and operated by East Coast Jets , crashed while attempting a go-around at Owatonna Degner Regional Airport near Owatonna , Minnesota , killing all eight passengers and crew on board . The aircraft was manufactured in 1991 , and East Coast Jets began operating it in June 2003 . The NTSB determined the probable cause of the accident was the captain’s decision to attempt a go-around late in the landing roll with insufficient runway remaining . Contributing to the accident were ( 1 ) the pilots’ poor crew coordination and lack of cockpit discipline ; ( 2 ) fatigue , which likely impaired both pilots’ performance ; and ( 3 ) the failure of the FAA to require crew resource management training and standard operating procedures for Part 135 operators . - 10 November 2015 : A Hawker 800 crashed into an apartment complex in Akron , Ohio shortly before 15:00 EST in rainy weather while on approach to Akron Fulton International Airport . Witnesses reported hearing a loud explosion , and seeing smoke/flames as the crash occurred . All nine occupants of the aircraft , including both pilots , were killed . The National Transportation Safety Board reported the crash was caused by pilot error , operational issues within the charter company , and deficiencies in the FAAs oversight ( operations inspections ) of the charter operator . References . - Notes - Bibliography - Gunston , Bill . Hawker : The story of the 125 . ( Airworthy Publications International Limited , 1996 , ) External links . - Hawker Official product page - Farnborough 2012 Day 3 News Aviation Week pp52–53 tells the history of the 125/800 - Hawker 800XP Jet specifications and performance data
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " The Hawker 800 is a mid-size twinjet corporate aircraft . It is a development of the British Aerospace BAe 125 , and was assembled by Hawker Beechcraft .",
"title": "Hawker 800"
},
{
"text": " In April 1981 , the British Aerospace board sanctioned the programme to improve the British Aerospace 125-700 series . By May 1983 the new aircraft was ready for its first test flight .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "The BAe 125-800 series has a number of modifications and changes over the 700 , the most noticeable being the redesigned cockpit windscreen . Accompanying this are a modified rear fuselage fairing , as well as a glass cockpit and uprated ( from 3,700 to 4,300 lb thrust ) Garrett TFE731-5R-1H engines . British Aerospace also improved the wing by incorporating new outer wing sections . This helped to reduce drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": " The 125-800 series would become a sales success . From the first BAe 125 flight in August 1961 it took nineteen years until the 500th airframe was sold . In a little over five years , British Aerospace were registering the 200th sale of the 800 series .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 Raytheon ( which bought Beech Aircraft Corporation in 1980 ) acquired Corporate Jets . The new entity being known as Raytheon Aircraft . In March 2007 , Raytheon divested its aircraft manufacturing business to Hawker Beechcraft Corp. , a company formed and controlled by GS Capital Partners and Onex Partners of Canada .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": " The last version was the Hawker 850XP , which was certified for operation in March 2006 . The 850XP is identical to the 800XP except that it includes winglets , which have extended its operating range by . This version also incorporates upgraded avionics and a redesigned interior . The Hawker 850XP essentially fills the gap left behind by the Hawker 1000 when production of that aircraft ceased . Two new variants were announced in October 2006 for future deliveries :",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "- The Hawker 750 , in which the ventral fuel tank is replaced by an externally accessed baggage pannier , which reduces range slightly .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": " - The Hawker 900XP , using new Honeywell TFE731-50BR engines for increased range After the 2013 bankruptcy of Hawker Beechcraft , the surviving company , Beechcraft , discontinued its business jet range , including the 800 series , although the designs are still supported for parts . By 2018 , a 1980s-era 700s was priced for less than $500,000 , a 1995 800A at $1.02 million and a 2012 900XP at $6 million .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "The Hawker 800 is similar to most modern airframes in requiring sub-assemblies to be constructed away from the final point of manufacture . The fuselage sections , wings and control surfaces are manufactured and assembled in the United Kingdom in a combination of Hawker Beechcrafts own facility and those owned by Airbus UK , which inherited much of BAE Systemss civil aircraft manufacturing capacity . These sections are partially fitted out and installed with control surfacing and major systems before being shipped to Hawker Beechcrafts main manufacturing site in Wichita , Kansas for final assembly , fitting out and testing",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": " Japan uses a maritime search and rescue variant of the Hawker 800 . It is designated the U-125A in Japan Air Self-Defense Force service . This variant has large observation windows , a flare and marker-buoy dispenser system , life-raft and emergency equipment dropping system and enhanced salt water corrosion prevention . The aircraft also has a Toshiba 360-degree search radar , Melco thermal imaging equipment and other military communications equipment for its mission .",
"title": "Military variants"
},
{
"text": "A military version of the Hawker 800XP is in use by South Korea for tactical aerial reconnaissance , surveillance and SIGINT ( SIGnals INTelligence ) tasks , and 8 specially equipped aircraft were delivered in 2000 . The Republic of Korea Air Force calls them RC-800s , and they are based at Seoul Air Base .",
"title": "Military variants"
},
{
"text": " - Hawker 750 With 48 built , this lower-cost , lighter-weight and shorter-range version of the 800XP competes with the Citation XLS and Learjet 60 . In November 2017 , used prices range from $2.2 million for early 2008 models to 3.8 million for late 2011 models . Its larger cabin is typically configured with eight seats in double club or a four chair club followed by a three-place divan facing a single seat , and is pressurized by to provides a cabin altitude at FL 410 .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": "Its ventral fuel tank is replaced with a external baggage compartment , leaving of fuel in the wet wings .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": " The cockpit has four-screen Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 avionics and FMS-6000 . It takes off in at MTOW/Sea level . With a 20° quarter chord wing sweep , its maximum speed is Mach 0.80 , it cruises at Mach 0.74 to 0.78 and long-range cruise is Mach 0.70 at per hour midweight . First hour fuel burn is , second hour is for subsequent hours . B-checks are every 800 h , C-checks every 1,600 h and D-checks every 3,200 h and there are yearly maintenance checks . The landing gear is overhauled every 12 years .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": "Its Honeywell TFE731-5BR have 2,100 h and 4,200 h inspection intervals , extendable to 2,500 h / 5,000 h with optional service bulletins , and MSP per engine .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": " - Hawker 800 - Hawker 800XP Able to fly nine passengers over 2,400 nmi , 475 Hawker 800XP have been sold for $10–13.5 million between 1995 and 2005 . By July 2018 , 467 were still in service , valued $1.4–2.4 million . - Hawker 800XP Pro Line - Hawker 800XPi - Hawker 850XP - Hawker 900XP - U-125 - RC-800 - C-29",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": " The aircraft is operated by private individuals , companies and executive charter operators , and in fractional ownership programs .",
"title": "Civil operators"
},
{
"text": " - Japan Air Self-Defense Force - Mozambique Air Force - Nigerian Air Force - Pakistan Navy - Republic of Korea Air Force",
"title": "Military operators"
},
{
"text": "- 31 July 2008 : A Hawker 800 registered as N818MV and operated by East Coast Jets , crashed while attempting a go-around at Owatonna Degner Regional Airport near Owatonna , Minnesota , killing all eight passengers and crew on board . The aircraft was manufactured in 1991 , and East Coast Jets began operating it in June 2003 . The NTSB determined the probable cause of the accident was the captain’s decision to attempt a go-around late in the landing roll with insufficient runway remaining . Contributing to the accident were ( 1 ) the pilots’ poor crew coordination",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": "and lack of cockpit discipline ; ( 2 ) fatigue , which likely impaired both pilots’ performance ; and ( 3 ) the failure of the FAA to require crew resource management training and standard operating procedures for Part 135 operators .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " - 10 November 2015 : A Hawker 800 crashed into an apartment complex in Akron , Ohio shortly before 15:00 EST in rainy weather while on approach to Akron Fulton International Airport . Witnesses reported hearing a loud explosion , and seeing smoke/flames as the crash occurred . All nine occupants of the aircraft , including both pilots , were killed . The National Transportation Safety Board reported the crash was caused by pilot error , operational issues within the charter company , and deficiencies in the FAAs oversight ( operations inspections ) of the charter operator .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " - Notes - Bibliography - Gunston , Bill . Hawker : The story of the 125 . ( Airworthy Publications International Limited , 1996 , )",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Hawker Official product page - Farnborough 2012 Day 3 News Aviation Week pp52–53 tells the history of the 125/800 - Hawker 800XP Jet specifications and performance data",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Hawker_800#P176#2
|
What manufactured Hawker 800 after Apr 2009?
|
Hawker 800 The Hawker 800 is a mid-size twinjet corporate aircraft . It is a development of the British Aerospace BAe 125 , and was assembled by Hawker Beechcraft . Development . In April 1981 , the British Aerospace board sanctioned the programme to improve the British Aerospace 125-700 series . By May 1983 the new aircraft was ready for its first test flight . The BAe 125-800 series has a number of modifications and changes over the 700 , the most noticeable being the redesigned cockpit windscreen . Accompanying this are a modified rear fuselage fairing , as well as a glass cockpit and uprated ( from 3,700 to 4,300 lb thrust ) Garrett TFE731-5R-1H engines . British Aerospace also improved the wing by incorporating new outer wing sections . This helped to reduce drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency . The 125-800 series would become a sales success . From the first BAe 125 flight in August 1961 it took nineteen years until the 500th airframe was sold . In a little over five years , British Aerospace were registering the 200th sale of the 800 series . In 1994 Raytheon ( which bought Beech Aircraft Corporation in 1980 ) acquired Corporate Jets . The new entity being known as Raytheon Aircraft . In March 2007 , Raytheon divested its aircraft manufacturing business to Hawker Beechcraft Corp. , a company formed and controlled by GS Capital Partners and Onex Partners of Canada . The last version was the Hawker 850XP , which was certified for operation in March 2006 . The 850XP is identical to the 800XP except that it includes winglets , which have extended its operating range by . This version also incorporates upgraded avionics and a redesigned interior . The Hawker 850XP essentially fills the gap left behind by the Hawker 1000 when production of that aircraft ceased . Two new variants were announced in October 2006 for future deliveries : - The Hawker 750 , in which the ventral fuel tank is replaced by an externally accessed baggage pannier , which reduces range slightly . - The Hawker 900XP , using new Honeywell TFE731-50BR engines for increased range After the 2013 bankruptcy of Hawker Beechcraft , the surviving company , Beechcraft , discontinued its business jet range , including the 800 series , although the designs are still supported for parts . By 2018 , a 1980s-era 700s was priced for less than $500,000 , a 1995 800A at $1.02 million and a 2012 900XP at $6 million . Design . The Hawker 800 is similar to most modern airframes in requiring sub-assemblies to be constructed away from the final point of manufacture . The fuselage sections , wings and control surfaces are manufactured and assembled in the United Kingdom in a combination of Hawker Beechcrafts own facility and those owned by Airbus UK , which inherited much of BAE Systemss civil aircraft manufacturing capacity . These sections are partially fitted out and installed with control surfacing and major systems before being shipped to Hawker Beechcrafts main manufacturing site in Wichita , Kansas for final assembly , fitting out and testing . Military variants . Japan uses a maritime search and rescue variant of the Hawker 800 . It is designated the U-125A in Japan Air Self-Defense Force service . This variant has large observation windows , a flare and marker-buoy dispenser system , life-raft and emergency equipment dropping system and enhanced salt water corrosion prevention . The aircraft also has a Toshiba 360-degree search radar , Melco thermal imaging equipment and other military communications equipment for its mission . A military version of the Hawker 800XP is in use by South Korea for tactical aerial reconnaissance , surveillance and SIGINT ( SIGnals INTelligence ) tasks , and 8 specially equipped aircraft were delivered in 2000 . The Republic of Korea Air Force calls them RC-800s , and they are based at Seoul Air Base . Variants . - Hawker 750 With 48 built , this lower-cost , lighter-weight and shorter-range version of the 800XP competes with the Citation XLS and Learjet 60 . In November 2017 , used prices range from $2.2 million for early 2008 models to 3.8 million for late 2011 models . Its larger cabin is typically configured with eight seats in double club or a four chair club followed by a three-place divan facing a single seat , and is pressurized by to provides a cabin altitude at FL 410 . Its ventral fuel tank is replaced with a external baggage compartment , leaving of fuel in the wet wings . The cockpit has four-screen Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 avionics and FMS-6000 . It takes off in at MTOW/Sea level . With a 20° quarter chord wing sweep , its maximum speed is Mach 0.80 , it cruises at Mach 0.74 to 0.78 and long-range cruise is Mach 0.70 at per hour midweight . First hour fuel burn is , second hour is for subsequent hours . B-checks are every 800 h , C-checks every 1,600 h and D-checks every 3,200 h and there are yearly maintenance checks . The landing gear is overhauled every 12 years . Its Honeywell TFE731-5BR have 2,100 h and 4,200 h inspection intervals , extendable to 2,500 h / 5,000 h with optional service bulletins , and MSP per engine . - Hawker 800 - Hawker 800XP Able to fly nine passengers over 2,400 nmi , 475 Hawker 800XP have been sold for $10–13.5 million between 1995 and 2005 . By July 2018 , 467 were still in service , valued $1.4–2.4 million . - Hawker 800XP Pro Line - Hawker 800XPi - Hawker 850XP - Hawker 900XP - U-125 - RC-800 - C-29 Operators . Civil operators . The aircraft is operated by private individuals , companies and executive charter operators , and in fractional ownership programs . Military operators . - Japan Air Self-Defense Force - Mozambique Air Force - Nigerian Air Force - Pakistan Navy - Republic of Korea Air Force Accidents and incidents . - 31 July 2008 : A Hawker 800 registered as N818MV and operated by East Coast Jets , crashed while attempting a go-around at Owatonna Degner Regional Airport near Owatonna , Minnesota , killing all eight passengers and crew on board . The aircraft was manufactured in 1991 , and East Coast Jets began operating it in June 2003 . The NTSB determined the probable cause of the accident was the captain’s decision to attempt a go-around late in the landing roll with insufficient runway remaining . Contributing to the accident were ( 1 ) the pilots’ poor crew coordination and lack of cockpit discipline ; ( 2 ) fatigue , which likely impaired both pilots’ performance ; and ( 3 ) the failure of the FAA to require crew resource management training and standard operating procedures for Part 135 operators . - 10 November 2015 : A Hawker 800 crashed into an apartment complex in Akron , Ohio shortly before 15:00 EST in rainy weather while on approach to Akron Fulton International Airport . Witnesses reported hearing a loud explosion , and seeing smoke/flames as the crash occurred . All nine occupants of the aircraft , including both pilots , were killed . The National Transportation Safety Board reported the crash was caused by pilot error , operational issues within the charter company , and deficiencies in the FAAs oversight ( operations inspections ) of the charter operator . References . - Notes - Bibliography - Gunston , Bill . Hawker : The story of the 125 . ( Airworthy Publications International Limited , 1996 , ) External links . - Hawker Official product page - Farnborough 2012 Day 3 News Aviation Week pp52–53 tells the history of the 125/800 - Hawker 800XP Jet specifications and performance data
|
[
"Hawker Beechcraft"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Hawker 800 is a mid-size twinjet corporate aircraft . It is a development of the British Aerospace BAe 125 , and was assembled by Hawker Beechcraft .",
"title": "Hawker 800"
},
{
"text": " In April 1981 , the British Aerospace board sanctioned the programme to improve the British Aerospace 125-700 series . By May 1983 the new aircraft was ready for its first test flight .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "The BAe 125-800 series has a number of modifications and changes over the 700 , the most noticeable being the redesigned cockpit windscreen . Accompanying this are a modified rear fuselage fairing , as well as a glass cockpit and uprated ( from 3,700 to 4,300 lb thrust ) Garrett TFE731-5R-1H engines . British Aerospace also improved the wing by incorporating new outer wing sections . This helped to reduce drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": " The 125-800 series would become a sales success . From the first BAe 125 flight in August 1961 it took nineteen years until the 500th airframe was sold . In a little over five years , British Aerospace were registering the 200th sale of the 800 series .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 Raytheon ( which bought Beech Aircraft Corporation in 1980 ) acquired Corporate Jets . The new entity being known as Raytheon Aircraft . In March 2007 , Raytheon divested its aircraft manufacturing business to Hawker Beechcraft Corp. , a company formed and controlled by GS Capital Partners and Onex Partners of Canada .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": " The last version was the Hawker 850XP , which was certified for operation in March 2006 . The 850XP is identical to the 800XP except that it includes winglets , which have extended its operating range by . This version also incorporates upgraded avionics and a redesigned interior . The Hawker 850XP essentially fills the gap left behind by the Hawker 1000 when production of that aircraft ceased . Two new variants were announced in October 2006 for future deliveries :",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "- The Hawker 750 , in which the ventral fuel tank is replaced by an externally accessed baggage pannier , which reduces range slightly .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": " - The Hawker 900XP , using new Honeywell TFE731-50BR engines for increased range After the 2013 bankruptcy of Hawker Beechcraft , the surviving company , Beechcraft , discontinued its business jet range , including the 800 series , although the designs are still supported for parts . By 2018 , a 1980s-era 700s was priced for less than $500,000 , a 1995 800A at $1.02 million and a 2012 900XP at $6 million .",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"text": "The Hawker 800 is similar to most modern airframes in requiring sub-assemblies to be constructed away from the final point of manufacture . The fuselage sections , wings and control surfaces are manufactured and assembled in the United Kingdom in a combination of Hawker Beechcrafts own facility and those owned by Airbus UK , which inherited much of BAE Systemss civil aircraft manufacturing capacity . These sections are partially fitted out and installed with control surfacing and major systems before being shipped to Hawker Beechcrafts main manufacturing site in Wichita , Kansas for final assembly , fitting out and testing",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Design"
},
{
"text": " Japan uses a maritime search and rescue variant of the Hawker 800 . It is designated the U-125A in Japan Air Self-Defense Force service . This variant has large observation windows , a flare and marker-buoy dispenser system , life-raft and emergency equipment dropping system and enhanced salt water corrosion prevention . The aircraft also has a Toshiba 360-degree search radar , Melco thermal imaging equipment and other military communications equipment for its mission .",
"title": "Military variants"
},
{
"text": "A military version of the Hawker 800XP is in use by South Korea for tactical aerial reconnaissance , surveillance and SIGINT ( SIGnals INTelligence ) tasks , and 8 specially equipped aircraft were delivered in 2000 . The Republic of Korea Air Force calls them RC-800s , and they are based at Seoul Air Base .",
"title": "Military variants"
},
{
"text": " - Hawker 750 With 48 built , this lower-cost , lighter-weight and shorter-range version of the 800XP competes with the Citation XLS and Learjet 60 . In November 2017 , used prices range from $2.2 million for early 2008 models to 3.8 million for late 2011 models . Its larger cabin is typically configured with eight seats in double club or a four chair club followed by a three-place divan facing a single seat , and is pressurized by to provides a cabin altitude at FL 410 .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": "Its ventral fuel tank is replaced with a external baggage compartment , leaving of fuel in the wet wings .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": " The cockpit has four-screen Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 avionics and FMS-6000 . It takes off in at MTOW/Sea level . With a 20° quarter chord wing sweep , its maximum speed is Mach 0.80 , it cruises at Mach 0.74 to 0.78 and long-range cruise is Mach 0.70 at per hour midweight . First hour fuel burn is , second hour is for subsequent hours . B-checks are every 800 h , C-checks every 1,600 h and D-checks every 3,200 h and there are yearly maintenance checks . The landing gear is overhauled every 12 years .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": "Its Honeywell TFE731-5BR have 2,100 h and 4,200 h inspection intervals , extendable to 2,500 h / 5,000 h with optional service bulletins , and MSP per engine .",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": " - Hawker 800 - Hawker 800XP Able to fly nine passengers over 2,400 nmi , 475 Hawker 800XP have been sold for $10–13.5 million between 1995 and 2005 . By July 2018 , 467 were still in service , valued $1.4–2.4 million . - Hawker 800XP Pro Line - Hawker 800XPi - Hawker 850XP - Hawker 900XP - U-125 - RC-800 - C-29",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"text": " The aircraft is operated by private individuals , companies and executive charter operators , and in fractional ownership programs .",
"title": "Civil operators"
},
{
"text": " - Japan Air Self-Defense Force - Mozambique Air Force - Nigerian Air Force - Pakistan Navy - Republic of Korea Air Force",
"title": "Military operators"
},
{
"text": "- 31 July 2008 : A Hawker 800 registered as N818MV and operated by East Coast Jets , crashed while attempting a go-around at Owatonna Degner Regional Airport near Owatonna , Minnesota , killing all eight passengers and crew on board . The aircraft was manufactured in 1991 , and East Coast Jets began operating it in June 2003 . The NTSB determined the probable cause of the accident was the captain’s decision to attempt a go-around late in the landing roll with insufficient runway remaining . Contributing to the accident were ( 1 ) the pilots’ poor crew coordination",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": "and lack of cockpit discipline ; ( 2 ) fatigue , which likely impaired both pilots’ performance ; and ( 3 ) the failure of the FAA to require crew resource management training and standard operating procedures for Part 135 operators .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " - 10 November 2015 : A Hawker 800 crashed into an apartment complex in Akron , Ohio shortly before 15:00 EST in rainy weather while on approach to Akron Fulton International Airport . Witnesses reported hearing a loud explosion , and seeing smoke/flames as the crash occurred . All nine occupants of the aircraft , including both pilots , were killed . The National Transportation Safety Board reported the crash was caused by pilot error , operational issues within the charter company , and deficiencies in the FAAs oversight ( operations inspections ) of the charter operator .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " - Notes - Bibliography - Gunston , Bill . Hawker : The story of the 125 . ( Airworthy Publications International Limited , 1996 , )",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Hawker Official product page - Farnborough 2012 Day 3 News Aviation Week pp52–53 tells the history of the 125/800 - Hawker 800XP Jet specifications and performance data",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Lauren_Cornell#P108#0
|
Who did Lauren Cornell work for in late 2000s?
|
Lauren Cornell Lauren Cornell is an American curator and writer based in New York . Cornell is the Director of the Graduate Program at the Center for Curatorial Studies , Bard College , and Chief Curator of the Hessel Museum of Art . Previously , she worked at the New Museum for twelve years and was the Executive Director of their affiliate Rhizome ( 2005-2012 ) . Biography . Cornell was born and raised in New York City . She started her career in the arts as the Executive Director of Ocularis , a now-closed cinema in Brooklyn , New York . She joined the New Museum in 2005 , where she worked on the inaugural Generational show , Younger Than Jesus , and became the Executive Director of Rhizome , an organization that commissions , exhibits , and preserves art engaged with technology . She stepped down from her role at Rhizome in July 2012 to curate the New Museums third Generational Triennial , Surround Audience , in 2015 . Cornell and Ed Halter co-edited the anthology Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the Twenty-First Century ( 2016 ) . She has contributed to publications including Aperture , Art in America , ArtReview , Frieze , and Mousse , and written on artists for monographic catalogues . In 2016 , Artsy named Cornell one of The 20 Most Influential Young Curators in the United States . In 2017 , Cornell was the recipient of ArtTables New Leadership Award . In 2017 , she was named an Apollo 40 under 40 . Seven on Seven conference . In 2010 , Cornell founded Rhizomes Seven on Seven conference , which bridges contemporary art and technology fields by pairing technological innovators with visual artists and challenging them to develop something over the course of a day . Seven on Seven was inspired by Experiments in Art and Technology ( E.A.T. ) , a project launched by Billy Klüver and Robert Rauschenberg in 1967 , which organized collaborations between artists and engineers at Bell Labs . Quotes . “It’s important to consistently interrogate what exact freedoms or limitations structure our information environment.” Good curators don’t just show established artists or reiterate well-trodden art histories but work to expand , complicate and critique these narratives and open the doors of art to lesser-known or new voices . Exhibitions . - Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries Black on White , Gray Ascending , December 2007 – March 2008 ( co-curated with Laura Hoptman ) - New Museum Triennial : Younger Than Jesus , April–July 2009 ( co-curated with Massimiliano Gioni and Laura Hoptman ) - Free , October 2010-January 2011 - Walking Drifting Dragging , January–February 2013 - New Museum Triennial : Surround Audience , February–May 2015 ( co-curated with Ryan Trecartin ) - Song , Strategy , Sign : Beatriz Santiago Munoz ( co-curated with Johanna Burton and Sara O’Keeffe ) - Invisible Adversaries at CCS Bard , June–September 2016 ( co-curated with Tom Eccles ) - Daniel Steegmann Mangrane : A Transparent Leaf Instead of the Mouth at CCS Bard Selected Writings . - The Intensity and Integrity of Ian White , Frieze - Mass Effect , Mousse Magazine - Self-Portraiture in the First-Person Age , Aperture - In the Studio : Dara Birnbaum , Art in America - Techno-animism , Mousse Magazine - Down the Line , Frieze Publications . - Cornell , Lauren , Massimiliano Gioni , and Laura Hoptman , eds . Younger Than Jesus : The Reader ( New York : New Museum / London : Steidl & Partners , 2009 - Cornell , Lauren , ed. , Free . New York : New Museum , 2010 - Cornell , Lauren and Helga Christoffersen , eds . 2015 Triennial : Surround Audience . New York : New Museum / Rizzoli Skira , 2015 - Cornell , Lauren and Ed Halter , eds . Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the 21st Century . New York : New Museum / Cambridge , MA : the MIT Press , 2015 - Cornell , Lauren and Eccles , Tom , eds . Invisible Adversaries . New York : Hessel Museum , 2016
|
[
"Rhizome"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lauren Cornell is an American curator and writer based in New York . Cornell is the Director of the Graduate Program at the Center for Curatorial Studies , Bard College , and Chief Curator of the Hessel Museum of Art . Previously , she worked at the New Museum for twelve years and was the Executive Director of their affiliate Rhizome ( 2005-2012 ) .",
"title": "Lauren Cornell"
},
{
"text": "Cornell was born and raised in New York City . She started her career in the arts as the Executive Director of Ocularis , a now-closed cinema in Brooklyn , New York . She joined the New Museum in 2005 , where she worked on the inaugural Generational show , Younger Than Jesus , and became the Executive Director of Rhizome , an organization that commissions , exhibits , and preserves art engaged with technology . She stepped down from her role at Rhizome in July 2012 to curate the New Museums third Generational Triennial , Surround Audience , in",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "2015 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Cornell and Ed Halter co-edited the anthology Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the Twenty-First Century ( 2016 ) . She has contributed to publications including Aperture , Art in America , ArtReview , Frieze , and Mousse , and written on artists for monographic catalogues . In 2016 , Artsy named Cornell one of The 20 Most Influential Young Curators in the United States . In 2017 , Cornell was the recipient of ArtTables New Leadership Award . In 2017 , she was named an Apollo 40 under 40 . Seven on Seven conference .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Cornell founded Rhizomes Seven on Seven conference , which bridges contemporary art and technology fields by pairing technological innovators with visual artists and challenging them to develop something over the course of a day . Seven on Seven was inspired by Experiments in Art and Technology ( E.A.T. ) , a project launched by Billy Klüver and Robert Rauschenberg in 1967 , which organized collaborations between artists and engineers at Bell Labs .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " “It’s important to consistently interrogate what exact freedoms or limitations structure our information environment.” Good curators don’t just show established artists or reiterate well-trodden art histories but work to expand , complicate and critique these narratives and open the doors of art to lesser-known or new voices .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": " - Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries Black on White , Gray Ascending , December 2007 – March 2008 ( co-curated with Laura Hoptman ) - New Museum Triennial : Younger Than Jesus , April–July 2009 ( co-curated with Massimiliano Gioni and Laura Hoptman ) - Free , October 2010-January 2011 - Walking Drifting Dragging , January–February 2013 - New Museum Triennial : Surround Audience , February–May 2015 ( co-curated with Ryan Trecartin ) - Song , Strategy , Sign : Beatriz Santiago Munoz ( co-curated with Johanna Burton and Sara O’Keeffe )",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": "- Invisible Adversaries at CCS Bard , June–September 2016 ( co-curated with Tom Eccles )",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": " - Daniel Steegmann Mangrane : A Transparent Leaf Instead of the Mouth at CCS Bard",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": " - The Intensity and Integrity of Ian White , Frieze - Mass Effect , Mousse Magazine - Self-Portraiture in the First-Person Age , Aperture - In the Studio : Dara Birnbaum , Art in America - Techno-animism , Mousse Magazine - Down the Line , Frieze",
"title": "Selected Writings"
},
{
"text": " - Cornell , Lauren , Massimiliano Gioni , and Laura Hoptman , eds . Younger Than Jesus : The Reader ( New York : New Museum / London : Steidl & Partners , 2009 - Cornell , Lauren , ed. , Free . New York : New Museum , 2010 - Cornell , Lauren and Helga Christoffersen , eds . 2015 Triennial : Surround Audience . New York : New Museum / Rizzoli Skira , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Cornell , Lauren and Ed Halter , eds . Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the 21st Century . New York : New Museum / Cambridge , MA : the MIT Press , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Cornell , Lauren and Eccles , Tom , eds . Invisible Adversaries . New York : Hessel Museum , 2016",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/Lauren_Cornell#P108#1
|
Who did Lauren Cornell work for between Apr 2012 and Aug 2012?
|
Lauren Cornell Lauren Cornell is an American curator and writer based in New York . Cornell is the Director of the Graduate Program at the Center for Curatorial Studies , Bard College , and Chief Curator of the Hessel Museum of Art . Previously , she worked at the New Museum for twelve years and was the Executive Director of their affiliate Rhizome ( 2005-2012 ) . Biography . Cornell was born and raised in New York City . She started her career in the arts as the Executive Director of Ocularis , a now-closed cinema in Brooklyn , New York . She joined the New Museum in 2005 , where she worked on the inaugural Generational show , Younger Than Jesus , and became the Executive Director of Rhizome , an organization that commissions , exhibits , and preserves art engaged with technology . She stepped down from her role at Rhizome in July 2012 to curate the New Museums third Generational Triennial , Surround Audience , in 2015 . Cornell and Ed Halter co-edited the anthology Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the Twenty-First Century ( 2016 ) . She has contributed to publications including Aperture , Art in America , ArtReview , Frieze , and Mousse , and written on artists for monographic catalogues . In 2016 , Artsy named Cornell one of The 20 Most Influential Young Curators in the United States . In 2017 , Cornell was the recipient of ArtTables New Leadership Award . In 2017 , she was named an Apollo 40 under 40 . Seven on Seven conference . In 2010 , Cornell founded Rhizomes Seven on Seven conference , which bridges contemporary art and technology fields by pairing technological innovators with visual artists and challenging them to develop something over the course of a day . Seven on Seven was inspired by Experiments in Art and Technology ( E.A.T. ) , a project launched by Billy Klüver and Robert Rauschenberg in 1967 , which organized collaborations between artists and engineers at Bell Labs . Quotes . “It’s important to consistently interrogate what exact freedoms or limitations structure our information environment.” Good curators don’t just show established artists or reiterate well-trodden art histories but work to expand , complicate and critique these narratives and open the doors of art to lesser-known or new voices . Exhibitions . - Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries Black on White , Gray Ascending , December 2007 – March 2008 ( co-curated with Laura Hoptman ) - New Museum Triennial : Younger Than Jesus , April–July 2009 ( co-curated with Massimiliano Gioni and Laura Hoptman ) - Free , October 2010-January 2011 - Walking Drifting Dragging , January–February 2013 - New Museum Triennial : Surround Audience , February–May 2015 ( co-curated with Ryan Trecartin ) - Song , Strategy , Sign : Beatriz Santiago Munoz ( co-curated with Johanna Burton and Sara O’Keeffe ) - Invisible Adversaries at CCS Bard , June–September 2016 ( co-curated with Tom Eccles ) - Daniel Steegmann Mangrane : A Transparent Leaf Instead of the Mouth at CCS Bard Selected Writings . - The Intensity and Integrity of Ian White , Frieze - Mass Effect , Mousse Magazine - Self-Portraiture in the First-Person Age , Aperture - In the Studio : Dara Birnbaum , Art in America - Techno-animism , Mousse Magazine - Down the Line , Frieze Publications . - Cornell , Lauren , Massimiliano Gioni , and Laura Hoptman , eds . Younger Than Jesus : The Reader ( New York : New Museum / London : Steidl & Partners , 2009 - Cornell , Lauren , ed. , Free . New York : New Museum , 2010 - Cornell , Lauren and Helga Christoffersen , eds . 2015 Triennial : Surround Audience . New York : New Museum / Rizzoli Skira , 2015 - Cornell , Lauren and Ed Halter , eds . Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the 21st Century . New York : New Museum / Cambridge , MA : the MIT Press , 2015 - Cornell , Lauren and Eccles , Tom , eds . Invisible Adversaries . New York : Hessel Museum , 2016
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Lauren Cornell is an American curator and writer based in New York . Cornell is the Director of the Graduate Program at the Center for Curatorial Studies , Bard College , and Chief Curator of the Hessel Museum of Art . Previously , she worked at the New Museum for twelve years and was the Executive Director of their affiliate Rhizome ( 2005-2012 ) .",
"title": "Lauren Cornell"
},
{
"text": "Cornell was born and raised in New York City . She started her career in the arts as the Executive Director of Ocularis , a now-closed cinema in Brooklyn , New York . She joined the New Museum in 2005 , where she worked on the inaugural Generational show , Younger Than Jesus , and became the Executive Director of Rhizome , an organization that commissions , exhibits , and preserves art engaged with technology . She stepped down from her role at Rhizome in July 2012 to curate the New Museums third Generational Triennial , Surround Audience , in",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "2015 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Cornell and Ed Halter co-edited the anthology Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the Twenty-First Century ( 2016 ) . She has contributed to publications including Aperture , Art in America , ArtReview , Frieze , and Mousse , and written on artists for monographic catalogues . In 2016 , Artsy named Cornell one of The 20 Most Influential Young Curators in the United States . In 2017 , Cornell was the recipient of ArtTables New Leadership Award . In 2017 , she was named an Apollo 40 under 40 . Seven on Seven conference .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Cornell founded Rhizomes Seven on Seven conference , which bridges contemporary art and technology fields by pairing technological innovators with visual artists and challenging them to develop something over the course of a day . Seven on Seven was inspired by Experiments in Art and Technology ( E.A.T. ) , a project launched by Billy Klüver and Robert Rauschenberg in 1967 , which organized collaborations between artists and engineers at Bell Labs .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " “It’s important to consistently interrogate what exact freedoms or limitations structure our information environment.” Good curators don’t just show established artists or reiterate well-trodden art histories but work to expand , complicate and critique these narratives and open the doors of art to lesser-known or new voices .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": " - Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries Black on White , Gray Ascending , December 2007 – March 2008 ( co-curated with Laura Hoptman ) - New Museum Triennial : Younger Than Jesus , April–July 2009 ( co-curated with Massimiliano Gioni and Laura Hoptman ) - Free , October 2010-January 2011 - Walking Drifting Dragging , January–February 2013 - New Museum Triennial : Surround Audience , February–May 2015 ( co-curated with Ryan Trecartin ) - Song , Strategy , Sign : Beatriz Santiago Munoz ( co-curated with Johanna Burton and Sara O’Keeffe )",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": "- Invisible Adversaries at CCS Bard , June–September 2016 ( co-curated with Tom Eccles )",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": " - Daniel Steegmann Mangrane : A Transparent Leaf Instead of the Mouth at CCS Bard",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": " - The Intensity and Integrity of Ian White , Frieze - Mass Effect , Mousse Magazine - Self-Portraiture in the First-Person Age , Aperture - In the Studio : Dara Birnbaum , Art in America - Techno-animism , Mousse Magazine - Down the Line , Frieze",
"title": "Selected Writings"
},
{
"text": " - Cornell , Lauren , Massimiliano Gioni , and Laura Hoptman , eds . Younger Than Jesus : The Reader ( New York : New Museum / London : Steidl & Partners , 2009 - Cornell , Lauren , ed. , Free . New York : New Museum , 2010 - Cornell , Lauren and Helga Christoffersen , eds . 2015 Triennial : Surround Audience . New York : New Museum / Rizzoli Skira , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Cornell , Lauren and Ed Halter , eds . Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the 21st Century . New York : New Museum / Cambridge , MA : the MIT Press , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Cornell , Lauren and Eccles , Tom , eds . Invisible Adversaries . New York : Hessel Museum , 2016",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/Lauren_Cornell#P108#2
|
Who did Lauren Cornell work for between Mar 2016 and Aug 2016?
|
Lauren Cornell Lauren Cornell is an American curator and writer based in New York . Cornell is the Director of the Graduate Program at the Center for Curatorial Studies , Bard College , and Chief Curator of the Hessel Museum of Art . Previously , she worked at the New Museum for twelve years and was the Executive Director of their affiliate Rhizome ( 2005-2012 ) . Biography . Cornell was born and raised in New York City . She started her career in the arts as the Executive Director of Ocularis , a now-closed cinema in Brooklyn , New York . She joined the New Museum in 2005 , where she worked on the inaugural Generational show , Younger Than Jesus , and became the Executive Director of Rhizome , an organization that commissions , exhibits , and preserves art engaged with technology . She stepped down from her role at Rhizome in July 2012 to curate the New Museums third Generational Triennial , Surround Audience , in 2015 . Cornell and Ed Halter co-edited the anthology Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the Twenty-First Century ( 2016 ) . She has contributed to publications including Aperture , Art in America , ArtReview , Frieze , and Mousse , and written on artists for monographic catalogues . In 2016 , Artsy named Cornell one of The 20 Most Influential Young Curators in the United States . In 2017 , Cornell was the recipient of ArtTables New Leadership Award . In 2017 , she was named an Apollo 40 under 40 . Seven on Seven conference . In 2010 , Cornell founded Rhizomes Seven on Seven conference , which bridges contemporary art and technology fields by pairing technological innovators with visual artists and challenging them to develop something over the course of a day . Seven on Seven was inspired by Experiments in Art and Technology ( E.A.T. ) , a project launched by Billy Klüver and Robert Rauschenberg in 1967 , which organized collaborations between artists and engineers at Bell Labs . Quotes . “It’s important to consistently interrogate what exact freedoms or limitations structure our information environment.” Good curators don’t just show established artists or reiterate well-trodden art histories but work to expand , complicate and critique these narratives and open the doors of art to lesser-known or new voices . Exhibitions . - Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries Black on White , Gray Ascending , December 2007 – March 2008 ( co-curated with Laura Hoptman ) - New Museum Triennial : Younger Than Jesus , April–July 2009 ( co-curated with Massimiliano Gioni and Laura Hoptman ) - Free , October 2010-January 2011 - Walking Drifting Dragging , January–February 2013 - New Museum Triennial : Surround Audience , February–May 2015 ( co-curated with Ryan Trecartin ) - Song , Strategy , Sign : Beatriz Santiago Munoz ( co-curated with Johanna Burton and Sara O’Keeffe ) - Invisible Adversaries at CCS Bard , June–September 2016 ( co-curated with Tom Eccles ) - Daniel Steegmann Mangrane : A Transparent Leaf Instead of the Mouth at CCS Bard Selected Writings . - The Intensity and Integrity of Ian White , Frieze - Mass Effect , Mousse Magazine - Self-Portraiture in the First-Person Age , Aperture - In the Studio : Dara Birnbaum , Art in America - Techno-animism , Mousse Magazine - Down the Line , Frieze Publications . - Cornell , Lauren , Massimiliano Gioni , and Laura Hoptman , eds . Younger Than Jesus : The Reader ( New York : New Museum / London : Steidl & Partners , 2009 - Cornell , Lauren , ed. , Free . New York : New Museum , 2010 - Cornell , Lauren and Helga Christoffersen , eds . 2015 Triennial : Surround Audience . New York : New Museum / Rizzoli Skira , 2015 - Cornell , Lauren and Ed Halter , eds . Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the 21st Century . New York : New Museum / Cambridge , MA : the MIT Press , 2015 - Cornell , Lauren and Eccles , Tom , eds . Invisible Adversaries . New York : Hessel Museum , 2016
|
[
"Center for Curatorial Studies , Bard College"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lauren Cornell is an American curator and writer based in New York . Cornell is the Director of the Graduate Program at the Center for Curatorial Studies , Bard College , and Chief Curator of the Hessel Museum of Art . Previously , she worked at the New Museum for twelve years and was the Executive Director of their affiliate Rhizome ( 2005-2012 ) .",
"title": "Lauren Cornell"
},
{
"text": "Cornell was born and raised in New York City . She started her career in the arts as the Executive Director of Ocularis , a now-closed cinema in Brooklyn , New York . She joined the New Museum in 2005 , where she worked on the inaugural Generational show , Younger Than Jesus , and became the Executive Director of Rhizome , an organization that commissions , exhibits , and preserves art engaged with technology . She stepped down from her role at Rhizome in July 2012 to curate the New Museums third Generational Triennial , Surround Audience , in",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "2015 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Cornell and Ed Halter co-edited the anthology Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the Twenty-First Century ( 2016 ) . She has contributed to publications including Aperture , Art in America , ArtReview , Frieze , and Mousse , and written on artists for monographic catalogues . In 2016 , Artsy named Cornell one of The 20 Most Influential Young Curators in the United States . In 2017 , Cornell was the recipient of ArtTables New Leadership Award . In 2017 , she was named an Apollo 40 under 40 . Seven on Seven conference .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Cornell founded Rhizomes Seven on Seven conference , which bridges contemporary art and technology fields by pairing technological innovators with visual artists and challenging them to develop something over the course of a day . Seven on Seven was inspired by Experiments in Art and Technology ( E.A.T. ) , a project launched by Billy Klüver and Robert Rauschenberg in 1967 , which organized collaborations between artists and engineers at Bell Labs .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " “It’s important to consistently interrogate what exact freedoms or limitations structure our information environment.” Good curators don’t just show established artists or reiterate well-trodden art histories but work to expand , complicate and critique these narratives and open the doors of art to lesser-known or new voices .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": " - Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries Black on White , Gray Ascending , December 2007 – March 2008 ( co-curated with Laura Hoptman ) - New Museum Triennial : Younger Than Jesus , April–July 2009 ( co-curated with Massimiliano Gioni and Laura Hoptman ) - Free , October 2010-January 2011 - Walking Drifting Dragging , January–February 2013 - New Museum Triennial : Surround Audience , February–May 2015 ( co-curated with Ryan Trecartin ) - Song , Strategy , Sign : Beatriz Santiago Munoz ( co-curated with Johanna Burton and Sara O’Keeffe )",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": "- Invisible Adversaries at CCS Bard , June–September 2016 ( co-curated with Tom Eccles )",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": " - Daniel Steegmann Mangrane : A Transparent Leaf Instead of the Mouth at CCS Bard",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": " - The Intensity and Integrity of Ian White , Frieze - Mass Effect , Mousse Magazine - Self-Portraiture in the First-Person Age , Aperture - In the Studio : Dara Birnbaum , Art in America - Techno-animism , Mousse Magazine - Down the Line , Frieze",
"title": "Selected Writings"
},
{
"text": " - Cornell , Lauren , Massimiliano Gioni , and Laura Hoptman , eds . Younger Than Jesus : The Reader ( New York : New Museum / London : Steidl & Partners , 2009 - Cornell , Lauren , ed. , Free . New York : New Museum , 2010 - Cornell , Lauren and Helga Christoffersen , eds . 2015 Triennial : Surround Audience . New York : New Museum / Rizzoli Skira , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Cornell , Lauren and Ed Halter , eds . Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the 21st Century . New York : New Museum / Cambridge , MA : the MIT Press , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Cornell , Lauren and Eccles , Tom , eds . Invisible Adversaries . New York : Hessel Museum , 2016",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/Lauren_Cornell#P108#3
|
Who did Lauren Cornell work for after May 2017?
|
Lauren Cornell Lauren Cornell is an American curator and writer based in New York . Cornell is the Director of the Graduate Program at the Center for Curatorial Studies , Bard College , and Chief Curator of the Hessel Museum of Art . Previously , she worked at the New Museum for twelve years and was the Executive Director of their affiliate Rhizome ( 2005-2012 ) . Biography . Cornell was born and raised in New York City . She started her career in the arts as the Executive Director of Ocularis , a now-closed cinema in Brooklyn , New York . She joined the New Museum in 2005 , where she worked on the inaugural Generational show , Younger Than Jesus , and became the Executive Director of Rhizome , an organization that commissions , exhibits , and preserves art engaged with technology . She stepped down from her role at Rhizome in July 2012 to curate the New Museums third Generational Triennial , Surround Audience , in 2015 . Cornell and Ed Halter co-edited the anthology Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the Twenty-First Century ( 2016 ) . She has contributed to publications including Aperture , Art in America , ArtReview , Frieze , and Mousse , and written on artists for monographic catalogues . In 2016 , Artsy named Cornell one of The 20 Most Influential Young Curators in the United States . In 2017 , Cornell was the recipient of ArtTables New Leadership Award . In 2017 , she was named an Apollo 40 under 40 . Seven on Seven conference . In 2010 , Cornell founded Rhizomes Seven on Seven conference , which bridges contemporary art and technology fields by pairing technological innovators with visual artists and challenging them to develop something over the course of a day . Seven on Seven was inspired by Experiments in Art and Technology ( E.A.T. ) , a project launched by Billy Klüver and Robert Rauschenberg in 1967 , which organized collaborations between artists and engineers at Bell Labs . Quotes . “It’s important to consistently interrogate what exact freedoms or limitations structure our information environment.” Good curators don’t just show established artists or reiterate well-trodden art histories but work to expand , complicate and critique these narratives and open the doors of art to lesser-known or new voices . Exhibitions . - Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries Black on White , Gray Ascending , December 2007 – March 2008 ( co-curated with Laura Hoptman ) - New Museum Triennial : Younger Than Jesus , April–July 2009 ( co-curated with Massimiliano Gioni and Laura Hoptman ) - Free , October 2010-January 2011 - Walking Drifting Dragging , January–February 2013 - New Museum Triennial : Surround Audience , February–May 2015 ( co-curated with Ryan Trecartin ) - Song , Strategy , Sign : Beatriz Santiago Munoz ( co-curated with Johanna Burton and Sara O’Keeffe ) - Invisible Adversaries at CCS Bard , June–September 2016 ( co-curated with Tom Eccles ) - Daniel Steegmann Mangrane : A Transparent Leaf Instead of the Mouth at CCS Bard Selected Writings . - The Intensity and Integrity of Ian White , Frieze - Mass Effect , Mousse Magazine - Self-Portraiture in the First-Person Age , Aperture - In the Studio : Dara Birnbaum , Art in America - Techno-animism , Mousse Magazine - Down the Line , Frieze Publications . - Cornell , Lauren , Massimiliano Gioni , and Laura Hoptman , eds . Younger Than Jesus : The Reader ( New York : New Museum / London : Steidl & Partners , 2009 - Cornell , Lauren , ed. , Free . New York : New Museum , 2010 - Cornell , Lauren and Helga Christoffersen , eds . 2015 Triennial : Surround Audience . New York : New Museum / Rizzoli Skira , 2015 - Cornell , Lauren and Ed Halter , eds . Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the 21st Century . New York : New Museum / Cambridge , MA : the MIT Press , 2015 - Cornell , Lauren and Eccles , Tom , eds . Invisible Adversaries . New York : Hessel Museum , 2016
|
[
"Hessel Museum of Art"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lauren Cornell is an American curator and writer based in New York . Cornell is the Director of the Graduate Program at the Center for Curatorial Studies , Bard College , and Chief Curator of the Hessel Museum of Art . Previously , she worked at the New Museum for twelve years and was the Executive Director of their affiliate Rhizome ( 2005-2012 ) .",
"title": "Lauren Cornell"
},
{
"text": "Cornell was born and raised in New York City . She started her career in the arts as the Executive Director of Ocularis , a now-closed cinema in Brooklyn , New York . She joined the New Museum in 2005 , where she worked on the inaugural Generational show , Younger Than Jesus , and became the Executive Director of Rhizome , an organization that commissions , exhibits , and preserves art engaged with technology . She stepped down from her role at Rhizome in July 2012 to curate the New Museums third Generational Triennial , Surround Audience , in",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "2015 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Cornell and Ed Halter co-edited the anthology Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the Twenty-First Century ( 2016 ) . She has contributed to publications including Aperture , Art in America , ArtReview , Frieze , and Mousse , and written on artists for monographic catalogues . In 2016 , Artsy named Cornell one of The 20 Most Influential Young Curators in the United States . In 2017 , Cornell was the recipient of ArtTables New Leadership Award . In 2017 , she was named an Apollo 40 under 40 . Seven on Seven conference .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Cornell founded Rhizomes Seven on Seven conference , which bridges contemporary art and technology fields by pairing technological innovators with visual artists and challenging them to develop something over the course of a day . Seven on Seven was inspired by Experiments in Art and Technology ( E.A.T. ) , a project launched by Billy Klüver and Robert Rauschenberg in 1967 , which organized collaborations between artists and engineers at Bell Labs .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " “It’s important to consistently interrogate what exact freedoms or limitations structure our information environment.” Good curators don’t just show established artists or reiterate well-trodden art histories but work to expand , complicate and critique these narratives and open the doors of art to lesser-known or new voices .",
"title": "Quotes"
},
{
"text": " - Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries Black on White , Gray Ascending , December 2007 – March 2008 ( co-curated with Laura Hoptman ) - New Museum Triennial : Younger Than Jesus , April–July 2009 ( co-curated with Massimiliano Gioni and Laura Hoptman ) - Free , October 2010-January 2011 - Walking Drifting Dragging , January–February 2013 - New Museum Triennial : Surround Audience , February–May 2015 ( co-curated with Ryan Trecartin ) - Song , Strategy , Sign : Beatriz Santiago Munoz ( co-curated with Johanna Burton and Sara O’Keeffe )",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": "- Invisible Adversaries at CCS Bard , June–September 2016 ( co-curated with Tom Eccles )",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": " - Daniel Steegmann Mangrane : A Transparent Leaf Instead of the Mouth at CCS Bard",
"title": "Exhibitions"
},
{
"text": " - The Intensity and Integrity of Ian White , Frieze - Mass Effect , Mousse Magazine - Self-Portraiture in the First-Person Age , Aperture - In the Studio : Dara Birnbaum , Art in America - Techno-animism , Mousse Magazine - Down the Line , Frieze",
"title": "Selected Writings"
},
{
"text": " - Cornell , Lauren , Massimiliano Gioni , and Laura Hoptman , eds . Younger Than Jesus : The Reader ( New York : New Museum / London : Steidl & Partners , 2009 - Cornell , Lauren , ed. , Free . New York : New Museum , 2010 - Cornell , Lauren and Helga Christoffersen , eds . 2015 Triennial : Surround Audience . New York : New Museum / Rizzoli Skira , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Cornell , Lauren and Ed Halter , eds . Mass Effect : Art and the Internet in the 21st Century . New York : New Museum / Cambridge , MA : the MIT Press , 2015",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Cornell , Lauren and Eccles , Tom , eds . Invisible Adversaries . New York : Hessel Museum , 2016",
"title": "Publications"
}
] |
/wiki/Martin_Olav_Sabo#P69#0
|
Where was Martin Olav Sabo educated in May 1954?
|
Martin Olav Sabo Martin Olav Sabo ( February 28 , 1938 – March 13 , 2016 ) was an American politician who served as United States Representative for , which includes Minneapolis ; the district is one of eight congressional districts in Minnesota . Early life and education . Sabo was born in Crosby , North Dakota , the son of Norwegian immigrant parents . He received a B.A . from Augsburg College in Minneapolis in 1959 , later pursuing graduate studies at the University of Minnesota . Career . Minnesota Legislature . He was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1960 at the age of 22 , later serving as minority leader ( 1969–72 ) and as the first Democrat to serve as house speaker ( 1973–78 ) . During his tenure in the state house he served terms as president of the National Conference of State Legislatures and of the National Legislative Conference , and was a presidential appointee to the National Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations . U.S . Congress . When eight-term incumbent and fellow Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL ) member Donald M . Fraser stepped down to run for the U.S . Senate , Sabo became the DFL candidate to succeed him in what had become the most reliably Democratic district in Minnesota ( Fraser had defeated a 10-term Republican in 1962 and hadnt faced serious opposition since ) . He won easily in November 1978 and was reelected thirteen times without serious opposition , serving in the 96th , 97th , 98th , 99th , 100th , 101st , 102nd , 103rd , 104th , 105th , 106th , 107th , 108th and 109th congresses . During the 103rd Congress ( 1993–94 ) he chaired the House Budget Committee . As chairman of the Committee , he shepherded the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 through the House , legislation that allowed the United States to erase its budget deficit by 1999 . ( The deficit subsequently returned. ) In the 109th United States Congress he sat on the House Appropriations Committee , and was the ranking member of that committees Homeland Security subcommittee . A Lutheran , Sabo was married and had two children and six grandchildren . His daughter , Julie Sabo , is a former member of the Minnesota Senate and was the 2002 DFL nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota . Sabo was inducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame in 1994 . During the course of his career Sabo referred to himself as a liberal decentrist , preferring progressive politics , but local control instead of federal control . Sabo was considered to be the most liberal member of the Minnesota delegation in the 109th Congress , scoring 4% conservative by a conservative group and 90% progressive by a liberal group . Later career . On March 18 , 2006 , he announced that he would not seek reelection for the 110th Congress , ending 46 years as an elected official , including 28 years in Congress – the second-longest tenure in either house of Congress in the states history , behind only fellow Democrat Jim Oberstar . He endorsed his longtime chief of staff , Mike Erlandson , in the DFL primary—the real contest in this district . Erlandson lost to State Representative Keith Ellison , also a progressive DFLer , who won the general election and succeeded Sabo on January 4 , 2007 . Sabo served as a co-chair of the National Transportation Policy Project at the Bipartisan Policy Center . For his work on acquiring funding for transportation projects and specifically pedestrian and bicycling funding , the Midtown Greenway bridge in Minneapolis was named the Martin Olav Sabo Bridge . Personal life . Sabo died March 13 , 2016 , in Minneapolis , Minnesota , at the age of 78 . He had been hospitalized with breathing difficulties . U.S Senator Amy Klobuchar called Sabo a friend and mentor , and Governor Mark Dayton praised him as a great political leader and an outstanding public servant . Sabo was a lifelong smoker until he quit in 2003 . Electoral history . - 2004 race for U.S . House of Representatives – 5th district - Martin Olav Sabo ( DFL ) ( inc. ) , 70% - Daniel Mathias ( R ) , 24% - Jay Pond ( G ) , 6% External links . - Minnesota Legislators Past and Present - Martin Sabo legislative and congressional papers are available for research at the Minnesota Historical Society
|
[
"Augsburg College"
] |
[
{
"text": " Martin Olav Sabo ( February 28 , 1938 – March 13 , 2016 ) was an American politician who served as United States Representative for , which includes Minneapolis ; the district is one of eight congressional districts in Minnesota . Early life and education . Sabo was born in Crosby , North Dakota , the son of Norwegian immigrant parents . He received a B.A . from Augsburg College in Minneapolis in 1959 , later pursuing graduate studies at the University of Minnesota .",
"title": "Martin Olav Sabo"
},
{
"text": " He was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1960 at the age of 22 , later serving as minority leader ( 1969–72 ) and as the first Democrat to serve as house speaker ( 1973–78 ) . During his tenure in the state house he served terms as president of the National Conference of State Legislatures and of the National Legislative Conference , and was a presidential appointee to the National Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations .",
"title": "Minnesota Legislature"
},
{
"text": "When eight-term incumbent and fellow Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL ) member Donald M . Fraser stepped down to run for the U.S . Senate , Sabo became the DFL candidate to succeed him in what had become the most reliably Democratic district in Minnesota ( Fraser had defeated a 10-term Republican in 1962 and hadnt faced serious opposition since ) . He won easily in November 1978 and was reelected thirteen times without serious opposition , serving in the 96th , 97th , 98th , 99th , 100th , 101st , 102nd , 103rd , 104th , 105th , 106th",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": ", 107th , 108th and 109th congresses .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": " During the 103rd Congress ( 1993–94 ) he chaired the House Budget Committee . As chairman of the Committee , he shepherded the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 through the House , legislation that allowed the United States to erase its budget deficit by 1999 . ( The deficit subsequently returned. ) In the 109th United States Congress he sat on the House Appropriations Committee , and was the ranking member of that committees Homeland Security subcommittee .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": "A Lutheran , Sabo was married and had two children and six grandchildren . His daughter , Julie Sabo , is a former member of the Minnesota Senate and was the 2002 DFL nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota . Sabo was inducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame in 1994 . During the course of his career Sabo referred to himself as a liberal decentrist , preferring progressive politics , but local control instead of federal control .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": " Sabo was considered to be the most liberal member of the Minnesota delegation in the 109th Congress , scoring 4% conservative by a conservative group and 90% progressive by a liberal group .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": "On March 18 , 2006 , he announced that he would not seek reelection for the 110th Congress , ending 46 years as an elected official , including 28 years in Congress – the second-longest tenure in either house of Congress in the states history , behind only fellow Democrat Jim Oberstar . He endorsed his longtime chief of staff , Mike Erlandson , in the DFL primary—the real contest in this district . Erlandson lost to State Representative Keith Ellison , also a progressive DFLer , who won the general election and succeeded Sabo on January 4 , 2007",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"text": " Sabo served as a co-chair of the National Transportation Policy Project at the Bipartisan Policy Center . For his work on acquiring funding for transportation projects and specifically pedestrian and bicycling funding , the Midtown Greenway bridge in Minneapolis was named the Martin Olav Sabo Bridge .",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"text": " Sabo died March 13 , 2016 , in Minneapolis , Minnesota , at the age of 78 . He had been hospitalized with breathing difficulties . U.S Senator Amy Klobuchar called Sabo a friend and mentor , and Governor Mark Dayton praised him as a great political leader and an outstanding public servant . Sabo was a lifelong smoker until he quit in 2003 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 2004 race for U.S . House of Representatives – 5th district - Martin Olav Sabo ( DFL ) ( inc. ) , 70% - Daniel Mathias ( R ) , 24% - Jay Pond ( G ) , 6%",
"title": "Electoral history"
},
{
"text": " - Minnesota Legislators Past and Present - Martin Sabo legislative and congressional papers are available for research at the Minnesota Historical Society",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Martin_Olav_Sabo#P69#1
|
Where was Martin Olav Sabo educated between Jul 1959 and Sep 1959?
|
Martin Olav Sabo Martin Olav Sabo ( February 28 , 1938 – March 13 , 2016 ) was an American politician who served as United States Representative for , which includes Minneapolis ; the district is one of eight congressional districts in Minnesota . Early life and education . Sabo was born in Crosby , North Dakota , the son of Norwegian immigrant parents . He received a B.A . from Augsburg College in Minneapolis in 1959 , later pursuing graduate studies at the University of Minnesota . Career . Minnesota Legislature . He was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1960 at the age of 22 , later serving as minority leader ( 1969–72 ) and as the first Democrat to serve as house speaker ( 1973–78 ) . During his tenure in the state house he served terms as president of the National Conference of State Legislatures and of the National Legislative Conference , and was a presidential appointee to the National Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations . U.S . Congress . When eight-term incumbent and fellow Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL ) member Donald M . Fraser stepped down to run for the U.S . Senate , Sabo became the DFL candidate to succeed him in what had become the most reliably Democratic district in Minnesota ( Fraser had defeated a 10-term Republican in 1962 and hadnt faced serious opposition since ) . He won easily in November 1978 and was reelected thirteen times without serious opposition , serving in the 96th , 97th , 98th , 99th , 100th , 101st , 102nd , 103rd , 104th , 105th , 106th , 107th , 108th and 109th congresses . During the 103rd Congress ( 1993–94 ) he chaired the House Budget Committee . As chairman of the Committee , he shepherded the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 through the House , legislation that allowed the United States to erase its budget deficit by 1999 . ( The deficit subsequently returned. ) In the 109th United States Congress he sat on the House Appropriations Committee , and was the ranking member of that committees Homeland Security subcommittee . A Lutheran , Sabo was married and had two children and six grandchildren . His daughter , Julie Sabo , is a former member of the Minnesota Senate and was the 2002 DFL nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota . Sabo was inducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame in 1994 . During the course of his career Sabo referred to himself as a liberal decentrist , preferring progressive politics , but local control instead of federal control . Sabo was considered to be the most liberal member of the Minnesota delegation in the 109th Congress , scoring 4% conservative by a conservative group and 90% progressive by a liberal group . Later career . On March 18 , 2006 , he announced that he would not seek reelection for the 110th Congress , ending 46 years as an elected official , including 28 years in Congress – the second-longest tenure in either house of Congress in the states history , behind only fellow Democrat Jim Oberstar . He endorsed his longtime chief of staff , Mike Erlandson , in the DFL primary—the real contest in this district . Erlandson lost to State Representative Keith Ellison , also a progressive DFLer , who won the general election and succeeded Sabo on January 4 , 2007 . Sabo served as a co-chair of the National Transportation Policy Project at the Bipartisan Policy Center . For his work on acquiring funding for transportation projects and specifically pedestrian and bicycling funding , the Midtown Greenway bridge in Minneapolis was named the Martin Olav Sabo Bridge . Personal life . Sabo died March 13 , 2016 , in Minneapolis , Minnesota , at the age of 78 . He had been hospitalized with breathing difficulties . U.S Senator Amy Klobuchar called Sabo a friend and mentor , and Governor Mark Dayton praised him as a great political leader and an outstanding public servant . Sabo was a lifelong smoker until he quit in 2003 . Electoral history . - 2004 race for U.S . House of Representatives – 5th district - Martin Olav Sabo ( DFL ) ( inc. ) , 70% - Daniel Mathias ( R ) , 24% - Jay Pond ( G ) , 6% External links . - Minnesota Legislators Past and Present - Martin Sabo legislative and congressional papers are available for research at the Minnesota Historical Society
|
[
"University of Minnesota"
] |
[
{
"text": " Martin Olav Sabo ( February 28 , 1938 – March 13 , 2016 ) was an American politician who served as United States Representative for , which includes Minneapolis ; the district is one of eight congressional districts in Minnesota . Early life and education . Sabo was born in Crosby , North Dakota , the son of Norwegian immigrant parents . He received a B.A . from Augsburg College in Minneapolis in 1959 , later pursuing graduate studies at the University of Minnesota .",
"title": "Martin Olav Sabo"
},
{
"text": " He was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1960 at the age of 22 , later serving as minority leader ( 1969–72 ) and as the first Democrat to serve as house speaker ( 1973–78 ) . During his tenure in the state house he served terms as president of the National Conference of State Legislatures and of the National Legislative Conference , and was a presidential appointee to the National Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations .",
"title": "Minnesota Legislature"
},
{
"text": "When eight-term incumbent and fellow Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL ) member Donald M . Fraser stepped down to run for the U.S . Senate , Sabo became the DFL candidate to succeed him in what had become the most reliably Democratic district in Minnesota ( Fraser had defeated a 10-term Republican in 1962 and hadnt faced serious opposition since ) . He won easily in November 1978 and was reelected thirteen times without serious opposition , serving in the 96th , 97th , 98th , 99th , 100th , 101st , 102nd , 103rd , 104th , 105th , 106th",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": ", 107th , 108th and 109th congresses .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": " During the 103rd Congress ( 1993–94 ) he chaired the House Budget Committee . As chairman of the Committee , he shepherded the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 through the House , legislation that allowed the United States to erase its budget deficit by 1999 . ( The deficit subsequently returned. ) In the 109th United States Congress he sat on the House Appropriations Committee , and was the ranking member of that committees Homeland Security subcommittee .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": "A Lutheran , Sabo was married and had two children and six grandchildren . His daughter , Julie Sabo , is a former member of the Minnesota Senate and was the 2002 DFL nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota . Sabo was inducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame in 1994 . During the course of his career Sabo referred to himself as a liberal decentrist , preferring progressive politics , but local control instead of federal control .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": " Sabo was considered to be the most liberal member of the Minnesota delegation in the 109th Congress , scoring 4% conservative by a conservative group and 90% progressive by a liberal group .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": "On March 18 , 2006 , he announced that he would not seek reelection for the 110th Congress , ending 46 years as an elected official , including 28 years in Congress – the second-longest tenure in either house of Congress in the states history , behind only fellow Democrat Jim Oberstar . He endorsed his longtime chief of staff , Mike Erlandson , in the DFL primary—the real contest in this district . Erlandson lost to State Representative Keith Ellison , also a progressive DFLer , who won the general election and succeeded Sabo on January 4 , 2007",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"text": " Sabo served as a co-chair of the National Transportation Policy Project at the Bipartisan Policy Center . For his work on acquiring funding for transportation projects and specifically pedestrian and bicycling funding , the Midtown Greenway bridge in Minneapolis was named the Martin Olav Sabo Bridge .",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"text": " Sabo died March 13 , 2016 , in Minneapolis , Minnesota , at the age of 78 . He had been hospitalized with breathing difficulties . U.S Senator Amy Klobuchar called Sabo a friend and mentor , and Governor Mark Dayton praised him as a great political leader and an outstanding public servant . Sabo was a lifelong smoker until he quit in 2003 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 2004 race for U.S . House of Representatives – 5th district - Martin Olav Sabo ( DFL ) ( inc. ) , 70% - Daniel Mathias ( R ) , 24% - Jay Pond ( G ) , 6%",
"title": "Electoral history"
},
{
"text": " - Minnesota Legislators Past and Present - Martin Sabo legislative and congressional papers are available for research at the Minnesota Historical Society",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Martin_Olav_Sabo#P69#2
|
Where was Martin Olav Sabo educated in late 1960s?
|
Martin Olav Sabo Martin Olav Sabo ( February 28 , 1938 – March 13 , 2016 ) was an American politician who served as United States Representative for , which includes Minneapolis ; the district is one of eight congressional districts in Minnesota . Early life and education . Sabo was born in Crosby , North Dakota , the son of Norwegian immigrant parents . He received a B.A . from Augsburg College in Minneapolis in 1959 , later pursuing graduate studies at the University of Minnesota . Career . Minnesota Legislature . He was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1960 at the age of 22 , later serving as minority leader ( 1969–72 ) and as the first Democrat to serve as house speaker ( 1973–78 ) . During his tenure in the state house he served terms as president of the National Conference of State Legislatures and of the National Legislative Conference , and was a presidential appointee to the National Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations . U.S . Congress . When eight-term incumbent and fellow Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL ) member Donald M . Fraser stepped down to run for the U.S . Senate , Sabo became the DFL candidate to succeed him in what had become the most reliably Democratic district in Minnesota ( Fraser had defeated a 10-term Republican in 1962 and hadnt faced serious opposition since ) . He won easily in November 1978 and was reelected thirteen times without serious opposition , serving in the 96th , 97th , 98th , 99th , 100th , 101st , 102nd , 103rd , 104th , 105th , 106th , 107th , 108th and 109th congresses . During the 103rd Congress ( 1993–94 ) he chaired the House Budget Committee . As chairman of the Committee , he shepherded the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 through the House , legislation that allowed the United States to erase its budget deficit by 1999 . ( The deficit subsequently returned. ) In the 109th United States Congress he sat on the House Appropriations Committee , and was the ranking member of that committees Homeland Security subcommittee . A Lutheran , Sabo was married and had two children and six grandchildren . His daughter , Julie Sabo , is a former member of the Minnesota Senate and was the 2002 DFL nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota . Sabo was inducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame in 1994 . During the course of his career Sabo referred to himself as a liberal decentrist , preferring progressive politics , but local control instead of federal control . Sabo was considered to be the most liberal member of the Minnesota delegation in the 109th Congress , scoring 4% conservative by a conservative group and 90% progressive by a liberal group . Later career . On March 18 , 2006 , he announced that he would not seek reelection for the 110th Congress , ending 46 years as an elected official , including 28 years in Congress – the second-longest tenure in either house of Congress in the states history , behind only fellow Democrat Jim Oberstar . He endorsed his longtime chief of staff , Mike Erlandson , in the DFL primary—the real contest in this district . Erlandson lost to State Representative Keith Ellison , also a progressive DFLer , who won the general election and succeeded Sabo on January 4 , 2007 . Sabo served as a co-chair of the National Transportation Policy Project at the Bipartisan Policy Center . For his work on acquiring funding for transportation projects and specifically pedestrian and bicycling funding , the Midtown Greenway bridge in Minneapolis was named the Martin Olav Sabo Bridge . Personal life . Sabo died March 13 , 2016 , in Minneapolis , Minnesota , at the age of 78 . He had been hospitalized with breathing difficulties . U.S Senator Amy Klobuchar called Sabo a friend and mentor , and Governor Mark Dayton praised him as a great political leader and an outstanding public servant . Sabo was a lifelong smoker until he quit in 2003 . Electoral history . - 2004 race for U.S . House of Representatives – 5th district - Martin Olav Sabo ( DFL ) ( inc. ) , 70% - Daniel Mathias ( R ) , 24% - Jay Pond ( G ) , 6% External links . - Minnesota Legislators Past and Present - Martin Sabo legislative and congressional papers are available for research at the Minnesota Historical Society
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Martin Olav Sabo ( February 28 , 1938 – March 13 , 2016 ) was an American politician who served as United States Representative for , which includes Minneapolis ; the district is one of eight congressional districts in Minnesota . Early life and education . Sabo was born in Crosby , North Dakota , the son of Norwegian immigrant parents . He received a B.A . from Augsburg College in Minneapolis in 1959 , later pursuing graduate studies at the University of Minnesota .",
"title": "Martin Olav Sabo"
},
{
"text": " He was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1960 at the age of 22 , later serving as minority leader ( 1969–72 ) and as the first Democrat to serve as house speaker ( 1973–78 ) . During his tenure in the state house he served terms as president of the National Conference of State Legislatures and of the National Legislative Conference , and was a presidential appointee to the National Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations .",
"title": "Minnesota Legislature"
},
{
"text": "When eight-term incumbent and fellow Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL ) member Donald M . Fraser stepped down to run for the U.S . Senate , Sabo became the DFL candidate to succeed him in what had become the most reliably Democratic district in Minnesota ( Fraser had defeated a 10-term Republican in 1962 and hadnt faced serious opposition since ) . He won easily in November 1978 and was reelected thirteen times without serious opposition , serving in the 96th , 97th , 98th , 99th , 100th , 101st , 102nd , 103rd , 104th , 105th , 106th",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": ", 107th , 108th and 109th congresses .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": " During the 103rd Congress ( 1993–94 ) he chaired the House Budget Committee . As chairman of the Committee , he shepherded the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 through the House , legislation that allowed the United States to erase its budget deficit by 1999 . ( The deficit subsequently returned. ) In the 109th United States Congress he sat on the House Appropriations Committee , and was the ranking member of that committees Homeland Security subcommittee .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": "A Lutheran , Sabo was married and had two children and six grandchildren . His daughter , Julie Sabo , is a former member of the Minnesota Senate and was the 2002 DFL nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota . Sabo was inducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame in 1994 . During the course of his career Sabo referred to himself as a liberal decentrist , preferring progressive politics , but local control instead of federal control .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": " Sabo was considered to be the most liberal member of the Minnesota delegation in the 109th Congress , scoring 4% conservative by a conservative group and 90% progressive by a liberal group .",
"title": "U.S . Congress"
},
{
"text": "On March 18 , 2006 , he announced that he would not seek reelection for the 110th Congress , ending 46 years as an elected official , including 28 years in Congress – the second-longest tenure in either house of Congress in the states history , behind only fellow Democrat Jim Oberstar . He endorsed his longtime chief of staff , Mike Erlandson , in the DFL primary—the real contest in this district . Erlandson lost to State Representative Keith Ellison , also a progressive DFLer , who won the general election and succeeded Sabo on January 4 , 2007",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"text": " Sabo served as a co-chair of the National Transportation Policy Project at the Bipartisan Policy Center . For his work on acquiring funding for transportation projects and specifically pedestrian and bicycling funding , the Midtown Greenway bridge in Minneapolis was named the Martin Olav Sabo Bridge .",
"title": "Later career"
},
{
"text": " Sabo died March 13 , 2016 , in Minneapolis , Minnesota , at the age of 78 . He had been hospitalized with breathing difficulties . U.S Senator Amy Klobuchar called Sabo a friend and mentor , and Governor Mark Dayton praised him as a great political leader and an outstanding public servant . Sabo was a lifelong smoker until he quit in 2003 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 2004 race for U.S . House of Representatives – 5th district - Martin Olav Sabo ( DFL ) ( inc. ) , 70% - Daniel Mathias ( R ) , 24% - Jay Pond ( G ) , 6%",
"title": "Electoral history"
},
{
"text": " - Minnesota Legislators Past and Present - Martin Sabo legislative and congressional papers are available for research at the Minnesota Historical Society",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Minister_President_of_Lower_Saxony#P1308#0
|
Who was the office holder of Minister President of Lower Saxony before Aug 1951?
|
Minister President of Lower Saxony The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election . The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments . The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President . Title . The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office . After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states , as proposed by Kopf . Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony . Constitutional practice . Election and removal . The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly : Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with the last attempt being made in November 1988 . Powers and status . According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly . The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens . The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union . The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President . Role in German politics . As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred . Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony . Political party : External links . - State Chancellery
|
[
"Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": "The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": "After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": ", as proposed by Kopf .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly :",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "the last attempt being made in November 1988 .",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " - State Chancellery",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Minister_President_of_Lower_Saxony#P1308#1
|
Who was the office holder of Minister President of Lower Saxony in Jan 1957?
|
Minister President of Lower Saxony The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election . The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments . The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President . Title . The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office . After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states , as proposed by Kopf . Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony . Constitutional practice . Election and removal . The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly : Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with the last attempt being made in November 1988 . Powers and status . According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly . The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens . The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union . The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President . Role in German politics . As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred . Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony . Political party : External links . - State Chancellery
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": "The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": "After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": ", as proposed by Kopf .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly :",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "the last attempt being made in November 1988 .",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " - State Chancellery",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Minister_President_of_Lower_Saxony#P1308#2
|
Who was the office holder of Minister President of Lower Saxony in Nov 1959?
|
Minister President of Lower Saxony The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election . The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments . The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President . Title . The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office . After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states , as proposed by Kopf . Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony . Constitutional practice . Election and removal . The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly : Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with the last attempt being made in November 1988 . Powers and status . According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly . The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens . The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union . The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President . Role in German politics . As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred . Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony . Political party : External links . - State Chancellery
|
[
"Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": "The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": "After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": ", as proposed by Kopf .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly :",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "the last attempt being made in November 1988 .",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " - State Chancellery",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Minister_President_of_Lower_Saxony#P1308#3
|
Who was the office holder of Minister President of Lower Saxony in Apr 1969?
|
Minister President of Lower Saxony The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election . The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments . The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President . Title . The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office . After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states , as proposed by Kopf . Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony . Constitutional practice . Election and removal . The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly : Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with the last attempt being made in November 1988 . Powers and status . According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly . The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens . The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union . The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President . Role in German politics . As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred . Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony . Political party : External links . - State Chancellery
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": "The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": "After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": ", as proposed by Kopf .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly :",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "the last attempt being made in November 1988 .",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " - State Chancellery",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Minister_President_of_Lower_Saxony#P1308#4
|
Who was the office holder of Minister President of Lower Saxony between Jul 1971 and Jul 1972?
|
Minister President of Lower Saxony The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election . The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments . The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President . Title . The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office . After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states , as proposed by Kopf . Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony . Constitutional practice . Election and removal . The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly : Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with the last attempt being made in November 1988 . Powers and status . According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly . The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens . The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union . The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President . Role in German politics . As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred . Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony . Political party : External links . - State Chancellery
|
[
"Alfred Kubel"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": "The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": "After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": ", as proposed by Kopf .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly :",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "the last attempt being made in November 1988 .",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " - State Chancellery",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Minister_President_of_Lower_Saxony#P1308#5
|
Who was the office holder of Minister President of Lower Saxony between Nov 1983 and Jul 1987?
|
Minister President of Lower Saxony The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election . The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments . The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President . Title . The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office . After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states , as proposed by Kopf . Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony . Constitutional practice . Election and removal . The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly : Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with the last attempt being made in November 1988 . Powers and status . According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly . The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens . The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union . The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President . Role in German politics . As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred . Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony . Political party : External links . - State Chancellery
|
[
"Ernst Albrechts"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": "The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": "After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": ", as proposed by Kopf .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly :",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "the last attempt being made in November 1988 .",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " - State Chancellery",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Minister_President_of_Lower_Saxony#P1308#6
|
Who was the office holder of Minister President of Lower Saxony in May 1995?
|
Minister President of Lower Saxony The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election . The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments . The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President . Title . The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office . After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states , as proposed by Kopf . Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony . Constitutional practice . Election and removal . The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly : Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with the last attempt being made in November 1988 . Powers and status . According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly . The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens . The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union . The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President . Role in German politics . As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred . Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony . Political party : External links . - State Chancellery
|
[
"Gerhard Schröder"
] |
[
{
"text": " The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": "The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": "After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": ", as proposed by Kopf .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly :",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "the last attempt being made in November 1988 .",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " - State Chancellery",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Minister_President_of_Lower_Saxony#P1308#7
|
Who was the office holder of Minister President of Lower Saxony between Nov 1998 and Dec 1998?
|
Minister President of Lower Saxony The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election . The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments . The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President . Title . The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office . After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states , as proposed by Kopf . Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony . Constitutional practice . Election and removal . The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly : Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with the last attempt being made in November 1988 . Powers and status . According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly . The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens . The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union . The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President . Role in German politics . As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred . Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony . Political party : External links . - State Chancellery
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " The Minister President of Lower Saxony ( ) , also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister , is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony . The position was created in 1946 , when the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony . The current Minister President is Stephan Weil , heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU . Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": "The office of the Minister President is known as the State Chancellery ( ) , and is located in the capital of Hanover , along with the rest of the cabinet departments .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The state of Lower Saxony sees itself in the tradition notably of the Kingdom of Hanover , having adopted many of its symbols . For the predecessor office in the Kingdom of Hanover , see Privy Council of Hanover . The head of the Privy Council held the title Minister President .",
"title": "Minister President of Lower Saxony"
},
{
"text": " The German title Ministerpräsident may be translated literally as Minister-President , although the state government sometimes uses the title Prime Minister in English . Further , some third parties refer to the position in this fashion . An alternate English translation is Premier , the title given to heads of state governments in other federal systems such as Australia , Canada and South Africa . Origin of the office .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": "After the Second World War , the states of Brunswick , Oldenburg , Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were administered as part of the zone allocated to the British military administration . With the passage of time , the British government began to back the advocates of a merger of the states . Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , who went on to become Lower Saxonys first Minister President , was a fervent advocate of the merger towards the British military authorities . On 23 October 1946 , the British administration announced that they would support a merger of the states",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": ", as proposed by Kopf .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " Consequently , the four states were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony via Ordinance No . 55 of 1 November 1946 . Article 3 of the Ordinance created the position of Minister President : Article 4 of Ordinance No . 55 stipulated the appointment of the Minister President by the military government , until the holding of free Legislative Assembly elections in 1947 . The British military administration then appointed Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , the erstwhile Minister President of the former State of Hanover , to serve as the first Minister President of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Title"
},
{
"text": " The Minister President is elected by the Legislative Assembly , by a majority of its members in a secret ballot . However , he does not have to be a Member of the Legislative Assembly . The only restriction is that the Minister President may not be a Member of the Bundestag . Before assuming his duties , the Minister President-elect takes the following oath before the Members of the Legislative Assembly :",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "Upon election , the Minister President then appoints his Cabinet which requires subsequent confirmation by the Legislative Assembly . In practical terms , the confirmation of the cabinet is an essential requirement for the Minister President to govern , as until then the cabinet departments would be run by the ( possibly defeated ) predecessors . The Minister President can be removed by the Legislative Assembly , through a constructive vote of no confidence – namely the election of a successor . To this day , no vote of no-confidence has succeeded in the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly , with",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "the last attempt being made in November 1988 .",
"title": "Election and removal"
},
{
"text": "According to the Lower Saxony Constitution , the Minister President is the effective leader of the State Government , being responsible for the determination and formulation of policy guidelines . In this context , he chairs the cabinet meetings and may cast a tie-breaking vote in case of a stalemate between the ministers . Additionally , the Minister President also represents the State of Lower Saxony externally and exercises the right of clemency in individual criminal cases . In titular terms , the Minister President is also regarded as head of the state of Lower Saxony , thereby taking precedence",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "over officials like the Speaker of the Lower Saxony Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The Minister President , like the other members of the State Government , is not a civil servant—his salary is regulated by law . Like his ministers , the Minister President is subject to the Lower Saxony Ministers Act , which regulates matters of salary , confidentiality and ethics . Furthermore , the Minister President signs treaties made by the State of Lower Saxony and has to be consulted by other cabinet members prior to the start of any negotiations . The Minister President is also authorized to appoint one of his cabinet members as his deputy in case of",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "absence or illness . The only currently known instance of a Deputy Minister President taking over the duties of Minister President was in July 2010 , when Jörg Bode ( FDP ) served as Acting Minister President in the interval between Christian Wulffs election as President of Germany and David McAllisters confirmation as Minister President on 1 July 2010 . Meetings of the Cabinet traditionally take place in the guesthouse of the Lower Saxony Government , located close to the Hanover Zoological Gardens .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " The role of the State Chancellery . The Minister President of Lower Saxony , like his fellow Minister President in their respective states , has the staff of the State Chancellery at his disposal . The State Chancellery assists the Minister President in the preparation of draft legislation , the management of day-to-day government business and the coordination of media policy for the entire state . Additionally , it is responsible for relations to the other states in Germany and the European Union .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "The State Chancellery , by convention , is headed by a state secretary appointed by the Minister President . The current incumbent is Jörg Mielke . Under the McAllister administration , the State Chancellery was divided into four overall departments ( Department 1 : Policy Guidelines , Department 2 : Legal/Administration/Media , Department 3 : Europe/International Cooperation , Department 4 : Lower Saxony Representation to the Federal Government ) . While each of these departments is headed by a separate section head , the Press and Information Office is under the direct purview of the Minister President .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "As the leader of one of Germanys territorially largest and most populous states , the Minister President of Lower Saxony has traditionally been a major player in federal politics : The states first Minister President , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf often used the Bundesrat as a forum to oppose the policies of the Adenauer government . Alfred Kubel , one of Kopfs successors , played a major role in negotiating a compromise between all German states on the creation of a national fiscal transfer mechanism ( Länderfinanzausgleich ) . Minister President Ernst Albrecht , contrary to prevailing majority opinion in his",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": "own party , advocated and voted for the ratification of the treaties around which Willy Brandts Ostpolitik was centred .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " Ernst Albrecht was a candidate for the CDU nomination for President in 1979 and Chancellor in 1980 , Gerhard Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998 , his successor Sigmar Gabriel served as the Vice-Chancellor of Germany between 2013 and 2018 and Christian Wulff was elected President of Germany in 2010 . Examples of Lower Saxonys influence on policy debates in federal politics include Ernst Albrechts advocacy of financial transfers from other states and Gerhard Schröders usage of Lower Saxonys Bundesrat votes in matters of fiscal and tax policy . List of ministers-president of Lower Saxony .",
"title": "Powers and status"
},
{
"text": " - State Chancellery",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
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