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/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista#P102#2
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Which party was Fulgencio Batista a member of in Feb 1958?
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Fulgencio Batista Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar ( ; ; born Rubén Zaldívar , January 16 , 1901 – August 6 , 1973 ) was a Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and as its U.S.-backed military dictator from 1952 to 1959 before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution . Batista initially rose to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants , which overthrew the provisional government of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada . He then appointed himself chief of the armed forces , with the rank of colonel and effectively controlled the five-member pentarchy that functioned as the collective head of state . He maintained this control through a string of puppet presidents until 1940 , when he was himself elected President of Cuba on a populist platform . He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba and served until 1944 . After finishing his term , Batista moved to Florida , returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952 . Facing certain electoral defeat , he led a military coup against President Carlos Prío Socarrás that pre-empted the election . Back in power and receiving financial , military and logistical support from the United States government , Batista suspended the 1940 Constitution and revoked most political liberties , including the right to strike . He then aligned with the wealthiest landowners who owned the largest sugar plantations , and presided over a stagnating economy that widened the gap between rich and poor Cubans . Eventually it reached the point where most of the sugar industry was in U.S . hands , and foreigners owned 70% of the arable land . As such , Batistas repressive government then began to systematically profit from the exploitation of Cubas commercial interests , by negotiating lucrative relationships both with the American Mafia , who controlled the drug , gambling , and prostitution businesses in Havana , and with large U.S.-based multinational companies who were awarded lucrative contracts . To quell the growing discontent amongst the populace—which was subsequently displayed through frequent student riots and demonstrations—Batista established tighter censorship of the media , while also utilizing his Bureau for the Repression of Communist Activities secret police to carry out wide-scale violence , torture and public executions . These murders mounted in 1957 , as socialist ideas became more influential . Many people were killed , with estimates ranging from hundreds to about 20,000 people killed . Catalyzing the resistance to such tactics , for two years ( December 1956 – December 1958 ) Fidel Castros 26th of July Movement and other rebelling elements led an urban- and rural-based guerrilla uprising against Batistas government , which culminated in his eventual defeat by rebels under the command of Che Guevara at the Battle of Santa Clara on New Years Day 1959 . Batista immediately fled the island with an amassed personal fortune to the Dominican Republic , where strongman and previous military ally Rafael Trujillo held power . Batista eventually found political asylum in Oliveira Salazars Portugal , where he first lived on the island of Madeira and then in Estoril . He was involved in business activities in Spain and was staying there in Guadalmina at the time of his death from a heart attack on August 6 , 1973 . Early life . Batista was born in the town of Veguita , located in the municipality of Banes , Cuba in 1901 to Belisario Batista Palermo and Carmela Zaldívar González , who had fought in the Cuban War of Independence . He was of Spanish , African , Chinese , and possibly some Taíno descent . His mother named him Rubén and gave him her last name , Zaldívar . His father did not want to register him as a Batista . In the registration records of the Banes courthouse , he was legally Rubén Zaldívar until 1939 , when , as Fulgencio Batista , he became a presidential candidate and it was discovered that this name did not exist in the birth certificates ; he thus had to postpone the presentation of his candidacy and pay 15,000 pesos to the local judge . Both Batistas parents are believed to have been of mixed race and one may have had Indigenous Caribbean blood . Batista was initially educated at a public school in Banes and later attended night classes at an American Quaker school . He left home at age 14 , after the death of his mother . Coming from a humble background , he earned a living as a laborer in the cane fields , docks , and railroads . He was a tailor , mechanic , charcoal vendor and fruit peddler . In 1921 , he traveled to Havana , and in April joined the army as a private . After learning shorthand and typing , Batista left the army in 1923 , working briefly as a teacher of stenography before enlisting in the Guardia Rural ( rural police ) . He transferred back to the army as a corporal , becoming secretary to a regimental colonel . In September 1933 , he held the rank of sergeant stenographer and as such acted as the secretary of a group of non-commissioned officers who led a sergeants conspiracy for better conditions and improved prospects of promotion . 1933 coup . In 1933 , Batista led an uprising called the Sergeants Revolt , as part of the coup that overthrew the government of Gerardo Machado . Machado was succeeded by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada , who lacked a political coalition that could sustain him and was soon replaced . A short-lived five-member presidency , known as the Pentarchy of 1933 , was established . The Pentarchy included a representative from each anti-Machado faction . Batista was not a member , but controlled Cubas armed forces . Within days , the representative for the students and professors of the University of Havana , Ramón Grau San Martín , was made president—and Batista became the Army Chief of Staff , with the rank of colonel , effectively putting him in control of the presidency . The majority of the commissioned officer corps were forced to retire or , some speculate , were killed . Grau remained president for just over 100 days before Batista , conspiring with the U.S . envoy Sumner Welles , forced him to resign in January 1934 . Grau was replaced by Carlos Mendieta , and within five days the U.S . recognized Cubas new government , which lasted eleven months . Batista then became the strongman behind a succession of puppet presidents until he was elected president in 1940 . After Mendieta , succeeding governments were led by José Agripino Barnet ( five months ) and Miguel Mariano Gómez ( seven months ) before Federico Laredo Brú ruled from December 1936 to October 1940 . First presidency ( 1940–1944 ) . Batista , supported by the Democratic Socialist Coalition which included Julio Antonio Mellas Communist Party , defeated Grau in the first presidential election under the new Cuban constitution in the 1940 election , and served a four-year term as President of Cuba , the first and to this day only , non-white Cuban in that office . Batista was endorsed by the old Communist Party of Cuba , which at the time had little significance and no probability of an electoral victory . This support was primarily due to Batistas labor laws and his support for labor unions , with which the Communists had close ties . In fact , Communists attacked the anti-Batista opposition , saying Grau and others were fascists and reactionaries . During this term in office , Batista carried out major social reforms and established numerous economic regulations and pro-union policies . Cuba entered World War II on the side of the Allies on December 9 , 1941 , declaring war on Japan two days after the attack on Pearl Harbor . On December 11 , the Batista government declared war on Germany and Italy . In December 1942 , after a friendly visit to Washington , Batista said Latin America would applaud if the Declaration by United Nations called for war with Francisco Francos Spain , calling the regime fascist . Post-presidency . In 1944 , Batistas handpicked successor , Carlos Saladrigas Zayas , was defeated by Grau . In the final months of his presidency , Batista sought to handicap the incoming Grau administration . In a July 17 , 1944 , dispatch to the U.S . Secretary of State , U.S . Ambassador Spruille Braden wrote : Shortly after , Batista left Cuba for the United States . I just felt safer there , he said . He divorced his wife , Elisa , and married Marta Fernández Batista in 1945 . Two of their four children were born in the United States . For the next eight years , Batista remained in the background , spending time in the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City and a home in Daytona Beach , Florida . He continued to participate in Cuban politics , and was elected to the Cuban Senate in absentia in 1948 . Returning to Cuba , he decided to run for president and received permission from President Grau , whereupon he formed the United Action Party . On taking power he founded the Progressive Action Party , but he never regained his former popular support , though the unions supported him until the end . Military coup and second presidency ( 1952–1959 ) . In 1952 , Batista again ran for president . In a three-way race , Roberto Agramonte of the Orthodox Party led in all the polls , followed by Carlos Hevia of the Authentic Party . Batistas United Action coalition was running a distant third . On March 10 , 1952 , three months before the elections , Batista , with army backing , staged a coup and seized power . He ousted outgoing President Carlos Prío Socarrás , canceled the elections and took control of the government as a provisional president . The United States recognized his government on March 27 . When asked by the U.S . government to analyze Batistas Cuba , Arthur M . Schlesinger , Jr . said The corruption of the Government , the brutality of the police , the governments indifference to the needs of the people for education , medical care , housing , for social justice and economic justice .. . is an open invitation to revolution . Economy of Cuba . Upon his seizure of power , Batista inherited a country that was relatively prosperous for Latin America . According to Batistas government , although a third of Cubans still lived in poverty , Cuba was one of the five most developed countries in the region . In the 1950s , Cubas gross domestic product ( GDP ) per capita was roughly equal to that of Italy at the time , although Cubas per-capita GDP was still only a sixth of that of the United States . Moreover , although corruption and inequality were rife under Batista , Cuban industrial workers wages rose significantly . According to the International Labour Organization , the average industrial salary in Cuba was the worlds eighth-highest in 1958 , and the average agricultural wage was higher than some European nations . However , despite an array of positive indicators , in 1953 , the average Cuban family only had an income of $6.00 a week , 15% to 20% of the labor force was chronically unemployed , and only a third of the homes had running water . Relationship with organized crime . Throughout the 1950s , Havana served as a hedonistic playground for the worlds elite , producing sizable gambling , prostitution and drug profits for the American mafia , corrupt law-enforcement officials , and their politically elected cronies . In the assessment of the Cuban-American historian Louis Perez , Havana was then what Las Vegas has become . Relatedly , it is estimated that by the end of the 1950s the city of Havana had 270 brothels . In addition , drugs , be it marijuana or cocaine , were so plentiful at the time that one American magazine in 1950 proclaimed Narcotics are hardly more difficult to obtain in Cuba than a shot of rum . And only slightly more expensive . As a result , the playwright Arthur Miller described Batistas Cuba in The Nation as hopelessly corrupt , a Mafia playground , ( and ) a bordello for Americans and other foreigners . In a bid to profit from such an environment , Batista established lasting relationships with organized crime , notably with American mobsters Meyer Lansky and Lucky Luciano , and under his rule Havana became known as the Latin . Batista and Lansky formed a friendship and business relationship that flourished for a decade . During a stay at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York in the late 1940s , it was mutually agreed that , in return for kickbacks , Batista would give Lansky and the Mafia control of Havanas racetracks and casinos . After World War II , Luciano was paroled from prison on the condition that he permanently return to Sicily . Luciano secretly moved to Cuba , where he worked to resume control over American Mafia operations . Luciano also ran a number of casinos in Cuba with the sanction of Batista , though the American government eventually succeeded in pressuring the Batista government to deport him . Batista encouraged large-scale gambling in Havana . In 1955 , he announced that Cuba would grant a gaming license to anyone who invested US$1 million in a hotel or $200,000 in a new nightclub—and that the government would provide matching public funds for construction , a 10-year tax exemption , and waive duties on imported equipment and furnishings for new hotels . Each casino would pay the government $250,000 for the license , plus a percentage of the profits . The policy omitted background checks , as required for casino operations in the United States , which opened the door for casino investors with illegally obtained funds . Cuban contractors with the right connections made windfalls by importing , duty-free , more materials than needed for new hotels and selling the surplus to others . It was rumored that , besides the $250,000 to obtain a license , an additional under the table fee was sometimes required . Lansky became a prominent figure in Cubas gambling operations , and exerted influence over Batistas casino policies . The Mafias Havana Conference was held on December 22 , 1946 , at the Hotel Nacional de Cuba ; this was the first full-scale meeting of American underworld leaders since the Chicago meeting in 1932 . Lansky set about cleaning up the games at the Montmartre Club , which soon became the place to be in Havana . He also wanted to open a casino in the Hotel Nacional , the most elegant hotel in Havana . Batista endorsed Lanskys idea over the objections of American expatriates such as Ernest Hemingway , and the renovated casino wing opened for business in 1955 with a show by Eartha Kitt . The casino was an immediate success . As the new hotels , nightclubs , and casinos opened , Batista collected his share of the profits . Nightly , the bagman for his wife collected 10% of the profits at Santo Trafficantes casinos , the Sans Souci cabaret , and the casinos in the hotels Sevilla-Biltmore , Commodoro , Deauville , and Capri ( partly owned by the actor George Raft ) . His take from the Lansky casinos—his prized Habana Riviera , the Hotel Nacional , the Montmartre Club , and others—was said to be 30% . Lansky was said to have personally contributed millions of dollars per year to Batistas Swiss bank accounts . Support of U.S . business and government . In a manner that antagonized the Cuban people , the U.S . government used its influence to advance the interests of and increase the profits of the private American companies , which dominated the islands economy . By the late 1950s , U.S . financial interests owned 90% of Cuban mines , 80% of its public utilities , 50% of its railways , 40% of its sugar production and 25% of its bank deposits—some $1 billion in total . According to historian Louis Perez , author of the book On Becoming Cuban , Daily life had developed into a relentless degradation , with the complicity of political leaders and public officials who operated at the behest of American interests . As a symbol of this relationship , ITT Corporation , an American-owned multinational telephone company , presented Batista with a Golden Telephone , as an expression of gratitude for the excessive telephone rate increase , at least according to Senator John F . Kennedy , that Batista granted at the urging of the U.S . government . Earl E.T . Smith , former U.S . Ambassador to Cuba , testified to the U.S . Senate in 1960 that , Until Castro , the U.S . was so overwhelmingly influential in Cuba that the American ambassador was the second most important man , sometimes even more important than the Cuban president . In addition , nearly all aid from the U.S . to Batistas government was in the form of weapons assistance , which merely strengthened the Batista dictatorship and completely failed to advance the economic welfare of the Cuban people . Such actions later enabled Castro and the Communists to encourage the growing belief that America was indifferent to Cuban aspirations for a decent life . According to historian and author James S . Olson , the U.S . government essentially became a co-conspirator in the arrangement because of Batistas strong opposition to communism , which , in the rhetoric of the Cold War , seemed to maintain business stability and a pro-U.S . posture on the island . Thus , in the view of Olson , The U.S . government had no difficulty in dealing with him , even if he was a hopeless despot . On October 6 , 1960 Senator John F . Kennedy , in the midst of his campaign for the U.S . Presidency , decried Batistas relationship with the U.S . government and criticized the Eisenhower administration for supporting him : Fulgencio Batista murdered 20,000 Cubans in seven years .. . and he turned Democratic Cuba into a complete police state—destroying every individual liberty . Yet our aid to his regime , and the ineptness of our policies , enabled Batista to invoke the name of the United States in support of his reign of terror . Administration spokesmen publicly praised Batista—hailed him as a staunch ally and a good friend—at a time when Batista was murdering thousands , destroying the last vestiges of freedom , and stealing hundreds of millions of dollars from the Cuban people , and we failed to press for free elections . Batista , Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution . On July 26 , 1953 , just over a year after Batistas second coup , a small group of revolutionaries attacked the Moncada Barracks in Santiago . Government forces easily defeated the assault and jailed its leaders , while many others fled the country . The primary leader of the attack , Fidel Castro , was a young attorney who had run for parliament in the canceled 1952 elections . Although Castro was never officially nominated , he felt that Batistas coup had sidetracked what would have been a promising political career for him . In the wake of the Moncada assault , Batista suspended constitutional guarantees and increasingly relied on police tactics in an attempt to frighten the population through open displays of brutality . Batista held an election in 1954 , running as the candidate of a political coalition that included the Progressive Action Party , the Radical Union Party and the Liberal Party . The opposition divided into abstentionists and electoralists . The abstentionists favored boycotting the elections regardless of the circumstances in which they were held , whereas the electoralists sought certain rights and guarantees to participate . The CIA had predicted that Batista would use any means necessary to ensure he won the election . Batista lived up to their expectations , utilizing fraud and intimidation to secure his presidency . This led most of the other parties to boycott the elections . Former President Ramón Grau San Martín , leading the electoralist factions of the Cuban Revolutionary Party , participated through the political campaign but withdrew from the campaign days before election day , charging that his supporters had been terrorized . Thus Batista was elected president with the support of 45.6% of registered voters . Despite the boycott , Grau received the support of 6.8% of those who voted . The remaining voters abstained . By late 1955 , student riots and anti-Batista demonstrations had become frequent , and unemployment became a problem as graduates entering the workforce could not find jobs . These were dealt with through increasing repression . All youth were seen as suspected revolutionaries . Due to its continued opposition to Batista and the large amount of revolutionary activity taking place on its campus , the University of Havana was temporarily closed on November 30 , 1956 ( it did not reopen until 1959 under the first revolutionary government ) . On March 13 , 1957 , student leader José Antonio Echeverría was killed by police outside Radio Reloj in Havana after announcing that Batista had been killed in a student attack on the Presidential Palace . In reality , Batista survived , and the students of the Federation of University Students ( FEU ) and the Directorio ( DR ) who led the attack were killed in the response by the military and police . Castro quickly condemned the attack , since July 26 Movement had not participated in it . In April 1956 , Batista called popular military leader Col . Ramón Barquín back to Cuba from his post as military attaché to the United States . Believing Barquín would support his rule , Batista promoted him to General . However , Barquíns Conspiración de los Puros ( Conspiracy of the Pure ) was already underway and had already progressed too far . On April 6 , 1956 , Barquín led hundreds of career officers in a coup attempt , but was frustrated by Lieutenant Ríos Morejón , who betrayed the plan . Barquín was sentenced to solitary confinement for eight years on the Isle of Pines , while some officers were sentenced to death for treason . Many others were allowed to remain in the military without reprimand . The purge of the officer corps contributed to the inability of the Cuban army to successfully combat Castro and his guerrillas . Batistas police responded to increasing popular unrest by torturing and killing young men in the cities . However , his army was ineffective against the rebels based in the Sierra Maestra and Escambray Mountains . Another possible explanation for the failure to crush the rebellion was offered by author Carlos Alberto Montaner : Batista does not finish Fidel out of greed .. . His is a government of thieves . To have this small guerrilla band in the mountains is to his advantage , so that he can order special defense expenditures that they can steal . Batistas rule became increasingly unpopular among the population , and the Soviet Union began to secretly support Castro . Some of Batistas generals also criticized him in later years , saying that Batistas excessive interference in his generals military plans to defeat the rebels hampered Army morale and rendered all operations ineffective . In an effort to gather information about Castros army , Batistas secret police pulled in people for questioning . Many innocent people were tortured by Batistas police , while suspects , including youth , were publicly executed as a warning to others who were considering joining the insurgency . Additionally , Hundreds of mangled bodies were left hanging from lamp posts or dumped in the streets in a grotesque variation of the Spanish colonial practice of public executions . The brutal behavior backfired and increased support for the guerrillas . In 1958 , 45 organizations signed an open letter supporting July 26 Movement , among them national bodies representing lawyers , architects , dentists , accountants , and social workers . Castro , who had originally relied on the support of the poor , was now gaining the backing of the influential middle classes . The United States supplied Batista with planes , ships , tanks and the latest technology , such as napalm , which he used against the insurgency . However , in March 1958 , the U.S . announced it would stop selling arms to the Cuban government . Soon after , the U.S . imposed an arms embargo , further weakening the governments position , although land owners and others who benefited from the government continued to support Batista . Elections were scheduled for June 1958 , as required by the Constitution , but were delayed until November 1958 , when Castro and the revolutionaries called for a general strike and placed several bombs in civilian areas of the country . Three main candidates ran in the elections : Carlos Márquez Sterling of the Party of the Free People , former President Ramón Grau San Martín of the Cuban Revolutionary Party-Authentic , and Andrés Rivero Agüero of the government coalition . According to Carlos Márquez Sterling , all three were threatened by Castro , and several assassination attempts were made on both Ramón Grau San Martín and Carlos Márquez Sterling . On Election Day , estimates on the turnout range from 30–50% in the areas where voting took place , which did not include parts of Las Villas and Oriente , which were controlled by Castro . Márquez Sterling also stated that the initial results were favorable to him , but the military ordered the counting to stop as they changed the actual ballots for fraudulent ones . However , Grau San Martín , as he had previously done in the 1954 elections , withdrew his candidacy within a few hours of the election day . Batista declared Rivero Agüero the winner . On December 11 , 1958 , U.S . Ambassador Earl Smith visited Batista at his hacienda , Kuquine . There , Smith informed him that the United States could no longer support his government . Batista asked if he could go to his house in Daytona Beach . The ambassador denied the request and suggested that he seek asylum in Spain instead . On December 31 , 1958 , at a New Years Eve party , Batista told his cabinet and top officials that he was leaving the country . After seven years , Batista knew his presidency was over , and he fled the island in the early morning . At 3:00 a.m . on January 1 , 1959 , Batista boarded a plane at Camp Columbia with 40 of his supporters and immediate family members and flew to Ciudad Trujillo in the Dominican Republic . A second plane flew out of Havana later in the night , carrying ministers , officers and the Governor of Havana . Batista took along a personal fortune of more than $300 million that he had amassed through graft and payoffs . Critics accused Batista and his supporters of taking as much as $700 million in fine art and cash with them as they fled into exile . As news of the fall of Batistas government spread through Havana , The New York Times described jubilant crowds pouring into the streets and automobile horns honking . The black and red flag of July 26 Movement waved on cars and buildings . The atmosphere was chaotic . On January 8 , 1959 , Castro and his army rolled victoriously into Havana . Already denied entry to the United States , Batista sought asylum in Mexico , which also refused him . Portugals leader António Salazar allowed him to settle there on the condition that he completely abstain from politics . At the time , it was claimed that as many as 20,000 Cubans had been killed under Batista , but most modern historians agree that the true figure is probably closer to 3,000–4,000 . Personal life . Marriages and children . Batista married Elisa Godínez y Gómez ( 1900–1993 ) on July 10 , 1926 . They had three children : Mirta Caridad ( 1927–2010 ) , Elisa Aleida ( born 1933 ) , and Fulgencio Rubén Batista Godínez ( 1933–2007 ) . By all accounts , she was devoted to him and their children throughout their marriage , and their daughter remembered them as a happy , young couple until their sudden divorce . Much to her surprise , he divorced her in October 1945 against her will in order to marry his longtime mistress Marta Fernandez Miranda . He married Marta Fernández Miranda ( 1923–2006 ) on November 28 , 1945 , shortly after his divorce became final , and they had five children : Jorge Luis ( born 1942 ) , Roberto Francisco ( born 1947 ) , Carlos Manuel ( 1950–1969 ) , Fulgencio José ( born 1953 ) and Marta María Batista Fernández ( born 1957 ) . Extramarital affairs . Batista was an inveterate philanderer who engaged in numerous extramarital affairs throughout his first marriage . He cheated on his first wife with multiple women , and his children eventually became aware of his relationships . His first wife , who supported her husband throughout his political career and found his philandering humiliating , never considered divorce and tolerated his multiple affairs . However , Batista became enamored with a teenage schoolgirl Marta Fernandez Miranda , who became his longtime mistress . He filed divorce papers shortly before his first grandchild was born . His first wife and their children were astounded and devastated by the divorce . In 1935 , he fathered an illegitimate daughter , Fermina Lázara Batista Estévez , whom he supported financially . Biographers suggest that Batista may have fathered several more children out of wedlock . Death . After he fled to Portugal , Batista lived in Madeira , then later in Estoril . He died of a heart attack on August 6 , 1973 at Guadalmina , Spain , two days before a team of assassins from Castros Cuba allegedly were planning to assassinate him . Marta Fernández Miranda de Batista , Batistas widow , died on October 2 , 2006 . Roberto Batista , her son , says that she died at her home in West Palm Beach , Florida . She had suffered from Alzheimers disease . She was buried with her husband and son in the Cementerio Sacramental de San Isidro in Madrid . In popular culture . Actors who have portrayed Batista in film include Tito Alba in The Godfather Part II ( 1974 ) , Wolfe Morris in Cuba ( 1979 ) and Juan Fernandez in The Lost City ( 2005 ) . In literature and movies , Batistas regime is commonly referred to as the greens ( opposite the Communist reds ) , because of the green uniforms his soldiers wore . In Cuban post-revolution books , documentaries and movies Batistas troops were are also referred to as the helmets or casquitos ( in Spanish ) , because of the helmets they used . Books written by Batista . - Estoy con el Pueblo ( I am With the People ) , Havana , 1939 - Respuesta , Manuel León Sánchez S.C.L. , Mexico City , 1960 - Piedras y leyes ( Stones and Laws ) , Mexico City , 1961 - Cuba Betrayed , Vantage Press , New York , 1961 - To Rule is to Foresee , 1962 - The Growth and Decline of the Cuban Republic , Devin-Adair Company , New York , 1964 External links . - Fulgencio Batista from The History of Cuba - Fulgencio Batista from The Latin American Studies Organization - What Castro Found by Ana Simo , The Gully ( magazine ) - January 1 , 1959 : Cuban Dictator Batista Falls From Power by The History Channel
|
[
"Progressive Action Party"
] |
[
{
"text": "Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar ( ; ; born Rubén Zaldívar , January 16 , 1901 – August 6 , 1973 ) was a Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and as its U.S.-backed military dictator from 1952 to 1959 before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution . Batista initially rose to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants , which overthrew the provisional government of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada . He then appointed himself chief of the armed forces , with the rank of",
"title": "Fulgencio Batista"
},
{
"text": "colonel and effectively controlled the five-member pentarchy that functioned as the collective head of state . He maintained this control through a string of puppet presidents until 1940 , when he was himself elected President of Cuba on a populist platform . He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba and served until 1944 . After finishing his term , Batista moved to Florida , returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952 . Facing certain electoral defeat , he led a military coup against President Carlos Prío Socarrás that pre-empted the election .",
"title": "Fulgencio Batista"
},
{
"text": "Back in power and receiving financial , military and logistical support from the United States government , Batista suspended the 1940 Constitution and revoked most political liberties , including the right to strike . He then aligned with the wealthiest landowners who owned the largest sugar plantations , and presided over a stagnating economy that widened the gap between rich and poor Cubans . Eventually it reached the point where most of the sugar industry was in U.S . hands , and foreigners owned 70% of the arable land . As such , Batistas repressive government then began to systematically",
"title": "Fulgencio Batista"
},
{
"text": "profit from the exploitation of Cubas commercial interests , by negotiating lucrative relationships both with the American Mafia , who controlled the drug , gambling , and prostitution businesses in Havana , and with large U.S.-based multinational companies who were awarded lucrative contracts . To quell the growing discontent amongst the populace—which was subsequently displayed through frequent student riots and demonstrations—Batista established tighter censorship of the media , while also utilizing his Bureau for the Repression of Communist Activities secret police to carry out wide-scale violence , torture and public executions . These murders mounted in 1957 , as socialist",
"title": "Fulgencio Batista"
},
{
"text": "ideas became more influential . Many people were killed , with estimates ranging from hundreds to about 20,000 people killed .",
"title": "Fulgencio Batista"
},
{
"text": "Catalyzing the resistance to such tactics , for two years ( December 1956 – December 1958 ) Fidel Castros 26th of July Movement and other rebelling elements led an urban- and rural-based guerrilla uprising against Batistas government , which culminated in his eventual defeat by rebels under the command of Che Guevara at the Battle of Santa Clara on New Years Day 1959 . Batista immediately fled the island with an amassed personal fortune to the Dominican Republic , where strongman and previous military ally Rafael Trujillo held power . Batista eventually found political asylum in Oliveira Salazars Portugal ,",
"title": "Fulgencio Batista"
},
{
"text": "where he first lived on the island of Madeira and then in Estoril . He was involved in business activities in Spain and was staying there in Guadalmina at the time of his death from a heart attack on August 6 , 1973 .",
"title": "Fulgencio Batista"
},
{
"text": "Batista was born in the town of Veguita , located in the municipality of Banes , Cuba in 1901 to Belisario Batista Palermo and Carmela Zaldívar González , who had fought in the Cuban War of Independence . He was of Spanish , African , Chinese , and possibly some Taíno descent . His mother named him Rubén and gave him her last name , Zaldívar . His father did not want to register him as a Batista . In the registration records of the Banes courthouse , he was legally Rubén Zaldívar until 1939 , when , as Fulgencio",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Batista , he became a presidential candidate and it was discovered that this name did not exist in the birth certificates ; he thus had to postpone the presentation of his candidacy and pay 15,000 pesos to the local judge .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Both Batistas parents are believed to have been of mixed race and one may have had Indigenous Caribbean blood . Batista was initially educated at a public school in Banes and later attended night classes at an American Quaker school . He left home at age 14 , after the death of his mother . Coming from a humble background , he earned a living as a laborer in the cane fields , docks , and railroads . He was a tailor , mechanic , charcoal vendor and fruit peddler . In 1921 , he traveled to Havana , and",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "in April joined the army as a private . After learning shorthand and typing , Batista left the army in 1923 , working briefly as a teacher of stenography before enlisting in the Guardia Rural ( rural police ) . He transferred back to the army as a corporal , becoming secretary to a regimental colonel . In September 1933 , he held the rank of sergeant stenographer and as such acted as the secretary of a group of non-commissioned officers who led a sergeants conspiracy for better conditions and improved prospects of promotion .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " 1933 coup . In 1933 , Batista led an uprising called the Sergeants Revolt , as part of the coup that overthrew the government of Gerardo Machado . Machado was succeeded by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada , who lacked a political coalition that could sustain him and was soon replaced .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "A short-lived five-member presidency , known as the Pentarchy of 1933 , was established . The Pentarchy included a representative from each anti-Machado faction . Batista was not a member , but controlled Cubas armed forces . Within days , the representative for the students and professors of the University of Havana , Ramón Grau San Martín , was made president—and Batista became the Army Chief of Staff , with the rank of colonel , effectively putting him in control of the presidency . The majority of the commissioned officer corps were forced to retire or , some speculate ,",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "were killed .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Grau remained president for just over 100 days before Batista , conspiring with the U.S . envoy Sumner Welles , forced him to resign in January 1934 . Grau was replaced by Carlos Mendieta , and within five days the U.S . recognized Cubas new government , which lasted eleven months . Batista then became the strongman behind a succession of puppet presidents until he was elected president in 1940 . After Mendieta , succeeding governments were led by José Agripino Barnet ( five months ) and Miguel Mariano Gómez ( seven months ) before Federico Laredo Brú ruled from",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "December 1936 to October 1940 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Batista , supported by the Democratic Socialist Coalition which included Julio Antonio Mellas Communist Party , defeated Grau in the first presidential election under the new Cuban constitution in the 1940 election , and served a four-year term as President of Cuba , the first and to this day only , non-white Cuban in that office . Batista was endorsed by the old Communist Party of Cuba , which at the time had little significance and no probability of an electoral victory . This support was primarily due to Batistas labor laws and his support for labor unions , with",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "which the Communists had close ties . In fact , Communists attacked the anti-Batista opposition , saying Grau and others were fascists and reactionaries . During this term in office , Batista carried out major social reforms and established numerous economic regulations and pro-union policies .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Cuba entered World War II on the side of the Allies on December 9 , 1941 , declaring war on Japan two days after the attack on Pearl Harbor . On December 11 , the Batista government declared war on Germany and Italy . In December 1942 , after a friendly visit to Washington , Batista said Latin America would applaud if the Declaration by United Nations called for war with Francisco Francos Spain , calling the regime fascist .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1944 , Batistas handpicked successor , Carlos Saladrigas Zayas , was defeated by Grau . In the final months of his presidency , Batista sought to handicap the incoming Grau administration . In a July 17 , 1944 , dispatch to the U.S . Secretary of State , U.S . Ambassador Spruille Braden wrote :",
"title": "Post-presidency"
},
{
"text": "Shortly after , Batista left Cuba for the United States . I just felt safer there , he said . He divorced his wife , Elisa , and married Marta Fernández Batista in 1945 . Two of their four children were born in the United States .",
"title": "Post-presidency"
},
{
"text": " For the next eight years , Batista remained in the background , spending time in the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City and a home in Daytona Beach , Florida .",
"title": "Post-presidency"
},
{
"text": "He continued to participate in Cuban politics , and was elected to the Cuban Senate in absentia in 1948 . Returning to Cuba , he decided to run for president and received permission from President Grau , whereupon he formed the United Action Party . On taking power he founded the Progressive Action Party , but he never regained his former popular support , though the unions supported him until the end .",
"title": "Post-presidency"
},
{
"text": " Military coup and second presidency ( 1952–1959 ) . In 1952 , Batista again ran for president . In a three-way race , Roberto Agramonte of the Orthodox Party led in all the polls , followed by Carlos Hevia of the Authentic Party . Batistas United Action coalition was running a distant third .",
"title": "Post-presidency"
},
{
"text": "On March 10 , 1952 , three months before the elections , Batista , with army backing , staged a coup and seized power . He ousted outgoing President Carlos Prío Socarrás , canceled the elections and took control of the government as a provisional president . The United States recognized his government on March 27 . When asked by the U.S . government to analyze Batistas Cuba , Arthur M . Schlesinger , Jr . said",
"title": "Post-presidency"
},
{
"text": " The corruption of the Government , the brutality of the police , the governments indifference to the needs of the people for education , medical care , housing , for social justice and economic justice .. . is an open invitation to revolution .",
"title": "Post-presidency"
},
{
"text": "Upon his seizure of power , Batista inherited a country that was relatively prosperous for Latin America . According to Batistas government , although a third of Cubans still lived in poverty , Cuba was one of the five most developed countries in the region . In the 1950s , Cubas gross domestic product ( GDP ) per capita was roughly equal to that of Italy at the time , although Cubas per-capita GDP was still only a sixth of that of the United States . Moreover , although corruption and inequality were rife under Batista , Cuban industrial workers",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "wages rose significantly . According to the International Labour Organization , the average industrial salary in Cuba was the worlds eighth-highest in 1958 , and the average agricultural wage was higher than some European nations . However , despite an array of positive indicators , in 1953 , the average Cuban family only had an income of $6.00 a week , 15% to 20% of the labor force was chronically unemployed , and only a third of the homes had running water .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Throughout the 1950s , Havana served as a hedonistic playground for the worlds elite , producing sizable gambling , prostitution and drug profits for the American mafia , corrupt law-enforcement officials , and their politically elected cronies . In the assessment of the Cuban-American historian Louis Perez , Havana was then what Las Vegas has become . Relatedly , it is estimated that by the end of the 1950s the city of Havana had 270 brothels . In addition , drugs , be it marijuana or cocaine , were so plentiful at the time that one American magazine in 1950",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "proclaimed Narcotics are hardly more difficult to obtain in Cuba than a shot of rum . And only slightly more expensive . As a result , the playwright Arthur Miller described Batistas Cuba in The Nation as hopelessly corrupt , a Mafia playground , ( and ) a bordello for Americans and other foreigners .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "In a bid to profit from such an environment , Batista established lasting relationships with organized crime , notably with American mobsters Meyer Lansky and Lucky Luciano , and under his rule Havana became known as the Latin . Batista and Lansky formed a friendship and business relationship that flourished for a decade . During a stay at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York in the late 1940s , it was mutually agreed that , in return for kickbacks , Batista would give Lansky and the Mafia control of Havanas racetracks and casinos . After World War II , Luciano was",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "paroled from prison on the condition that he permanently return to Sicily . Luciano secretly moved to Cuba , where he worked to resume control over American Mafia operations . Luciano also ran a number of casinos in Cuba with the sanction of Batista , though the American government eventually succeeded in pressuring the Batista government to deport him .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Batista encouraged large-scale gambling in Havana . In 1955 , he announced that Cuba would grant a gaming license to anyone who invested US$1 million in a hotel or $200,000 in a new nightclub—and that the government would provide matching public funds for construction , a 10-year tax exemption , and waive duties on imported equipment and furnishings for new hotels . Each casino would pay the government $250,000 for the license , plus a percentage of the profits . The policy omitted background checks , as required for casino operations in the United States , which opened the door",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "for casino investors with illegally obtained funds . Cuban contractors with the right connections made windfalls by importing , duty-free , more materials than needed for new hotels and selling the surplus to others . It was rumored that , besides the $250,000 to obtain a license , an additional under the table fee was sometimes required .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Lansky became a prominent figure in Cubas gambling operations , and exerted influence over Batistas casino policies . The Mafias Havana Conference was held on December 22 , 1946 , at the Hotel Nacional de Cuba ; this was the first full-scale meeting of American underworld leaders since the Chicago meeting in 1932 . Lansky set about cleaning up the games at the Montmartre Club , which soon became the place to be in Havana . He also wanted to open a casino in the Hotel Nacional , the most elegant hotel in Havana . Batista endorsed Lanskys idea over",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "the objections of American expatriates such as Ernest Hemingway , and the renovated casino wing opened for business in 1955 with a show by Eartha Kitt . The casino was an immediate success .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "As the new hotels , nightclubs , and casinos opened , Batista collected his share of the profits . Nightly , the bagman for his wife collected 10% of the profits at Santo Trafficantes casinos , the Sans Souci cabaret , and the casinos in the hotels Sevilla-Biltmore , Commodoro , Deauville , and Capri ( partly owned by the actor George Raft ) . His take from the Lansky casinos—his prized Habana Riviera , the Hotel Nacional , the Montmartre Club , and others—was said to be 30% . Lansky was said to have personally contributed millions of dollars",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "per year to Batistas Swiss bank accounts .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "In a manner that antagonized the Cuban people , the U.S . government used its influence to advance the interests of and increase the profits of the private American companies , which dominated the islands economy . By the late 1950s , U.S . financial interests owned 90% of Cuban mines , 80% of its public utilities , 50% of its railways , 40% of its sugar production and 25% of its bank deposits—some $1 billion in total . According to historian Louis Perez , author of the book On Becoming Cuban , Daily life had developed into a relentless",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "degradation , with the complicity of political leaders and public officials who operated at the behest of American interests . As a symbol of this relationship , ITT Corporation , an American-owned multinational telephone company , presented Batista with a Golden Telephone , as an expression of gratitude for the excessive telephone rate increase , at least according to Senator John F . Kennedy , that Batista granted at the urging of the U.S . government .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Earl E.T . Smith , former U.S . Ambassador to Cuba , testified to the U.S . Senate in 1960 that , Until Castro , the U.S . was so overwhelmingly influential in Cuba that the American ambassador was the second most important man , sometimes even more important than the Cuban president . In addition , nearly all aid from the U.S . to Batistas government was in the form of weapons assistance , which merely strengthened the Batista dictatorship and completely failed to advance the economic welfare of the Cuban people . Such actions later enabled Castro and",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "the Communists to encourage the growing belief that America was indifferent to Cuban aspirations for a decent life .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "According to historian and author James S . Olson , the U.S . government essentially became a co-conspirator in the arrangement because of Batistas strong opposition to communism , which , in the rhetoric of the Cold War , seemed to maintain business stability and a pro-U.S . posture on the island . Thus , in the view of Olson , The U.S . government had no difficulty in dealing with him , even if he was a hopeless despot . On October 6 , 1960 Senator John F . Kennedy , in the midst of his campaign for the",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "U.S . Presidency , decried Batistas relationship with the U.S . government and criticized the Eisenhower administration for supporting him :",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Fulgencio Batista murdered 20,000 Cubans in seven years .. . and he turned Democratic Cuba into a complete police state—destroying every individual liberty . Yet our aid to his regime , and the ineptness of our policies , enabled Batista to invoke the name of the United States in support of his reign of terror . Administration spokesmen publicly praised Batista—hailed him as a staunch ally and a good friend—at a time when Batista was murdering thousands , destroying the last vestiges of freedom , and stealing hundreds of millions of dollars from the Cuban people , and we failed",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "to press for free elections .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "On July 26 , 1953 , just over a year after Batistas second coup , a small group of revolutionaries attacked the Moncada Barracks in Santiago . Government forces easily defeated the assault and jailed its leaders , while many others fled the country . The primary leader of the attack , Fidel Castro , was a young attorney who had run for parliament in the canceled 1952 elections . Although Castro was never officially nominated , he felt that Batistas coup had sidetracked what would have been a promising political career for him . In the wake of the",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Moncada assault , Batista suspended constitutional guarantees and increasingly relied on police tactics in an attempt to frighten the population through open displays of brutality .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Batista held an election in 1954 , running as the candidate of a political coalition that included the Progressive Action Party , the Radical Union Party and the Liberal Party . The opposition divided into abstentionists and electoralists . The abstentionists favored boycotting the elections regardless of the circumstances in which they were held , whereas the electoralists sought certain rights and guarantees to participate . The CIA had predicted that Batista would use any means necessary to ensure he won the election . Batista lived up to their expectations , utilizing fraud and intimidation to secure his presidency .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "This led most of the other parties to boycott the elections . Former President Ramón Grau San Martín , leading the electoralist factions of the Cuban Revolutionary Party , participated through the political campaign but withdrew from the campaign days before election day , charging that his supporters had been terrorized . Thus Batista was elected president with the support of 45.6% of registered voters . Despite the boycott , Grau received the support of 6.8% of those who voted . The remaining voters abstained .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "By late 1955 , student riots and anti-Batista demonstrations had become frequent , and unemployment became a problem as graduates entering the workforce could not find jobs . These were dealt with through increasing repression . All youth were seen as suspected revolutionaries . Due to its continued opposition to Batista and the large amount of revolutionary activity taking place on its campus , the University of Havana was temporarily closed on November 30 , 1956 ( it did not reopen until 1959 under the first revolutionary government ) . On March 13 , 1957 , student leader José Antonio",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Echeverría was killed by police outside Radio Reloj in Havana after announcing that Batista had been killed in a student attack on the Presidential Palace . In reality , Batista survived , and the students of the Federation of University Students ( FEU ) and the Directorio ( DR ) who led the attack were killed in the response by the military and police . Castro quickly condemned the attack , since July 26 Movement had not participated in it .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "In April 1956 , Batista called popular military leader Col . Ramón Barquín back to Cuba from his post as military attaché to the United States . Believing Barquín would support his rule , Batista promoted him to General . However , Barquíns Conspiración de los Puros ( Conspiracy of the Pure ) was already underway and had already progressed too far . On April 6 , 1956 , Barquín led hundreds of career officers in a coup attempt , but was frustrated by Lieutenant Ríos Morejón , who betrayed the plan . Barquín was sentenced to solitary confinement for",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "eight years on the Isle of Pines , while some officers were sentenced to death for treason . Many others were allowed to remain in the military without reprimand .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "The purge of the officer corps contributed to the inability of the Cuban army to successfully combat Castro and his guerrillas . Batistas police responded to increasing popular unrest by torturing and killing young men in the cities . However , his army was ineffective against the rebels based in the Sierra Maestra and Escambray Mountains . Another possible explanation for the failure to crush the rebellion was offered by author Carlos Alberto Montaner : Batista does not finish Fidel out of greed .. . His is a government of thieves . To have this small guerrilla band in the",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "mountains is to his advantage , so that he can order special defense expenditures that they can steal . Batistas rule became increasingly unpopular among the population , and the Soviet Union began to secretly support Castro . Some of Batistas generals also criticized him in later years , saying that Batistas excessive interference in his generals military plans to defeat the rebels hampered Army morale and rendered all operations ineffective .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "In an effort to gather information about Castros army , Batistas secret police pulled in people for questioning . Many innocent people were tortured by Batistas police , while suspects , including youth , were publicly executed as a warning to others who were considering joining the insurgency . Additionally , Hundreds of mangled bodies were left hanging from lamp posts or dumped in the streets in a grotesque variation of the Spanish colonial practice of public executions . The brutal behavior backfired and increased support for the guerrillas . In 1958 , 45 organizations signed an open letter supporting",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "July 26 Movement , among them national bodies representing lawyers , architects , dentists , accountants , and social workers . Castro , who had originally relied on the support of the poor , was now gaining the backing of the influential middle classes .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": " The United States supplied Batista with planes , ships , tanks and the latest technology , such as napalm , which he used against the insurgency . However , in March 1958 , the U.S . announced it would stop selling arms to the Cuban government . Soon after , the U.S . imposed an arms embargo , further weakening the governments position , although land owners and others who benefited from the government continued to support Batista .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Elections were scheduled for June 1958 , as required by the Constitution , but were delayed until November 1958 , when Castro and the revolutionaries called for a general strike and placed several bombs in civilian areas of the country . Three main candidates ran in the elections : Carlos Márquez Sterling of the Party of the Free People , former President Ramón Grau San Martín of the Cuban Revolutionary Party-Authentic , and Andrés Rivero Agüero of the government coalition . According to Carlos Márquez Sterling , all three were threatened by Castro , and several assassination attempts were made",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "on both Ramón Grau San Martín and Carlos Márquez Sterling . On Election Day , estimates on the turnout range from 30–50% in the areas where voting took place , which did not include parts of Las Villas and Oriente , which were controlled by Castro . Márquez Sterling also stated that the initial results were favorable to him , but the military ordered the counting to stop as they changed the actual ballots for fraudulent ones . However , Grau San Martín , as he had previously done in the 1954 elections , withdrew his candidacy within a few",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "hours of the election day . Batista declared Rivero Agüero the winner . On December 11 , 1958 , U.S . Ambassador Earl Smith visited Batista at his hacienda , Kuquine . There , Smith informed him that the United States could no longer support his government . Batista asked if he could go to his house in Daytona Beach . The ambassador denied the request and suggested that he seek asylum in Spain instead .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "On December 31 , 1958 , at a New Years Eve party , Batista told his cabinet and top officials that he was leaving the country . After seven years , Batista knew his presidency was over , and he fled the island in the early morning . At 3:00 a.m . on January 1 , 1959 , Batista boarded a plane at Camp Columbia with 40 of his supporters and immediate family members and flew to Ciudad Trujillo in the Dominican Republic . A second plane flew out of Havana later in the night , carrying ministers , officers",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "and the Governor of Havana . Batista took along a personal fortune of more than $300 million that he had amassed through graft and payoffs . Critics accused Batista and his supporters of taking as much as $700 million in fine art and cash with them as they fled into exile .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": "As news of the fall of Batistas government spread through Havana , The New York Times described jubilant crowds pouring into the streets and automobile horns honking . The black and red flag of July 26 Movement waved on cars and buildings . The atmosphere was chaotic . On January 8 , 1959 , Castro and his army rolled victoriously into Havana . Already denied entry to the United States , Batista sought asylum in Mexico , which also refused him . Portugals leader António Salazar allowed him to settle there on the condition that he completely abstain from politics",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": " At the time , it was claimed that as many as 20,000 Cubans had been killed under Batista , but most modern historians agree that the true figure is probably closer to 3,000–4,000 .",
"title": "Economy of Cuba"
},
{
"text": " Batista married Elisa Godínez y Gómez ( 1900–1993 ) on July 10 , 1926 . They had three children : Mirta Caridad ( 1927–2010 ) , Elisa Aleida ( born 1933 ) , and Fulgencio Rubén Batista Godínez ( 1933–2007 ) . By all accounts , she was devoted to him and their children throughout their marriage , and their daughter remembered them as a happy , young couple until their sudden divorce . Much to her surprise , he divorced her in October 1945 against her will in order to marry his longtime mistress Marta Fernandez Miranda .",
"title": "Marriages and children"
},
{
"text": "He married Marta Fernández Miranda ( 1923–2006 ) on November 28 , 1945 , shortly after his divorce became final , and they had five children : Jorge Luis ( born 1942 ) , Roberto Francisco ( born 1947 ) , Carlos Manuel ( 1950–1969 ) , Fulgencio José ( born 1953 ) and Marta María Batista Fernández ( born 1957 ) .",
"title": "Marriages and children"
},
{
"text": "Batista was an inveterate philanderer who engaged in numerous extramarital affairs throughout his first marriage . He cheated on his first wife with multiple women , and his children eventually became aware of his relationships . His first wife , who supported her husband throughout his political career and found his philandering humiliating , never considered divorce and tolerated his multiple affairs . However , Batista became enamored with a teenage schoolgirl Marta Fernandez Miranda , who became his longtime mistress . He filed divorce papers shortly before his first grandchild was born . His first wife and their children",
"title": "Extramarital affairs"
},
{
"text": "were astounded and devastated by the divorce .",
"title": "Extramarital affairs"
},
{
"text": " In 1935 , he fathered an illegitimate daughter , Fermina Lázara Batista Estévez , whom he supported financially . Biographers suggest that Batista may have fathered several more children out of wedlock .",
"title": "Extramarital affairs"
},
{
"text": " After he fled to Portugal , Batista lived in Madeira , then later in Estoril . He died of a heart attack on August 6 , 1973 at Guadalmina , Spain , two days before a team of assassins from Castros Cuba allegedly were planning to assassinate him .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "Marta Fernández Miranda de Batista , Batistas widow , died on October 2 , 2006 . Roberto Batista , her son , says that she died at her home in West Palm Beach , Florida . She had suffered from Alzheimers disease . She was buried with her husband and son in the Cementerio Sacramental de San Isidro in Madrid .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Actors who have portrayed Batista in film include Tito Alba in The Godfather Part II ( 1974 ) , Wolfe Morris in Cuba ( 1979 ) and Juan Fernandez in The Lost City ( 2005 ) . In literature and movies , Batistas regime is commonly referred to as the greens ( opposite the Communist reds ) , because of the green uniforms his soldiers wore . In Cuban post-revolution books , documentaries and movies Batistas troops were are also referred to as the helmets or casquitos ( in Spanish ) , because of the helmets they used .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": "Books written by Batista .",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": " - Estoy con el Pueblo ( I am With the People ) , Havana , 1939 - Respuesta , Manuel León Sánchez S.C.L. , Mexico City , 1960 - Piedras y leyes ( Stones and Laws ) , Mexico City , 1961 - Cuba Betrayed , Vantage Press , New York , 1961 - To Rule is to Foresee , 1962 - The Growth and Decline of the Cuban Republic , Devin-Adair Company , New York , 1964",
"title": "In popular culture"
},
{
"text": " - Fulgencio Batista from The History of Cuba - Fulgencio Batista from The Latin American Studies Organization - What Castro Found by Ana Simo , The Gully ( magazine ) - January 1 , 1959 : Cuban Dictator Batista Falls From Power by The History Channel",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Ben_Sahar#P54#0
|
Ben Sahar played for which team in Jan 2006?
|
Ben Sahar Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team . At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season . Early life . Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union member state . As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel . Club career . Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv . Chelsea . Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge . Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton . Queens Park Rangers . Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances . Sheffield Wednesday . After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship . Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship . Portsmouth . On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough . However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself . De Graafschap . Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap . Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games . Espanyol . Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23 September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match . Hapoel Tel Aviv . Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg . Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz . Auxerre . On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell . Hertha BSC . On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen . Arminia Bielefeld . He was on loan to Arminia Bielefeld from January 2014 until June 2014 . Willem II . On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option . Hapoel Beer Sheva . On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years . International career . On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win . On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on 28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 . Honours . Hapoel Tel Aviv - Israel State Cup : 2010–11 Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2012–13 Hapoel Beer Sheva - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016
|
[
"Chelsea"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "member state .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances .",
"title": "Queens Park Rangers"
},
{
"text": " After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": " However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": " Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": "September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match .",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": " Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": "Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": " On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell .",
"title": "Auxerre"
},
{
"text": " On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen .",
"title": "Hertha BSC"
},
{
"text": " On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option .",
"title": "Willem II"
},
{
"text": " On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years .",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
},
{
"text": " On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
}
] |
/wiki/Ben_Sahar#P54#1
|
Ben Sahar played for which team between Apr 2007 and Aug 2007?
|
Ben Sahar Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team . At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season . Early life . Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union member state . As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel . Club career . Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv . Chelsea . Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge . Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton . Queens Park Rangers . Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances . Sheffield Wednesday . After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship . Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship . Portsmouth . On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough . However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself . De Graafschap . Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap . Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games . Espanyol . Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23 September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match . Hapoel Tel Aviv . Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg . Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz . Auxerre . On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell . Hertha BSC . On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen . Arminia Bielefeld . He was on loan to Arminia Bielefeld from January 2014 until June 2014 . Willem II . On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option . Hapoel Beer Sheva . On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years . International career . On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win . On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on 28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 . Honours . Hapoel Tel Aviv - Israel State Cup : 2010–11 Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2012–13 Hapoel Beer Sheva - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016
|
[
"Chelsea",
"Israel national football team",
"Queens Park Rangers"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "member state .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances .",
"title": "Queens Park Rangers"
},
{
"text": " After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": " However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": " Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": "September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match .",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": " Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": "Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": " On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell .",
"title": "Auxerre"
},
{
"text": " On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen .",
"title": "Hertha BSC"
},
{
"text": " On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option .",
"title": "Willem II"
},
{
"text": " On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years .",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
},
{
"text": " On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
}
] |
/wiki/Ben_Sahar#P54#2
|
Ben Sahar played for which team in Aug 2008?
|
Ben Sahar Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team . At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season . Early life . Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union member state . As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel . Club career . Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv . Chelsea . Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge . Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton . Queens Park Rangers . Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances . Sheffield Wednesday . After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship . Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship . Portsmouth . On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough . However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself . De Graafschap . Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap . Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games . Espanyol . Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23 September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match . Hapoel Tel Aviv . Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg . Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz . Auxerre . On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell . Hertha BSC . On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen . Arminia Bielefeld . He was on loan to Arminia Bielefeld from January 2014 until June 2014 . Willem II . On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option . Hapoel Beer Sheva . On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years . International career . On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win . On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on 28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 . Honours . Hapoel Tel Aviv - Israel State Cup : 2010–11 Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2012–13 Hapoel Beer Sheva - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016
|
[
"Portsmouth"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "member state .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances .",
"title": "Queens Park Rangers"
},
{
"text": " After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": " However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": " Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": "September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match .",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": " Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": "Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": " On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell .",
"title": "Auxerre"
},
{
"text": " On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen .",
"title": "Hertha BSC"
},
{
"text": " On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option .",
"title": "Willem II"
},
{
"text": " On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years .",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
},
{
"text": " On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
}
] |
/wiki/Ben_Sahar#P54#3
|
Ben Sahar played for which team in Mar 2009?
|
Ben Sahar Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team . At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season . Early life . Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union member state . As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel . Club career . Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv . Chelsea . Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge . Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton . Queens Park Rangers . Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances . Sheffield Wednesday . After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship . Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship . Portsmouth . On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough . However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself . De Graafschap . Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap . Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games . Espanyol . Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23 September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match . Hapoel Tel Aviv . Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg . Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz . Auxerre . On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell . Hertha BSC . On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen . Arminia Bielefeld . He was on loan to Arminia Bielefeld from January 2014 until June 2014 . Willem II . On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option . Hapoel Beer Sheva . On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years . International career . On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win . On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on 28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 . Honours . Hapoel Tel Aviv - Israel State Cup : 2010–11 Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2012–13 Hapoel Beer Sheva - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016
|
[
"De Graafschap",
"Espanyol"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "member state .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances .",
"title": "Queens Park Rangers"
},
{
"text": " After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": " However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": " Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": "September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match .",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": " Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": "Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": " On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell .",
"title": "Auxerre"
},
{
"text": " On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen .",
"title": "Hertha BSC"
},
{
"text": " On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option .",
"title": "Willem II"
},
{
"text": " On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years .",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
},
{
"text": " On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
}
] |
/wiki/Ben_Sahar#P54#4
|
Ben Sahar played for which team between Nov 2010 and Dec 2010?
|
Ben Sahar Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team . At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season . Early life . Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union member state . As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel . Club career . Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv . Chelsea . Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge . Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton . Queens Park Rangers . Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances . Sheffield Wednesday . After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship . Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship . Portsmouth . On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough . However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself . De Graafschap . Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap . Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games . Espanyol . Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23 September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match . Hapoel Tel Aviv . Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg . Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz . Auxerre . On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell . Hertha BSC . On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen . Arminia Bielefeld . He was on loan to Arminia Bielefeld from January 2014 until June 2014 . Willem II . On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option . Hapoel Beer Sheva . On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years . International career . On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win . On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on 28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 . Honours . Hapoel Tel Aviv - Israel State Cup : 2010–11 Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2012–13 Hapoel Beer Sheva - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016
|
[
"Espanyol",
"Hapoel Tel Aviv"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "member state .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances .",
"title": "Queens Park Rangers"
},
{
"text": " After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": " However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": " Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": "September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match .",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": " Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": "Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": " On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell .",
"title": "Auxerre"
},
{
"text": " On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen .",
"title": "Hertha BSC"
},
{
"text": " On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option .",
"title": "Willem II"
},
{
"text": " On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years .",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
},
{
"text": " On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
}
] |
/wiki/Ben_Sahar#P54#5
|
Ben Sahar played for which team between Jul 2011 and Nov 2011?
|
Ben Sahar Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team . At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season . Early life . Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union member state . As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel . Club career . Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv . Chelsea . Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge . Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton . Queens Park Rangers . Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances . Sheffield Wednesday . After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship . Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship . Portsmouth . On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough . However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself . De Graafschap . Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap . Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games . Espanyol . Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23 September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match . Hapoel Tel Aviv . Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg . Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz . Auxerre . On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell . Hertha BSC . On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen . Arminia Bielefeld . He was on loan to Arminia Bielefeld from January 2014 until June 2014 . Willem II . On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option . Hapoel Beer Sheva . On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years . International career . On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win . On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on 28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 . Honours . Hapoel Tel Aviv - Israel State Cup : 2010–11 Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2012–13 Hapoel Beer Sheva - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016
|
[
"Espanyol",
"Auxerre"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "member state .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances .",
"title": "Queens Park Rangers"
},
{
"text": " After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": " However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": " Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": "September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match .",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": " Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": "Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": " On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell .",
"title": "Auxerre"
},
{
"text": " On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen .",
"title": "Hertha BSC"
},
{
"text": " On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option .",
"title": "Willem II"
},
{
"text": " On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years .",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
},
{
"text": " On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
}
] |
/wiki/Ben_Sahar#P54#6
|
Ben Sahar played for which team between Aug 2013 and Dec 2013?
|
Ben Sahar Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team . At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season . Early life . Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union member state . As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel . Club career . Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv . Chelsea . Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge . Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton . Queens Park Rangers . Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances . Sheffield Wednesday . After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship . Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship . Portsmouth . On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough . However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself . De Graafschap . Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap . Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games . Espanyol . Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23 September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match . Hapoel Tel Aviv . Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg . Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz . Auxerre . On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell . Hertha BSC . On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen . Arminia Bielefeld . He was on loan to Arminia Bielefeld from January 2014 until June 2014 . Willem II . On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option . Hapoel Beer Sheva . On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years . International career . On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win . On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on 28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 . Honours . Hapoel Tel Aviv - Israel State Cup : 2010–11 Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2012–13 Hapoel Beer Sheva - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016
|
[
"Hertha BSC"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ben Sahar ( , changed the Hebrew spelling of his surname from ; born 10 August 1989 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a striker for APOEL , on loan from Hapoel Beer Sheva , and the Israel national team .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "At 16 , Sahar was the equivalent of a second-year apprentice at Chelsea He first caught the eye of Chelsea staff in an Under-16 fixture against Ireland in 2004 . He has since played for the Israeli Under-21 national team and the Israeli national team . Before transferring to Chelsea , he was on the Hapoel Tel Aviv books , and while he was promoted to the first team by the manager Itzhak Shum , he did not feature in any matches , since his transfer was completed before the start of the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Ben Sahar"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was born in Holon , Israel , to a Jewish family . His father is Israeli-born and of Sephardic Jewish ( Tunisian-Jewish ) descent , who works as an electrician , and his mother teaches sports . He grew up in the city of Modiin . Before his transfer to Chelsea F.C. , he received a Polish passport , on account of his Israeli-born mother who is of Ashkenazi Jewish ( Polish-Jewish and Latvian-Jewish ) descent , which made him eligible to play as a non-foreigner in EU leagues including the UK , as Poland is a European Union",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "member state .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " As an Israeli citizen , Sahar was due to return to Israel for a three-year spell of national military service . However , Israeli lawmakers were working on a legislation ( nicknamed The Ben Sahar Law ) that would have allowed Sahar to complete a civil service term in Britain instead . The law did not pass and as a result , Sahar was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces . Under the terms of his military service , he had to visit his military base every time he was on vacation in Israel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Sahar began playing football in his hometown of Modiin , Israel . There , he was enrolled in the Sportop Football Academy , before joining the youth ranks of Hapoel Tel Aviv .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Sahar signed for Chelsea of the English Premier League in May 2006 from Hapoel Tel Aviv for £320,000 , having previously spent a two-month period on trial at Stamford Bridge .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Sahar was called up to the Chelsea first team to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 , and made his debut coming on as a substitute for Salomon Kalou in the 76th minute . Four days later , Sahar came on as a substitute in the 60th minute of Chelseas 1–1 draw with Wycombe Wanderers in the League Cup . He made his Premiership debut on 13 January 2007 , coming off the bench to replace Arjen Robben in the 82nd minute of the match against Wigan Athletic . He later made two additional Premier",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "League substitute appearances for the Blues that season , against Manchester United and Everton .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " Sahar joined then Championship side Queens Park Rangers , on loan , for the beginning of the 2007–08 season , on 26 July 2007 , for an initial three-month period . He followed this up with two goals in a pre-season friendly against Premier League side Fulham , earning Queens Park Rangers a 2–1 win . Following this , his loan-deal was then extended to 2 January 2008 . Sahar suffered numerous injuries during this period and did not manage to score during his nine league appearances .",
"title": "Queens Park Rangers"
},
{
"text": " After Sahar returned from an injury-plagued spell at QPR , Sheffield Wednesday completed the signing of Sahar on an initial one-month loan from Chelsea on 21 February 2008 . This was extended until 19 April , and again until the end of the season on 4 May 2008 . Sahar scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday against Crystal Palace on 22 March 2008 . He followed this up with further strikes against Scunthorpe United and Norwich City . The latter goal was important as it ensured Sheffield Wednesdays survival in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Sahar finished with three goals from 12 appearances for Sheffield Wednesday in his second loan spell in the Championship .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "On 12 June 2008 , it was reported that Sahar was in the Netherlands to discuss another season-long loan with Dutch club NEC Nijmegen . However , according to NEC officials a deal could not be signed with Sahar due to financial issues . Instead he agreed to a six-month loan deal with FA Cup winners Portsmouth , and on 1 July he was officially unveiled as a Portsmouth player . Sahar joined Premier League side Portsmouth on a six-month loan deal on 1 July 2008 , and was given the number 26 shirt . He featured regularly in pre-season",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "for Portsmouth , making seven appearances and scoring against Nigerian Premier League champions Kano Pillars , Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville , and Southern Football League Division One South & West side Gosport Borough .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": " However , Sahar was forced to endure yet another unsuccessful loan spell . Despite being involved in many of Portsmouths pre-season matches , Sahar did not play once for Portsmouth ; he was an unused substitute in three of their matches . If I had played a few games and they said I wasnt good enough , then fine . But the fact is that I havent been given that chance to shine , Sahar said of his disappointment at not being given one opportunity to prove himself .",
"title": "Portsmouth"
},
{
"text": "Sahar joined Eredivisie side De Graafschap on loan on 2 January 2009 . He played for De Graafschap until the end of the season . He played his first match for De Graafschap in a friendly against Turkish club Sivasspor . He scored his first two goals for De Graafschap in a friendly match against Belgian team K.V . Mechelen . He scored his first goal in the Eredivisie on 17 January 2009 in his debut match , against Willem II . After only 17 minutes , Sahar received a pass from Luuk de Jong and then curled the shot",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "into the top corner , after passing a defender in the box . His second goal came in an away game against fellow relegation strugglers , Roda JC . His third goal for De Graafschap came in a home game against SC Heerenveen . In this game , he finished well to score the games first goal with his left foot , after good play from Luuk de Jong . His fourth and fifth goals came in the home game against NEC Nijmegen . Sahar scored a penalty for the opening goal after missing an earlier penalty attempt . He",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "scored his second goal of the match with a close range strike . This match finished in a 2–2 draw . De Graafschap finished second-bottom in the 2008–09 Eredivisie . This meant that they would have to participate in play-offs with teams from the Dutch second division in order to retain their place in the Eredivisie . In their first play-off match against MVV Maastricht , Sahar scored a goal within 60 seconds of the matchs commencement to set up a 3–2 away win for De Graafschap .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": " Sahar finished with five goals and one assist in 16 appearances for De Graafschap in the 2008–09 Eredivisie , and in the relegation playoffs he scored one goal and made two assists in six games , making of a total of six goals and three assists in 22 games .",
"title": "De Graafschap"
},
{
"text": "Sahar moved to Espanyol for a fee of £1million on a four-year deal , after leaving Stamford Bridge in the summer of 2009 . He was presented with the number 14 jersey . On 2 August 2009 , Sahar scored two goals in a friendly match against Liverpool as a substitute , also picking up the man-of-the-match award in a 3–0 win . These were the second and third goals of the match , scored at the clubs inaugural match at their new stadium , the Estadi Cornellà-El Prat . Sahar scored his first league goal for Espanyol on 23",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": "September 2009 , with a header in a 2–1 victory over Málaga ; also his clubs first goal at the stadium in a competitive match .",
"title": "Espanyol"
},
{
"text": " Despite the objections of his agent , Ronen Katzav , on 20 July 2010 , Sahar joined his youth club Hapoel Tel Aviv on a one-year loan . Hapoel Tel Aviv also purchased 10% of the transfer rights for £100,000 . Sahar scored his first goal for Hapoel Tel Aviv against FK Aktobe from Kazakhstan in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round , after a pass from Itay Shechter and scored in the final qualifying round in the away leg versus Red Bull Salzburg .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": "Sahar found great difficulty scoring in the Ligat HaAl upon arrival . Assistant manager , Yossi Abuksis attributed this to a mental difficulty that Sahar created for himself . Sahar came back to Israel as a superstar and the pressures that came with this status were difficult to bear at the start of the season . When Itay Shechter went out with an injury midseason , Sahar capitalized on the increased playing time to create a striking partnership with Toto Tamuz .",
"title": "Hapoel Tel Aviv"
},
{
"text": " On 4 July 2011 , Sahar joined Ligue 1 side Auxerre on a one-year loan . Auxerre had an option to sign Sahar permanently for a fee of €1.5 million which the club did not take advantage of at the end of the players loan spell .",
"title": "Auxerre"
},
{
"text": " On 19 July 2012 , Sahar signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC on a free transfer from Espanyol . He made his league debut for the side on 16 September 2012 , coming on in the 82nd minute in Herthas 2–0 win over VfR Aalen .",
"title": "Hertha BSC"
},
{
"text": " On 21 July 2014 , it was announced that Sahar had signed a one-year deal with an option for another year with Dutch Eredivisie side Willem II . He finished the season with 7 goals , but Willem II decided not to exercise the option .",
"title": "Willem II"
},
{
"text": " On 8 July 2015 , Sahar signed to Hapoel Beer Sheva on a three-year deal . He finished the season with 9 goals contributing to the teams league championship , its first in 40 years .",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
},
{
"text": " On 7 October 2006 , Sahar made his debut for the Israel U-21s in a playoff against France – scoring Israels goal in the away leg which ended 1–1 , on the way to Israels shock qualification to UEFA U-21 Championship 2007 with a 2–1 aggregate win .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 7 February 2007 , at the age of 17-and-a-half , Sahar became the youngest player to ever play for the Israel national football team , in a friendly match against Ukraine ( a feat since surpassed by Gai Assulin ) . In doing so , he became Chelseas youngest player to earn an international cap . He earned his second cap against England on 24 March 2007 , coming on as a substitute in the 69th minute . Sahar became the youngest player to score for the Israel national football team in his third appearance with the team on",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "28 March 2007 , scoring two goals against Estonia as a substitute in Israels 4–0 win . This was the youngest international goal scored by a Chelsea player . Sahar scored his third international goal on 6 September 2008 , with an equaliser in the 90th minute against Switzerland in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier , following up with his fourth and fifth international goals a year later in the 2010 World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg on 9 September 2009 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Israeli Premier League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - Israel State Cup : 2019–20 - Toto Cup : 2016–17 - Israel Super Cup : 2016",
"title": "Hapoel Beer Sheva"
}
] |
/wiki/Detection_Club#P488#0
|
Who was the head of Detection Club before Feb 1934?
|
Detection Club The Detection Club was formed in 1930 by a group of British mystery writers , including Agatha Christie , Dorothy L . Sayers , Ronald Knox , Freeman Wills Crofts , Arthur Morrison , Hugh Walpole , John Rhode , Jessie Rickard , Baroness Emma Orczy , R . Austin Freeman , G . D . H . Cole , Margaret Cole , E . C . Bentley , Henry Wade , Constance Lindsay Taylor and H . C . Bailey . Anthony Berkeley was instrumental in setting up the club , and the first president was G . K . Chesterton . There was a fanciful initiation ritual with an oath probably written by either Chesterton or Sayers , and the club held regular dinner meetings in London . Guidelines . In addition to meeting for dinners and helping each other with technical aspects in their individual writings , the members of the club agreed to adhere to Knoxs Commandments in their writing to give the reader a fair chance at guessing the guilty party . These fair-play rules were summarised by one of the members , Ronald Knox , in an introduction to an anthology of detective stories . They were never intended as more than guidelines , and not all the members took them seriously . The first American member ( though then living in the UK ) was John Dickson Carr , elected in 1936 . The club continues to exist , although the fair-play rules have been considerably relaxed . A number of works were published under the clubs sponsorship ; most of these were written by multiple members of the club , each contributing one or more chapters in turn . In the case of The Floating Admiral , each author also provided a sealed solution to the mystery as he or she had written it , including the previous chapters . This was done to prevent a writer from adding impossible complications with no reasonable solution in mind . The various partial solutions were published as part of the final book . The oath . Do you promise that your detectives shall well and truly detect the crimes presented to them using those wits which it may please you to bestow upon them and not placing reliance on nor making use of Divine Revelation , Feminine Intuition , Mumbo Jumbo , Jiggery-Pokery , Coincidence , or Act of God ? Presidents . - G . K . Chesterton ( 1930–1936 ) - E . C . Bentley ( 1936–1949 ) - Dorothy L . Sayers ( 1949–1957 ) - Agatha Christie ( 1957–1976 ) - Lord Gorell ( 1957–1963 ) - Julian Symons ( 1976–1985 ) - H . R . F . Keating ( 1985–2000 ) - Simon Brett ( 2000–2015 ) - Martin Edwards ( 2015– ) Lord Gorell shared the presidency with Agatha Christie , who only agreed to accept the role if a co-president was appointed to conduct the clubs proceedings . Publications . - The Scoop and Behind the Screen ( 1931 , round-robin novellas ) - The Floating Admiral ( 1931,1932 , round-robin novel ) - Ask a Policeman ( 1933 ) - The Anatomy of a Murder ( 1936 ) ( US title The Anatomy of Murder ( New York , Macmillan , 1937 ) True crime essays - Detection Medley ( 1939 ; US title , Line-Up , 1940 ; short stories , some original , some reprints ; edited by John Rhode ) - Mystery Playhouse presents The Detection Club ( January 1948 ) ; six 30 minute radio plays by club members on BBC Light Programme written in aid of club funds - No Flowers By Request ( round-robin novella , 1953 ) - Verdict of Thirteen ( 1978 ; original short stories , edited by Julian Symons , published by Faber and by Harper & Row ) - The Man Who.. . ( 1992 ) ; original short stories in honor of Julian Symonss 80th birthday , edited by H . R . F . Keating , published by Macmillan ] ) - The Detection Collection ( 2005 ; original short stories in recognition of the Clubs 75th anniversary , edited by Simon Brett , published by Orion and by St . Martin;s ( 2006 ) ) - The Verdict of Us All ( 2006 ; original short stories in honor of H . R . F . Keatings 80th birthday , edited by Peter Lovesey , published by Crippen & Landru and Allison & Busby ) - The Sinking Admiral ( 2016 , round-robin novel , published by Collins Crime Club ) - Motives for Murder ( 2016 ; original short stories in honor of Peter Loveseys 80th birthday , edited by Martin Edwards , published by Crippen & Landru and by Sphere ( Little , Brown Book Group ) . - Howdunit : A Masterclass in Crime Writing by Members of the Detection Club ( 2020 ; edited by Martin Edwards , published by Collins Crime Club ) . Further reading . - Edwards , Martin . The Golden Age of Murder : The Mystery of the Writers Who Invented the Modern Detective Story . London : HarperCollins , 2015 . External links . - Detection Club : list of publications - Detection Club admission ceremony and oath - List of members
|
[
"G . K . Chesterton"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Detection Club was formed in 1930 by a group of British mystery writers , including Agatha Christie , Dorothy L . Sayers , Ronald Knox , Freeman Wills Crofts , Arthur Morrison , Hugh Walpole , John Rhode , Jessie Rickard , Baroness Emma Orczy , R . Austin Freeman , G . D . H . Cole , Margaret Cole , E . C . Bentley , Henry Wade , Constance Lindsay Taylor and H . C . Bailey . Anthony Berkeley was instrumental in setting up the club , and the first president was G . K",
"title": "Detection Club"
},
{
"text": ". Chesterton . There was a fanciful initiation ritual with an oath probably written by either Chesterton or Sayers , and the club held regular dinner meetings in London .",
"title": "Detection Club"
},
{
"text": "In addition to meeting for dinners and helping each other with technical aspects in their individual writings , the members of the club agreed to adhere to Knoxs Commandments in their writing to give the reader a fair chance at guessing the guilty party . These fair-play rules were summarised by one of the members , Ronald Knox , in an introduction to an anthology of detective stories . They were never intended as more than guidelines , and not all the members took them seriously . The first American member ( though then living in the UK ) was",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": "John Dickson Carr , elected in 1936 .",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": " The club continues to exist , although the fair-play rules have been considerably relaxed .",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": "A number of works were published under the clubs sponsorship ; most of these were written by multiple members of the club , each contributing one or more chapters in turn . In the case of The Floating Admiral , each author also provided a sealed solution to the mystery as he or she had written it , including the previous chapters . This was done to prevent a writer from adding impossible complications with no reasonable solution in mind . The various partial solutions were published as part of the final book .",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": " Do you promise that your detectives shall well and truly detect the crimes presented to them using those wits which it may please you to bestow upon them and not placing reliance on nor making use of Divine Revelation , Feminine Intuition , Mumbo Jumbo , Jiggery-Pokery , Coincidence , or Act of God ?",
"title": "The oath"
},
{
"text": " - G . K . Chesterton ( 1930–1936 ) - E . C . Bentley ( 1936–1949 ) - Dorothy L . Sayers ( 1949–1957 ) - Agatha Christie ( 1957–1976 ) - Lord Gorell ( 1957–1963 ) - Julian Symons ( 1976–1985 ) - H . R . F . Keating ( 1985–2000 ) - Simon Brett ( 2000–2015 ) - Martin Edwards ( 2015– ) Lord Gorell shared the presidency with Agatha Christie , who only agreed to accept the role if a co-president was appointed to conduct the clubs proceedings .",
"title": "Presidents"
},
{
"text": " - The Scoop and Behind the Screen ( 1931 , round-robin novellas ) - The Floating Admiral ( 1931,1932 , round-robin novel ) - Ask a Policeman ( 1933 ) - The Anatomy of a Murder ( 1936 ) ( US title The Anatomy of Murder ( New York , Macmillan , 1937 ) True crime essays - Detection Medley ( 1939 ; US title , Line-Up , 1940 ; short stories , some original , some reprints ; edited by John Rhode )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Mystery Playhouse presents The Detection Club ( January 1948 ) ; six 30 minute radio plays by club members on BBC Light Programme written in aid of club funds",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - No Flowers By Request ( round-robin novella , 1953 ) - Verdict of Thirteen ( 1978 ; original short stories , edited by Julian Symons , published by Faber and by Harper & Row ) - The Man Who.. . ( 1992 ) ; original short stories in honor of Julian Symonss 80th birthday , edited by H . R . F . Keating , published by Macmillan ] )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- The Detection Collection ( 2005 ; original short stories in recognition of the Clubs 75th anniversary , edited by Simon Brett , published by Orion and by St . Martin;s ( 2006 ) )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - The Verdict of Us All ( 2006 ; original short stories in honor of H . R . F . Keatings 80th birthday , edited by Peter Lovesey , published by Crippen & Landru and Allison & Busby ) - The Sinking Admiral ( 2016 , round-robin novel , published by Collins Crime Club ) - Motives for Murder ( 2016 ; original short stories in honor of Peter Loveseys 80th birthday , edited by Martin Edwards , published by Crippen & Landru and by Sphere ( Little , Brown Book Group ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Howdunit : A Masterclass in Crime Writing by Members of the Detection Club ( 2020 ; edited by Martin Edwards , published by Collins Crime Club ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Edwards , Martin . The Golden Age of Murder : The Mystery of the Writers Who Invented the Modern Detective Story . London : HarperCollins , 2015 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Detection Club : list of publications - Detection Club admission ceremony and oath - List of members",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Detection_Club#P488#1
|
Who was the head of Detection Club between Feb 1945 and Sep 1946?
|
Detection Club The Detection Club was formed in 1930 by a group of British mystery writers , including Agatha Christie , Dorothy L . Sayers , Ronald Knox , Freeman Wills Crofts , Arthur Morrison , Hugh Walpole , John Rhode , Jessie Rickard , Baroness Emma Orczy , R . Austin Freeman , G . D . H . Cole , Margaret Cole , E . C . Bentley , Henry Wade , Constance Lindsay Taylor and H . C . Bailey . Anthony Berkeley was instrumental in setting up the club , and the first president was G . K . Chesterton . There was a fanciful initiation ritual with an oath probably written by either Chesterton or Sayers , and the club held regular dinner meetings in London . Guidelines . In addition to meeting for dinners and helping each other with technical aspects in their individual writings , the members of the club agreed to adhere to Knoxs Commandments in their writing to give the reader a fair chance at guessing the guilty party . These fair-play rules were summarised by one of the members , Ronald Knox , in an introduction to an anthology of detective stories . They were never intended as more than guidelines , and not all the members took them seriously . The first American member ( though then living in the UK ) was John Dickson Carr , elected in 1936 . The club continues to exist , although the fair-play rules have been considerably relaxed . A number of works were published under the clubs sponsorship ; most of these were written by multiple members of the club , each contributing one or more chapters in turn . In the case of The Floating Admiral , each author also provided a sealed solution to the mystery as he or she had written it , including the previous chapters . This was done to prevent a writer from adding impossible complications with no reasonable solution in mind . The various partial solutions were published as part of the final book . The oath . Do you promise that your detectives shall well and truly detect the crimes presented to them using those wits which it may please you to bestow upon them and not placing reliance on nor making use of Divine Revelation , Feminine Intuition , Mumbo Jumbo , Jiggery-Pokery , Coincidence , or Act of God ? Presidents . - G . K . Chesterton ( 1930–1936 ) - E . C . Bentley ( 1936–1949 ) - Dorothy L . Sayers ( 1949–1957 ) - Agatha Christie ( 1957–1976 ) - Lord Gorell ( 1957–1963 ) - Julian Symons ( 1976–1985 ) - H . R . F . Keating ( 1985–2000 ) - Simon Brett ( 2000–2015 ) - Martin Edwards ( 2015– ) Lord Gorell shared the presidency with Agatha Christie , who only agreed to accept the role if a co-president was appointed to conduct the clubs proceedings . Publications . - The Scoop and Behind the Screen ( 1931 , round-robin novellas ) - The Floating Admiral ( 1931,1932 , round-robin novel ) - Ask a Policeman ( 1933 ) - The Anatomy of a Murder ( 1936 ) ( US title The Anatomy of Murder ( New York , Macmillan , 1937 ) True crime essays - Detection Medley ( 1939 ; US title , Line-Up , 1940 ; short stories , some original , some reprints ; edited by John Rhode ) - Mystery Playhouse presents The Detection Club ( January 1948 ) ; six 30 minute radio plays by club members on BBC Light Programme written in aid of club funds - No Flowers By Request ( round-robin novella , 1953 ) - Verdict of Thirteen ( 1978 ; original short stories , edited by Julian Symons , published by Faber and by Harper & Row ) - The Man Who.. . ( 1992 ) ; original short stories in honor of Julian Symonss 80th birthday , edited by H . R . F . Keating , published by Macmillan ] ) - The Detection Collection ( 2005 ; original short stories in recognition of the Clubs 75th anniversary , edited by Simon Brett , published by Orion and by St . Martin;s ( 2006 ) ) - The Verdict of Us All ( 2006 ; original short stories in honor of H . R . F . Keatings 80th birthday , edited by Peter Lovesey , published by Crippen & Landru and Allison & Busby ) - The Sinking Admiral ( 2016 , round-robin novel , published by Collins Crime Club ) - Motives for Murder ( 2016 ; original short stories in honor of Peter Loveseys 80th birthday , edited by Martin Edwards , published by Crippen & Landru and by Sphere ( Little , Brown Book Group ) . - Howdunit : A Masterclass in Crime Writing by Members of the Detection Club ( 2020 ; edited by Martin Edwards , published by Collins Crime Club ) . Further reading . - Edwards , Martin . The Golden Age of Murder : The Mystery of the Writers Who Invented the Modern Detective Story . London : HarperCollins , 2015 . External links . - Detection Club : list of publications - Detection Club admission ceremony and oath - List of members
|
[
"E . C . Bentley"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Detection Club was formed in 1930 by a group of British mystery writers , including Agatha Christie , Dorothy L . Sayers , Ronald Knox , Freeman Wills Crofts , Arthur Morrison , Hugh Walpole , John Rhode , Jessie Rickard , Baroness Emma Orczy , R . Austin Freeman , G . D . H . Cole , Margaret Cole , E . C . Bentley , Henry Wade , Constance Lindsay Taylor and H . C . Bailey . Anthony Berkeley was instrumental in setting up the club , and the first president was G . K",
"title": "Detection Club"
},
{
"text": ". Chesterton . There was a fanciful initiation ritual with an oath probably written by either Chesterton or Sayers , and the club held regular dinner meetings in London .",
"title": "Detection Club"
},
{
"text": "In addition to meeting for dinners and helping each other with technical aspects in their individual writings , the members of the club agreed to adhere to Knoxs Commandments in their writing to give the reader a fair chance at guessing the guilty party . These fair-play rules were summarised by one of the members , Ronald Knox , in an introduction to an anthology of detective stories . They were never intended as more than guidelines , and not all the members took them seriously . The first American member ( though then living in the UK ) was",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": "John Dickson Carr , elected in 1936 .",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": " The club continues to exist , although the fair-play rules have been considerably relaxed .",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": "A number of works were published under the clubs sponsorship ; most of these were written by multiple members of the club , each contributing one or more chapters in turn . In the case of The Floating Admiral , each author also provided a sealed solution to the mystery as he or she had written it , including the previous chapters . This was done to prevent a writer from adding impossible complications with no reasonable solution in mind . The various partial solutions were published as part of the final book .",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": " Do you promise that your detectives shall well and truly detect the crimes presented to them using those wits which it may please you to bestow upon them and not placing reliance on nor making use of Divine Revelation , Feminine Intuition , Mumbo Jumbo , Jiggery-Pokery , Coincidence , or Act of God ?",
"title": "The oath"
},
{
"text": " - G . K . Chesterton ( 1930–1936 ) - E . C . Bentley ( 1936–1949 ) - Dorothy L . Sayers ( 1949–1957 ) - Agatha Christie ( 1957–1976 ) - Lord Gorell ( 1957–1963 ) - Julian Symons ( 1976–1985 ) - H . R . F . Keating ( 1985–2000 ) - Simon Brett ( 2000–2015 ) - Martin Edwards ( 2015– ) Lord Gorell shared the presidency with Agatha Christie , who only agreed to accept the role if a co-president was appointed to conduct the clubs proceedings .",
"title": "Presidents"
},
{
"text": " - The Scoop and Behind the Screen ( 1931 , round-robin novellas ) - The Floating Admiral ( 1931,1932 , round-robin novel ) - Ask a Policeman ( 1933 ) - The Anatomy of a Murder ( 1936 ) ( US title The Anatomy of Murder ( New York , Macmillan , 1937 ) True crime essays - Detection Medley ( 1939 ; US title , Line-Up , 1940 ; short stories , some original , some reprints ; edited by John Rhode )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Mystery Playhouse presents The Detection Club ( January 1948 ) ; six 30 minute radio plays by club members on BBC Light Programme written in aid of club funds",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - No Flowers By Request ( round-robin novella , 1953 ) - Verdict of Thirteen ( 1978 ; original short stories , edited by Julian Symons , published by Faber and by Harper & Row ) - The Man Who.. . ( 1992 ) ; original short stories in honor of Julian Symonss 80th birthday , edited by H . R . F . Keating , published by Macmillan ] )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- The Detection Collection ( 2005 ; original short stories in recognition of the Clubs 75th anniversary , edited by Simon Brett , published by Orion and by St . Martin;s ( 2006 ) )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - The Verdict of Us All ( 2006 ; original short stories in honor of H . R . F . Keatings 80th birthday , edited by Peter Lovesey , published by Crippen & Landru and Allison & Busby ) - The Sinking Admiral ( 2016 , round-robin novel , published by Collins Crime Club ) - Motives for Murder ( 2016 ; original short stories in honor of Peter Loveseys 80th birthday , edited by Martin Edwards , published by Crippen & Landru and by Sphere ( Little , Brown Book Group ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Howdunit : A Masterclass in Crime Writing by Members of the Detection Club ( 2020 ; edited by Martin Edwards , published by Collins Crime Club ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Edwards , Martin . The Golden Age of Murder : The Mystery of the Writers Who Invented the Modern Detective Story . London : HarperCollins , 2015 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Detection Club : list of publications - Detection Club admission ceremony and oath - List of members",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Detection_Club#P488#2
|
Who was the head of Detection Club between Jan 1951 and May 1952?
|
Detection Club The Detection Club was formed in 1930 by a group of British mystery writers , including Agatha Christie , Dorothy L . Sayers , Ronald Knox , Freeman Wills Crofts , Arthur Morrison , Hugh Walpole , John Rhode , Jessie Rickard , Baroness Emma Orczy , R . Austin Freeman , G . D . H . Cole , Margaret Cole , E . C . Bentley , Henry Wade , Constance Lindsay Taylor and H . C . Bailey . Anthony Berkeley was instrumental in setting up the club , and the first president was G . K . Chesterton . There was a fanciful initiation ritual with an oath probably written by either Chesterton or Sayers , and the club held regular dinner meetings in London . Guidelines . In addition to meeting for dinners and helping each other with technical aspects in their individual writings , the members of the club agreed to adhere to Knoxs Commandments in their writing to give the reader a fair chance at guessing the guilty party . These fair-play rules were summarised by one of the members , Ronald Knox , in an introduction to an anthology of detective stories . They were never intended as more than guidelines , and not all the members took them seriously . The first American member ( though then living in the UK ) was John Dickson Carr , elected in 1936 . The club continues to exist , although the fair-play rules have been considerably relaxed . A number of works were published under the clubs sponsorship ; most of these were written by multiple members of the club , each contributing one or more chapters in turn . In the case of The Floating Admiral , each author also provided a sealed solution to the mystery as he or she had written it , including the previous chapters . This was done to prevent a writer from adding impossible complications with no reasonable solution in mind . The various partial solutions were published as part of the final book . The oath . Do you promise that your detectives shall well and truly detect the crimes presented to them using those wits which it may please you to bestow upon them and not placing reliance on nor making use of Divine Revelation , Feminine Intuition , Mumbo Jumbo , Jiggery-Pokery , Coincidence , or Act of God ? Presidents . - G . K . Chesterton ( 1930–1936 ) - E . C . Bentley ( 1936–1949 ) - Dorothy L . Sayers ( 1949–1957 ) - Agatha Christie ( 1957–1976 ) - Lord Gorell ( 1957–1963 ) - Julian Symons ( 1976–1985 ) - H . R . F . Keating ( 1985–2000 ) - Simon Brett ( 2000–2015 ) - Martin Edwards ( 2015– ) Lord Gorell shared the presidency with Agatha Christie , who only agreed to accept the role if a co-president was appointed to conduct the clubs proceedings . Publications . - The Scoop and Behind the Screen ( 1931 , round-robin novellas ) - The Floating Admiral ( 1931,1932 , round-robin novel ) - Ask a Policeman ( 1933 ) - The Anatomy of a Murder ( 1936 ) ( US title The Anatomy of Murder ( New York , Macmillan , 1937 ) True crime essays - Detection Medley ( 1939 ; US title , Line-Up , 1940 ; short stories , some original , some reprints ; edited by John Rhode ) - Mystery Playhouse presents The Detection Club ( January 1948 ) ; six 30 minute radio plays by club members on BBC Light Programme written in aid of club funds - No Flowers By Request ( round-robin novella , 1953 ) - Verdict of Thirteen ( 1978 ; original short stories , edited by Julian Symons , published by Faber and by Harper & Row ) - The Man Who.. . ( 1992 ) ; original short stories in honor of Julian Symonss 80th birthday , edited by H . R . F . Keating , published by Macmillan ] ) - The Detection Collection ( 2005 ; original short stories in recognition of the Clubs 75th anniversary , edited by Simon Brett , published by Orion and by St . Martin;s ( 2006 ) ) - The Verdict of Us All ( 2006 ; original short stories in honor of H . R . F . Keatings 80th birthday , edited by Peter Lovesey , published by Crippen & Landru and Allison & Busby ) - The Sinking Admiral ( 2016 , round-robin novel , published by Collins Crime Club ) - Motives for Murder ( 2016 ; original short stories in honor of Peter Loveseys 80th birthday , edited by Martin Edwards , published by Crippen & Landru and by Sphere ( Little , Brown Book Group ) . - Howdunit : A Masterclass in Crime Writing by Members of the Detection Club ( 2020 ; edited by Martin Edwards , published by Collins Crime Club ) . Further reading . - Edwards , Martin . The Golden Age of Murder : The Mystery of the Writers Who Invented the Modern Detective Story . London : HarperCollins , 2015 . External links . - Detection Club : list of publications - Detection Club admission ceremony and oath - List of members
|
[
"Dorothy L . Sayers"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Detection Club was formed in 1930 by a group of British mystery writers , including Agatha Christie , Dorothy L . Sayers , Ronald Knox , Freeman Wills Crofts , Arthur Morrison , Hugh Walpole , John Rhode , Jessie Rickard , Baroness Emma Orczy , R . Austin Freeman , G . D . H . Cole , Margaret Cole , E . C . Bentley , Henry Wade , Constance Lindsay Taylor and H . C . Bailey . Anthony Berkeley was instrumental in setting up the club , and the first president was G . K",
"title": "Detection Club"
},
{
"text": ". Chesterton . There was a fanciful initiation ritual with an oath probably written by either Chesterton or Sayers , and the club held regular dinner meetings in London .",
"title": "Detection Club"
},
{
"text": "In addition to meeting for dinners and helping each other with technical aspects in their individual writings , the members of the club agreed to adhere to Knoxs Commandments in their writing to give the reader a fair chance at guessing the guilty party . These fair-play rules were summarised by one of the members , Ronald Knox , in an introduction to an anthology of detective stories . They were never intended as more than guidelines , and not all the members took them seriously . The first American member ( though then living in the UK ) was",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": "John Dickson Carr , elected in 1936 .",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": " The club continues to exist , although the fair-play rules have been considerably relaxed .",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": "A number of works were published under the clubs sponsorship ; most of these were written by multiple members of the club , each contributing one or more chapters in turn . In the case of The Floating Admiral , each author also provided a sealed solution to the mystery as he or she had written it , including the previous chapters . This was done to prevent a writer from adding impossible complications with no reasonable solution in mind . The various partial solutions were published as part of the final book .",
"title": "Guidelines"
},
{
"text": " Do you promise that your detectives shall well and truly detect the crimes presented to them using those wits which it may please you to bestow upon them and not placing reliance on nor making use of Divine Revelation , Feminine Intuition , Mumbo Jumbo , Jiggery-Pokery , Coincidence , or Act of God ?",
"title": "The oath"
},
{
"text": " - G . K . Chesterton ( 1930–1936 ) - E . C . Bentley ( 1936–1949 ) - Dorothy L . Sayers ( 1949–1957 ) - Agatha Christie ( 1957–1976 ) - Lord Gorell ( 1957–1963 ) - Julian Symons ( 1976–1985 ) - H . R . F . Keating ( 1985–2000 ) - Simon Brett ( 2000–2015 ) - Martin Edwards ( 2015– ) Lord Gorell shared the presidency with Agatha Christie , who only agreed to accept the role if a co-president was appointed to conduct the clubs proceedings .",
"title": "Presidents"
},
{
"text": " - The Scoop and Behind the Screen ( 1931 , round-robin novellas ) - The Floating Admiral ( 1931,1932 , round-robin novel ) - Ask a Policeman ( 1933 ) - The Anatomy of a Murder ( 1936 ) ( US title The Anatomy of Murder ( New York , Macmillan , 1937 ) True crime essays - Detection Medley ( 1939 ; US title , Line-Up , 1940 ; short stories , some original , some reprints ; edited by John Rhode )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Mystery Playhouse presents The Detection Club ( January 1948 ) ; six 30 minute radio plays by club members on BBC Light Programme written in aid of club funds",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - No Flowers By Request ( round-robin novella , 1953 ) - Verdict of Thirteen ( 1978 ; original short stories , edited by Julian Symons , published by Faber and by Harper & Row ) - The Man Who.. . ( 1992 ) ; original short stories in honor of Julian Symonss 80th birthday , edited by H . R . F . Keating , published by Macmillan ] )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- The Detection Collection ( 2005 ; original short stories in recognition of the Clubs 75th anniversary , edited by Simon Brett , published by Orion and by St . Martin;s ( 2006 ) )",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - The Verdict of Us All ( 2006 ; original short stories in honor of H . R . F . Keatings 80th birthday , edited by Peter Lovesey , published by Crippen & Landru and Allison & Busby ) - The Sinking Admiral ( 2016 , round-robin novel , published by Collins Crime Club ) - Motives for Murder ( 2016 ; original short stories in honor of Peter Loveseys 80th birthday , edited by Martin Edwards , published by Crippen & Landru and by Sphere ( Little , Brown Book Group ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Howdunit : A Masterclass in Crime Writing by Members of the Detection Club ( 2020 ; edited by Martin Edwards , published by Collins Crime Club ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Edwards , Martin . The Golden Age of Murder : The Mystery of the Writers Who Invented the Modern Detective Story . London : HarperCollins , 2015 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Detection Club : list of publications - Detection Club admission ceremony and oath - List of members",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Norbert_Röttgen#P39#0
|
What was the position of Norbert Röttgen in Jul 1996?
|
Norbert Röttgen Norbert Röttgen ( born 2 July 1965 ) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . He was Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2009 to May 2012 . Early life and education . Röttgen graduated from the Gymnasium of Rheinbach . After completing his Abitur , he started to study law at the University of Bonn in 1984 . He passed his first law examination in 1989 , his second examination in 1993 and practised as a lawyer in Cologne . He obtained a legal doctorate from the University of Bonn in 2001 ; his doctoral thesis was on the Court of Justice of the European Union . Political career . Röttgen joined the CDU in 1982 while he was still a high-school student . From 1992 until 1996 , he served as the chair of the Junge Union , the youth organisation of CDU , in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia . Röttgen was elected to the Bundestag in 1994 . From 2002 until 2005 he served as the legal policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group . During the First Merkel cabinet ( 2005–2009 ) , a grand coalition of the CDU/CSU and SPD , he served as the Chief Parliamentary Secretary of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag until 2009 . In this capacity , he worked closely with the SPD parliamentary floor manager Olaf Scholz to manage and defend the coalition government in parliament . He also served as member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel ( PKGr ) , which provides parliamentary oversight of Germanys intelligence services—BND , MAD and BfV . Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , 2009–2011 . Following the 2009 federal election , Röttgen was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the FDP on a coalition agreement ; he joined the working group on economic affairs and energy policy , led by Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg ( CSU ) and Rainer Brüderle ( FDP ) . From 28 October 2009 , Röttgen was the Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the Second Merkel cabinet . He also served as a member of the Board of Supervisory Directors at KfW from 28 October 2009 to 22 May 2012 . From November 2010 , he was one of the four deputy chairs of the CDU in Germany , as well as the chair of the CDU in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . At the time , he was often mentioned as a potential successor to Merkel as chancellor . Röttgen , in his capacity as environment minister , led the German delegations to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen , the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún and the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban , respectively . In May 2011 , Röttgen announced his governments plans to shut all of the nations nuclear power plants by 2022 . The decision was based on recommendations of an expert commission appointed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster . Later that year , he teamed up with the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) in launching the Bonn Challenge , calling for 150 million hectares of forest – an area four times larger than Germany – to be reforested by 2020 ; the Bonn Challenge was later endorsed at the 2014 UN Climate Summit and supplemented by the New York Declaration on Forests , which calls for an end to deforestation by 2030 . Following the dissolution of the states Landtag on 14 March 2012 , Röttgen confirmed his intention to run in the subsequent election as the CDUs candidate for the office of Minister-President against the incumbent , Hannelore Kraft of the SPD . Röttgen ran against the debt-financed spending supported by Kraft , and even described the vote as a referendum on Merkels Europe policies . However , he was widely seen as having failed to commit himself whole-heartedly to state politics , refusing to promise that if he lost the election he would nonetheless lead the opposition in North Rhine-Westphalia ; 59 percent of respondents to an FG Wahlen poll said his refusal to commit to the state damaged the CDU . Following the election defeat of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia by a margin almost three times more than was predicted in polls , Röttgen resigned his position as head of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia . On 16 May 2012 , Chancellor Merkel fired him under Article 64 of the German Basic Law as Minister for Environment ; Peter Altmaier replaced him , while Armin Laschet took the post of party head in the land . Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs . Since 2014 , Röttgen has been the chairman of the Bundestags Committee on Foreign Affairs . In addition to his committee assignments , he is a member of the German-Swiss Parliamentary Friendship Group . In February 2014 , Röttgen accompanied German President Joachim Gauck on a state visit to India – where they met with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi , among others – and Myanmar . Shortly after the referendum on the status of Crimea held on 16 March 2014 , he and his counterparts of the Weimar Triangle parliaments – Elisabeth Guigou of France and Grzegorz Schetyna of Poland – visited Kyiv to express their countries’ firm support of the territorial integrity and the European integration of Ukraine . This was the first time that parliamentarians of the Weimar Triangle had ever made a joint trip to a third country . Together with President of the Bundestag Wolfgang Schäuble , Röttgen represented Germany at the funeral of U.S . Senator John McCain in 2018 . In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections , Röttgen was part of the working group on foreign policy , led by Ursula von der Leyen , Gerd Müller and Sigmar Gabriel . In 2020 , following the resignation of CDU chairwoman Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer , Röttgen announced his candidacy for the party leadership ; this made him the first official contender in the election . Political views . European integration . In 2011 , Röttgen called for the direct elections of the President of the European Commission , a bicameral political system for the EU , and simultaneous parliamentary elections across the EU . Following the 2016 referendum on European Union membership in the United Kingdom , Röttgen co-authored a paper with Jean Pisani-Ferry , André Sapir , Paul Tucker and Guntram Wolff which lays out a proposal of a continental partnership between the EU and the UK . According to the paper , such a partnership would grant Britain some control over labor mobility while preserving free movement of capital , goods and services . Relations with Russia . Röttgen is considered as an advocate of a more assertive German foreign policy . In an editorial for the Financial Times in March 2014 , he argued that the only people who seemed not to realize that Germany was at the center of the Crimean crisis were the Germans themselves . When Russian state-run energy group Gazprom conducted an asset swap with its long-term German partner BASF , under which it increased its stake in Wingas , Röttgen raised concerns about the deal . In his opinion , expanding Gazprom activities in Germany are deepening our dependence on Russia . In late 2015 , Röttgen called for a review of the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline , saying it was a highly-political subject which carried the risk of splitting Europe and may contradict the aims of the agreed European energy policy . Röttgen supported the European Union leaders decision to impose sanctions on 21 individuals after the referendum in Crimea that paved the way for Putin to annex the region from Ukraine . By August 2014 , he demanded that Europe respond to the escalation of violence in Ukraine by agreeing to further sanctions against Russia , saying that [ a ] ny hesitation would be seen by [ Russian President Vladimir ] Putin as European weakness that would encourage him to keep going . However , he ruled out a U.S . proposal to arm Ukraine against Russia , calling it a grave mistake which not only would [ give ] Putin a pretext to expand the war beyond eastern Ukraine , it would also serve his other goal to divide the West wherever he can . Relations with the Middle East . Amid the debate on sending military assistance to the Iraqi government following a dramatic push by Islamic State militants through northern Iraq in mid-2014 , Röttgen told newspaper Die Welt that delivering weapons would violate the governments arms export guidelines . In 2016 , Röttgen was quoted by Der Spiegel as saying that Germany might end its unconditional support for Israel due to increasing frustration with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahus policies . Israels current policies are not contributing to the country remaining Jewish and democratic , Röttgen was quoted as saying . We must express this concern more clearly to Israel . In 2019 , Röttgen warned that Germany would alienate its European partners if it continued to insist on maintaining a temporary moratorium on arms deliveries to Saudi Arabia . Relations with Iran . In March 2014 , Röttgen was part of a delegation of the European Council of Foreign Relations to Tehran , Iran . In an open letter published in prominent newspapers across Europe – including El Mundo , Corriere della Sera , Svenska Dagbladet , Tagesspiegel , and The Guardian – on 5 November 2014 , he joined Javier Solana , Ana Palacio , Carl Bildt , Emma Bonino , Jean-Marie Guéhenno and Robert Cooper in urging the EU3+3 countries ( the UK , Germany and France and the US , China and Russia ) and Iran to reach agreement on a comprehensive nuclear deal , arguing that there may never again be an opportunity as good as this one to seal a final nuclear deal . Relations with Turkey . In a speech to parliament in April 2015 , Röttgen urged his fellow parliamentarians to call the killing of hundreds of thousands of Armenians under Turkish rule in 1915 genocidal and to acknowledge that German actions at the time were partly to blame , adding that this recognition was overdue . After the 2017 constitutional referendum that handed new powers to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , Herrmann demanded that EU accession talks for Turkey should be ended , not paused . Climate change and the environment . Following the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference , Röttgen sharply criticized both U.S . President Barack Obama and Chinas leadership when he said : China doesnt want to lead , and the U.S . cannot lead . Writing in the Financial Times in 2010 , he joined British Energy Minister Chris Huhne and French Ecology Minister Jean-Louis Borloo in urging the European Union to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent from the originally established 20 percent target by 2020 . Both Angela Merkel and Röttgen , the chief architects of the governments energy transition plan , are thought to have pushed for a rapid nuclear phase-out with a view to raising the prospects for a possible future national coalition with the Green Party . In 2012 , Roettgens plan to cut subsidies for solar power drew fire from opposition parties and the photovoltaic industry , which said the move threatened thousands of jobs in what was then the worlds biggest solar market by installed capacity . Relations with the African continent . Röttgen has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent , such as in Somalia – both Operation Atalanta and EUTM Somalia – ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2015 ) , Darfur/Sudan ( 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , South Sudan ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , Mali ( 2013 and 2014 ) , the Central African Republic ( 2014 ) and Liberia ( 2015 ) . He abstained from the votes on extending the mandates for Operation Atalanta in 2009 and 2010 as well as on EUTM Somalia in 2016 . Relations with China . After European ambassadors wrote an open letter , praising 45 years of Sino-European relations , they found that China Daily , which is a state-controlled media outlet , refused to publish unless it was significantly changed . In particular , that references to the origins of Coronavirus disease 2019 coming from China be removed . The Europeans quickly accommodated this request . As the head of the German parliaments foreign affairs committee , Röttgen criticised the European back-pedalling:I am shocked not once but twice : First the EU ambassadors generously adopt Chinese narratives and then on top of that the EU representation accepts Chinese censorship of the joint op-ed . Speaking with one voice is important , but it has to reflect our shared European values and interests . In a joint letter initiated by Röttgen and Anthony Gonzalez ahead of the 47th G7 summit in 2021 , some 70 legislators from Europe and the US called upon their leaders to take a tough stance on China and to avoid becoming dependent on the country for technology including artificial intelligence and 5G . Other activities . Corporate boards . - KfW , Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors ( 2009–2012 ) Non-profit organizations . - Club of Three , President of the Steering Group ( since 2019 ) - Atlantik-Brücke , Deputy chairman of the board ( since 2019 ) - European Council on Foreign Relations ( ECFR ) , Co-Chair ( since 2019 ) - Development and Peace Foundation ( SEF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2019 ) - [ [ Hertie School of Governance ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2008 ) - Asia House , Member of the Advisory Board - [ [ Humanity in Action ] ] Germany , Member of the Advisory Board - [ [ CARE ( relief agency ) |CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - German Industry Initiative for Energy Efficiency ( DENEFF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees - Jacques Delors Institute Berlin , Chairman of the Advisory Board - [ [ Konrad Adenauer Foundation ] ] , Member - [ [ Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - Stiftung Neue Verantwortung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Turkey : Culture of Change Initiative ( TCCI ) , Member of the Advisory Board - Villa Vigoni Association , Non-permanent Member of the Board of Trustees - [ [ Federal Agency for Civic Education ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 1998–2005 ) - [ [ Haus der Geschichte ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 2002–2005 ) Personal life . Röttgen is married to Ebba Herfs-Röttgen , a lawyer . The couple have three children . In his childhood , Röttgen played the [ [ accordion ] ] . Publications . - 1 . Was bedeutet Fortschritt heute ? Röttgen , Norbert . – Berlin : BMU , Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit , 2010 , Stand : Februar 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 2 . Bürokratiekostenabbau in Deutschland . Baden-Baden : Nomos , 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 3 . Deutschlands beste Jahre kommen noch . Röttgen , Norbert . – München : Piper , 2009 - 4 . Wir haben viel erreicht . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2008 - 5 . Parlamentarische Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste im demokratischen . Rechtsstaat . Sankt Augustin : Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , 2008 - 6 . Wirtschaft trifft Politik / 2007 . Deutschland und Europa im Prozess der Globalisierung . 2008 - 7 . Gut , dass die Union regiert . Berlin : CDU/CSU Fraktion im deutschen Bundestag , 2007 , Stand : September 2007 - 8 . Was wir erreicht haben . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2006 - 9 . Die Argumentation des Europäischen Gerichtshofes . Röttgen , Norbert , 2001 References . - General-Anzeiger Bonn : Interview from 18 . November 2006 Norbert Röttgen in the Newspaper General Anzeiger - Biography of Norbert Röttgen from the Federal Minister for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany – - Mr . Andreas Carlgren in SvD Newspaper External links . - Official Site of Dr . Norbert Röttgen - Official Site of the German Parliament – – - Official Site of the Federal Ministry for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety – - [ [ Sustainable Development ] ] [ [ Category:1965 births ] ] [ [ Category:Living people ] ] [ [ Category:People from Meckenheim ] ] [ [ Category:Hertie School people ] ] [ [ Category:German Roman Catholics ] ] [ [ Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians ] ] [ [ Category:Government ministers of Germany ] ] [ [ Category:Environment ministers of Germany ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia ] ] [ [ Category:21st-century German politicians ] ] [ [ Category:University of Bonn alumni ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2002–2005 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1998–2002 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1994–1998 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany ] ]
|
[
"chair of the Junge Union",
"Bundestag"
] |
[
{
"text": " Norbert Röttgen ( born 2 July 1965 ) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . He was Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2009 to May 2012 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen graduated from the Gymnasium of Rheinbach . After completing his Abitur , he started to study law at the University of Bonn in 1984 . He passed his first law examination in 1989 , his second examination in 1993 and practised as a lawyer in Cologne .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": " He obtained a legal doctorate from the University of Bonn in 2001 ; his doctoral thesis was on the Court of Justice of the European Union .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen joined the CDU in 1982 while he was still a high-school student . From 1992 until 1996 , he served as the chair of the Junge Union , the youth organisation of CDU , in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen was elected to the Bundestag in 1994 . From 2002 until 2005 he served as the legal policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group . During the First Merkel cabinet ( 2005–2009 ) , a grand coalition of the CDU/CSU and SPD , he served as the Chief Parliamentary Secretary of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag until 2009 . In this capacity , he worked closely with the SPD parliamentary floor manager Olaf Scholz to manage and defend the coalition government in parliament . He also served as member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel ( PKGr )",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ", which provides parliamentary oversight of Germanys intelligence services—BND , MAD and BfV .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , 2009–2011 . Following the 2009 federal election , Röttgen was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the FDP on a coalition agreement ; he joined the working group on economic affairs and energy policy , led by Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg ( CSU ) and Rainer Brüderle ( FDP ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 28 October 2009 , Röttgen was the Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the Second Merkel cabinet . He also served as a member of the Board of Supervisory Directors at KfW from 28 October 2009 to 22 May 2012 . From November 2010 , he was one of the four deputy chairs of the CDU in Germany , as well as the chair of the CDU in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . At the time , he was often mentioned as a potential successor to Merkel as chancellor .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen , in his capacity as environment minister , led the German delegations to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen , the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún and the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban , respectively .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In May 2011 , Röttgen announced his governments plans to shut all of the nations nuclear power plants by 2022 . The decision was based on recommendations of an expert commission appointed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster . Later that year , he teamed up with the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) in launching the Bonn Challenge , calling for 150 million hectares of forest – an area four times larger than Germany – to be reforested by 2020 ; the Bonn Challenge was later endorsed at the 2014 UN Climate Summit and supplemented by",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "the New York Declaration on Forests , which calls for an end to deforestation by 2030 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Following the dissolution of the states Landtag on 14 March 2012 , Röttgen confirmed his intention to run in the subsequent election as the CDUs candidate for the office of Minister-President against the incumbent , Hannelore Kraft of the SPD . Röttgen ran against the debt-financed spending supported by Kraft , and even described the vote as a referendum on Merkels Europe policies . However , he was widely seen as having failed to commit himself whole-heartedly to state politics , refusing to promise that if he lost the election he would nonetheless lead the opposition in North Rhine-Westphalia ;",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "59 percent of respondents to an FG Wahlen poll said his refusal to commit to the state damaged the CDU .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Following the election defeat of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia by a margin almost three times more than was predicted in polls , Röttgen resigned his position as head of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia . On 16 May 2012 , Chancellor Merkel fired him under Article 64 of the German Basic Law as Minister for Environment ; Peter Altmaier replaced him , while Armin Laschet took the post of party head in the land . Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Since 2014 , Röttgen has been the chairman of the Bundestags Committee on Foreign Affairs . In addition to his committee assignments , he is a member of the German-Swiss Parliamentary Friendship Group .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In February 2014 , Röttgen accompanied German President Joachim Gauck on a state visit to India – where they met with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi , among others – and Myanmar . Shortly after the referendum on the status of Crimea held on 16 March 2014 , he and his counterparts of the Weimar Triangle parliaments – Elisabeth Guigou of France and Grzegorz Schetyna of Poland – visited Kyiv to express their countries’ firm support of the territorial integrity and the European integration of Ukraine . This was the first time that parliamentarians of the Weimar Triangle",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "had ever made a joint trip to a third country .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Together with President of the Bundestag Wolfgang Schäuble , Röttgen represented Germany at the funeral of U.S . Senator John McCain in 2018 . In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections , Röttgen was part of the working group on foreign policy , led by Ursula von der Leyen , Gerd Müller and Sigmar Gabriel .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2020 , following the resignation of CDU chairwoman Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer , Röttgen announced his candidacy for the party leadership ; this made him the first official contender in the election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Röttgen called for the direct elections of the President of the European Commission , a bicameral political system for the EU , and simultaneous parliamentary elections across the EU .",
"title": "European integration"
},
{
"text": "Following the 2016 referendum on European Union membership in the United Kingdom , Röttgen co-authored a paper with Jean Pisani-Ferry , André Sapir , Paul Tucker and Guntram Wolff which lays out a proposal of a continental partnership between the EU and the UK . According to the paper , such a partnership would grant Britain some control over labor mobility while preserving free movement of capital , goods and services .",
"title": "European integration"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen is considered as an advocate of a more assertive German foreign policy . In an editorial for the Financial Times in March 2014 , he argued that the only people who seemed not to realize that Germany was at the center of the Crimean crisis were the Germans themselves . When Russian state-run energy group Gazprom conducted an asset swap with its long-term German partner BASF , under which it increased its stake in Wingas , Röttgen raised concerns about the deal . In his opinion , expanding Gazprom activities in Germany are deepening our dependence on Russia .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In late 2015 , Röttgen called for a review of the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline , saying it was a highly-political subject which carried the risk of splitting Europe and may contradict the aims of the agreed European energy policy .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen supported the European Union leaders decision to impose sanctions on 21 individuals after the referendum in Crimea that paved the way for Putin to annex the region from Ukraine . By August 2014 , he demanded that Europe respond to the escalation of violence in Ukraine by agreeing to further sanctions against Russia , saying that [ a ] ny hesitation would be seen by [ Russian President Vladimir ] Putin as European weakness that would encourage him to keep going . However , he ruled out a U.S . proposal to arm Ukraine against Russia , calling it",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "a grave mistake which not only would [ give ] Putin a pretext to expand the war beyond eastern Ukraine , it would also serve his other goal to divide the West wherever he can .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": " Relations with the Middle East . Amid the debate on sending military assistance to the Iraqi government following a dramatic push by Islamic State militants through northern Iraq in mid-2014 , Röttgen told newspaper Die Welt that delivering weapons would violate the governments arms export guidelines .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Röttgen was quoted by Der Spiegel as saying that Germany might end its unconditional support for Israel due to increasing frustration with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahus policies . Israels current policies are not contributing to the country remaining Jewish and democratic , Röttgen was quoted as saying . We must express this concern more clearly to Israel .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": " In 2019 , Röttgen warned that Germany would alienate its European partners if it continued to insist on maintaining a temporary moratorium on arms deliveries to Saudi Arabia .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In March 2014 , Röttgen was part of a delegation of the European Council of Foreign Relations to Tehran , Iran . In an open letter published in prominent newspapers across Europe – including El Mundo , Corriere della Sera , Svenska Dagbladet , Tagesspiegel , and The Guardian – on 5 November 2014 , he joined Javier Solana , Ana Palacio , Carl Bildt , Emma Bonino , Jean-Marie Guéhenno and Robert Cooper in urging the EU3+3 countries ( the UK , Germany and France and the US , China and Russia ) and Iran to reach agreement on",
"title": "Relations with Iran"
},
{
"text": "a comprehensive nuclear deal , arguing that there may never again be an opportunity as good as this one to seal a final nuclear deal .",
"title": "Relations with Iran"
},
{
"text": " In a speech to parliament in April 2015 , Röttgen urged his fellow parliamentarians to call the killing of hundreds of thousands of Armenians under Turkish rule in 1915 genocidal and to acknowledge that German actions at the time were partly to blame , adding that this recognition was overdue . After the 2017 constitutional referendum that handed new powers to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , Herrmann demanded that EU accession talks for Turkey should be ended , not paused . Climate change and the environment .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "Following the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference , Röttgen sharply criticized both U.S . President Barack Obama and Chinas leadership when he said : China doesnt want to lead , and the U.S . cannot lead . Writing in the Financial Times in 2010 , he joined British Energy Minister Chris Huhne and French Ecology Minister Jean-Louis Borloo in urging the European Union to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent from the originally established 20 percent target by 2020 .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": " Both Angela Merkel and Röttgen , the chief architects of the governments energy transition plan , are thought to have pushed for a rapid nuclear phase-out with a view to raising the prospects for a possible future national coalition with the Green Party . In 2012 , Roettgens plan to cut subsidies for solar power drew fire from opposition parties and the photovoltaic industry , which said the move threatened thousands of jobs in what was then the worlds biggest solar market by installed capacity . Relations with the African continent .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent , such as in Somalia – both Operation Atalanta and EUTM Somalia – ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2015 ) , Darfur/Sudan ( 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , South Sudan ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , Mali ( 2013 and 2014 ) , the Central African Republic ( 2014 ) and Liberia ( 2015 ) .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "He abstained from the votes on extending the mandates for Operation Atalanta in 2009 and 2010 as well as on EUTM Somalia in 2016 .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "After European ambassadors wrote an open letter , praising 45 years of Sino-European relations , they found that China Daily , which is a state-controlled media outlet , refused to publish unless it was significantly changed . In particular , that references to the origins of Coronavirus disease 2019 coming from China be removed . The Europeans quickly accommodated this request . As the head of the German parliaments foreign affairs committee , Röttgen criticised the European back-pedalling:I am shocked not once but twice : First the EU ambassadors generously adopt Chinese narratives and then on top of that the",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": "EU representation accepts Chinese censorship of the joint op-ed . Speaking with one voice is important , but it has to reflect our shared European values and interests .",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": " In a joint letter initiated by Röttgen and Anthony Gonzalez ahead of the 47th G7 summit in 2021 , some 70 legislators from Europe and the US called upon their leaders to take a tough stance on China and to avoid becoming dependent on the country for technology including artificial intelligence and 5G .",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": " - Club of Three , President of the Steering Group ( since 2019 ) - Atlantik-Brücke , Deputy chairman of the board ( since 2019 ) - European Council on Foreign Relations ( ECFR ) , Co-Chair ( since 2019 ) - Development and Peace Foundation ( SEF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2019 ) - [ [ Hertie School of Governance ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2008 ) - Asia House , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": "- [ [ Humanity in Action ] ] Germany , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " - [ [ CARE ( relief agency ) |CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - German Industry Initiative for Energy Efficiency ( DENEFF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees - Jacques Delors Institute Berlin , Chairman of the Advisory Board - [ [ Konrad Adenauer Foundation ] ] , Member - [ [ Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - Stiftung Neue Verantwortung , Member of the Board of Trustees",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": "- Turkey : Culture of Change Initiative ( TCCI ) , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " - Villa Vigoni Association , Non-permanent Member of the Board of Trustees - [ [ Federal Agency for Civic Education ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 1998–2005 ) - [ [ Haus der Geschichte ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 2002–2005 )",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen is married to Ebba Herfs-Röttgen , a lawyer . The couple have three children . In his childhood , Röttgen played the [ [ accordion ] ] .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 1 . Was bedeutet Fortschritt heute ? Röttgen , Norbert . – Berlin : BMU , Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit , 2010 , Stand : Februar 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 2 . Bürokratiekostenabbau in Deutschland . Baden-Baden : Nomos , 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 3 . Deutschlands beste Jahre kommen noch . Röttgen , Norbert . – München : Piper , 2009 - 4 . Wir haben viel erreicht . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2008",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- 5 . Parlamentarische Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste im demokratischen . Rechtsstaat . Sankt Augustin : Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , 2008",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - 6 . Wirtschaft trifft Politik / 2007 . Deutschland und Europa im Prozess der Globalisierung . 2008 - 7 . Gut , dass die Union regiert . Berlin : CDU/CSU Fraktion im deutschen Bundestag , 2007 , Stand : September 2007 - 8 . Was wir erreicht haben . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2006 - 9 . Die Argumentation des Europäischen Gerichtshofes . Röttgen , Norbert , 2001",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - General-Anzeiger Bonn : Interview from 18 . November 2006 Norbert Röttgen in the Newspaper General Anzeiger - Biography of Norbert Röttgen from the Federal Minister for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany – - Mr . Andreas Carlgren in SvD Newspaper",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Official Site of Dr . Norbert Röttgen - Official Site of the German Parliament – – - Official Site of the Federal Ministry for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety – - [ [ Sustainable Development ] ] [ [ Category:1965 births ] ] [ [ Category:Living people ] ] [ [ Category:People from Meckenheim ] ] [ [ Category:Hertie School people ] ] [ [ Category:German Roman Catholics ] ] [ [ Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians ] ] [ [ Category:Government ministers of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": "[ [ Category:Environment ministers of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": " [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia ] ] [ [ Category:21st-century German politicians ] ] [ [ Category:University of Bonn alumni ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2002–2005 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1998–2002 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1994–1998 ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": "[ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Norbert_Röttgen#P39#1
|
What was the position of Norbert Röttgen between Oct 2005 and Dec 2008?
|
Norbert Röttgen Norbert Röttgen ( born 2 July 1965 ) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . He was Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2009 to May 2012 . Early life and education . Röttgen graduated from the Gymnasium of Rheinbach . After completing his Abitur , he started to study law at the University of Bonn in 1984 . He passed his first law examination in 1989 , his second examination in 1993 and practised as a lawyer in Cologne . He obtained a legal doctorate from the University of Bonn in 2001 ; his doctoral thesis was on the Court of Justice of the European Union . Political career . Röttgen joined the CDU in 1982 while he was still a high-school student . From 1992 until 1996 , he served as the chair of the Junge Union , the youth organisation of CDU , in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia . Röttgen was elected to the Bundestag in 1994 . From 2002 until 2005 he served as the legal policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group . During the First Merkel cabinet ( 2005–2009 ) , a grand coalition of the CDU/CSU and SPD , he served as the Chief Parliamentary Secretary of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag until 2009 . In this capacity , he worked closely with the SPD parliamentary floor manager Olaf Scholz to manage and defend the coalition government in parliament . He also served as member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel ( PKGr ) , which provides parliamentary oversight of Germanys intelligence services—BND , MAD and BfV . Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , 2009–2011 . Following the 2009 federal election , Röttgen was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the FDP on a coalition agreement ; he joined the working group on economic affairs and energy policy , led by Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg ( CSU ) and Rainer Brüderle ( FDP ) . From 28 October 2009 , Röttgen was the Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the Second Merkel cabinet . He also served as a member of the Board of Supervisory Directors at KfW from 28 October 2009 to 22 May 2012 . From November 2010 , he was one of the four deputy chairs of the CDU in Germany , as well as the chair of the CDU in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . At the time , he was often mentioned as a potential successor to Merkel as chancellor . Röttgen , in his capacity as environment minister , led the German delegations to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen , the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún and the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban , respectively . In May 2011 , Röttgen announced his governments plans to shut all of the nations nuclear power plants by 2022 . The decision was based on recommendations of an expert commission appointed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster . Later that year , he teamed up with the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) in launching the Bonn Challenge , calling for 150 million hectares of forest – an area four times larger than Germany – to be reforested by 2020 ; the Bonn Challenge was later endorsed at the 2014 UN Climate Summit and supplemented by the New York Declaration on Forests , which calls for an end to deforestation by 2030 . Following the dissolution of the states Landtag on 14 March 2012 , Röttgen confirmed his intention to run in the subsequent election as the CDUs candidate for the office of Minister-President against the incumbent , Hannelore Kraft of the SPD . Röttgen ran against the debt-financed spending supported by Kraft , and even described the vote as a referendum on Merkels Europe policies . However , he was widely seen as having failed to commit himself whole-heartedly to state politics , refusing to promise that if he lost the election he would nonetheless lead the opposition in North Rhine-Westphalia ; 59 percent of respondents to an FG Wahlen poll said his refusal to commit to the state damaged the CDU . Following the election defeat of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia by a margin almost three times more than was predicted in polls , Röttgen resigned his position as head of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia . On 16 May 2012 , Chancellor Merkel fired him under Article 64 of the German Basic Law as Minister for Environment ; Peter Altmaier replaced him , while Armin Laschet took the post of party head in the land . Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs . Since 2014 , Röttgen has been the chairman of the Bundestags Committee on Foreign Affairs . In addition to his committee assignments , he is a member of the German-Swiss Parliamentary Friendship Group . In February 2014 , Röttgen accompanied German President Joachim Gauck on a state visit to India – where they met with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi , among others – and Myanmar . Shortly after the referendum on the status of Crimea held on 16 March 2014 , he and his counterparts of the Weimar Triangle parliaments – Elisabeth Guigou of France and Grzegorz Schetyna of Poland – visited Kyiv to express their countries’ firm support of the territorial integrity and the European integration of Ukraine . This was the first time that parliamentarians of the Weimar Triangle had ever made a joint trip to a third country . Together with President of the Bundestag Wolfgang Schäuble , Röttgen represented Germany at the funeral of U.S . Senator John McCain in 2018 . In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections , Röttgen was part of the working group on foreign policy , led by Ursula von der Leyen , Gerd Müller and Sigmar Gabriel . In 2020 , following the resignation of CDU chairwoman Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer , Röttgen announced his candidacy for the party leadership ; this made him the first official contender in the election . Political views . European integration . In 2011 , Röttgen called for the direct elections of the President of the European Commission , a bicameral political system for the EU , and simultaneous parliamentary elections across the EU . Following the 2016 referendum on European Union membership in the United Kingdom , Röttgen co-authored a paper with Jean Pisani-Ferry , André Sapir , Paul Tucker and Guntram Wolff which lays out a proposal of a continental partnership between the EU and the UK . According to the paper , such a partnership would grant Britain some control over labor mobility while preserving free movement of capital , goods and services . Relations with Russia . Röttgen is considered as an advocate of a more assertive German foreign policy . In an editorial for the Financial Times in March 2014 , he argued that the only people who seemed not to realize that Germany was at the center of the Crimean crisis were the Germans themselves . When Russian state-run energy group Gazprom conducted an asset swap with its long-term German partner BASF , under which it increased its stake in Wingas , Röttgen raised concerns about the deal . In his opinion , expanding Gazprom activities in Germany are deepening our dependence on Russia . In late 2015 , Röttgen called for a review of the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline , saying it was a highly-political subject which carried the risk of splitting Europe and may contradict the aims of the agreed European energy policy . Röttgen supported the European Union leaders decision to impose sanctions on 21 individuals after the referendum in Crimea that paved the way for Putin to annex the region from Ukraine . By August 2014 , he demanded that Europe respond to the escalation of violence in Ukraine by agreeing to further sanctions against Russia , saying that [ a ] ny hesitation would be seen by [ Russian President Vladimir ] Putin as European weakness that would encourage him to keep going . However , he ruled out a U.S . proposal to arm Ukraine against Russia , calling it a grave mistake which not only would [ give ] Putin a pretext to expand the war beyond eastern Ukraine , it would also serve his other goal to divide the West wherever he can . Relations with the Middle East . Amid the debate on sending military assistance to the Iraqi government following a dramatic push by Islamic State militants through northern Iraq in mid-2014 , Röttgen told newspaper Die Welt that delivering weapons would violate the governments arms export guidelines . In 2016 , Röttgen was quoted by Der Spiegel as saying that Germany might end its unconditional support for Israel due to increasing frustration with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahus policies . Israels current policies are not contributing to the country remaining Jewish and democratic , Röttgen was quoted as saying . We must express this concern more clearly to Israel . In 2019 , Röttgen warned that Germany would alienate its European partners if it continued to insist on maintaining a temporary moratorium on arms deliveries to Saudi Arabia . Relations with Iran . In March 2014 , Röttgen was part of a delegation of the European Council of Foreign Relations to Tehran , Iran . In an open letter published in prominent newspapers across Europe – including El Mundo , Corriere della Sera , Svenska Dagbladet , Tagesspiegel , and The Guardian – on 5 November 2014 , he joined Javier Solana , Ana Palacio , Carl Bildt , Emma Bonino , Jean-Marie Guéhenno and Robert Cooper in urging the EU3+3 countries ( the UK , Germany and France and the US , China and Russia ) and Iran to reach agreement on a comprehensive nuclear deal , arguing that there may never again be an opportunity as good as this one to seal a final nuclear deal . Relations with Turkey . In a speech to parliament in April 2015 , Röttgen urged his fellow parliamentarians to call the killing of hundreds of thousands of Armenians under Turkish rule in 1915 genocidal and to acknowledge that German actions at the time were partly to blame , adding that this recognition was overdue . After the 2017 constitutional referendum that handed new powers to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , Herrmann demanded that EU accession talks for Turkey should be ended , not paused . Climate change and the environment . Following the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference , Röttgen sharply criticized both U.S . President Barack Obama and Chinas leadership when he said : China doesnt want to lead , and the U.S . cannot lead . Writing in the Financial Times in 2010 , he joined British Energy Minister Chris Huhne and French Ecology Minister Jean-Louis Borloo in urging the European Union to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent from the originally established 20 percent target by 2020 . Both Angela Merkel and Röttgen , the chief architects of the governments energy transition plan , are thought to have pushed for a rapid nuclear phase-out with a view to raising the prospects for a possible future national coalition with the Green Party . In 2012 , Roettgens plan to cut subsidies for solar power drew fire from opposition parties and the photovoltaic industry , which said the move threatened thousands of jobs in what was then the worlds biggest solar market by installed capacity . Relations with the African continent . Röttgen has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent , such as in Somalia – both Operation Atalanta and EUTM Somalia – ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2015 ) , Darfur/Sudan ( 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , South Sudan ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , Mali ( 2013 and 2014 ) , the Central African Republic ( 2014 ) and Liberia ( 2015 ) . He abstained from the votes on extending the mandates for Operation Atalanta in 2009 and 2010 as well as on EUTM Somalia in 2016 . Relations with China . After European ambassadors wrote an open letter , praising 45 years of Sino-European relations , they found that China Daily , which is a state-controlled media outlet , refused to publish unless it was significantly changed . In particular , that references to the origins of Coronavirus disease 2019 coming from China be removed . The Europeans quickly accommodated this request . As the head of the German parliaments foreign affairs committee , Röttgen criticised the European back-pedalling:I am shocked not once but twice : First the EU ambassadors generously adopt Chinese narratives and then on top of that the EU representation accepts Chinese censorship of the joint op-ed . Speaking with one voice is important , but it has to reflect our shared European values and interests . In a joint letter initiated by Röttgen and Anthony Gonzalez ahead of the 47th G7 summit in 2021 , some 70 legislators from Europe and the US called upon their leaders to take a tough stance on China and to avoid becoming dependent on the country for technology including artificial intelligence and 5G . Other activities . Corporate boards . - KfW , Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors ( 2009–2012 ) Non-profit organizations . - Club of Three , President of the Steering Group ( since 2019 ) - Atlantik-Brücke , Deputy chairman of the board ( since 2019 ) - European Council on Foreign Relations ( ECFR ) , Co-Chair ( since 2019 ) - Development and Peace Foundation ( SEF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2019 ) - [ [ Hertie School of Governance ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2008 ) - Asia House , Member of the Advisory Board - [ [ Humanity in Action ] ] Germany , Member of the Advisory Board - [ [ CARE ( relief agency ) |CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - German Industry Initiative for Energy Efficiency ( DENEFF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees - Jacques Delors Institute Berlin , Chairman of the Advisory Board - [ [ Konrad Adenauer Foundation ] ] , Member - [ [ Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - Stiftung Neue Verantwortung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Turkey : Culture of Change Initiative ( TCCI ) , Member of the Advisory Board - Villa Vigoni Association , Non-permanent Member of the Board of Trustees - [ [ Federal Agency for Civic Education ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 1998–2005 ) - [ [ Haus der Geschichte ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 2002–2005 ) Personal life . Röttgen is married to Ebba Herfs-Röttgen , a lawyer . The couple have three children . In his childhood , Röttgen played the [ [ accordion ] ] . Publications . - 1 . Was bedeutet Fortschritt heute ? Röttgen , Norbert . – Berlin : BMU , Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit , 2010 , Stand : Februar 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 2 . Bürokratiekostenabbau in Deutschland . Baden-Baden : Nomos , 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 3 . Deutschlands beste Jahre kommen noch . Röttgen , Norbert . – München : Piper , 2009 - 4 . Wir haben viel erreicht . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2008 - 5 . Parlamentarische Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste im demokratischen . Rechtsstaat . Sankt Augustin : Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , 2008 - 6 . Wirtschaft trifft Politik / 2007 . Deutschland und Europa im Prozess der Globalisierung . 2008 - 7 . Gut , dass die Union regiert . Berlin : CDU/CSU Fraktion im deutschen Bundestag , 2007 , Stand : September 2007 - 8 . Was wir erreicht haben . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2006 - 9 . Die Argumentation des Europäischen Gerichtshofes . Röttgen , Norbert , 2001 References . - General-Anzeiger Bonn : Interview from 18 . November 2006 Norbert Röttgen in the Newspaper General Anzeiger - Biography of Norbert Röttgen from the Federal Minister for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany – - Mr . Andreas Carlgren in SvD Newspaper External links . - Official Site of Dr . Norbert Röttgen - Official Site of the German Parliament – – - Official Site of the Federal Ministry for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety – - [ [ Sustainable Development ] ] [ [ Category:1965 births ] ] [ [ Category:Living people ] ] [ [ Category:People from Meckenheim ] ] [ [ Category:Hertie School people ] ] [ [ Category:German Roman Catholics ] ] [ [ Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians ] ] [ [ Category:Government ministers of Germany ] ] [ [ Category:Environment ministers of Germany ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia ] ] [ [ Category:21st-century German politicians ] ] [ [ Category:University of Bonn alumni ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2002–2005 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1998–2002 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1994–1998 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany ] ]
|
[
"Chief Parliamentary Secretary of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group"
] |
[
{
"text": " Norbert Röttgen ( born 2 July 1965 ) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . He was Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2009 to May 2012 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen graduated from the Gymnasium of Rheinbach . After completing his Abitur , he started to study law at the University of Bonn in 1984 . He passed his first law examination in 1989 , his second examination in 1993 and practised as a lawyer in Cologne .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": " He obtained a legal doctorate from the University of Bonn in 2001 ; his doctoral thesis was on the Court of Justice of the European Union .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen joined the CDU in 1982 while he was still a high-school student . From 1992 until 1996 , he served as the chair of the Junge Union , the youth organisation of CDU , in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen was elected to the Bundestag in 1994 . From 2002 until 2005 he served as the legal policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group . During the First Merkel cabinet ( 2005–2009 ) , a grand coalition of the CDU/CSU and SPD , he served as the Chief Parliamentary Secretary of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag until 2009 . In this capacity , he worked closely with the SPD parliamentary floor manager Olaf Scholz to manage and defend the coalition government in parliament . He also served as member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel ( PKGr )",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ", which provides parliamentary oversight of Germanys intelligence services—BND , MAD and BfV .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , 2009–2011 . Following the 2009 federal election , Röttgen was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the FDP on a coalition agreement ; he joined the working group on economic affairs and energy policy , led by Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg ( CSU ) and Rainer Brüderle ( FDP ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 28 October 2009 , Röttgen was the Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the Second Merkel cabinet . He also served as a member of the Board of Supervisory Directors at KfW from 28 October 2009 to 22 May 2012 . From November 2010 , he was one of the four deputy chairs of the CDU in Germany , as well as the chair of the CDU in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . At the time , he was often mentioned as a potential successor to Merkel as chancellor .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen , in his capacity as environment minister , led the German delegations to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen , the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún and the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban , respectively .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In May 2011 , Röttgen announced his governments plans to shut all of the nations nuclear power plants by 2022 . The decision was based on recommendations of an expert commission appointed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster . Later that year , he teamed up with the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) in launching the Bonn Challenge , calling for 150 million hectares of forest – an area four times larger than Germany – to be reforested by 2020 ; the Bonn Challenge was later endorsed at the 2014 UN Climate Summit and supplemented by",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "the New York Declaration on Forests , which calls for an end to deforestation by 2030 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Following the dissolution of the states Landtag on 14 March 2012 , Röttgen confirmed his intention to run in the subsequent election as the CDUs candidate for the office of Minister-President against the incumbent , Hannelore Kraft of the SPD . Röttgen ran against the debt-financed spending supported by Kraft , and even described the vote as a referendum on Merkels Europe policies . However , he was widely seen as having failed to commit himself whole-heartedly to state politics , refusing to promise that if he lost the election he would nonetheless lead the opposition in North Rhine-Westphalia ;",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "59 percent of respondents to an FG Wahlen poll said his refusal to commit to the state damaged the CDU .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Following the election defeat of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia by a margin almost three times more than was predicted in polls , Röttgen resigned his position as head of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia . On 16 May 2012 , Chancellor Merkel fired him under Article 64 of the German Basic Law as Minister for Environment ; Peter Altmaier replaced him , while Armin Laschet took the post of party head in the land . Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Since 2014 , Röttgen has been the chairman of the Bundestags Committee on Foreign Affairs . In addition to his committee assignments , he is a member of the German-Swiss Parliamentary Friendship Group .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In February 2014 , Röttgen accompanied German President Joachim Gauck on a state visit to India – where they met with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi , among others – and Myanmar . Shortly after the referendum on the status of Crimea held on 16 March 2014 , he and his counterparts of the Weimar Triangle parliaments – Elisabeth Guigou of France and Grzegorz Schetyna of Poland – visited Kyiv to express their countries’ firm support of the territorial integrity and the European integration of Ukraine . This was the first time that parliamentarians of the Weimar Triangle",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "had ever made a joint trip to a third country .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Together with President of the Bundestag Wolfgang Schäuble , Röttgen represented Germany at the funeral of U.S . Senator John McCain in 2018 . In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections , Röttgen was part of the working group on foreign policy , led by Ursula von der Leyen , Gerd Müller and Sigmar Gabriel .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2020 , following the resignation of CDU chairwoman Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer , Röttgen announced his candidacy for the party leadership ; this made him the first official contender in the election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Röttgen called for the direct elections of the President of the European Commission , a bicameral political system for the EU , and simultaneous parliamentary elections across the EU .",
"title": "European integration"
},
{
"text": "Following the 2016 referendum on European Union membership in the United Kingdom , Röttgen co-authored a paper with Jean Pisani-Ferry , André Sapir , Paul Tucker and Guntram Wolff which lays out a proposal of a continental partnership between the EU and the UK . According to the paper , such a partnership would grant Britain some control over labor mobility while preserving free movement of capital , goods and services .",
"title": "European integration"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen is considered as an advocate of a more assertive German foreign policy . In an editorial for the Financial Times in March 2014 , he argued that the only people who seemed not to realize that Germany was at the center of the Crimean crisis were the Germans themselves . When Russian state-run energy group Gazprom conducted an asset swap with its long-term German partner BASF , under which it increased its stake in Wingas , Röttgen raised concerns about the deal . In his opinion , expanding Gazprom activities in Germany are deepening our dependence on Russia .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In late 2015 , Röttgen called for a review of the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline , saying it was a highly-political subject which carried the risk of splitting Europe and may contradict the aims of the agreed European energy policy .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen supported the European Union leaders decision to impose sanctions on 21 individuals after the referendum in Crimea that paved the way for Putin to annex the region from Ukraine . By August 2014 , he demanded that Europe respond to the escalation of violence in Ukraine by agreeing to further sanctions against Russia , saying that [ a ] ny hesitation would be seen by [ Russian President Vladimir ] Putin as European weakness that would encourage him to keep going . However , he ruled out a U.S . proposal to arm Ukraine against Russia , calling it",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "a grave mistake which not only would [ give ] Putin a pretext to expand the war beyond eastern Ukraine , it would also serve his other goal to divide the West wherever he can .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": " Relations with the Middle East . Amid the debate on sending military assistance to the Iraqi government following a dramatic push by Islamic State militants through northern Iraq in mid-2014 , Röttgen told newspaper Die Welt that delivering weapons would violate the governments arms export guidelines .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Röttgen was quoted by Der Spiegel as saying that Germany might end its unconditional support for Israel due to increasing frustration with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahus policies . Israels current policies are not contributing to the country remaining Jewish and democratic , Röttgen was quoted as saying . We must express this concern more clearly to Israel .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": " In 2019 , Röttgen warned that Germany would alienate its European partners if it continued to insist on maintaining a temporary moratorium on arms deliveries to Saudi Arabia .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In March 2014 , Röttgen was part of a delegation of the European Council of Foreign Relations to Tehran , Iran . In an open letter published in prominent newspapers across Europe – including El Mundo , Corriere della Sera , Svenska Dagbladet , Tagesspiegel , and The Guardian – on 5 November 2014 , he joined Javier Solana , Ana Palacio , Carl Bildt , Emma Bonino , Jean-Marie Guéhenno and Robert Cooper in urging the EU3+3 countries ( the UK , Germany and France and the US , China and Russia ) and Iran to reach agreement on",
"title": "Relations with Iran"
},
{
"text": "a comprehensive nuclear deal , arguing that there may never again be an opportunity as good as this one to seal a final nuclear deal .",
"title": "Relations with Iran"
},
{
"text": " In a speech to parliament in April 2015 , Röttgen urged his fellow parliamentarians to call the killing of hundreds of thousands of Armenians under Turkish rule in 1915 genocidal and to acknowledge that German actions at the time were partly to blame , adding that this recognition was overdue . After the 2017 constitutional referendum that handed new powers to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , Herrmann demanded that EU accession talks for Turkey should be ended , not paused . Climate change and the environment .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "Following the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference , Röttgen sharply criticized both U.S . President Barack Obama and Chinas leadership when he said : China doesnt want to lead , and the U.S . cannot lead . Writing in the Financial Times in 2010 , he joined British Energy Minister Chris Huhne and French Ecology Minister Jean-Louis Borloo in urging the European Union to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent from the originally established 20 percent target by 2020 .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": " Both Angela Merkel and Röttgen , the chief architects of the governments energy transition plan , are thought to have pushed for a rapid nuclear phase-out with a view to raising the prospects for a possible future national coalition with the Green Party . In 2012 , Roettgens plan to cut subsidies for solar power drew fire from opposition parties and the photovoltaic industry , which said the move threatened thousands of jobs in what was then the worlds biggest solar market by installed capacity . Relations with the African continent .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent , such as in Somalia – both Operation Atalanta and EUTM Somalia – ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2015 ) , Darfur/Sudan ( 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , South Sudan ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , Mali ( 2013 and 2014 ) , the Central African Republic ( 2014 ) and Liberia ( 2015 ) .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "He abstained from the votes on extending the mandates for Operation Atalanta in 2009 and 2010 as well as on EUTM Somalia in 2016 .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "After European ambassadors wrote an open letter , praising 45 years of Sino-European relations , they found that China Daily , which is a state-controlled media outlet , refused to publish unless it was significantly changed . In particular , that references to the origins of Coronavirus disease 2019 coming from China be removed . The Europeans quickly accommodated this request . As the head of the German parliaments foreign affairs committee , Röttgen criticised the European back-pedalling:I am shocked not once but twice : First the EU ambassadors generously adopt Chinese narratives and then on top of that the",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": "EU representation accepts Chinese censorship of the joint op-ed . Speaking with one voice is important , but it has to reflect our shared European values and interests .",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": " In a joint letter initiated by Röttgen and Anthony Gonzalez ahead of the 47th G7 summit in 2021 , some 70 legislators from Europe and the US called upon their leaders to take a tough stance on China and to avoid becoming dependent on the country for technology including artificial intelligence and 5G .",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": " - Club of Three , President of the Steering Group ( since 2019 ) - Atlantik-Brücke , Deputy chairman of the board ( since 2019 ) - European Council on Foreign Relations ( ECFR ) , Co-Chair ( since 2019 ) - Development and Peace Foundation ( SEF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2019 ) - [ [ Hertie School of Governance ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2008 ) - Asia House , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": "- [ [ Humanity in Action ] ] Germany , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " - [ [ CARE ( relief agency ) |CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - German Industry Initiative for Energy Efficiency ( DENEFF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees - Jacques Delors Institute Berlin , Chairman of the Advisory Board - [ [ Konrad Adenauer Foundation ] ] , Member - [ [ Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - Stiftung Neue Verantwortung , Member of the Board of Trustees",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": "- Turkey : Culture of Change Initiative ( TCCI ) , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " - Villa Vigoni Association , Non-permanent Member of the Board of Trustees - [ [ Federal Agency for Civic Education ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 1998–2005 ) - [ [ Haus der Geschichte ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 2002–2005 )",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen is married to Ebba Herfs-Röttgen , a lawyer . The couple have three children . In his childhood , Röttgen played the [ [ accordion ] ] .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 1 . Was bedeutet Fortschritt heute ? Röttgen , Norbert . – Berlin : BMU , Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit , 2010 , Stand : Februar 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 2 . Bürokratiekostenabbau in Deutschland . Baden-Baden : Nomos , 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 3 . Deutschlands beste Jahre kommen noch . Röttgen , Norbert . – München : Piper , 2009 - 4 . Wir haben viel erreicht . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2008",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- 5 . Parlamentarische Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste im demokratischen . Rechtsstaat . Sankt Augustin : Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , 2008",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - 6 . Wirtschaft trifft Politik / 2007 . Deutschland und Europa im Prozess der Globalisierung . 2008 - 7 . Gut , dass die Union regiert . Berlin : CDU/CSU Fraktion im deutschen Bundestag , 2007 , Stand : September 2007 - 8 . Was wir erreicht haben . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2006 - 9 . Die Argumentation des Europäischen Gerichtshofes . Röttgen , Norbert , 2001",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - General-Anzeiger Bonn : Interview from 18 . November 2006 Norbert Röttgen in the Newspaper General Anzeiger - Biography of Norbert Röttgen from the Federal Minister for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany – - Mr . Andreas Carlgren in SvD Newspaper",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Official Site of Dr . Norbert Röttgen - Official Site of the German Parliament – – - Official Site of the Federal Ministry for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety – - [ [ Sustainable Development ] ] [ [ Category:1965 births ] ] [ [ Category:Living people ] ] [ [ Category:People from Meckenheim ] ] [ [ Category:Hertie School people ] ] [ [ Category:German Roman Catholics ] ] [ [ Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians ] ] [ [ Category:Government ministers of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": "[ [ Category:Environment ministers of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": " [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia ] ] [ [ Category:21st-century German politicians ] ] [ [ Category:University of Bonn alumni ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2002–2005 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1998–2002 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1994–1998 ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": "[ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Norbert_Röttgen#P39#2
|
What was the position of Norbert Röttgen in Mar 2010?
|
Norbert Röttgen Norbert Röttgen ( born 2 July 1965 ) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . He was Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2009 to May 2012 . Early life and education . Röttgen graduated from the Gymnasium of Rheinbach . After completing his Abitur , he started to study law at the University of Bonn in 1984 . He passed his first law examination in 1989 , his second examination in 1993 and practised as a lawyer in Cologne . He obtained a legal doctorate from the University of Bonn in 2001 ; his doctoral thesis was on the Court of Justice of the European Union . Political career . Röttgen joined the CDU in 1982 while he was still a high-school student . From 1992 until 1996 , he served as the chair of the Junge Union , the youth organisation of CDU , in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia . Röttgen was elected to the Bundestag in 1994 . From 2002 until 2005 he served as the legal policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group . During the First Merkel cabinet ( 2005–2009 ) , a grand coalition of the CDU/CSU and SPD , he served as the Chief Parliamentary Secretary of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag until 2009 . In this capacity , he worked closely with the SPD parliamentary floor manager Olaf Scholz to manage and defend the coalition government in parliament . He also served as member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel ( PKGr ) , which provides parliamentary oversight of Germanys intelligence services—BND , MAD and BfV . Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , 2009–2011 . Following the 2009 federal election , Röttgen was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the FDP on a coalition agreement ; he joined the working group on economic affairs and energy policy , led by Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg ( CSU ) and Rainer Brüderle ( FDP ) . From 28 October 2009 , Röttgen was the Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the Second Merkel cabinet . He also served as a member of the Board of Supervisory Directors at KfW from 28 October 2009 to 22 May 2012 . From November 2010 , he was one of the four deputy chairs of the CDU in Germany , as well as the chair of the CDU in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . At the time , he was often mentioned as a potential successor to Merkel as chancellor . Röttgen , in his capacity as environment minister , led the German delegations to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen , the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún and the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban , respectively . In May 2011 , Röttgen announced his governments plans to shut all of the nations nuclear power plants by 2022 . The decision was based on recommendations of an expert commission appointed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster . Later that year , he teamed up with the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) in launching the Bonn Challenge , calling for 150 million hectares of forest – an area four times larger than Germany – to be reforested by 2020 ; the Bonn Challenge was later endorsed at the 2014 UN Climate Summit and supplemented by the New York Declaration on Forests , which calls for an end to deforestation by 2030 . Following the dissolution of the states Landtag on 14 March 2012 , Röttgen confirmed his intention to run in the subsequent election as the CDUs candidate for the office of Minister-President against the incumbent , Hannelore Kraft of the SPD . Röttgen ran against the debt-financed spending supported by Kraft , and even described the vote as a referendum on Merkels Europe policies . However , he was widely seen as having failed to commit himself whole-heartedly to state politics , refusing to promise that if he lost the election he would nonetheless lead the opposition in North Rhine-Westphalia ; 59 percent of respondents to an FG Wahlen poll said his refusal to commit to the state damaged the CDU . Following the election defeat of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia by a margin almost three times more than was predicted in polls , Röttgen resigned his position as head of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia . On 16 May 2012 , Chancellor Merkel fired him under Article 64 of the German Basic Law as Minister for Environment ; Peter Altmaier replaced him , while Armin Laschet took the post of party head in the land . Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs . Since 2014 , Röttgen has been the chairman of the Bundestags Committee on Foreign Affairs . In addition to his committee assignments , he is a member of the German-Swiss Parliamentary Friendship Group . In February 2014 , Röttgen accompanied German President Joachim Gauck on a state visit to India – where they met with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi , among others – and Myanmar . Shortly after the referendum on the status of Crimea held on 16 March 2014 , he and his counterparts of the Weimar Triangle parliaments – Elisabeth Guigou of France and Grzegorz Schetyna of Poland – visited Kyiv to express their countries’ firm support of the territorial integrity and the European integration of Ukraine . This was the first time that parliamentarians of the Weimar Triangle had ever made a joint trip to a third country . Together with President of the Bundestag Wolfgang Schäuble , Röttgen represented Germany at the funeral of U.S . Senator John McCain in 2018 . In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections , Röttgen was part of the working group on foreign policy , led by Ursula von der Leyen , Gerd Müller and Sigmar Gabriel . In 2020 , following the resignation of CDU chairwoman Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer , Röttgen announced his candidacy for the party leadership ; this made him the first official contender in the election . Political views . European integration . In 2011 , Röttgen called for the direct elections of the President of the European Commission , a bicameral political system for the EU , and simultaneous parliamentary elections across the EU . Following the 2016 referendum on European Union membership in the United Kingdom , Röttgen co-authored a paper with Jean Pisani-Ferry , André Sapir , Paul Tucker and Guntram Wolff which lays out a proposal of a continental partnership between the EU and the UK . According to the paper , such a partnership would grant Britain some control over labor mobility while preserving free movement of capital , goods and services . Relations with Russia . Röttgen is considered as an advocate of a more assertive German foreign policy . In an editorial for the Financial Times in March 2014 , he argued that the only people who seemed not to realize that Germany was at the center of the Crimean crisis were the Germans themselves . When Russian state-run energy group Gazprom conducted an asset swap with its long-term German partner BASF , under which it increased its stake in Wingas , Röttgen raised concerns about the deal . In his opinion , expanding Gazprom activities in Germany are deepening our dependence on Russia . In late 2015 , Röttgen called for a review of the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline , saying it was a highly-political subject which carried the risk of splitting Europe and may contradict the aims of the agreed European energy policy . Röttgen supported the European Union leaders decision to impose sanctions on 21 individuals after the referendum in Crimea that paved the way for Putin to annex the region from Ukraine . By August 2014 , he demanded that Europe respond to the escalation of violence in Ukraine by agreeing to further sanctions against Russia , saying that [ a ] ny hesitation would be seen by [ Russian President Vladimir ] Putin as European weakness that would encourage him to keep going . However , he ruled out a U.S . proposal to arm Ukraine against Russia , calling it a grave mistake which not only would [ give ] Putin a pretext to expand the war beyond eastern Ukraine , it would also serve his other goal to divide the West wherever he can . Relations with the Middle East . Amid the debate on sending military assistance to the Iraqi government following a dramatic push by Islamic State militants through northern Iraq in mid-2014 , Röttgen told newspaper Die Welt that delivering weapons would violate the governments arms export guidelines . In 2016 , Röttgen was quoted by Der Spiegel as saying that Germany might end its unconditional support for Israel due to increasing frustration with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahus policies . Israels current policies are not contributing to the country remaining Jewish and democratic , Röttgen was quoted as saying . We must express this concern more clearly to Israel . In 2019 , Röttgen warned that Germany would alienate its European partners if it continued to insist on maintaining a temporary moratorium on arms deliveries to Saudi Arabia . Relations with Iran . In March 2014 , Röttgen was part of a delegation of the European Council of Foreign Relations to Tehran , Iran . In an open letter published in prominent newspapers across Europe – including El Mundo , Corriere della Sera , Svenska Dagbladet , Tagesspiegel , and The Guardian – on 5 November 2014 , he joined Javier Solana , Ana Palacio , Carl Bildt , Emma Bonino , Jean-Marie Guéhenno and Robert Cooper in urging the EU3+3 countries ( the UK , Germany and France and the US , China and Russia ) and Iran to reach agreement on a comprehensive nuclear deal , arguing that there may never again be an opportunity as good as this one to seal a final nuclear deal . Relations with Turkey . In a speech to parliament in April 2015 , Röttgen urged his fellow parliamentarians to call the killing of hundreds of thousands of Armenians under Turkish rule in 1915 genocidal and to acknowledge that German actions at the time were partly to blame , adding that this recognition was overdue . After the 2017 constitutional referendum that handed new powers to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , Herrmann demanded that EU accession talks for Turkey should be ended , not paused . Climate change and the environment . Following the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference , Röttgen sharply criticized both U.S . President Barack Obama and Chinas leadership when he said : China doesnt want to lead , and the U.S . cannot lead . Writing in the Financial Times in 2010 , he joined British Energy Minister Chris Huhne and French Ecology Minister Jean-Louis Borloo in urging the European Union to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent from the originally established 20 percent target by 2020 . Both Angela Merkel and Röttgen , the chief architects of the governments energy transition plan , are thought to have pushed for a rapid nuclear phase-out with a view to raising the prospects for a possible future national coalition with the Green Party . In 2012 , Roettgens plan to cut subsidies for solar power drew fire from opposition parties and the photovoltaic industry , which said the move threatened thousands of jobs in what was then the worlds biggest solar market by installed capacity . Relations with the African continent . Röttgen has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent , such as in Somalia – both Operation Atalanta and EUTM Somalia – ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2015 ) , Darfur/Sudan ( 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , South Sudan ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , Mali ( 2013 and 2014 ) , the Central African Republic ( 2014 ) and Liberia ( 2015 ) . He abstained from the votes on extending the mandates for Operation Atalanta in 2009 and 2010 as well as on EUTM Somalia in 2016 . Relations with China . After European ambassadors wrote an open letter , praising 45 years of Sino-European relations , they found that China Daily , which is a state-controlled media outlet , refused to publish unless it was significantly changed . In particular , that references to the origins of Coronavirus disease 2019 coming from China be removed . The Europeans quickly accommodated this request . As the head of the German parliaments foreign affairs committee , Röttgen criticised the European back-pedalling:I am shocked not once but twice : First the EU ambassadors generously adopt Chinese narratives and then on top of that the EU representation accepts Chinese censorship of the joint op-ed . Speaking with one voice is important , but it has to reflect our shared European values and interests . In a joint letter initiated by Röttgen and Anthony Gonzalez ahead of the 47th G7 summit in 2021 , some 70 legislators from Europe and the US called upon their leaders to take a tough stance on China and to avoid becoming dependent on the country for technology including artificial intelligence and 5G . Other activities . Corporate boards . - KfW , Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors ( 2009–2012 ) Non-profit organizations . - Club of Three , President of the Steering Group ( since 2019 ) - Atlantik-Brücke , Deputy chairman of the board ( since 2019 ) - European Council on Foreign Relations ( ECFR ) , Co-Chair ( since 2019 ) - Development and Peace Foundation ( SEF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2019 ) - [ [ Hertie School of Governance ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2008 ) - Asia House , Member of the Advisory Board - [ [ Humanity in Action ] ] Germany , Member of the Advisory Board - [ [ CARE ( relief agency ) |CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - German Industry Initiative for Energy Efficiency ( DENEFF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees - Jacques Delors Institute Berlin , Chairman of the Advisory Board - [ [ Konrad Adenauer Foundation ] ] , Member - [ [ Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - Stiftung Neue Verantwortung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Turkey : Culture of Change Initiative ( TCCI ) , Member of the Advisory Board - Villa Vigoni Association , Non-permanent Member of the Board of Trustees - [ [ Federal Agency for Civic Education ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 1998–2005 ) - [ [ Haus der Geschichte ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 2002–2005 ) Personal life . Röttgen is married to Ebba Herfs-Röttgen , a lawyer . The couple have three children . In his childhood , Röttgen played the [ [ accordion ] ] . Publications . - 1 . Was bedeutet Fortschritt heute ? Röttgen , Norbert . – Berlin : BMU , Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit , 2010 , Stand : Februar 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 2 . Bürokratiekostenabbau in Deutschland . Baden-Baden : Nomos , 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 3 . Deutschlands beste Jahre kommen noch . Röttgen , Norbert . – München : Piper , 2009 - 4 . Wir haben viel erreicht . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2008 - 5 . Parlamentarische Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste im demokratischen . Rechtsstaat . Sankt Augustin : Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , 2008 - 6 . Wirtschaft trifft Politik / 2007 . Deutschland und Europa im Prozess der Globalisierung . 2008 - 7 . Gut , dass die Union regiert . Berlin : CDU/CSU Fraktion im deutschen Bundestag , 2007 , Stand : September 2007 - 8 . Was wir erreicht haben . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2006 - 9 . Die Argumentation des Europäischen Gerichtshofes . Röttgen , Norbert , 2001 References . - General-Anzeiger Bonn : Interview from 18 . November 2006 Norbert Röttgen in the Newspaper General Anzeiger - Biography of Norbert Röttgen from the Federal Minister for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany – - Mr . Andreas Carlgren in SvD Newspaper External links . - Official Site of Dr . Norbert Röttgen - Official Site of the German Parliament – – - Official Site of the Federal Ministry for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety – - [ [ Sustainable Development ] ] [ [ Category:1965 births ] ] [ [ Category:Living people ] ] [ [ Category:People from Meckenheim ] ] [ [ Category:Hertie School people ] ] [ [ Category:German Roman Catholics ] ] [ [ Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians ] ] [ [ Category:Government ministers of Germany ] ] [ [ Category:Environment ministers of Germany ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia ] ] [ [ Category:21st-century German politicians ] ] [ [ Category:University of Bonn alumni ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2002–2005 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1998–2002 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1994–1998 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany ] ]
|
[
"Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety"
] |
[
{
"text": " Norbert Röttgen ( born 2 July 1965 ) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . He was Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2009 to May 2012 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen graduated from the Gymnasium of Rheinbach . After completing his Abitur , he started to study law at the University of Bonn in 1984 . He passed his first law examination in 1989 , his second examination in 1993 and practised as a lawyer in Cologne .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": " He obtained a legal doctorate from the University of Bonn in 2001 ; his doctoral thesis was on the Court of Justice of the European Union .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen joined the CDU in 1982 while he was still a high-school student . From 1992 until 1996 , he served as the chair of the Junge Union , the youth organisation of CDU , in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen was elected to the Bundestag in 1994 . From 2002 until 2005 he served as the legal policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group . During the First Merkel cabinet ( 2005–2009 ) , a grand coalition of the CDU/CSU and SPD , he served as the Chief Parliamentary Secretary of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag until 2009 . In this capacity , he worked closely with the SPD parliamentary floor manager Olaf Scholz to manage and defend the coalition government in parliament . He also served as member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel ( PKGr )",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ", which provides parliamentary oversight of Germanys intelligence services—BND , MAD and BfV .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , 2009–2011 . Following the 2009 federal election , Röttgen was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the FDP on a coalition agreement ; he joined the working group on economic affairs and energy policy , led by Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg ( CSU ) and Rainer Brüderle ( FDP ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 28 October 2009 , Röttgen was the Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the Second Merkel cabinet . He also served as a member of the Board of Supervisory Directors at KfW from 28 October 2009 to 22 May 2012 . From November 2010 , he was one of the four deputy chairs of the CDU in Germany , as well as the chair of the CDU in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . At the time , he was often mentioned as a potential successor to Merkel as chancellor .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen , in his capacity as environment minister , led the German delegations to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen , the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún and the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban , respectively .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In May 2011 , Röttgen announced his governments plans to shut all of the nations nuclear power plants by 2022 . The decision was based on recommendations of an expert commission appointed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster . Later that year , he teamed up with the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) in launching the Bonn Challenge , calling for 150 million hectares of forest – an area four times larger than Germany – to be reforested by 2020 ; the Bonn Challenge was later endorsed at the 2014 UN Climate Summit and supplemented by",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "the New York Declaration on Forests , which calls for an end to deforestation by 2030 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Following the dissolution of the states Landtag on 14 March 2012 , Röttgen confirmed his intention to run in the subsequent election as the CDUs candidate for the office of Minister-President against the incumbent , Hannelore Kraft of the SPD . Röttgen ran against the debt-financed spending supported by Kraft , and even described the vote as a referendum on Merkels Europe policies . However , he was widely seen as having failed to commit himself whole-heartedly to state politics , refusing to promise that if he lost the election he would nonetheless lead the opposition in North Rhine-Westphalia ;",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "59 percent of respondents to an FG Wahlen poll said his refusal to commit to the state damaged the CDU .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Following the election defeat of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia by a margin almost three times more than was predicted in polls , Röttgen resigned his position as head of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia . On 16 May 2012 , Chancellor Merkel fired him under Article 64 of the German Basic Law as Minister for Environment ; Peter Altmaier replaced him , while Armin Laschet took the post of party head in the land . Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Since 2014 , Röttgen has been the chairman of the Bundestags Committee on Foreign Affairs . In addition to his committee assignments , he is a member of the German-Swiss Parliamentary Friendship Group .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In February 2014 , Röttgen accompanied German President Joachim Gauck on a state visit to India – where they met with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi , among others – and Myanmar . Shortly after the referendum on the status of Crimea held on 16 March 2014 , he and his counterparts of the Weimar Triangle parliaments – Elisabeth Guigou of France and Grzegorz Schetyna of Poland – visited Kyiv to express their countries’ firm support of the territorial integrity and the European integration of Ukraine . This was the first time that parliamentarians of the Weimar Triangle",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "had ever made a joint trip to a third country .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Together with President of the Bundestag Wolfgang Schäuble , Röttgen represented Germany at the funeral of U.S . Senator John McCain in 2018 . In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections , Röttgen was part of the working group on foreign policy , led by Ursula von der Leyen , Gerd Müller and Sigmar Gabriel .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2020 , following the resignation of CDU chairwoman Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer , Röttgen announced his candidacy for the party leadership ; this made him the first official contender in the election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Röttgen called for the direct elections of the President of the European Commission , a bicameral political system for the EU , and simultaneous parliamentary elections across the EU .",
"title": "European integration"
},
{
"text": "Following the 2016 referendum on European Union membership in the United Kingdom , Röttgen co-authored a paper with Jean Pisani-Ferry , André Sapir , Paul Tucker and Guntram Wolff which lays out a proposal of a continental partnership between the EU and the UK . According to the paper , such a partnership would grant Britain some control over labor mobility while preserving free movement of capital , goods and services .",
"title": "European integration"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen is considered as an advocate of a more assertive German foreign policy . In an editorial for the Financial Times in March 2014 , he argued that the only people who seemed not to realize that Germany was at the center of the Crimean crisis were the Germans themselves . When Russian state-run energy group Gazprom conducted an asset swap with its long-term German partner BASF , under which it increased its stake in Wingas , Röttgen raised concerns about the deal . In his opinion , expanding Gazprom activities in Germany are deepening our dependence on Russia .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In late 2015 , Röttgen called for a review of the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline , saying it was a highly-political subject which carried the risk of splitting Europe and may contradict the aims of the agreed European energy policy .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen supported the European Union leaders decision to impose sanctions on 21 individuals after the referendum in Crimea that paved the way for Putin to annex the region from Ukraine . By August 2014 , he demanded that Europe respond to the escalation of violence in Ukraine by agreeing to further sanctions against Russia , saying that [ a ] ny hesitation would be seen by [ Russian President Vladimir ] Putin as European weakness that would encourage him to keep going . However , he ruled out a U.S . proposal to arm Ukraine against Russia , calling it",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "a grave mistake which not only would [ give ] Putin a pretext to expand the war beyond eastern Ukraine , it would also serve his other goal to divide the West wherever he can .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": " Relations with the Middle East . Amid the debate on sending military assistance to the Iraqi government following a dramatic push by Islamic State militants through northern Iraq in mid-2014 , Röttgen told newspaper Die Welt that delivering weapons would violate the governments arms export guidelines .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Röttgen was quoted by Der Spiegel as saying that Germany might end its unconditional support for Israel due to increasing frustration with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahus policies . Israels current policies are not contributing to the country remaining Jewish and democratic , Röttgen was quoted as saying . We must express this concern more clearly to Israel .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": " In 2019 , Röttgen warned that Germany would alienate its European partners if it continued to insist on maintaining a temporary moratorium on arms deliveries to Saudi Arabia .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In March 2014 , Röttgen was part of a delegation of the European Council of Foreign Relations to Tehran , Iran . In an open letter published in prominent newspapers across Europe – including El Mundo , Corriere della Sera , Svenska Dagbladet , Tagesspiegel , and The Guardian – on 5 November 2014 , he joined Javier Solana , Ana Palacio , Carl Bildt , Emma Bonino , Jean-Marie Guéhenno and Robert Cooper in urging the EU3+3 countries ( the UK , Germany and France and the US , China and Russia ) and Iran to reach agreement on",
"title": "Relations with Iran"
},
{
"text": "a comprehensive nuclear deal , arguing that there may never again be an opportunity as good as this one to seal a final nuclear deal .",
"title": "Relations with Iran"
},
{
"text": " In a speech to parliament in April 2015 , Röttgen urged his fellow parliamentarians to call the killing of hundreds of thousands of Armenians under Turkish rule in 1915 genocidal and to acknowledge that German actions at the time were partly to blame , adding that this recognition was overdue . After the 2017 constitutional referendum that handed new powers to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , Herrmann demanded that EU accession talks for Turkey should be ended , not paused . Climate change and the environment .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "Following the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference , Röttgen sharply criticized both U.S . President Barack Obama and Chinas leadership when he said : China doesnt want to lead , and the U.S . cannot lead . Writing in the Financial Times in 2010 , he joined British Energy Minister Chris Huhne and French Ecology Minister Jean-Louis Borloo in urging the European Union to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent from the originally established 20 percent target by 2020 .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": " Both Angela Merkel and Röttgen , the chief architects of the governments energy transition plan , are thought to have pushed for a rapid nuclear phase-out with a view to raising the prospects for a possible future national coalition with the Green Party . In 2012 , Roettgens plan to cut subsidies for solar power drew fire from opposition parties and the photovoltaic industry , which said the move threatened thousands of jobs in what was then the worlds biggest solar market by installed capacity . Relations with the African continent .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent , such as in Somalia – both Operation Atalanta and EUTM Somalia – ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2015 ) , Darfur/Sudan ( 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , South Sudan ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , Mali ( 2013 and 2014 ) , the Central African Republic ( 2014 ) and Liberia ( 2015 ) .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "He abstained from the votes on extending the mandates for Operation Atalanta in 2009 and 2010 as well as on EUTM Somalia in 2016 .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "After European ambassadors wrote an open letter , praising 45 years of Sino-European relations , they found that China Daily , which is a state-controlled media outlet , refused to publish unless it was significantly changed . In particular , that references to the origins of Coronavirus disease 2019 coming from China be removed . The Europeans quickly accommodated this request . As the head of the German parliaments foreign affairs committee , Röttgen criticised the European back-pedalling:I am shocked not once but twice : First the EU ambassadors generously adopt Chinese narratives and then on top of that the",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": "EU representation accepts Chinese censorship of the joint op-ed . Speaking with one voice is important , but it has to reflect our shared European values and interests .",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": " In a joint letter initiated by Röttgen and Anthony Gonzalez ahead of the 47th G7 summit in 2021 , some 70 legislators from Europe and the US called upon their leaders to take a tough stance on China and to avoid becoming dependent on the country for technology including artificial intelligence and 5G .",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": " - Club of Three , President of the Steering Group ( since 2019 ) - Atlantik-Brücke , Deputy chairman of the board ( since 2019 ) - European Council on Foreign Relations ( ECFR ) , Co-Chair ( since 2019 ) - Development and Peace Foundation ( SEF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2019 ) - [ [ Hertie School of Governance ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2008 ) - Asia House , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": "- [ [ Humanity in Action ] ] Germany , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " - [ [ CARE ( relief agency ) |CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - German Industry Initiative for Energy Efficiency ( DENEFF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees - Jacques Delors Institute Berlin , Chairman of the Advisory Board - [ [ Konrad Adenauer Foundation ] ] , Member - [ [ Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - Stiftung Neue Verantwortung , Member of the Board of Trustees",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": "- Turkey : Culture of Change Initiative ( TCCI ) , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " - Villa Vigoni Association , Non-permanent Member of the Board of Trustees - [ [ Federal Agency for Civic Education ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 1998–2005 ) - [ [ Haus der Geschichte ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 2002–2005 )",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen is married to Ebba Herfs-Röttgen , a lawyer . The couple have three children . In his childhood , Röttgen played the [ [ accordion ] ] .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 1 . Was bedeutet Fortschritt heute ? Röttgen , Norbert . – Berlin : BMU , Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit , 2010 , Stand : Februar 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 2 . Bürokratiekostenabbau in Deutschland . Baden-Baden : Nomos , 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 3 . Deutschlands beste Jahre kommen noch . Röttgen , Norbert . – München : Piper , 2009 - 4 . Wir haben viel erreicht . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2008",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- 5 . Parlamentarische Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste im demokratischen . Rechtsstaat . Sankt Augustin : Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , 2008",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - 6 . Wirtschaft trifft Politik / 2007 . Deutschland und Europa im Prozess der Globalisierung . 2008 - 7 . Gut , dass die Union regiert . Berlin : CDU/CSU Fraktion im deutschen Bundestag , 2007 , Stand : September 2007 - 8 . Was wir erreicht haben . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2006 - 9 . Die Argumentation des Europäischen Gerichtshofes . Röttgen , Norbert , 2001",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - General-Anzeiger Bonn : Interview from 18 . November 2006 Norbert Röttgen in the Newspaper General Anzeiger - Biography of Norbert Röttgen from the Federal Minister for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany – - Mr . Andreas Carlgren in SvD Newspaper",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Official Site of Dr . Norbert Röttgen - Official Site of the German Parliament – – - Official Site of the Federal Ministry for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety – - [ [ Sustainable Development ] ] [ [ Category:1965 births ] ] [ [ Category:Living people ] ] [ [ Category:People from Meckenheim ] ] [ [ Category:Hertie School people ] ] [ [ Category:German Roman Catholics ] ] [ [ Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians ] ] [ [ Category:Government ministers of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": "[ [ Category:Environment ministers of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": " [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia ] ] [ [ Category:21st-century German politicians ] ] [ [ Category:University of Bonn alumni ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2002–2005 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1998–2002 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1994–1998 ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": "[ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Norbert_Röttgen#P39#3
|
What was the position of Norbert Röttgen after Jun 2018?
|
Norbert Röttgen Norbert Röttgen ( born 2 July 1965 ) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . He was Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2009 to May 2012 . Early life and education . Röttgen graduated from the Gymnasium of Rheinbach . After completing his Abitur , he started to study law at the University of Bonn in 1984 . He passed his first law examination in 1989 , his second examination in 1993 and practised as a lawyer in Cologne . He obtained a legal doctorate from the University of Bonn in 2001 ; his doctoral thesis was on the Court of Justice of the European Union . Political career . Röttgen joined the CDU in 1982 while he was still a high-school student . From 1992 until 1996 , he served as the chair of the Junge Union , the youth organisation of CDU , in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia . Röttgen was elected to the Bundestag in 1994 . From 2002 until 2005 he served as the legal policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group . During the First Merkel cabinet ( 2005–2009 ) , a grand coalition of the CDU/CSU and SPD , he served as the Chief Parliamentary Secretary of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag until 2009 . In this capacity , he worked closely with the SPD parliamentary floor manager Olaf Scholz to manage and defend the coalition government in parliament . He also served as member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel ( PKGr ) , which provides parliamentary oversight of Germanys intelligence services—BND , MAD and BfV . Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , 2009–2011 . Following the 2009 federal election , Röttgen was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the FDP on a coalition agreement ; he joined the working group on economic affairs and energy policy , led by Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg ( CSU ) and Rainer Brüderle ( FDP ) . From 28 October 2009 , Röttgen was the Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the Second Merkel cabinet . He also served as a member of the Board of Supervisory Directors at KfW from 28 October 2009 to 22 May 2012 . From November 2010 , he was one of the four deputy chairs of the CDU in Germany , as well as the chair of the CDU in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . At the time , he was often mentioned as a potential successor to Merkel as chancellor . Röttgen , in his capacity as environment minister , led the German delegations to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen , the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún and the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban , respectively . In May 2011 , Röttgen announced his governments plans to shut all of the nations nuclear power plants by 2022 . The decision was based on recommendations of an expert commission appointed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster . Later that year , he teamed up with the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) in launching the Bonn Challenge , calling for 150 million hectares of forest – an area four times larger than Germany – to be reforested by 2020 ; the Bonn Challenge was later endorsed at the 2014 UN Climate Summit and supplemented by the New York Declaration on Forests , which calls for an end to deforestation by 2030 . Following the dissolution of the states Landtag on 14 March 2012 , Röttgen confirmed his intention to run in the subsequent election as the CDUs candidate for the office of Minister-President against the incumbent , Hannelore Kraft of the SPD . Röttgen ran against the debt-financed spending supported by Kraft , and even described the vote as a referendum on Merkels Europe policies . However , he was widely seen as having failed to commit himself whole-heartedly to state politics , refusing to promise that if he lost the election he would nonetheless lead the opposition in North Rhine-Westphalia ; 59 percent of respondents to an FG Wahlen poll said his refusal to commit to the state damaged the CDU . Following the election defeat of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia by a margin almost three times more than was predicted in polls , Röttgen resigned his position as head of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia . On 16 May 2012 , Chancellor Merkel fired him under Article 64 of the German Basic Law as Minister for Environment ; Peter Altmaier replaced him , while Armin Laschet took the post of party head in the land . Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs . Since 2014 , Röttgen has been the chairman of the Bundestags Committee on Foreign Affairs . In addition to his committee assignments , he is a member of the German-Swiss Parliamentary Friendship Group . In February 2014 , Röttgen accompanied German President Joachim Gauck on a state visit to India – where they met with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi , among others – and Myanmar . Shortly after the referendum on the status of Crimea held on 16 March 2014 , he and his counterparts of the Weimar Triangle parliaments – Elisabeth Guigou of France and Grzegorz Schetyna of Poland – visited Kyiv to express their countries’ firm support of the territorial integrity and the European integration of Ukraine . This was the first time that parliamentarians of the Weimar Triangle had ever made a joint trip to a third country . Together with President of the Bundestag Wolfgang Schäuble , Röttgen represented Germany at the funeral of U.S . Senator John McCain in 2018 . In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections , Röttgen was part of the working group on foreign policy , led by Ursula von der Leyen , Gerd Müller and Sigmar Gabriel . In 2020 , following the resignation of CDU chairwoman Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer , Röttgen announced his candidacy for the party leadership ; this made him the first official contender in the election . Political views . European integration . In 2011 , Röttgen called for the direct elections of the President of the European Commission , a bicameral political system for the EU , and simultaneous parliamentary elections across the EU . Following the 2016 referendum on European Union membership in the United Kingdom , Röttgen co-authored a paper with Jean Pisani-Ferry , André Sapir , Paul Tucker and Guntram Wolff which lays out a proposal of a continental partnership between the EU and the UK . According to the paper , such a partnership would grant Britain some control over labor mobility while preserving free movement of capital , goods and services . Relations with Russia . Röttgen is considered as an advocate of a more assertive German foreign policy . In an editorial for the Financial Times in March 2014 , he argued that the only people who seemed not to realize that Germany was at the center of the Crimean crisis were the Germans themselves . When Russian state-run energy group Gazprom conducted an asset swap with its long-term German partner BASF , under which it increased its stake in Wingas , Röttgen raised concerns about the deal . In his opinion , expanding Gazprom activities in Germany are deepening our dependence on Russia . In late 2015 , Röttgen called for a review of the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline , saying it was a highly-political subject which carried the risk of splitting Europe and may contradict the aims of the agreed European energy policy . Röttgen supported the European Union leaders decision to impose sanctions on 21 individuals after the referendum in Crimea that paved the way for Putin to annex the region from Ukraine . By August 2014 , he demanded that Europe respond to the escalation of violence in Ukraine by agreeing to further sanctions against Russia , saying that [ a ] ny hesitation would be seen by [ Russian President Vladimir ] Putin as European weakness that would encourage him to keep going . However , he ruled out a U.S . proposal to arm Ukraine against Russia , calling it a grave mistake which not only would [ give ] Putin a pretext to expand the war beyond eastern Ukraine , it would also serve his other goal to divide the West wherever he can . Relations with the Middle East . Amid the debate on sending military assistance to the Iraqi government following a dramatic push by Islamic State militants through northern Iraq in mid-2014 , Röttgen told newspaper Die Welt that delivering weapons would violate the governments arms export guidelines . In 2016 , Röttgen was quoted by Der Spiegel as saying that Germany might end its unconditional support for Israel due to increasing frustration with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahus policies . Israels current policies are not contributing to the country remaining Jewish and democratic , Röttgen was quoted as saying . We must express this concern more clearly to Israel . In 2019 , Röttgen warned that Germany would alienate its European partners if it continued to insist on maintaining a temporary moratorium on arms deliveries to Saudi Arabia . Relations with Iran . In March 2014 , Röttgen was part of a delegation of the European Council of Foreign Relations to Tehran , Iran . In an open letter published in prominent newspapers across Europe – including El Mundo , Corriere della Sera , Svenska Dagbladet , Tagesspiegel , and The Guardian – on 5 November 2014 , he joined Javier Solana , Ana Palacio , Carl Bildt , Emma Bonino , Jean-Marie Guéhenno and Robert Cooper in urging the EU3+3 countries ( the UK , Germany and France and the US , China and Russia ) and Iran to reach agreement on a comprehensive nuclear deal , arguing that there may never again be an opportunity as good as this one to seal a final nuclear deal . Relations with Turkey . In a speech to parliament in April 2015 , Röttgen urged his fellow parliamentarians to call the killing of hundreds of thousands of Armenians under Turkish rule in 1915 genocidal and to acknowledge that German actions at the time were partly to blame , adding that this recognition was overdue . After the 2017 constitutional referendum that handed new powers to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , Herrmann demanded that EU accession talks for Turkey should be ended , not paused . Climate change and the environment . Following the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference , Röttgen sharply criticized both U.S . President Barack Obama and Chinas leadership when he said : China doesnt want to lead , and the U.S . cannot lead . Writing in the Financial Times in 2010 , he joined British Energy Minister Chris Huhne and French Ecology Minister Jean-Louis Borloo in urging the European Union to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent from the originally established 20 percent target by 2020 . Both Angela Merkel and Röttgen , the chief architects of the governments energy transition plan , are thought to have pushed for a rapid nuclear phase-out with a view to raising the prospects for a possible future national coalition with the Green Party . In 2012 , Roettgens plan to cut subsidies for solar power drew fire from opposition parties and the photovoltaic industry , which said the move threatened thousands of jobs in what was then the worlds biggest solar market by installed capacity . Relations with the African continent . Röttgen has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent , such as in Somalia – both Operation Atalanta and EUTM Somalia – ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2015 ) , Darfur/Sudan ( 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , South Sudan ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , Mali ( 2013 and 2014 ) , the Central African Republic ( 2014 ) and Liberia ( 2015 ) . He abstained from the votes on extending the mandates for Operation Atalanta in 2009 and 2010 as well as on EUTM Somalia in 2016 . Relations with China . After European ambassadors wrote an open letter , praising 45 years of Sino-European relations , they found that China Daily , which is a state-controlled media outlet , refused to publish unless it was significantly changed . In particular , that references to the origins of Coronavirus disease 2019 coming from China be removed . The Europeans quickly accommodated this request . As the head of the German parliaments foreign affairs committee , Röttgen criticised the European back-pedalling:I am shocked not once but twice : First the EU ambassadors generously adopt Chinese narratives and then on top of that the EU representation accepts Chinese censorship of the joint op-ed . Speaking with one voice is important , but it has to reflect our shared European values and interests . In a joint letter initiated by Röttgen and Anthony Gonzalez ahead of the 47th G7 summit in 2021 , some 70 legislators from Europe and the US called upon their leaders to take a tough stance on China and to avoid becoming dependent on the country for technology including artificial intelligence and 5G . Other activities . Corporate boards . - KfW , Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors ( 2009–2012 ) Non-profit organizations . - Club of Three , President of the Steering Group ( since 2019 ) - Atlantik-Brücke , Deputy chairman of the board ( since 2019 ) - European Council on Foreign Relations ( ECFR ) , Co-Chair ( since 2019 ) - Development and Peace Foundation ( SEF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2019 ) - [ [ Hertie School of Governance ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2008 ) - Asia House , Member of the Advisory Board - [ [ Humanity in Action ] ] Germany , Member of the Advisory Board - [ [ CARE ( relief agency ) |CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - German Industry Initiative for Energy Efficiency ( DENEFF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees - Jacques Delors Institute Berlin , Chairman of the Advisory Board - [ [ Konrad Adenauer Foundation ] ] , Member - [ [ Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - Stiftung Neue Verantwortung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Turkey : Culture of Change Initiative ( TCCI ) , Member of the Advisory Board - Villa Vigoni Association , Non-permanent Member of the Board of Trustees - [ [ Federal Agency for Civic Education ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 1998–2005 ) - [ [ Haus der Geschichte ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 2002–2005 ) Personal life . Röttgen is married to Ebba Herfs-Röttgen , a lawyer . The couple have three children . In his childhood , Röttgen played the [ [ accordion ] ] . Publications . - 1 . Was bedeutet Fortschritt heute ? Röttgen , Norbert . – Berlin : BMU , Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit , 2010 , Stand : Februar 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 2 . Bürokratiekostenabbau in Deutschland . Baden-Baden : Nomos , 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 3 . Deutschlands beste Jahre kommen noch . Röttgen , Norbert . – München : Piper , 2009 - 4 . Wir haben viel erreicht . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2008 - 5 . Parlamentarische Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste im demokratischen . Rechtsstaat . Sankt Augustin : Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , 2008 - 6 . Wirtschaft trifft Politik / 2007 . Deutschland und Europa im Prozess der Globalisierung . 2008 - 7 . Gut , dass die Union regiert . Berlin : CDU/CSU Fraktion im deutschen Bundestag , 2007 , Stand : September 2007 - 8 . Was wir erreicht haben . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2006 - 9 . Die Argumentation des Europäischen Gerichtshofes . Röttgen , Norbert , 2001 References . - General-Anzeiger Bonn : Interview from 18 . November 2006 Norbert Röttgen in the Newspaper General Anzeiger - Biography of Norbert Röttgen from the Federal Minister for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany – - Mr . Andreas Carlgren in SvD Newspaper External links . - Official Site of Dr . Norbert Röttgen - Official Site of the German Parliament – – - Official Site of the Federal Ministry for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety – - [ [ Sustainable Development ] ] [ [ Category:1965 births ] ] [ [ Category:Living people ] ] [ [ Category:People from Meckenheim ] ] [ [ Category:Hertie School people ] ] [ [ Category:German Roman Catholics ] ] [ [ Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians ] ] [ [ Category:Government ministers of Germany ] ] [ [ Category:Environment ministers of Germany ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia ] ] [ [ Category:21st-century German politicians ] ] [ [ Category:University of Bonn alumni ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2002–2005 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1998–2002 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1994–1998 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany ] ]
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Norbert Röttgen ( born 2 July 1965 ) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . He was Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2009 to May 2012 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen graduated from the Gymnasium of Rheinbach . After completing his Abitur , he started to study law at the University of Bonn in 1984 . He passed his first law examination in 1989 , his second examination in 1993 and practised as a lawyer in Cologne .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": " He obtained a legal doctorate from the University of Bonn in 2001 ; his doctoral thesis was on the Court of Justice of the European Union .",
"title": "Norbert Röttgen"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen joined the CDU in 1982 while he was still a high-school student . From 1992 until 1996 , he served as the chair of the Junge Union , the youth organisation of CDU , in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen was elected to the Bundestag in 1994 . From 2002 until 2005 he served as the legal policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group . During the First Merkel cabinet ( 2005–2009 ) , a grand coalition of the CDU/CSU and SPD , he served as the Chief Parliamentary Secretary of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag until 2009 . In this capacity , he worked closely with the SPD parliamentary floor manager Olaf Scholz to manage and defend the coalition government in parliament . He also served as member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel ( PKGr )",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ", which provides parliamentary oversight of Germanys intelligence services—BND , MAD and BfV .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , 2009–2011 . Following the 2009 federal election , Röttgen was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the FDP on a coalition agreement ; he joined the working group on economic affairs and energy policy , led by Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg ( CSU ) and Rainer Brüderle ( FDP ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "From 28 October 2009 , Röttgen was the Federal Minister for Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the Second Merkel cabinet . He also served as a member of the Board of Supervisory Directors at KfW from 28 October 2009 to 22 May 2012 . From November 2010 , he was one of the four deputy chairs of the CDU in Germany , as well as the chair of the CDU in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . At the time , he was often mentioned as a potential successor to Merkel as chancellor .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen , in his capacity as environment minister , led the German delegations to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen , the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún and the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban , respectively .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In May 2011 , Röttgen announced his governments plans to shut all of the nations nuclear power plants by 2022 . The decision was based on recommendations of an expert commission appointed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster . Later that year , he teamed up with the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) in launching the Bonn Challenge , calling for 150 million hectares of forest – an area four times larger than Germany – to be reforested by 2020 ; the Bonn Challenge was later endorsed at the 2014 UN Climate Summit and supplemented by",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "the New York Declaration on Forests , which calls for an end to deforestation by 2030 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Following the dissolution of the states Landtag on 14 March 2012 , Röttgen confirmed his intention to run in the subsequent election as the CDUs candidate for the office of Minister-President against the incumbent , Hannelore Kraft of the SPD . Röttgen ran against the debt-financed spending supported by Kraft , and even described the vote as a referendum on Merkels Europe policies . However , he was widely seen as having failed to commit himself whole-heartedly to state politics , refusing to promise that if he lost the election he would nonetheless lead the opposition in North Rhine-Westphalia ;",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "59 percent of respondents to an FG Wahlen poll said his refusal to commit to the state damaged the CDU .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Following the election defeat of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia by a margin almost three times more than was predicted in polls , Röttgen resigned his position as head of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia . On 16 May 2012 , Chancellor Merkel fired him under Article 64 of the German Basic Law as Minister for Environment ; Peter Altmaier replaced him , while Armin Laschet took the post of party head in the land . Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Since 2014 , Röttgen has been the chairman of the Bundestags Committee on Foreign Affairs . In addition to his committee assignments , he is a member of the German-Swiss Parliamentary Friendship Group .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In February 2014 , Röttgen accompanied German President Joachim Gauck on a state visit to India – where they met with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi , among others – and Myanmar . Shortly after the referendum on the status of Crimea held on 16 March 2014 , he and his counterparts of the Weimar Triangle parliaments – Elisabeth Guigou of France and Grzegorz Schetyna of Poland – visited Kyiv to express their countries’ firm support of the territorial integrity and the European integration of Ukraine . This was the first time that parliamentarians of the Weimar Triangle",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "had ever made a joint trip to a third country .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Together with President of the Bundestag Wolfgang Schäuble , Röttgen represented Germany at the funeral of U.S . Senator John McCain in 2018 . In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections , Röttgen was part of the working group on foreign policy , led by Ursula von der Leyen , Gerd Müller and Sigmar Gabriel .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2020 , following the resignation of CDU chairwoman Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer , Röttgen announced his candidacy for the party leadership ; this made him the first official contender in the election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Röttgen called for the direct elections of the President of the European Commission , a bicameral political system for the EU , and simultaneous parliamentary elections across the EU .",
"title": "European integration"
},
{
"text": "Following the 2016 referendum on European Union membership in the United Kingdom , Röttgen co-authored a paper with Jean Pisani-Ferry , André Sapir , Paul Tucker and Guntram Wolff which lays out a proposal of a continental partnership between the EU and the UK . According to the paper , such a partnership would grant Britain some control over labor mobility while preserving free movement of capital , goods and services .",
"title": "European integration"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen is considered as an advocate of a more assertive German foreign policy . In an editorial for the Financial Times in March 2014 , he argued that the only people who seemed not to realize that Germany was at the center of the Crimean crisis were the Germans themselves . When Russian state-run energy group Gazprom conducted an asset swap with its long-term German partner BASF , under which it increased its stake in Wingas , Röttgen raised concerns about the deal . In his opinion , expanding Gazprom activities in Germany are deepening our dependence on Russia .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In late 2015 , Röttgen called for a review of the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline , saying it was a highly-political subject which carried the risk of splitting Europe and may contradict the aims of the agreed European energy policy .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen supported the European Union leaders decision to impose sanctions on 21 individuals after the referendum in Crimea that paved the way for Putin to annex the region from Ukraine . By August 2014 , he demanded that Europe respond to the escalation of violence in Ukraine by agreeing to further sanctions against Russia , saying that [ a ] ny hesitation would be seen by [ Russian President Vladimir ] Putin as European weakness that would encourage him to keep going . However , he ruled out a U.S . proposal to arm Ukraine against Russia , calling it",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "a grave mistake which not only would [ give ] Putin a pretext to expand the war beyond eastern Ukraine , it would also serve his other goal to divide the West wherever he can .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": " Relations with the Middle East . Amid the debate on sending military assistance to the Iraqi government following a dramatic push by Islamic State militants through northern Iraq in mid-2014 , Röttgen told newspaper Die Welt that delivering weapons would violate the governments arms export guidelines .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Röttgen was quoted by Der Spiegel as saying that Germany might end its unconditional support for Israel due to increasing frustration with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahus policies . Israels current policies are not contributing to the country remaining Jewish and democratic , Röttgen was quoted as saying . We must express this concern more clearly to Israel .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": " In 2019 , Röttgen warned that Germany would alienate its European partners if it continued to insist on maintaining a temporary moratorium on arms deliveries to Saudi Arabia .",
"title": "Relations with Russia"
},
{
"text": "In March 2014 , Röttgen was part of a delegation of the European Council of Foreign Relations to Tehran , Iran . In an open letter published in prominent newspapers across Europe – including El Mundo , Corriere della Sera , Svenska Dagbladet , Tagesspiegel , and The Guardian – on 5 November 2014 , he joined Javier Solana , Ana Palacio , Carl Bildt , Emma Bonino , Jean-Marie Guéhenno and Robert Cooper in urging the EU3+3 countries ( the UK , Germany and France and the US , China and Russia ) and Iran to reach agreement on",
"title": "Relations with Iran"
},
{
"text": "a comprehensive nuclear deal , arguing that there may never again be an opportunity as good as this one to seal a final nuclear deal .",
"title": "Relations with Iran"
},
{
"text": " In a speech to parliament in April 2015 , Röttgen urged his fellow parliamentarians to call the killing of hundreds of thousands of Armenians under Turkish rule in 1915 genocidal and to acknowledge that German actions at the time were partly to blame , adding that this recognition was overdue . After the 2017 constitutional referendum that handed new powers to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , Herrmann demanded that EU accession talks for Turkey should be ended , not paused . Climate change and the environment .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "Following the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference , Röttgen sharply criticized both U.S . President Barack Obama and Chinas leadership when he said : China doesnt want to lead , and the U.S . cannot lead . Writing in the Financial Times in 2010 , he joined British Energy Minister Chris Huhne and French Ecology Minister Jean-Louis Borloo in urging the European Union to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent from the originally established 20 percent target by 2020 .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": " Both Angela Merkel and Röttgen , the chief architects of the governments energy transition plan , are thought to have pushed for a rapid nuclear phase-out with a view to raising the prospects for a possible future national coalition with the Green Party . In 2012 , Roettgens plan to cut subsidies for solar power drew fire from opposition parties and the photovoltaic industry , which said the move threatened thousands of jobs in what was then the worlds biggest solar market by installed capacity . Relations with the African continent .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "Röttgen has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent , such as in Somalia – both Operation Atalanta and EUTM Somalia – ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2015 ) , Darfur/Sudan ( 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , South Sudan ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 and 2014 ) , Mali ( 2013 and 2014 ) , the Central African Republic ( 2014 ) and Liberia ( 2015 ) .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "He abstained from the votes on extending the mandates for Operation Atalanta in 2009 and 2010 as well as on EUTM Somalia in 2016 .",
"title": "Relations with Turkey"
},
{
"text": "After European ambassadors wrote an open letter , praising 45 years of Sino-European relations , they found that China Daily , which is a state-controlled media outlet , refused to publish unless it was significantly changed . In particular , that references to the origins of Coronavirus disease 2019 coming from China be removed . The Europeans quickly accommodated this request . As the head of the German parliaments foreign affairs committee , Röttgen criticised the European back-pedalling:I am shocked not once but twice : First the EU ambassadors generously adopt Chinese narratives and then on top of that the",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": "EU representation accepts Chinese censorship of the joint op-ed . Speaking with one voice is important , but it has to reflect our shared European values and interests .",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": " In a joint letter initiated by Röttgen and Anthony Gonzalez ahead of the 47th G7 summit in 2021 , some 70 legislators from Europe and the US called upon their leaders to take a tough stance on China and to avoid becoming dependent on the country for technology including artificial intelligence and 5G .",
"title": "Relations with China"
},
{
"text": " - Club of Three , President of the Steering Group ( since 2019 ) - Atlantik-Brücke , Deputy chairman of the board ( since 2019 ) - European Council on Foreign Relations ( ECFR ) , Co-Chair ( since 2019 ) - Development and Peace Foundation ( SEF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2019 ) - [ [ Hertie School of Governance ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( since 2008 ) - Asia House , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": "- [ [ Humanity in Action ] ] Germany , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " - [ [ CARE ( relief agency ) |CARE Deutschland-Luxemburg ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - German Industry Initiative for Energy Efficiency ( DENEFF ) , Member of the Board of Trustees - Jacques Delors Institute Berlin , Chairman of the Advisory Board - [ [ Konrad Adenauer Foundation ] ] , Member - [ [ Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees - Stiftung Neue Verantwortung , Member of the Board of Trustees",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": "- Turkey : Culture of Change Initiative ( TCCI ) , Member of the Advisory Board",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " - Villa Vigoni Association , Non-permanent Member of the Board of Trustees - [ [ Federal Agency for Civic Education ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 1998–2005 ) - [ [ Haus der Geschichte ] ] , Member of the Board of Trustees ( 2002–2005 )",
"title": "Non-profit organizations"
},
{
"text": " Röttgen is married to Ebba Herfs-Röttgen , a lawyer . The couple have three children . In his childhood , Röttgen played the [ [ accordion ] ] .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - 1 . Was bedeutet Fortschritt heute ? Röttgen , Norbert . – Berlin : BMU , Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit , 2010 , Stand : Februar 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 2 . Bürokratiekostenabbau in Deutschland . Baden-Baden : Nomos , 2010 , 1 . Aufl . - 3 . Deutschlands beste Jahre kommen noch . Röttgen , Norbert . – München : Piper , 2009 - 4 . Wir haben viel erreicht . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2008",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- 5 . Parlamentarische Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste im demokratischen . Rechtsstaat . Sankt Augustin : Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , 2008",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - 6 . Wirtschaft trifft Politik / 2007 . Deutschland und Europa im Prozess der Globalisierung . 2008 - 7 . Gut , dass die Union regiert . Berlin : CDU/CSU Fraktion im deutschen Bundestag , 2007 , Stand : September 2007 - 8 . Was wir erreicht haben . Berlin : CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Dt . Bundestag , 2006 - 9 . Die Argumentation des Europäischen Gerichtshofes . Röttgen , Norbert , 2001",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - General-Anzeiger Bonn : Interview from 18 . November 2006 Norbert Röttgen in the Newspaper General Anzeiger - Biography of Norbert Röttgen from the Federal Minister for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany – - Mr . Andreas Carlgren in SvD Newspaper",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Official Site of Dr . Norbert Röttgen - Official Site of the German Parliament – – - Official Site of the Federal Ministry for the Environment , Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety – - [ [ Sustainable Development ] ] [ [ Category:1965 births ] ] [ [ Category:Living people ] ] [ [ Category:People from Meckenheim ] ] [ [ Category:Hertie School people ] ] [ [ Category:German Roman Catholics ] ] [ [ Category:Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians ] ] [ [ Category:Government ministers of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": "[ [ Category:Environment ministers of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": " [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia ] ] [ [ Category:21st-century German politicians ] ] [ [ Category:University of Bonn alumni ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 2002–2005 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1998–2002 ] ] [ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag 1994–1998 ] ]",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"text": "[ [ Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany ] ]",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Christian_Lindner#P39#0
|
What position did Christian Lindner take before Sep 2002?
|
Christian Lindner Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 . After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities . While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve . Early political career . Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level . From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto . From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) . Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow . FDP Chairman . Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 . Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn . Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% . After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag . In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight , Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government . Other activities . - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate - NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - Captain in the German Air Forces reserve - Rotary International , Member Political positions . Entrepreneurship . In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s . Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) . Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis . Financial policy . Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers . Personal life . In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt . External links . - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )
|
[
"member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia"
] |
[
{
"text": " Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": " While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight ,",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": " - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "- NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": ". Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": " Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers .",
"title": "Financial policy"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Christian_Lindner#P39#1
|
What position did Christian Lindner take between Mar 2008 and Nov 2008?
|
Christian Lindner Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 . After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities . While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve . Early political career . Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level . From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto . From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) . Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow . FDP Chairman . Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 . Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn . Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% . After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag . In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight , Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government . Other activities . - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate - NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - Captain in the German Air Forces reserve - Rotary International , Member Political positions . Entrepreneurship . In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s . Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) . Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis . Financial policy . Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers . Personal life . In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt . External links . - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )
|
[
"Secretary General"
] |
[
{
"text": " Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": " While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight ,",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": " - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "- NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": ". Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": " Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers .",
"title": "Financial policy"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Christian_Lindner#P39#2
|
What position did Christian Lindner take in 2009?
|
Christian Lindner Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 . After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities . While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve . Early political career . Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level . From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto . From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) . Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow . FDP Chairman . Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 . Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn . Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% . After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag . In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight , Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government . Other activities . - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate - NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - Captain in the German Air Forces reserve - Rotary International , Member Political positions . Entrepreneurship . In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s . Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) . Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis . Financial policy . Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers . Personal life . In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt . External links . - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )
|
[
"Secretary General of the FDP",
"member of the German Bundestag"
] |
[
{
"text": " Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": " While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight ,",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": " - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "- NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": ". Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": " Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers .",
"title": "Financial policy"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Christian_Lindner#P39#3
|
What position did Christian Lindner take between Apr 2010 and May 2010?
|
Christian Lindner Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 . After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities . While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve . Early political career . Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level . From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto . From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) . Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow . FDP Chairman . Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 . Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn . Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% . After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag . In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight , Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government . Other activities . - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate - NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - Captain in the German Air Forces reserve - Rotary International , Member Political positions . Entrepreneurship . In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s . Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) . Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis . Financial policy . Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers . Personal life . In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt . External links . - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": " While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight ,",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": " - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "- NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": ". Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": " Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers .",
"title": "Financial policy"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Christian_Lindner#P39#4
|
What position did Christian Lindner take in Feb 2013?
|
Christian Lindner Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 . After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities . While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve . Early political career . Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level . From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto . From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) . Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow . FDP Chairman . Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 . Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn . Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% . After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag . In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight , Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government . Other activities . - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate - NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - Captain in the German Air Forces reserve - Rotary International , Member Political positions . Entrepreneurship . In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s . Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) . Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis . Financial policy . Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers . Personal life . In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt . External links . - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )
|
[
"Chairman of the NRW FDP",
"Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag"
] |
[
{
"text": " Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": " While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight ,",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": " - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "- NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": ". Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": " Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers .",
"title": "Financial policy"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Christian_Lindner#P39#5
|
What position did Christian Lindner take in Feb 2018?
|
Christian Lindner Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 . After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities . While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve . Early political career . Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level . From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto . From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) . Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow . FDP Chairman . Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 . Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn . Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% . After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag . In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight , Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government . Other activities . - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate - NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - Captain in the German Air Forces reserve - Rotary International , Member Political positions . Entrepreneurship . In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s . Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) . Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis . Financial policy . Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers . Personal life . In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt . External links . - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Christian Wolfgang Lindner ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a German politician , member of the Bundestag , and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany ( FDP ) . Early life and education . Christian Lindner was born in Wuppertal , Germany . His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and computer science at the Städtisches Gymnasium in Wermelskirchen . After graduating from Gymnasium in 1998 and an alternative civilian service , Christian Lindner studied political science at the University of Bonn from 1999 to 2006 .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) . In his masters thesis at the Institute of Political Science , he dealt with the topic : tax competition and revenue sharing . Can the financial constitution be reformed? . In 2006 , he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker , which he has so far not completed due to his political activities .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": " While studying Lindner undertook his National Service obligations as a reserve officer in the Air Force . In 2002 , he was promoted to First lieutenant ( Oberleutnant ) in the Reserve . In 2008 he was a liaison officer to the state command Landeskommando of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf and since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain ( Hauptmann ) in the Reserve .",
"title": "Christian Lindner"
},
{
"text": "Lindner joined the FDP in 1995 . He has been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 ( until February 2010 ) . At the May 2000 election for the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the 21-year old Lindner was elected , becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . Lindner was from 2000 initially spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs , Family and Integration and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation , Science and Technology . In 2007 he also became a member of the Executive Board of the FDP on federal level .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " From 2009 Lindner served as a member of the German Bundestag . In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections , he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families , integration of immigrants and culture , led by Maria Böhmer and Hans-Joachim Otto .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "From December 2009 until his surprise resignation in December 2011 , Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level , largely under the leadership of party chairman Guido Westerwelle and later under Philipp Rösler as Westerwelle had to resign . Lindners resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the Eurosceptic FDP parliamentarian Frank Schäffler to determine the FDPs future course on questions pertaining to the European Stability Mechanism ( ESM ) .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was later chosen to serve as Chairman of the NRW FDP in the 2012 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia , succeeding Daniel Bahr . In the election , the FDP received 8.6% of the vote , surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting overall the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states . Following the partys victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the NRW Landtag , succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012 , and worked in",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": "the opposition . In March 2013 , he was elected one of Rösler’s deputies , alongside Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and Holger Zastrow .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " Linder was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman Philipp Rösler after the 2013 German federal elections in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949 .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Ahead of the 2014 European elections , Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte served as ‘mediators’ between Olli Rehn and Guy Verhofstadt , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe’s candidates for the presidency of the European Commission ; eventually , the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE’s campaign for elections , with Verhofstadt running to succeed José Manuel Barroso . At the time , Linder was widely regarded to support Rehn .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner was a FDP delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017 , where he endorsed the governments candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier . That same year , he led his partys successful campaign for the 2017 state elections of North Rhine-Westphalia , which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming Minister-President Armin Laschet . Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017 , which he achieved with a result of 10.7% .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "In October 2017 , Angela Merkels CDU and Katrin Göring-Eckardts and Cem Özdemirs Greens started negotiations with the FDP to form a government , in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance , as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as President of the Bundestag to make place for the FDP . Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government ( except for a Grand coalition ) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany . In November 2017 , after midnight ,",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": "Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks , which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the SPD , which had previously rejected any participation in the new government .",
"title": "FDP Chairman"
},
{
"text": " - Borussia Dortmund , Member of the Business Advisory Board ( since 2018 ) - Aktive Bürgerschaft , Member of the Board of Trustees - Friedrich Naumann Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees - ZDF , Member of the Television Board - Heinrich Heine University ( HHU ) , Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung , Member of the Board of Trustees - Walther Rathenau Institute , Member of the Advisory Board - Deutsche Nationalstiftung , Member of the Senate",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "- NRW Foundation , Member of the Board of Trustees",
"title": "Other activities"
},
{
"text": "In early 2015 , an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner , defending entrepreneurs and startup culture made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months . Lindner was speaking before the state legislature in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled : “That [ failure ] is something you have experience in.” That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": ". Lindner responded with a 2½-minute speech . “If one succeeds , one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and , if one fails , one can be sure of derision and mockery,” he responded , also pointing out that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life , rather than daring to found a company , and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature ( who happened",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "to be an SPD member , just like the heckler ) .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "Bild , the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Germany , praised Lindner on its front page . The Berlin daily Tagesspiegel said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the “persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism” that characterized debate in the Bundestag . What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the AfD the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties . So , many policies of Merkels government directly came from their centre-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonised with them , and then only left",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": "parties reacted on them , who usually criticized that those policies were not enough and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies but did not oppose them on a principal basis .",
"title": "Entrepreneurship"
},
{
"text": " Shortly after the 2017 elections , Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure . He criticized outgoing Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble for not being tough enough on Greece and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers .",
"title": "Financial policy"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Lindner married journalist Dagmar Rosenfeld ; they had started dating in 2009 . On 19 April 2018 they announced their separation . In 2018 he started dating journalist Franca Lehfeldt .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Landtag NRW - Abgeordneter Christian Lindner ( German ) - Lindners personal website ( mostly in German )",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Tanko_Dyakov#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Tanko Dyakov belong to between Feb 2002 and Oct 2002?
|
Tanko Dyakov Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender . Career . Early career . Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia . Slavia . In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club . In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen . Vihren . In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe . On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More . Cherno More . On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 . In January 2011 , Dyakov underwent an unsuccessful trial with Russian club Krasnodar . Lokomotiv Sofia . On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League . Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After that Dyakov had a short stint with Loko Plovdiv . Zhetysu . In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv . Lyubimets . In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 . Beroe . In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe . Club statistics . As of 30 May 2012
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender .",
"title": "Tanko Dyakov"
},
{
"text": " Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": "In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": " In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": " After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": "in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 .",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": " On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League .",
"title": "Lokomotiv Sofia"
},
{
"text": " In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv .",
"title": "Zhetysu"
},
{
"text": " In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 .",
"title": "Lyubimets"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe .",
"title": "Beroe"
},
{
"text": " As of 30 May 2012",
"title": "Club statistics"
}
] |
/wiki/Tanko_Dyakov#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Tanko Dyakov belong to in Sep 2004?
|
Tanko Dyakov Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender . Career . Early career . Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia . Slavia . In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club . In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen . Vihren . In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe . On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More . Cherno More . On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 . In January 2011 , Dyakov underwent an unsuccessful trial with Russian club Krasnodar . Lokomotiv Sofia . On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League . Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After that Dyakov had a short stint with Loko Plovdiv . Zhetysu . In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv . Lyubimets . In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 . Beroe . In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe . Club statistics . As of 30 May 2012
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender .",
"title": "Tanko Dyakov"
},
{
"text": " Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": "In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": " In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": " After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": "in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 .",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": " On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League .",
"title": "Lokomotiv Sofia"
},
{
"text": " In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv .",
"title": "Zhetysu"
},
{
"text": " In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 .",
"title": "Lyubimets"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe .",
"title": "Beroe"
},
{
"text": " As of 30 May 2012",
"title": "Club statistics"
}
] |
/wiki/Tanko_Dyakov#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Tanko Dyakov belong to between Oct 2005 and Nov 2005?
|
Tanko Dyakov Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender . Career . Early career . Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia . Slavia . In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club . In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen . Vihren . In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe . On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More . Cherno More . On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 . In January 2011 , Dyakov underwent an unsuccessful trial with Russian club Krasnodar . Lokomotiv Sofia . On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League . Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After that Dyakov had a short stint with Loko Plovdiv . Zhetysu . In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv . Lyubimets . In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 . Beroe . In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe . Club statistics . As of 30 May 2012
|
[
"Slavia"
] |
[
{
"text": " Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender .",
"title": "Tanko Dyakov"
},
{
"text": " Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": "In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": " In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": " After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": "in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 .",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": " On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League .",
"title": "Lokomotiv Sofia"
},
{
"text": " In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv .",
"title": "Zhetysu"
},
{
"text": " In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 .",
"title": "Lyubimets"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe .",
"title": "Beroe"
},
{
"text": " As of 30 May 2012",
"title": "Club statistics"
}
] |
/wiki/Tanko_Dyakov#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Tanko Dyakov belong to in Feb 2007?
|
Tanko Dyakov Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender . Career . Early career . Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia . Slavia . In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club . In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen . Vihren . In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe . On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More . Cherno More . On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 . In January 2011 , Dyakov underwent an unsuccessful trial with Russian club Krasnodar . Lokomotiv Sofia . On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League . Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After that Dyakov had a short stint with Loko Plovdiv . Zhetysu . In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv . Lyubimets . In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 . Beroe . In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe . Club statistics . As of 30 May 2012
|
[
"Vihren Sandanski"
] |
[
{
"text": " Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender .",
"title": "Tanko Dyakov"
},
{
"text": " Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": "In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": " In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": " After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": "in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 .",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": " On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League .",
"title": "Lokomotiv Sofia"
},
{
"text": " In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv .",
"title": "Zhetysu"
},
{
"text": " In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 .",
"title": "Lyubimets"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe .",
"title": "Beroe"
},
{
"text": " As of 30 May 2012",
"title": "Club statistics"
}
] |
/wiki/Tanko_Dyakov#P54#4
|
Which team did the player Tanko Dyakov belong to between Aug 2010 and Sep 2010?
|
Tanko Dyakov Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender . Career . Early career . Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia . Slavia . In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club . In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen . Vihren . In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe . On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More . Cherno More . On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 . In January 2011 , Dyakov underwent an unsuccessful trial with Russian club Krasnodar . Lokomotiv Sofia . On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League . Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After that Dyakov had a short stint with Loko Plovdiv . Zhetysu . In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv . Lyubimets . In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 . Beroe . In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe . Club statistics . As of 30 May 2012
|
[
"Vihren"
] |
[
{
"text": " Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender .",
"title": "Tanko Dyakov"
},
{
"text": " Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": "In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": " In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": " After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": "in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 .",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": " On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League .",
"title": "Lokomotiv Sofia"
},
{
"text": " In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv .",
"title": "Zhetysu"
},
{
"text": " In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 .",
"title": "Lyubimets"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe .",
"title": "Beroe"
},
{
"text": " As of 30 May 2012",
"title": "Club statistics"
}
] |
/wiki/Tanko_Dyakov#P54#5
|
Which team did the player Tanko Dyakov belong to after Jun 2012?
|
Tanko Dyakov Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender . Career . Early career . Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia . Slavia . In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club . In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen . Vihren . In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe . On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More . Cherno More . On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 . In January 2011 , Dyakov underwent an unsuccessful trial with Russian club Krasnodar . Lokomotiv Sofia . On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League . Lokomotiv Plovdiv . After that Dyakov had a short stint with Loko Plovdiv . Zhetysu . In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv . Lyubimets . In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 . Beroe . In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe . Club statistics . As of 30 May 2012
|
[
"Zhetysu"
] |
[
{
"text": " Tanko Dyakov ( ; born 18 August 1984 ) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender .",
"title": "Tanko Dyakov"
},
{
"text": " Born in Stara Zagora , Dyakov started his career at Beroe , a club from his hometown , for which he made 16 appearances , scoring one goal , but lack of first team opportunities prompted a move to Levski Hyunday in July 2003 . Year later he was transferred to Minyor Radnevo . After a good season at Minyor , Dyakov was scouted by Slavia Sofia .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " In June 2005 Dyakov signed a contract at Slavia until 30 June 2008 . He made his debut in A PFG during the 2005–06 season on 7 August 2005 in a 2–0 home win against Pirin Blagoevgrad , coming on as a substitute for Blagoy Georgiev . In this season , Tanko earned 16 appearances in the A PFG . After the end of the season the new Slavia coach Ratko Dostanić informed him that he would not be a first-team regular from then on with this resulting in his pushing for a move to another club .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": "In July 2006 , Dyakov was signed by his previously club AKB Minyor Radnevo for an undisclosed fee . He marked his re-debut for Minyor with goal in a 2–4 away loss against Shumen .",
"title": "Slavia"
},
{
"text": " In January 2007 , Dyakov signed a two-a-half-year deal with Vihren Sandanski . He made his debut on 3 March 2007 , playing 90 minutes of a 0–1 away loss against Lokomotiv Sofia and scored his first goal for the team as they beat Marek Dupnitsa 1–0 on 21 March . On 27 May Tanko scored twice for a 2–0 home win against his first club Beroe .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 15 September 2007 , Dyakov scored his first goal of the 2007–08 season against Vidima-Rakovski . On 10 November , Tanko hit his second goal of the campaign . This time he scored the first Vihren goal in the 3–1 win against Marek Dupnitsa . On 19 April 2008 , Dyakov scored his last goal for Vihren against Lokomotiv Plovdiv .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": " After a good season at Vihren , he was wanted by Cherno More Varna and Greek Aris Thessaloniki . On 1 June 2008 it was announced that Dyakov will be joining Cherno More .",
"title": "Vihren"
},
{
"text": "On 3 June 2008 , Dyakov signed a 3 years contract with Cherno More for a transfer fee of €60,000 . He took over the number 6 jersey . Tanko made his debut for the Sailors on 17 July 2008 against UE Sant Julià of the UEFA Cup , coming on as a substitute for Nikolay Domakinov . He made his A PFG debut during the 2008–09 season on 17 August 2010 in a 2–0 home win against Vihren Sandanski . On 18 September 2008 , Dyakov scored his first goal ( with a powerful header ) against VfB Stuttgart",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": "in the first round of the UEFA Cup , but Cherno More were eventually eliminated after an aggregate score of 3:4 .",
"title": "Cherno More"
},
{
"text": " On 22 June 2011 , Dyakov signed a 2 years contract with Lokomotiv Sofia after his contract expired . Tanko expressed his decision to play for Lokomotiv because this is one of the best Bulgarian teams and is a great opportunity to play in Europa League .",
"title": "Lokomotiv Sofia"
},
{
"text": " In July 2012 , Dyakov signed with Zhetysu in the Kazakhstan Premier League until the end of the year , as he had failed to agree further terms with Loko Plovdiv .",
"title": "Zhetysu"
},
{
"text": " In late August 2013 , Dyakov put pen to paper on a short-term contract with newly promoted A PFG club Lyubimets 2007 .",
"title": "Lyubimets"
},
{
"text": " In the summer of 2014 , after six months without a club , Dyakov joined Beroe .",
"title": "Beroe"
},
{
"text": " As of 30 May 2012",
"title": "Club statistics"
}
] |
/wiki/Betsy_Hodges#P69#0
|
Betsy Hodges went to which school between Feb 1982 and Oct 1982?
|
Betsy Hodges Elizabeth A . Betsy Hodges ( born September 7 , 1969 ) is an American politician who served as the 47th mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections . Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 . She ran for reelection in 2017 , but lost to Jacob Frey , and left office on January 2 , 2018 . Early life and education . Hodges grew up in Wayzata , Minnesota . She graduated from Wayzata High School in 1987 . After graduating from Bryn Mawr College in 1991 , she attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison , graduating in 1998 with a masters degree in sociology . Career . Hodges moved to southwest Minneapolis in 1998 and was the development director for the Minneapolis-based nonprofit Progressive Minnesota for a few years before serving on the staff of Hennepin County Commissioner Gail Dorfman . Hodges returned to fundraising work in 2003 , working for the Minnesota Justice Foundation . Hodges served on the Linden Hills Community Council from 2000 to 2005 and as co-chair of the council from 2003 to 2005 . In November 2005 , Hodges was elected to represent Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council , defeating Lisa McDonald . From January 2006 until she became mayor in January 2014 , Hodges represented Ward 13 . She was the chair of the councils Intergovernmental Relations Committee , a position that lobbies for the city at the State Capitol , and chaired the Ways and Means Committee , which oversaw a budget of $1.2 billion in 2013 . In 2011 , Hodges was the councils point person on a pension-reform package . In 2012 , she was one of six council members to vote against a controversial new stadium for the Minnesota Vikings . In 2013 , Hodges ran for Minneapolis mayor against a field of 34 other candidates . Her platform emphasized economic and educational equality , municipal management efficiency , and infrastructure investment . Hodges was named a 2014 Aspen Institute Rodel Fellow . Hodges was also on the Board of Estimation and Taxation and spent four years on the Youth Coordinating Board . Hodges met with Pope Francis on July 21 , 2015 . She joined eight other leaders from US cities and mayors from cities from around the world . They were invited to discuss climate change and human trafficking . Hodges ran for reelection as mayor in the 2017 election and was eliminated in the fifth and final round of voting , finishing third among the five candidates who made it to the second round . In 2020 , Hodges published an editorial in The New York Times .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Elizabeth A . Betsy Hodges ( born September 7 , 1969 ) is an American politician who served as the 47th mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": "Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 . She ran for reelection in 2017 , but lost to Jacob Frey , and left office on January 2 , 2018 .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Hodges grew up in Wayzata , Minnesota . She graduated from Wayzata High School in 1987 . After graduating from Bryn Mawr College in 1991 , she attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison , graduating in 1998 with a masters degree in sociology .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": " Hodges moved to southwest Minneapolis in 1998 and was the development director for the Minneapolis-based nonprofit Progressive Minnesota for a few years before serving on the staff of Hennepin County Commissioner Gail Dorfman . Hodges returned to fundraising work in 2003 , working for the Minnesota Justice Foundation . Hodges served on the Linden Hills Community Council from 2000 to 2005 and as co-chair of the council from 2003 to 2005 . In November 2005 , Hodges was elected to represent Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council , defeating Lisa McDonald .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From January 2006 until she became mayor in January 2014 , Hodges represented Ward 13 . She was the chair of the councils Intergovernmental Relations Committee , a position that lobbies for the city at the State Capitol , and chaired the Ways and Means Committee , which oversaw a budget of $1.2 billion in 2013 . In 2011 , Hodges was the councils point person on a pension-reform package . In 2012 , she was one of six council members to vote against a controversial new stadium for the Minnesota Vikings . In 2013 , Hodges ran for Minneapolis",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "mayor against a field of 34 other candidates . Her platform emphasized economic and educational equality , municipal management efficiency , and infrastructure investment .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Hodges was named a 2014 Aspen Institute Rodel Fellow . Hodges was also on the Board of Estimation and Taxation and spent four years on the Youth Coordinating Board . Hodges met with Pope Francis on July 21 , 2015 . She joined eight other leaders from US cities and mayors from cities from around the world . They were invited to discuss climate change and human trafficking .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Hodges ran for reelection as mayor in the 2017 election and was eliminated in the fifth and final round of voting , finishing third among the five candidates who made it to the second round .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2020 , Hodges published an editorial in The New York Times .",
"title": "Career"
}
] |
/wiki/Betsy_Hodges#P69#1
|
Betsy Hodges went to which school between Nov 1983 and Sep 1986?
|
Betsy Hodges Elizabeth A . Betsy Hodges ( born September 7 , 1969 ) is an American politician who served as the 47th mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections . Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 . She ran for reelection in 2017 , but lost to Jacob Frey , and left office on January 2 , 2018 . Early life and education . Hodges grew up in Wayzata , Minnesota . She graduated from Wayzata High School in 1987 . After graduating from Bryn Mawr College in 1991 , she attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison , graduating in 1998 with a masters degree in sociology . Career . Hodges moved to southwest Minneapolis in 1998 and was the development director for the Minneapolis-based nonprofit Progressive Minnesota for a few years before serving on the staff of Hennepin County Commissioner Gail Dorfman . Hodges returned to fundraising work in 2003 , working for the Minnesota Justice Foundation . Hodges served on the Linden Hills Community Council from 2000 to 2005 and as co-chair of the council from 2003 to 2005 . In November 2005 , Hodges was elected to represent Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council , defeating Lisa McDonald . From January 2006 until she became mayor in January 2014 , Hodges represented Ward 13 . She was the chair of the councils Intergovernmental Relations Committee , a position that lobbies for the city at the State Capitol , and chaired the Ways and Means Committee , which oversaw a budget of $1.2 billion in 2013 . In 2011 , Hodges was the councils point person on a pension-reform package . In 2012 , she was one of six council members to vote against a controversial new stadium for the Minnesota Vikings . In 2013 , Hodges ran for Minneapolis mayor against a field of 34 other candidates . Her platform emphasized economic and educational equality , municipal management efficiency , and infrastructure investment . Hodges was named a 2014 Aspen Institute Rodel Fellow . Hodges was also on the Board of Estimation and Taxation and spent four years on the Youth Coordinating Board . Hodges met with Pope Francis on July 21 , 2015 . She joined eight other leaders from US cities and mayors from cities from around the world . They were invited to discuss climate change and human trafficking . Hodges ran for reelection as mayor in the 2017 election and was eliminated in the fifth and final round of voting , finishing third among the five candidates who made it to the second round . In 2020 , Hodges published an editorial in The New York Times .
|
[
"Wayzata High School"
] |
[
{
"text": " Elizabeth A . Betsy Hodges ( born September 7 , 1969 ) is an American politician who served as the 47th mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": "Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 . She ran for reelection in 2017 , but lost to Jacob Frey , and left office on January 2 , 2018 .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Hodges grew up in Wayzata , Minnesota . She graduated from Wayzata High School in 1987 . After graduating from Bryn Mawr College in 1991 , she attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison , graduating in 1998 with a masters degree in sociology .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": " Hodges moved to southwest Minneapolis in 1998 and was the development director for the Minneapolis-based nonprofit Progressive Minnesota for a few years before serving on the staff of Hennepin County Commissioner Gail Dorfman . Hodges returned to fundraising work in 2003 , working for the Minnesota Justice Foundation . Hodges served on the Linden Hills Community Council from 2000 to 2005 and as co-chair of the council from 2003 to 2005 . In November 2005 , Hodges was elected to represent Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council , defeating Lisa McDonald .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From January 2006 until she became mayor in January 2014 , Hodges represented Ward 13 . She was the chair of the councils Intergovernmental Relations Committee , a position that lobbies for the city at the State Capitol , and chaired the Ways and Means Committee , which oversaw a budget of $1.2 billion in 2013 . In 2011 , Hodges was the councils point person on a pension-reform package . In 2012 , she was one of six council members to vote against a controversial new stadium for the Minnesota Vikings . In 2013 , Hodges ran for Minneapolis",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "mayor against a field of 34 other candidates . Her platform emphasized economic and educational equality , municipal management efficiency , and infrastructure investment .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Hodges was named a 2014 Aspen Institute Rodel Fellow . Hodges was also on the Board of Estimation and Taxation and spent four years on the Youth Coordinating Board . Hodges met with Pope Francis on July 21 , 2015 . She joined eight other leaders from US cities and mayors from cities from around the world . They were invited to discuss climate change and human trafficking .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Hodges ran for reelection as mayor in the 2017 election and was eliminated in the fifth and final round of voting , finishing third among the five candidates who made it to the second round .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2020 , Hodges published an editorial in The New York Times .",
"title": "Career"
}
] |
/wiki/Betsy_Hodges#P69#2
|
Betsy Hodges went to which school in late 1980s?
|
Betsy Hodges Elizabeth A . Betsy Hodges ( born September 7 , 1969 ) is an American politician who served as the 47th mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections . Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 . She ran for reelection in 2017 , but lost to Jacob Frey , and left office on January 2 , 2018 . Early life and education . Hodges grew up in Wayzata , Minnesota . She graduated from Wayzata High School in 1987 . After graduating from Bryn Mawr College in 1991 , she attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison , graduating in 1998 with a masters degree in sociology . Career . Hodges moved to southwest Minneapolis in 1998 and was the development director for the Minneapolis-based nonprofit Progressive Minnesota for a few years before serving on the staff of Hennepin County Commissioner Gail Dorfman . Hodges returned to fundraising work in 2003 , working for the Minnesota Justice Foundation . Hodges served on the Linden Hills Community Council from 2000 to 2005 and as co-chair of the council from 2003 to 2005 . In November 2005 , Hodges was elected to represent Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council , defeating Lisa McDonald . From January 2006 until she became mayor in January 2014 , Hodges represented Ward 13 . She was the chair of the councils Intergovernmental Relations Committee , a position that lobbies for the city at the State Capitol , and chaired the Ways and Means Committee , which oversaw a budget of $1.2 billion in 2013 . In 2011 , Hodges was the councils point person on a pension-reform package . In 2012 , she was one of six council members to vote against a controversial new stadium for the Minnesota Vikings . In 2013 , Hodges ran for Minneapolis mayor against a field of 34 other candidates . Her platform emphasized economic and educational equality , municipal management efficiency , and infrastructure investment . Hodges was named a 2014 Aspen Institute Rodel Fellow . Hodges was also on the Board of Estimation and Taxation and spent four years on the Youth Coordinating Board . Hodges met with Pope Francis on July 21 , 2015 . She joined eight other leaders from US cities and mayors from cities from around the world . They were invited to discuss climate change and human trafficking . Hodges ran for reelection as mayor in the 2017 election and was eliminated in the fifth and final round of voting , finishing third among the five candidates who made it to the second round . In 2020 , Hodges published an editorial in The New York Times .
|
[
"Bryn Mawr College"
] |
[
{
"text": " Elizabeth A . Betsy Hodges ( born September 7 , 1969 ) is an American politician who served as the 47th mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": "Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 . She ran for reelection in 2017 , but lost to Jacob Frey , and left office on January 2 , 2018 .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Hodges grew up in Wayzata , Minnesota . She graduated from Wayzata High School in 1987 . After graduating from Bryn Mawr College in 1991 , she attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison , graduating in 1998 with a masters degree in sociology .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": " Hodges moved to southwest Minneapolis in 1998 and was the development director for the Minneapolis-based nonprofit Progressive Minnesota for a few years before serving on the staff of Hennepin County Commissioner Gail Dorfman . Hodges returned to fundraising work in 2003 , working for the Minnesota Justice Foundation . Hodges served on the Linden Hills Community Council from 2000 to 2005 and as co-chair of the council from 2003 to 2005 . In November 2005 , Hodges was elected to represent Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council , defeating Lisa McDonald .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From January 2006 until she became mayor in January 2014 , Hodges represented Ward 13 . She was the chair of the councils Intergovernmental Relations Committee , a position that lobbies for the city at the State Capitol , and chaired the Ways and Means Committee , which oversaw a budget of $1.2 billion in 2013 . In 2011 , Hodges was the councils point person on a pension-reform package . In 2012 , she was one of six council members to vote against a controversial new stadium for the Minnesota Vikings . In 2013 , Hodges ran for Minneapolis",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "mayor against a field of 34 other candidates . Her platform emphasized economic and educational equality , municipal management efficiency , and infrastructure investment .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Hodges was named a 2014 Aspen Institute Rodel Fellow . Hodges was also on the Board of Estimation and Taxation and spent four years on the Youth Coordinating Board . Hodges met with Pope Francis on July 21 , 2015 . She joined eight other leaders from US cities and mayors from cities from around the world . They were invited to discuss climate change and human trafficking .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Hodges ran for reelection as mayor in the 2017 election and was eliminated in the fifth and final round of voting , finishing third among the five candidates who made it to the second round .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2020 , Hodges published an editorial in The New York Times .",
"title": "Career"
}
] |
/wiki/Betsy_Hodges#P69#3
|
Betsy Hodges went to which school after Mar 1993?
|
Betsy Hodges Elizabeth A . Betsy Hodges ( born September 7 , 1969 ) is an American politician who served as the 47th mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections . Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 . She ran for reelection in 2017 , but lost to Jacob Frey , and left office on January 2 , 2018 . Early life and education . Hodges grew up in Wayzata , Minnesota . She graduated from Wayzata High School in 1987 . After graduating from Bryn Mawr College in 1991 , she attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison , graduating in 1998 with a masters degree in sociology . Career . Hodges moved to southwest Minneapolis in 1998 and was the development director for the Minneapolis-based nonprofit Progressive Minnesota for a few years before serving on the staff of Hennepin County Commissioner Gail Dorfman . Hodges returned to fundraising work in 2003 , working for the Minnesota Justice Foundation . Hodges served on the Linden Hills Community Council from 2000 to 2005 and as co-chair of the council from 2003 to 2005 . In November 2005 , Hodges was elected to represent Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council , defeating Lisa McDonald . From January 2006 until she became mayor in January 2014 , Hodges represented Ward 13 . She was the chair of the councils Intergovernmental Relations Committee , a position that lobbies for the city at the State Capitol , and chaired the Ways and Means Committee , which oversaw a budget of $1.2 billion in 2013 . In 2011 , Hodges was the councils point person on a pension-reform package . In 2012 , she was one of six council members to vote against a controversial new stadium for the Minnesota Vikings . In 2013 , Hodges ran for Minneapolis mayor against a field of 34 other candidates . Her platform emphasized economic and educational equality , municipal management efficiency , and infrastructure investment . Hodges was named a 2014 Aspen Institute Rodel Fellow . Hodges was also on the Board of Estimation and Taxation and spent four years on the Youth Coordinating Board . Hodges met with Pope Francis on July 21 , 2015 . She joined eight other leaders from US cities and mayors from cities from around the world . They were invited to discuss climate change and human trafficking . Hodges ran for reelection as mayor in the 2017 election and was eliminated in the fifth and final round of voting , finishing third among the five candidates who made it to the second round . In 2020 , Hodges published an editorial in The New York Times .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Elizabeth A . Betsy Hodges ( born September 7 , 1969 ) is an American politician who served as the 47th mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": "Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 . She ran for reelection in 2017 , but lost to Jacob Frey , and left office on January 2 , 2018 .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Hodges grew up in Wayzata , Minnesota . She graduated from Wayzata High School in 1987 . After graduating from Bryn Mawr College in 1991 , she attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison , graduating in 1998 with a masters degree in sociology .",
"title": "Betsy Hodges"
},
{
"text": " Hodges moved to southwest Minneapolis in 1998 and was the development director for the Minneapolis-based nonprofit Progressive Minnesota for a few years before serving on the staff of Hennepin County Commissioner Gail Dorfman . Hodges returned to fundraising work in 2003 , working for the Minnesota Justice Foundation . Hodges served on the Linden Hills Community Council from 2000 to 2005 and as co-chair of the council from 2003 to 2005 . In November 2005 , Hodges was elected to represent Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council , defeating Lisa McDonald .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From January 2006 until she became mayor in January 2014 , Hodges represented Ward 13 . She was the chair of the councils Intergovernmental Relations Committee , a position that lobbies for the city at the State Capitol , and chaired the Ways and Means Committee , which oversaw a budget of $1.2 billion in 2013 . In 2011 , Hodges was the councils point person on a pension-reform package . In 2012 , she was one of six council members to vote against a controversial new stadium for the Minnesota Vikings . In 2013 , Hodges ran for Minneapolis",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "mayor against a field of 34 other candidates . Her platform emphasized economic and educational equality , municipal management efficiency , and infrastructure investment .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Hodges was named a 2014 Aspen Institute Rodel Fellow . Hodges was also on the Board of Estimation and Taxation and spent four years on the Youth Coordinating Board . Hodges met with Pope Francis on July 21 , 2015 . She joined eight other leaders from US cities and mayors from cities from around the world . They were invited to discuss climate change and human trafficking .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Hodges ran for reelection as mayor in the 2017 election and was eliminated in the fifth and final round of voting , finishing third among the five candidates who made it to the second round .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2020 , Hodges published an editorial in The New York Times .",
"title": "Career"
}
] |
/wiki/Paul_Tisdale#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Paul Tisdale belong to before Feb 1996?
|
Paul Tisdale Paul Robert Tisdale ( born 14 January 1973 ) is an English former professional footballer and manager , currently in an advisory role at Colchester United . As a player , Tisdale represented Southampton , Bristol City , FinnPa , Panionios and Yeovil Town during a career which began in 1991 and concluded in 2000 , playing primarily as a midfielder . During his time at Exeter City , he remained registered as a player between 2007 and 2016 , making his debut as a late substitute in a 2–1 victory at Sheffield Wednesday at the end of the 2010–11 season and naming himself as a substitute in the EFL Trophy match at Oxford Utd on 30 August 2016 . Tisdale previously managed Team Bath . Having managed Exeter City from June 2006 until June 2018 , he was , for 19 days , the longest-serving manager at one club in the English Football League . Playing career . Southampton . A former England schools international , Tisdale came through the youth system at Southampton . He signed as a professional in June 1991 . He was loaned out to Northampton Town in February and March 1993 , where he made five league appearances . He eventually made his Southampton debut in a League Cup game against Huddersfield Town on 5 October 1994 . Unfortunately , at this time Southampton were enduring frequent changes of manager and , as a result , Tisdale never had a settled run in the first team . Having played his last senior game for Southampton on 27 April 1996 , he again went out on loan in the 1996–97 season , this time to Huddersfield Town , where he made only two appearances . In his time at Southampton he made a total of 18 first team appearances , scoring once , against Manchester City on 16 March 1996 , when he took one touch and delicately lifted the ball over goalkeeper Eike Immel . Following the departure of mentor David Merrington , Tisdale moved to Bristol City in August 1997 . Bristol City and abroad . At Bristol City his appearances were limited . It was while at Bristol City that Tisdale got his first taste of life at Exeter City , with a three-month loan at the club during the 1997–98 season . He left Ashton Gate after just one year , and played abroad for both Finnish club FinnPa and Greek club Panionios before returning to England to spend a year with Yeovil Town . Coaching and management . Team Bath . Injury forced him to end his career early , and he took a coaching role with non-league club Team Bath in 2000 . Tisdale entered the University of Bath side into the 2002–03 FA Cup , becoming the first university team to enter the competition since Gonville & Caius in 1881 . Team Bath entered in the preliminary round and advanced through four qualifying rounds to the first round proper , before losing to Mansfield Town . At Team Bath , Tisdale led the club through four promotions in non-league football . Exeter City . During the summer of 2006 , Tisdale left Team Bath to take up the vacant managers position at then Conference National side Exeter City . In his first season he led the club to their first playoff finish , just missing out on promotion after losing the final 2–1 to Morecambe at Wembley Stadium on 20 May 2007 . However the following season success would soon follow , with Tisdale eventually leading the club to yet another playoff finish and ultimately promotion to the Football League following a 1–0 final victory over Cambridge United on 18 May 2008 . Following promotion , Tisdale signed a new two-year rolling contract with the club in October 2008 . Under his guidance the club continued their impressive form with Tisdale eventually leading the club to a second-place finish and promotion to League One , becoming the first Exeter City manager in their history to lead the club to back-to-back promotions . The following 2009–10 season proved more of a challenge however , with the club surviving relegation from the third tier with an 18th-placed finish on the final day of the season following a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town . Exeter Citys second season in League One under Tisdale proved to be far more successful , with the club finishing in eighth place at the conclusion of the 2010–11 season – equalling the clubs highest ever league finish . During the final day of the season , Tisdale – also a registered player at the club – came on as a 90th-minute substitute in a 2–1 away win over Sheffield Wednesday . The 2011–12 season however , concluded Exeter Citys short stay in League One under Tisdale , with the club eventually relegated to League Two following a 23rd-place finish . Over the following four seasons under Tisdales management , Exeter maintained their League Two status with consecutive top half finishes . At the end of the 2016–17 season – Tisdales eleventh season as manager of the club – Exeter City finished in fifth place , achieving another playoff finish . After defeating Carlisle United across a two-legged semi-final , Tisdale led Exeter to Wembley once again . The final would end in disappointment however , with Blackpool defeating Exeter 2–1 on 28 May 2017 . The 2017–18 season was to be Tisdales final season as manager of Exeter City . Once again he led the club to the playoffs after achieving a fourth-place league finish . Following victory over promotion rivals Lincoln City across two legs , Tisdale led Exeter City to a Wembley playoff final for a fourth time . Once again , the day was to end with disappointment for Tisdale and Exeter City , with Coventry City winning the tie 3–1 on 28 May 2018 . On 1 June 2018 , following a failure to agree a new contract , Tisdale left Exeter City after twelve years at the club . At the time of his departure , Tisdale was the longest serving manager in English footballs top four divisions . Milton Keynes Dons . Tisdale was appointed manager of newly relegated League Two club Milton Keynes Dons on 6 June 2018 ahead of the 2018–19 season . After a near-perfect month which saw the club gain 16 points from a possible 18 , he was named League Two Manager of the Month for October 2018 by the EFL for only the second time in his career . Tisdale went on to lead Milton Keynes Dons to automatic promotion back to League One at the first attempt , achieving a third-place finish . Following a poor start to the 2019–20 season in which Milton Keynes Dons achieved only one point from a possible 27 - the worst run of results in the clubs short history - Tisdales contract with the club was mutually terminated on 2 November 2019 following a 1–3 home defeat to Tranmere Rovers . Bristol Rovers . After a twelve month break , Tisdale returned to football management on 19 November 2020 , signing a two-and-a-half year deal with League One club Bristol Rovers . On 10 February 2021 , Tisdale departed the club after just 12 points in 15 league matches that saw Rovers only outside of the relegation zone on goal difference . Colchester United . On 1 April 2021 , Tisdale joined Colchester United in an advisory role until the end of the season , assisting inexperienced head coach Hayden Mullins as Colchester attempted to stay in the Football League . Personal life . He went to school in Bath , where he was childhood friends with actor Andrew Lincoln . In 2017 , Lincoln said One of my oldest and dearest friends happens to be Paul Tisdale . So Ive been watching him very avidly throughout his whole career and Ive been very proud of him . Tisdales uncle is Game of Thrones actor James Faulkner who played Randyll Tarly in the show . His brother Peter Tisdale also played at Bath City and Team Bath and attracted interest from league clubs such as Queens Park Rangers and Bournemouth FC before deciding on a corporate career after graduating from the University of Bath with a degree in politics and economics . Honours . As a manager . Team Bath - Western Football League First Division : 2000–01 - Western Football League Premier Division : 2002–03 Exeter City - Conference Premier play-offs : 2008 - Football League Two runners-up : 2008–09 Milton Keynes Dons - EFL League Two third-place promotion : 2018–19 Individual - LMA Manager of the Year : 2008–09 League Two - EFL League Two Manager of the Month : August 2017 , October 2018 External links . - www.paultisdale.co.uk
|
[
"Southampton"
] |
[
{
"text": " Paul Robert Tisdale ( born 14 January 1973 ) is an English former professional footballer and manager , currently in an advisory role at Colchester United .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": "As a player , Tisdale represented Southampton , Bristol City , FinnPa , Panionios and Yeovil Town during a career which began in 1991 and concluded in 2000 , playing primarily as a midfielder . During his time at Exeter City , he remained registered as a player between 2007 and 2016 , making his debut as a late substitute in a 2–1 victory at Sheffield Wednesday at the end of the 2010–11 season and naming himself as a substitute in the EFL Trophy match at Oxford Utd on 30 August 2016 .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": " Tisdale previously managed Team Bath . Having managed Exeter City from June 2006 until June 2018 , he was , for 19 days , the longest-serving manager at one club in the English Football League .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": " A former England schools international , Tisdale came through the youth system at Southampton . He signed as a professional in June 1991 . He was loaned out to Northampton Town in February and March 1993 , where he made five league appearances .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": "He eventually made his Southampton debut in a League Cup game against Huddersfield Town on 5 October 1994 . Unfortunately , at this time Southampton were enduring frequent changes of manager and , as a result , Tisdale never had a settled run in the first team . Having played his last senior game for Southampton on 27 April 1996 , he again went out on loan in the 1996–97 season , this time to Huddersfield Town , where he made only two appearances .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": " In his time at Southampton he made a total of 18 first team appearances , scoring once , against Manchester City on 16 March 1996 , when he took one touch and delicately lifted the ball over goalkeeper Eike Immel . Following the departure of mentor David Merrington , Tisdale moved to Bristol City in August 1997 . Bristol City and abroad .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": "At Bristol City his appearances were limited . It was while at Bristol City that Tisdale got his first taste of life at Exeter City , with a three-month loan at the club during the 1997–98 season . He left Ashton Gate after just one year , and played abroad for both Finnish club FinnPa and Greek club Panionios before returning to England to spend a year with Yeovil Town .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": " Injury forced him to end his career early , and he took a coaching role with non-league club Team Bath in 2000 . Tisdale entered the University of Bath side into the 2002–03 FA Cup , becoming the first university team to enter the competition since Gonville & Caius in 1881 . Team Bath entered in the preliminary round and advanced through four qualifying rounds to the first round proper , before losing to Mansfield Town . At Team Bath , Tisdale led the club through four promotions in non-league football .",
"title": "Team Bath"
},
{
"text": " During the summer of 2006 , Tisdale left Team Bath to take up the vacant managers position at then Conference National side Exeter City . In his first season he led the club to their first playoff finish , just missing out on promotion after losing the final 2–1 to Morecambe at Wembley Stadium on 20 May 2007 .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "However the following season success would soon follow , with Tisdale eventually leading the club to yet another playoff finish and ultimately promotion to the Football League following a 1–0 final victory over Cambridge United on 18 May 2008 . Following promotion , Tisdale signed a new two-year rolling contract with the club in October 2008 . Under his guidance the club continued their impressive form with Tisdale eventually leading the club to a second-place finish and promotion to League One , becoming the first Exeter City manager in their history to lead the club to back-to-back promotions .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "The following 2009–10 season proved more of a challenge however , with the club surviving relegation from the third tier with an 18th-placed finish on the final day of the season following a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town . Exeter Citys second season in League One under Tisdale proved to be far more successful , with the club finishing in eighth place at the conclusion of the 2010–11 season – equalling the clubs highest ever league finish . During the final day of the season , Tisdale – also a registered player at the club – came on as a",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "90th-minute substitute in a 2–1 away win over Sheffield Wednesday . The 2011–12 season however , concluded Exeter Citys short stay in League One under Tisdale , with the club eventually relegated to League Two following a 23rd-place finish .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": " Over the following four seasons under Tisdales management , Exeter maintained their League Two status with consecutive top half finishes . At the end of the 2016–17 season – Tisdales eleventh season as manager of the club – Exeter City finished in fifth place , achieving another playoff finish . After defeating Carlisle United across a two-legged semi-final , Tisdale led Exeter to Wembley once again . The final would end in disappointment however , with Blackpool defeating Exeter 2–1 on 28 May 2017 .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "The 2017–18 season was to be Tisdales final season as manager of Exeter City . Once again he led the club to the playoffs after achieving a fourth-place league finish . Following victory over promotion rivals Lincoln City across two legs , Tisdale led Exeter City to a Wembley playoff final for a fourth time . Once again , the day was to end with disappointment for Tisdale and Exeter City , with Coventry City winning the tie 3–1 on 28 May 2018 . On 1 June 2018 , following a failure to agree a new contract , Tisdale left",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "Exeter City after twelve years at the club . At the time of his departure , Tisdale was the longest serving manager in English footballs top four divisions .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": " Tisdale was appointed manager of newly relegated League Two club Milton Keynes Dons on 6 June 2018 ahead of the 2018–19 season . After a near-perfect month which saw the club gain 16 points from a possible 18 , he was named League Two Manager of the Month for October 2018 by the EFL for only the second time in his career . Tisdale went on to lead Milton Keynes Dons to automatic promotion back to League One at the first attempt , achieving a third-place finish .",
"title": "Milton Keynes Dons"
},
{
"text": "Following a poor start to the 2019–20 season in which Milton Keynes Dons achieved only one point from a possible 27 - the worst run of results in the clubs short history - Tisdales contract with the club was mutually terminated on 2 November 2019 following a 1–3 home defeat to Tranmere Rovers .",
"title": "Milton Keynes Dons"
},
{
"text": " After a twelve month break , Tisdale returned to football management on 19 November 2020 , signing a two-and-a-half year deal with League One club Bristol Rovers . On 10 February 2021 , Tisdale departed the club after just 12 points in 15 league matches that saw Rovers only outside of the relegation zone on goal difference .",
"title": "Bristol Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 1 April 2021 , Tisdale joined Colchester United in an advisory role until the end of the season , assisting inexperienced head coach Hayden Mullins as Colchester attempted to stay in the Football League .",
"title": "Colchester United"
},
{
"text": " He went to school in Bath , where he was childhood friends with actor Andrew Lincoln . In 2017 , Lincoln said One of my oldest and dearest friends happens to be Paul Tisdale . So Ive been watching him very avidly throughout his whole career and Ive been very proud of him . Tisdales uncle is Game of Thrones actor James Faulkner who played Randyll Tarly in the show .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "His brother Peter Tisdale also played at Bath City and Team Bath and attracted interest from league clubs such as Queens Park Rangers and Bournemouth FC before deciding on a corporate career after graduating from the University of Bath with a degree in politics and economics .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Western Football League First Division : 2000–01 - Western Football League Premier Division : 2002–03",
"title": "Team Bath"
},
{
"text": " - LMA Manager of the Year : 2008–09 League Two - EFL League Two Manager of the Month : August 2017 , October 2018",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - www.paultisdale.co.uk",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Paul_Tisdale#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Paul Tisdale belong to in Jun 1997?
|
Paul Tisdale Paul Robert Tisdale ( born 14 January 1973 ) is an English former professional footballer and manager , currently in an advisory role at Colchester United . As a player , Tisdale represented Southampton , Bristol City , FinnPa , Panionios and Yeovil Town during a career which began in 1991 and concluded in 2000 , playing primarily as a midfielder . During his time at Exeter City , he remained registered as a player between 2007 and 2016 , making his debut as a late substitute in a 2–1 victory at Sheffield Wednesday at the end of the 2010–11 season and naming himself as a substitute in the EFL Trophy match at Oxford Utd on 30 August 2016 . Tisdale previously managed Team Bath . Having managed Exeter City from June 2006 until June 2018 , he was , for 19 days , the longest-serving manager at one club in the English Football League . Playing career . Southampton . A former England schools international , Tisdale came through the youth system at Southampton . He signed as a professional in June 1991 . He was loaned out to Northampton Town in February and March 1993 , where he made five league appearances . He eventually made his Southampton debut in a League Cup game against Huddersfield Town on 5 October 1994 . Unfortunately , at this time Southampton were enduring frequent changes of manager and , as a result , Tisdale never had a settled run in the first team . Having played his last senior game for Southampton on 27 April 1996 , he again went out on loan in the 1996–97 season , this time to Huddersfield Town , where he made only two appearances . In his time at Southampton he made a total of 18 first team appearances , scoring once , against Manchester City on 16 March 1996 , when he took one touch and delicately lifted the ball over goalkeeper Eike Immel . Following the departure of mentor David Merrington , Tisdale moved to Bristol City in August 1997 . Bristol City and abroad . At Bristol City his appearances were limited . It was while at Bristol City that Tisdale got his first taste of life at Exeter City , with a three-month loan at the club during the 1997–98 season . He left Ashton Gate after just one year , and played abroad for both Finnish club FinnPa and Greek club Panionios before returning to England to spend a year with Yeovil Town . Coaching and management . Team Bath . Injury forced him to end his career early , and he took a coaching role with non-league club Team Bath in 2000 . Tisdale entered the University of Bath side into the 2002–03 FA Cup , becoming the first university team to enter the competition since Gonville & Caius in 1881 . Team Bath entered in the preliminary round and advanced through four qualifying rounds to the first round proper , before losing to Mansfield Town . At Team Bath , Tisdale led the club through four promotions in non-league football . Exeter City . During the summer of 2006 , Tisdale left Team Bath to take up the vacant managers position at then Conference National side Exeter City . In his first season he led the club to their first playoff finish , just missing out on promotion after losing the final 2–1 to Morecambe at Wembley Stadium on 20 May 2007 . However the following season success would soon follow , with Tisdale eventually leading the club to yet another playoff finish and ultimately promotion to the Football League following a 1–0 final victory over Cambridge United on 18 May 2008 . Following promotion , Tisdale signed a new two-year rolling contract with the club in October 2008 . Under his guidance the club continued their impressive form with Tisdale eventually leading the club to a second-place finish and promotion to League One , becoming the first Exeter City manager in their history to lead the club to back-to-back promotions . The following 2009–10 season proved more of a challenge however , with the club surviving relegation from the third tier with an 18th-placed finish on the final day of the season following a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town . Exeter Citys second season in League One under Tisdale proved to be far more successful , with the club finishing in eighth place at the conclusion of the 2010–11 season – equalling the clubs highest ever league finish . During the final day of the season , Tisdale – also a registered player at the club – came on as a 90th-minute substitute in a 2–1 away win over Sheffield Wednesday . The 2011–12 season however , concluded Exeter Citys short stay in League One under Tisdale , with the club eventually relegated to League Two following a 23rd-place finish . Over the following four seasons under Tisdales management , Exeter maintained their League Two status with consecutive top half finishes . At the end of the 2016–17 season – Tisdales eleventh season as manager of the club – Exeter City finished in fifth place , achieving another playoff finish . After defeating Carlisle United across a two-legged semi-final , Tisdale led Exeter to Wembley once again . The final would end in disappointment however , with Blackpool defeating Exeter 2–1 on 28 May 2017 . The 2017–18 season was to be Tisdales final season as manager of Exeter City . Once again he led the club to the playoffs after achieving a fourth-place league finish . Following victory over promotion rivals Lincoln City across two legs , Tisdale led Exeter City to a Wembley playoff final for a fourth time . Once again , the day was to end with disappointment for Tisdale and Exeter City , with Coventry City winning the tie 3–1 on 28 May 2018 . On 1 June 2018 , following a failure to agree a new contract , Tisdale left Exeter City after twelve years at the club . At the time of his departure , Tisdale was the longest serving manager in English footballs top four divisions . Milton Keynes Dons . Tisdale was appointed manager of newly relegated League Two club Milton Keynes Dons on 6 June 2018 ahead of the 2018–19 season . After a near-perfect month which saw the club gain 16 points from a possible 18 , he was named League Two Manager of the Month for October 2018 by the EFL for only the second time in his career . Tisdale went on to lead Milton Keynes Dons to automatic promotion back to League One at the first attempt , achieving a third-place finish . Following a poor start to the 2019–20 season in which Milton Keynes Dons achieved only one point from a possible 27 - the worst run of results in the clubs short history - Tisdales contract with the club was mutually terminated on 2 November 2019 following a 1–3 home defeat to Tranmere Rovers . Bristol Rovers . After a twelve month break , Tisdale returned to football management on 19 November 2020 , signing a two-and-a-half year deal with League One club Bristol Rovers . On 10 February 2021 , Tisdale departed the club after just 12 points in 15 league matches that saw Rovers only outside of the relegation zone on goal difference . Colchester United . On 1 April 2021 , Tisdale joined Colchester United in an advisory role until the end of the season , assisting inexperienced head coach Hayden Mullins as Colchester attempted to stay in the Football League . Personal life . He went to school in Bath , where he was childhood friends with actor Andrew Lincoln . In 2017 , Lincoln said One of my oldest and dearest friends happens to be Paul Tisdale . So Ive been watching him very avidly throughout his whole career and Ive been very proud of him . Tisdales uncle is Game of Thrones actor James Faulkner who played Randyll Tarly in the show . His brother Peter Tisdale also played at Bath City and Team Bath and attracted interest from league clubs such as Queens Park Rangers and Bournemouth FC before deciding on a corporate career after graduating from the University of Bath with a degree in politics and economics . Honours . As a manager . Team Bath - Western Football League First Division : 2000–01 - Western Football League Premier Division : 2002–03 Exeter City - Conference Premier play-offs : 2008 - Football League Two runners-up : 2008–09 Milton Keynes Dons - EFL League Two third-place promotion : 2018–19 Individual - LMA Manager of the Year : 2008–09 League Two - EFL League Two Manager of the Month : August 2017 , October 2018 External links . - www.paultisdale.co.uk
|
[
"Exeter City"
] |
[
{
"text": " Paul Robert Tisdale ( born 14 January 1973 ) is an English former professional footballer and manager , currently in an advisory role at Colchester United .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": "As a player , Tisdale represented Southampton , Bristol City , FinnPa , Panionios and Yeovil Town during a career which began in 1991 and concluded in 2000 , playing primarily as a midfielder . During his time at Exeter City , he remained registered as a player between 2007 and 2016 , making his debut as a late substitute in a 2–1 victory at Sheffield Wednesday at the end of the 2010–11 season and naming himself as a substitute in the EFL Trophy match at Oxford Utd on 30 August 2016 .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": " Tisdale previously managed Team Bath . Having managed Exeter City from June 2006 until June 2018 , he was , for 19 days , the longest-serving manager at one club in the English Football League .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": " A former England schools international , Tisdale came through the youth system at Southampton . He signed as a professional in June 1991 . He was loaned out to Northampton Town in February and March 1993 , where he made five league appearances .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": "He eventually made his Southampton debut in a League Cup game against Huddersfield Town on 5 October 1994 . Unfortunately , at this time Southampton were enduring frequent changes of manager and , as a result , Tisdale never had a settled run in the first team . Having played his last senior game for Southampton on 27 April 1996 , he again went out on loan in the 1996–97 season , this time to Huddersfield Town , where he made only two appearances .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": " In his time at Southampton he made a total of 18 first team appearances , scoring once , against Manchester City on 16 March 1996 , when he took one touch and delicately lifted the ball over goalkeeper Eike Immel . Following the departure of mentor David Merrington , Tisdale moved to Bristol City in August 1997 . Bristol City and abroad .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": "At Bristol City his appearances were limited . It was while at Bristol City that Tisdale got his first taste of life at Exeter City , with a three-month loan at the club during the 1997–98 season . He left Ashton Gate after just one year , and played abroad for both Finnish club FinnPa and Greek club Panionios before returning to England to spend a year with Yeovil Town .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": " Injury forced him to end his career early , and he took a coaching role with non-league club Team Bath in 2000 . Tisdale entered the University of Bath side into the 2002–03 FA Cup , becoming the first university team to enter the competition since Gonville & Caius in 1881 . Team Bath entered in the preliminary round and advanced through four qualifying rounds to the first round proper , before losing to Mansfield Town . At Team Bath , Tisdale led the club through four promotions in non-league football .",
"title": "Team Bath"
},
{
"text": " During the summer of 2006 , Tisdale left Team Bath to take up the vacant managers position at then Conference National side Exeter City . In his first season he led the club to their first playoff finish , just missing out on promotion after losing the final 2–1 to Morecambe at Wembley Stadium on 20 May 2007 .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "However the following season success would soon follow , with Tisdale eventually leading the club to yet another playoff finish and ultimately promotion to the Football League following a 1–0 final victory over Cambridge United on 18 May 2008 . Following promotion , Tisdale signed a new two-year rolling contract with the club in October 2008 . Under his guidance the club continued their impressive form with Tisdale eventually leading the club to a second-place finish and promotion to League One , becoming the first Exeter City manager in their history to lead the club to back-to-back promotions .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "The following 2009–10 season proved more of a challenge however , with the club surviving relegation from the third tier with an 18th-placed finish on the final day of the season following a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town . Exeter Citys second season in League One under Tisdale proved to be far more successful , with the club finishing in eighth place at the conclusion of the 2010–11 season – equalling the clubs highest ever league finish . During the final day of the season , Tisdale – also a registered player at the club – came on as a",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "90th-minute substitute in a 2–1 away win over Sheffield Wednesday . The 2011–12 season however , concluded Exeter Citys short stay in League One under Tisdale , with the club eventually relegated to League Two following a 23rd-place finish .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": " Over the following four seasons under Tisdales management , Exeter maintained their League Two status with consecutive top half finishes . At the end of the 2016–17 season – Tisdales eleventh season as manager of the club – Exeter City finished in fifth place , achieving another playoff finish . After defeating Carlisle United across a two-legged semi-final , Tisdale led Exeter to Wembley once again . The final would end in disappointment however , with Blackpool defeating Exeter 2–1 on 28 May 2017 .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "The 2017–18 season was to be Tisdales final season as manager of Exeter City . Once again he led the club to the playoffs after achieving a fourth-place league finish . Following victory over promotion rivals Lincoln City across two legs , Tisdale led Exeter City to a Wembley playoff final for a fourth time . Once again , the day was to end with disappointment for Tisdale and Exeter City , with Coventry City winning the tie 3–1 on 28 May 2018 . On 1 June 2018 , following a failure to agree a new contract , Tisdale left",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "Exeter City after twelve years at the club . At the time of his departure , Tisdale was the longest serving manager in English footballs top four divisions .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": " Tisdale was appointed manager of newly relegated League Two club Milton Keynes Dons on 6 June 2018 ahead of the 2018–19 season . After a near-perfect month which saw the club gain 16 points from a possible 18 , he was named League Two Manager of the Month for October 2018 by the EFL for only the second time in his career . Tisdale went on to lead Milton Keynes Dons to automatic promotion back to League One at the first attempt , achieving a third-place finish .",
"title": "Milton Keynes Dons"
},
{
"text": "Following a poor start to the 2019–20 season in which Milton Keynes Dons achieved only one point from a possible 27 - the worst run of results in the clubs short history - Tisdales contract with the club was mutually terminated on 2 November 2019 following a 1–3 home defeat to Tranmere Rovers .",
"title": "Milton Keynes Dons"
},
{
"text": " After a twelve month break , Tisdale returned to football management on 19 November 2020 , signing a two-and-a-half year deal with League One club Bristol Rovers . On 10 February 2021 , Tisdale departed the club after just 12 points in 15 league matches that saw Rovers only outside of the relegation zone on goal difference .",
"title": "Bristol Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 1 April 2021 , Tisdale joined Colchester United in an advisory role until the end of the season , assisting inexperienced head coach Hayden Mullins as Colchester attempted to stay in the Football League .",
"title": "Colchester United"
},
{
"text": " He went to school in Bath , where he was childhood friends with actor Andrew Lincoln . In 2017 , Lincoln said One of my oldest and dearest friends happens to be Paul Tisdale . So Ive been watching him very avidly throughout his whole career and Ive been very proud of him . Tisdales uncle is Game of Thrones actor James Faulkner who played Randyll Tarly in the show .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "His brother Peter Tisdale also played at Bath City and Team Bath and attracted interest from league clubs such as Queens Park Rangers and Bournemouth FC before deciding on a corporate career after graduating from the University of Bath with a degree in politics and economics .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Western Football League First Division : 2000–01 - Western Football League Premier Division : 2002–03",
"title": "Team Bath"
},
{
"text": " - LMA Manager of the Year : 2008–09 League Two - EFL League Two Manager of the Month : August 2017 , October 2018",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - www.paultisdale.co.uk",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Paul_Tisdale#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Paul Tisdale belong to in Jun 1998?
|
Paul Tisdale Paul Robert Tisdale ( born 14 January 1973 ) is an English former professional footballer and manager , currently in an advisory role at Colchester United . As a player , Tisdale represented Southampton , Bristol City , FinnPa , Panionios and Yeovil Town during a career which began in 1991 and concluded in 2000 , playing primarily as a midfielder . During his time at Exeter City , he remained registered as a player between 2007 and 2016 , making his debut as a late substitute in a 2–1 victory at Sheffield Wednesday at the end of the 2010–11 season and naming himself as a substitute in the EFL Trophy match at Oxford Utd on 30 August 2016 . Tisdale previously managed Team Bath . Having managed Exeter City from June 2006 until June 2018 , he was , for 19 days , the longest-serving manager at one club in the English Football League . Playing career . Southampton . A former England schools international , Tisdale came through the youth system at Southampton . He signed as a professional in June 1991 . He was loaned out to Northampton Town in February and March 1993 , where he made five league appearances . He eventually made his Southampton debut in a League Cup game against Huddersfield Town on 5 October 1994 . Unfortunately , at this time Southampton were enduring frequent changes of manager and , as a result , Tisdale never had a settled run in the first team . Having played his last senior game for Southampton on 27 April 1996 , he again went out on loan in the 1996–97 season , this time to Huddersfield Town , where he made only two appearances . In his time at Southampton he made a total of 18 first team appearances , scoring once , against Manchester City on 16 March 1996 , when he took one touch and delicately lifted the ball over goalkeeper Eike Immel . Following the departure of mentor David Merrington , Tisdale moved to Bristol City in August 1997 . Bristol City and abroad . At Bristol City his appearances were limited . It was while at Bristol City that Tisdale got his first taste of life at Exeter City , with a three-month loan at the club during the 1997–98 season . He left Ashton Gate after just one year , and played abroad for both Finnish club FinnPa and Greek club Panionios before returning to England to spend a year with Yeovil Town . Coaching and management . Team Bath . Injury forced him to end his career early , and he took a coaching role with non-league club Team Bath in 2000 . Tisdale entered the University of Bath side into the 2002–03 FA Cup , becoming the first university team to enter the competition since Gonville & Caius in 1881 . Team Bath entered in the preliminary round and advanced through four qualifying rounds to the first round proper , before losing to Mansfield Town . At Team Bath , Tisdale led the club through four promotions in non-league football . Exeter City . During the summer of 2006 , Tisdale left Team Bath to take up the vacant managers position at then Conference National side Exeter City . In his first season he led the club to their first playoff finish , just missing out on promotion after losing the final 2–1 to Morecambe at Wembley Stadium on 20 May 2007 . However the following season success would soon follow , with Tisdale eventually leading the club to yet another playoff finish and ultimately promotion to the Football League following a 1–0 final victory over Cambridge United on 18 May 2008 . Following promotion , Tisdale signed a new two-year rolling contract with the club in October 2008 . Under his guidance the club continued their impressive form with Tisdale eventually leading the club to a second-place finish and promotion to League One , becoming the first Exeter City manager in their history to lead the club to back-to-back promotions . The following 2009–10 season proved more of a challenge however , with the club surviving relegation from the third tier with an 18th-placed finish on the final day of the season following a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town . Exeter Citys second season in League One under Tisdale proved to be far more successful , with the club finishing in eighth place at the conclusion of the 2010–11 season – equalling the clubs highest ever league finish . During the final day of the season , Tisdale – also a registered player at the club – came on as a 90th-minute substitute in a 2–1 away win over Sheffield Wednesday . The 2011–12 season however , concluded Exeter Citys short stay in League One under Tisdale , with the club eventually relegated to League Two following a 23rd-place finish . Over the following four seasons under Tisdales management , Exeter maintained their League Two status with consecutive top half finishes . At the end of the 2016–17 season – Tisdales eleventh season as manager of the club – Exeter City finished in fifth place , achieving another playoff finish . After defeating Carlisle United across a two-legged semi-final , Tisdale led Exeter to Wembley once again . The final would end in disappointment however , with Blackpool defeating Exeter 2–1 on 28 May 2017 . The 2017–18 season was to be Tisdales final season as manager of Exeter City . Once again he led the club to the playoffs after achieving a fourth-place league finish . Following victory over promotion rivals Lincoln City across two legs , Tisdale led Exeter City to a Wembley playoff final for a fourth time . Once again , the day was to end with disappointment for Tisdale and Exeter City , with Coventry City winning the tie 3–1 on 28 May 2018 . On 1 June 2018 , following a failure to agree a new contract , Tisdale left Exeter City after twelve years at the club . At the time of his departure , Tisdale was the longest serving manager in English footballs top four divisions . Milton Keynes Dons . Tisdale was appointed manager of newly relegated League Two club Milton Keynes Dons on 6 June 2018 ahead of the 2018–19 season . After a near-perfect month which saw the club gain 16 points from a possible 18 , he was named League Two Manager of the Month for October 2018 by the EFL for only the second time in his career . Tisdale went on to lead Milton Keynes Dons to automatic promotion back to League One at the first attempt , achieving a third-place finish . Following a poor start to the 2019–20 season in which Milton Keynes Dons achieved only one point from a possible 27 - the worst run of results in the clubs short history - Tisdales contract with the club was mutually terminated on 2 November 2019 following a 1–3 home defeat to Tranmere Rovers . Bristol Rovers . After a twelve month break , Tisdale returned to football management on 19 November 2020 , signing a two-and-a-half year deal with League One club Bristol Rovers . On 10 February 2021 , Tisdale departed the club after just 12 points in 15 league matches that saw Rovers only outside of the relegation zone on goal difference . Colchester United . On 1 April 2021 , Tisdale joined Colchester United in an advisory role until the end of the season , assisting inexperienced head coach Hayden Mullins as Colchester attempted to stay in the Football League . Personal life . He went to school in Bath , where he was childhood friends with actor Andrew Lincoln . In 2017 , Lincoln said One of my oldest and dearest friends happens to be Paul Tisdale . So Ive been watching him very avidly throughout his whole career and Ive been very proud of him . Tisdales uncle is Game of Thrones actor James Faulkner who played Randyll Tarly in the show . His brother Peter Tisdale also played at Bath City and Team Bath and attracted interest from league clubs such as Queens Park Rangers and Bournemouth FC before deciding on a corporate career after graduating from the University of Bath with a degree in politics and economics . Honours . As a manager . Team Bath - Western Football League First Division : 2000–01 - Western Football League Premier Division : 2002–03 Exeter City - Conference Premier play-offs : 2008 - Football League Two runners-up : 2008–09 Milton Keynes Dons - EFL League Two third-place promotion : 2018–19 Individual - LMA Manager of the Year : 2008–09 League Two - EFL League Two Manager of the Month : August 2017 , October 2018 External links . - www.paultisdale.co.uk
|
[
"Panionios"
] |
[
{
"text": " Paul Robert Tisdale ( born 14 January 1973 ) is an English former professional footballer and manager , currently in an advisory role at Colchester United .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": "As a player , Tisdale represented Southampton , Bristol City , FinnPa , Panionios and Yeovil Town during a career which began in 1991 and concluded in 2000 , playing primarily as a midfielder . During his time at Exeter City , he remained registered as a player between 2007 and 2016 , making his debut as a late substitute in a 2–1 victory at Sheffield Wednesday at the end of the 2010–11 season and naming himself as a substitute in the EFL Trophy match at Oxford Utd on 30 August 2016 .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": " Tisdale previously managed Team Bath . Having managed Exeter City from June 2006 until June 2018 , he was , for 19 days , the longest-serving manager at one club in the English Football League .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": " A former England schools international , Tisdale came through the youth system at Southampton . He signed as a professional in June 1991 . He was loaned out to Northampton Town in February and March 1993 , where he made five league appearances .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": "He eventually made his Southampton debut in a League Cup game against Huddersfield Town on 5 October 1994 . Unfortunately , at this time Southampton were enduring frequent changes of manager and , as a result , Tisdale never had a settled run in the first team . Having played his last senior game for Southampton on 27 April 1996 , he again went out on loan in the 1996–97 season , this time to Huddersfield Town , where he made only two appearances .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": " In his time at Southampton he made a total of 18 first team appearances , scoring once , against Manchester City on 16 March 1996 , when he took one touch and delicately lifted the ball over goalkeeper Eike Immel . Following the departure of mentor David Merrington , Tisdale moved to Bristol City in August 1997 . Bristol City and abroad .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": "At Bristol City his appearances were limited . It was while at Bristol City that Tisdale got his first taste of life at Exeter City , with a three-month loan at the club during the 1997–98 season . He left Ashton Gate after just one year , and played abroad for both Finnish club FinnPa and Greek club Panionios before returning to England to spend a year with Yeovil Town .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": " Injury forced him to end his career early , and he took a coaching role with non-league club Team Bath in 2000 . Tisdale entered the University of Bath side into the 2002–03 FA Cup , becoming the first university team to enter the competition since Gonville & Caius in 1881 . Team Bath entered in the preliminary round and advanced through four qualifying rounds to the first round proper , before losing to Mansfield Town . At Team Bath , Tisdale led the club through four promotions in non-league football .",
"title": "Team Bath"
},
{
"text": " During the summer of 2006 , Tisdale left Team Bath to take up the vacant managers position at then Conference National side Exeter City . In his first season he led the club to their first playoff finish , just missing out on promotion after losing the final 2–1 to Morecambe at Wembley Stadium on 20 May 2007 .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "However the following season success would soon follow , with Tisdale eventually leading the club to yet another playoff finish and ultimately promotion to the Football League following a 1–0 final victory over Cambridge United on 18 May 2008 . Following promotion , Tisdale signed a new two-year rolling contract with the club in October 2008 . Under his guidance the club continued their impressive form with Tisdale eventually leading the club to a second-place finish and promotion to League One , becoming the first Exeter City manager in their history to lead the club to back-to-back promotions .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "The following 2009–10 season proved more of a challenge however , with the club surviving relegation from the third tier with an 18th-placed finish on the final day of the season following a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town . Exeter Citys second season in League One under Tisdale proved to be far more successful , with the club finishing in eighth place at the conclusion of the 2010–11 season – equalling the clubs highest ever league finish . During the final day of the season , Tisdale – also a registered player at the club – came on as a",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "90th-minute substitute in a 2–1 away win over Sheffield Wednesday . The 2011–12 season however , concluded Exeter Citys short stay in League One under Tisdale , with the club eventually relegated to League Two following a 23rd-place finish .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": " Over the following four seasons under Tisdales management , Exeter maintained their League Two status with consecutive top half finishes . At the end of the 2016–17 season – Tisdales eleventh season as manager of the club – Exeter City finished in fifth place , achieving another playoff finish . After defeating Carlisle United across a two-legged semi-final , Tisdale led Exeter to Wembley once again . The final would end in disappointment however , with Blackpool defeating Exeter 2–1 on 28 May 2017 .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "The 2017–18 season was to be Tisdales final season as manager of Exeter City . Once again he led the club to the playoffs after achieving a fourth-place league finish . Following victory over promotion rivals Lincoln City across two legs , Tisdale led Exeter City to a Wembley playoff final for a fourth time . Once again , the day was to end with disappointment for Tisdale and Exeter City , with Coventry City winning the tie 3–1 on 28 May 2018 . On 1 June 2018 , following a failure to agree a new contract , Tisdale left",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "Exeter City after twelve years at the club . At the time of his departure , Tisdale was the longest serving manager in English footballs top four divisions .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": " Tisdale was appointed manager of newly relegated League Two club Milton Keynes Dons on 6 June 2018 ahead of the 2018–19 season . After a near-perfect month which saw the club gain 16 points from a possible 18 , he was named League Two Manager of the Month for October 2018 by the EFL for only the second time in his career . Tisdale went on to lead Milton Keynes Dons to automatic promotion back to League One at the first attempt , achieving a third-place finish .",
"title": "Milton Keynes Dons"
},
{
"text": "Following a poor start to the 2019–20 season in which Milton Keynes Dons achieved only one point from a possible 27 - the worst run of results in the clubs short history - Tisdales contract with the club was mutually terminated on 2 November 2019 following a 1–3 home defeat to Tranmere Rovers .",
"title": "Milton Keynes Dons"
},
{
"text": " After a twelve month break , Tisdale returned to football management on 19 November 2020 , signing a two-and-a-half year deal with League One club Bristol Rovers . On 10 February 2021 , Tisdale departed the club after just 12 points in 15 league matches that saw Rovers only outside of the relegation zone on goal difference .",
"title": "Bristol Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 1 April 2021 , Tisdale joined Colchester United in an advisory role until the end of the season , assisting inexperienced head coach Hayden Mullins as Colchester attempted to stay in the Football League .",
"title": "Colchester United"
},
{
"text": " He went to school in Bath , where he was childhood friends with actor Andrew Lincoln . In 2017 , Lincoln said One of my oldest and dearest friends happens to be Paul Tisdale . So Ive been watching him very avidly throughout his whole career and Ive been very proud of him . Tisdales uncle is Game of Thrones actor James Faulkner who played Randyll Tarly in the show .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "His brother Peter Tisdale also played at Bath City and Team Bath and attracted interest from league clubs such as Queens Park Rangers and Bournemouth FC before deciding on a corporate career after graduating from the University of Bath with a degree in politics and economics .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Western Football League First Division : 2000–01 - Western Football League Premier Division : 2002–03",
"title": "Team Bath"
},
{
"text": " - LMA Manager of the Year : 2008–09 League Two - EFL League Two Manager of the Month : August 2017 , October 2018",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - www.paultisdale.co.uk",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Paul_Tisdale#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Paul Tisdale belong to after Jun 1999?
|
Paul Tisdale Paul Robert Tisdale ( born 14 January 1973 ) is an English former professional footballer and manager , currently in an advisory role at Colchester United . As a player , Tisdale represented Southampton , Bristol City , FinnPa , Panionios and Yeovil Town during a career which began in 1991 and concluded in 2000 , playing primarily as a midfielder . During his time at Exeter City , he remained registered as a player between 2007 and 2016 , making his debut as a late substitute in a 2–1 victory at Sheffield Wednesday at the end of the 2010–11 season and naming himself as a substitute in the EFL Trophy match at Oxford Utd on 30 August 2016 . Tisdale previously managed Team Bath . Having managed Exeter City from June 2006 until June 2018 , he was , for 19 days , the longest-serving manager at one club in the English Football League . Playing career . Southampton . A former England schools international , Tisdale came through the youth system at Southampton . He signed as a professional in June 1991 . He was loaned out to Northampton Town in February and March 1993 , where he made five league appearances . He eventually made his Southampton debut in a League Cup game against Huddersfield Town on 5 October 1994 . Unfortunately , at this time Southampton were enduring frequent changes of manager and , as a result , Tisdale never had a settled run in the first team . Having played his last senior game for Southampton on 27 April 1996 , he again went out on loan in the 1996–97 season , this time to Huddersfield Town , where he made only two appearances . In his time at Southampton he made a total of 18 first team appearances , scoring once , against Manchester City on 16 March 1996 , when he took one touch and delicately lifted the ball over goalkeeper Eike Immel . Following the departure of mentor David Merrington , Tisdale moved to Bristol City in August 1997 . Bristol City and abroad . At Bristol City his appearances were limited . It was while at Bristol City that Tisdale got his first taste of life at Exeter City , with a three-month loan at the club during the 1997–98 season . He left Ashton Gate after just one year , and played abroad for both Finnish club FinnPa and Greek club Panionios before returning to England to spend a year with Yeovil Town . Coaching and management . Team Bath . Injury forced him to end his career early , and he took a coaching role with non-league club Team Bath in 2000 . Tisdale entered the University of Bath side into the 2002–03 FA Cup , becoming the first university team to enter the competition since Gonville & Caius in 1881 . Team Bath entered in the preliminary round and advanced through four qualifying rounds to the first round proper , before losing to Mansfield Town . At Team Bath , Tisdale led the club through four promotions in non-league football . Exeter City . During the summer of 2006 , Tisdale left Team Bath to take up the vacant managers position at then Conference National side Exeter City . In his first season he led the club to their first playoff finish , just missing out on promotion after losing the final 2–1 to Morecambe at Wembley Stadium on 20 May 2007 . However the following season success would soon follow , with Tisdale eventually leading the club to yet another playoff finish and ultimately promotion to the Football League following a 1–0 final victory over Cambridge United on 18 May 2008 . Following promotion , Tisdale signed a new two-year rolling contract with the club in October 2008 . Under his guidance the club continued their impressive form with Tisdale eventually leading the club to a second-place finish and promotion to League One , becoming the first Exeter City manager in their history to lead the club to back-to-back promotions . The following 2009–10 season proved more of a challenge however , with the club surviving relegation from the third tier with an 18th-placed finish on the final day of the season following a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town . Exeter Citys second season in League One under Tisdale proved to be far more successful , with the club finishing in eighth place at the conclusion of the 2010–11 season – equalling the clubs highest ever league finish . During the final day of the season , Tisdale – also a registered player at the club – came on as a 90th-minute substitute in a 2–1 away win over Sheffield Wednesday . The 2011–12 season however , concluded Exeter Citys short stay in League One under Tisdale , with the club eventually relegated to League Two following a 23rd-place finish . Over the following four seasons under Tisdales management , Exeter maintained their League Two status with consecutive top half finishes . At the end of the 2016–17 season – Tisdales eleventh season as manager of the club – Exeter City finished in fifth place , achieving another playoff finish . After defeating Carlisle United across a two-legged semi-final , Tisdale led Exeter to Wembley once again . The final would end in disappointment however , with Blackpool defeating Exeter 2–1 on 28 May 2017 . The 2017–18 season was to be Tisdales final season as manager of Exeter City . Once again he led the club to the playoffs after achieving a fourth-place league finish . Following victory over promotion rivals Lincoln City across two legs , Tisdale led Exeter City to a Wembley playoff final for a fourth time . Once again , the day was to end with disappointment for Tisdale and Exeter City , with Coventry City winning the tie 3–1 on 28 May 2018 . On 1 June 2018 , following a failure to agree a new contract , Tisdale left Exeter City after twelve years at the club . At the time of his departure , Tisdale was the longest serving manager in English footballs top four divisions . Milton Keynes Dons . Tisdale was appointed manager of newly relegated League Two club Milton Keynes Dons on 6 June 2018 ahead of the 2018–19 season . After a near-perfect month which saw the club gain 16 points from a possible 18 , he was named League Two Manager of the Month for October 2018 by the EFL for only the second time in his career . Tisdale went on to lead Milton Keynes Dons to automatic promotion back to League One at the first attempt , achieving a third-place finish . Following a poor start to the 2019–20 season in which Milton Keynes Dons achieved only one point from a possible 27 - the worst run of results in the clubs short history - Tisdales contract with the club was mutually terminated on 2 November 2019 following a 1–3 home defeat to Tranmere Rovers . Bristol Rovers . After a twelve month break , Tisdale returned to football management on 19 November 2020 , signing a two-and-a-half year deal with League One club Bristol Rovers . On 10 February 2021 , Tisdale departed the club after just 12 points in 15 league matches that saw Rovers only outside of the relegation zone on goal difference . Colchester United . On 1 April 2021 , Tisdale joined Colchester United in an advisory role until the end of the season , assisting inexperienced head coach Hayden Mullins as Colchester attempted to stay in the Football League . Personal life . He went to school in Bath , where he was childhood friends with actor Andrew Lincoln . In 2017 , Lincoln said One of my oldest and dearest friends happens to be Paul Tisdale . So Ive been watching him very avidly throughout his whole career and Ive been very proud of him . Tisdales uncle is Game of Thrones actor James Faulkner who played Randyll Tarly in the show . His brother Peter Tisdale also played at Bath City and Team Bath and attracted interest from league clubs such as Queens Park Rangers and Bournemouth FC before deciding on a corporate career after graduating from the University of Bath with a degree in politics and economics . Honours . As a manager . Team Bath - Western Football League First Division : 2000–01 - Western Football League Premier Division : 2002–03 Exeter City - Conference Premier play-offs : 2008 - Football League Two runners-up : 2008–09 Milton Keynes Dons - EFL League Two third-place promotion : 2018–19 Individual - LMA Manager of the Year : 2008–09 League Two - EFL League Two Manager of the Month : August 2017 , October 2018 External links . - www.paultisdale.co.uk
|
[
"Yeovil Town"
] |
[
{
"text": " Paul Robert Tisdale ( born 14 January 1973 ) is an English former professional footballer and manager , currently in an advisory role at Colchester United .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": "As a player , Tisdale represented Southampton , Bristol City , FinnPa , Panionios and Yeovil Town during a career which began in 1991 and concluded in 2000 , playing primarily as a midfielder . During his time at Exeter City , he remained registered as a player between 2007 and 2016 , making his debut as a late substitute in a 2–1 victory at Sheffield Wednesday at the end of the 2010–11 season and naming himself as a substitute in the EFL Trophy match at Oxford Utd on 30 August 2016 .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": " Tisdale previously managed Team Bath . Having managed Exeter City from June 2006 until June 2018 , he was , for 19 days , the longest-serving manager at one club in the English Football League .",
"title": "Paul Tisdale"
},
{
"text": " A former England schools international , Tisdale came through the youth system at Southampton . He signed as a professional in June 1991 . He was loaned out to Northampton Town in February and March 1993 , where he made five league appearances .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": "He eventually made his Southampton debut in a League Cup game against Huddersfield Town on 5 October 1994 . Unfortunately , at this time Southampton were enduring frequent changes of manager and , as a result , Tisdale never had a settled run in the first team . Having played his last senior game for Southampton on 27 April 1996 , he again went out on loan in the 1996–97 season , this time to Huddersfield Town , where he made only two appearances .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": " In his time at Southampton he made a total of 18 first team appearances , scoring once , against Manchester City on 16 March 1996 , when he took one touch and delicately lifted the ball over goalkeeper Eike Immel . Following the departure of mentor David Merrington , Tisdale moved to Bristol City in August 1997 . Bristol City and abroad .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": "At Bristol City his appearances were limited . It was while at Bristol City that Tisdale got his first taste of life at Exeter City , with a three-month loan at the club during the 1997–98 season . He left Ashton Gate after just one year , and played abroad for both Finnish club FinnPa and Greek club Panionios before returning to England to spend a year with Yeovil Town .",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"text": " Injury forced him to end his career early , and he took a coaching role with non-league club Team Bath in 2000 . Tisdale entered the University of Bath side into the 2002–03 FA Cup , becoming the first university team to enter the competition since Gonville & Caius in 1881 . Team Bath entered in the preliminary round and advanced through four qualifying rounds to the first round proper , before losing to Mansfield Town . At Team Bath , Tisdale led the club through four promotions in non-league football .",
"title": "Team Bath"
},
{
"text": " During the summer of 2006 , Tisdale left Team Bath to take up the vacant managers position at then Conference National side Exeter City . In his first season he led the club to their first playoff finish , just missing out on promotion after losing the final 2–1 to Morecambe at Wembley Stadium on 20 May 2007 .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "However the following season success would soon follow , with Tisdale eventually leading the club to yet another playoff finish and ultimately promotion to the Football League following a 1–0 final victory over Cambridge United on 18 May 2008 . Following promotion , Tisdale signed a new two-year rolling contract with the club in October 2008 . Under his guidance the club continued their impressive form with Tisdale eventually leading the club to a second-place finish and promotion to League One , becoming the first Exeter City manager in their history to lead the club to back-to-back promotions .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "The following 2009–10 season proved more of a challenge however , with the club surviving relegation from the third tier with an 18th-placed finish on the final day of the season following a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town . Exeter Citys second season in League One under Tisdale proved to be far more successful , with the club finishing in eighth place at the conclusion of the 2010–11 season – equalling the clubs highest ever league finish . During the final day of the season , Tisdale – also a registered player at the club – came on as a",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "90th-minute substitute in a 2–1 away win over Sheffield Wednesday . The 2011–12 season however , concluded Exeter Citys short stay in League One under Tisdale , with the club eventually relegated to League Two following a 23rd-place finish .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": " Over the following four seasons under Tisdales management , Exeter maintained their League Two status with consecutive top half finishes . At the end of the 2016–17 season – Tisdales eleventh season as manager of the club – Exeter City finished in fifth place , achieving another playoff finish . After defeating Carlisle United across a two-legged semi-final , Tisdale led Exeter to Wembley once again . The final would end in disappointment however , with Blackpool defeating Exeter 2–1 on 28 May 2017 .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "The 2017–18 season was to be Tisdales final season as manager of Exeter City . Once again he led the club to the playoffs after achieving a fourth-place league finish . Following victory over promotion rivals Lincoln City across two legs , Tisdale led Exeter City to a Wembley playoff final for a fourth time . Once again , the day was to end with disappointment for Tisdale and Exeter City , with Coventry City winning the tie 3–1 on 28 May 2018 . On 1 June 2018 , following a failure to agree a new contract , Tisdale left",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": "Exeter City after twelve years at the club . At the time of his departure , Tisdale was the longest serving manager in English footballs top four divisions .",
"title": "Exeter City"
},
{
"text": " Tisdale was appointed manager of newly relegated League Two club Milton Keynes Dons on 6 June 2018 ahead of the 2018–19 season . After a near-perfect month which saw the club gain 16 points from a possible 18 , he was named League Two Manager of the Month for October 2018 by the EFL for only the second time in his career . Tisdale went on to lead Milton Keynes Dons to automatic promotion back to League One at the first attempt , achieving a third-place finish .",
"title": "Milton Keynes Dons"
},
{
"text": "Following a poor start to the 2019–20 season in which Milton Keynes Dons achieved only one point from a possible 27 - the worst run of results in the clubs short history - Tisdales contract with the club was mutually terminated on 2 November 2019 following a 1–3 home defeat to Tranmere Rovers .",
"title": "Milton Keynes Dons"
},
{
"text": " After a twelve month break , Tisdale returned to football management on 19 November 2020 , signing a two-and-a-half year deal with League One club Bristol Rovers . On 10 February 2021 , Tisdale departed the club after just 12 points in 15 league matches that saw Rovers only outside of the relegation zone on goal difference .",
"title": "Bristol Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 1 April 2021 , Tisdale joined Colchester United in an advisory role until the end of the season , assisting inexperienced head coach Hayden Mullins as Colchester attempted to stay in the Football League .",
"title": "Colchester United"
},
{
"text": " He went to school in Bath , where he was childhood friends with actor Andrew Lincoln . In 2017 , Lincoln said One of my oldest and dearest friends happens to be Paul Tisdale . So Ive been watching him very avidly throughout his whole career and Ive been very proud of him . Tisdales uncle is Game of Thrones actor James Faulkner who played Randyll Tarly in the show .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "His brother Peter Tisdale also played at Bath City and Team Bath and attracted interest from league clubs such as Queens Park Rangers and Bournemouth FC before deciding on a corporate career after graduating from the University of Bath with a degree in politics and economics .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Western Football League First Division : 2000–01 - Western Football League Premier Division : 2002–03",
"title": "Team Bath"
},
{
"text": " - LMA Manager of the Year : 2008–09 League Two - EFL League Two Manager of the Month : August 2017 , October 2018",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - www.paultisdale.co.uk",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Midland_Railway_1000_Class#P137#0
|
What operated Midland Railway 1000 Class in Apr 1921?
|
Midland Railway 1000 Class Midland Railway 1000 Class is a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed for passenger work . They were known to reach speeds of up to 85 mph ( 137 km/h ) . Overview . These were developed from a series of five locomotives ( 2631–2635 ) introduced in 1902 by Samuel Waite Johnson , which had a 3-cylinder compound arrangement on the Smith system , with one high-pressure cylinder inside the frames and two low-pressure cylinders outside , and used Smiths starting arrangement . On the first two locomotives independent control of high-pressure and low-pressure valve gears was available . From 1905 onwards , Johnsons successor Richard Deeley built an enlarged and simplified version , eliminating all the Smith refinements and fitting his own starting arrangement , making the engines simpler to drive . These locomotives were originally numbered 1000–1029 , but in the 1907 renumbering scheme the five Smith/Johnson locomotives became 1000–1004 and the Deeley compounds 1005–1034 . Ten more of these were added in 1908–1909 . The original Johnson locomotives were all subsequently renewed as Deeley compounds , including the now-preserved 1000 which was rebuilt and outshopped with a superheater in 1914 . Numbered 1000–1044 by both the Midland and LMS companies , British Railways renumbered the Midland series of compounds 41000–41044 after nationalisation in 1948 . Accidents and incidents . - On 23 December 1904 , locomotive No . 1040 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed at , Buckinghamshire due to excessive speed on a curve . Locomotive No . 1042 was hauling an express passenger train that collided with the wreckage at low speed . Four people were killed . - On 19 January 1918 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed when it ran into a landslip obstructing the line at Little Salkeld , Cumberland . Seven people were killed and 46 were injured . - On 10 July 1933 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was in a side-long collision with a freight train at Little Salkeld due to a signalmans error . One person was killed and about 30 were injured , one seriously . - On 12 April 1947 , locomotive No . 1004 was hauling a passenger train which was derailed near Keighley , Yorkshire when a bridge collapsed under it . - On 21 April 1952 , locomotive No . 41040 was one of two hauling a passenger train that was derailed at Blea Moor Loops , West Riding of Yorkshire when a defective brake hanger on the locomotive cause a set of points to move under the train . Preservation . No . 1000 was set aside for preservation after withdrawal in 1951 and restored in 1959 close to its 1914 condition , painted in Midland maroon livery , running enthusiasts specials until placed in the temporary Clapham Transport museum . Though steamed since preservation , it is currently a static exhibit at the Barrow Hill Engine Shed at Derbyshire , having been lent by the National Railway Museum in York . LMS compound locomotives . After the grouping , the LMS continued to build slightly modified MR Compounds as the LMS Compound 4-4-0 Other compound locomotives with the same 3-cylinder layout . - Nord 3.101 ( renumbered 3.395 in 1909 ) mixed traffic 2-6-0 prototype built 1887 by the French Chemins de Fer du Nord to the design of Edouard Sauvage - withdrawn in 1929 - NER Class 3CC number 1619 of the North Eastern Railway 4-4-0 express locomotive rebuilt in 1898 from a 2-cylinder compound . This was W.M . Smiths first application of his patent compound system . - Four Robinson 4-4-2 Atlantic locomotives , classes 8D and 8E , built 1905–1906 as Smith compounds for the British Great Central Railway . - One 4-6-2 locomotive ( No . 900 ) built by the North British Locomotive Company for the Cape Government Railway in South Africa . - Five 4-4-0 locomotives ( GNRI Class V ) designed by G.T Glover and built in 1932 for the Great Northern Railway ( Ireland ) . These used the Deeley starting arrangement . - André Chapelons 4-8-4 SNCF 242 A 1 - CSD 476.0/932.3 4-8-2 1949 References . - Sources - Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives , 1948 Edition , part 3 , pp 5–6 - Nock O.S . ( 1964 ) , The Midland Compounds ; David & Charles , Dawlish , U.K . External links . - Railuk database - Photo of No . 1000
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Midland Railway 1000 Class is a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed for passenger work . They were known to reach speeds of up to 85 mph ( 137 km/h ) .",
"title": "Midland Railway 1000 Class"
},
{
"text": "These were developed from a series of five locomotives ( 2631–2635 ) introduced in 1902 by Samuel Waite Johnson , which had a 3-cylinder compound arrangement on the Smith system , with one high-pressure cylinder inside the frames and two low-pressure cylinders outside , and used Smiths starting arrangement . On the first two locomotives independent control of high-pressure and low-pressure valve gears was available . From 1905 onwards , Johnsons successor Richard Deeley built an enlarged and simplified version , eliminating all the Smith refinements and fitting his own starting arrangement , making the engines simpler to drive .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": "These locomotives were originally numbered 1000–1029 , but in the 1907 renumbering scheme the five Smith/Johnson locomotives became 1000–1004 and the Deeley compounds 1005–1034 . Ten more of these were added in 1908–1909 . The original Johnson locomotives were all subsequently renewed as Deeley compounds , including the now-preserved 1000 which was rebuilt and outshopped with a superheater in 1914 .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " Numbered 1000–1044 by both the Midland and LMS companies , British Railways renumbered the Midland series of compounds 41000–41044 after nationalisation in 1948 .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " - On 23 December 1904 , locomotive No . 1040 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed at , Buckinghamshire due to excessive speed on a curve . Locomotive No . 1042 was hauling an express passenger train that collided with the wreckage at low speed . Four people were killed . - On 19 January 1918 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed when it ran into a landslip obstructing the line at Little Salkeld , Cumberland . Seven people were killed and 46 were injured .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": "- On 10 July 1933 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was in a side-long collision with a freight train at Little Salkeld due to a signalmans error . One person was killed and about 30 were injured , one seriously .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " - On 12 April 1947 , locomotive No . 1004 was hauling a passenger train which was derailed near Keighley , Yorkshire when a bridge collapsed under it . - On 21 April 1952 , locomotive No . 41040 was one of two hauling a passenger train that was derailed at Blea Moor Loops , West Riding of Yorkshire when a defective brake hanger on the locomotive cause a set of points to move under the train .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " No . 1000 was set aside for preservation after withdrawal in 1951 and restored in 1959 close to its 1914 condition , painted in Midland maroon livery , running enthusiasts specials until placed in the temporary Clapham Transport museum . Though steamed since preservation , it is currently a static exhibit at the Barrow Hill Engine Shed at Derbyshire , having been lent by the National Railway Museum in York .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " After the grouping , the LMS continued to build slightly modified MR Compounds as the LMS Compound 4-4-0 Other compound locomotives with the same 3-cylinder layout . - Nord 3.101 ( renumbered 3.395 in 1909 ) mixed traffic 2-6-0 prototype built 1887 by the French Chemins de Fer du Nord to the design of Edouard Sauvage - withdrawn in 1929 - NER Class 3CC number 1619 of the North Eastern Railway 4-4-0 express locomotive rebuilt in 1898 from a 2-cylinder compound . This was W.M . Smiths first application of his patent compound system .",
"title": "LMS compound locomotives"
},
{
"text": "- Four Robinson 4-4-2 Atlantic locomotives , classes 8D and 8E , built 1905–1906 as Smith compounds for the British Great Central Railway .",
"title": "LMS compound locomotives"
},
{
"text": " - One 4-6-2 locomotive ( No . 900 ) built by the North British Locomotive Company for the Cape Government Railway in South Africa . - Five 4-4-0 locomotives ( GNRI Class V ) designed by G.T Glover and built in 1932 for the Great Northern Railway ( Ireland ) . These used the Deeley starting arrangement . - André Chapelons 4-8-4 SNCF 242 A 1 - CSD 476.0/932.3 4-8-2 1949",
"title": "LMS compound locomotives"
},
{
"text": " - Sources - Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives , 1948 Edition , part 3 , pp 5–6 - Nock O.S . ( 1964 ) , The Midland Compounds ; David & Charles , Dawlish , U.K .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Railuk database - Photo of No . 1000",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Midland_Railway_1000_Class#P137#1
|
What operated Midland Railway 1000 Class between Jun 1933 and Jun 1943?
|
Midland Railway 1000 Class Midland Railway 1000 Class is a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed for passenger work . They were known to reach speeds of up to 85 mph ( 137 km/h ) . Overview . These were developed from a series of five locomotives ( 2631–2635 ) introduced in 1902 by Samuel Waite Johnson , which had a 3-cylinder compound arrangement on the Smith system , with one high-pressure cylinder inside the frames and two low-pressure cylinders outside , and used Smiths starting arrangement . On the first two locomotives independent control of high-pressure and low-pressure valve gears was available . From 1905 onwards , Johnsons successor Richard Deeley built an enlarged and simplified version , eliminating all the Smith refinements and fitting his own starting arrangement , making the engines simpler to drive . These locomotives were originally numbered 1000–1029 , but in the 1907 renumbering scheme the five Smith/Johnson locomotives became 1000–1004 and the Deeley compounds 1005–1034 . Ten more of these were added in 1908–1909 . The original Johnson locomotives were all subsequently renewed as Deeley compounds , including the now-preserved 1000 which was rebuilt and outshopped with a superheater in 1914 . Numbered 1000–1044 by both the Midland and LMS companies , British Railways renumbered the Midland series of compounds 41000–41044 after nationalisation in 1948 . Accidents and incidents . - On 23 December 1904 , locomotive No . 1040 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed at , Buckinghamshire due to excessive speed on a curve . Locomotive No . 1042 was hauling an express passenger train that collided with the wreckage at low speed . Four people were killed . - On 19 January 1918 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed when it ran into a landslip obstructing the line at Little Salkeld , Cumberland . Seven people were killed and 46 were injured . - On 10 July 1933 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was in a side-long collision with a freight train at Little Salkeld due to a signalmans error . One person was killed and about 30 were injured , one seriously . - On 12 April 1947 , locomotive No . 1004 was hauling a passenger train which was derailed near Keighley , Yorkshire when a bridge collapsed under it . - On 21 April 1952 , locomotive No . 41040 was one of two hauling a passenger train that was derailed at Blea Moor Loops , West Riding of Yorkshire when a defective brake hanger on the locomotive cause a set of points to move under the train . Preservation . No . 1000 was set aside for preservation after withdrawal in 1951 and restored in 1959 close to its 1914 condition , painted in Midland maroon livery , running enthusiasts specials until placed in the temporary Clapham Transport museum . Though steamed since preservation , it is currently a static exhibit at the Barrow Hill Engine Shed at Derbyshire , having been lent by the National Railway Museum in York . LMS compound locomotives . After the grouping , the LMS continued to build slightly modified MR Compounds as the LMS Compound 4-4-0 Other compound locomotives with the same 3-cylinder layout . - Nord 3.101 ( renumbered 3.395 in 1909 ) mixed traffic 2-6-0 prototype built 1887 by the French Chemins de Fer du Nord to the design of Edouard Sauvage - withdrawn in 1929 - NER Class 3CC number 1619 of the North Eastern Railway 4-4-0 express locomotive rebuilt in 1898 from a 2-cylinder compound . This was W.M . Smiths first application of his patent compound system . - Four Robinson 4-4-2 Atlantic locomotives , classes 8D and 8E , built 1905–1906 as Smith compounds for the British Great Central Railway . - One 4-6-2 locomotive ( No . 900 ) built by the North British Locomotive Company for the Cape Government Railway in South Africa . - Five 4-4-0 locomotives ( GNRI Class V ) designed by G.T Glover and built in 1932 for the Great Northern Railway ( Ireland ) . These used the Deeley starting arrangement . - André Chapelons 4-8-4 SNCF 242 A 1 - CSD 476.0/932.3 4-8-2 1949 References . - Sources - Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives , 1948 Edition , part 3 , pp 5–6 - Nock O.S . ( 1964 ) , The Midland Compounds ; David & Charles , Dawlish , U.K . External links . - Railuk database - Photo of No . 1000
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Midland Railway 1000 Class is a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed for passenger work . They were known to reach speeds of up to 85 mph ( 137 km/h ) .",
"title": "Midland Railway 1000 Class"
},
{
"text": "These were developed from a series of five locomotives ( 2631–2635 ) introduced in 1902 by Samuel Waite Johnson , which had a 3-cylinder compound arrangement on the Smith system , with one high-pressure cylinder inside the frames and two low-pressure cylinders outside , and used Smiths starting arrangement . On the first two locomotives independent control of high-pressure and low-pressure valve gears was available . From 1905 onwards , Johnsons successor Richard Deeley built an enlarged and simplified version , eliminating all the Smith refinements and fitting his own starting arrangement , making the engines simpler to drive .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": "These locomotives were originally numbered 1000–1029 , but in the 1907 renumbering scheme the five Smith/Johnson locomotives became 1000–1004 and the Deeley compounds 1005–1034 . Ten more of these were added in 1908–1909 . The original Johnson locomotives were all subsequently renewed as Deeley compounds , including the now-preserved 1000 which was rebuilt and outshopped with a superheater in 1914 .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " Numbered 1000–1044 by both the Midland and LMS companies , British Railways renumbered the Midland series of compounds 41000–41044 after nationalisation in 1948 .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " - On 23 December 1904 , locomotive No . 1040 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed at , Buckinghamshire due to excessive speed on a curve . Locomotive No . 1042 was hauling an express passenger train that collided with the wreckage at low speed . Four people were killed . - On 19 January 1918 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed when it ran into a landslip obstructing the line at Little Salkeld , Cumberland . Seven people were killed and 46 were injured .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": "- On 10 July 1933 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was in a side-long collision with a freight train at Little Salkeld due to a signalmans error . One person was killed and about 30 were injured , one seriously .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " - On 12 April 1947 , locomotive No . 1004 was hauling a passenger train which was derailed near Keighley , Yorkshire when a bridge collapsed under it . - On 21 April 1952 , locomotive No . 41040 was one of two hauling a passenger train that was derailed at Blea Moor Loops , West Riding of Yorkshire when a defective brake hanger on the locomotive cause a set of points to move under the train .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " No . 1000 was set aside for preservation after withdrawal in 1951 and restored in 1959 close to its 1914 condition , painted in Midland maroon livery , running enthusiasts specials until placed in the temporary Clapham Transport museum . Though steamed since preservation , it is currently a static exhibit at the Barrow Hill Engine Shed at Derbyshire , having been lent by the National Railway Museum in York .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " After the grouping , the LMS continued to build slightly modified MR Compounds as the LMS Compound 4-4-0 Other compound locomotives with the same 3-cylinder layout . - Nord 3.101 ( renumbered 3.395 in 1909 ) mixed traffic 2-6-0 prototype built 1887 by the French Chemins de Fer du Nord to the design of Edouard Sauvage - withdrawn in 1929 - NER Class 3CC number 1619 of the North Eastern Railway 4-4-0 express locomotive rebuilt in 1898 from a 2-cylinder compound . This was W.M . Smiths first application of his patent compound system .",
"title": "LMS compound locomotives"
},
{
"text": "- Four Robinson 4-4-2 Atlantic locomotives , classes 8D and 8E , built 1905–1906 as Smith compounds for the British Great Central Railway .",
"title": "LMS compound locomotives"
},
{
"text": " - One 4-6-2 locomotive ( No . 900 ) built by the North British Locomotive Company for the Cape Government Railway in South Africa . - Five 4-4-0 locomotives ( GNRI Class V ) designed by G.T Glover and built in 1932 for the Great Northern Railway ( Ireland ) . These used the Deeley starting arrangement . - André Chapelons 4-8-4 SNCF 242 A 1 - CSD 476.0/932.3 4-8-2 1949",
"title": "LMS compound locomotives"
},
{
"text": " - Sources - Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives , 1948 Edition , part 3 , pp 5–6 - Nock O.S . ( 1964 ) , The Midland Compounds ; David & Charles , Dawlish , U.K .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Railuk database - Photo of No . 1000",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Midland_Railway_1000_Class#P137#2
|
What operated Midland Railway 1000 Class after Jan 1952?
|
Midland Railway 1000 Class Midland Railway 1000 Class is a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed for passenger work . They were known to reach speeds of up to 85 mph ( 137 km/h ) . Overview . These were developed from a series of five locomotives ( 2631–2635 ) introduced in 1902 by Samuel Waite Johnson , which had a 3-cylinder compound arrangement on the Smith system , with one high-pressure cylinder inside the frames and two low-pressure cylinders outside , and used Smiths starting arrangement . On the first two locomotives independent control of high-pressure and low-pressure valve gears was available . From 1905 onwards , Johnsons successor Richard Deeley built an enlarged and simplified version , eliminating all the Smith refinements and fitting his own starting arrangement , making the engines simpler to drive . These locomotives were originally numbered 1000–1029 , but in the 1907 renumbering scheme the five Smith/Johnson locomotives became 1000–1004 and the Deeley compounds 1005–1034 . Ten more of these were added in 1908–1909 . The original Johnson locomotives were all subsequently renewed as Deeley compounds , including the now-preserved 1000 which was rebuilt and outshopped with a superheater in 1914 . Numbered 1000–1044 by both the Midland and LMS companies , British Railways renumbered the Midland series of compounds 41000–41044 after nationalisation in 1948 . Accidents and incidents . - On 23 December 1904 , locomotive No . 1040 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed at , Buckinghamshire due to excessive speed on a curve . Locomotive No . 1042 was hauling an express passenger train that collided with the wreckage at low speed . Four people were killed . - On 19 January 1918 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed when it ran into a landslip obstructing the line at Little Salkeld , Cumberland . Seven people were killed and 46 were injured . - On 10 July 1933 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was in a side-long collision with a freight train at Little Salkeld due to a signalmans error . One person was killed and about 30 were injured , one seriously . - On 12 April 1947 , locomotive No . 1004 was hauling a passenger train which was derailed near Keighley , Yorkshire when a bridge collapsed under it . - On 21 April 1952 , locomotive No . 41040 was one of two hauling a passenger train that was derailed at Blea Moor Loops , West Riding of Yorkshire when a defective brake hanger on the locomotive cause a set of points to move under the train . Preservation . No . 1000 was set aside for preservation after withdrawal in 1951 and restored in 1959 close to its 1914 condition , painted in Midland maroon livery , running enthusiasts specials until placed in the temporary Clapham Transport museum . Though steamed since preservation , it is currently a static exhibit at the Barrow Hill Engine Shed at Derbyshire , having been lent by the National Railway Museum in York . LMS compound locomotives . After the grouping , the LMS continued to build slightly modified MR Compounds as the LMS Compound 4-4-0 Other compound locomotives with the same 3-cylinder layout . - Nord 3.101 ( renumbered 3.395 in 1909 ) mixed traffic 2-6-0 prototype built 1887 by the French Chemins de Fer du Nord to the design of Edouard Sauvage - withdrawn in 1929 - NER Class 3CC number 1619 of the North Eastern Railway 4-4-0 express locomotive rebuilt in 1898 from a 2-cylinder compound . This was W.M . Smiths first application of his patent compound system . - Four Robinson 4-4-2 Atlantic locomotives , classes 8D and 8E , built 1905–1906 as Smith compounds for the British Great Central Railway . - One 4-6-2 locomotive ( No . 900 ) built by the North British Locomotive Company for the Cape Government Railway in South Africa . - Five 4-4-0 locomotives ( GNRI Class V ) designed by G.T Glover and built in 1932 for the Great Northern Railway ( Ireland ) . These used the Deeley starting arrangement . - André Chapelons 4-8-4 SNCF 242 A 1 - CSD 476.0/932.3 4-8-2 1949 References . - Sources - Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives , 1948 Edition , part 3 , pp 5–6 - Nock O.S . ( 1964 ) , The Midland Compounds ; David & Charles , Dawlish , U.K . External links . - Railuk database - Photo of No . 1000
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Midland Railway 1000 Class is a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed for passenger work . They were known to reach speeds of up to 85 mph ( 137 km/h ) .",
"title": "Midland Railway 1000 Class"
},
{
"text": "These were developed from a series of five locomotives ( 2631–2635 ) introduced in 1902 by Samuel Waite Johnson , which had a 3-cylinder compound arrangement on the Smith system , with one high-pressure cylinder inside the frames and two low-pressure cylinders outside , and used Smiths starting arrangement . On the first two locomotives independent control of high-pressure and low-pressure valve gears was available . From 1905 onwards , Johnsons successor Richard Deeley built an enlarged and simplified version , eliminating all the Smith refinements and fitting his own starting arrangement , making the engines simpler to drive .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": "These locomotives were originally numbered 1000–1029 , but in the 1907 renumbering scheme the five Smith/Johnson locomotives became 1000–1004 and the Deeley compounds 1005–1034 . Ten more of these were added in 1908–1909 . The original Johnson locomotives were all subsequently renewed as Deeley compounds , including the now-preserved 1000 which was rebuilt and outshopped with a superheater in 1914 .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " Numbered 1000–1044 by both the Midland and LMS companies , British Railways renumbered the Midland series of compounds 41000–41044 after nationalisation in 1948 .",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"text": " - On 23 December 1904 , locomotive No . 1040 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed at , Buckinghamshire due to excessive speed on a curve . Locomotive No . 1042 was hauling an express passenger train that collided with the wreckage at low speed . Four people were killed . - On 19 January 1918 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed when it ran into a landslip obstructing the line at Little Salkeld , Cumberland . Seven people were killed and 46 were injured .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": "- On 10 July 1933 , locomotive No . 1010 was hauling an express passenger train that was in a side-long collision with a freight train at Little Salkeld due to a signalmans error . One person was killed and about 30 were injured , one seriously .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " - On 12 April 1947 , locomotive No . 1004 was hauling a passenger train which was derailed near Keighley , Yorkshire when a bridge collapsed under it . - On 21 April 1952 , locomotive No . 41040 was one of two hauling a passenger train that was derailed at Blea Moor Loops , West Riding of Yorkshire when a defective brake hanger on the locomotive cause a set of points to move under the train .",
"title": "Accidents and incidents"
},
{
"text": " No . 1000 was set aside for preservation after withdrawal in 1951 and restored in 1959 close to its 1914 condition , painted in Midland maroon livery , running enthusiasts specials until placed in the temporary Clapham Transport museum . Though steamed since preservation , it is currently a static exhibit at the Barrow Hill Engine Shed at Derbyshire , having been lent by the National Railway Museum in York .",
"title": "Preservation"
},
{
"text": " After the grouping , the LMS continued to build slightly modified MR Compounds as the LMS Compound 4-4-0 Other compound locomotives with the same 3-cylinder layout . - Nord 3.101 ( renumbered 3.395 in 1909 ) mixed traffic 2-6-0 prototype built 1887 by the French Chemins de Fer du Nord to the design of Edouard Sauvage - withdrawn in 1929 - NER Class 3CC number 1619 of the North Eastern Railway 4-4-0 express locomotive rebuilt in 1898 from a 2-cylinder compound . This was W.M . Smiths first application of his patent compound system .",
"title": "LMS compound locomotives"
},
{
"text": "- Four Robinson 4-4-2 Atlantic locomotives , classes 8D and 8E , built 1905–1906 as Smith compounds for the British Great Central Railway .",
"title": "LMS compound locomotives"
},
{
"text": " - One 4-6-2 locomotive ( No . 900 ) built by the North British Locomotive Company for the Cape Government Railway in South Africa . - Five 4-4-0 locomotives ( GNRI Class V ) designed by G.T Glover and built in 1932 for the Great Northern Railway ( Ireland ) . These used the Deeley starting arrangement . - André Chapelons 4-8-4 SNCF 242 A 1 - CSD 476.0/932.3 4-8-2 1949",
"title": "LMS compound locomotives"
},
{
"text": " - Sources - Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives , 1948 Edition , part 3 , pp 5–6 - Nock O.S . ( 1964 ) , The Midland Compounds ; David & Charles , Dawlish , U.K .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Railuk database - Photo of No . 1000",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Henk_Kamp#P39#0
|
What position did Henk Kamp take in Nov 1994?
|
Henk Kamp Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Henk Kamp ( ; born 23 July 1952 ) is a retired Dutch politician of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) and nonprofit director . Kamp studied Customs at the Civil Service Academy in Utrecht . Kamp worked as a tax collector for the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) of the Tax and Customs Administration from April 1980 until May 1994 . After the election of 1994 Kamp was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Integration . After the election of 2002 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment in the Cabinet Balkenende I taking office on 22 July 2002 . The Cabinet Balkenende I fell just 87 days into its term and shortly thereafter was appointed as Minister of Defence following the resignation of Benk Korthals taking office on 12 December 2002 . After the election of 2003 Kamp continued as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Balkenende II . The Cabinet Balkenende fell on 30 June 2006 was replaced with the caretaker Cabinet Balkenende III with Kamp retaining his position . After the election of 2006 Kamp returned to the House of Representatives on 30 November 2006 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Kingdom Relations . In December 2008 Kamp was nominated as the first Governor of the Caribbean Netherlands serving from 1 January 2009 until 10 October 2010 . After the election of 2010 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte I taking office 14 October 2010 . The Cabinet Rutte I fell 18 months into its term and shortly thereafter announced that he would not stand for the election of 2012 but accept to serve in a new cabinet position . After the election Kamp was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Rutte II taking office on 5 November 2012 . In February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement and that he wouldnt stand for the election of 2017 and declined to serve in new cabinet . Kamp retired from active politics at 65 and became active in the private and public sectors as a corporate and non-profit director and serves on several and councils on behalf of the government , and works as a trade association executive serving as Chairman of the Healthcare Providers association since January 2018 and became a Member of the Social and Economic Council for the Industry and Employers confederation ( VNO-NCW ) in February 2018 . Early life . Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Kamp was born on 23 July 1952 in Hengelo in the Netherlands Province of Overijssel in a Roman Catholic family . He left the Roman Catholic faith years later and became a Humanist . After completing his HAVO diploma he worked at two wholesalers in Enschede , Borculo and Tilburg until 1977 . From 1977 to 1980 he attended the auditors training at the Tax Training in Utrecht . He worked as an investigator for the Fiscal Intelligence and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) until 1986 . Politics . From 1976 to 1994 he was a member of the municipal council in Borculo . From 1986 he was in also alderman in Borculo . From 1987 to 1994 he was a member of the Provincial Council of Gelderland . He became a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 . On 22 July 2002 , Kamp became Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment . He was Minister of Defence from December 12 , 2002 till 22 February 2007 . After early elections were held as a result of parliamentary agreements following the formation of the minority cabinet Balkenende III . As part of his farewell tour as Minister of Defence , Henk Kamp visited the Dutch troops in Afghanistan and paid his respects to president Hamid Karzai . President Karzai awarded Henk Kamp the High State Medal of Ghazi Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan . Kamp left the House of Representatives on 1 January 2009 to head the transformation of Bonaire , Saba and St . Eustatius to special municipalities within the Netherlands . On 13 September 2012 , the day after the parliamentary elections , Kamp was asked to prepare for the formation of a new cabinet and had exploratory conversations with several parties . Already on that very day the Parliamentary leaders in the House of Representatives met with the President of the House of Representatives Gerdi Verbeet . His opinion after the talks was to start a formation on a coalition with the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Labour Party with himself and former Leader of the Labour Party Wouter Bos as informateurs . The formation resulted in the forming of the Cabinet Rutte II and Kamp became Minister of Economic Affairs and took office on 5 November 2012 . After the resignation of Minister of Security and Justice Ivo Opstelten on 10 March 2015 , Kamp became the senior member of the Council of Ministers and the third highest-ranking member after Prime Minister Mark Rutte and Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher . Early February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement from national politics as of the 2017 elections . External links . - Official - H.G.J . ( Henk ) Kamp Parlement & Politiek
|
[
"tax collector"
] |
[
{
"text": " Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Henk Kamp ( ; born 23 July 1952 ) is a retired Dutch politician of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) and nonprofit director .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "Kamp studied Customs at the Civil Service Academy in Utrecht . Kamp worked as a tax collector for the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) of the Tax and Customs Administration from April 1980 until May 1994 . After the election of 1994 Kamp was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Integration . After the election of 2002 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment in the Cabinet Balkenende I taking office on 22 July 2002 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "The Cabinet Balkenende I fell just 87 days into its term and shortly thereafter was appointed as Minister of Defence following the resignation of Benk Korthals taking office on 12 December 2002 . After the election of 2003 Kamp continued as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Balkenende II . The Cabinet Balkenende fell on 30 June 2006 was replaced with the caretaker Cabinet Balkenende III with Kamp retaining his position . After the election of 2006 Kamp returned to the House of Representatives on 30 November 2006 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Kingdom Relations . In",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "December 2008 Kamp was nominated as the first Governor of the Caribbean Netherlands serving from 1 January 2009 until 10 October 2010 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "After the election of 2010 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte I taking office 14 October 2010 . The Cabinet Rutte I fell 18 months into its term and shortly thereafter announced that he would not stand for the election of 2012 but accept to serve in a new cabinet position . After the election Kamp was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Rutte II taking office on 5 November 2012 . In February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement and that he wouldnt stand for the election of 2017",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "and declined to serve in new cabinet .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": " Kamp retired from active politics at 65 and became active in the private and public sectors as a corporate and non-profit director and serves on several and councils on behalf of the government , and works as a trade association executive serving as Chairman of the Healthcare Providers association since January 2018 and became a Member of the Social and Economic Council for the Industry and Employers confederation ( VNO-NCW ) in February 2018 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": " Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Kamp was born on 23 July 1952 in Hengelo in the Netherlands Province of Overijssel in a Roman Catholic family . He left the Roman Catholic faith years later and became a Humanist . After completing his HAVO diploma he worked at two wholesalers in Enschede , Borculo and Tilburg until 1977 . From 1977 to 1980 he attended the auditors training at the Tax Training in Utrecht . He worked as an investigator for the Fiscal Intelligence and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) until 1986 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "From 1976 to 1994 he was a member of the municipal council in Borculo . From 1986 he was in also alderman in Borculo . From 1987 to 1994 he was a member of the Provincial Council of Gelderland . He became a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 . On 22 July 2002 , Kamp became Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment . He was Minister of Defence from December 12 , 2002 till 22 February 2007 . After early elections were held as a result of parliamentary agreements following the formation",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "of the minority cabinet Balkenende III . As part of his farewell tour as Minister of Defence , Henk Kamp visited the Dutch troops in Afghanistan and paid his respects to president Hamid Karzai . President Karzai awarded Henk Kamp the High State Medal of Ghazi Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Kamp left the House of Representatives on 1 January 2009 to head the transformation of Bonaire , Saba and St . Eustatius to special municipalities within the Netherlands .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "On 13 September 2012 , the day after the parliamentary elections , Kamp was asked to prepare for the formation of a new cabinet and had exploratory conversations with several parties . Already on that very day the Parliamentary leaders in the House of Representatives met with the President of the House of Representatives Gerdi Verbeet . His opinion after the talks was to start a formation on a coalition with the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Labour Party with himself and former Leader of the Labour Party Wouter Bos as informateurs . The formation resulted in",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "the forming of the Cabinet Rutte II and Kamp became Minister of Economic Affairs and took office on 5 November 2012 . After the resignation of Minister of Security and Justice Ivo Opstelten on 10 March 2015 , Kamp became the senior member of the Council of Ministers and the third highest-ranking member after Prime Minister Mark Rutte and Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Early February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement from national politics as of the 2017 elections .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " - Official - H.G.J . ( Henk ) Kamp Parlement & Politiek",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Henk_Kamp#P39#1
|
What position did Henk Kamp take in Sep 2002?
|
Henk Kamp Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Henk Kamp ( ; born 23 July 1952 ) is a retired Dutch politician of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) and nonprofit director . Kamp studied Customs at the Civil Service Academy in Utrecht . Kamp worked as a tax collector for the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) of the Tax and Customs Administration from April 1980 until May 1994 . After the election of 1994 Kamp was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Integration . After the election of 2002 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment in the Cabinet Balkenende I taking office on 22 July 2002 . The Cabinet Balkenende I fell just 87 days into its term and shortly thereafter was appointed as Minister of Defence following the resignation of Benk Korthals taking office on 12 December 2002 . After the election of 2003 Kamp continued as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Balkenende II . The Cabinet Balkenende fell on 30 June 2006 was replaced with the caretaker Cabinet Balkenende III with Kamp retaining his position . After the election of 2006 Kamp returned to the House of Representatives on 30 November 2006 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Kingdom Relations . In December 2008 Kamp was nominated as the first Governor of the Caribbean Netherlands serving from 1 January 2009 until 10 October 2010 . After the election of 2010 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte I taking office 14 October 2010 . The Cabinet Rutte I fell 18 months into its term and shortly thereafter announced that he would not stand for the election of 2012 but accept to serve in a new cabinet position . After the election Kamp was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Rutte II taking office on 5 November 2012 . In February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement and that he wouldnt stand for the election of 2017 and declined to serve in new cabinet . Kamp retired from active politics at 65 and became active in the private and public sectors as a corporate and non-profit director and serves on several and councils on behalf of the government , and works as a trade association executive serving as Chairman of the Healthcare Providers association since January 2018 and became a Member of the Social and Economic Council for the Industry and Employers confederation ( VNO-NCW ) in February 2018 . Early life . Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Kamp was born on 23 July 1952 in Hengelo in the Netherlands Province of Overijssel in a Roman Catholic family . He left the Roman Catholic faith years later and became a Humanist . After completing his HAVO diploma he worked at two wholesalers in Enschede , Borculo and Tilburg until 1977 . From 1977 to 1980 he attended the auditors training at the Tax Training in Utrecht . He worked as an investigator for the Fiscal Intelligence and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) until 1986 . Politics . From 1976 to 1994 he was a member of the municipal council in Borculo . From 1986 he was in also alderman in Borculo . From 1987 to 1994 he was a member of the Provincial Council of Gelderland . He became a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 . On 22 July 2002 , Kamp became Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment . He was Minister of Defence from December 12 , 2002 till 22 February 2007 . After early elections were held as a result of parliamentary agreements following the formation of the minority cabinet Balkenende III . As part of his farewell tour as Minister of Defence , Henk Kamp visited the Dutch troops in Afghanistan and paid his respects to president Hamid Karzai . President Karzai awarded Henk Kamp the High State Medal of Ghazi Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan . Kamp left the House of Representatives on 1 January 2009 to head the transformation of Bonaire , Saba and St . Eustatius to special municipalities within the Netherlands . On 13 September 2012 , the day after the parliamentary elections , Kamp was asked to prepare for the formation of a new cabinet and had exploratory conversations with several parties . Already on that very day the Parliamentary leaders in the House of Representatives met with the President of the House of Representatives Gerdi Verbeet . His opinion after the talks was to start a formation on a coalition with the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Labour Party with himself and former Leader of the Labour Party Wouter Bos as informateurs . The formation resulted in the forming of the Cabinet Rutte II and Kamp became Minister of Economic Affairs and took office on 5 November 2012 . After the resignation of Minister of Security and Justice Ivo Opstelten on 10 March 2015 , Kamp became the senior member of the Council of Ministers and the third highest-ranking member after Prime Minister Mark Rutte and Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher . Early February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement from national politics as of the 2017 elections . External links . - Official - H.G.J . ( Henk ) Kamp Parlement & Politiek
|
[
"Minister of Housing"
] |
[
{
"text": " Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Henk Kamp ( ; born 23 July 1952 ) is a retired Dutch politician of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) and nonprofit director .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "Kamp studied Customs at the Civil Service Academy in Utrecht . Kamp worked as a tax collector for the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) of the Tax and Customs Administration from April 1980 until May 1994 . After the election of 1994 Kamp was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Integration . After the election of 2002 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment in the Cabinet Balkenende I taking office on 22 July 2002 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "The Cabinet Balkenende I fell just 87 days into its term and shortly thereafter was appointed as Minister of Defence following the resignation of Benk Korthals taking office on 12 December 2002 . After the election of 2003 Kamp continued as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Balkenende II . The Cabinet Balkenende fell on 30 June 2006 was replaced with the caretaker Cabinet Balkenende III with Kamp retaining his position . After the election of 2006 Kamp returned to the House of Representatives on 30 November 2006 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Kingdom Relations . In",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "December 2008 Kamp was nominated as the first Governor of the Caribbean Netherlands serving from 1 January 2009 until 10 October 2010 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "After the election of 2010 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte I taking office 14 October 2010 . The Cabinet Rutte I fell 18 months into its term and shortly thereafter announced that he would not stand for the election of 2012 but accept to serve in a new cabinet position . After the election Kamp was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Rutte II taking office on 5 November 2012 . In February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement and that he wouldnt stand for the election of 2017",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "and declined to serve in new cabinet .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": " Kamp retired from active politics at 65 and became active in the private and public sectors as a corporate and non-profit director and serves on several and councils on behalf of the government , and works as a trade association executive serving as Chairman of the Healthcare Providers association since January 2018 and became a Member of the Social and Economic Council for the Industry and Employers confederation ( VNO-NCW ) in February 2018 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": " Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Kamp was born on 23 July 1952 in Hengelo in the Netherlands Province of Overijssel in a Roman Catholic family . He left the Roman Catholic faith years later and became a Humanist . After completing his HAVO diploma he worked at two wholesalers in Enschede , Borculo and Tilburg until 1977 . From 1977 to 1980 he attended the auditors training at the Tax Training in Utrecht . He worked as an investigator for the Fiscal Intelligence and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) until 1986 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "From 1976 to 1994 he was a member of the municipal council in Borculo . From 1986 he was in also alderman in Borculo . From 1987 to 1994 he was a member of the Provincial Council of Gelderland . He became a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 . On 22 July 2002 , Kamp became Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment . He was Minister of Defence from December 12 , 2002 till 22 February 2007 . After early elections were held as a result of parliamentary agreements following the formation",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "of the minority cabinet Balkenende III . As part of his farewell tour as Minister of Defence , Henk Kamp visited the Dutch troops in Afghanistan and paid his respects to president Hamid Karzai . President Karzai awarded Henk Kamp the High State Medal of Ghazi Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Kamp left the House of Representatives on 1 January 2009 to head the transformation of Bonaire , Saba and St . Eustatius to special municipalities within the Netherlands .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "On 13 September 2012 , the day after the parliamentary elections , Kamp was asked to prepare for the formation of a new cabinet and had exploratory conversations with several parties . Already on that very day the Parliamentary leaders in the House of Representatives met with the President of the House of Representatives Gerdi Verbeet . His opinion after the talks was to start a formation on a coalition with the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Labour Party with himself and former Leader of the Labour Party Wouter Bos as informateurs . The formation resulted in",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "the forming of the Cabinet Rutte II and Kamp became Minister of Economic Affairs and took office on 5 November 2012 . After the resignation of Minister of Security and Justice Ivo Opstelten on 10 March 2015 , Kamp became the senior member of the Council of Ministers and the third highest-ranking member after Prime Minister Mark Rutte and Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Early February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement from national politics as of the 2017 elections .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " - Official - H.G.J . ( Henk ) Kamp Parlement & Politiek",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Henk_Kamp#P39#2
|
What position did Henk Kamp take in Dec 2007?
|
Henk Kamp Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Henk Kamp ( ; born 23 July 1952 ) is a retired Dutch politician of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) and nonprofit director . Kamp studied Customs at the Civil Service Academy in Utrecht . Kamp worked as a tax collector for the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) of the Tax and Customs Administration from April 1980 until May 1994 . After the election of 1994 Kamp was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Integration . After the election of 2002 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment in the Cabinet Balkenende I taking office on 22 July 2002 . The Cabinet Balkenende I fell just 87 days into its term and shortly thereafter was appointed as Minister of Defence following the resignation of Benk Korthals taking office on 12 December 2002 . After the election of 2003 Kamp continued as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Balkenende II . The Cabinet Balkenende fell on 30 June 2006 was replaced with the caretaker Cabinet Balkenende III with Kamp retaining his position . After the election of 2006 Kamp returned to the House of Representatives on 30 November 2006 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Kingdom Relations . In December 2008 Kamp was nominated as the first Governor of the Caribbean Netherlands serving from 1 January 2009 until 10 October 2010 . After the election of 2010 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte I taking office 14 October 2010 . The Cabinet Rutte I fell 18 months into its term and shortly thereafter announced that he would not stand for the election of 2012 but accept to serve in a new cabinet position . After the election Kamp was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Rutte II taking office on 5 November 2012 . In February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement and that he wouldnt stand for the election of 2017 and declined to serve in new cabinet . Kamp retired from active politics at 65 and became active in the private and public sectors as a corporate and non-profit director and serves on several and councils on behalf of the government , and works as a trade association executive serving as Chairman of the Healthcare Providers association since January 2018 and became a Member of the Social and Economic Council for the Industry and Employers confederation ( VNO-NCW ) in February 2018 . Early life . Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Kamp was born on 23 July 1952 in Hengelo in the Netherlands Province of Overijssel in a Roman Catholic family . He left the Roman Catholic faith years later and became a Humanist . After completing his HAVO diploma he worked at two wholesalers in Enschede , Borculo and Tilburg until 1977 . From 1977 to 1980 he attended the auditors training at the Tax Training in Utrecht . He worked as an investigator for the Fiscal Intelligence and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) until 1986 . Politics . From 1976 to 1994 he was a member of the municipal council in Borculo . From 1986 he was in also alderman in Borculo . From 1987 to 1994 he was a member of the Provincial Council of Gelderland . He became a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 . On 22 July 2002 , Kamp became Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment . He was Minister of Defence from December 12 , 2002 till 22 February 2007 . After early elections were held as a result of parliamentary agreements following the formation of the minority cabinet Balkenende III . As part of his farewell tour as Minister of Defence , Henk Kamp visited the Dutch troops in Afghanistan and paid his respects to president Hamid Karzai . President Karzai awarded Henk Kamp the High State Medal of Ghazi Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan . Kamp left the House of Representatives on 1 January 2009 to head the transformation of Bonaire , Saba and St . Eustatius to special municipalities within the Netherlands . On 13 September 2012 , the day after the parliamentary elections , Kamp was asked to prepare for the formation of a new cabinet and had exploratory conversations with several parties . Already on that very day the Parliamentary leaders in the House of Representatives met with the President of the House of Representatives Gerdi Verbeet . His opinion after the talks was to start a formation on a coalition with the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Labour Party with himself and former Leader of the Labour Party Wouter Bos as informateurs . The formation resulted in the forming of the Cabinet Rutte II and Kamp became Minister of Economic Affairs and took office on 5 November 2012 . After the resignation of Minister of Security and Justice Ivo Opstelten on 10 March 2015 , Kamp became the senior member of the Council of Ministers and the third highest-ranking member after Prime Minister Mark Rutte and Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher . Early February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement from national politics as of the 2017 elections . External links . - Official - H.G.J . ( Henk ) Kamp Parlement & Politiek
|
[
"Minister of Defence"
] |
[
{
"text": " Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Henk Kamp ( ; born 23 July 1952 ) is a retired Dutch politician of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) and nonprofit director .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "Kamp studied Customs at the Civil Service Academy in Utrecht . Kamp worked as a tax collector for the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) of the Tax and Customs Administration from April 1980 until May 1994 . After the election of 1994 Kamp was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Integration . After the election of 2002 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment in the Cabinet Balkenende I taking office on 22 July 2002 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "The Cabinet Balkenende I fell just 87 days into its term and shortly thereafter was appointed as Minister of Defence following the resignation of Benk Korthals taking office on 12 December 2002 . After the election of 2003 Kamp continued as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Balkenende II . The Cabinet Balkenende fell on 30 June 2006 was replaced with the caretaker Cabinet Balkenende III with Kamp retaining his position . After the election of 2006 Kamp returned to the House of Representatives on 30 November 2006 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Kingdom Relations . In",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "December 2008 Kamp was nominated as the first Governor of the Caribbean Netherlands serving from 1 January 2009 until 10 October 2010 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "After the election of 2010 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte I taking office 14 October 2010 . The Cabinet Rutte I fell 18 months into its term and shortly thereafter announced that he would not stand for the election of 2012 but accept to serve in a new cabinet position . After the election Kamp was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Rutte II taking office on 5 November 2012 . In February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement and that he wouldnt stand for the election of 2017",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "and declined to serve in new cabinet .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": " Kamp retired from active politics at 65 and became active in the private and public sectors as a corporate and non-profit director and serves on several and councils on behalf of the government , and works as a trade association executive serving as Chairman of the Healthcare Providers association since January 2018 and became a Member of the Social and Economic Council for the Industry and Employers confederation ( VNO-NCW ) in February 2018 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": " Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Kamp was born on 23 July 1952 in Hengelo in the Netherlands Province of Overijssel in a Roman Catholic family . He left the Roman Catholic faith years later and became a Humanist . After completing his HAVO diploma he worked at two wholesalers in Enschede , Borculo and Tilburg until 1977 . From 1977 to 1980 he attended the auditors training at the Tax Training in Utrecht . He worked as an investigator for the Fiscal Intelligence and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) until 1986 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "From 1976 to 1994 he was a member of the municipal council in Borculo . From 1986 he was in also alderman in Borculo . From 1987 to 1994 he was a member of the Provincial Council of Gelderland . He became a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 . On 22 July 2002 , Kamp became Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment . He was Minister of Defence from December 12 , 2002 till 22 February 2007 . After early elections were held as a result of parliamentary agreements following the formation",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "of the minority cabinet Balkenende III . As part of his farewell tour as Minister of Defence , Henk Kamp visited the Dutch troops in Afghanistan and paid his respects to president Hamid Karzai . President Karzai awarded Henk Kamp the High State Medal of Ghazi Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Kamp left the House of Representatives on 1 January 2009 to head the transformation of Bonaire , Saba and St . Eustatius to special municipalities within the Netherlands .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "On 13 September 2012 , the day after the parliamentary elections , Kamp was asked to prepare for the formation of a new cabinet and had exploratory conversations with several parties . Already on that very day the Parliamentary leaders in the House of Representatives met with the President of the House of Representatives Gerdi Verbeet . His opinion after the talks was to start a formation on a coalition with the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Labour Party with himself and former Leader of the Labour Party Wouter Bos as informateurs . The formation resulted in",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "the forming of the Cabinet Rutte II and Kamp became Minister of Economic Affairs and took office on 5 November 2012 . After the resignation of Minister of Security and Justice Ivo Opstelten on 10 March 2015 , Kamp became the senior member of the Council of Ministers and the third highest-ranking member after Prime Minister Mark Rutte and Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Early February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement from national politics as of the 2017 elections .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " - Official - H.G.J . ( Henk ) Kamp Parlement & Politiek",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Henk_Kamp#P39#3
|
What position did Henk Kamp take between May 2014 and Dec 2015?
|
Henk Kamp Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Henk Kamp ( ; born 23 July 1952 ) is a retired Dutch politician of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) and nonprofit director . Kamp studied Customs at the Civil Service Academy in Utrecht . Kamp worked as a tax collector for the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) of the Tax and Customs Administration from April 1980 until May 1994 . After the election of 1994 Kamp was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Integration . After the election of 2002 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment in the Cabinet Balkenende I taking office on 22 July 2002 . The Cabinet Balkenende I fell just 87 days into its term and shortly thereafter was appointed as Minister of Defence following the resignation of Benk Korthals taking office on 12 December 2002 . After the election of 2003 Kamp continued as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Balkenende II . The Cabinet Balkenende fell on 30 June 2006 was replaced with the caretaker Cabinet Balkenende III with Kamp retaining his position . After the election of 2006 Kamp returned to the House of Representatives on 30 November 2006 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Kingdom Relations . In December 2008 Kamp was nominated as the first Governor of the Caribbean Netherlands serving from 1 January 2009 until 10 October 2010 . After the election of 2010 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte I taking office 14 October 2010 . The Cabinet Rutte I fell 18 months into its term and shortly thereafter announced that he would not stand for the election of 2012 but accept to serve in a new cabinet position . After the election Kamp was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Rutte II taking office on 5 November 2012 . In February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement and that he wouldnt stand for the election of 2017 and declined to serve in new cabinet . Kamp retired from active politics at 65 and became active in the private and public sectors as a corporate and non-profit director and serves on several and councils on behalf of the government , and works as a trade association executive serving as Chairman of the Healthcare Providers association since January 2018 and became a Member of the Social and Economic Council for the Industry and Employers confederation ( VNO-NCW ) in February 2018 . Early life . Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Kamp was born on 23 July 1952 in Hengelo in the Netherlands Province of Overijssel in a Roman Catholic family . He left the Roman Catholic faith years later and became a Humanist . After completing his HAVO diploma he worked at two wholesalers in Enschede , Borculo and Tilburg until 1977 . From 1977 to 1980 he attended the auditors training at the Tax Training in Utrecht . He worked as an investigator for the Fiscal Intelligence and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) until 1986 . Politics . From 1976 to 1994 he was a member of the municipal council in Borculo . From 1986 he was in also alderman in Borculo . From 1987 to 1994 he was a member of the Provincial Council of Gelderland . He became a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 . On 22 July 2002 , Kamp became Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment . He was Minister of Defence from December 12 , 2002 till 22 February 2007 . After early elections were held as a result of parliamentary agreements following the formation of the minority cabinet Balkenende III . As part of his farewell tour as Minister of Defence , Henk Kamp visited the Dutch troops in Afghanistan and paid his respects to president Hamid Karzai . President Karzai awarded Henk Kamp the High State Medal of Ghazi Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan . Kamp left the House of Representatives on 1 January 2009 to head the transformation of Bonaire , Saba and St . Eustatius to special municipalities within the Netherlands . On 13 September 2012 , the day after the parliamentary elections , Kamp was asked to prepare for the formation of a new cabinet and had exploratory conversations with several parties . Already on that very day the Parliamentary leaders in the House of Representatives met with the President of the House of Representatives Gerdi Verbeet . His opinion after the talks was to start a formation on a coalition with the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Labour Party with himself and former Leader of the Labour Party Wouter Bos as informateurs . The formation resulted in the forming of the Cabinet Rutte II and Kamp became Minister of Economic Affairs and took office on 5 November 2012 . After the resignation of Minister of Security and Justice Ivo Opstelten on 10 March 2015 , Kamp became the senior member of the Council of Ministers and the third highest-ranking member after Prime Minister Mark Rutte and Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher . Early February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement from national politics as of the 2017 elections . External links . - Official - H.G.J . ( Henk ) Kamp Parlement & Politiek
|
[
"Minister of Economic Affairs"
] |
[
{
"text": " Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Henk Kamp ( ; born 23 July 1952 ) is a retired Dutch politician of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) and nonprofit director .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "Kamp studied Customs at the Civil Service Academy in Utrecht . Kamp worked as a tax collector for the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) of the Tax and Customs Administration from April 1980 until May 1994 . After the election of 1994 Kamp was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Integration . After the election of 2002 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment in the Cabinet Balkenende I taking office on 22 July 2002 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "The Cabinet Balkenende I fell just 87 days into its term and shortly thereafter was appointed as Minister of Defence following the resignation of Benk Korthals taking office on 12 December 2002 . After the election of 2003 Kamp continued as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Balkenende II . The Cabinet Balkenende fell on 30 June 2006 was replaced with the caretaker Cabinet Balkenende III with Kamp retaining his position . After the election of 2006 Kamp returned to the House of Representatives on 30 November 2006 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Kingdom Relations . In",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "December 2008 Kamp was nominated as the first Governor of the Caribbean Netherlands serving from 1 January 2009 until 10 October 2010 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "After the election of 2010 Kamp was appointed as Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte I taking office 14 October 2010 . The Cabinet Rutte I fell 18 months into its term and shortly thereafter announced that he would not stand for the election of 2012 but accept to serve in a new cabinet position . After the election Kamp was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Rutte II taking office on 5 November 2012 . In February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement and that he wouldnt stand for the election of 2017",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": "and declined to serve in new cabinet .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": " Kamp retired from active politics at 65 and became active in the private and public sectors as a corporate and non-profit director and serves on several and councils on behalf of the government , and works as a trade association executive serving as Chairman of the Healthcare Providers association since January 2018 and became a Member of the Social and Economic Council for the Industry and Employers confederation ( VNO-NCW ) in February 2018 .",
"title": "Henk Kamp"
},
{
"text": " Henricus Gregorius Jozeph Kamp was born on 23 July 1952 in Hengelo in the Netherlands Province of Overijssel in a Roman Catholic family . He left the Roman Catholic faith years later and became a Humanist . After completing his HAVO diploma he worked at two wholesalers in Enschede , Borculo and Tilburg until 1977 . From 1977 to 1980 he attended the auditors training at the Tax Training in Utrecht . He worked as an investigator for the Fiscal Intelligence and Investigation Service ( FIOD ) until 1986 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "From 1976 to 1994 he was a member of the municipal council in Borculo . From 1986 he was in also alderman in Borculo . From 1987 to 1994 he was a member of the Provincial Council of Gelderland . He became a Member of the House of Representatives on 17 May 1994 . On 22 July 2002 , Kamp became Minister of Housing , Spatial Planning and the Environment . He was Minister of Defence from December 12 , 2002 till 22 February 2007 . After early elections were held as a result of parliamentary agreements following the formation",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "of the minority cabinet Balkenende III . As part of his farewell tour as Minister of Defence , Henk Kamp visited the Dutch troops in Afghanistan and paid his respects to president Hamid Karzai . President Karzai awarded Henk Kamp the High State Medal of Ghazi Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Kamp left the House of Representatives on 1 January 2009 to head the transformation of Bonaire , Saba and St . Eustatius to special municipalities within the Netherlands .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "On 13 September 2012 , the day after the parliamentary elections , Kamp was asked to prepare for the formation of a new cabinet and had exploratory conversations with several parties . Already on that very day the Parliamentary leaders in the House of Representatives met with the President of the House of Representatives Gerdi Verbeet . His opinion after the talks was to start a formation on a coalition with the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Labour Party with himself and former Leader of the Labour Party Wouter Bos as informateurs . The formation resulted in",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": "the forming of the Cabinet Rutte II and Kamp became Minister of Economic Affairs and took office on 5 November 2012 . After the resignation of Minister of Security and Justice Ivo Opstelten on 10 March 2015 , Kamp became the senior member of the Council of Ministers and the third highest-ranking member after Prime Minister Mark Rutte and Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " Early February 2016 Kamp announced his retirement from national politics as of the 2017 elections .",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"text": " - Official - H.G.J . ( Henk ) Kamp Parlement & Politiek",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Meg_Whitman#P69#0
|
Where was Meg Whitman educated between Dec 1972 and Dec 1972?
|
Meg Whitman Margaret Cushing Whitman ( born August 4 , 1956 ) is an American business executive and former political candidate . She is a board member of Procter & Gamble and General Motors . Whitman was previously president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise . She was also the CEO of Quibi before its closure in October 2020 . Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010 , but supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020 . Whitman was an executive in The Walt Disney Company , where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s . In the 1990s , she was an executive for DreamWorks , Procter & Gamble , and Hasbro . Whitman was president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008 . During Whitmans 10 years with the company , she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue , to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . In 2014 , Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the World . In 2008 , Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States . She ran for Governor of California in 2010 . She won the Republican primary . The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010 , she spent the second most of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history , spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total , including money from donors , a record surpassed only by Michael Bloomberg in the 2020 presidential election . Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41% . Early life and education . Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , the daughter of Margaret Cushing ( née Goodhue ) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman , Jr . Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather , Elnathan Whitman , was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . Through her father , Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S . Senator Charles B . Farwell , of Illinois . On her mothers side , she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of General Henry S . Huidekoper . Her paternal grandmother , born Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor , was the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and his wife , Rose Farwell Chatfield-Taylor , and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor . Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , graduating after three years in 1974 . In her memoirs , she says she was in the top 10 of her class . She wanted to be a doctor , so she studied math and science at Princeton University . However , after spending a summer selling advertisements for the magazine Business Today , she changed over to the study of economics . She graduated with an A.B . in economics with honors from Princeton University in 1977 after completing an 83-page-long senior thesis titled The Marketing of American Consumer Products in Western Europe . Whitman then obtained an M.B.A . from Harvard Business School in 1979 . Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV , Chair of Neurosurgery at the University of California , Davis , previously at Stanford University Medical Center . They have two sons . She has lived in Atherton , California , since March 1998 . Whitman College , a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University , was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation . Career . Early work . Whitman began her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati , Ohio . Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company . She rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president . Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989 . Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation , before becoming president and CEO of Florists Transworld Delivery in 1995 . As Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager , starting in January 1997 , she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands , Playskool and Mr . Potato Head . She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U.S . eBay . Whitman joined eBay in March 1998 , when it had 30 employees and revenues of approximately $4 million . During her time as CEO , through 2008 , the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . Originally , when Whitman had joined eBay , she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font . On her first day , the site crashed for eight hours . She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team . Whitman organized the company by splitting it into twenty-three business categories . She then assigned executives to each , including some 35,000 subcategories . In 2002 , soon after its initial public offering , PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay valued at $1.5 billion . In 2004 , Whitman made several key changes in her management team . Jeff Jordan took over PayPal , Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S . operations , which has the colorful U.S . logo , while each international site has unique branding . Whitman picked John J . Donahoe for eBay in March 2005 as president of eBay Marketplaces , responsible for all elements of eBays global ecommerce businesses . During Whitmans tenure as CEO , eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005 . eBay later admitted that it had overpaid and , in 2009 , eBay sold Skype to a group of investors led by Silver Lake Partners at a valuation of $2.75B . In 2011 , after the first papers were filed for a possible IPO , Microsoft purchased Skype for US$8.5B . In June 2007 , while preparing for an interview with Reuters , Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate , communications employee Young Mi Kim . Of the incident , Whitman related , In any high-pressure working environment , tensions can surface . Kim also stated , Yes , we had an unfortunate incident , but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay . The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement . Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007 , but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008 . She was inducted into the U.S . Business Hall of Fame in 2008 . Ive said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours , she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle , adding that its time for new leadership , a new perspective and a new vision . Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay . On more than one occasion , she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine . Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade . Hewlett-Packard . In January 2011 , Whitman joined Hewlett-Packards ( HP ) board of directors . She was named CEO on September 22 , 2011 . As well as renewing focus on HPs Research & Development division , Whitmans major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding . In 2012 , Whitman announced that HP would write down $8.8 billion of the value of Autonomy , the British software company it had purchased the previous year . The announcement eventually led to a civil case in the UK in 2019 at which Whitman testified to having not carried out proper calculations of the write-down . In May 2013 , Bloomberg L.P . named Whitman Most Underachieving CEO along with Apples CEO Tim Cook ( ranked 12th ) and IBMs Virginia Rometty ( ranked 10th ) -- whose stocks have all turned in the worst numbers relative to the broader market since the beginning of each CEOs tenure . HPs stock led the list by underperforming by 30.7 percentage points since Whitman took the job . On July 26 , 2017 , Whitman stepped down as chair of HP Inc.s board of directors , while remaining as CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE ) . Whitman fought off further rumours around her position at HPE , where she was quoted by The New York Times So let me make this as clear as I can . I am fully committed to HPE and plan to remain the companys C.E.O . We have a lot of work still to do at HPE and I am not going anywhere On November 21 , 2017 it was announced Whitman was stepping down as the CEO of HPE , effective February 1 , 2018 , with HPE president Antonio Neri taking over as CEO . Quibi . Whitman was CEO of Quibi , a short-form media content app designed for smartphones . In September 2020 , just 5 months after its launch , Quibi was considering sale or acquisition with a valuation of $500 million , despite its $1.75 billion initial investment , having failed to meet subscriber targets . Coverage and analysis has blamed this failure on the concept itself , and failures of leadership from Meg Whitman due to her lack of “experience in the industry of the company she is running.” The failure of the app was predicted by many in the Silicon Valley tech ecosystem , with one critic , Rob Enderle listing this as the most recent in Whitmans “repetitive failures” due to her “inability to take responsibility for mistakes , an inability to support subordinates , a focus on shifting blame , and a lack of subject matter expertise.” Boards . Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation , Summit Public Schools , Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG , until early 2009 . She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002 , amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs , although she denied any wrongdoing . ( see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail ) . In March 2011 , she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins . She has also joined the boards of Zipcar and Teach For America , and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble . Whitman has also been a member of the board at Survey Monkey . Sports investments . IGC . In 2018 , Meg Whitman invested in and joined the board of the eSports organization Immortals Gaming Club . FC Cincinnati . In November 2019 , Meg Whitman purchased a minority stake in FC Cincinnati . Whitman will serve as the clubs Alternate Governor on the MLS Board of Governors . Philanthropy . Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21 , 2006 , by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million . By the end of its first year of operation , the Griffith R . Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes . Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund . In 2010 , Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donating half of their money to charity , and Whitman declined . In 2011 , the foundation donated $2.5 million to Summit Public Schools , which operates several charter schools in the San Jose area . As of 2020 , Meg Whitman is the national board chair of Teach for America . Political career . Presidential endorsements and fundraising . Whitman was a supporter of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2008 and was on his national finance team . She was also listed as finance co-chair of Romneys exploratory committee . After Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed John McCain , Whitman joined McCains presidential campaign as a national co-chair . McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008 , but lost the election to Barack Obama . During the 2012 Republican primaries , Whitman endorsed Mitt Romney , who praised her . Whitmans name was mentioned as a possible cabinet member in a Romney administration before he lost to Obama . During the 2016 Republican primaries , Whitman was finance co-chair of Chris Christies presidential campaign . After Christie withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed Donald Trump , Whitman criticized it as an astonishing display of political opportunism and called on other Christie donors to reject Trump , whom she compared to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . In August , Whitman endorsed Democrat Hillary Clintons presidential campaign , stating that to vote for Trump out of party loyalty alone would be to endorse a candidacy that I believe has exploited anger , grievance , xenophobia and racial division . Acknowledging policy differences with Clinton , Whitman nonetheless praised her temperament , global experience and commitment to Americas bedrock national values . She called on all Republicans to put country first before party and added that she would support the campaign financially . Whitman spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention in support of the partys presidential nominee Joe Biden . 2010 gubernatorial campaign . On February 10 , 2009 , Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election . Her campaign was largely self-funded . She ultimately lost to Jerry Brown . According to final reports , Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds . As of 2010 , this was more than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S . history . In June 2010 , Whitman released a political ad , A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure , which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website , making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the websites namesake fails . Ben Huh , founder of the Cheezburger Network , of which failblog.org is a part , demanded an apology and the removal of the video , stating that the image was faked , and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or party . On November 2 , 2010 , at 11:35 pm , Whitman conceded the election to her opponent , Jerry Brown , stating Weve come up a little short . Voting record . In 2010 , The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years , after reviewing her voting records in California . Whitman has described her voting record as inexcusable , apologized for it , and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter . Whitman answered questions about her record in September , replying , And I think the reason for many years , I wasnt as engaged in the political process and should have been . Housekeeper controversy . In September 2010 , Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000 to 2009 despite her status as an illegal worker . Whitmans campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a drivers license , social security ID , and application . Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented , producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name . Whitman initially stated that they never received those letters , however , after a hand-written note on the document was shown , believed to be from Whitmans husband , they acknowledged they may have received it , but forgot . Santillans attorney , Gloria Allred , states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign . Whitmans campaign maintains that this is a political attack , stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter . Brown , Allred and Santillan all deny this . Crystal Williams , Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [ Whitman ] to do , but theres a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents . Others disagree ; Immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer , and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not , nor did they have a social security number on them ; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman hired her , paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years , so should have known her legal status . The Los Angeles Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman treated Santillan like a piece of garbage when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney , and Whitman allegedly stated you dont know me and I dont know you . Ties to Goldman Sachs . Goldman Sachs , whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign , manages a part of Whitmans fortune . As CEO of eBay , Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank . Whitman later resigned from the Goldman Sachs board after some expressed concern over her receiving shares from Goldman Sachs . In commenting on Whitmans resignation from the Goldman Sachs board , eBay spokesman Henry Gomez told The Wall Street Journal at the time that , If we wanted to use Goldmans services , she doesnt want there to be even the slightest perception of any conflict . Shes doing this because she thinks quite highly of the firm . While Whitman was on Goldman Sachs board , she served on the compensation committee , which approved multimillion-dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides . Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multimillion-dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs . Given Goldman Sachs major investments in California state finances , all these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign . In response , Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest , and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman Sachs stock and put her Goldman Sachs-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor . Political positions . While running for governor , Whitman emphasized three major areas : job creation , reduced state government spending , and reform of the states K-12 educational system . She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them , instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them . Environment . Whitman said that if elected , on her first day she would have suspended AB 32 , the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , for a year to study its potential economic implications . AB 32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020 . At the state Republican Convention in March 2010 , Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggers climate change bill as a job-killer . Whitman opposed Proposition 23 , which would delay the global warming law AB 32 until Californias unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a year , stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment . On water issues , Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley , and she suggested that President Obama should overturn a federal judges ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7% . Illegal immigration . Whitman said that Arizonas approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem . She said that , if she had lived in California in 1994 , she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants . In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign , Whitman wrote , Clearly , when examining our positions on immigration , there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree . She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education . Currently , California state law permits this . In 2009 , Whitman called for a path to legalization of illegal immigrants . In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA , Whitman said , I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers . Marriage , abortion and marijuana . During the 2010 California gubernatorial election , Whitman supported Californias Proposition 8 , which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state . Whitman also criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system . However , on February 26 , 2013 , Whitman confirmed that she had reversed that opinion . Whitman stated , At the time , I believed the people of California had weighed in on this question and that overturning the will of the people was the wrong approach , and The facts and arguments presented during the legal process since then have had a profound impact on my thinking . Whitman also believes that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children . Whitman supports abortion rights . Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that this is the worst idea [ she has ] ever seen . Infrastructure . Whitman does not support the California High-Speed Rail project . In a 2010 letter to the Sacramento Bee Whitmans spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said , Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis . Her opponent Jerry Brown was in favor of the project . Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and political action committees ( PAC ) . While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats , the donations are weighted to Republicans . Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats , including Senator Barbara Boxer ; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the Friends of Boxer committee in 2004 , she donated more than $225,000 during the same period to Republicans , eBays PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority , the PAC of former Representative Tom DeLay . Awards . In 2017 , Whitman was the Commencement speaker for Carnegie Mellon University and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree .
|
[
"Cold Spring Harbor High School"
] |
[
{
"text": " Margaret Cushing Whitman ( born August 4 , 1956 ) is an American business executive and former political candidate . She is a board member of Procter & Gamble and General Motors . Whitman was previously president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise . She was also the CEO of Quibi before its closure in October 2020 . Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010 , but supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020 .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Whitman was an executive in The Walt Disney Company , where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s . In the 1990s , she was an executive for DreamWorks , Procter & Gamble , and Hasbro . Whitman was president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008 . During Whitmans 10 years with the company , she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue , to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . In 2014 , Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Powerful Women in the World .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States . She ran for Governor of California in 2010 . She won the Republican primary . The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010 , she spent the second most of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history , spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total , including money from",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "donors , a record surpassed only by Michael Bloomberg in the 2020 presidential election . Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41% .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , the daughter of Margaret Cushing ( née Goodhue ) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman , Jr . Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather , Elnathan Whitman , was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . Through her father , Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S . Senator Charles B . Farwell , of Illinois . On her mothers side , she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of General Henry S . Huidekoper . Her paternal grandmother , born Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor , was",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and his wife , Rose Farwell Chatfield-Taylor , and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , graduating after three years in 1974 . In her memoirs , she says she was in the top 10 of her class . She wanted to be a doctor , so she studied math and science at Princeton University . However , after spending a summer selling advertisements for the magazine Business Today , she changed over to the study of economics . She graduated with an A.B . in economics with honors from Princeton University in 1977 after completing an 83-page-long senior thesis titled",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "The Marketing of American Consumer Products in Western Europe . Whitman then obtained an M.B.A . from Harvard Business School in 1979 .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": " Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV , Chair of Neurosurgery at the University of California , Davis , previously at Stanford University Medical Center . They have two sons . She has lived in Atherton , California , since March 1998 . Whitman College , a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University , was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": " Whitman began her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati , Ohio . Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company . She rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president . Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989 . Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation , before becoming president and CEO of Florists Transworld Delivery in 1995 .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "As Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager , starting in January 1997 , she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands , Playskool and Mr . Potato Head . She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U.S .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "Whitman joined eBay in March 1998 , when it had 30 employees and revenues of approximately $4 million . During her time as CEO , through 2008 , the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . Originally , when Whitman had joined eBay , she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font . On her first day , the site crashed for eight hours . She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team . Whitman organized the company by splitting it",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "into twenty-three business categories . She then assigned executives to each , including some 35,000 subcategories . In 2002 , soon after its initial public offering , PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay valued at $1.5 billion . In 2004 , Whitman made several key changes in her management team . Jeff Jordan took over PayPal , Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S . operations , which has the colorful U.S . logo , while each international site has unique branding .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " Whitman picked John J . Donahoe for eBay in March 2005 as president of eBay Marketplaces , responsible for all elements of eBays global ecommerce businesses .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "During Whitmans tenure as CEO , eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005 . eBay later admitted that it had overpaid and , in 2009 , eBay sold Skype to a group of investors led by Silver Lake Partners at a valuation of $2.75B . In 2011 , after the first papers were filed for a possible IPO , Microsoft purchased Skype for US$8.5B .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " In June 2007 , while preparing for an interview with Reuters , Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate , communications employee Young Mi Kim . Of the incident , Whitman related , In any high-pressure working environment , tensions can surface . Kim also stated , Yes , we had an unfortunate incident , but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay . The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007 , but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008 . She was inducted into the U.S . Business Hall of Fame in 2008 . Ive said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours , she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle , adding that its time for new leadership , a new perspective and a new vision .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay . On more than one occasion , she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine . Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " In January 2011 , Whitman joined Hewlett-Packards ( HP ) board of directors . She was named CEO on September 22 , 2011 . As well as renewing focus on HPs Research & Development division , Whitmans major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 , Whitman announced that HP would write down $8.8 billion of the value of Autonomy , the British software company it had purchased the previous year . The announcement eventually led to a civil case in the UK in 2019 at which Whitman testified to having not carried out proper calculations of the write-down .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": " In May 2013 , Bloomberg L.P . named Whitman Most Underachieving CEO along with Apples CEO Tim Cook ( ranked 12th ) and IBMs Virginia Rometty ( ranked 10th ) -- whose stocks have all turned in the worst numbers relative to the broader market since the beginning of each CEOs tenure . HPs stock led the list by underperforming by 30.7 percentage points since Whitman took the job .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": "On July 26 , 2017 , Whitman stepped down as chair of HP Inc.s board of directors , while remaining as CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE ) . Whitman fought off further rumours around her position at HPE , where she was quoted by The New York Times So let me make this as clear as I can . I am fully committed to HPE and plan to remain the companys C.E.O . We have a lot of work still to do at HPE and I am not going anywhere",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": " On November 21 , 2017 it was announced Whitman was stepping down as the CEO of HPE , effective February 1 , 2018 , with HPE president Antonio Neri taking over as CEO .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": "Whitman was CEO of Quibi , a short-form media content app designed for smartphones . In September 2020 , just 5 months after its launch , Quibi was considering sale or acquisition with a valuation of $500 million , despite its $1.75 billion initial investment , having failed to meet subscriber targets . Coverage and analysis has blamed this failure on the concept itself , and failures of leadership from Meg Whitman due to her lack of “experience in the industry of the company she is running.” The failure of the app was predicted by many in the Silicon Valley",
"title": "Quibi"
},
{
"text": "tech ecosystem , with one critic , Rob Enderle listing this as the most recent in Whitmans “repetitive failures” due to her “inability to take responsibility for mistakes , an inability to support subordinates , a focus on shifting blame , and a lack of subject matter expertise.”",
"title": "Quibi"
},
{
"text": " Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation , Summit Public Schools , Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG , until early 2009 . She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002 , amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs , although she denied any wrongdoing . ( see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail ) . In March 2011 , she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins .",
"title": "Boards"
},
{
"text": "She has also joined the boards of Zipcar and Teach For America , and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble . Whitman has also been a member of the board at Survey Monkey .",
"title": "Boards"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Meg Whitman invested in and joined the board of the eSports organization Immortals Gaming Club .",
"title": "IGC"
},
{
"text": " In November 2019 , Meg Whitman purchased a minority stake in FC Cincinnati . Whitman will serve as the clubs Alternate Governor on the MLS Board of Governors .",
"title": "FC Cincinnati"
},
{
"text": " Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21 , 2006 , by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million . By the end of its first year of operation , the Griffith R . Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes . Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donating half of their money to charity , and Whitman declined . In 2011 , the foundation donated $2.5 million to Summit Public Schools , which operates several charter schools in the San Jose area .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " As of 2020 , Meg Whitman is the national board chair of Teach for America .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " Presidential endorsements and fundraising . Whitman was a supporter of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2008 and was on his national finance team . She was also listed as finance co-chair of Romneys exploratory committee . After Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed John McCain , Whitman joined McCains presidential campaign as a national co-chair . McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008 , but lost the election to Barack Obama .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2012 Republican primaries , Whitman endorsed Mitt Romney , who praised her . Whitmans name was mentioned as a possible cabinet member in a Romney administration before he lost to Obama .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016 Republican primaries , Whitman was finance co-chair of Chris Christies presidential campaign . After Christie withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed Donald Trump , Whitman criticized it as an astonishing display of political opportunism and called on other Christie donors to reject Trump , whom she compared to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . In August , Whitman endorsed Democrat Hillary Clintons presidential campaign , stating that to vote for Trump out of party loyalty alone would be to endorse a candidacy that I believe has exploited anger , grievance , xenophobia and racial division .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Acknowledging policy differences with Clinton , Whitman nonetheless praised her temperament , global experience and commitment to Americas bedrock national values . She called on all Republicans to put country first before party and added that she would support the campaign financially .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Whitman spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention in support of the partys presidential nominee Joe Biden . 2010 gubernatorial campaign . On February 10 , 2009 , Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election . Her campaign was largely self-funded . She ultimately lost to Jerry Brown . According to final reports , Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds . As of 2010 , this was more than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S . history .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In June 2010 , Whitman released a political ad , A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure , which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website , making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the websites namesake fails . Ben Huh , founder of the Cheezburger Network , of which failblog.org is a part , demanded an apology and the removal of the video , stating that the image was faked , and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "party .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " On November 2 , 2010 , at 11:35 pm , Whitman conceded the election to her opponent , Jerry Brown , stating Weve come up a little short .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years , after reviewing her voting records in California . Whitman has described her voting record as inexcusable , apologized for it , and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter . Whitman answered questions about her record in September , replying , And I think the reason for many years , I wasnt as engaged in the political process and should have been .",
"title": "Voting record"
},
{
"text": "In September 2010 , Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000 to 2009 despite her status as an illegal worker . Whitmans campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a drivers license , social security ID , and application . Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented , producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name . Whitman initially stated that they never received those letters , however , after",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "a hand-written note on the document was shown , believed to be from Whitmans husband , they acknowledged they may have received it , but forgot . Santillans attorney , Gloria Allred , states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign . Whitmans campaign maintains that this is a political attack , stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter . Brown , Allred and Santillan all deny this . Crystal Williams , Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [ Whitman ] to do ,",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "but theres a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents . Others disagree ; Immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer , and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not , nor did they have a social security number on them ; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman hired her , paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years , so should have known her legal status . The Los Angeles Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "treated Santillan like a piece of garbage when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney , and Whitman allegedly stated you dont know me and I dont know you .",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "Goldman Sachs , whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign , manages a part of Whitmans fortune . As CEO of eBay , Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank . Whitman later resigned from the Goldman Sachs board after some expressed concern over her receiving shares from Goldman Sachs . In commenting on Whitmans resignation from the Goldman Sachs board , eBay spokesman Henry Gomez told The Wall",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "Street Journal at the time that , If we wanted to use Goldmans services , she doesnt want there to be even the slightest perception of any conflict . Shes doing this because she thinks quite highly of the firm . While Whitman was on Goldman Sachs board , she served on the compensation committee , which approved multimillion-dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides . Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multimillion-dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs . Given Goldman Sachs major investments in California state finances , all",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign . In response , Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest , and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman Sachs stock and put her Goldman Sachs-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor .",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": " While running for governor , Whitman emphasized three major areas : job creation , reduced state government spending , and reform of the states K-12 educational system . She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them , instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "Whitman said that if elected , on her first day she would have suspended AB 32 , the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , for a year to study its potential economic implications . AB 32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020 . At the state Republican Convention in March 2010 , Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggers climate change bill as a job-killer . Whitman opposed Proposition 23 , which would delay the global warming law AB 32 until Californias unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a",
"title": "Environment"
},
{
"text": "year , stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment .",
"title": "Environment"
},
{
"text": " On water issues , Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley , and she suggested that President Obama should overturn a federal judges ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7% .",
"title": "Environment"
},
{
"text": " Whitman said that Arizonas approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem . She said that , if she had lived in California in 1994 , she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants . In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign , Whitman wrote , Clearly , when examining our positions on immigration , there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": "She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education . Currently , California state law permits this . In 2009 , Whitman called for a path to legalization of illegal immigrants . In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA , Whitman said , I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": "During the 2010 California gubernatorial election , Whitman supported Californias Proposition 8 , which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state . Whitman also criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system . However , on February 26 , 2013 , Whitman confirmed that she had reversed that opinion . Whitman stated , At the time , I believed the people of California had weighed in on this question and that overturning the will of the",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": "people was the wrong approach , and The facts and arguments presented during the legal process since then have had a profound impact on my thinking . Whitman also believes that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children . Whitman supports abortion rights .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": " Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that this is the worst idea [ she has ] ever seen .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": " Whitman does not support the California High-Speed Rail project . In a 2010 letter to the Sacramento Bee Whitmans spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said , Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis . Her opponent Jerry Brown was in favor of the project .",
"title": "Infrastructure"
},
{
"text": "Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and political action committees ( PAC ) . While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats , the donations are weighted to Republicans . Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats , including Senator Barbara Boxer ; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the Friends of Boxer committee in 2004 , she donated more than $225,000 during the same period to Republicans , eBays PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority , the PAC of former Representative Tom DeLay .",
"title": "Infrastructure"
},
{
"text": " In 2017 , Whitman was the Commencement speaker for Carnegie Mellon University and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Meg_Whitman#P69#1
|
Where was Meg Whitman educated between Jan 1974 and May 1974?
|
Meg Whitman Margaret Cushing Whitman ( born August 4 , 1956 ) is an American business executive and former political candidate . She is a board member of Procter & Gamble and General Motors . Whitman was previously president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise . She was also the CEO of Quibi before its closure in October 2020 . Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010 , but supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020 . Whitman was an executive in The Walt Disney Company , where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s . In the 1990s , she was an executive for DreamWorks , Procter & Gamble , and Hasbro . Whitman was president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008 . During Whitmans 10 years with the company , she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue , to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . In 2014 , Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the World . In 2008 , Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States . She ran for Governor of California in 2010 . She won the Republican primary . The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010 , she spent the second most of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history , spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total , including money from donors , a record surpassed only by Michael Bloomberg in the 2020 presidential election . Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41% . Early life and education . Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , the daughter of Margaret Cushing ( née Goodhue ) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman , Jr . Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather , Elnathan Whitman , was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . Through her father , Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S . Senator Charles B . Farwell , of Illinois . On her mothers side , she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of General Henry S . Huidekoper . Her paternal grandmother , born Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor , was the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and his wife , Rose Farwell Chatfield-Taylor , and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor . Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , graduating after three years in 1974 . In her memoirs , she says she was in the top 10 of her class . She wanted to be a doctor , so she studied math and science at Princeton University . However , after spending a summer selling advertisements for the magazine Business Today , she changed over to the study of economics . She graduated with an A.B . in economics with honors from Princeton University in 1977 after completing an 83-page-long senior thesis titled The Marketing of American Consumer Products in Western Europe . Whitman then obtained an M.B.A . from Harvard Business School in 1979 . Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV , Chair of Neurosurgery at the University of California , Davis , previously at Stanford University Medical Center . They have two sons . She has lived in Atherton , California , since March 1998 . Whitman College , a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University , was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation . Career . Early work . Whitman began her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati , Ohio . Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company . She rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president . Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989 . Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation , before becoming president and CEO of Florists Transworld Delivery in 1995 . As Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager , starting in January 1997 , she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands , Playskool and Mr . Potato Head . She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U.S . eBay . Whitman joined eBay in March 1998 , when it had 30 employees and revenues of approximately $4 million . During her time as CEO , through 2008 , the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . Originally , when Whitman had joined eBay , she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font . On her first day , the site crashed for eight hours . She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team . Whitman organized the company by splitting it into twenty-three business categories . She then assigned executives to each , including some 35,000 subcategories . In 2002 , soon after its initial public offering , PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay valued at $1.5 billion . In 2004 , Whitman made several key changes in her management team . Jeff Jordan took over PayPal , Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S . operations , which has the colorful U.S . logo , while each international site has unique branding . Whitman picked John J . Donahoe for eBay in March 2005 as president of eBay Marketplaces , responsible for all elements of eBays global ecommerce businesses . During Whitmans tenure as CEO , eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005 . eBay later admitted that it had overpaid and , in 2009 , eBay sold Skype to a group of investors led by Silver Lake Partners at a valuation of $2.75B . In 2011 , after the first papers were filed for a possible IPO , Microsoft purchased Skype for US$8.5B . In June 2007 , while preparing for an interview with Reuters , Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate , communications employee Young Mi Kim . Of the incident , Whitman related , In any high-pressure working environment , tensions can surface . Kim also stated , Yes , we had an unfortunate incident , but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay . The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement . Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007 , but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008 . She was inducted into the U.S . Business Hall of Fame in 2008 . Ive said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours , she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle , adding that its time for new leadership , a new perspective and a new vision . Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay . On more than one occasion , she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine . Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade . Hewlett-Packard . In January 2011 , Whitman joined Hewlett-Packards ( HP ) board of directors . She was named CEO on September 22 , 2011 . As well as renewing focus on HPs Research & Development division , Whitmans major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding . In 2012 , Whitman announced that HP would write down $8.8 billion of the value of Autonomy , the British software company it had purchased the previous year . The announcement eventually led to a civil case in the UK in 2019 at which Whitman testified to having not carried out proper calculations of the write-down . In May 2013 , Bloomberg L.P . named Whitman Most Underachieving CEO along with Apples CEO Tim Cook ( ranked 12th ) and IBMs Virginia Rometty ( ranked 10th ) -- whose stocks have all turned in the worst numbers relative to the broader market since the beginning of each CEOs tenure . HPs stock led the list by underperforming by 30.7 percentage points since Whitman took the job . On July 26 , 2017 , Whitman stepped down as chair of HP Inc.s board of directors , while remaining as CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE ) . Whitman fought off further rumours around her position at HPE , where she was quoted by The New York Times So let me make this as clear as I can . I am fully committed to HPE and plan to remain the companys C.E.O . We have a lot of work still to do at HPE and I am not going anywhere On November 21 , 2017 it was announced Whitman was stepping down as the CEO of HPE , effective February 1 , 2018 , with HPE president Antonio Neri taking over as CEO . Quibi . Whitman was CEO of Quibi , a short-form media content app designed for smartphones . In September 2020 , just 5 months after its launch , Quibi was considering sale or acquisition with a valuation of $500 million , despite its $1.75 billion initial investment , having failed to meet subscriber targets . Coverage and analysis has blamed this failure on the concept itself , and failures of leadership from Meg Whitman due to her lack of “experience in the industry of the company she is running.” The failure of the app was predicted by many in the Silicon Valley tech ecosystem , with one critic , Rob Enderle listing this as the most recent in Whitmans “repetitive failures” due to her “inability to take responsibility for mistakes , an inability to support subordinates , a focus on shifting blame , and a lack of subject matter expertise.” Boards . Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation , Summit Public Schools , Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG , until early 2009 . She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002 , amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs , although she denied any wrongdoing . ( see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail ) . In March 2011 , she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins . She has also joined the boards of Zipcar and Teach For America , and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble . Whitman has also been a member of the board at Survey Monkey . Sports investments . IGC . In 2018 , Meg Whitman invested in and joined the board of the eSports organization Immortals Gaming Club . FC Cincinnati . In November 2019 , Meg Whitman purchased a minority stake in FC Cincinnati . Whitman will serve as the clubs Alternate Governor on the MLS Board of Governors . Philanthropy . Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21 , 2006 , by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million . By the end of its first year of operation , the Griffith R . Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes . Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund . In 2010 , Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donating half of their money to charity , and Whitman declined . In 2011 , the foundation donated $2.5 million to Summit Public Schools , which operates several charter schools in the San Jose area . As of 2020 , Meg Whitman is the national board chair of Teach for America . Political career . Presidential endorsements and fundraising . Whitman was a supporter of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2008 and was on his national finance team . She was also listed as finance co-chair of Romneys exploratory committee . After Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed John McCain , Whitman joined McCains presidential campaign as a national co-chair . McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008 , but lost the election to Barack Obama . During the 2012 Republican primaries , Whitman endorsed Mitt Romney , who praised her . Whitmans name was mentioned as a possible cabinet member in a Romney administration before he lost to Obama . During the 2016 Republican primaries , Whitman was finance co-chair of Chris Christies presidential campaign . After Christie withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed Donald Trump , Whitman criticized it as an astonishing display of political opportunism and called on other Christie donors to reject Trump , whom she compared to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . In August , Whitman endorsed Democrat Hillary Clintons presidential campaign , stating that to vote for Trump out of party loyalty alone would be to endorse a candidacy that I believe has exploited anger , grievance , xenophobia and racial division . Acknowledging policy differences with Clinton , Whitman nonetheless praised her temperament , global experience and commitment to Americas bedrock national values . She called on all Republicans to put country first before party and added that she would support the campaign financially . Whitman spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention in support of the partys presidential nominee Joe Biden . 2010 gubernatorial campaign . On February 10 , 2009 , Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election . Her campaign was largely self-funded . She ultimately lost to Jerry Brown . According to final reports , Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds . As of 2010 , this was more than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S . history . In June 2010 , Whitman released a political ad , A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure , which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website , making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the websites namesake fails . Ben Huh , founder of the Cheezburger Network , of which failblog.org is a part , demanded an apology and the removal of the video , stating that the image was faked , and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or party . On November 2 , 2010 , at 11:35 pm , Whitman conceded the election to her opponent , Jerry Brown , stating Weve come up a little short . Voting record . In 2010 , The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years , after reviewing her voting records in California . Whitman has described her voting record as inexcusable , apologized for it , and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter . Whitman answered questions about her record in September , replying , And I think the reason for many years , I wasnt as engaged in the political process and should have been . Housekeeper controversy . In September 2010 , Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000 to 2009 despite her status as an illegal worker . Whitmans campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a drivers license , social security ID , and application . Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented , producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name . Whitman initially stated that they never received those letters , however , after a hand-written note on the document was shown , believed to be from Whitmans husband , they acknowledged they may have received it , but forgot . Santillans attorney , Gloria Allred , states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign . Whitmans campaign maintains that this is a political attack , stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter . Brown , Allred and Santillan all deny this . Crystal Williams , Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [ Whitman ] to do , but theres a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents . Others disagree ; Immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer , and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not , nor did they have a social security number on them ; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman hired her , paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years , so should have known her legal status . The Los Angeles Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman treated Santillan like a piece of garbage when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney , and Whitman allegedly stated you dont know me and I dont know you . Ties to Goldman Sachs . Goldman Sachs , whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign , manages a part of Whitmans fortune . As CEO of eBay , Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank . Whitman later resigned from the Goldman Sachs board after some expressed concern over her receiving shares from Goldman Sachs . In commenting on Whitmans resignation from the Goldman Sachs board , eBay spokesman Henry Gomez told The Wall Street Journal at the time that , If we wanted to use Goldmans services , she doesnt want there to be even the slightest perception of any conflict . Shes doing this because she thinks quite highly of the firm . While Whitman was on Goldman Sachs board , she served on the compensation committee , which approved multimillion-dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides . Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multimillion-dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs . Given Goldman Sachs major investments in California state finances , all these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign . In response , Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest , and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman Sachs stock and put her Goldman Sachs-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor . Political positions . While running for governor , Whitman emphasized three major areas : job creation , reduced state government spending , and reform of the states K-12 educational system . She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them , instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them . Environment . Whitman said that if elected , on her first day she would have suspended AB 32 , the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , for a year to study its potential economic implications . AB 32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020 . At the state Republican Convention in March 2010 , Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggers climate change bill as a job-killer . Whitman opposed Proposition 23 , which would delay the global warming law AB 32 until Californias unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a year , stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment . On water issues , Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley , and she suggested that President Obama should overturn a federal judges ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7% . Illegal immigration . Whitman said that Arizonas approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem . She said that , if she had lived in California in 1994 , she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants . In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign , Whitman wrote , Clearly , when examining our positions on immigration , there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree . She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education . Currently , California state law permits this . In 2009 , Whitman called for a path to legalization of illegal immigrants . In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA , Whitman said , I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers . Marriage , abortion and marijuana . During the 2010 California gubernatorial election , Whitman supported Californias Proposition 8 , which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state . Whitman also criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system . However , on February 26 , 2013 , Whitman confirmed that she had reversed that opinion . Whitman stated , At the time , I believed the people of California had weighed in on this question and that overturning the will of the people was the wrong approach , and The facts and arguments presented during the legal process since then have had a profound impact on my thinking . Whitman also believes that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children . Whitman supports abortion rights . Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that this is the worst idea [ she has ] ever seen . Infrastructure . Whitman does not support the California High-Speed Rail project . In a 2010 letter to the Sacramento Bee Whitmans spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said , Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis . Her opponent Jerry Brown was in favor of the project . Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and political action committees ( PAC ) . While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats , the donations are weighted to Republicans . Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats , including Senator Barbara Boxer ; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the Friends of Boxer committee in 2004 , she donated more than $225,000 during the same period to Republicans , eBays PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority , the PAC of former Representative Tom DeLay . Awards . In 2017 , Whitman was the Commencement speaker for Carnegie Mellon University and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree .
|
[
"Princeton University"
] |
[
{
"text": " Margaret Cushing Whitman ( born August 4 , 1956 ) is an American business executive and former political candidate . She is a board member of Procter & Gamble and General Motors . Whitman was previously president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise . She was also the CEO of Quibi before its closure in October 2020 . Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010 , but supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020 .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Whitman was an executive in The Walt Disney Company , where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s . In the 1990s , she was an executive for DreamWorks , Procter & Gamble , and Hasbro . Whitman was president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008 . During Whitmans 10 years with the company , she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue , to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . In 2014 , Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Powerful Women in the World .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States . She ran for Governor of California in 2010 . She won the Republican primary . The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010 , she spent the second most of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history , spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total , including money from",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "donors , a record surpassed only by Michael Bloomberg in the 2020 presidential election . Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41% .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , the daughter of Margaret Cushing ( née Goodhue ) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman , Jr . Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather , Elnathan Whitman , was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . Through her father , Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S . Senator Charles B . Farwell , of Illinois . On her mothers side , she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of General Henry S . Huidekoper . Her paternal grandmother , born Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor , was",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and his wife , Rose Farwell Chatfield-Taylor , and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , graduating after three years in 1974 . In her memoirs , she says she was in the top 10 of her class . She wanted to be a doctor , so she studied math and science at Princeton University . However , after spending a summer selling advertisements for the magazine Business Today , she changed over to the study of economics . She graduated with an A.B . in economics with honors from Princeton University in 1977 after completing an 83-page-long senior thesis titled",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "The Marketing of American Consumer Products in Western Europe . Whitman then obtained an M.B.A . from Harvard Business School in 1979 .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": " Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV , Chair of Neurosurgery at the University of California , Davis , previously at Stanford University Medical Center . They have two sons . She has lived in Atherton , California , since March 1998 . Whitman College , a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University , was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": " Whitman began her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati , Ohio . Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company . She rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president . Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989 . Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation , before becoming president and CEO of Florists Transworld Delivery in 1995 .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "As Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager , starting in January 1997 , she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands , Playskool and Mr . Potato Head . She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U.S .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "Whitman joined eBay in March 1998 , when it had 30 employees and revenues of approximately $4 million . During her time as CEO , through 2008 , the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . Originally , when Whitman had joined eBay , she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font . On her first day , the site crashed for eight hours . She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team . Whitman organized the company by splitting it",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "into twenty-three business categories . She then assigned executives to each , including some 35,000 subcategories . In 2002 , soon after its initial public offering , PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay valued at $1.5 billion . In 2004 , Whitman made several key changes in her management team . Jeff Jordan took over PayPal , Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S . operations , which has the colorful U.S . logo , while each international site has unique branding .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " Whitman picked John J . Donahoe for eBay in March 2005 as president of eBay Marketplaces , responsible for all elements of eBays global ecommerce businesses .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "During Whitmans tenure as CEO , eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005 . eBay later admitted that it had overpaid and , in 2009 , eBay sold Skype to a group of investors led by Silver Lake Partners at a valuation of $2.75B . In 2011 , after the first papers were filed for a possible IPO , Microsoft purchased Skype for US$8.5B .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " In June 2007 , while preparing for an interview with Reuters , Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate , communications employee Young Mi Kim . Of the incident , Whitman related , In any high-pressure working environment , tensions can surface . Kim also stated , Yes , we had an unfortunate incident , but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay . The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007 , but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008 . She was inducted into the U.S . Business Hall of Fame in 2008 . Ive said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours , she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle , adding that its time for new leadership , a new perspective and a new vision .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay . On more than one occasion , she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine . Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " In January 2011 , Whitman joined Hewlett-Packards ( HP ) board of directors . She was named CEO on September 22 , 2011 . As well as renewing focus on HPs Research & Development division , Whitmans major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 , Whitman announced that HP would write down $8.8 billion of the value of Autonomy , the British software company it had purchased the previous year . The announcement eventually led to a civil case in the UK in 2019 at which Whitman testified to having not carried out proper calculations of the write-down .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": " In May 2013 , Bloomberg L.P . named Whitman Most Underachieving CEO along with Apples CEO Tim Cook ( ranked 12th ) and IBMs Virginia Rometty ( ranked 10th ) -- whose stocks have all turned in the worst numbers relative to the broader market since the beginning of each CEOs tenure . HPs stock led the list by underperforming by 30.7 percentage points since Whitman took the job .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": "On July 26 , 2017 , Whitman stepped down as chair of HP Inc.s board of directors , while remaining as CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE ) . Whitman fought off further rumours around her position at HPE , where she was quoted by The New York Times So let me make this as clear as I can . I am fully committed to HPE and plan to remain the companys C.E.O . We have a lot of work still to do at HPE and I am not going anywhere",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": " On November 21 , 2017 it was announced Whitman was stepping down as the CEO of HPE , effective February 1 , 2018 , with HPE president Antonio Neri taking over as CEO .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": "Whitman was CEO of Quibi , a short-form media content app designed for smartphones . In September 2020 , just 5 months after its launch , Quibi was considering sale or acquisition with a valuation of $500 million , despite its $1.75 billion initial investment , having failed to meet subscriber targets . Coverage and analysis has blamed this failure on the concept itself , and failures of leadership from Meg Whitman due to her lack of “experience in the industry of the company she is running.” The failure of the app was predicted by many in the Silicon Valley",
"title": "Quibi"
},
{
"text": "tech ecosystem , with one critic , Rob Enderle listing this as the most recent in Whitmans “repetitive failures” due to her “inability to take responsibility for mistakes , an inability to support subordinates , a focus on shifting blame , and a lack of subject matter expertise.”",
"title": "Quibi"
},
{
"text": " Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation , Summit Public Schools , Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG , until early 2009 . She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002 , amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs , although she denied any wrongdoing . ( see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail ) . In March 2011 , she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins .",
"title": "Boards"
},
{
"text": "She has also joined the boards of Zipcar and Teach For America , and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble . Whitman has also been a member of the board at Survey Monkey .",
"title": "Boards"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Meg Whitman invested in and joined the board of the eSports organization Immortals Gaming Club .",
"title": "IGC"
},
{
"text": " In November 2019 , Meg Whitman purchased a minority stake in FC Cincinnati . Whitman will serve as the clubs Alternate Governor on the MLS Board of Governors .",
"title": "FC Cincinnati"
},
{
"text": " Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21 , 2006 , by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million . By the end of its first year of operation , the Griffith R . Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes . Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donating half of their money to charity , and Whitman declined . In 2011 , the foundation donated $2.5 million to Summit Public Schools , which operates several charter schools in the San Jose area .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " As of 2020 , Meg Whitman is the national board chair of Teach for America .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " Presidential endorsements and fundraising . Whitman was a supporter of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2008 and was on his national finance team . She was also listed as finance co-chair of Romneys exploratory committee . After Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed John McCain , Whitman joined McCains presidential campaign as a national co-chair . McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008 , but lost the election to Barack Obama .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2012 Republican primaries , Whitman endorsed Mitt Romney , who praised her . Whitmans name was mentioned as a possible cabinet member in a Romney administration before he lost to Obama .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016 Republican primaries , Whitman was finance co-chair of Chris Christies presidential campaign . After Christie withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed Donald Trump , Whitman criticized it as an astonishing display of political opportunism and called on other Christie donors to reject Trump , whom she compared to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . In August , Whitman endorsed Democrat Hillary Clintons presidential campaign , stating that to vote for Trump out of party loyalty alone would be to endorse a candidacy that I believe has exploited anger , grievance , xenophobia and racial division .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Acknowledging policy differences with Clinton , Whitman nonetheless praised her temperament , global experience and commitment to Americas bedrock national values . She called on all Republicans to put country first before party and added that she would support the campaign financially .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Whitman spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention in support of the partys presidential nominee Joe Biden . 2010 gubernatorial campaign . On February 10 , 2009 , Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election . Her campaign was largely self-funded . She ultimately lost to Jerry Brown . According to final reports , Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds . As of 2010 , this was more than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S . history .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In June 2010 , Whitman released a political ad , A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure , which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website , making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the websites namesake fails . Ben Huh , founder of the Cheezburger Network , of which failblog.org is a part , demanded an apology and the removal of the video , stating that the image was faked , and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "party .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " On November 2 , 2010 , at 11:35 pm , Whitman conceded the election to her opponent , Jerry Brown , stating Weve come up a little short .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years , after reviewing her voting records in California . Whitman has described her voting record as inexcusable , apologized for it , and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter . Whitman answered questions about her record in September , replying , And I think the reason for many years , I wasnt as engaged in the political process and should have been .",
"title": "Voting record"
},
{
"text": "In September 2010 , Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000 to 2009 despite her status as an illegal worker . Whitmans campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a drivers license , social security ID , and application . Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented , producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name . Whitman initially stated that they never received those letters , however , after",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "a hand-written note on the document was shown , believed to be from Whitmans husband , they acknowledged they may have received it , but forgot . Santillans attorney , Gloria Allred , states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign . Whitmans campaign maintains that this is a political attack , stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter . Brown , Allred and Santillan all deny this . Crystal Williams , Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [ Whitman ] to do ,",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "but theres a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents . Others disagree ; Immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer , and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not , nor did they have a social security number on them ; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman hired her , paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years , so should have known her legal status . The Los Angeles Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "treated Santillan like a piece of garbage when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney , and Whitman allegedly stated you dont know me and I dont know you .",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "Goldman Sachs , whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign , manages a part of Whitmans fortune . As CEO of eBay , Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank . Whitman later resigned from the Goldman Sachs board after some expressed concern over her receiving shares from Goldman Sachs . In commenting on Whitmans resignation from the Goldman Sachs board , eBay spokesman Henry Gomez told The Wall",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "Street Journal at the time that , If we wanted to use Goldmans services , she doesnt want there to be even the slightest perception of any conflict . Shes doing this because she thinks quite highly of the firm . While Whitman was on Goldman Sachs board , she served on the compensation committee , which approved multimillion-dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides . Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multimillion-dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs . Given Goldman Sachs major investments in California state finances , all",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign . In response , Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest , and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman Sachs stock and put her Goldman Sachs-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor .",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": " While running for governor , Whitman emphasized three major areas : job creation , reduced state government spending , and reform of the states K-12 educational system . She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them , instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "Whitman said that if elected , on her first day she would have suspended AB 32 , the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , for a year to study its potential economic implications . AB 32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020 . At the state Republican Convention in March 2010 , Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggers climate change bill as a job-killer . Whitman opposed Proposition 23 , which would delay the global warming law AB 32 until Californias unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a",
"title": "Environment"
},
{
"text": "year , stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment .",
"title": "Environment"
},
{
"text": " On water issues , Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley , and she suggested that President Obama should overturn a federal judges ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7% .",
"title": "Environment"
},
{
"text": " Whitman said that Arizonas approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem . She said that , if she had lived in California in 1994 , she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants . In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign , Whitman wrote , Clearly , when examining our positions on immigration , there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": "She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education . Currently , California state law permits this . In 2009 , Whitman called for a path to legalization of illegal immigrants . In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA , Whitman said , I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": "During the 2010 California gubernatorial election , Whitman supported Californias Proposition 8 , which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state . Whitman also criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system . However , on February 26 , 2013 , Whitman confirmed that she had reversed that opinion . Whitman stated , At the time , I believed the people of California had weighed in on this question and that overturning the will of the",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": "people was the wrong approach , and The facts and arguments presented during the legal process since then have had a profound impact on my thinking . Whitman also believes that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children . Whitman supports abortion rights .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": " Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that this is the worst idea [ she has ] ever seen .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": " Whitman does not support the California High-Speed Rail project . In a 2010 letter to the Sacramento Bee Whitmans spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said , Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis . Her opponent Jerry Brown was in favor of the project .",
"title": "Infrastructure"
},
{
"text": "Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and political action committees ( PAC ) . While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats , the donations are weighted to Republicans . Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats , including Senator Barbara Boxer ; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the Friends of Boxer committee in 2004 , she donated more than $225,000 during the same period to Republicans , eBays PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority , the PAC of former Representative Tom DeLay .",
"title": "Infrastructure"
},
{
"text": " In 2017 , Whitman was the Commencement speaker for Carnegie Mellon University and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Meg_Whitman#P69#2
|
Where was Meg Whitman educated in Aug 1977?
|
Meg Whitman Margaret Cushing Whitman ( born August 4 , 1956 ) is an American business executive and former political candidate . She is a board member of Procter & Gamble and General Motors . Whitman was previously president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise . She was also the CEO of Quibi before its closure in October 2020 . Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010 , but supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020 . Whitman was an executive in The Walt Disney Company , where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s . In the 1990s , she was an executive for DreamWorks , Procter & Gamble , and Hasbro . Whitman was president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008 . During Whitmans 10 years with the company , she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue , to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . In 2014 , Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the World . In 2008 , Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States . She ran for Governor of California in 2010 . She won the Republican primary . The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010 , she spent the second most of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history , spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total , including money from donors , a record surpassed only by Michael Bloomberg in the 2020 presidential election . Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41% . Early life and education . Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , the daughter of Margaret Cushing ( née Goodhue ) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman , Jr . Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather , Elnathan Whitman , was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . Through her father , Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S . Senator Charles B . Farwell , of Illinois . On her mothers side , she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of General Henry S . Huidekoper . Her paternal grandmother , born Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor , was the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and his wife , Rose Farwell Chatfield-Taylor , and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor . Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , graduating after three years in 1974 . In her memoirs , she says she was in the top 10 of her class . She wanted to be a doctor , so she studied math and science at Princeton University . However , after spending a summer selling advertisements for the magazine Business Today , she changed over to the study of economics . She graduated with an A.B . in economics with honors from Princeton University in 1977 after completing an 83-page-long senior thesis titled The Marketing of American Consumer Products in Western Europe . Whitman then obtained an M.B.A . from Harvard Business School in 1979 . Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV , Chair of Neurosurgery at the University of California , Davis , previously at Stanford University Medical Center . They have two sons . She has lived in Atherton , California , since March 1998 . Whitman College , a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University , was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation . Career . Early work . Whitman began her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati , Ohio . Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company . She rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president . Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989 . Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation , before becoming president and CEO of Florists Transworld Delivery in 1995 . As Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager , starting in January 1997 , she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands , Playskool and Mr . Potato Head . She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U.S . eBay . Whitman joined eBay in March 1998 , when it had 30 employees and revenues of approximately $4 million . During her time as CEO , through 2008 , the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . Originally , when Whitman had joined eBay , she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font . On her first day , the site crashed for eight hours . She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team . Whitman organized the company by splitting it into twenty-three business categories . She then assigned executives to each , including some 35,000 subcategories . In 2002 , soon after its initial public offering , PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay valued at $1.5 billion . In 2004 , Whitman made several key changes in her management team . Jeff Jordan took over PayPal , Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S . operations , which has the colorful U.S . logo , while each international site has unique branding . Whitman picked John J . Donahoe for eBay in March 2005 as president of eBay Marketplaces , responsible for all elements of eBays global ecommerce businesses . During Whitmans tenure as CEO , eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005 . eBay later admitted that it had overpaid and , in 2009 , eBay sold Skype to a group of investors led by Silver Lake Partners at a valuation of $2.75B . In 2011 , after the first papers were filed for a possible IPO , Microsoft purchased Skype for US$8.5B . In June 2007 , while preparing for an interview with Reuters , Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate , communications employee Young Mi Kim . Of the incident , Whitman related , In any high-pressure working environment , tensions can surface . Kim also stated , Yes , we had an unfortunate incident , but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay . The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement . Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007 , but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008 . She was inducted into the U.S . Business Hall of Fame in 2008 . Ive said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours , she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle , adding that its time for new leadership , a new perspective and a new vision . Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay . On more than one occasion , she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine . Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade . Hewlett-Packard . In January 2011 , Whitman joined Hewlett-Packards ( HP ) board of directors . She was named CEO on September 22 , 2011 . As well as renewing focus on HPs Research & Development division , Whitmans major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding . In 2012 , Whitman announced that HP would write down $8.8 billion of the value of Autonomy , the British software company it had purchased the previous year . The announcement eventually led to a civil case in the UK in 2019 at which Whitman testified to having not carried out proper calculations of the write-down . In May 2013 , Bloomberg L.P . named Whitman Most Underachieving CEO along with Apples CEO Tim Cook ( ranked 12th ) and IBMs Virginia Rometty ( ranked 10th ) -- whose stocks have all turned in the worst numbers relative to the broader market since the beginning of each CEOs tenure . HPs stock led the list by underperforming by 30.7 percentage points since Whitman took the job . On July 26 , 2017 , Whitman stepped down as chair of HP Inc.s board of directors , while remaining as CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE ) . Whitman fought off further rumours around her position at HPE , where she was quoted by The New York Times So let me make this as clear as I can . I am fully committed to HPE and plan to remain the companys C.E.O . We have a lot of work still to do at HPE and I am not going anywhere On November 21 , 2017 it was announced Whitman was stepping down as the CEO of HPE , effective February 1 , 2018 , with HPE president Antonio Neri taking over as CEO . Quibi . Whitman was CEO of Quibi , a short-form media content app designed for smartphones . In September 2020 , just 5 months after its launch , Quibi was considering sale or acquisition with a valuation of $500 million , despite its $1.75 billion initial investment , having failed to meet subscriber targets . Coverage and analysis has blamed this failure on the concept itself , and failures of leadership from Meg Whitman due to her lack of “experience in the industry of the company she is running.” The failure of the app was predicted by many in the Silicon Valley tech ecosystem , with one critic , Rob Enderle listing this as the most recent in Whitmans “repetitive failures” due to her “inability to take responsibility for mistakes , an inability to support subordinates , a focus on shifting blame , and a lack of subject matter expertise.” Boards . Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation , Summit Public Schools , Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG , until early 2009 . She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002 , amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs , although she denied any wrongdoing . ( see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail ) . In March 2011 , she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins . She has also joined the boards of Zipcar and Teach For America , and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble . Whitman has also been a member of the board at Survey Monkey . Sports investments . IGC . In 2018 , Meg Whitman invested in and joined the board of the eSports organization Immortals Gaming Club . FC Cincinnati . In November 2019 , Meg Whitman purchased a minority stake in FC Cincinnati . Whitman will serve as the clubs Alternate Governor on the MLS Board of Governors . Philanthropy . Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21 , 2006 , by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million . By the end of its first year of operation , the Griffith R . Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes . Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund . In 2010 , Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donating half of their money to charity , and Whitman declined . In 2011 , the foundation donated $2.5 million to Summit Public Schools , which operates several charter schools in the San Jose area . As of 2020 , Meg Whitman is the national board chair of Teach for America . Political career . Presidential endorsements and fundraising . Whitman was a supporter of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2008 and was on his national finance team . She was also listed as finance co-chair of Romneys exploratory committee . After Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed John McCain , Whitman joined McCains presidential campaign as a national co-chair . McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008 , but lost the election to Barack Obama . During the 2012 Republican primaries , Whitman endorsed Mitt Romney , who praised her . Whitmans name was mentioned as a possible cabinet member in a Romney administration before he lost to Obama . During the 2016 Republican primaries , Whitman was finance co-chair of Chris Christies presidential campaign . After Christie withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed Donald Trump , Whitman criticized it as an astonishing display of political opportunism and called on other Christie donors to reject Trump , whom she compared to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . In August , Whitman endorsed Democrat Hillary Clintons presidential campaign , stating that to vote for Trump out of party loyalty alone would be to endorse a candidacy that I believe has exploited anger , grievance , xenophobia and racial division . Acknowledging policy differences with Clinton , Whitman nonetheless praised her temperament , global experience and commitment to Americas bedrock national values . She called on all Republicans to put country first before party and added that she would support the campaign financially . Whitman spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention in support of the partys presidential nominee Joe Biden . 2010 gubernatorial campaign . On February 10 , 2009 , Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election . Her campaign was largely self-funded . She ultimately lost to Jerry Brown . According to final reports , Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds . As of 2010 , this was more than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S . history . In June 2010 , Whitman released a political ad , A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure , which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website , making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the websites namesake fails . Ben Huh , founder of the Cheezburger Network , of which failblog.org is a part , demanded an apology and the removal of the video , stating that the image was faked , and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or party . On November 2 , 2010 , at 11:35 pm , Whitman conceded the election to her opponent , Jerry Brown , stating Weve come up a little short . Voting record . In 2010 , The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years , after reviewing her voting records in California . Whitman has described her voting record as inexcusable , apologized for it , and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter . Whitman answered questions about her record in September , replying , And I think the reason for many years , I wasnt as engaged in the political process and should have been . Housekeeper controversy . In September 2010 , Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000 to 2009 despite her status as an illegal worker . Whitmans campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a drivers license , social security ID , and application . Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented , producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name . Whitman initially stated that they never received those letters , however , after a hand-written note on the document was shown , believed to be from Whitmans husband , they acknowledged they may have received it , but forgot . Santillans attorney , Gloria Allred , states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign . Whitmans campaign maintains that this is a political attack , stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter . Brown , Allred and Santillan all deny this . Crystal Williams , Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [ Whitman ] to do , but theres a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents . Others disagree ; Immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer , and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not , nor did they have a social security number on them ; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman hired her , paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years , so should have known her legal status . The Los Angeles Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman treated Santillan like a piece of garbage when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney , and Whitman allegedly stated you dont know me and I dont know you . Ties to Goldman Sachs . Goldman Sachs , whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign , manages a part of Whitmans fortune . As CEO of eBay , Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank . Whitman later resigned from the Goldman Sachs board after some expressed concern over her receiving shares from Goldman Sachs . In commenting on Whitmans resignation from the Goldman Sachs board , eBay spokesman Henry Gomez told The Wall Street Journal at the time that , If we wanted to use Goldmans services , she doesnt want there to be even the slightest perception of any conflict . Shes doing this because she thinks quite highly of the firm . While Whitman was on Goldman Sachs board , she served on the compensation committee , which approved multimillion-dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides . Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multimillion-dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs . Given Goldman Sachs major investments in California state finances , all these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign . In response , Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest , and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman Sachs stock and put her Goldman Sachs-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor . Political positions . While running for governor , Whitman emphasized three major areas : job creation , reduced state government spending , and reform of the states K-12 educational system . She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them , instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them . Environment . Whitman said that if elected , on her first day she would have suspended AB 32 , the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , for a year to study its potential economic implications . AB 32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020 . At the state Republican Convention in March 2010 , Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggers climate change bill as a job-killer . Whitman opposed Proposition 23 , which would delay the global warming law AB 32 until Californias unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a year , stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment . On water issues , Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley , and she suggested that President Obama should overturn a federal judges ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7% . Illegal immigration . Whitman said that Arizonas approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem . She said that , if she had lived in California in 1994 , she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants . In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign , Whitman wrote , Clearly , when examining our positions on immigration , there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree . She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education . Currently , California state law permits this . In 2009 , Whitman called for a path to legalization of illegal immigrants . In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA , Whitman said , I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers . Marriage , abortion and marijuana . During the 2010 California gubernatorial election , Whitman supported Californias Proposition 8 , which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state . Whitman also criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system . However , on February 26 , 2013 , Whitman confirmed that she had reversed that opinion . Whitman stated , At the time , I believed the people of California had weighed in on this question and that overturning the will of the people was the wrong approach , and The facts and arguments presented during the legal process since then have had a profound impact on my thinking . Whitman also believes that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children . Whitman supports abortion rights . Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that this is the worst idea [ she has ] ever seen . Infrastructure . Whitman does not support the California High-Speed Rail project . In a 2010 letter to the Sacramento Bee Whitmans spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said , Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis . Her opponent Jerry Brown was in favor of the project . Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and political action committees ( PAC ) . While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats , the donations are weighted to Republicans . Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats , including Senator Barbara Boxer ; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the Friends of Boxer committee in 2004 , she donated more than $225,000 during the same period to Republicans , eBays PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority , the PAC of former Representative Tom DeLay . Awards . In 2017 , Whitman was the Commencement speaker for Carnegie Mellon University and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree .
|
[
"Harvard Business School"
] |
[
{
"text": " Margaret Cushing Whitman ( born August 4 , 1956 ) is an American business executive and former political candidate . She is a board member of Procter & Gamble and General Motors . Whitman was previously president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise . She was also the CEO of Quibi before its closure in October 2020 . Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010 , but supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020 .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Whitman was an executive in The Walt Disney Company , where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s . In the 1990s , she was an executive for DreamWorks , Procter & Gamble , and Hasbro . Whitman was president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008 . During Whitmans 10 years with the company , she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue , to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . In 2014 , Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Powerful Women in the World .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States . She ran for Governor of California in 2010 . She won the Republican primary . The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010 , she spent the second most of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history , spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total , including money from",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "donors , a record surpassed only by Michael Bloomberg in the 2020 presidential election . Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41% .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , the daughter of Margaret Cushing ( née Goodhue ) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman , Jr . Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather , Elnathan Whitman , was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . Through her father , Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S . Senator Charles B . Farwell , of Illinois . On her mothers side , she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of General Henry S . Huidekoper . Her paternal grandmother , born Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor , was",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and his wife , Rose Farwell Chatfield-Taylor , and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , graduating after three years in 1974 . In her memoirs , she says she was in the top 10 of her class . She wanted to be a doctor , so she studied math and science at Princeton University . However , after spending a summer selling advertisements for the magazine Business Today , she changed over to the study of economics . She graduated with an A.B . in economics with honors from Princeton University in 1977 after completing an 83-page-long senior thesis titled",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": "The Marketing of American Consumer Products in Western Europe . Whitman then obtained an M.B.A . from Harvard Business School in 1979 .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": " Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV , Chair of Neurosurgery at the University of California , Davis , previously at Stanford University Medical Center . They have two sons . She has lived in Atherton , California , since March 1998 . Whitman College , a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University , was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation .",
"title": "Meg Whitman"
},
{
"text": " Whitman began her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati , Ohio . Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company . She rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president . Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989 . Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation , before becoming president and CEO of Florists Transworld Delivery in 1995 .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "As Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager , starting in January 1997 , she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands , Playskool and Mr . Potato Head . She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U.S .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "Whitman joined eBay in March 1998 , when it had 30 employees and revenues of approximately $4 million . During her time as CEO , through 2008 , the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . Originally , when Whitman had joined eBay , she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font . On her first day , the site crashed for eight hours . She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team . Whitman organized the company by splitting it",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "into twenty-three business categories . She then assigned executives to each , including some 35,000 subcategories . In 2002 , soon after its initial public offering , PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay valued at $1.5 billion . In 2004 , Whitman made several key changes in her management team . Jeff Jordan took over PayPal , Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S . operations , which has the colorful U.S . logo , while each international site has unique branding .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " Whitman picked John J . Donahoe for eBay in March 2005 as president of eBay Marketplaces , responsible for all elements of eBays global ecommerce businesses .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "During Whitmans tenure as CEO , eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005 . eBay later admitted that it had overpaid and , in 2009 , eBay sold Skype to a group of investors led by Silver Lake Partners at a valuation of $2.75B . In 2011 , after the first papers were filed for a possible IPO , Microsoft purchased Skype for US$8.5B .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " In June 2007 , while preparing for an interview with Reuters , Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate , communications employee Young Mi Kim . Of the incident , Whitman related , In any high-pressure working environment , tensions can surface . Kim also stated , Yes , we had an unfortunate incident , but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay . The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": "Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007 , but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008 . She was inducted into the U.S . Business Hall of Fame in 2008 . Ive said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours , she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle , adding that its time for new leadership , a new perspective and a new vision .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay . On more than one occasion , she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine . Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade .",
"title": "Early work"
},
{
"text": " In January 2011 , Whitman joined Hewlett-Packards ( HP ) board of directors . She was named CEO on September 22 , 2011 . As well as renewing focus on HPs Research & Development division , Whitmans major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 , Whitman announced that HP would write down $8.8 billion of the value of Autonomy , the British software company it had purchased the previous year . The announcement eventually led to a civil case in the UK in 2019 at which Whitman testified to having not carried out proper calculations of the write-down .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": " In May 2013 , Bloomberg L.P . named Whitman Most Underachieving CEO along with Apples CEO Tim Cook ( ranked 12th ) and IBMs Virginia Rometty ( ranked 10th ) -- whose stocks have all turned in the worst numbers relative to the broader market since the beginning of each CEOs tenure . HPs stock led the list by underperforming by 30.7 percentage points since Whitman took the job .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": "On July 26 , 2017 , Whitman stepped down as chair of HP Inc.s board of directors , while remaining as CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE ) . Whitman fought off further rumours around her position at HPE , where she was quoted by The New York Times So let me make this as clear as I can . I am fully committed to HPE and plan to remain the companys C.E.O . We have a lot of work still to do at HPE and I am not going anywhere",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": " On November 21 , 2017 it was announced Whitman was stepping down as the CEO of HPE , effective February 1 , 2018 , with HPE president Antonio Neri taking over as CEO .",
"title": "Hewlett-Packard"
},
{
"text": "Whitman was CEO of Quibi , a short-form media content app designed for smartphones . In September 2020 , just 5 months after its launch , Quibi was considering sale or acquisition with a valuation of $500 million , despite its $1.75 billion initial investment , having failed to meet subscriber targets . Coverage and analysis has blamed this failure on the concept itself , and failures of leadership from Meg Whitman due to her lack of “experience in the industry of the company she is running.” The failure of the app was predicted by many in the Silicon Valley",
"title": "Quibi"
},
{
"text": "tech ecosystem , with one critic , Rob Enderle listing this as the most recent in Whitmans “repetitive failures” due to her “inability to take responsibility for mistakes , an inability to support subordinates , a focus on shifting blame , and a lack of subject matter expertise.”",
"title": "Quibi"
},
{
"text": " Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation , Summit Public Schools , Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG , until early 2009 . She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002 , amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs , although she denied any wrongdoing . ( see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail ) . In March 2011 , she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins .",
"title": "Boards"
},
{
"text": "She has also joined the boards of Zipcar and Teach For America , and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble . Whitman has also been a member of the board at Survey Monkey .",
"title": "Boards"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Meg Whitman invested in and joined the board of the eSports organization Immortals Gaming Club .",
"title": "IGC"
},
{
"text": " In November 2019 , Meg Whitman purchased a minority stake in FC Cincinnati . Whitman will serve as the clubs Alternate Governor on the MLS Board of Governors .",
"title": "FC Cincinnati"
},
{
"text": " Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21 , 2006 , by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million . By the end of its first year of operation , the Griffith R . Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes . Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": "In 2010 , Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donating half of their money to charity , and Whitman declined . In 2011 , the foundation donated $2.5 million to Summit Public Schools , which operates several charter schools in the San Jose area .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " As of 2020 , Meg Whitman is the national board chair of Teach for America .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " Presidential endorsements and fundraising . Whitman was a supporter of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2008 and was on his national finance team . She was also listed as finance co-chair of Romneys exploratory committee . After Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed John McCain , Whitman joined McCains presidential campaign as a national co-chair . McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008 , but lost the election to Barack Obama .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2012 Republican primaries , Whitman endorsed Mitt Romney , who praised her . Whitmans name was mentioned as a possible cabinet member in a Romney administration before he lost to Obama .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the 2016 Republican primaries , Whitman was finance co-chair of Chris Christies presidential campaign . After Christie withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed Donald Trump , Whitman criticized it as an astonishing display of political opportunism and called on other Christie donors to reject Trump , whom she compared to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . In August , Whitman endorsed Democrat Hillary Clintons presidential campaign , stating that to vote for Trump out of party loyalty alone would be to endorse a candidacy that I believe has exploited anger , grievance , xenophobia and racial division .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Acknowledging policy differences with Clinton , Whitman nonetheless praised her temperament , global experience and commitment to Americas bedrock national values . She called on all Republicans to put country first before party and added that she would support the campaign financially .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Whitman spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention in support of the partys presidential nominee Joe Biden . 2010 gubernatorial campaign . On February 10 , 2009 , Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election . Her campaign was largely self-funded . She ultimately lost to Jerry Brown . According to final reports , Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds . As of 2010 , this was more than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S . history .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In June 2010 , Whitman released a political ad , A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure , which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website , making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the websites namesake fails . Ben Huh , founder of the Cheezburger Network , of which failblog.org is a part , demanded an apology and the removal of the video , stating that the image was faked , and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "party .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " On November 2 , 2010 , at 11:35 pm , Whitman conceded the election to her opponent , Jerry Brown , stating Weve come up a little short .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years , after reviewing her voting records in California . Whitman has described her voting record as inexcusable , apologized for it , and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter . Whitman answered questions about her record in September , replying , And I think the reason for many years , I wasnt as engaged in the political process and should have been .",
"title": "Voting record"
},
{
"text": "In September 2010 , Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000 to 2009 despite her status as an illegal worker . Whitmans campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a drivers license , social security ID , and application . Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented , producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name . Whitman initially stated that they never received those letters , however , after",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "a hand-written note on the document was shown , believed to be from Whitmans husband , they acknowledged they may have received it , but forgot . Santillans attorney , Gloria Allred , states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign . Whitmans campaign maintains that this is a political attack , stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter . Brown , Allred and Santillan all deny this . Crystal Williams , Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [ Whitman ] to do ,",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "but theres a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents . Others disagree ; Immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer , and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not , nor did they have a social security number on them ; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman hired her , paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years , so should have known her legal status . The Los Angeles Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "treated Santillan like a piece of garbage when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney , and Whitman allegedly stated you dont know me and I dont know you .",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "Goldman Sachs , whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign , manages a part of Whitmans fortune . As CEO of eBay , Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank . Whitman later resigned from the Goldman Sachs board after some expressed concern over her receiving shares from Goldman Sachs . In commenting on Whitmans resignation from the Goldman Sachs board , eBay spokesman Henry Gomez told The Wall",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "Street Journal at the time that , If we wanted to use Goldmans services , she doesnt want there to be even the slightest perception of any conflict . Shes doing this because she thinks quite highly of the firm . While Whitman was on Goldman Sachs board , she served on the compensation committee , which approved multimillion-dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides . Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multimillion-dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs . Given Goldman Sachs major investments in California state finances , all",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": "these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign . In response , Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest , and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman Sachs stock and put her Goldman Sachs-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor .",
"title": "Housekeeper controversy"
},
{
"text": " While running for governor , Whitman emphasized three major areas : job creation , reduced state government spending , and reform of the states K-12 educational system . She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them , instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "Whitman said that if elected , on her first day she would have suspended AB 32 , the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , for a year to study its potential economic implications . AB 32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020 . At the state Republican Convention in March 2010 , Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggers climate change bill as a job-killer . Whitman opposed Proposition 23 , which would delay the global warming law AB 32 until Californias unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a",
"title": "Environment"
},
{
"text": "year , stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment .",
"title": "Environment"
},
{
"text": " On water issues , Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley , and she suggested that President Obama should overturn a federal judges ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7% .",
"title": "Environment"
},
{
"text": " Whitman said that Arizonas approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem . She said that , if she had lived in California in 1994 , she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants . In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign , Whitman wrote , Clearly , when examining our positions on immigration , there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": "She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education . Currently , California state law permits this . In 2009 , Whitman called for a path to legalization of illegal immigrants . In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA , Whitman said , I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": "During the 2010 California gubernatorial election , Whitman supported Californias Proposition 8 , which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state . Whitman also criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system . However , on February 26 , 2013 , Whitman confirmed that she had reversed that opinion . Whitman stated , At the time , I believed the people of California had weighed in on this question and that overturning the will of the",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": "people was the wrong approach , and The facts and arguments presented during the legal process since then have had a profound impact on my thinking . Whitman also believes that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children . Whitman supports abortion rights .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": " Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that this is the worst idea [ she has ] ever seen .",
"title": "Illegal immigration"
},
{
"text": " Whitman does not support the California High-Speed Rail project . In a 2010 letter to the Sacramento Bee Whitmans spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said , Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis . Her opponent Jerry Brown was in favor of the project .",
"title": "Infrastructure"
},
{
"text": "Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and political action committees ( PAC ) . While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats , the donations are weighted to Republicans . Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats , including Senator Barbara Boxer ; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the Friends of Boxer committee in 2004 , she donated more than $225,000 during the same period to Republicans , eBays PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority , the PAC of former Representative Tom DeLay .",
"title": "Infrastructure"
},
{
"text": " In 2017 , Whitman was the Commencement speaker for Carnegie Mellon University and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Kayserispor#P286#0
|
Who was the head coach of the team Kayserispor before Mar 2017?
|
Kayserispor Kayseri Spor Kulübü , commonly known as Kayserispor , is a Turkish professional football club based in Kayseri . They play their home matches at the Kadir Has Stadium in red and yellow kits . The team has won one Turkish Cup in 2008 and also finished as Turkish Super Cup runners-up in the same year . They finished fifth in the Turkish Super League four times , in 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , and 2012–13 . Internationally , Kayserispor was one of the co-winners of the 2006 Intertoto Cup . History . Erciyesspor , which was Kayserispors predecessor , was founded as Erciyesspor with red-white colours . In 1937 , Erciyesspor merged with Yılmazspor and changed their colours to yellow-red . It was merged into Kayseri Gençlik in 1940 . They were refounded in 1948 with yellow-navy colours . They merged with Kayseri Gençlik in 1949 and changed their colours to yellow-red . They were dissolved in 1951 . But they were refounded by Naci Ulucan in 1952 . They played in a regional league until 1966 . In 1965 , Orhan Şefik Apak , then president of the Turkish Football Federation , asked cities in Turkey to combine their amateur football clubs into one singular club that would represent their communities . These new clubs would compete in the newly created 2.Lig ( Second Division ) . After several meetings , representatives of the city merged Erciyesspor , Sanayispor , and Ortaanadoluspor to form Kayserispor . The club submitted the required paperwork and were officially founded as Kayserispor on 1 July 1966 . They began competing in the 1966–67 2.Lig . Erdoğan Gürhan was the first manager , signing a contract worth 1,500 TL . In their first season , the club competed in the Beyaz Grup ( White Group ) . Yener scored the first goal in club history when he netted a shot in the 17th minute against Ankara Toprakspor . The club finished with a nine win , nine draw , and twelve loss record in 30 matches while scoring 21 goals and conceding 33 . They finished in ninth place . It was refounded as Kayseri Emniyetspor with red-navy colours . They merged with Kayserigücü , whose former name was Mahrumlarspor in 1985 . They were promoted to 3rd level in 1988 . However changed their name to Kayseri Erciyesspor due to the Security General Directorates decision to withdraw Security teams from leagues . They changed their colours to black-white . They became Büyükşehir Belediye Erciyesspor with blue-white colours in 1992 , Melikgazi Belediyesi Erciyesspor with yellow-red in 1997 , and Hacılar Erciyesspor with yellow-navy colours in 1999 . They were promoted to second level in the 1999–2000 season . They changed their name to Erciyesspor and colours to yellow-red in 2001 . They were relegated to third level in the 2001–2002 season . But after successive two promotions , Erciyesspor reached the top level in 2004 . It was at this time that Kayserspor switched names with Kayseri Erciyesspor . Manager Hüsnü Özkara was fired seven matches into the season after accumulating two points out of a possible twenty-one . Hikmet Karaman took over as manager and guided the club to a 14th-place finish , two places above the relegation zone . Ertuğrul Sağlam , former Samsunspor and Beşiktaş player , took over for Karaman at the end of the season . Sağlam led the club to fifth place in the league , and Gökhan Ünal won the Gol Kralı ( top goal scorer ) award after netting 25 goals in 32 matches . The club qualified for European competition for the first time . The club would go on to win the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup and qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup , where they lost to AZ in the second round . Kayserispor finished fifth for the second time in a row at the end of the 2006–07 season . Sağlam moved to Beşiktaş over the summer , with Tolunay Kafkas being his replacement . Kafkas led the club to a third straight fifth-place finish , as well as the clubs first Turkish Cup title in 2008 . On 15 October 2012 Robert Prosinečki was assigned as manager of Kayserispor , Gordan Ciprić and Dragan Spasić assisted him . They finished 5th in the 2012–13 season . But , the next season Kayserispor relegated from the Süper Lig , finishing as last , despite assigning three managers during the season to change its faith . Fortune changed in the 2014-15 season ; manager Cüneyt Dumlupınar led the club to the championship , earning the club ones again a spot in the Süper Lig . As of January 2019 the clubs name changed into İstikbal Mobilya Kayserispor because of a sponsordeal . In January 2020 the clubs name changed to HES Kablo Kayserispor as result of a sponsordeal . End 2019 , Berna Gözbaşı , a member of the club board , was elected president of the football club , becoming the first woman president of a football club playing in the Turkish top-level mens league . Stadium . Kadir Has Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kayseri , Turkey . It is part of a complex of sports venues that are planned on the outskirts of the city , as part of the Atatürk Sport Complex . It replaced Kayseri Atatürk Stadium , which had been in use since 1964 . It was completed in early 2008 , and has primarily been used to host the home matches of Kayserispor and Kayseri Erciyesspor . The stadium has a capacity of 32,864 ( all-seated ) and is covered . The stadium contains several restaurants , cafes , and VIP areas for fans . Two shopping centres are also located nearby , and the parking lot holds 1,785 cars . The light-rail system of Kayseri , Kayseray , passes near the stadium complex , allowing the fans an alternative to traveling by car or bus . Crest and colours . Emblem . The mountains in the emblem represent Kayseris landmark Mount Erciyes , the K represents Kayseri , the S represents Spor and 1966 signifies the year the club ( now Kayseri Erciyesspor ) was founded . Records and statistics . European Cups history . - Notes - 1R : First round - 2R : Second round - 3R : Third round - 2Q : Second qualifying round Players . Current squad . <section /> Honours . Domestic competitions . Leagues . - TFF First League - Winners ( 1 ) : 2014–15 - 1 . Lig - Winners ( 1 ) : 1973 Cups . - Turkish Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2007–08 - Turkish Super Cup - Runners-up ( 1 ) : 2008 European competitions . - UEFA Intertoto Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2006 ( joint winners ) External links . - Official website - Kayserispor on TFF.org
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Kayseri Spor Kulübü , commonly known as Kayserispor , is a Turkish professional football club based in Kayseri . They play their home matches at the Kadir Has Stadium in red and yellow kits . The team has won one Turkish Cup in 2008 and also finished as Turkish Super Cup runners-up in the same year . They finished fifth in the Turkish Super League four times , in 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , and 2012–13 . Internationally , Kayserispor was one of the co-winners of the 2006 Intertoto Cup .",
"title": "Kayserispor"
},
{
"text": " Erciyesspor , which was Kayserispors predecessor , was founded as Erciyesspor with red-white colours . In 1937 , Erciyesspor merged with Yılmazspor and changed their colours to yellow-red . It was merged into Kayseri Gençlik in 1940 . They were refounded in 1948 with yellow-navy colours . They merged with Kayseri Gençlik in 1949 and changed their colours to yellow-red . They were dissolved in 1951 . But they were refounded by Naci Ulucan in 1952 . They played in a regional league until 1966 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 , Orhan Şefik Apak , then president of the Turkish Football Federation , asked cities in Turkey to combine their amateur football clubs into one singular club that would represent their communities . These new clubs would compete in the newly created 2.Lig ( Second Division ) . After several meetings , representatives of the city merged Erciyesspor , Sanayispor , and Ortaanadoluspor to form Kayserispor . The club submitted the required paperwork and were officially founded as Kayserispor on 1 July 1966 . They began competing in the 1966–67 2.Lig . Erdoğan Gürhan was the first manager",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": ", signing a contract worth 1,500 TL . In their first season , the club competed in the Beyaz Grup ( White Group ) . Yener scored the first goal in club history when he netted a shot in the 17th minute against Ankara Toprakspor . The club finished with a nine win , nine draw , and twelve loss record in 30 matches while scoring 21 goals and conceding 33 . They finished in ninth place .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "It was refounded as Kayseri Emniyetspor with red-navy colours . They merged with Kayserigücü , whose former name was Mahrumlarspor in 1985 . They were promoted to 3rd level in 1988 . However changed their name to Kayseri Erciyesspor due to the Security General Directorates decision to withdraw Security teams from leagues . They changed their colours to black-white . They became Büyükşehir Belediye Erciyesspor with blue-white colours in 1992 , Melikgazi Belediyesi Erciyesspor with yellow-red in 1997 , and Hacılar Erciyesspor with yellow-navy colours in 1999 . They were promoted to second level in the 1999–2000 season . They",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "changed their name to Erciyesspor and colours to yellow-red in 2001 . They were relegated to third level in the 2001–2002 season . But after successive two promotions , Erciyesspor reached the top level in 2004 . It was at this time that Kayserspor switched names with Kayseri Erciyesspor . Manager Hüsnü Özkara was fired seven matches into the season after accumulating two points out of a possible twenty-one . Hikmet Karaman took over as manager and guided the club to a 14th-place finish , two places above the relegation zone .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Ertuğrul Sağlam , former Samsunspor and Beşiktaş player , took over for Karaman at the end of the season . Sağlam led the club to fifth place in the league , and Gökhan Ünal won the Gol Kralı ( top goal scorer ) award after netting 25 goals in 32 matches . The club qualified for European competition for the first time . The club would go on to win the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup and qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup , where they lost to AZ in the second round . Kayserispor finished fifth for the second time",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "in a row at the end of the 2006–07 season . Sağlam moved to Beşiktaş over the summer , with Tolunay Kafkas being his replacement . Kafkas led the club to a third straight fifth-place finish , as well as the clubs first Turkish Cup title in 2008 . On 15 October 2012 Robert Prosinečki was assigned as manager of Kayserispor , Gordan Ciprić and Dragan Spasić assisted him . They finished 5th in the 2012–13 season . But , the next season Kayserispor relegated from the Süper Lig , finishing as last , despite assigning three managers during the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "season to change its faith . Fortune changed in the 2014-15 season ; manager Cüneyt Dumlupınar led the club to the championship , earning the club ones again a spot in the Süper Lig .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " As of January 2019 the clubs name changed into İstikbal Mobilya Kayserispor because of a sponsordeal . In January 2020 the clubs name changed to HES Kablo Kayserispor as result of a sponsordeal . End 2019 , Berna Gözbaşı , a member of the club board , was elected president of the football club , becoming the first woman president of a football club playing in the Turkish top-level mens league .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Kadir Has Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kayseri , Turkey . It is part of a complex of sports venues that are planned on the outskirts of the city , as part of the Atatürk Sport Complex . It replaced Kayseri Atatürk Stadium , which had been in use since 1964 . It was completed in early 2008 , and has primarily been used to host the home matches of Kayserispor and Kayseri Erciyesspor . The stadium has a capacity of 32,864 ( all-seated ) and is covered . The stadium contains several restaurants , cafes , and VIP",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "areas for fans . Two shopping centres are also located nearby , and the parking lot holds 1,785 cars . The light-rail system of Kayseri , Kayseray , passes near the stadium complex , allowing the fans an alternative to traveling by car or bus .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " The mountains in the emblem represent Kayseris landmark Mount Erciyes , the K represents Kayseri , the S represents Spor and 1966 signifies the year the club ( now Kayseri Erciyesspor ) was founded .",
"title": "Emblem"
},
{
"text": " - Notes - 1R : First round - 2R : Second round - 3R : Third round - 2Q : Second qualifying round",
"title": "European Cups history"
},
{
"text": " - TFF First League - Winners ( 1 ) : 2014–15 - 1 . Lig - Winners ( 1 ) : 1973",
"title": "Leagues"
},
{
"text": " - Turkish Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2007–08 - Turkish Super Cup - Runners-up ( 1 ) : 2008",
"title": "Cups"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA Intertoto Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2006 ( joint winners )",
"title": "European competitions"
},
{
"text": " - Official website - Kayserispor on TFF.org",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Kayserispor#P286#1
|
Who was the head coach of the team Kayserispor between Jul 2018 and Dec 2018?
|
Kayserispor Kayseri Spor Kulübü , commonly known as Kayserispor , is a Turkish professional football club based in Kayseri . They play their home matches at the Kadir Has Stadium in red and yellow kits . The team has won one Turkish Cup in 2008 and also finished as Turkish Super Cup runners-up in the same year . They finished fifth in the Turkish Super League four times , in 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , and 2012–13 . Internationally , Kayserispor was one of the co-winners of the 2006 Intertoto Cup . History . Erciyesspor , which was Kayserispors predecessor , was founded as Erciyesspor with red-white colours . In 1937 , Erciyesspor merged with Yılmazspor and changed their colours to yellow-red . It was merged into Kayseri Gençlik in 1940 . They were refounded in 1948 with yellow-navy colours . They merged with Kayseri Gençlik in 1949 and changed their colours to yellow-red . They were dissolved in 1951 . But they were refounded by Naci Ulucan in 1952 . They played in a regional league until 1966 . In 1965 , Orhan Şefik Apak , then president of the Turkish Football Federation , asked cities in Turkey to combine their amateur football clubs into one singular club that would represent their communities . These new clubs would compete in the newly created 2.Lig ( Second Division ) . After several meetings , representatives of the city merged Erciyesspor , Sanayispor , and Ortaanadoluspor to form Kayserispor . The club submitted the required paperwork and were officially founded as Kayserispor on 1 July 1966 . They began competing in the 1966–67 2.Lig . Erdoğan Gürhan was the first manager , signing a contract worth 1,500 TL . In their first season , the club competed in the Beyaz Grup ( White Group ) . Yener scored the first goal in club history when he netted a shot in the 17th minute against Ankara Toprakspor . The club finished with a nine win , nine draw , and twelve loss record in 30 matches while scoring 21 goals and conceding 33 . They finished in ninth place . It was refounded as Kayseri Emniyetspor with red-navy colours . They merged with Kayserigücü , whose former name was Mahrumlarspor in 1985 . They were promoted to 3rd level in 1988 . However changed their name to Kayseri Erciyesspor due to the Security General Directorates decision to withdraw Security teams from leagues . They changed their colours to black-white . They became Büyükşehir Belediye Erciyesspor with blue-white colours in 1992 , Melikgazi Belediyesi Erciyesspor with yellow-red in 1997 , and Hacılar Erciyesspor with yellow-navy colours in 1999 . They were promoted to second level in the 1999–2000 season . They changed their name to Erciyesspor and colours to yellow-red in 2001 . They were relegated to third level in the 2001–2002 season . But after successive two promotions , Erciyesspor reached the top level in 2004 . It was at this time that Kayserspor switched names with Kayseri Erciyesspor . Manager Hüsnü Özkara was fired seven matches into the season after accumulating two points out of a possible twenty-one . Hikmet Karaman took over as manager and guided the club to a 14th-place finish , two places above the relegation zone . Ertuğrul Sağlam , former Samsunspor and Beşiktaş player , took over for Karaman at the end of the season . Sağlam led the club to fifth place in the league , and Gökhan Ünal won the Gol Kralı ( top goal scorer ) award after netting 25 goals in 32 matches . The club qualified for European competition for the first time . The club would go on to win the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup and qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup , where they lost to AZ in the second round . Kayserispor finished fifth for the second time in a row at the end of the 2006–07 season . Sağlam moved to Beşiktaş over the summer , with Tolunay Kafkas being his replacement . Kafkas led the club to a third straight fifth-place finish , as well as the clubs first Turkish Cup title in 2008 . On 15 October 2012 Robert Prosinečki was assigned as manager of Kayserispor , Gordan Ciprić and Dragan Spasić assisted him . They finished 5th in the 2012–13 season . But , the next season Kayserispor relegated from the Süper Lig , finishing as last , despite assigning three managers during the season to change its faith . Fortune changed in the 2014-15 season ; manager Cüneyt Dumlupınar led the club to the championship , earning the club ones again a spot in the Süper Lig . As of January 2019 the clubs name changed into İstikbal Mobilya Kayserispor because of a sponsordeal . In January 2020 the clubs name changed to HES Kablo Kayserispor as result of a sponsordeal . End 2019 , Berna Gözbaşı , a member of the club board , was elected president of the football club , becoming the first woman president of a football club playing in the Turkish top-level mens league . Stadium . Kadir Has Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kayseri , Turkey . It is part of a complex of sports venues that are planned on the outskirts of the city , as part of the Atatürk Sport Complex . It replaced Kayseri Atatürk Stadium , which had been in use since 1964 . It was completed in early 2008 , and has primarily been used to host the home matches of Kayserispor and Kayseri Erciyesspor . The stadium has a capacity of 32,864 ( all-seated ) and is covered . The stadium contains several restaurants , cafes , and VIP areas for fans . Two shopping centres are also located nearby , and the parking lot holds 1,785 cars . The light-rail system of Kayseri , Kayseray , passes near the stadium complex , allowing the fans an alternative to traveling by car or bus . Crest and colours . Emblem . The mountains in the emblem represent Kayseris landmark Mount Erciyes , the K represents Kayseri , the S represents Spor and 1966 signifies the year the club ( now Kayseri Erciyesspor ) was founded . Records and statistics . European Cups history . - Notes - 1R : First round - 2R : Second round - 3R : Third round - 2Q : Second qualifying round Players . Current squad . <section /> Honours . Domestic competitions . Leagues . - TFF First League - Winners ( 1 ) : 2014–15 - 1 . Lig - Winners ( 1 ) : 1973 Cups . - Turkish Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2007–08 - Turkish Super Cup - Runners-up ( 1 ) : 2008 European competitions . - UEFA Intertoto Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2006 ( joint winners ) External links . - Official website - Kayserispor on TFF.org
|
[
"Ertuğrul Sağlam"
] |
[
{
"text": " Kayseri Spor Kulübü , commonly known as Kayserispor , is a Turkish professional football club based in Kayseri . They play their home matches at the Kadir Has Stadium in red and yellow kits . The team has won one Turkish Cup in 2008 and also finished as Turkish Super Cup runners-up in the same year . They finished fifth in the Turkish Super League four times , in 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , and 2012–13 . Internationally , Kayserispor was one of the co-winners of the 2006 Intertoto Cup .",
"title": "Kayserispor"
},
{
"text": " Erciyesspor , which was Kayserispors predecessor , was founded as Erciyesspor with red-white colours . In 1937 , Erciyesspor merged with Yılmazspor and changed their colours to yellow-red . It was merged into Kayseri Gençlik in 1940 . They were refounded in 1948 with yellow-navy colours . They merged with Kayseri Gençlik in 1949 and changed their colours to yellow-red . They were dissolved in 1951 . But they were refounded by Naci Ulucan in 1952 . They played in a regional league until 1966 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 , Orhan Şefik Apak , then president of the Turkish Football Federation , asked cities in Turkey to combine their amateur football clubs into one singular club that would represent their communities . These new clubs would compete in the newly created 2.Lig ( Second Division ) . After several meetings , representatives of the city merged Erciyesspor , Sanayispor , and Ortaanadoluspor to form Kayserispor . The club submitted the required paperwork and were officially founded as Kayserispor on 1 July 1966 . They began competing in the 1966–67 2.Lig . Erdoğan Gürhan was the first manager",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": ", signing a contract worth 1,500 TL . In their first season , the club competed in the Beyaz Grup ( White Group ) . Yener scored the first goal in club history when he netted a shot in the 17th minute against Ankara Toprakspor . The club finished with a nine win , nine draw , and twelve loss record in 30 matches while scoring 21 goals and conceding 33 . They finished in ninth place .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "It was refounded as Kayseri Emniyetspor with red-navy colours . They merged with Kayserigücü , whose former name was Mahrumlarspor in 1985 . They were promoted to 3rd level in 1988 . However changed their name to Kayseri Erciyesspor due to the Security General Directorates decision to withdraw Security teams from leagues . They changed their colours to black-white . They became Büyükşehir Belediye Erciyesspor with blue-white colours in 1992 , Melikgazi Belediyesi Erciyesspor with yellow-red in 1997 , and Hacılar Erciyesspor with yellow-navy colours in 1999 . They were promoted to second level in the 1999–2000 season . They",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "changed their name to Erciyesspor and colours to yellow-red in 2001 . They were relegated to third level in the 2001–2002 season . But after successive two promotions , Erciyesspor reached the top level in 2004 . It was at this time that Kayserspor switched names with Kayseri Erciyesspor . Manager Hüsnü Özkara was fired seven matches into the season after accumulating two points out of a possible twenty-one . Hikmet Karaman took over as manager and guided the club to a 14th-place finish , two places above the relegation zone .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Ertuğrul Sağlam , former Samsunspor and Beşiktaş player , took over for Karaman at the end of the season . Sağlam led the club to fifth place in the league , and Gökhan Ünal won the Gol Kralı ( top goal scorer ) award after netting 25 goals in 32 matches . The club qualified for European competition for the first time . The club would go on to win the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup and qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup , where they lost to AZ in the second round . Kayserispor finished fifth for the second time",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "in a row at the end of the 2006–07 season . Sağlam moved to Beşiktaş over the summer , with Tolunay Kafkas being his replacement . Kafkas led the club to a third straight fifth-place finish , as well as the clubs first Turkish Cup title in 2008 . On 15 October 2012 Robert Prosinečki was assigned as manager of Kayserispor , Gordan Ciprić and Dragan Spasić assisted him . They finished 5th in the 2012–13 season . But , the next season Kayserispor relegated from the Süper Lig , finishing as last , despite assigning three managers during the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "season to change its faith . Fortune changed in the 2014-15 season ; manager Cüneyt Dumlupınar led the club to the championship , earning the club ones again a spot in the Süper Lig .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " As of January 2019 the clubs name changed into İstikbal Mobilya Kayserispor because of a sponsordeal . In January 2020 the clubs name changed to HES Kablo Kayserispor as result of a sponsordeal . End 2019 , Berna Gözbaşı , a member of the club board , was elected president of the football club , becoming the first woman president of a football club playing in the Turkish top-level mens league .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Kadir Has Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kayseri , Turkey . It is part of a complex of sports venues that are planned on the outskirts of the city , as part of the Atatürk Sport Complex . It replaced Kayseri Atatürk Stadium , which had been in use since 1964 . It was completed in early 2008 , and has primarily been used to host the home matches of Kayserispor and Kayseri Erciyesspor . The stadium has a capacity of 32,864 ( all-seated ) and is covered . The stadium contains several restaurants , cafes , and VIP",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "areas for fans . Two shopping centres are also located nearby , and the parking lot holds 1,785 cars . The light-rail system of Kayseri , Kayseray , passes near the stadium complex , allowing the fans an alternative to traveling by car or bus .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " The mountains in the emblem represent Kayseris landmark Mount Erciyes , the K represents Kayseri , the S represents Spor and 1966 signifies the year the club ( now Kayseri Erciyesspor ) was founded .",
"title": "Emblem"
},
{
"text": " - Notes - 1R : First round - 2R : Second round - 3R : Third round - 2Q : Second qualifying round",
"title": "European Cups history"
},
{
"text": " - TFF First League - Winners ( 1 ) : 2014–15 - 1 . Lig - Winners ( 1 ) : 1973",
"title": "Leagues"
},
{
"text": " - Turkish Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2007–08 - Turkish Super Cup - Runners-up ( 1 ) : 2008",
"title": "Cups"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA Intertoto Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2006 ( joint winners )",
"title": "European competitions"
},
{
"text": " - Official website - Kayserispor on TFF.org",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Kayserispor#P286#2
|
Who was the head coach of the team Kayserispor between Jan 2019 and May 2019?
|
Kayserispor Kayseri Spor Kulübü , commonly known as Kayserispor , is a Turkish professional football club based in Kayseri . They play their home matches at the Kadir Has Stadium in red and yellow kits . The team has won one Turkish Cup in 2008 and also finished as Turkish Super Cup runners-up in the same year . They finished fifth in the Turkish Super League four times , in 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , and 2012–13 . Internationally , Kayserispor was one of the co-winners of the 2006 Intertoto Cup . History . Erciyesspor , which was Kayserispors predecessor , was founded as Erciyesspor with red-white colours . In 1937 , Erciyesspor merged with Yılmazspor and changed their colours to yellow-red . It was merged into Kayseri Gençlik in 1940 . They were refounded in 1948 with yellow-navy colours . They merged with Kayseri Gençlik in 1949 and changed their colours to yellow-red . They were dissolved in 1951 . But they were refounded by Naci Ulucan in 1952 . They played in a regional league until 1966 . In 1965 , Orhan Şefik Apak , then president of the Turkish Football Federation , asked cities in Turkey to combine their amateur football clubs into one singular club that would represent their communities . These new clubs would compete in the newly created 2.Lig ( Second Division ) . After several meetings , representatives of the city merged Erciyesspor , Sanayispor , and Ortaanadoluspor to form Kayserispor . The club submitted the required paperwork and were officially founded as Kayserispor on 1 July 1966 . They began competing in the 1966–67 2.Lig . Erdoğan Gürhan was the first manager , signing a contract worth 1,500 TL . In their first season , the club competed in the Beyaz Grup ( White Group ) . Yener scored the first goal in club history when he netted a shot in the 17th minute against Ankara Toprakspor . The club finished with a nine win , nine draw , and twelve loss record in 30 matches while scoring 21 goals and conceding 33 . They finished in ninth place . It was refounded as Kayseri Emniyetspor with red-navy colours . They merged with Kayserigücü , whose former name was Mahrumlarspor in 1985 . They were promoted to 3rd level in 1988 . However changed their name to Kayseri Erciyesspor due to the Security General Directorates decision to withdraw Security teams from leagues . They changed their colours to black-white . They became Büyükşehir Belediye Erciyesspor with blue-white colours in 1992 , Melikgazi Belediyesi Erciyesspor with yellow-red in 1997 , and Hacılar Erciyesspor with yellow-navy colours in 1999 . They were promoted to second level in the 1999–2000 season . They changed their name to Erciyesspor and colours to yellow-red in 2001 . They were relegated to third level in the 2001–2002 season . But after successive two promotions , Erciyesspor reached the top level in 2004 . It was at this time that Kayserspor switched names with Kayseri Erciyesspor . Manager Hüsnü Özkara was fired seven matches into the season after accumulating two points out of a possible twenty-one . Hikmet Karaman took over as manager and guided the club to a 14th-place finish , two places above the relegation zone . Ertuğrul Sağlam , former Samsunspor and Beşiktaş player , took over for Karaman at the end of the season . Sağlam led the club to fifth place in the league , and Gökhan Ünal won the Gol Kralı ( top goal scorer ) award after netting 25 goals in 32 matches . The club qualified for European competition for the first time . The club would go on to win the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup and qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup , where they lost to AZ in the second round . Kayserispor finished fifth for the second time in a row at the end of the 2006–07 season . Sağlam moved to Beşiktaş over the summer , with Tolunay Kafkas being his replacement . Kafkas led the club to a third straight fifth-place finish , as well as the clubs first Turkish Cup title in 2008 . On 15 October 2012 Robert Prosinečki was assigned as manager of Kayserispor , Gordan Ciprić and Dragan Spasić assisted him . They finished 5th in the 2012–13 season . But , the next season Kayserispor relegated from the Süper Lig , finishing as last , despite assigning three managers during the season to change its faith . Fortune changed in the 2014-15 season ; manager Cüneyt Dumlupınar led the club to the championship , earning the club ones again a spot in the Süper Lig . As of January 2019 the clubs name changed into İstikbal Mobilya Kayserispor because of a sponsordeal . In January 2020 the clubs name changed to HES Kablo Kayserispor as result of a sponsordeal . End 2019 , Berna Gözbaşı , a member of the club board , was elected president of the football club , becoming the first woman president of a football club playing in the Turkish top-level mens league . Stadium . Kadir Has Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kayseri , Turkey . It is part of a complex of sports venues that are planned on the outskirts of the city , as part of the Atatürk Sport Complex . It replaced Kayseri Atatürk Stadium , which had been in use since 1964 . It was completed in early 2008 , and has primarily been used to host the home matches of Kayserispor and Kayseri Erciyesspor . The stadium has a capacity of 32,864 ( all-seated ) and is covered . The stadium contains several restaurants , cafes , and VIP areas for fans . Two shopping centres are also located nearby , and the parking lot holds 1,785 cars . The light-rail system of Kayseri , Kayseray , passes near the stadium complex , allowing the fans an alternative to traveling by car or bus . Crest and colours . Emblem . The mountains in the emblem represent Kayseris landmark Mount Erciyes , the K represents Kayseri , the S represents Spor and 1966 signifies the year the club ( now Kayseri Erciyesspor ) was founded . Records and statistics . European Cups history . - Notes - 1R : First round - 2R : Second round - 3R : Third round - 2Q : Second qualifying round Players . Current squad . <section /> Honours . Domestic competitions . Leagues . - TFF First League - Winners ( 1 ) : 2014–15 - 1 . Lig - Winners ( 1 ) : 1973 Cups . - Turkish Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2007–08 - Turkish Super Cup - Runners-up ( 1 ) : 2008 European competitions . - UEFA Intertoto Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2006 ( joint winners ) External links . - Official website - Kayserispor on TFF.org
|
[
"Hikmet Karaman"
] |
[
{
"text": " Kayseri Spor Kulübü , commonly known as Kayserispor , is a Turkish professional football club based in Kayseri . They play their home matches at the Kadir Has Stadium in red and yellow kits . The team has won one Turkish Cup in 2008 and also finished as Turkish Super Cup runners-up in the same year . They finished fifth in the Turkish Super League four times , in 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , and 2012–13 . Internationally , Kayserispor was one of the co-winners of the 2006 Intertoto Cup .",
"title": "Kayserispor"
},
{
"text": " Erciyesspor , which was Kayserispors predecessor , was founded as Erciyesspor with red-white colours . In 1937 , Erciyesspor merged with Yılmazspor and changed their colours to yellow-red . It was merged into Kayseri Gençlik in 1940 . They were refounded in 1948 with yellow-navy colours . They merged with Kayseri Gençlik in 1949 and changed their colours to yellow-red . They were dissolved in 1951 . But they were refounded by Naci Ulucan in 1952 . They played in a regional league until 1966 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 , Orhan Şefik Apak , then president of the Turkish Football Federation , asked cities in Turkey to combine their amateur football clubs into one singular club that would represent their communities . These new clubs would compete in the newly created 2.Lig ( Second Division ) . After several meetings , representatives of the city merged Erciyesspor , Sanayispor , and Ortaanadoluspor to form Kayserispor . The club submitted the required paperwork and were officially founded as Kayserispor on 1 July 1966 . They began competing in the 1966–67 2.Lig . Erdoğan Gürhan was the first manager",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": ", signing a contract worth 1,500 TL . In their first season , the club competed in the Beyaz Grup ( White Group ) . Yener scored the first goal in club history when he netted a shot in the 17th minute against Ankara Toprakspor . The club finished with a nine win , nine draw , and twelve loss record in 30 matches while scoring 21 goals and conceding 33 . They finished in ninth place .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "It was refounded as Kayseri Emniyetspor with red-navy colours . They merged with Kayserigücü , whose former name was Mahrumlarspor in 1985 . They were promoted to 3rd level in 1988 . However changed their name to Kayseri Erciyesspor due to the Security General Directorates decision to withdraw Security teams from leagues . They changed their colours to black-white . They became Büyükşehir Belediye Erciyesspor with blue-white colours in 1992 , Melikgazi Belediyesi Erciyesspor with yellow-red in 1997 , and Hacılar Erciyesspor with yellow-navy colours in 1999 . They were promoted to second level in the 1999–2000 season . They",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "changed their name to Erciyesspor and colours to yellow-red in 2001 . They were relegated to third level in the 2001–2002 season . But after successive two promotions , Erciyesspor reached the top level in 2004 . It was at this time that Kayserspor switched names with Kayseri Erciyesspor . Manager Hüsnü Özkara was fired seven matches into the season after accumulating two points out of a possible twenty-one . Hikmet Karaman took over as manager and guided the club to a 14th-place finish , two places above the relegation zone .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Ertuğrul Sağlam , former Samsunspor and Beşiktaş player , took over for Karaman at the end of the season . Sağlam led the club to fifth place in the league , and Gökhan Ünal won the Gol Kralı ( top goal scorer ) award after netting 25 goals in 32 matches . The club qualified for European competition for the first time . The club would go on to win the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup and qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup , where they lost to AZ in the second round . Kayserispor finished fifth for the second time",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "in a row at the end of the 2006–07 season . Sağlam moved to Beşiktaş over the summer , with Tolunay Kafkas being his replacement . Kafkas led the club to a third straight fifth-place finish , as well as the clubs first Turkish Cup title in 2008 . On 15 October 2012 Robert Prosinečki was assigned as manager of Kayserispor , Gordan Ciprić and Dragan Spasić assisted him . They finished 5th in the 2012–13 season . But , the next season Kayserispor relegated from the Süper Lig , finishing as last , despite assigning three managers during the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "season to change its faith . Fortune changed in the 2014-15 season ; manager Cüneyt Dumlupınar led the club to the championship , earning the club ones again a spot in the Süper Lig .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " As of January 2019 the clubs name changed into İstikbal Mobilya Kayserispor because of a sponsordeal . In January 2020 the clubs name changed to HES Kablo Kayserispor as result of a sponsordeal . End 2019 , Berna Gözbaşı , a member of the club board , was elected president of the football club , becoming the first woman president of a football club playing in the Turkish top-level mens league .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Kadir Has Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kayseri , Turkey . It is part of a complex of sports venues that are planned on the outskirts of the city , as part of the Atatürk Sport Complex . It replaced Kayseri Atatürk Stadium , which had been in use since 1964 . It was completed in early 2008 , and has primarily been used to host the home matches of Kayserispor and Kayseri Erciyesspor . The stadium has a capacity of 32,864 ( all-seated ) and is covered . The stadium contains several restaurants , cafes , and VIP",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "areas for fans . Two shopping centres are also located nearby , and the parking lot holds 1,785 cars . The light-rail system of Kayseri , Kayseray , passes near the stadium complex , allowing the fans an alternative to traveling by car or bus .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " The mountains in the emblem represent Kayseris landmark Mount Erciyes , the K represents Kayseri , the S represents Spor and 1966 signifies the year the club ( now Kayseri Erciyesspor ) was founded .",
"title": "Emblem"
},
{
"text": " - Notes - 1R : First round - 2R : Second round - 3R : Third round - 2Q : Second qualifying round",
"title": "European Cups history"
},
{
"text": " - TFF First League - Winners ( 1 ) : 2014–15 - 1 . Lig - Winners ( 1 ) : 1973",
"title": "Leagues"
},
{
"text": " - Turkish Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2007–08 - Turkish Super Cup - Runners-up ( 1 ) : 2008",
"title": "Cups"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA Intertoto Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2006 ( joint winners )",
"title": "European competitions"
},
{
"text": " - Official website - Kayserispor on TFF.org",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Kayserispor#P286#3
|
Who was the head coach of the team Kayserispor between Mar 2020 and Dec 2020?
|
Kayserispor Kayseri Spor Kulübü , commonly known as Kayserispor , is a Turkish professional football club based in Kayseri . They play their home matches at the Kadir Has Stadium in red and yellow kits . The team has won one Turkish Cup in 2008 and also finished as Turkish Super Cup runners-up in the same year . They finished fifth in the Turkish Super League four times , in 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , and 2012–13 . Internationally , Kayserispor was one of the co-winners of the 2006 Intertoto Cup . History . Erciyesspor , which was Kayserispors predecessor , was founded as Erciyesspor with red-white colours . In 1937 , Erciyesspor merged with Yılmazspor and changed their colours to yellow-red . It was merged into Kayseri Gençlik in 1940 . They were refounded in 1948 with yellow-navy colours . They merged with Kayseri Gençlik in 1949 and changed their colours to yellow-red . They were dissolved in 1951 . But they were refounded by Naci Ulucan in 1952 . They played in a regional league until 1966 . In 1965 , Orhan Şefik Apak , then president of the Turkish Football Federation , asked cities in Turkey to combine their amateur football clubs into one singular club that would represent their communities . These new clubs would compete in the newly created 2.Lig ( Second Division ) . After several meetings , representatives of the city merged Erciyesspor , Sanayispor , and Ortaanadoluspor to form Kayserispor . The club submitted the required paperwork and were officially founded as Kayserispor on 1 July 1966 . They began competing in the 1966–67 2.Lig . Erdoğan Gürhan was the first manager , signing a contract worth 1,500 TL . In their first season , the club competed in the Beyaz Grup ( White Group ) . Yener scored the first goal in club history when he netted a shot in the 17th minute against Ankara Toprakspor . The club finished with a nine win , nine draw , and twelve loss record in 30 matches while scoring 21 goals and conceding 33 . They finished in ninth place . It was refounded as Kayseri Emniyetspor with red-navy colours . They merged with Kayserigücü , whose former name was Mahrumlarspor in 1985 . They were promoted to 3rd level in 1988 . However changed their name to Kayseri Erciyesspor due to the Security General Directorates decision to withdraw Security teams from leagues . They changed their colours to black-white . They became Büyükşehir Belediye Erciyesspor with blue-white colours in 1992 , Melikgazi Belediyesi Erciyesspor with yellow-red in 1997 , and Hacılar Erciyesspor with yellow-navy colours in 1999 . They were promoted to second level in the 1999–2000 season . They changed their name to Erciyesspor and colours to yellow-red in 2001 . They were relegated to third level in the 2001–2002 season . But after successive two promotions , Erciyesspor reached the top level in 2004 . It was at this time that Kayserspor switched names with Kayseri Erciyesspor . Manager Hüsnü Özkara was fired seven matches into the season after accumulating two points out of a possible twenty-one . Hikmet Karaman took over as manager and guided the club to a 14th-place finish , two places above the relegation zone . Ertuğrul Sağlam , former Samsunspor and Beşiktaş player , took over for Karaman at the end of the season . Sağlam led the club to fifth place in the league , and Gökhan Ünal won the Gol Kralı ( top goal scorer ) award after netting 25 goals in 32 matches . The club qualified for European competition for the first time . The club would go on to win the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup and qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup , where they lost to AZ in the second round . Kayserispor finished fifth for the second time in a row at the end of the 2006–07 season . Sağlam moved to Beşiktaş over the summer , with Tolunay Kafkas being his replacement . Kafkas led the club to a third straight fifth-place finish , as well as the clubs first Turkish Cup title in 2008 . On 15 October 2012 Robert Prosinečki was assigned as manager of Kayserispor , Gordan Ciprić and Dragan Spasić assisted him . They finished 5th in the 2012–13 season . But , the next season Kayserispor relegated from the Süper Lig , finishing as last , despite assigning three managers during the season to change its faith . Fortune changed in the 2014-15 season ; manager Cüneyt Dumlupınar led the club to the championship , earning the club ones again a spot in the Süper Lig . As of January 2019 the clubs name changed into İstikbal Mobilya Kayserispor because of a sponsordeal . In January 2020 the clubs name changed to HES Kablo Kayserispor as result of a sponsordeal . End 2019 , Berna Gözbaşı , a member of the club board , was elected president of the football club , becoming the first woman president of a football club playing in the Turkish top-level mens league . Stadium . Kadir Has Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kayseri , Turkey . It is part of a complex of sports venues that are planned on the outskirts of the city , as part of the Atatürk Sport Complex . It replaced Kayseri Atatürk Stadium , which had been in use since 1964 . It was completed in early 2008 , and has primarily been used to host the home matches of Kayserispor and Kayseri Erciyesspor . The stadium has a capacity of 32,864 ( all-seated ) and is covered . The stadium contains several restaurants , cafes , and VIP areas for fans . Two shopping centres are also located nearby , and the parking lot holds 1,785 cars . The light-rail system of Kayseri , Kayseray , passes near the stadium complex , allowing the fans an alternative to traveling by car or bus . Crest and colours . Emblem . The mountains in the emblem represent Kayseris landmark Mount Erciyes , the K represents Kayseri , the S represents Spor and 1966 signifies the year the club ( now Kayseri Erciyesspor ) was founded . Records and statistics . European Cups history . - Notes - 1R : First round - 2R : Second round - 3R : Third round - 2Q : Second qualifying round Players . Current squad . <section /> Honours . Domestic competitions . Leagues . - TFF First League - Winners ( 1 ) : 2014–15 - 1 . Lig - Winners ( 1 ) : 1973 Cups . - Turkish Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2007–08 - Turkish Super Cup - Runners-up ( 1 ) : 2008 European competitions . - UEFA Intertoto Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2006 ( joint winners ) External links . - Official website - Kayserispor on TFF.org
|
[
"Robert Prosinečki"
] |
[
{
"text": " Kayseri Spor Kulübü , commonly known as Kayserispor , is a Turkish professional football club based in Kayseri . They play their home matches at the Kadir Has Stadium in red and yellow kits . The team has won one Turkish Cup in 2008 and also finished as Turkish Super Cup runners-up in the same year . They finished fifth in the Turkish Super League four times , in 2005–06 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , and 2012–13 . Internationally , Kayserispor was one of the co-winners of the 2006 Intertoto Cup .",
"title": "Kayserispor"
},
{
"text": " Erciyesspor , which was Kayserispors predecessor , was founded as Erciyesspor with red-white colours . In 1937 , Erciyesspor merged with Yılmazspor and changed their colours to yellow-red . It was merged into Kayseri Gençlik in 1940 . They were refounded in 1948 with yellow-navy colours . They merged with Kayseri Gençlik in 1949 and changed their colours to yellow-red . They were dissolved in 1951 . But they were refounded by Naci Ulucan in 1952 . They played in a regional league until 1966 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 , Orhan Şefik Apak , then president of the Turkish Football Federation , asked cities in Turkey to combine their amateur football clubs into one singular club that would represent their communities . These new clubs would compete in the newly created 2.Lig ( Second Division ) . After several meetings , representatives of the city merged Erciyesspor , Sanayispor , and Ortaanadoluspor to form Kayserispor . The club submitted the required paperwork and were officially founded as Kayserispor on 1 July 1966 . They began competing in the 1966–67 2.Lig . Erdoğan Gürhan was the first manager",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": ", signing a contract worth 1,500 TL . In their first season , the club competed in the Beyaz Grup ( White Group ) . Yener scored the first goal in club history when he netted a shot in the 17th minute against Ankara Toprakspor . The club finished with a nine win , nine draw , and twelve loss record in 30 matches while scoring 21 goals and conceding 33 . They finished in ninth place .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "It was refounded as Kayseri Emniyetspor with red-navy colours . They merged with Kayserigücü , whose former name was Mahrumlarspor in 1985 . They were promoted to 3rd level in 1988 . However changed their name to Kayseri Erciyesspor due to the Security General Directorates decision to withdraw Security teams from leagues . They changed their colours to black-white . They became Büyükşehir Belediye Erciyesspor with blue-white colours in 1992 , Melikgazi Belediyesi Erciyesspor with yellow-red in 1997 , and Hacılar Erciyesspor with yellow-navy colours in 1999 . They were promoted to second level in the 1999–2000 season . They",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "changed their name to Erciyesspor and colours to yellow-red in 2001 . They were relegated to third level in the 2001–2002 season . But after successive two promotions , Erciyesspor reached the top level in 2004 . It was at this time that Kayserspor switched names with Kayseri Erciyesspor . Manager Hüsnü Özkara was fired seven matches into the season after accumulating two points out of a possible twenty-one . Hikmet Karaman took over as manager and guided the club to a 14th-place finish , two places above the relegation zone .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Ertuğrul Sağlam , former Samsunspor and Beşiktaş player , took over for Karaman at the end of the season . Sağlam led the club to fifth place in the league , and Gökhan Ünal won the Gol Kralı ( top goal scorer ) award after netting 25 goals in 32 matches . The club qualified for European competition for the first time . The club would go on to win the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup and qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup , where they lost to AZ in the second round . Kayserispor finished fifth for the second time",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "in a row at the end of the 2006–07 season . Sağlam moved to Beşiktaş over the summer , with Tolunay Kafkas being his replacement . Kafkas led the club to a third straight fifth-place finish , as well as the clubs first Turkish Cup title in 2008 . On 15 October 2012 Robert Prosinečki was assigned as manager of Kayserispor , Gordan Ciprić and Dragan Spasić assisted him . They finished 5th in the 2012–13 season . But , the next season Kayserispor relegated from the Süper Lig , finishing as last , despite assigning three managers during the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "season to change its faith . Fortune changed in the 2014-15 season ; manager Cüneyt Dumlupınar led the club to the championship , earning the club ones again a spot in the Süper Lig .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " As of January 2019 the clubs name changed into İstikbal Mobilya Kayserispor because of a sponsordeal . In January 2020 the clubs name changed to HES Kablo Kayserispor as result of a sponsordeal . End 2019 , Berna Gözbaşı , a member of the club board , was elected president of the football club , becoming the first woman president of a football club playing in the Turkish top-level mens league .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Kadir Has Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kayseri , Turkey . It is part of a complex of sports venues that are planned on the outskirts of the city , as part of the Atatürk Sport Complex . It replaced Kayseri Atatürk Stadium , which had been in use since 1964 . It was completed in early 2008 , and has primarily been used to host the home matches of Kayserispor and Kayseri Erciyesspor . The stadium has a capacity of 32,864 ( all-seated ) and is covered . The stadium contains several restaurants , cafes , and VIP",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": "areas for fans . Two shopping centres are also located nearby , and the parking lot holds 1,785 cars . The light-rail system of Kayseri , Kayseray , passes near the stadium complex , allowing the fans an alternative to traveling by car or bus .",
"title": "Stadium"
},
{
"text": " The mountains in the emblem represent Kayseris landmark Mount Erciyes , the K represents Kayseri , the S represents Spor and 1966 signifies the year the club ( now Kayseri Erciyesspor ) was founded .",
"title": "Emblem"
},
{
"text": " - Notes - 1R : First round - 2R : Second round - 3R : Third round - 2Q : Second qualifying round",
"title": "European Cups history"
},
{
"text": " - TFF First League - Winners ( 1 ) : 2014–15 - 1 . Lig - Winners ( 1 ) : 1973",
"title": "Leagues"
},
{
"text": " - Turkish Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2007–08 - Turkish Super Cup - Runners-up ( 1 ) : 2008",
"title": "Cups"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA Intertoto Cup - Winners ( 1 ) : 2006 ( joint winners )",
"title": "European competitions"
},
{
"text": " - Official website - Kayserispor on TFF.org",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Ajit_Pai#P108#0
|
Which employer did Ajit Pai work for before May 2000?
|
Ajit Pai Ajit Varadaraj Pai ( ; born January 10 , 1973 ) is an American lawyer who served as chairman of the U.S . Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) from 2017 to 2021 . He has been a partner at the private-equity firm Searchlight Capital since April 2021 . The son of Indian immigrants to the United States , Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas . He is a graduate of both Harvard University and the University of Chicago Law School . He worked as a lawyer in various offices of the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Senate Judiciary Committee , with a two-year stint as an in-house lawyer for Verizon Communications . He joined the FCC as a lawyer in its Office of General Counsel in 2007 . He was nominated to be a commissioner in 2011 by President Barack Obama , who followed tradition in preserving balance on the commission by accepting the recommendation of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the U.S . Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a five-year term . In January 2017 , newly inaugurated president Donald Trump designated Pai as FCC chairman . He is the first Indian American to hold the office . In March 2017 , Trump announced that he would renominate Pai to serve another five-year term ( remaining Chairman of the FCC ) . Pai was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for an additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . Pai is a proponent of repealing net neutrality in the United States and , on December 14 , 2017 , voted with the majority of the FCC to reverse the decision to regulate the internet under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 . Pai resigned on January 20 , 2021 , the day of Joe Bidens inauguration as President of the United States . Early life and education . Ajit Pai was born on January 10 , 1973 , in Buffalo , New York . His father , Varadaraj Pai , and his mother , Radha Pai , immigrated to the United States from India in 1971 . His father was a urologist and his mother was an anesthesiologist . Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas , where his parents worked at the county hospital . He graduated from Parsons Senior High School in 1990 , then went to Harvard University where he was a member of the Harvard Speech and Parliamentary Debate Society . Pai graduated from Harvard in 1994 with an A.B . in social studies with honors . He then went to the University of Chicago Law School , where he was an editor of the University of Chicago Law Review and won a Mulroy Prize for excellence in evidence law . He graduated with a J.D . in 1997 . Career . After law school , Pai clerked for Judge Martin Leach-Cross Feldman of the U.S . District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1997 to 1998 . Pai then worked for the Antitrust Division of the U.S . Department of Justice as an Honors Program trial attorney on the Telecommunications Task Force . There , he worked on proposed mergers and acquisitions and on novel requests for regulatory relief following the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 . Pai left his Department of Justice post in February 2001 to serve as Associate General Counsel at Verizon Communications Inc. , where he handled competition matters , regulatory issues , and counseling of business units on broadband initiatives . Pai left Verizon in April 2003 and was hired as Deputy Chief Counsel to the United States Senate Judiciary Committees Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts . He returned to the Department of Justice to serve as Senior Counsel in the Office of Legal Policy in May 2004 . He held that position until February 2005 , when he was hired as Chief Counsel to the Subcommittee on the Constitution , Civil Rights , and Property Rights . Between 2007 and 2011 , Pai held several positions in the FCCs Office of General Counsel , serving most prominently as Deputy General Counsel . In this role , he had supervisory responsibility over several dozen lawyers in the Administrative Law Division and worked on a wide variety of regulatory and transactional matters involving the wireless , wireline , cable , Internet , media , and satellite industries . In 2010 , Pai was one of 55 individuals nationwide chosen for the 2011 Marshall Memorial Fellowship , a leadership development initiative of the German Marshall Fund of the United States . Pai returned to the private sector in April 2011 , working in the Washington , D.C. , office of law firm Jenner & Block where he was a partner in the Communications Practice . In 2011 , Pai was then nominated for a Republican Party position on the Federal Communications Commission by President Barack Obama at the recommendation of Minority leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a term that concluded on June 30 , 2016 . Then Pai was designated chairman of the FCC by President Donald Trump in January 2017 for a five-year term . He was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for the additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . In 2019 , he was named forty-seventh among the 100 Most Influential People in Healthcare by Modern Healthcare . Policy positions . Pai was an advocate for less regulation during his tenure on the FCC . He is seen as a closer ally to broadcasters than to other members of the FCC . In testimony before the U.S . House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committees Subcommittee on Communications and Technology on July 10 , 2012 , he warned about the dangers of regulatory uncertainty and the need for the FCC to keep pace with the dynamic communications sector . Pai also asserted that by reforming the way the commission works , the agency can facilitate the provision of new and better services at lower prices for American consumers . Pai gave his first major speech since taking office on July 18 , 2012 , at Carnegie Mellon University . He discussed how the FCC can help promote economic growth and enhance job creation in the information and communications technology field by adhering to three basic principles : ( 1 ) the FCC should be as nimble as the industry it oversees ; ( 2 ) the FCC should prioritize the removal of regulatory barriers to infrastructure investment ; and ( 3 ) the FCC should accelerate its efforts to allocate additional spectrum for mobile broadband . Pai called for a reinvigoration of Section 7 of the Communications Act , which gives the commission a one-year deadline to review proposals for new technologies and services . He introduced the idea of creating an IP Transition Task Force to expedite the countrys transition to all-IP networks . He urged the commission to settle the nine-year-old contributions reform proceeding for the Universal Service Fund by the end of the year . Finally , he advocated for completing the rules for the AWS-4 spectrum band by September 2012 and conducting the broadcast spectrum incentive auctions by June 30 , 2014 . Pai wrote an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal in 2014 criticizing a proposed FCC study of the news-gathering practices of media organizations . In another 2014 letter , Pai criticized Netflix , writing that their Open Connect caching tools effectively secure fast lanes for its traffic . In October 2014 , Pai wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post criticizing a government-funded research project named Truthy at Indiana University which was studying the spread of false and misleading ideas , hate speech and subversive propaganda online . Pai questioned the value of the project , writing , should taxpayer money be used to monitor your speech and evaluate your partisanship ? Truthy researchers defended the project , writing , we do not monitor individual people . The tweets we analyze are public and accessible by anyone . Indiana University issued a press release which said the Truthy project is a basic computing research project designed to provide analytical insight into the ways in which information is spread across social media networks such as Twitter . U.S . House Science Committee Chairman Lamar Smith sent a letter to the National Science Foundation announcing a review of the grant . In 2017 , Pai removed from circulation a proposal introduced by Tom Wheeler which would have required cable providers to make their programming available on third-party devices . In June 2019 , the FCC under Pai allowed telecommunications companies to automatically sign up their users in call-blocking services . The measure was proposed by Pai ; he said that it would reduce unwanted robocalls . In response , FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel argued that the FCC should go further in mandating free call-blocking services . In July 2020 , the FCC under Pai approved the creation of a new number 9-8-8 , for the hotline for suicide prevention ; the old hotline was numbered 1-800-273-8255 , while the new hotline is mandated to be set up by July 2022 . Net neutrality in the United States . In a hearing on net neutrality in 2014 , Pai said that he was committed to a free and open internet and that it was not the FCCs role to determine net neutrality . He testified that a dispute this fundamental is not for us , five unelected individuals , to decide . Instead , it should be resolved by the peoples elected representatives , those who choose the direction of government , and those whom the American people can hold accountable for that choice . Later , Pai voted against the FCCs 2015 Open Internet Order , classifying internet service under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 , which bars certain providers from mak [ ing ] any unjust or unreasonable discrimination in charges , practices , classifications , regulations , facilities , or services . He said in December 2016 that he believed Title II net neutralitys days were numbered , and was described by the New York Times as a stickler for strict application of telecommunications law and limits on the FCCs authority . In a speech two weeks before the FCCs scheduled December 2017 vote on net neutrality , Pai was critical of celebrities including Cher , Mark Ruffalo , and Alyssa Milano for boosting opposition to the planned repeal . In response to criticism from Ruffalo , Pai said Getting rid of government authority over the Internet is the exact opposite of authoritarianism . Government control is the defining feature of authoritarians , including the one in North Korea . Pai said Twitter and other tech companies were hypocritical for arguing for a free and open internet while , according to Pai , such companies routinely block or discriminate against content they dont like . The day before the FCCs scheduled vote on net neutrality , Pai appeared in a video entitled Ajit Pai Wants The Internet To Know You Can Still Harlem Shake After Net Neutrality . The controversial video showed him dancing to the Harlem Shake and buying products online , including a toy lightsaber . In the video , Pai is shown dancing next to Martina Markota , a proponent of the Pizzagate conspiracy theory and a staff member at the Daily Caller , the media outlet that produced the video . In response to the video , Star Wars actor Mark Hamill said Pai was unworthy of holding the Jedi weapon , as a Jedi acts selflessly for the common man . Baauer , the creator of the song featured in the video , has threatened to take legal action against Pai alongside his record label for Pais use of the song in his video . As chairman , he also closed an investigation into zero-rating practices by wireless providers T-Mobile , AT&T , and Verizon . On May 18 , 2017 , the Federal Communications Commission took the first formal step toward dismantling the net neutrality rules , and on December 14 , 2017 , voted to reverse Title II regulations after a contentious public comment period . In February 2018 , the National Rifle Association ( NRA ) awarded Pai with the Charlton Heston Courage Under Fire Award for repealing net neutrality rules despite facing heavy public criticism . As part of the award , a handmade Kentucky long gun was gifted to Pai . This gift caused former White House ethics attorney Walter Shaub to question if Pai , a federal employee , had violated ethics rules by accepting gifts from lobbyists such as the NRA . When the U.S . Senate voted by 52–47 to put the Federal Communications Commissions net-neutrality rules back in place in May 2018 , Pai was said to be upset , stating having no net neutrality rules will help promote digital opportunity while making high-speed Internet access available to every single American . Regarding Democrats effort to reinstate heavy-handed government regulation of the Internet , Ajit Pai conceded it would fail in the House . During an investigation of fake comments in support and against net neutrality , Pai refused to hand over evidence or help New Yorks Attorney General in determining the scope of manipulation by ISPs of the public comment process . Prison inmate telephone calling costs . Pai argued against adoption of the FCC 2013 analysis and proposed rulemaking regarding the high cost of inmate telephone calls , referred to as Inmate Calling Service ( ICS ) by the FCC . He submitted his written dissent in which he argued that the nature of the exclusive single carrier contract between private ICS providers and prison administrators meant inmates cannot count on market competition to keep prices for inmate calling services just and reasonable . ( ICS has become a $1.2 billion telecommunications industry and the two largest providers in the United States were private equity-backed companies ) . Prior to the FCCs imposition of rate caps on interstate prison and jail phone calls in February 2014 , the largest ICS provider Global Tel-Link ( GTL ) – which has been profitably bought and sold by private equity firms such as American Securities and Veritas Capital – charged some of the highest rates in the US – up to $17.30 for a 15-minute call . The 2013 FCC analysis , described how , in some cases , long-distance calls are charged six times the rate on the outside . Acting Chairwoman Clyburn concurred with her order and both Jessica Rosenworcel and Pai dissented and issued statements . Pai opposed the FCC imposition of safe harbor of 12 cents with a cap of 21 cents on private ICS providers like GTL and CenturyLink Public Communications , arguing instead for a simple proposal to cap interstate rates , with one rate for jails and a lower rate for prisons that are cost-based to protect providers and ensure some return on investment . Pai also argued that the FCC was not well-equipped to micromanage rates at each and every prison . In 2015 , Pai opposed rate caps on intrastate inmate calls over which courts have ruled the FCC has no jurisdiction , notwithstanding rates as high as $14 per minute . He raised concerns about the increased use of contraband cell phones in prisons . In November 2016 , the ICS providers won a halt on the regulation rules . Pai criticized Democrats for appealing . Shortly after his January 23 confirmation as chairman , Pai withdrew support for the FCC case involving GTL and CenturyLink set for February 6 , 2017 , which had called for establishing FCC jurisdiction over rates set by states . In June 2017 , the US Court of Appeals struck down a large part of the FCCs ICS order . Lifeline program . In 2016 , Pai called for an investigation of potential fraud among beneficiaries of the agencys Lifeline subsidy for telecommunication services , contending that apparent duplicates who had signed up for the program improperly received $476 million annually . He rescinded permissions for nine new broadband providers selected by the previous FCC to participate in the program ( along with more than 900 others ) after becoming agency chairman , stating the new providers had not followed FCC guidelines requiring them to coordinate with the National Tribal Telecommunications Association in order to participate in the Lifeline program . Pai argued the rules had been improperly circumvented by the previous Democratic chairman , former lobbyist Tom Wheeler . Sinclair Broadcast Group . In November 2017 , two Democratic members of the U.S . House of Representatives , John Conyers ( Mich. ) and David Cicilline ( R.I. ) , asked David L . Hunt , the inspector general of the FCC , to investigate whether Pais legislative actions regarding the relaxation of broadcast ownership rules were biased in favor of Sinclair Broadcast Group , a large owner of broadcast television stations that , since the formation of its now-defunct News Central format in 2003 , produces conservative news and commentary segments that the group requires its stations to insert into certain local newscasts . The FCC , under Pai , undertook a number of actions that the legislators believe would benefit Sinclair – which has lobbied for such changes for several years – including rolling back certain broadcast television station ownership limitations ( including allowing exceptions to duopoly rules that forbid common ownership of two television stations in the same market if both are among the four highest-rated or if such a combination would dilute independent media voices , reinstating a 1985 discount quota on UHF stations repealed two years earlier by Wheeler and his Democratic-led majority , a requirement dating to the FCCs inception for broadcast outlets to maintain office operations within the community of their primary local coverage areas , and removing ownership attribution rules applying to joint sales and shared services agreements ) . A spokeswoman for Pai said the request appears to be part of many Democrats attempt to target one particular company because of its perceived political views.. . Any claim that Chairman Pai is modifying the rules now to benefit one particular company is completely baseless . From late 2017 , the FCC inspector generals office investigated Pai regarding the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger ; this was made publicly known in February 2018 . The office concluded in August 2018 that it found no evidence , nor even the suggestion , of impropriety , unscrupulous behavior , favoritism towards Sinclair , or lack of impartiality . The office also concluded that Pais decisions regarding Sinclair were consistent with policy positions he had previously endorsed in public . In July 2018 , the FCC under Pai ordered that the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger be subject to administrative law judge hearings , due to allegations that Sinclair was planning to illegally retain control of stations it was divesting from . For this action , the FCC was criticized by President Trump , who said he wanted a merged company providing a conservative voice . In August 2018 , Tribune broke off the merger . In May 2020 , the FCC under Pai reached an agreement for Sinclair to pay a record FCC fine of $48 million for deceptive practices , in return for ending three FCC investigations into the company . FCC Commissioners Jessica Rosenworcel and Geoffrey Starks argued against the agreement , as they wanted the investigations to be fully completed and made public . L-band 5G networking . On April 16 , 2020 , Pai asked the other FCC commissioners to approve an application to deploy a low-power terrestrial nationwide network in the L-Band that would primarily support 5G and Internet of Things services , in spite of a report issued by the DoD raising concerns about the potential impact it could have on the operational capabilities of the US military , specifically with regard to GPS coverage . Section 230 . On October 15 , 2020 , Pai released an official statement pledging that he would clarify Section 230 , a portion of the Communications Decency Act that provides immunity for website publishers of third-party content . President Donald Trump had previously threatened to punish Facebook and Twitter for alleged anti-conservative bias after the companies blocked a series of New York Post stories about the Hunter Biden email controversy . Under Section 230 , social media companies are granted First Amendment rights , but are legally distinct from press publications . Personal life . In 2010 , Pai married Janine Van Lancker , a physician and allergist . They have two children and live in Arlington , Virginia . In 2017 , Pai publicly complained that net neutrality protesters had targeted his family . Messages directed at his children were put up near his suburban Virginia home saying that They will come to know the truth . Dad murdered Democracy in cold blood and How will they ever look you in the eye again? . No group took responsibility for the provocative signs , though the advocacy organization Popular Resistance left flyers on Pais neighbors doors that included his picture , age , and weight as part of a campaign they called Ajit-ation . External links . - Biography at FCC
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[
"Antitrust Division"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ajit Varadaraj Pai ( ; born January 10 , 1973 ) is an American lawyer who served as chairman of the U.S . Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) from 2017 to 2021 . He has been a partner at the private-equity firm Searchlight Capital since April 2021 .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "The son of Indian immigrants to the United States , Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas . He is a graduate of both Harvard University and the University of Chicago Law School . He worked as a lawyer in various offices of the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Senate Judiciary Committee , with a two-year stint as an in-house lawyer for Verizon Communications . He joined the FCC as a lawyer in its Office of General Counsel in 2007 . He was nominated to be a commissioner in 2011 by President Barack Obama , who",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "followed tradition in preserving balance on the commission by accepting the recommendation of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the U.S . Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a five-year term .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "In January 2017 , newly inaugurated president Donald Trump designated Pai as FCC chairman . He is the first Indian American to hold the office . In March 2017 , Trump announced that he would renominate Pai to serve another five-year term ( remaining Chairman of the FCC ) . Pai was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for an additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . Pai is a proponent of repealing net neutrality in the United States and , on December 14 , 2017 , voted with the majority of the FCC to reverse the decision",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "to regulate the internet under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 . Pai resigned on January 20 , 2021 , the day of Joe Bidens inauguration as President of the United States .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Ajit Pai was born on January 10 , 1973 , in Buffalo , New York . His father , Varadaraj Pai , and his mother , Radha Pai , immigrated to the United States from India in 1971 . His father was a urologist and his mother was an anesthesiologist .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas , where his parents worked at the county hospital . He graduated from Parsons Senior High School in 1990 , then went to Harvard University where he was a member of the Harvard Speech and Parliamentary Debate Society . Pai graduated from Harvard in 1994 with an A.B . in social studies with honors . He then went to the University of Chicago Law School , where he was an editor of the University of Chicago Law Review and won a Mulroy Prize for excellence in evidence law . He graduated with a",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "J.D . in 1997 .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": " After law school , Pai clerked for Judge Martin Leach-Cross Feldman of the U.S . District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1997 to 1998 . Pai then worked for the Antitrust Division of the U.S . Department of Justice as an Honors Program trial attorney on the Telecommunications Task Force . There , he worked on proposed mergers and acquisitions and on novel requests for regulatory relief following the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Pai left his Department of Justice post in February 2001 to serve as Associate General Counsel at Verizon Communications Inc. , where he handled competition matters , regulatory issues , and counseling of business units on broadband initiatives . Pai left Verizon in April 2003 and was hired as Deputy Chief Counsel to the United States Senate Judiciary Committees Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts . He returned to the Department of Justice to serve as Senior Counsel in the Office of Legal Policy in May 2004 . He held that position until February 2005 , when he was",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "hired as Chief Counsel to the Subcommittee on the Constitution , Civil Rights , and Property Rights .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Between 2007 and 2011 , Pai held several positions in the FCCs Office of General Counsel , serving most prominently as Deputy General Counsel . In this role , he had supervisory responsibility over several dozen lawyers in the Administrative Law Division and worked on a wide variety of regulatory and transactional matters involving the wireless , wireline , cable , Internet , media , and satellite industries . In 2010 , Pai was one of 55 individuals nationwide chosen for the 2011 Marshall Memorial Fellowship , a leadership development initiative of the German Marshall Fund of the United States",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": ". Pai returned to the private sector in April 2011 , working in the Washington , D.C. , office of law firm Jenner & Block where he was a partner in the Communications Practice .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 2011 , Pai was then nominated for a Republican Party position on the Federal Communications Commission by President Barack Obama at the recommendation of Minority leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a term that concluded on June 30 , 2016 . Then Pai was designated chairman of the FCC by President Donald Trump in January 2017 for a five-year term . He was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for the additional five-year term on",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "October 2 , 2017 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2019 , he was named forty-seventh among the 100 Most Influential People in Healthcare by Modern Healthcare .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Pai was an advocate for less regulation during his tenure on the FCC . He is seen as a closer ally to broadcasters than to other members of the FCC . In testimony before the U.S . House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committees Subcommittee on Communications and Technology on July 10 , 2012 , he warned about the dangers of regulatory uncertainty and the need for the FCC to keep pace with the dynamic communications sector . Pai also asserted that by reforming the way the commission works , the agency can facilitate the provision of new and better",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "services at lower prices for American consumers .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Pai gave his first major speech since taking office on July 18 , 2012 , at Carnegie Mellon University . He discussed how the FCC can help promote economic growth and enhance job creation in the information and communications technology field by adhering to three basic principles : ( 1 ) the FCC should be as nimble as the industry it oversees ; ( 2 ) the FCC should prioritize the removal of regulatory barriers to infrastructure investment ; and ( 3 ) the FCC should accelerate its efforts to allocate additional spectrum for mobile broadband . Pai called for",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "a reinvigoration of Section 7 of the Communications Act , which gives the commission a one-year deadline to review proposals for new technologies and services . He introduced the idea of creating an IP Transition Task Force to expedite the countrys transition to all-IP networks . He urged the commission to settle the nine-year-old contributions reform proceeding for the Universal Service Fund by the end of the year . Finally , he advocated for completing the rules for the AWS-4 spectrum band by September 2012 and conducting the broadcast spectrum incentive auctions by June 30 , 2014 .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " Pai wrote an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal in 2014 criticizing a proposed FCC study of the news-gathering practices of media organizations . In another 2014 letter , Pai criticized Netflix , writing that their Open Connect caching tools effectively secure fast lanes for its traffic .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In October 2014 , Pai wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post criticizing a government-funded research project named Truthy at Indiana University which was studying the spread of false and misleading ideas , hate speech and subversive propaganda online . Pai questioned the value of the project , writing , should taxpayer money be used to monitor your speech and evaluate your partisanship ? Truthy researchers defended the project , writing , we do not monitor individual people . The tweets we analyze are public and accessible by anyone . Indiana University issued a press release which said the Truthy",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "project is a basic computing research project designed to provide analytical insight into the ways in which information is spread across social media networks such as Twitter . U.S . House Science Committee Chairman Lamar Smith sent a letter to the National Science Foundation announcing a review of the grant .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " In 2017 , Pai removed from circulation a proposal introduced by Tom Wheeler which would have required cable providers to make their programming available on third-party devices . In June 2019 , the FCC under Pai allowed telecommunications companies to automatically sign up their users in call-blocking services . The measure was proposed by Pai ; he said that it would reduce unwanted robocalls . In response , FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel argued that the FCC should go further in mandating free call-blocking services .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In July 2020 , the FCC under Pai approved the creation of a new number 9-8-8 , for the hotline for suicide prevention ; the old hotline was numbered 1-800-273-8255 , while the new hotline is mandated to be set up by July 2022 .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In a hearing on net neutrality in 2014 , Pai said that he was committed to a free and open internet and that it was not the FCCs role to determine net neutrality . He testified that a dispute this fundamental is not for us , five unelected individuals , to decide . Instead , it should be resolved by the peoples elected representatives , those who choose the direction of government , and those whom the American people can hold accountable for that choice . Later , Pai voted against the FCCs 2015 Open Internet Order , classifying internet",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "service under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 , which bars certain providers from mak [ ing ] any unjust or unreasonable discrimination in charges , practices , classifications , regulations , facilities , or services . He said in December 2016 that he believed Title II net neutralitys days were numbered , and was described by the New York Times as a stickler for strict application of telecommunications law and limits on the FCCs authority .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In a speech two weeks before the FCCs scheduled December 2017 vote on net neutrality , Pai was critical of celebrities including Cher , Mark Ruffalo , and Alyssa Milano for boosting opposition to the planned repeal . In response to criticism from Ruffalo , Pai said Getting rid of government authority over the Internet is the exact opposite of authoritarianism . Government control is the defining feature of authoritarians , including the one in North Korea . Pai said Twitter and other tech companies were hypocritical for arguing for a free and open internet while , according to Pai",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": ", such companies routinely block or discriminate against content they dont like .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "The day before the FCCs scheduled vote on net neutrality , Pai appeared in a video entitled Ajit Pai Wants The Internet To Know You Can Still Harlem Shake After Net Neutrality . The controversial video showed him dancing to the Harlem Shake and buying products online , including a toy lightsaber . In the video , Pai is shown dancing next to Martina Markota , a proponent of the Pizzagate conspiracy theory and a staff member at the Daily Caller , the media outlet that produced the video . In response to the video , Star Wars actor Mark",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Hamill said Pai was unworthy of holding the Jedi weapon , as a Jedi acts selflessly for the common man . Baauer , the creator of the song featured in the video , has threatened to take legal action against Pai alongside his record label for Pais use of the song in his video .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " As chairman , he also closed an investigation into zero-rating practices by wireless providers T-Mobile , AT&T , and Verizon . On May 18 , 2017 , the Federal Communications Commission took the first formal step toward dismantling the net neutrality rules , and on December 14 , 2017 , voted to reverse Title II regulations after a contentious public comment period .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In February 2018 , the National Rifle Association ( NRA ) awarded Pai with the Charlton Heston Courage Under Fire Award for repealing net neutrality rules despite facing heavy public criticism . As part of the award , a handmade Kentucky long gun was gifted to Pai . This gift caused former White House ethics attorney Walter Shaub to question if Pai , a federal employee , had violated ethics rules by accepting gifts from lobbyists such as the NRA .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " When the U.S . Senate voted by 52–47 to put the Federal Communications Commissions net-neutrality rules back in place in May 2018 , Pai was said to be upset , stating having no net neutrality rules will help promote digital opportunity while making high-speed Internet access available to every single American . Regarding Democrats effort to reinstate heavy-handed government regulation of the Internet , Ajit Pai conceded it would fail in the House .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "During an investigation of fake comments in support and against net neutrality , Pai refused to hand over evidence or help New Yorks Attorney General in determining the scope of manipulation by ISPs of the public comment process .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Pai argued against adoption of the FCC 2013 analysis and proposed rulemaking regarding the high cost of inmate telephone calls , referred to as Inmate Calling Service ( ICS ) by the FCC . He submitted his written dissent in which he argued that the nature of the exclusive single carrier contract between private ICS providers and prison administrators meant inmates cannot count on market competition to keep prices for inmate calling services just and reasonable . ( ICS has become a $1.2 billion telecommunications industry and the two largest providers in the United States were private equity-backed companies )",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": ". Prior to the FCCs imposition of rate caps on interstate prison and jail phone calls in February 2014 , the largest ICS provider Global Tel-Link ( GTL ) – which has been profitably bought and sold by private equity firms such as American Securities and Veritas Capital – charged some of the highest rates in the US – up to $17.30 for a 15-minute call . The 2013 FCC analysis , described how , in some cases , long-distance calls are charged six times the rate on the outside .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " Acting Chairwoman Clyburn concurred with her order and both Jessica Rosenworcel and Pai dissented and issued statements . Pai opposed the FCC imposition of safe harbor of 12 cents with a cap of 21 cents on private ICS providers like GTL and CenturyLink Public Communications , arguing instead for a simple proposal to cap interstate rates , with one rate for jails and a lower rate for prisons that are cost-based to protect providers and ensure some return on investment . Pai also argued that the FCC was not well-equipped to micromanage rates at each and every prison .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Pai opposed rate caps on intrastate inmate calls over which courts have ruled the FCC has no jurisdiction , notwithstanding rates as high as $14 per minute . He raised concerns about the increased use of contraband cell phones in prisons .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " In November 2016 , the ICS providers won a halt on the regulation rules . Pai criticized Democrats for appealing . Shortly after his January 23 confirmation as chairman , Pai withdrew support for the FCC case involving GTL and CenturyLink set for February 6 , 2017 , which had called for establishing FCC jurisdiction over rates set by states . In June 2017 , the US Court of Appeals struck down a large part of the FCCs ICS order .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Pai called for an investigation of potential fraud among beneficiaries of the agencys Lifeline subsidy for telecommunication services , contending that apparent duplicates who had signed up for the program improperly received $476 million annually . He rescinded permissions for nine new broadband providers selected by the previous FCC to participate in the program ( along with more than 900 others ) after becoming agency chairman , stating the new providers had not followed FCC guidelines requiring them to coordinate with the National Tribal Telecommunications Association in order to participate in the Lifeline program . Pai argued",
"title": "Lifeline program"
},
{
"text": "the rules had been improperly circumvented by the previous Democratic chairman , former lobbyist Tom Wheeler .",
"title": "Lifeline program"
},
{
"text": "In November 2017 , two Democratic members of the U.S . House of Representatives , John Conyers ( Mich. ) and David Cicilline ( R.I. ) , asked David L . Hunt , the inspector general of the FCC , to investigate whether Pais legislative actions regarding the relaxation of broadcast ownership rules were biased in favor of Sinclair Broadcast Group , a large owner of broadcast television stations that , since the formation of its now-defunct News Central format in 2003 , produces conservative news and commentary segments that the group requires its stations to insert into certain local",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "newscasts . The FCC , under Pai , undertook a number of actions that the legislators believe would benefit Sinclair – which has lobbied for such changes for several years – including rolling back certain broadcast television station ownership limitations ( including allowing exceptions to duopoly rules that forbid common ownership of two television stations in the same market if both are among the four highest-rated or if such a combination would dilute independent media voices , reinstating a 1985 discount quota on UHF stations repealed two years earlier by Wheeler and his Democratic-led majority , a requirement dating to",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "the FCCs inception for broadcast outlets to maintain office operations within the community of their primary local coverage areas , and removing ownership attribution rules applying to joint sales and shared services agreements ) . A spokeswoman for Pai said the request appears to be part of many Democrats attempt to target one particular company because of its perceived political views.. . Any claim that Chairman Pai is modifying the rules now to benefit one particular company is completely baseless .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " From late 2017 , the FCC inspector generals office investigated Pai regarding the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger ; this was made publicly known in February 2018 . The office concluded in August 2018 that it found no evidence , nor even the suggestion , of impropriety , unscrupulous behavior , favoritism towards Sinclair , or lack of impartiality . The office also concluded that Pais decisions regarding Sinclair were consistent with policy positions he had previously endorsed in public .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "In July 2018 , the FCC under Pai ordered that the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger be subject to administrative law judge hearings , due to allegations that Sinclair was planning to illegally retain control of stations it was divesting from . For this action , the FCC was criticized by President Trump , who said he wanted a merged company providing a conservative voice . In August 2018 , Tribune broke off the merger .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " In May 2020 , the FCC under Pai reached an agreement for Sinclair to pay a record FCC fine of $48 million for deceptive practices , in return for ending three FCC investigations into the company . FCC Commissioners Jessica Rosenworcel and Geoffrey Starks argued against the agreement , as they wanted the investigations to be fully completed and made public .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " On April 16 , 2020 , Pai asked the other FCC commissioners to approve an application to deploy a low-power terrestrial nationwide network in the L-Band that would primarily support 5G and Internet of Things services , in spite of a report issued by the DoD raising concerns about the potential impact it could have on the operational capabilities of the US military , specifically with regard to GPS coverage .",
"title": "L-band 5G networking"
},
{
"text": " On October 15 , 2020 , Pai released an official statement pledging that he would clarify Section 230 , a portion of the Communications Decency Act that provides immunity for website publishers of third-party content . President Donald Trump had previously threatened to punish Facebook and Twitter for alleged anti-conservative bias after the companies blocked a series of New York Post stories about the Hunter Biden email controversy . Under Section 230 , social media companies are granted First Amendment rights , but are legally distinct from press publications .",
"title": "Section 230"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Pai married Janine Van Lancker , a physician and allergist . They have two children and live in Arlington , Virginia .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Pai publicly complained that net neutrality protesters had targeted his family . Messages directed at his children were put up near his suburban Virginia home saying that They will come to know the truth . Dad murdered Democracy in cold blood and How will they ever look you in the eye again? . No group took responsibility for the provocative signs , though the advocacy organization Popular Resistance left flyers on Pais neighbors doors that included his picture , age , and weight as part of a campaign they called Ajit-ation .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Biography at FCC",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Ajit_Pai#P108#1
|
Which employer did Ajit Pai work for in Jun 2001?
|
Ajit Pai Ajit Varadaraj Pai ( ; born January 10 , 1973 ) is an American lawyer who served as chairman of the U.S . Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) from 2017 to 2021 . He has been a partner at the private-equity firm Searchlight Capital since April 2021 . The son of Indian immigrants to the United States , Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas . He is a graduate of both Harvard University and the University of Chicago Law School . He worked as a lawyer in various offices of the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Senate Judiciary Committee , with a two-year stint as an in-house lawyer for Verizon Communications . He joined the FCC as a lawyer in its Office of General Counsel in 2007 . He was nominated to be a commissioner in 2011 by President Barack Obama , who followed tradition in preserving balance on the commission by accepting the recommendation of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the U.S . Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a five-year term . In January 2017 , newly inaugurated president Donald Trump designated Pai as FCC chairman . He is the first Indian American to hold the office . In March 2017 , Trump announced that he would renominate Pai to serve another five-year term ( remaining Chairman of the FCC ) . Pai was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for an additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . Pai is a proponent of repealing net neutrality in the United States and , on December 14 , 2017 , voted with the majority of the FCC to reverse the decision to regulate the internet under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 . Pai resigned on January 20 , 2021 , the day of Joe Bidens inauguration as President of the United States . Early life and education . Ajit Pai was born on January 10 , 1973 , in Buffalo , New York . His father , Varadaraj Pai , and his mother , Radha Pai , immigrated to the United States from India in 1971 . His father was a urologist and his mother was an anesthesiologist . Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas , where his parents worked at the county hospital . He graduated from Parsons Senior High School in 1990 , then went to Harvard University where he was a member of the Harvard Speech and Parliamentary Debate Society . Pai graduated from Harvard in 1994 with an A.B . in social studies with honors . He then went to the University of Chicago Law School , where he was an editor of the University of Chicago Law Review and won a Mulroy Prize for excellence in evidence law . He graduated with a J.D . in 1997 . Career . After law school , Pai clerked for Judge Martin Leach-Cross Feldman of the U.S . District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1997 to 1998 . Pai then worked for the Antitrust Division of the U.S . Department of Justice as an Honors Program trial attorney on the Telecommunications Task Force . There , he worked on proposed mergers and acquisitions and on novel requests for regulatory relief following the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 . Pai left his Department of Justice post in February 2001 to serve as Associate General Counsel at Verizon Communications Inc. , where he handled competition matters , regulatory issues , and counseling of business units on broadband initiatives . Pai left Verizon in April 2003 and was hired as Deputy Chief Counsel to the United States Senate Judiciary Committees Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts . He returned to the Department of Justice to serve as Senior Counsel in the Office of Legal Policy in May 2004 . He held that position until February 2005 , when he was hired as Chief Counsel to the Subcommittee on the Constitution , Civil Rights , and Property Rights . Between 2007 and 2011 , Pai held several positions in the FCCs Office of General Counsel , serving most prominently as Deputy General Counsel . In this role , he had supervisory responsibility over several dozen lawyers in the Administrative Law Division and worked on a wide variety of regulatory and transactional matters involving the wireless , wireline , cable , Internet , media , and satellite industries . In 2010 , Pai was one of 55 individuals nationwide chosen for the 2011 Marshall Memorial Fellowship , a leadership development initiative of the German Marshall Fund of the United States . Pai returned to the private sector in April 2011 , working in the Washington , D.C. , office of law firm Jenner & Block where he was a partner in the Communications Practice . In 2011 , Pai was then nominated for a Republican Party position on the Federal Communications Commission by President Barack Obama at the recommendation of Minority leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a term that concluded on June 30 , 2016 . Then Pai was designated chairman of the FCC by President Donald Trump in January 2017 for a five-year term . He was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for the additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . In 2019 , he was named forty-seventh among the 100 Most Influential People in Healthcare by Modern Healthcare . Policy positions . Pai was an advocate for less regulation during his tenure on the FCC . He is seen as a closer ally to broadcasters than to other members of the FCC . In testimony before the U.S . House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committees Subcommittee on Communications and Technology on July 10 , 2012 , he warned about the dangers of regulatory uncertainty and the need for the FCC to keep pace with the dynamic communications sector . Pai also asserted that by reforming the way the commission works , the agency can facilitate the provision of new and better services at lower prices for American consumers . Pai gave his first major speech since taking office on July 18 , 2012 , at Carnegie Mellon University . He discussed how the FCC can help promote economic growth and enhance job creation in the information and communications technology field by adhering to three basic principles : ( 1 ) the FCC should be as nimble as the industry it oversees ; ( 2 ) the FCC should prioritize the removal of regulatory barriers to infrastructure investment ; and ( 3 ) the FCC should accelerate its efforts to allocate additional spectrum for mobile broadband . Pai called for a reinvigoration of Section 7 of the Communications Act , which gives the commission a one-year deadline to review proposals for new technologies and services . He introduced the idea of creating an IP Transition Task Force to expedite the countrys transition to all-IP networks . He urged the commission to settle the nine-year-old contributions reform proceeding for the Universal Service Fund by the end of the year . Finally , he advocated for completing the rules for the AWS-4 spectrum band by September 2012 and conducting the broadcast spectrum incentive auctions by June 30 , 2014 . Pai wrote an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal in 2014 criticizing a proposed FCC study of the news-gathering practices of media organizations . In another 2014 letter , Pai criticized Netflix , writing that their Open Connect caching tools effectively secure fast lanes for its traffic . In October 2014 , Pai wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post criticizing a government-funded research project named Truthy at Indiana University which was studying the spread of false and misleading ideas , hate speech and subversive propaganda online . Pai questioned the value of the project , writing , should taxpayer money be used to monitor your speech and evaluate your partisanship ? Truthy researchers defended the project , writing , we do not monitor individual people . The tweets we analyze are public and accessible by anyone . Indiana University issued a press release which said the Truthy project is a basic computing research project designed to provide analytical insight into the ways in which information is spread across social media networks such as Twitter . U.S . House Science Committee Chairman Lamar Smith sent a letter to the National Science Foundation announcing a review of the grant . In 2017 , Pai removed from circulation a proposal introduced by Tom Wheeler which would have required cable providers to make their programming available on third-party devices . In June 2019 , the FCC under Pai allowed telecommunications companies to automatically sign up their users in call-blocking services . The measure was proposed by Pai ; he said that it would reduce unwanted robocalls . In response , FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel argued that the FCC should go further in mandating free call-blocking services . In July 2020 , the FCC under Pai approved the creation of a new number 9-8-8 , for the hotline for suicide prevention ; the old hotline was numbered 1-800-273-8255 , while the new hotline is mandated to be set up by July 2022 . Net neutrality in the United States . In a hearing on net neutrality in 2014 , Pai said that he was committed to a free and open internet and that it was not the FCCs role to determine net neutrality . He testified that a dispute this fundamental is not for us , five unelected individuals , to decide . Instead , it should be resolved by the peoples elected representatives , those who choose the direction of government , and those whom the American people can hold accountable for that choice . Later , Pai voted against the FCCs 2015 Open Internet Order , classifying internet service under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 , which bars certain providers from mak [ ing ] any unjust or unreasonable discrimination in charges , practices , classifications , regulations , facilities , or services . He said in December 2016 that he believed Title II net neutralitys days were numbered , and was described by the New York Times as a stickler for strict application of telecommunications law and limits on the FCCs authority . In a speech two weeks before the FCCs scheduled December 2017 vote on net neutrality , Pai was critical of celebrities including Cher , Mark Ruffalo , and Alyssa Milano for boosting opposition to the planned repeal . In response to criticism from Ruffalo , Pai said Getting rid of government authority over the Internet is the exact opposite of authoritarianism . Government control is the defining feature of authoritarians , including the one in North Korea . Pai said Twitter and other tech companies were hypocritical for arguing for a free and open internet while , according to Pai , such companies routinely block or discriminate against content they dont like . The day before the FCCs scheduled vote on net neutrality , Pai appeared in a video entitled Ajit Pai Wants The Internet To Know You Can Still Harlem Shake After Net Neutrality . The controversial video showed him dancing to the Harlem Shake and buying products online , including a toy lightsaber . In the video , Pai is shown dancing next to Martina Markota , a proponent of the Pizzagate conspiracy theory and a staff member at the Daily Caller , the media outlet that produced the video . In response to the video , Star Wars actor Mark Hamill said Pai was unworthy of holding the Jedi weapon , as a Jedi acts selflessly for the common man . Baauer , the creator of the song featured in the video , has threatened to take legal action against Pai alongside his record label for Pais use of the song in his video . As chairman , he also closed an investigation into zero-rating practices by wireless providers T-Mobile , AT&T , and Verizon . On May 18 , 2017 , the Federal Communications Commission took the first formal step toward dismantling the net neutrality rules , and on December 14 , 2017 , voted to reverse Title II regulations after a contentious public comment period . In February 2018 , the National Rifle Association ( NRA ) awarded Pai with the Charlton Heston Courage Under Fire Award for repealing net neutrality rules despite facing heavy public criticism . As part of the award , a handmade Kentucky long gun was gifted to Pai . This gift caused former White House ethics attorney Walter Shaub to question if Pai , a federal employee , had violated ethics rules by accepting gifts from lobbyists such as the NRA . When the U.S . Senate voted by 52–47 to put the Federal Communications Commissions net-neutrality rules back in place in May 2018 , Pai was said to be upset , stating having no net neutrality rules will help promote digital opportunity while making high-speed Internet access available to every single American . Regarding Democrats effort to reinstate heavy-handed government regulation of the Internet , Ajit Pai conceded it would fail in the House . During an investigation of fake comments in support and against net neutrality , Pai refused to hand over evidence or help New Yorks Attorney General in determining the scope of manipulation by ISPs of the public comment process . Prison inmate telephone calling costs . Pai argued against adoption of the FCC 2013 analysis and proposed rulemaking regarding the high cost of inmate telephone calls , referred to as Inmate Calling Service ( ICS ) by the FCC . He submitted his written dissent in which he argued that the nature of the exclusive single carrier contract between private ICS providers and prison administrators meant inmates cannot count on market competition to keep prices for inmate calling services just and reasonable . ( ICS has become a $1.2 billion telecommunications industry and the two largest providers in the United States were private equity-backed companies ) . Prior to the FCCs imposition of rate caps on interstate prison and jail phone calls in February 2014 , the largest ICS provider Global Tel-Link ( GTL ) – which has been profitably bought and sold by private equity firms such as American Securities and Veritas Capital – charged some of the highest rates in the US – up to $17.30 for a 15-minute call . The 2013 FCC analysis , described how , in some cases , long-distance calls are charged six times the rate on the outside . Acting Chairwoman Clyburn concurred with her order and both Jessica Rosenworcel and Pai dissented and issued statements . Pai opposed the FCC imposition of safe harbor of 12 cents with a cap of 21 cents on private ICS providers like GTL and CenturyLink Public Communications , arguing instead for a simple proposal to cap interstate rates , with one rate for jails and a lower rate for prisons that are cost-based to protect providers and ensure some return on investment . Pai also argued that the FCC was not well-equipped to micromanage rates at each and every prison . In 2015 , Pai opposed rate caps on intrastate inmate calls over which courts have ruled the FCC has no jurisdiction , notwithstanding rates as high as $14 per minute . He raised concerns about the increased use of contraband cell phones in prisons . In November 2016 , the ICS providers won a halt on the regulation rules . Pai criticized Democrats for appealing . Shortly after his January 23 confirmation as chairman , Pai withdrew support for the FCC case involving GTL and CenturyLink set for February 6 , 2017 , which had called for establishing FCC jurisdiction over rates set by states . In June 2017 , the US Court of Appeals struck down a large part of the FCCs ICS order . Lifeline program . In 2016 , Pai called for an investigation of potential fraud among beneficiaries of the agencys Lifeline subsidy for telecommunication services , contending that apparent duplicates who had signed up for the program improperly received $476 million annually . He rescinded permissions for nine new broadband providers selected by the previous FCC to participate in the program ( along with more than 900 others ) after becoming agency chairman , stating the new providers had not followed FCC guidelines requiring them to coordinate with the National Tribal Telecommunications Association in order to participate in the Lifeline program . Pai argued the rules had been improperly circumvented by the previous Democratic chairman , former lobbyist Tom Wheeler . Sinclair Broadcast Group . In November 2017 , two Democratic members of the U.S . House of Representatives , John Conyers ( Mich. ) and David Cicilline ( R.I. ) , asked David L . Hunt , the inspector general of the FCC , to investigate whether Pais legislative actions regarding the relaxation of broadcast ownership rules were biased in favor of Sinclair Broadcast Group , a large owner of broadcast television stations that , since the formation of its now-defunct News Central format in 2003 , produces conservative news and commentary segments that the group requires its stations to insert into certain local newscasts . The FCC , under Pai , undertook a number of actions that the legislators believe would benefit Sinclair – which has lobbied for such changes for several years – including rolling back certain broadcast television station ownership limitations ( including allowing exceptions to duopoly rules that forbid common ownership of two television stations in the same market if both are among the four highest-rated or if such a combination would dilute independent media voices , reinstating a 1985 discount quota on UHF stations repealed two years earlier by Wheeler and his Democratic-led majority , a requirement dating to the FCCs inception for broadcast outlets to maintain office operations within the community of their primary local coverage areas , and removing ownership attribution rules applying to joint sales and shared services agreements ) . A spokeswoman for Pai said the request appears to be part of many Democrats attempt to target one particular company because of its perceived political views.. . Any claim that Chairman Pai is modifying the rules now to benefit one particular company is completely baseless . From late 2017 , the FCC inspector generals office investigated Pai regarding the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger ; this was made publicly known in February 2018 . The office concluded in August 2018 that it found no evidence , nor even the suggestion , of impropriety , unscrupulous behavior , favoritism towards Sinclair , or lack of impartiality . The office also concluded that Pais decisions regarding Sinclair were consistent with policy positions he had previously endorsed in public . In July 2018 , the FCC under Pai ordered that the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger be subject to administrative law judge hearings , due to allegations that Sinclair was planning to illegally retain control of stations it was divesting from . For this action , the FCC was criticized by President Trump , who said he wanted a merged company providing a conservative voice . In August 2018 , Tribune broke off the merger . In May 2020 , the FCC under Pai reached an agreement for Sinclair to pay a record FCC fine of $48 million for deceptive practices , in return for ending three FCC investigations into the company . FCC Commissioners Jessica Rosenworcel and Geoffrey Starks argued against the agreement , as they wanted the investigations to be fully completed and made public . L-band 5G networking . On April 16 , 2020 , Pai asked the other FCC commissioners to approve an application to deploy a low-power terrestrial nationwide network in the L-Band that would primarily support 5G and Internet of Things services , in spite of a report issued by the DoD raising concerns about the potential impact it could have on the operational capabilities of the US military , specifically with regard to GPS coverage . Section 230 . On October 15 , 2020 , Pai released an official statement pledging that he would clarify Section 230 , a portion of the Communications Decency Act that provides immunity for website publishers of third-party content . President Donald Trump had previously threatened to punish Facebook and Twitter for alleged anti-conservative bias after the companies blocked a series of New York Post stories about the Hunter Biden email controversy . Under Section 230 , social media companies are granted First Amendment rights , but are legally distinct from press publications . Personal life . In 2010 , Pai married Janine Van Lancker , a physician and allergist . They have two children and live in Arlington , Virginia . In 2017 , Pai publicly complained that net neutrality protesters had targeted his family . Messages directed at his children were put up near his suburban Virginia home saying that They will come to know the truth . Dad murdered Democracy in cold blood and How will they ever look you in the eye again? . No group took responsibility for the provocative signs , though the advocacy organization Popular Resistance left flyers on Pais neighbors doors that included his picture , age , and weight as part of a campaign they called Ajit-ation . External links . - Biography at FCC
|
[
"Verizon"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ajit Varadaraj Pai ( ; born January 10 , 1973 ) is an American lawyer who served as chairman of the U.S . Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) from 2017 to 2021 . He has been a partner at the private-equity firm Searchlight Capital since April 2021 .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "The son of Indian immigrants to the United States , Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas . He is a graduate of both Harvard University and the University of Chicago Law School . He worked as a lawyer in various offices of the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Senate Judiciary Committee , with a two-year stint as an in-house lawyer for Verizon Communications . He joined the FCC as a lawyer in its Office of General Counsel in 2007 . He was nominated to be a commissioner in 2011 by President Barack Obama , who",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "followed tradition in preserving balance on the commission by accepting the recommendation of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the U.S . Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a five-year term .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "In January 2017 , newly inaugurated president Donald Trump designated Pai as FCC chairman . He is the first Indian American to hold the office . In March 2017 , Trump announced that he would renominate Pai to serve another five-year term ( remaining Chairman of the FCC ) . Pai was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for an additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . Pai is a proponent of repealing net neutrality in the United States and , on December 14 , 2017 , voted with the majority of the FCC to reverse the decision",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "to regulate the internet under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 . Pai resigned on January 20 , 2021 , the day of Joe Bidens inauguration as President of the United States .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Ajit Pai was born on January 10 , 1973 , in Buffalo , New York . His father , Varadaraj Pai , and his mother , Radha Pai , immigrated to the United States from India in 1971 . His father was a urologist and his mother was an anesthesiologist .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas , where his parents worked at the county hospital . He graduated from Parsons Senior High School in 1990 , then went to Harvard University where he was a member of the Harvard Speech and Parliamentary Debate Society . Pai graduated from Harvard in 1994 with an A.B . in social studies with honors . He then went to the University of Chicago Law School , where he was an editor of the University of Chicago Law Review and won a Mulroy Prize for excellence in evidence law . He graduated with a",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "J.D . in 1997 .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": " After law school , Pai clerked for Judge Martin Leach-Cross Feldman of the U.S . District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1997 to 1998 . Pai then worked for the Antitrust Division of the U.S . Department of Justice as an Honors Program trial attorney on the Telecommunications Task Force . There , he worked on proposed mergers and acquisitions and on novel requests for regulatory relief following the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Pai left his Department of Justice post in February 2001 to serve as Associate General Counsel at Verizon Communications Inc. , where he handled competition matters , regulatory issues , and counseling of business units on broadband initiatives . Pai left Verizon in April 2003 and was hired as Deputy Chief Counsel to the United States Senate Judiciary Committees Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts . He returned to the Department of Justice to serve as Senior Counsel in the Office of Legal Policy in May 2004 . He held that position until February 2005 , when he was",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "hired as Chief Counsel to the Subcommittee on the Constitution , Civil Rights , and Property Rights .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Between 2007 and 2011 , Pai held several positions in the FCCs Office of General Counsel , serving most prominently as Deputy General Counsel . In this role , he had supervisory responsibility over several dozen lawyers in the Administrative Law Division and worked on a wide variety of regulatory and transactional matters involving the wireless , wireline , cable , Internet , media , and satellite industries . In 2010 , Pai was one of 55 individuals nationwide chosen for the 2011 Marshall Memorial Fellowship , a leadership development initiative of the German Marshall Fund of the United States",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": ". Pai returned to the private sector in April 2011 , working in the Washington , D.C. , office of law firm Jenner & Block where he was a partner in the Communications Practice .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 2011 , Pai was then nominated for a Republican Party position on the Federal Communications Commission by President Barack Obama at the recommendation of Minority leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a term that concluded on June 30 , 2016 . Then Pai was designated chairman of the FCC by President Donald Trump in January 2017 for a five-year term . He was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for the additional five-year term on",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "October 2 , 2017 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2019 , he was named forty-seventh among the 100 Most Influential People in Healthcare by Modern Healthcare .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Pai was an advocate for less regulation during his tenure on the FCC . He is seen as a closer ally to broadcasters than to other members of the FCC . In testimony before the U.S . House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committees Subcommittee on Communications and Technology on July 10 , 2012 , he warned about the dangers of regulatory uncertainty and the need for the FCC to keep pace with the dynamic communications sector . Pai also asserted that by reforming the way the commission works , the agency can facilitate the provision of new and better",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "services at lower prices for American consumers .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Pai gave his first major speech since taking office on July 18 , 2012 , at Carnegie Mellon University . He discussed how the FCC can help promote economic growth and enhance job creation in the information and communications technology field by adhering to three basic principles : ( 1 ) the FCC should be as nimble as the industry it oversees ; ( 2 ) the FCC should prioritize the removal of regulatory barriers to infrastructure investment ; and ( 3 ) the FCC should accelerate its efforts to allocate additional spectrum for mobile broadband . Pai called for",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "a reinvigoration of Section 7 of the Communications Act , which gives the commission a one-year deadline to review proposals for new technologies and services . He introduced the idea of creating an IP Transition Task Force to expedite the countrys transition to all-IP networks . He urged the commission to settle the nine-year-old contributions reform proceeding for the Universal Service Fund by the end of the year . Finally , he advocated for completing the rules for the AWS-4 spectrum band by September 2012 and conducting the broadcast spectrum incentive auctions by June 30 , 2014 .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " Pai wrote an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal in 2014 criticizing a proposed FCC study of the news-gathering practices of media organizations . In another 2014 letter , Pai criticized Netflix , writing that their Open Connect caching tools effectively secure fast lanes for its traffic .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In October 2014 , Pai wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post criticizing a government-funded research project named Truthy at Indiana University which was studying the spread of false and misleading ideas , hate speech and subversive propaganda online . Pai questioned the value of the project , writing , should taxpayer money be used to monitor your speech and evaluate your partisanship ? Truthy researchers defended the project , writing , we do not monitor individual people . The tweets we analyze are public and accessible by anyone . Indiana University issued a press release which said the Truthy",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "project is a basic computing research project designed to provide analytical insight into the ways in which information is spread across social media networks such as Twitter . U.S . House Science Committee Chairman Lamar Smith sent a letter to the National Science Foundation announcing a review of the grant .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " In 2017 , Pai removed from circulation a proposal introduced by Tom Wheeler which would have required cable providers to make their programming available on third-party devices . In June 2019 , the FCC under Pai allowed telecommunications companies to automatically sign up their users in call-blocking services . The measure was proposed by Pai ; he said that it would reduce unwanted robocalls . In response , FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel argued that the FCC should go further in mandating free call-blocking services .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In July 2020 , the FCC under Pai approved the creation of a new number 9-8-8 , for the hotline for suicide prevention ; the old hotline was numbered 1-800-273-8255 , while the new hotline is mandated to be set up by July 2022 .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In a hearing on net neutrality in 2014 , Pai said that he was committed to a free and open internet and that it was not the FCCs role to determine net neutrality . He testified that a dispute this fundamental is not for us , five unelected individuals , to decide . Instead , it should be resolved by the peoples elected representatives , those who choose the direction of government , and those whom the American people can hold accountable for that choice . Later , Pai voted against the FCCs 2015 Open Internet Order , classifying internet",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "service under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 , which bars certain providers from mak [ ing ] any unjust or unreasonable discrimination in charges , practices , classifications , regulations , facilities , or services . He said in December 2016 that he believed Title II net neutralitys days were numbered , and was described by the New York Times as a stickler for strict application of telecommunications law and limits on the FCCs authority .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In a speech two weeks before the FCCs scheduled December 2017 vote on net neutrality , Pai was critical of celebrities including Cher , Mark Ruffalo , and Alyssa Milano for boosting opposition to the planned repeal . In response to criticism from Ruffalo , Pai said Getting rid of government authority over the Internet is the exact opposite of authoritarianism . Government control is the defining feature of authoritarians , including the one in North Korea . Pai said Twitter and other tech companies were hypocritical for arguing for a free and open internet while , according to Pai",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": ", such companies routinely block or discriminate against content they dont like .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "The day before the FCCs scheduled vote on net neutrality , Pai appeared in a video entitled Ajit Pai Wants The Internet To Know You Can Still Harlem Shake After Net Neutrality . The controversial video showed him dancing to the Harlem Shake and buying products online , including a toy lightsaber . In the video , Pai is shown dancing next to Martina Markota , a proponent of the Pizzagate conspiracy theory and a staff member at the Daily Caller , the media outlet that produced the video . In response to the video , Star Wars actor Mark",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Hamill said Pai was unworthy of holding the Jedi weapon , as a Jedi acts selflessly for the common man . Baauer , the creator of the song featured in the video , has threatened to take legal action against Pai alongside his record label for Pais use of the song in his video .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " As chairman , he also closed an investigation into zero-rating practices by wireless providers T-Mobile , AT&T , and Verizon . On May 18 , 2017 , the Federal Communications Commission took the first formal step toward dismantling the net neutrality rules , and on December 14 , 2017 , voted to reverse Title II regulations after a contentious public comment period .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In February 2018 , the National Rifle Association ( NRA ) awarded Pai with the Charlton Heston Courage Under Fire Award for repealing net neutrality rules despite facing heavy public criticism . As part of the award , a handmade Kentucky long gun was gifted to Pai . This gift caused former White House ethics attorney Walter Shaub to question if Pai , a federal employee , had violated ethics rules by accepting gifts from lobbyists such as the NRA .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " When the U.S . Senate voted by 52–47 to put the Federal Communications Commissions net-neutrality rules back in place in May 2018 , Pai was said to be upset , stating having no net neutrality rules will help promote digital opportunity while making high-speed Internet access available to every single American . Regarding Democrats effort to reinstate heavy-handed government regulation of the Internet , Ajit Pai conceded it would fail in the House .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "During an investigation of fake comments in support and against net neutrality , Pai refused to hand over evidence or help New Yorks Attorney General in determining the scope of manipulation by ISPs of the public comment process .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Pai argued against adoption of the FCC 2013 analysis and proposed rulemaking regarding the high cost of inmate telephone calls , referred to as Inmate Calling Service ( ICS ) by the FCC . He submitted his written dissent in which he argued that the nature of the exclusive single carrier contract between private ICS providers and prison administrators meant inmates cannot count on market competition to keep prices for inmate calling services just and reasonable . ( ICS has become a $1.2 billion telecommunications industry and the two largest providers in the United States were private equity-backed companies )",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": ". Prior to the FCCs imposition of rate caps on interstate prison and jail phone calls in February 2014 , the largest ICS provider Global Tel-Link ( GTL ) – which has been profitably bought and sold by private equity firms such as American Securities and Veritas Capital – charged some of the highest rates in the US – up to $17.30 for a 15-minute call . The 2013 FCC analysis , described how , in some cases , long-distance calls are charged six times the rate on the outside .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " Acting Chairwoman Clyburn concurred with her order and both Jessica Rosenworcel and Pai dissented and issued statements . Pai opposed the FCC imposition of safe harbor of 12 cents with a cap of 21 cents on private ICS providers like GTL and CenturyLink Public Communications , arguing instead for a simple proposal to cap interstate rates , with one rate for jails and a lower rate for prisons that are cost-based to protect providers and ensure some return on investment . Pai also argued that the FCC was not well-equipped to micromanage rates at each and every prison .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Pai opposed rate caps on intrastate inmate calls over which courts have ruled the FCC has no jurisdiction , notwithstanding rates as high as $14 per minute . He raised concerns about the increased use of contraband cell phones in prisons .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " In November 2016 , the ICS providers won a halt on the regulation rules . Pai criticized Democrats for appealing . Shortly after his January 23 confirmation as chairman , Pai withdrew support for the FCC case involving GTL and CenturyLink set for February 6 , 2017 , which had called for establishing FCC jurisdiction over rates set by states . In June 2017 , the US Court of Appeals struck down a large part of the FCCs ICS order .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Pai called for an investigation of potential fraud among beneficiaries of the agencys Lifeline subsidy for telecommunication services , contending that apparent duplicates who had signed up for the program improperly received $476 million annually . He rescinded permissions for nine new broadband providers selected by the previous FCC to participate in the program ( along with more than 900 others ) after becoming agency chairman , stating the new providers had not followed FCC guidelines requiring them to coordinate with the National Tribal Telecommunications Association in order to participate in the Lifeline program . Pai argued",
"title": "Lifeline program"
},
{
"text": "the rules had been improperly circumvented by the previous Democratic chairman , former lobbyist Tom Wheeler .",
"title": "Lifeline program"
},
{
"text": "In November 2017 , two Democratic members of the U.S . House of Representatives , John Conyers ( Mich. ) and David Cicilline ( R.I. ) , asked David L . Hunt , the inspector general of the FCC , to investigate whether Pais legislative actions regarding the relaxation of broadcast ownership rules were biased in favor of Sinclair Broadcast Group , a large owner of broadcast television stations that , since the formation of its now-defunct News Central format in 2003 , produces conservative news and commentary segments that the group requires its stations to insert into certain local",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "newscasts . The FCC , under Pai , undertook a number of actions that the legislators believe would benefit Sinclair – which has lobbied for such changes for several years – including rolling back certain broadcast television station ownership limitations ( including allowing exceptions to duopoly rules that forbid common ownership of two television stations in the same market if both are among the four highest-rated or if such a combination would dilute independent media voices , reinstating a 1985 discount quota on UHF stations repealed two years earlier by Wheeler and his Democratic-led majority , a requirement dating to",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "the FCCs inception for broadcast outlets to maintain office operations within the community of their primary local coverage areas , and removing ownership attribution rules applying to joint sales and shared services agreements ) . A spokeswoman for Pai said the request appears to be part of many Democrats attempt to target one particular company because of its perceived political views.. . Any claim that Chairman Pai is modifying the rules now to benefit one particular company is completely baseless .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " From late 2017 , the FCC inspector generals office investigated Pai regarding the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger ; this was made publicly known in February 2018 . The office concluded in August 2018 that it found no evidence , nor even the suggestion , of impropriety , unscrupulous behavior , favoritism towards Sinclair , or lack of impartiality . The office also concluded that Pais decisions regarding Sinclair were consistent with policy positions he had previously endorsed in public .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "In July 2018 , the FCC under Pai ordered that the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger be subject to administrative law judge hearings , due to allegations that Sinclair was planning to illegally retain control of stations it was divesting from . For this action , the FCC was criticized by President Trump , who said he wanted a merged company providing a conservative voice . In August 2018 , Tribune broke off the merger .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " In May 2020 , the FCC under Pai reached an agreement for Sinclair to pay a record FCC fine of $48 million for deceptive practices , in return for ending three FCC investigations into the company . FCC Commissioners Jessica Rosenworcel and Geoffrey Starks argued against the agreement , as they wanted the investigations to be fully completed and made public .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " On April 16 , 2020 , Pai asked the other FCC commissioners to approve an application to deploy a low-power terrestrial nationwide network in the L-Band that would primarily support 5G and Internet of Things services , in spite of a report issued by the DoD raising concerns about the potential impact it could have on the operational capabilities of the US military , specifically with regard to GPS coverage .",
"title": "L-band 5G networking"
},
{
"text": " On October 15 , 2020 , Pai released an official statement pledging that he would clarify Section 230 , a portion of the Communications Decency Act that provides immunity for website publishers of third-party content . President Donald Trump had previously threatened to punish Facebook and Twitter for alleged anti-conservative bias after the companies blocked a series of New York Post stories about the Hunter Biden email controversy . Under Section 230 , social media companies are granted First Amendment rights , but are legally distinct from press publications .",
"title": "Section 230"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Pai married Janine Van Lancker , a physician and allergist . They have two children and live in Arlington , Virginia .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Pai publicly complained that net neutrality protesters had targeted his family . Messages directed at his children were put up near his suburban Virginia home saying that They will come to know the truth . Dad murdered Democracy in cold blood and How will they ever look you in the eye again? . No group took responsibility for the provocative signs , though the advocacy organization Popular Resistance left flyers on Pais neighbors doors that included his picture , age , and weight as part of a campaign they called Ajit-ation .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Biography at FCC",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Ajit_Pai#P108#2
|
Which employer did Ajit Pai work for between Jul 2004 and Aug 2004?
|
Ajit Pai Ajit Varadaraj Pai ( ; born January 10 , 1973 ) is an American lawyer who served as chairman of the U.S . Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) from 2017 to 2021 . He has been a partner at the private-equity firm Searchlight Capital since April 2021 . The son of Indian immigrants to the United States , Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas . He is a graduate of both Harvard University and the University of Chicago Law School . He worked as a lawyer in various offices of the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Senate Judiciary Committee , with a two-year stint as an in-house lawyer for Verizon Communications . He joined the FCC as a lawyer in its Office of General Counsel in 2007 . He was nominated to be a commissioner in 2011 by President Barack Obama , who followed tradition in preserving balance on the commission by accepting the recommendation of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the U.S . Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a five-year term . In January 2017 , newly inaugurated president Donald Trump designated Pai as FCC chairman . He is the first Indian American to hold the office . In March 2017 , Trump announced that he would renominate Pai to serve another five-year term ( remaining Chairman of the FCC ) . Pai was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for an additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . Pai is a proponent of repealing net neutrality in the United States and , on December 14 , 2017 , voted with the majority of the FCC to reverse the decision to regulate the internet under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 . Pai resigned on January 20 , 2021 , the day of Joe Bidens inauguration as President of the United States . Early life and education . Ajit Pai was born on January 10 , 1973 , in Buffalo , New York . His father , Varadaraj Pai , and his mother , Radha Pai , immigrated to the United States from India in 1971 . His father was a urologist and his mother was an anesthesiologist . Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas , where his parents worked at the county hospital . He graduated from Parsons Senior High School in 1990 , then went to Harvard University where he was a member of the Harvard Speech and Parliamentary Debate Society . Pai graduated from Harvard in 1994 with an A.B . in social studies with honors . He then went to the University of Chicago Law School , where he was an editor of the University of Chicago Law Review and won a Mulroy Prize for excellence in evidence law . He graduated with a J.D . in 1997 . Career . After law school , Pai clerked for Judge Martin Leach-Cross Feldman of the U.S . District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1997 to 1998 . Pai then worked for the Antitrust Division of the U.S . Department of Justice as an Honors Program trial attorney on the Telecommunications Task Force . There , he worked on proposed mergers and acquisitions and on novel requests for regulatory relief following the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 . Pai left his Department of Justice post in February 2001 to serve as Associate General Counsel at Verizon Communications Inc. , where he handled competition matters , regulatory issues , and counseling of business units on broadband initiatives . Pai left Verizon in April 2003 and was hired as Deputy Chief Counsel to the United States Senate Judiciary Committees Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts . He returned to the Department of Justice to serve as Senior Counsel in the Office of Legal Policy in May 2004 . He held that position until February 2005 , when he was hired as Chief Counsel to the Subcommittee on the Constitution , Civil Rights , and Property Rights . Between 2007 and 2011 , Pai held several positions in the FCCs Office of General Counsel , serving most prominently as Deputy General Counsel . In this role , he had supervisory responsibility over several dozen lawyers in the Administrative Law Division and worked on a wide variety of regulatory and transactional matters involving the wireless , wireline , cable , Internet , media , and satellite industries . In 2010 , Pai was one of 55 individuals nationwide chosen for the 2011 Marshall Memorial Fellowship , a leadership development initiative of the German Marshall Fund of the United States . Pai returned to the private sector in April 2011 , working in the Washington , D.C. , office of law firm Jenner & Block where he was a partner in the Communications Practice . In 2011 , Pai was then nominated for a Republican Party position on the Federal Communications Commission by President Barack Obama at the recommendation of Minority leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a term that concluded on June 30 , 2016 . Then Pai was designated chairman of the FCC by President Donald Trump in January 2017 for a five-year term . He was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for the additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . In 2019 , he was named forty-seventh among the 100 Most Influential People in Healthcare by Modern Healthcare . Policy positions . Pai was an advocate for less regulation during his tenure on the FCC . He is seen as a closer ally to broadcasters than to other members of the FCC . In testimony before the U.S . House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committees Subcommittee on Communications and Technology on July 10 , 2012 , he warned about the dangers of regulatory uncertainty and the need for the FCC to keep pace with the dynamic communications sector . Pai also asserted that by reforming the way the commission works , the agency can facilitate the provision of new and better services at lower prices for American consumers . Pai gave his first major speech since taking office on July 18 , 2012 , at Carnegie Mellon University . He discussed how the FCC can help promote economic growth and enhance job creation in the information and communications technology field by adhering to three basic principles : ( 1 ) the FCC should be as nimble as the industry it oversees ; ( 2 ) the FCC should prioritize the removal of regulatory barriers to infrastructure investment ; and ( 3 ) the FCC should accelerate its efforts to allocate additional spectrum for mobile broadband . Pai called for a reinvigoration of Section 7 of the Communications Act , which gives the commission a one-year deadline to review proposals for new technologies and services . He introduced the idea of creating an IP Transition Task Force to expedite the countrys transition to all-IP networks . He urged the commission to settle the nine-year-old contributions reform proceeding for the Universal Service Fund by the end of the year . Finally , he advocated for completing the rules for the AWS-4 spectrum band by September 2012 and conducting the broadcast spectrum incentive auctions by June 30 , 2014 . Pai wrote an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal in 2014 criticizing a proposed FCC study of the news-gathering practices of media organizations . In another 2014 letter , Pai criticized Netflix , writing that their Open Connect caching tools effectively secure fast lanes for its traffic . In October 2014 , Pai wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post criticizing a government-funded research project named Truthy at Indiana University which was studying the spread of false and misleading ideas , hate speech and subversive propaganda online . Pai questioned the value of the project , writing , should taxpayer money be used to monitor your speech and evaluate your partisanship ? Truthy researchers defended the project , writing , we do not monitor individual people . The tweets we analyze are public and accessible by anyone . Indiana University issued a press release which said the Truthy project is a basic computing research project designed to provide analytical insight into the ways in which information is spread across social media networks such as Twitter . U.S . House Science Committee Chairman Lamar Smith sent a letter to the National Science Foundation announcing a review of the grant . In 2017 , Pai removed from circulation a proposal introduced by Tom Wheeler which would have required cable providers to make their programming available on third-party devices . In June 2019 , the FCC under Pai allowed telecommunications companies to automatically sign up their users in call-blocking services . The measure was proposed by Pai ; he said that it would reduce unwanted robocalls . In response , FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel argued that the FCC should go further in mandating free call-blocking services . In July 2020 , the FCC under Pai approved the creation of a new number 9-8-8 , for the hotline for suicide prevention ; the old hotline was numbered 1-800-273-8255 , while the new hotline is mandated to be set up by July 2022 . Net neutrality in the United States . In a hearing on net neutrality in 2014 , Pai said that he was committed to a free and open internet and that it was not the FCCs role to determine net neutrality . He testified that a dispute this fundamental is not for us , five unelected individuals , to decide . Instead , it should be resolved by the peoples elected representatives , those who choose the direction of government , and those whom the American people can hold accountable for that choice . Later , Pai voted against the FCCs 2015 Open Internet Order , classifying internet service under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 , which bars certain providers from mak [ ing ] any unjust or unreasonable discrimination in charges , practices , classifications , regulations , facilities , or services . He said in December 2016 that he believed Title II net neutralitys days were numbered , and was described by the New York Times as a stickler for strict application of telecommunications law and limits on the FCCs authority . In a speech two weeks before the FCCs scheduled December 2017 vote on net neutrality , Pai was critical of celebrities including Cher , Mark Ruffalo , and Alyssa Milano for boosting opposition to the planned repeal . In response to criticism from Ruffalo , Pai said Getting rid of government authority over the Internet is the exact opposite of authoritarianism . Government control is the defining feature of authoritarians , including the one in North Korea . Pai said Twitter and other tech companies were hypocritical for arguing for a free and open internet while , according to Pai , such companies routinely block or discriminate against content they dont like . The day before the FCCs scheduled vote on net neutrality , Pai appeared in a video entitled Ajit Pai Wants The Internet To Know You Can Still Harlem Shake After Net Neutrality . The controversial video showed him dancing to the Harlem Shake and buying products online , including a toy lightsaber . In the video , Pai is shown dancing next to Martina Markota , a proponent of the Pizzagate conspiracy theory and a staff member at the Daily Caller , the media outlet that produced the video . In response to the video , Star Wars actor Mark Hamill said Pai was unworthy of holding the Jedi weapon , as a Jedi acts selflessly for the common man . Baauer , the creator of the song featured in the video , has threatened to take legal action against Pai alongside his record label for Pais use of the song in his video . As chairman , he also closed an investigation into zero-rating practices by wireless providers T-Mobile , AT&T , and Verizon . On May 18 , 2017 , the Federal Communications Commission took the first formal step toward dismantling the net neutrality rules , and on December 14 , 2017 , voted to reverse Title II regulations after a contentious public comment period . In February 2018 , the National Rifle Association ( NRA ) awarded Pai with the Charlton Heston Courage Under Fire Award for repealing net neutrality rules despite facing heavy public criticism . As part of the award , a handmade Kentucky long gun was gifted to Pai . This gift caused former White House ethics attorney Walter Shaub to question if Pai , a federal employee , had violated ethics rules by accepting gifts from lobbyists such as the NRA . When the U.S . Senate voted by 52–47 to put the Federal Communications Commissions net-neutrality rules back in place in May 2018 , Pai was said to be upset , stating having no net neutrality rules will help promote digital opportunity while making high-speed Internet access available to every single American . Regarding Democrats effort to reinstate heavy-handed government regulation of the Internet , Ajit Pai conceded it would fail in the House . During an investigation of fake comments in support and against net neutrality , Pai refused to hand over evidence or help New Yorks Attorney General in determining the scope of manipulation by ISPs of the public comment process . Prison inmate telephone calling costs . Pai argued against adoption of the FCC 2013 analysis and proposed rulemaking regarding the high cost of inmate telephone calls , referred to as Inmate Calling Service ( ICS ) by the FCC . He submitted his written dissent in which he argued that the nature of the exclusive single carrier contract between private ICS providers and prison administrators meant inmates cannot count on market competition to keep prices for inmate calling services just and reasonable . ( ICS has become a $1.2 billion telecommunications industry and the two largest providers in the United States were private equity-backed companies ) . Prior to the FCCs imposition of rate caps on interstate prison and jail phone calls in February 2014 , the largest ICS provider Global Tel-Link ( GTL ) – which has been profitably bought and sold by private equity firms such as American Securities and Veritas Capital – charged some of the highest rates in the US – up to $17.30 for a 15-minute call . The 2013 FCC analysis , described how , in some cases , long-distance calls are charged six times the rate on the outside . Acting Chairwoman Clyburn concurred with her order and both Jessica Rosenworcel and Pai dissented and issued statements . Pai opposed the FCC imposition of safe harbor of 12 cents with a cap of 21 cents on private ICS providers like GTL and CenturyLink Public Communications , arguing instead for a simple proposal to cap interstate rates , with one rate for jails and a lower rate for prisons that are cost-based to protect providers and ensure some return on investment . Pai also argued that the FCC was not well-equipped to micromanage rates at each and every prison . In 2015 , Pai opposed rate caps on intrastate inmate calls over which courts have ruled the FCC has no jurisdiction , notwithstanding rates as high as $14 per minute . He raised concerns about the increased use of contraband cell phones in prisons . In November 2016 , the ICS providers won a halt on the regulation rules . Pai criticized Democrats for appealing . Shortly after his January 23 confirmation as chairman , Pai withdrew support for the FCC case involving GTL and CenturyLink set for February 6 , 2017 , which had called for establishing FCC jurisdiction over rates set by states . In June 2017 , the US Court of Appeals struck down a large part of the FCCs ICS order . Lifeline program . In 2016 , Pai called for an investigation of potential fraud among beneficiaries of the agencys Lifeline subsidy for telecommunication services , contending that apparent duplicates who had signed up for the program improperly received $476 million annually . He rescinded permissions for nine new broadband providers selected by the previous FCC to participate in the program ( along with more than 900 others ) after becoming agency chairman , stating the new providers had not followed FCC guidelines requiring them to coordinate with the National Tribal Telecommunications Association in order to participate in the Lifeline program . Pai argued the rules had been improperly circumvented by the previous Democratic chairman , former lobbyist Tom Wheeler . Sinclair Broadcast Group . In November 2017 , two Democratic members of the U.S . House of Representatives , John Conyers ( Mich. ) and David Cicilline ( R.I. ) , asked David L . Hunt , the inspector general of the FCC , to investigate whether Pais legislative actions regarding the relaxation of broadcast ownership rules were biased in favor of Sinclair Broadcast Group , a large owner of broadcast television stations that , since the formation of its now-defunct News Central format in 2003 , produces conservative news and commentary segments that the group requires its stations to insert into certain local newscasts . The FCC , under Pai , undertook a number of actions that the legislators believe would benefit Sinclair – which has lobbied for such changes for several years – including rolling back certain broadcast television station ownership limitations ( including allowing exceptions to duopoly rules that forbid common ownership of two television stations in the same market if both are among the four highest-rated or if such a combination would dilute independent media voices , reinstating a 1985 discount quota on UHF stations repealed two years earlier by Wheeler and his Democratic-led majority , a requirement dating to the FCCs inception for broadcast outlets to maintain office operations within the community of their primary local coverage areas , and removing ownership attribution rules applying to joint sales and shared services agreements ) . A spokeswoman for Pai said the request appears to be part of many Democrats attempt to target one particular company because of its perceived political views.. . Any claim that Chairman Pai is modifying the rules now to benefit one particular company is completely baseless . From late 2017 , the FCC inspector generals office investigated Pai regarding the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger ; this was made publicly known in February 2018 . The office concluded in August 2018 that it found no evidence , nor even the suggestion , of impropriety , unscrupulous behavior , favoritism towards Sinclair , or lack of impartiality . The office also concluded that Pais decisions regarding Sinclair were consistent with policy positions he had previously endorsed in public . In July 2018 , the FCC under Pai ordered that the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger be subject to administrative law judge hearings , due to allegations that Sinclair was planning to illegally retain control of stations it was divesting from . For this action , the FCC was criticized by President Trump , who said he wanted a merged company providing a conservative voice . In August 2018 , Tribune broke off the merger . In May 2020 , the FCC under Pai reached an agreement for Sinclair to pay a record FCC fine of $48 million for deceptive practices , in return for ending three FCC investigations into the company . FCC Commissioners Jessica Rosenworcel and Geoffrey Starks argued against the agreement , as they wanted the investigations to be fully completed and made public . L-band 5G networking . On April 16 , 2020 , Pai asked the other FCC commissioners to approve an application to deploy a low-power terrestrial nationwide network in the L-Band that would primarily support 5G and Internet of Things services , in spite of a report issued by the DoD raising concerns about the potential impact it could have on the operational capabilities of the US military , specifically with regard to GPS coverage . Section 230 . On October 15 , 2020 , Pai released an official statement pledging that he would clarify Section 230 , a portion of the Communications Decency Act that provides immunity for website publishers of third-party content . President Donald Trump had previously threatened to punish Facebook and Twitter for alleged anti-conservative bias after the companies blocked a series of New York Post stories about the Hunter Biden email controversy . Under Section 230 , social media companies are granted First Amendment rights , but are legally distinct from press publications . Personal life . In 2010 , Pai married Janine Van Lancker , a physician and allergist . They have two children and live in Arlington , Virginia . In 2017 , Pai publicly complained that net neutrality protesters had targeted his family . Messages directed at his children were put up near his suburban Virginia home saying that They will come to know the truth . Dad murdered Democracy in cold blood and How will they ever look you in the eye again? . No group took responsibility for the provocative signs , though the advocacy organization Popular Resistance left flyers on Pais neighbors doors that included his picture , age , and weight as part of a campaign they called Ajit-ation . External links . - Biography at FCC
|
[
"Office of Legal Policy"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ajit Varadaraj Pai ( ; born January 10 , 1973 ) is an American lawyer who served as chairman of the U.S . Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) from 2017 to 2021 . He has been a partner at the private-equity firm Searchlight Capital since April 2021 .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "The son of Indian immigrants to the United States , Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas . He is a graduate of both Harvard University and the University of Chicago Law School . He worked as a lawyer in various offices of the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Senate Judiciary Committee , with a two-year stint as an in-house lawyer for Verizon Communications . He joined the FCC as a lawyer in its Office of General Counsel in 2007 . He was nominated to be a commissioner in 2011 by President Barack Obama , who",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "followed tradition in preserving balance on the commission by accepting the recommendation of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the U.S . Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a five-year term .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "In January 2017 , newly inaugurated president Donald Trump designated Pai as FCC chairman . He is the first Indian American to hold the office . In March 2017 , Trump announced that he would renominate Pai to serve another five-year term ( remaining Chairman of the FCC ) . Pai was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for an additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . Pai is a proponent of repealing net neutrality in the United States and , on December 14 , 2017 , voted with the majority of the FCC to reverse the decision",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "to regulate the internet under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 . Pai resigned on January 20 , 2021 , the day of Joe Bidens inauguration as President of the United States .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Ajit Pai was born on January 10 , 1973 , in Buffalo , New York . His father , Varadaraj Pai , and his mother , Radha Pai , immigrated to the United States from India in 1971 . His father was a urologist and his mother was an anesthesiologist .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas , where his parents worked at the county hospital . He graduated from Parsons Senior High School in 1990 , then went to Harvard University where he was a member of the Harvard Speech and Parliamentary Debate Society . Pai graduated from Harvard in 1994 with an A.B . in social studies with honors . He then went to the University of Chicago Law School , where he was an editor of the University of Chicago Law Review and won a Mulroy Prize for excellence in evidence law . He graduated with a",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "J.D . in 1997 .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": " After law school , Pai clerked for Judge Martin Leach-Cross Feldman of the U.S . District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1997 to 1998 . Pai then worked for the Antitrust Division of the U.S . Department of Justice as an Honors Program trial attorney on the Telecommunications Task Force . There , he worked on proposed mergers and acquisitions and on novel requests for regulatory relief following the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Pai left his Department of Justice post in February 2001 to serve as Associate General Counsel at Verizon Communications Inc. , where he handled competition matters , regulatory issues , and counseling of business units on broadband initiatives . Pai left Verizon in April 2003 and was hired as Deputy Chief Counsel to the United States Senate Judiciary Committees Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts . He returned to the Department of Justice to serve as Senior Counsel in the Office of Legal Policy in May 2004 . He held that position until February 2005 , when he was",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "hired as Chief Counsel to the Subcommittee on the Constitution , Civil Rights , and Property Rights .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Between 2007 and 2011 , Pai held several positions in the FCCs Office of General Counsel , serving most prominently as Deputy General Counsel . In this role , he had supervisory responsibility over several dozen lawyers in the Administrative Law Division and worked on a wide variety of regulatory and transactional matters involving the wireless , wireline , cable , Internet , media , and satellite industries . In 2010 , Pai was one of 55 individuals nationwide chosen for the 2011 Marshall Memorial Fellowship , a leadership development initiative of the German Marshall Fund of the United States",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": ". Pai returned to the private sector in April 2011 , working in the Washington , D.C. , office of law firm Jenner & Block where he was a partner in the Communications Practice .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 2011 , Pai was then nominated for a Republican Party position on the Federal Communications Commission by President Barack Obama at the recommendation of Minority leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a term that concluded on June 30 , 2016 . Then Pai was designated chairman of the FCC by President Donald Trump in January 2017 for a five-year term . He was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for the additional five-year term on",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "October 2 , 2017 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2019 , he was named forty-seventh among the 100 Most Influential People in Healthcare by Modern Healthcare .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Pai was an advocate for less regulation during his tenure on the FCC . He is seen as a closer ally to broadcasters than to other members of the FCC . In testimony before the U.S . House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committees Subcommittee on Communications and Technology on July 10 , 2012 , he warned about the dangers of regulatory uncertainty and the need for the FCC to keep pace with the dynamic communications sector . Pai also asserted that by reforming the way the commission works , the agency can facilitate the provision of new and better",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "services at lower prices for American consumers .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Pai gave his first major speech since taking office on July 18 , 2012 , at Carnegie Mellon University . He discussed how the FCC can help promote economic growth and enhance job creation in the information and communications technology field by adhering to three basic principles : ( 1 ) the FCC should be as nimble as the industry it oversees ; ( 2 ) the FCC should prioritize the removal of regulatory barriers to infrastructure investment ; and ( 3 ) the FCC should accelerate its efforts to allocate additional spectrum for mobile broadband . Pai called for",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "a reinvigoration of Section 7 of the Communications Act , which gives the commission a one-year deadline to review proposals for new technologies and services . He introduced the idea of creating an IP Transition Task Force to expedite the countrys transition to all-IP networks . He urged the commission to settle the nine-year-old contributions reform proceeding for the Universal Service Fund by the end of the year . Finally , he advocated for completing the rules for the AWS-4 spectrum band by September 2012 and conducting the broadcast spectrum incentive auctions by June 30 , 2014 .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " Pai wrote an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal in 2014 criticizing a proposed FCC study of the news-gathering practices of media organizations . In another 2014 letter , Pai criticized Netflix , writing that their Open Connect caching tools effectively secure fast lanes for its traffic .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In October 2014 , Pai wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post criticizing a government-funded research project named Truthy at Indiana University which was studying the spread of false and misleading ideas , hate speech and subversive propaganda online . Pai questioned the value of the project , writing , should taxpayer money be used to monitor your speech and evaluate your partisanship ? Truthy researchers defended the project , writing , we do not monitor individual people . The tweets we analyze are public and accessible by anyone . Indiana University issued a press release which said the Truthy",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "project is a basic computing research project designed to provide analytical insight into the ways in which information is spread across social media networks such as Twitter . U.S . House Science Committee Chairman Lamar Smith sent a letter to the National Science Foundation announcing a review of the grant .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " In 2017 , Pai removed from circulation a proposal introduced by Tom Wheeler which would have required cable providers to make their programming available on third-party devices . In June 2019 , the FCC under Pai allowed telecommunications companies to automatically sign up their users in call-blocking services . The measure was proposed by Pai ; he said that it would reduce unwanted robocalls . In response , FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel argued that the FCC should go further in mandating free call-blocking services .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In July 2020 , the FCC under Pai approved the creation of a new number 9-8-8 , for the hotline for suicide prevention ; the old hotline was numbered 1-800-273-8255 , while the new hotline is mandated to be set up by July 2022 .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In a hearing on net neutrality in 2014 , Pai said that he was committed to a free and open internet and that it was not the FCCs role to determine net neutrality . He testified that a dispute this fundamental is not for us , five unelected individuals , to decide . Instead , it should be resolved by the peoples elected representatives , those who choose the direction of government , and those whom the American people can hold accountable for that choice . Later , Pai voted against the FCCs 2015 Open Internet Order , classifying internet",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "service under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 , which bars certain providers from mak [ ing ] any unjust or unreasonable discrimination in charges , practices , classifications , regulations , facilities , or services . He said in December 2016 that he believed Title II net neutralitys days were numbered , and was described by the New York Times as a stickler for strict application of telecommunications law and limits on the FCCs authority .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In a speech two weeks before the FCCs scheduled December 2017 vote on net neutrality , Pai was critical of celebrities including Cher , Mark Ruffalo , and Alyssa Milano for boosting opposition to the planned repeal . In response to criticism from Ruffalo , Pai said Getting rid of government authority over the Internet is the exact opposite of authoritarianism . Government control is the defining feature of authoritarians , including the one in North Korea . Pai said Twitter and other tech companies were hypocritical for arguing for a free and open internet while , according to Pai",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": ", such companies routinely block or discriminate against content they dont like .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "The day before the FCCs scheduled vote on net neutrality , Pai appeared in a video entitled Ajit Pai Wants The Internet To Know You Can Still Harlem Shake After Net Neutrality . The controversial video showed him dancing to the Harlem Shake and buying products online , including a toy lightsaber . In the video , Pai is shown dancing next to Martina Markota , a proponent of the Pizzagate conspiracy theory and a staff member at the Daily Caller , the media outlet that produced the video . In response to the video , Star Wars actor Mark",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Hamill said Pai was unworthy of holding the Jedi weapon , as a Jedi acts selflessly for the common man . Baauer , the creator of the song featured in the video , has threatened to take legal action against Pai alongside his record label for Pais use of the song in his video .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " As chairman , he also closed an investigation into zero-rating practices by wireless providers T-Mobile , AT&T , and Verizon . On May 18 , 2017 , the Federal Communications Commission took the first formal step toward dismantling the net neutrality rules , and on December 14 , 2017 , voted to reverse Title II regulations after a contentious public comment period .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In February 2018 , the National Rifle Association ( NRA ) awarded Pai with the Charlton Heston Courage Under Fire Award for repealing net neutrality rules despite facing heavy public criticism . As part of the award , a handmade Kentucky long gun was gifted to Pai . This gift caused former White House ethics attorney Walter Shaub to question if Pai , a federal employee , had violated ethics rules by accepting gifts from lobbyists such as the NRA .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " When the U.S . Senate voted by 52–47 to put the Federal Communications Commissions net-neutrality rules back in place in May 2018 , Pai was said to be upset , stating having no net neutrality rules will help promote digital opportunity while making high-speed Internet access available to every single American . Regarding Democrats effort to reinstate heavy-handed government regulation of the Internet , Ajit Pai conceded it would fail in the House .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "During an investigation of fake comments in support and against net neutrality , Pai refused to hand over evidence or help New Yorks Attorney General in determining the scope of manipulation by ISPs of the public comment process .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Pai argued against adoption of the FCC 2013 analysis and proposed rulemaking regarding the high cost of inmate telephone calls , referred to as Inmate Calling Service ( ICS ) by the FCC . He submitted his written dissent in which he argued that the nature of the exclusive single carrier contract between private ICS providers and prison administrators meant inmates cannot count on market competition to keep prices for inmate calling services just and reasonable . ( ICS has become a $1.2 billion telecommunications industry and the two largest providers in the United States were private equity-backed companies )",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": ". Prior to the FCCs imposition of rate caps on interstate prison and jail phone calls in February 2014 , the largest ICS provider Global Tel-Link ( GTL ) – which has been profitably bought and sold by private equity firms such as American Securities and Veritas Capital – charged some of the highest rates in the US – up to $17.30 for a 15-minute call . The 2013 FCC analysis , described how , in some cases , long-distance calls are charged six times the rate on the outside .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " Acting Chairwoman Clyburn concurred with her order and both Jessica Rosenworcel and Pai dissented and issued statements . Pai opposed the FCC imposition of safe harbor of 12 cents with a cap of 21 cents on private ICS providers like GTL and CenturyLink Public Communications , arguing instead for a simple proposal to cap interstate rates , with one rate for jails and a lower rate for prisons that are cost-based to protect providers and ensure some return on investment . Pai also argued that the FCC was not well-equipped to micromanage rates at each and every prison .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Pai opposed rate caps on intrastate inmate calls over which courts have ruled the FCC has no jurisdiction , notwithstanding rates as high as $14 per minute . He raised concerns about the increased use of contraband cell phones in prisons .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " In November 2016 , the ICS providers won a halt on the regulation rules . Pai criticized Democrats for appealing . Shortly after his January 23 confirmation as chairman , Pai withdrew support for the FCC case involving GTL and CenturyLink set for February 6 , 2017 , which had called for establishing FCC jurisdiction over rates set by states . In June 2017 , the US Court of Appeals struck down a large part of the FCCs ICS order .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Pai called for an investigation of potential fraud among beneficiaries of the agencys Lifeline subsidy for telecommunication services , contending that apparent duplicates who had signed up for the program improperly received $476 million annually . He rescinded permissions for nine new broadband providers selected by the previous FCC to participate in the program ( along with more than 900 others ) after becoming agency chairman , stating the new providers had not followed FCC guidelines requiring them to coordinate with the National Tribal Telecommunications Association in order to participate in the Lifeline program . Pai argued",
"title": "Lifeline program"
},
{
"text": "the rules had been improperly circumvented by the previous Democratic chairman , former lobbyist Tom Wheeler .",
"title": "Lifeline program"
},
{
"text": "In November 2017 , two Democratic members of the U.S . House of Representatives , John Conyers ( Mich. ) and David Cicilline ( R.I. ) , asked David L . Hunt , the inspector general of the FCC , to investigate whether Pais legislative actions regarding the relaxation of broadcast ownership rules were biased in favor of Sinclair Broadcast Group , a large owner of broadcast television stations that , since the formation of its now-defunct News Central format in 2003 , produces conservative news and commentary segments that the group requires its stations to insert into certain local",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "newscasts . The FCC , under Pai , undertook a number of actions that the legislators believe would benefit Sinclair – which has lobbied for such changes for several years – including rolling back certain broadcast television station ownership limitations ( including allowing exceptions to duopoly rules that forbid common ownership of two television stations in the same market if both are among the four highest-rated or if such a combination would dilute independent media voices , reinstating a 1985 discount quota on UHF stations repealed two years earlier by Wheeler and his Democratic-led majority , a requirement dating to",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "the FCCs inception for broadcast outlets to maintain office operations within the community of their primary local coverage areas , and removing ownership attribution rules applying to joint sales and shared services agreements ) . A spokeswoman for Pai said the request appears to be part of many Democrats attempt to target one particular company because of its perceived political views.. . Any claim that Chairman Pai is modifying the rules now to benefit one particular company is completely baseless .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " From late 2017 , the FCC inspector generals office investigated Pai regarding the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger ; this was made publicly known in February 2018 . The office concluded in August 2018 that it found no evidence , nor even the suggestion , of impropriety , unscrupulous behavior , favoritism towards Sinclair , or lack of impartiality . The office also concluded that Pais decisions regarding Sinclair were consistent with policy positions he had previously endorsed in public .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "In July 2018 , the FCC under Pai ordered that the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger be subject to administrative law judge hearings , due to allegations that Sinclair was planning to illegally retain control of stations it was divesting from . For this action , the FCC was criticized by President Trump , who said he wanted a merged company providing a conservative voice . In August 2018 , Tribune broke off the merger .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " In May 2020 , the FCC under Pai reached an agreement for Sinclair to pay a record FCC fine of $48 million for deceptive practices , in return for ending three FCC investigations into the company . FCC Commissioners Jessica Rosenworcel and Geoffrey Starks argued against the agreement , as they wanted the investigations to be fully completed and made public .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " On April 16 , 2020 , Pai asked the other FCC commissioners to approve an application to deploy a low-power terrestrial nationwide network in the L-Band that would primarily support 5G and Internet of Things services , in spite of a report issued by the DoD raising concerns about the potential impact it could have on the operational capabilities of the US military , specifically with regard to GPS coverage .",
"title": "L-band 5G networking"
},
{
"text": " On October 15 , 2020 , Pai released an official statement pledging that he would clarify Section 230 , a portion of the Communications Decency Act that provides immunity for website publishers of third-party content . President Donald Trump had previously threatened to punish Facebook and Twitter for alleged anti-conservative bias after the companies blocked a series of New York Post stories about the Hunter Biden email controversy . Under Section 230 , social media companies are granted First Amendment rights , but are legally distinct from press publications .",
"title": "Section 230"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Pai married Janine Van Lancker , a physician and allergist . They have two children and live in Arlington , Virginia .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Pai publicly complained that net neutrality protesters had targeted his family . Messages directed at his children were put up near his suburban Virginia home saying that They will come to know the truth . Dad murdered Democracy in cold blood and How will they ever look you in the eye again? . No group took responsibility for the provocative signs , though the advocacy organization Popular Resistance left flyers on Pais neighbors doors that included his picture , age , and weight as part of a campaign they called Ajit-ation .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Biography at FCC",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Ajit_Pai#P108#3
|
Which employer did Ajit Pai work for in Nov 2007?
|
Ajit Pai Ajit Varadaraj Pai ( ; born January 10 , 1973 ) is an American lawyer who served as chairman of the U.S . Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) from 2017 to 2021 . He has been a partner at the private-equity firm Searchlight Capital since April 2021 . The son of Indian immigrants to the United States , Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas . He is a graduate of both Harvard University and the University of Chicago Law School . He worked as a lawyer in various offices of the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Senate Judiciary Committee , with a two-year stint as an in-house lawyer for Verizon Communications . He joined the FCC as a lawyer in its Office of General Counsel in 2007 . He was nominated to be a commissioner in 2011 by President Barack Obama , who followed tradition in preserving balance on the commission by accepting the recommendation of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the U.S . Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a five-year term . In January 2017 , newly inaugurated president Donald Trump designated Pai as FCC chairman . He is the first Indian American to hold the office . In March 2017 , Trump announced that he would renominate Pai to serve another five-year term ( remaining Chairman of the FCC ) . Pai was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for an additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . Pai is a proponent of repealing net neutrality in the United States and , on December 14 , 2017 , voted with the majority of the FCC to reverse the decision to regulate the internet under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 . Pai resigned on January 20 , 2021 , the day of Joe Bidens inauguration as President of the United States . Early life and education . Ajit Pai was born on January 10 , 1973 , in Buffalo , New York . His father , Varadaraj Pai , and his mother , Radha Pai , immigrated to the United States from India in 1971 . His father was a urologist and his mother was an anesthesiologist . Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas , where his parents worked at the county hospital . He graduated from Parsons Senior High School in 1990 , then went to Harvard University where he was a member of the Harvard Speech and Parliamentary Debate Society . Pai graduated from Harvard in 1994 with an A.B . in social studies with honors . He then went to the University of Chicago Law School , where he was an editor of the University of Chicago Law Review and won a Mulroy Prize for excellence in evidence law . He graduated with a J.D . in 1997 . Career . After law school , Pai clerked for Judge Martin Leach-Cross Feldman of the U.S . District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1997 to 1998 . Pai then worked for the Antitrust Division of the U.S . Department of Justice as an Honors Program trial attorney on the Telecommunications Task Force . There , he worked on proposed mergers and acquisitions and on novel requests for regulatory relief following the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 . Pai left his Department of Justice post in February 2001 to serve as Associate General Counsel at Verizon Communications Inc. , where he handled competition matters , regulatory issues , and counseling of business units on broadband initiatives . Pai left Verizon in April 2003 and was hired as Deputy Chief Counsel to the United States Senate Judiciary Committees Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts . He returned to the Department of Justice to serve as Senior Counsel in the Office of Legal Policy in May 2004 . He held that position until February 2005 , when he was hired as Chief Counsel to the Subcommittee on the Constitution , Civil Rights , and Property Rights . Between 2007 and 2011 , Pai held several positions in the FCCs Office of General Counsel , serving most prominently as Deputy General Counsel . In this role , he had supervisory responsibility over several dozen lawyers in the Administrative Law Division and worked on a wide variety of regulatory and transactional matters involving the wireless , wireline , cable , Internet , media , and satellite industries . In 2010 , Pai was one of 55 individuals nationwide chosen for the 2011 Marshall Memorial Fellowship , a leadership development initiative of the German Marshall Fund of the United States . Pai returned to the private sector in April 2011 , working in the Washington , D.C. , office of law firm Jenner & Block where he was a partner in the Communications Practice . In 2011 , Pai was then nominated for a Republican Party position on the Federal Communications Commission by President Barack Obama at the recommendation of Minority leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a term that concluded on June 30 , 2016 . Then Pai was designated chairman of the FCC by President Donald Trump in January 2017 for a five-year term . He was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for the additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . In 2019 , he was named forty-seventh among the 100 Most Influential People in Healthcare by Modern Healthcare . Policy positions . Pai was an advocate for less regulation during his tenure on the FCC . He is seen as a closer ally to broadcasters than to other members of the FCC . In testimony before the U.S . House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committees Subcommittee on Communications and Technology on July 10 , 2012 , he warned about the dangers of regulatory uncertainty and the need for the FCC to keep pace with the dynamic communications sector . Pai also asserted that by reforming the way the commission works , the agency can facilitate the provision of new and better services at lower prices for American consumers . Pai gave his first major speech since taking office on July 18 , 2012 , at Carnegie Mellon University . He discussed how the FCC can help promote economic growth and enhance job creation in the information and communications technology field by adhering to three basic principles : ( 1 ) the FCC should be as nimble as the industry it oversees ; ( 2 ) the FCC should prioritize the removal of regulatory barriers to infrastructure investment ; and ( 3 ) the FCC should accelerate its efforts to allocate additional spectrum for mobile broadband . Pai called for a reinvigoration of Section 7 of the Communications Act , which gives the commission a one-year deadline to review proposals for new technologies and services . He introduced the idea of creating an IP Transition Task Force to expedite the countrys transition to all-IP networks . He urged the commission to settle the nine-year-old contributions reform proceeding for the Universal Service Fund by the end of the year . Finally , he advocated for completing the rules for the AWS-4 spectrum band by September 2012 and conducting the broadcast spectrum incentive auctions by June 30 , 2014 . Pai wrote an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal in 2014 criticizing a proposed FCC study of the news-gathering practices of media organizations . In another 2014 letter , Pai criticized Netflix , writing that their Open Connect caching tools effectively secure fast lanes for its traffic . In October 2014 , Pai wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post criticizing a government-funded research project named Truthy at Indiana University which was studying the spread of false and misleading ideas , hate speech and subversive propaganda online . Pai questioned the value of the project , writing , should taxpayer money be used to monitor your speech and evaluate your partisanship ? Truthy researchers defended the project , writing , we do not monitor individual people . The tweets we analyze are public and accessible by anyone . Indiana University issued a press release which said the Truthy project is a basic computing research project designed to provide analytical insight into the ways in which information is spread across social media networks such as Twitter . U.S . House Science Committee Chairman Lamar Smith sent a letter to the National Science Foundation announcing a review of the grant . In 2017 , Pai removed from circulation a proposal introduced by Tom Wheeler which would have required cable providers to make their programming available on third-party devices . In June 2019 , the FCC under Pai allowed telecommunications companies to automatically sign up their users in call-blocking services . The measure was proposed by Pai ; he said that it would reduce unwanted robocalls . In response , FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel argued that the FCC should go further in mandating free call-blocking services . In July 2020 , the FCC under Pai approved the creation of a new number 9-8-8 , for the hotline for suicide prevention ; the old hotline was numbered 1-800-273-8255 , while the new hotline is mandated to be set up by July 2022 . Net neutrality in the United States . In a hearing on net neutrality in 2014 , Pai said that he was committed to a free and open internet and that it was not the FCCs role to determine net neutrality . He testified that a dispute this fundamental is not for us , five unelected individuals , to decide . Instead , it should be resolved by the peoples elected representatives , those who choose the direction of government , and those whom the American people can hold accountable for that choice . Later , Pai voted against the FCCs 2015 Open Internet Order , classifying internet service under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 , which bars certain providers from mak [ ing ] any unjust or unreasonable discrimination in charges , practices , classifications , regulations , facilities , or services . He said in December 2016 that he believed Title II net neutralitys days were numbered , and was described by the New York Times as a stickler for strict application of telecommunications law and limits on the FCCs authority . In a speech two weeks before the FCCs scheduled December 2017 vote on net neutrality , Pai was critical of celebrities including Cher , Mark Ruffalo , and Alyssa Milano for boosting opposition to the planned repeal . In response to criticism from Ruffalo , Pai said Getting rid of government authority over the Internet is the exact opposite of authoritarianism . Government control is the defining feature of authoritarians , including the one in North Korea . Pai said Twitter and other tech companies were hypocritical for arguing for a free and open internet while , according to Pai , such companies routinely block or discriminate against content they dont like . The day before the FCCs scheduled vote on net neutrality , Pai appeared in a video entitled Ajit Pai Wants The Internet To Know You Can Still Harlem Shake After Net Neutrality . The controversial video showed him dancing to the Harlem Shake and buying products online , including a toy lightsaber . In the video , Pai is shown dancing next to Martina Markota , a proponent of the Pizzagate conspiracy theory and a staff member at the Daily Caller , the media outlet that produced the video . In response to the video , Star Wars actor Mark Hamill said Pai was unworthy of holding the Jedi weapon , as a Jedi acts selflessly for the common man . Baauer , the creator of the song featured in the video , has threatened to take legal action against Pai alongside his record label for Pais use of the song in his video . As chairman , he also closed an investigation into zero-rating practices by wireless providers T-Mobile , AT&T , and Verizon . On May 18 , 2017 , the Federal Communications Commission took the first formal step toward dismantling the net neutrality rules , and on December 14 , 2017 , voted to reverse Title II regulations after a contentious public comment period . In February 2018 , the National Rifle Association ( NRA ) awarded Pai with the Charlton Heston Courage Under Fire Award for repealing net neutrality rules despite facing heavy public criticism . As part of the award , a handmade Kentucky long gun was gifted to Pai . This gift caused former White House ethics attorney Walter Shaub to question if Pai , a federal employee , had violated ethics rules by accepting gifts from lobbyists such as the NRA . When the U.S . Senate voted by 52–47 to put the Federal Communications Commissions net-neutrality rules back in place in May 2018 , Pai was said to be upset , stating having no net neutrality rules will help promote digital opportunity while making high-speed Internet access available to every single American . Regarding Democrats effort to reinstate heavy-handed government regulation of the Internet , Ajit Pai conceded it would fail in the House . During an investigation of fake comments in support and against net neutrality , Pai refused to hand over evidence or help New Yorks Attorney General in determining the scope of manipulation by ISPs of the public comment process . Prison inmate telephone calling costs . Pai argued against adoption of the FCC 2013 analysis and proposed rulemaking regarding the high cost of inmate telephone calls , referred to as Inmate Calling Service ( ICS ) by the FCC . He submitted his written dissent in which he argued that the nature of the exclusive single carrier contract between private ICS providers and prison administrators meant inmates cannot count on market competition to keep prices for inmate calling services just and reasonable . ( ICS has become a $1.2 billion telecommunications industry and the two largest providers in the United States were private equity-backed companies ) . Prior to the FCCs imposition of rate caps on interstate prison and jail phone calls in February 2014 , the largest ICS provider Global Tel-Link ( GTL ) – which has been profitably bought and sold by private equity firms such as American Securities and Veritas Capital – charged some of the highest rates in the US – up to $17.30 for a 15-minute call . The 2013 FCC analysis , described how , in some cases , long-distance calls are charged six times the rate on the outside . Acting Chairwoman Clyburn concurred with her order and both Jessica Rosenworcel and Pai dissented and issued statements . Pai opposed the FCC imposition of safe harbor of 12 cents with a cap of 21 cents on private ICS providers like GTL and CenturyLink Public Communications , arguing instead for a simple proposal to cap interstate rates , with one rate for jails and a lower rate for prisons that are cost-based to protect providers and ensure some return on investment . Pai also argued that the FCC was not well-equipped to micromanage rates at each and every prison . In 2015 , Pai opposed rate caps on intrastate inmate calls over which courts have ruled the FCC has no jurisdiction , notwithstanding rates as high as $14 per minute . He raised concerns about the increased use of contraband cell phones in prisons . In November 2016 , the ICS providers won a halt on the regulation rules . Pai criticized Democrats for appealing . Shortly after his January 23 confirmation as chairman , Pai withdrew support for the FCC case involving GTL and CenturyLink set for February 6 , 2017 , which had called for establishing FCC jurisdiction over rates set by states . In June 2017 , the US Court of Appeals struck down a large part of the FCCs ICS order . Lifeline program . In 2016 , Pai called for an investigation of potential fraud among beneficiaries of the agencys Lifeline subsidy for telecommunication services , contending that apparent duplicates who had signed up for the program improperly received $476 million annually . He rescinded permissions for nine new broadband providers selected by the previous FCC to participate in the program ( along with more than 900 others ) after becoming agency chairman , stating the new providers had not followed FCC guidelines requiring them to coordinate with the National Tribal Telecommunications Association in order to participate in the Lifeline program . Pai argued the rules had been improperly circumvented by the previous Democratic chairman , former lobbyist Tom Wheeler . Sinclair Broadcast Group . In November 2017 , two Democratic members of the U.S . House of Representatives , John Conyers ( Mich. ) and David Cicilline ( R.I. ) , asked David L . Hunt , the inspector general of the FCC , to investigate whether Pais legislative actions regarding the relaxation of broadcast ownership rules were biased in favor of Sinclair Broadcast Group , a large owner of broadcast television stations that , since the formation of its now-defunct News Central format in 2003 , produces conservative news and commentary segments that the group requires its stations to insert into certain local newscasts . The FCC , under Pai , undertook a number of actions that the legislators believe would benefit Sinclair – which has lobbied for such changes for several years – including rolling back certain broadcast television station ownership limitations ( including allowing exceptions to duopoly rules that forbid common ownership of two television stations in the same market if both are among the four highest-rated or if such a combination would dilute independent media voices , reinstating a 1985 discount quota on UHF stations repealed two years earlier by Wheeler and his Democratic-led majority , a requirement dating to the FCCs inception for broadcast outlets to maintain office operations within the community of their primary local coverage areas , and removing ownership attribution rules applying to joint sales and shared services agreements ) . A spokeswoman for Pai said the request appears to be part of many Democrats attempt to target one particular company because of its perceived political views.. . Any claim that Chairman Pai is modifying the rules now to benefit one particular company is completely baseless . From late 2017 , the FCC inspector generals office investigated Pai regarding the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger ; this was made publicly known in February 2018 . The office concluded in August 2018 that it found no evidence , nor even the suggestion , of impropriety , unscrupulous behavior , favoritism towards Sinclair , or lack of impartiality . The office also concluded that Pais decisions regarding Sinclair were consistent with policy positions he had previously endorsed in public . In July 2018 , the FCC under Pai ordered that the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger be subject to administrative law judge hearings , due to allegations that Sinclair was planning to illegally retain control of stations it was divesting from . For this action , the FCC was criticized by President Trump , who said he wanted a merged company providing a conservative voice . In August 2018 , Tribune broke off the merger . In May 2020 , the FCC under Pai reached an agreement for Sinclair to pay a record FCC fine of $48 million for deceptive practices , in return for ending three FCC investigations into the company . FCC Commissioners Jessica Rosenworcel and Geoffrey Starks argued against the agreement , as they wanted the investigations to be fully completed and made public . L-band 5G networking . On April 16 , 2020 , Pai asked the other FCC commissioners to approve an application to deploy a low-power terrestrial nationwide network in the L-Band that would primarily support 5G and Internet of Things services , in spite of a report issued by the DoD raising concerns about the potential impact it could have on the operational capabilities of the US military , specifically with regard to GPS coverage . Section 230 . On October 15 , 2020 , Pai released an official statement pledging that he would clarify Section 230 , a portion of the Communications Decency Act that provides immunity for website publishers of third-party content . President Donald Trump had previously threatened to punish Facebook and Twitter for alleged anti-conservative bias after the companies blocked a series of New York Post stories about the Hunter Biden email controversy . Under Section 230 , social media companies are granted First Amendment rights , but are legally distinct from press publications . Personal life . In 2010 , Pai married Janine Van Lancker , a physician and allergist . They have two children and live in Arlington , Virginia . In 2017 , Pai publicly complained that net neutrality protesters had targeted his family . Messages directed at his children were put up near his suburban Virginia home saying that They will come to know the truth . Dad murdered Democracy in cold blood and How will they ever look you in the eye again? . No group took responsibility for the provocative signs , though the advocacy organization Popular Resistance left flyers on Pais neighbors doors that included his picture , age , and weight as part of a campaign they called Ajit-ation . External links . - Biography at FCC
|
[
"FCC Commissioners"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ajit Varadaraj Pai ( ; born January 10 , 1973 ) is an American lawyer who served as chairman of the U.S . Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) from 2017 to 2021 . He has been a partner at the private-equity firm Searchlight Capital since April 2021 .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "The son of Indian immigrants to the United States , Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas . He is a graduate of both Harvard University and the University of Chicago Law School . He worked as a lawyer in various offices of the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Senate Judiciary Committee , with a two-year stint as an in-house lawyer for Verizon Communications . He joined the FCC as a lawyer in its Office of General Counsel in 2007 . He was nominated to be a commissioner in 2011 by President Barack Obama , who",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "followed tradition in preserving balance on the commission by accepting the recommendation of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the U.S . Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a five-year term .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "In January 2017 , newly inaugurated president Donald Trump designated Pai as FCC chairman . He is the first Indian American to hold the office . In March 2017 , Trump announced that he would renominate Pai to serve another five-year term ( remaining Chairman of the FCC ) . Pai was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for an additional five-year term on October 2 , 2017 . Pai is a proponent of repealing net neutrality in the United States and , on December 14 , 2017 , voted with the majority of the FCC to reverse the decision",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "to regulate the internet under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 . Pai resigned on January 20 , 2021 , the day of Joe Bidens inauguration as President of the United States .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Ajit Pai was born on January 10 , 1973 , in Buffalo , New York . His father , Varadaraj Pai , and his mother , Radha Pai , immigrated to the United States from India in 1971 . His father was a urologist and his mother was an anesthesiologist .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "Pai grew up in Parsons , Kansas , where his parents worked at the county hospital . He graduated from Parsons Senior High School in 1990 , then went to Harvard University where he was a member of the Harvard Speech and Parliamentary Debate Society . Pai graduated from Harvard in 1994 with an A.B . in social studies with honors . He then went to the University of Chicago Law School , where he was an editor of the University of Chicago Law Review and won a Mulroy Prize for excellence in evidence law . He graduated with a",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": "J.D . in 1997 .",
"title": "Ajit Pai"
},
{
"text": " After law school , Pai clerked for Judge Martin Leach-Cross Feldman of the U.S . District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1997 to 1998 . Pai then worked for the Antitrust Division of the U.S . Department of Justice as an Honors Program trial attorney on the Telecommunications Task Force . There , he worked on proposed mergers and acquisitions and on novel requests for regulatory relief following the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Pai left his Department of Justice post in February 2001 to serve as Associate General Counsel at Verizon Communications Inc. , where he handled competition matters , regulatory issues , and counseling of business units on broadband initiatives . Pai left Verizon in April 2003 and was hired as Deputy Chief Counsel to the United States Senate Judiciary Committees Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts . He returned to the Department of Justice to serve as Senior Counsel in the Office of Legal Policy in May 2004 . He held that position until February 2005 , when he was",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "hired as Chief Counsel to the Subcommittee on the Constitution , Civil Rights , and Property Rights .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Between 2007 and 2011 , Pai held several positions in the FCCs Office of General Counsel , serving most prominently as Deputy General Counsel . In this role , he had supervisory responsibility over several dozen lawyers in the Administrative Law Division and worked on a wide variety of regulatory and transactional matters involving the wireless , wireline , cable , Internet , media , and satellite industries . In 2010 , Pai was one of 55 individuals nationwide chosen for the 2011 Marshall Memorial Fellowship , a leadership development initiative of the German Marshall Fund of the United States",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": ". Pai returned to the private sector in April 2011 , working in the Washington , D.C. , office of law firm Jenner & Block where he was a partner in the Communications Practice .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 2011 , Pai was then nominated for a Republican Party position on the Federal Communications Commission by President Barack Obama at the recommendation of Minority leader Mitch McConnell . He was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on May 7 , 2012 , and was sworn in on May 14 , 2012 , for a term that concluded on June 30 , 2016 . Then Pai was designated chairman of the FCC by President Donald Trump in January 2017 for a five-year term . He was confirmed by the U.S . Senate for the additional five-year term on",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "October 2 , 2017 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2019 , he was named forty-seventh among the 100 Most Influential People in Healthcare by Modern Healthcare .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Pai was an advocate for less regulation during his tenure on the FCC . He is seen as a closer ally to broadcasters than to other members of the FCC . In testimony before the U.S . House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committees Subcommittee on Communications and Technology on July 10 , 2012 , he warned about the dangers of regulatory uncertainty and the need for the FCC to keep pace with the dynamic communications sector . Pai also asserted that by reforming the way the commission works , the agency can facilitate the provision of new and better",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "services at lower prices for American consumers .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Pai gave his first major speech since taking office on July 18 , 2012 , at Carnegie Mellon University . He discussed how the FCC can help promote economic growth and enhance job creation in the information and communications technology field by adhering to three basic principles : ( 1 ) the FCC should be as nimble as the industry it oversees ; ( 2 ) the FCC should prioritize the removal of regulatory barriers to infrastructure investment ; and ( 3 ) the FCC should accelerate its efforts to allocate additional spectrum for mobile broadband . Pai called for",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "a reinvigoration of Section 7 of the Communications Act , which gives the commission a one-year deadline to review proposals for new technologies and services . He introduced the idea of creating an IP Transition Task Force to expedite the countrys transition to all-IP networks . He urged the commission to settle the nine-year-old contributions reform proceeding for the Universal Service Fund by the end of the year . Finally , he advocated for completing the rules for the AWS-4 spectrum band by September 2012 and conducting the broadcast spectrum incentive auctions by June 30 , 2014 .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " Pai wrote an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal in 2014 criticizing a proposed FCC study of the news-gathering practices of media organizations . In another 2014 letter , Pai criticized Netflix , writing that their Open Connect caching tools effectively secure fast lanes for its traffic .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In October 2014 , Pai wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post criticizing a government-funded research project named Truthy at Indiana University which was studying the spread of false and misleading ideas , hate speech and subversive propaganda online . Pai questioned the value of the project , writing , should taxpayer money be used to monitor your speech and evaluate your partisanship ? Truthy researchers defended the project , writing , we do not monitor individual people . The tweets we analyze are public and accessible by anyone . Indiana University issued a press release which said the Truthy",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "project is a basic computing research project designed to provide analytical insight into the ways in which information is spread across social media networks such as Twitter . U.S . House Science Committee Chairman Lamar Smith sent a letter to the National Science Foundation announcing a review of the grant .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " In 2017 , Pai removed from circulation a proposal introduced by Tom Wheeler which would have required cable providers to make their programming available on third-party devices . In June 2019 , the FCC under Pai allowed telecommunications companies to automatically sign up their users in call-blocking services . The measure was proposed by Pai ; he said that it would reduce unwanted robocalls . In response , FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel argued that the FCC should go further in mandating free call-blocking services .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In July 2020 , the FCC under Pai approved the creation of a new number 9-8-8 , for the hotline for suicide prevention ; the old hotline was numbered 1-800-273-8255 , while the new hotline is mandated to be set up by July 2022 .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In a hearing on net neutrality in 2014 , Pai said that he was committed to a free and open internet and that it was not the FCCs role to determine net neutrality . He testified that a dispute this fundamental is not for us , five unelected individuals , to decide . Instead , it should be resolved by the peoples elected representatives , those who choose the direction of government , and those whom the American people can hold accountable for that choice . Later , Pai voted against the FCCs 2015 Open Internet Order , classifying internet",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "service under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 , which bars certain providers from mak [ ing ] any unjust or unreasonable discrimination in charges , practices , classifications , regulations , facilities , or services . He said in December 2016 that he believed Title II net neutralitys days were numbered , and was described by the New York Times as a stickler for strict application of telecommunications law and limits on the FCCs authority .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In a speech two weeks before the FCCs scheduled December 2017 vote on net neutrality , Pai was critical of celebrities including Cher , Mark Ruffalo , and Alyssa Milano for boosting opposition to the planned repeal . In response to criticism from Ruffalo , Pai said Getting rid of government authority over the Internet is the exact opposite of authoritarianism . Government control is the defining feature of authoritarians , including the one in North Korea . Pai said Twitter and other tech companies were hypocritical for arguing for a free and open internet while , according to Pai",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": ", such companies routinely block or discriminate against content they dont like .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "The day before the FCCs scheduled vote on net neutrality , Pai appeared in a video entitled Ajit Pai Wants The Internet To Know You Can Still Harlem Shake After Net Neutrality . The controversial video showed him dancing to the Harlem Shake and buying products online , including a toy lightsaber . In the video , Pai is shown dancing next to Martina Markota , a proponent of the Pizzagate conspiracy theory and a staff member at the Daily Caller , the media outlet that produced the video . In response to the video , Star Wars actor Mark",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Hamill said Pai was unworthy of holding the Jedi weapon , as a Jedi acts selflessly for the common man . Baauer , the creator of the song featured in the video , has threatened to take legal action against Pai alongside his record label for Pais use of the song in his video .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " As chairman , he also closed an investigation into zero-rating practices by wireless providers T-Mobile , AT&T , and Verizon . On May 18 , 2017 , the Federal Communications Commission took the first formal step toward dismantling the net neutrality rules , and on December 14 , 2017 , voted to reverse Title II regulations after a contentious public comment period .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In February 2018 , the National Rifle Association ( NRA ) awarded Pai with the Charlton Heston Courage Under Fire Award for repealing net neutrality rules despite facing heavy public criticism . As part of the award , a handmade Kentucky long gun was gifted to Pai . This gift caused former White House ethics attorney Walter Shaub to question if Pai , a federal employee , had violated ethics rules by accepting gifts from lobbyists such as the NRA .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " When the U.S . Senate voted by 52–47 to put the Federal Communications Commissions net-neutrality rules back in place in May 2018 , Pai was said to be upset , stating having no net neutrality rules will help promote digital opportunity while making high-speed Internet access available to every single American . Regarding Democrats effort to reinstate heavy-handed government regulation of the Internet , Ajit Pai conceded it would fail in the House .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "During an investigation of fake comments in support and against net neutrality , Pai refused to hand over evidence or help New Yorks Attorney General in determining the scope of manipulation by ISPs of the public comment process .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "Pai argued against adoption of the FCC 2013 analysis and proposed rulemaking regarding the high cost of inmate telephone calls , referred to as Inmate Calling Service ( ICS ) by the FCC . He submitted his written dissent in which he argued that the nature of the exclusive single carrier contract between private ICS providers and prison administrators meant inmates cannot count on market competition to keep prices for inmate calling services just and reasonable . ( ICS has become a $1.2 billion telecommunications industry and the two largest providers in the United States were private equity-backed companies )",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": ". Prior to the FCCs imposition of rate caps on interstate prison and jail phone calls in February 2014 , the largest ICS provider Global Tel-Link ( GTL ) – which has been profitably bought and sold by private equity firms such as American Securities and Veritas Capital – charged some of the highest rates in the US – up to $17.30 for a 15-minute call . The 2013 FCC analysis , described how , in some cases , long-distance calls are charged six times the rate on the outside .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " Acting Chairwoman Clyburn concurred with her order and both Jessica Rosenworcel and Pai dissented and issued statements . Pai opposed the FCC imposition of safe harbor of 12 cents with a cap of 21 cents on private ICS providers like GTL and CenturyLink Public Communications , arguing instead for a simple proposal to cap interstate rates , with one rate for jails and a lower rate for prisons that are cost-based to protect providers and ensure some return on investment . Pai also argued that the FCC was not well-equipped to micromanage rates at each and every prison .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Pai opposed rate caps on intrastate inmate calls over which courts have ruled the FCC has no jurisdiction , notwithstanding rates as high as $14 per minute . He raised concerns about the increased use of contraband cell phones in prisons .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": " In November 2016 , the ICS providers won a halt on the regulation rules . Pai criticized Democrats for appealing . Shortly after his January 23 confirmation as chairman , Pai withdrew support for the FCC case involving GTL and CenturyLink set for February 6 , 2017 , which had called for establishing FCC jurisdiction over rates set by states . In June 2017 , the US Court of Appeals struck down a large part of the FCCs ICS order .",
"title": "Policy positions"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Pai called for an investigation of potential fraud among beneficiaries of the agencys Lifeline subsidy for telecommunication services , contending that apparent duplicates who had signed up for the program improperly received $476 million annually . He rescinded permissions for nine new broadband providers selected by the previous FCC to participate in the program ( along with more than 900 others ) after becoming agency chairman , stating the new providers had not followed FCC guidelines requiring them to coordinate with the National Tribal Telecommunications Association in order to participate in the Lifeline program . Pai argued",
"title": "Lifeline program"
},
{
"text": "the rules had been improperly circumvented by the previous Democratic chairman , former lobbyist Tom Wheeler .",
"title": "Lifeline program"
},
{
"text": "In November 2017 , two Democratic members of the U.S . House of Representatives , John Conyers ( Mich. ) and David Cicilline ( R.I. ) , asked David L . Hunt , the inspector general of the FCC , to investigate whether Pais legislative actions regarding the relaxation of broadcast ownership rules were biased in favor of Sinclair Broadcast Group , a large owner of broadcast television stations that , since the formation of its now-defunct News Central format in 2003 , produces conservative news and commentary segments that the group requires its stations to insert into certain local",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "newscasts . The FCC , under Pai , undertook a number of actions that the legislators believe would benefit Sinclair – which has lobbied for such changes for several years – including rolling back certain broadcast television station ownership limitations ( including allowing exceptions to duopoly rules that forbid common ownership of two television stations in the same market if both are among the four highest-rated or if such a combination would dilute independent media voices , reinstating a 1985 discount quota on UHF stations repealed two years earlier by Wheeler and his Democratic-led majority , a requirement dating to",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "the FCCs inception for broadcast outlets to maintain office operations within the community of their primary local coverage areas , and removing ownership attribution rules applying to joint sales and shared services agreements ) . A spokeswoman for Pai said the request appears to be part of many Democrats attempt to target one particular company because of its perceived political views.. . Any claim that Chairman Pai is modifying the rules now to benefit one particular company is completely baseless .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " From late 2017 , the FCC inspector generals office investigated Pai regarding the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger ; this was made publicly known in February 2018 . The office concluded in August 2018 that it found no evidence , nor even the suggestion , of impropriety , unscrupulous behavior , favoritism towards Sinclair , or lack of impartiality . The office also concluded that Pais decisions regarding Sinclair were consistent with policy positions he had previously endorsed in public .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": "In July 2018 , the FCC under Pai ordered that the proposed Sinclair-Tribune merger be subject to administrative law judge hearings , due to allegations that Sinclair was planning to illegally retain control of stations it was divesting from . For this action , the FCC was criticized by President Trump , who said he wanted a merged company providing a conservative voice . In August 2018 , Tribune broke off the merger .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " In May 2020 , the FCC under Pai reached an agreement for Sinclair to pay a record FCC fine of $48 million for deceptive practices , in return for ending three FCC investigations into the company . FCC Commissioners Jessica Rosenworcel and Geoffrey Starks argued against the agreement , as they wanted the investigations to be fully completed and made public .",
"title": "Sinclair Broadcast Group"
},
{
"text": " On April 16 , 2020 , Pai asked the other FCC commissioners to approve an application to deploy a low-power terrestrial nationwide network in the L-Band that would primarily support 5G and Internet of Things services , in spite of a report issued by the DoD raising concerns about the potential impact it could have on the operational capabilities of the US military , specifically with regard to GPS coverage .",
"title": "L-band 5G networking"
},
{
"text": " On October 15 , 2020 , Pai released an official statement pledging that he would clarify Section 230 , a portion of the Communications Decency Act that provides immunity for website publishers of third-party content . President Donald Trump had previously threatened to punish Facebook and Twitter for alleged anti-conservative bias after the companies blocked a series of New York Post stories about the Hunter Biden email controversy . Under Section 230 , social media companies are granted First Amendment rights , but are legally distinct from press publications .",
"title": "Section 230"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Pai married Janine Van Lancker , a physician and allergist . They have two children and live in Arlington , Virginia .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Pai publicly complained that net neutrality protesters had targeted his family . Messages directed at his children were put up near his suburban Virginia home saying that They will come to know the truth . Dad murdered Democracy in cold blood and How will they ever look you in the eye again? . No group took responsibility for the provocative signs , though the advocacy organization Popular Resistance left flyers on Pais neighbors doors that included his picture , age , and weight as part of a campaign they called Ajit-ation .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Biography at FCC",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Bruce_Billson#P39#0
|
What was the position of Bruce Billson in early 2000s?
|
Bruce Billson Bruce Frederick Billson ( born 26 January 1966 ) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016 . Billson served as the Minister for Small Business from September 2013 to September 2015 . Early life and education . Billson was born in Albury , New South Wales , and moved to Seaford , Victoria as a child . He was educated at Monterey High School in Frankston North and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings , a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources , and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment , Senator Rod Kemp , before entering politics . Career . Ministerial roles . Billson was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2004 . In 2005 , he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs , and , in 2006 , he was promoted to Minister for Veterans Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election . In 2007 , he was appointed Shadow Minister for Broadband , Communications and the Digital Economy . In 2009 , he was then appointed the Shadow Minister for Sustainable Development and Cities . and after the 2010 election he was appointed Shadow Minister for Small Business , Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs . Following the 2013 election he was sworn into the cabinet as the Minister for Small Business . Retirement from politics . Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister , Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government . On 24 November 2015 , he announced he would retire from politics at the 2016 federal election . He is currently serving as the executive chairman of the Franchise Council of Australia . In August 2017 , Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement , which he had not declared on the register of members interests . Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission , but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest . Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines , an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA , and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament . The Committees report stated that Billsons decision to accept the role with FCA while he was a member falls below the standards expected of a member of the house . On 27 March the House of Representatives passed a motion censuring Billson . Beginning 11 March 2021 he took up a government role as the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman , replacing Kate Carnell . The news site Crikey noted that the role of Small Business Ombudsman had been initially created by Billson while he was the Minister for Small Business . Board Roles . Executive Chair - Franchise Council of Australia Independent Non Executive Director - Judo Capital Personal life . He is married to Kate and has four children : Alexander , Zoe , Madeline and Isabella .
|
[
"member of the Australian House of Representatives"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bruce Frederick Billson ( born 26 January 1966 ) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016 . Billson served as the Minister for Small Business from September 2013 to September 2015 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Bruce Billson"
},
{
"text": "Billson was born in Albury , New South Wales , and moved to Seaford , Victoria as a child . He was educated at Monterey High School in Frankston North and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings , a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources , and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment , Senator Rod Kemp , before entering politics .",
"title": "Bruce Billson"
},
{
"text": " Billson was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2004 . In 2005 , he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs , and , in 2006 , he was promoted to Minister for Veterans Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , he was appointed Shadow Minister for Broadband , Communications and the Digital Economy . In 2009 , he was then appointed the Shadow Minister for Sustainable Development and Cities . and after the 2010 election he was appointed Shadow Minister for Small Business , Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": " Following the 2013 election he was sworn into the cabinet as the Minister for Small Business .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": " Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister , Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government . On 24 November 2015 , he announced he would retire from politics at the 2016 federal election .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": "He is currently serving as the executive chairman of the Franchise Council of Australia . In August 2017 , Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement , which he had not declared on the register of members interests . Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission , but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": " Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines , an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA , and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament . The Committees report stated that Billsons decision to accept the role with FCA while he was a member falls below the standards expected of a member of the house . On 27 March the House of Representatives passed a motion censuring Billson .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": "Beginning 11 March 2021 he took up a government role as the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman , replacing Kate Carnell . The news site Crikey noted that the role of Small Business Ombudsman had been initially created by Billson while he was the Minister for Small Business .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": " He is married to Kate and has four children : Alexander , Zoe , Madeline and Isabella .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Bruce_Billson#P39#1
|
What was the position of Bruce Billson in May 2007?
|
Bruce Billson Bruce Frederick Billson ( born 26 January 1966 ) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016 . Billson served as the Minister for Small Business from September 2013 to September 2015 . Early life and education . Billson was born in Albury , New South Wales , and moved to Seaford , Victoria as a child . He was educated at Monterey High School in Frankston North and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings , a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources , and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment , Senator Rod Kemp , before entering politics . Career . Ministerial roles . Billson was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2004 . In 2005 , he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs , and , in 2006 , he was promoted to Minister for Veterans Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election . In 2007 , he was appointed Shadow Minister for Broadband , Communications and the Digital Economy . In 2009 , he was then appointed the Shadow Minister for Sustainable Development and Cities . and after the 2010 election he was appointed Shadow Minister for Small Business , Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs . Following the 2013 election he was sworn into the cabinet as the Minister for Small Business . Retirement from politics . Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister , Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government . On 24 November 2015 , he announced he would retire from politics at the 2016 federal election . He is currently serving as the executive chairman of the Franchise Council of Australia . In August 2017 , Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement , which he had not declared on the register of members interests . Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission , but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest . Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines , an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA , and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament . The Committees report stated that Billsons decision to accept the role with FCA while he was a member falls below the standards expected of a member of the house . On 27 March the House of Representatives passed a motion censuring Billson . Beginning 11 March 2021 he took up a government role as the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman , replacing Kate Carnell . The news site Crikey noted that the role of Small Business Ombudsman had been initially created by Billson while he was the Minister for Small Business . Board Roles . Executive Chair - Franchise Council of Australia Independent Non Executive Director - Judo Capital Personal life . He is married to Kate and has four children : Alexander , Zoe , Madeline and Isabella .
|
[
"Minister for Veterans Affairs",
"member of the Australian House of Representatives"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bruce Frederick Billson ( born 26 January 1966 ) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016 . Billson served as the Minister for Small Business from September 2013 to September 2015 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Bruce Billson"
},
{
"text": "Billson was born in Albury , New South Wales , and moved to Seaford , Victoria as a child . He was educated at Monterey High School in Frankston North and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings , a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources , and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment , Senator Rod Kemp , before entering politics .",
"title": "Bruce Billson"
},
{
"text": " Billson was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2004 . In 2005 , he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs , and , in 2006 , he was promoted to Minister for Veterans Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , he was appointed Shadow Minister for Broadband , Communications and the Digital Economy . In 2009 , he was then appointed the Shadow Minister for Sustainable Development and Cities . and after the 2010 election he was appointed Shadow Minister for Small Business , Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": " Following the 2013 election he was sworn into the cabinet as the Minister for Small Business .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": " Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister , Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government . On 24 November 2015 , he announced he would retire from politics at the 2016 federal election .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": "He is currently serving as the executive chairman of the Franchise Council of Australia . In August 2017 , Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement , which he had not declared on the register of members interests . Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission , but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": " Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines , an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA , and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament . The Committees report stated that Billsons decision to accept the role with FCA while he was a member falls below the standards expected of a member of the house . On 27 March the House of Representatives passed a motion censuring Billson .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": "Beginning 11 March 2021 he took up a government role as the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman , replacing Kate Carnell . The news site Crikey noted that the role of Small Business Ombudsman had been initially created by Billson while he was the Minister for Small Business .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": " He is married to Kate and has four children : Alexander , Zoe , Madeline and Isabella .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Bruce_Billson#P39#2
|
What was the position of Bruce Billson in late 2000s?
|
Bruce Billson Bruce Frederick Billson ( born 26 January 1966 ) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016 . Billson served as the Minister for Small Business from September 2013 to September 2015 . Early life and education . Billson was born in Albury , New South Wales , and moved to Seaford , Victoria as a child . He was educated at Monterey High School in Frankston North and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings , a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources , and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment , Senator Rod Kemp , before entering politics . Career . Ministerial roles . Billson was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2004 . In 2005 , he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs , and , in 2006 , he was promoted to Minister for Veterans Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election . In 2007 , he was appointed Shadow Minister for Broadband , Communications and the Digital Economy . In 2009 , he was then appointed the Shadow Minister for Sustainable Development and Cities . and after the 2010 election he was appointed Shadow Minister for Small Business , Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs . Following the 2013 election he was sworn into the cabinet as the Minister for Small Business . Retirement from politics . Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister , Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government . On 24 November 2015 , he announced he would retire from politics at the 2016 federal election . He is currently serving as the executive chairman of the Franchise Council of Australia . In August 2017 , Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement , which he had not declared on the register of members interests . Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission , but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest . Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines , an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA , and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament . The Committees report stated that Billsons decision to accept the role with FCA while he was a member falls below the standards expected of a member of the house . On 27 March the House of Representatives passed a motion censuring Billson . Beginning 11 March 2021 he took up a government role as the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman , replacing Kate Carnell . The news site Crikey noted that the role of Small Business Ombudsman had been initially created by Billson while he was the Minister for Small Business . Board Roles . Executive Chair - Franchise Council of Australia Independent Non Executive Director - Judo Capital Personal life . He is married to Kate and has four children : Alexander , Zoe , Madeline and Isabella .
|
[
"member of the Australian House of Representatives"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bruce Frederick Billson ( born 26 January 1966 ) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016 . Billson served as the Minister for Small Business from September 2013 to September 2015 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Bruce Billson"
},
{
"text": "Billson was born in Albury , New South Wales , and moved to Seaford , Victoria as a child . He was educated at Monterey High School in Frankston North and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings , a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources , and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment , Senator Rod Kemp , before entering politics .",
"title": "Bruce Billson"
},
{
"text": " Billson was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2004 . In 2005 , he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs , and , in 2006 , he was promoted to Minister for Veterans Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , he was appointed Shadow Minister for Broadband , Communications and the Digital Economy . In 2009 , he was then appointed the Shadow Minister for Sustainable Development and Cities . and after the 2010 election he was appointed Shadow Minister for Small Business , Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": " Following the 2013 election he was sworn into the cabinet as the Minister for Small Business .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": " Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister , Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government . On 24 November 2015 , he announced he would retire from politics at the 2016 federal election .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": "He is currently serving as the executive chairman of the Franchise Council of Australia . In August 2017 , Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement , which he had not declared on the register of members interests . Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission , but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": " Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines , an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA , and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament . The Committees report stated that Billsons decision to accept the role with FCA while he was a member falls below the standards expected of a member of the house . On 27 March the House of Representatives passed a motion censuring Billson .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": "Beginning 11 March 2021 he took up a government role as the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman , replacing Kate Carnell . The news site Crikey noted that the role of Small Business Ombudsman had been initially created by Billson while he was the Minister for Small Business .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": " He is married to Kate and has four children : Alexander , Zoe , Madeline and Isabella .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Bruce_Billson#P39#3
|
What was the position of Bruce Billson between Feb 2015 and Sep 2015?
|
Bruce Billson Bruce Frederick Billson ( born 26 January 1966 ) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016 . Billson served as the Minister for Small Business from September 2013 to September 2015 . Early life and education . Billson was born in Albury , New South Wales , and moved to Seaford , Victoria as a child . He was educated at Monterey High School in Frankston North and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings , a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources , and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment , Senator Rod Kemp , before entering politics . Career . Ministerial roles . Billson was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2004 . In 2005 , he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs , and , in 2006 , he was promoted to Minister for Veterans Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election . In 2007 , he was appointed Shadow Minister for Broadband , Communications and the Digital Economy . In 2009 , he was then appointed the Shadow Minister for Sustainable Development and Cities . and after the 2010 election he was appointed Shadow Minister for Small Business , Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs . Following the 2013 election he was sworn into the cabinet as the Minister for Small Business . Retirement from politics . Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister , Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government . On 24 November 2015 , he announced he would retire from politics at the 2016 federal election . He is currently serving as the executive chairman of the Franchise Council of Australia . In August 2017 , Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement , which he had not declared on the register of members interests . Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission , but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest . Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines , an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA , and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament . The Committees report stated that Billsons decision to accept the role with FCA while he was a member falls below the standards expected of a member of the house . On 27 March the House of Representatives passed a motion censuring Billson . Beginning 11 March 2021 he took up a government role as the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman , replacing Kate Carnell . The news site Crikey noted that the role of Small Business Ombudsman had been initially created by Billson while he was the Minister for Small Business . Board Roles . Executive Chair - Franchise Council of Australia Independent Non Executive Director - Judo Capital Personal life . He is married to Kate and has four children : Alexander , Zoe , Madeline and Isabella .
|
[
"Minister for Small Business"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bruce Frederick Billson ( born 26 January 1966 ) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016 . Billson served as the Minister for Small Business from September 2013 to September 2015 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Bruce Billson"
},
{
"text": "Billson was born in Albury , New South Wales , and moved to Seaford , Victoria as a child . He was educated at Monterey High School in Frankston North and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings , a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources , and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment , Senator Rod Kemp , before entering politics .",
"title": "Bruce Billson"
},
{
"text": " Billson was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2004 . In 2005 , he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs , and , in 2006 , he was promoted to Minister for Veterans Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , he was appointed Shadow Minister for Broadband , Communications and the Digital Economy . In 2009 , he was then appointed the Shadow Minister for Sustainable Development and Cities . and after the 2010 election he was appointed Shadow Minister for Small Business , Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": " Following the 2013 election he was sworn into the cabinet as the Minister for Small Business .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": " Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister , Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government . On 24 November 2015 , he announced he would retire from politics at the 2016 federal election .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": "He is currently serving as the executive chairman of the Franchise Council of Australia . In August 2017 , Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement , which he had not declared on the register of members interests . Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission , but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": " Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines , an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA , and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament . The Committees report stated that Billsons decision to accept the role with FCA while he was a member falls below the standards expected of a member of the house . On 27 March the House of Representatives passed a motion censuring Billson .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": "Beginning 11 March 2021 he took up a government role as the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman , replacing Kate Carnell . The news site Crikey noted that the role of Small Business Ombudsman had been initially created by Billson while he was the Minister for Small Business .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": " He is married to Kate and has four children : Alexander , Zoe , Madeline and Isabella .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Bruce_Billson#P39#4
|
What was the position of Bruce Billson after May 2016?
|
Bruce Billson Bruce Frederick Billson ( born 26 January 1966 ) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016 . Billson served as the Minister for Small Business from September 2013 to September 2015 . Early life and education . Billson was born in Albury , New South Wales , and moved to Seaford , Victoria as a child . He was educated at Monterey High School in Frankston North and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings , a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources , and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment , Senator Rod Kemp , before entering politics . Career . Ministerial roles . Billson was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2004 . In 2005 , he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs , and , in 2006 , he was promoted to Minister for Veterans Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election . In 2007 , he was appointed Shadow Minister for Broadband , Communications and the Digital Economy . In 2009 , he was then appointed the Shadow Minister for Sustainable Development and Cities . and after the 2010 election he was appointed Shadow Minister for Small Business , Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs . Following the 2013 election he was sworn into the cabinet as the Minister for Small Business . Retirement from politics . Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister , Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government . On 24 November 2015 , he announced he would retire from politics at the 2016 federal election . He is currently serving as the executive chairman of the Franchise Council of Australia . In August 2017 , Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement , which he had not declared on the register of members interests . Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission , but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest . Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines , an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA , and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament . The Committees report stated that Billsons decision to accept the role with FCA while he was a member falls below the standards expected of a member of the house . On 27 March the House of Representatives passed a motion censuring Billson . Beginning 11 March 2021 he took up a government role as the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman , replacing Kate Carnell . The news site Crikey noted that the role of Small Business Ombudsman had been initially created by Billson while he was the Minister for Small Business . Board Roles . Executive Chair - Franchise Council of Australia Independent Non Executive Director - Judo Capital Personal life . He is married to Kate and has four children : Alexander , Zoe , Madeline and Isabella .
|
[
"member of the Australian House of Representatives"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bruce Frederick Billson ( born 26 January 1966 ) is a former politician who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dunkley in Victoria from 1996 to 2016 . Billson served as the Minister for Small Business from September 2013 to September 2015 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Bruce Billson"
},
{
"text": "Billson was born in Albury , New South Wales , and moved to Seaford , Victoria as a child . He was educated at Monterey High School in Frankston North and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology . He was Manager of Corporate Development for the Shire of Hastings , a ministerial adviser to the Victorian Minister for Natural Resources , and policy adviser to the Shadow Minister for the Environment , Senator Rod Kemp , before entering politics .",
"title": "Bruce Billson"
},
{
"text": " Billson was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2004 . In 2005 , he was also appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs , and , in 2006 , he was promoted to Minister for Veterans Affairs – a position he retained until the defeat of the Howard government in the 2007 federal election .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , he was appointed Shadow Minister for Broadband , Communications and the Digital Economy . In 2009 , he was then appointed the Shadow Minister for Sustainable Development and Cities . and after the 2010 election he was appointed Shadow Minister for Small Business , Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": " Following the 2013 election he was sworn into the cabinet as the Minister for Small Business .",
"title": "Ministerial roles"
},
{
"text": " Following the leadership spill that saw Malcolm Turnbull become Prime Minister , Billson was dropped from the new Ministry upon the ascension of the Turnbull Government . On 24 November 2015 , he announced he would retire from politics at the 2016 federal election .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": "He is currently serving as the executive chairman of the Franchise Council of Australia . In August 2017 , Billson admitted he had received a salary from the FCA several months before his retirement , which he had not declared on the register of members interests . Billson apologised to the Clerk of the House for the omission , but claimed his directorship was not concealed and there was no conflict of interest .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": " Although cleared of breaching ministerial guidelines , an inquiry conducted by the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members Interests recommended in March 2018 that Billson be censured for failing to disclose receiving a salary for the FCA , and for undertaking work for the organisation through his consultancy business before leaving parliament . The Committees report stated that Billsons decision to accept the role with FCA while he was a member falls below the standards expected of a member of the house . On 27 March the House of Representatives passed a motion censuring Billson .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": "Beginning 11 March 2021 he took up a government role as the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman , replacing Kate Carnell . The news site Crikey noted that the role of Small Business Ombudsman had been initially created by Billson while he was the Minister for Small Business .",
"title": "Retirement from politics"
},
{
"text": " He is married to Kate and has four children : Alexander , Zoe , Madeline and Isabella .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Abbey_Stadium#P1448#0
|
Abbey Stadium was officially named what in Feb 2005?
|
Abbey Stadium Abbey Stadium is a football stadium in Cambridge , England . It has been the home ground of Cambridge United F.C . since 1932 , and currently has a maximum capacity of 8,127 spectators . Cambridge Regional College F.C. , Cambridge Uniteds feeder club , played their home games at The Abbey from 2006 until their dissolution in 2014 . The first match ever played at the Abbey was a friendly against a team from Cambridge University Press on 31 August 1932 . The record attendance at the ground ( 14,000 ) was also for a friendly , against Chelsea to mark the first use of the grounds new floodlights on 1 May 1970 . This was the first time an English League grounds record crowd had turned out to watch a friendly . Until well into the modern era , the Abbey Stadium was the only Football League ground to be styled a stadium , and was second only to Wembley Stadium in so being named . However , more recent ground moves and name changes have meant that a number of league clubs now play at grounds styled stadiums . For sponsorship reasons , the ground was until 2017 officially named the Cambs Glass Stadium . For similar reasons it has also previously been named the Trade Recruitment Stadium , and the R Costings Abbey Stadium . However , thanks to the cooperation of sponsors the ground has reverted to its original name of the Abbey Stadium . History . Abbey United ( as the club were then known ) had moved to Parkers Piece at the start of the 1930–31 season . Despite the special significance of Parkers Piece in the history of football , it being the first place where the Cambridge Rules were played out , the lack of spectator capacity and disruption caused during games meant this move was not a successful one . Henry Francis , then president of the club , offered United a lifeline in 1931 when he donated land he had acquired to the club , and erected a grandstand and changing rooms on it . This land , where United have been resident since , was close to one of the clubs former grounds ( known as the Celery Trenches ) where , with the approval of the Cambridgeshire FA , the club played while the new ground was being prepared . The first match at the newly constructed Abbey ( though it was not known as this until 1961 ) was played on 31 August 1932 against Cambridge University Press . A grandstand was not opened until March 1934 , and subsequent stands were constructed between a period of many years up until 1954 when the final terrace , on the west of the ground ( now the Habbin Stand ) , was completed . Much redevelopment has occurred since including the redevelopment of the main stand to include a roof and extra seating and , most recently , the erection of a new all-seated stand at the south of the ground to replace the original open terrace that had stood there since 1966 . Despite planning permission being granted for further development , as part of the same scheme , at the north end of the ground ( including an 86-bedroom hotel , retail space , new offices and a new supporters club ) , financial difficulties meant this has yet to be entered into . In the 1991–92 season , Cambridge were challenging for promotion to the forthcoming new Premier League and were faced with the prospect of changing Abbey Stadium into an all-seater venue , as all teams in the highest two divisions of the English league were obliged to be all-seater by 1994 due to the changes in legislation that followed the Hillsborough disaster of 1989 . But due to Cambridges subsequent decline ( they were back in the lowest division of the Football League within four years ) meant that the ground has changed very little in the last 15 years , and with standing accommodation still permitted below the second tier of the English league there has been little pressure to make the stadium all-seater and in 2001 the clubs directors stated that it was their intention to retain standing accommodation for as long as they are at a level that will permit it . The same financial difficulties meant the Abbey Stadium land , donated to the club by Henry Francis in 1931 , was sold to then director John Howards company Bideawhile 445 Ltd . in December 2004 . Although the club confirmed in January 2006 it had reached an agreement in principle to buy back the ground , this has not yet happened , but is seen as crucial in safeguarding its long-term financial security . Also in January 2006 , John Howard announced plans to move out of the Abbey Stadium to a new purpose built stadium in Milton . These were criticised by fans as risking the clubs identity by moving out of the city and , despite Howard describing them as crucial to the clubs future , little else has been heard of them since . In April 2008 , the club announced that for the first time , the corporate naming rights in the stadium had been sold . Although the clubs Chief Executive Norman Gautrey acknowledged that the fans would mourn the passing of the Abbey Stadium name , it was stated to be crucial to the clubs finances given the high annual rent on the ground . Trade Recruitment began a five-year sponsorship deal on 1 May 2008 for a total fee of £250,000 . In the June 2009 a new deal was announced with a St Ives-based legal firm to rename the stadium as the R Costings Abbey Stadium . In March 2010 Cambridge Fans United started a project to purchase the Abbey Stadium from Bideawhile 445 Ltd . The attempt was unsuccessful and the stadium was sold to Grosvenor Estates for £3.5m . Positive talks between the club and Grosvenor have resulted in a significant rent reduction from the annual £240,000 being paid to previous ground owners Bideawhile over the next three years . Cambridge United , Grosvenor and their development partners , Great Shelford-based Wrenbridge , have also shaken hands on a memorandum of understanding to consider options for a new community stadium in Cambridgeshire . Current stands . - The Main Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand running the length of the east side of the pitch including a family area , dugouts and media box . - The Habbin Stand – a single-tier , all-terraced stand , opposite the Main Stand and named after Harry Habbin , a famous fan from the clubs early days . The south third of this stand is sometimes open for away fans . - The North Terrace – a single-tier , all-terraced stand running three-quarters of one end of the pitch , known among fans as the Newmarket Road End ( as it backs onto Newmarket Road ) . - The Marstons Smooth South Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand , opened in 2002 . Previously known as ( officially , but not often ) the Heritage Conservatories Stand after the company won a competition to sponsor the stand in early 2004 , but now named after title sponsors Marstons who announced a 10-year sponsorship deal with Cambridge in August 2007 . This stand was primarily built to house away fans however it is often used to seat home supporters ( at ticket promotion matches ) . At the same time that the South Stand was constructed a new Police control centre was built to the west of the stand . This building also houses emergency medical facilities for players and spectators . The club planned to redevelop the ground ( including building an all-seater stand on the North Terrace with new accommodation for the clubs staff and incorporating a medium-sized hotel and new function room into the site ) , but after a series of financial crises , the club sold the ground in November 2004 to Bideawhile Ltd , a company partly owned by Cambridge United director John Howard , on a sale and lease back scheme for a reported £2 million . The clubs supporters have since launched the Cambridge Community Stadium Trust , which is striving to buy back the ground , a step that is seen as necessary to secure the clubs long-term financial security . The stadiums frontage , often criticised for negatively portraying the stadium , was refurbished during late June and early July 2007 . This involved recladding portacabins that serve as Cambridge Uniteds offices and general maintenance of the stadiums car park . The following summer the rear wall of the Newmarket Road End was redecorated in amber with a black Amber Army motif , a term for the clubs supporters . Non-football events . On Friday and Saturday 26–27 May 2006 , the Abbey Stadium hosted Cambridges first major outdoor pop concert under the title Abbey Aid . The capacity of the ground was , however , reduced for this event to around 7,000 , all of which was standing accommodation on the pitch . This was due to a failure to gain a safety certificate for the grounds stands as they were built without dynamic loading protection , a necessary feature for stands at a music concert . However , the concerts only attracted approximately 1,000 paying spectators on each night – well short of the numbers the organisers had anticipated – and the events ended up losing money . External links . - The Abbey on Cambridge Uniteds Official Site - Cambridge Community Stadium Trust homepage - Stadium images at StadiumDB.com
|
[
"Abbey Stadium"
] |
[
{
"text": " Abbey Stadium is a football stadium in Cambridge , England . It has been the home ground of Cambridge United F.C . since 1932 , and currently has a maximum capacity of 8,127 spectators . Cambridge Regional College F.C. , Cambridge Uniteds feeder club , played their home games at The Abbey from 2006 until their dissolution in 2014 .",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": "The first match ever played at the Abbey was a friendly against a team from Cambridge University Press on 31 August 1932 . The record attendance at the ground ( 14,000 ) was also for a friendly , against Chelsea to mark the first use of the grounds new floodlights on 1 May 1970 . This was the first time an English League grounds record crowd had turned out to watch a friendly .",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": "Until well into the modern era , the Abbey Stadium was the only Football League ground to be styled a stadium , and was second only to Wembley Stadium in so being named . However , more recent ground moves and name changes have meant that a number of league clubs now play at grounds styled stadiums . For sponsorship reasons , the ground was until 2017 officially named the Cambs Glass Stadium . For similar reasons it has also previously been named the Trade Recruitment Stadium , and the R Costings Abbey Stadium . However , thanks to the",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": "cooperation of sponsors the ground has reverted to its original name of the Abbey Stadium .",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": " Abbey United ( as the club were then known ) had moved to Parkers Piece at the start of the 1930–31 season . Despite the special significance of Parkers Piece in the history of football , it being the first place where the Cambridge Rules were played out , the lack of spectator capacity and disruption caused during games meant this move was not a successful one .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Henry Francis , then president of the club , offered United a lifeline in 1931 when he donated land he had acquired to the club , and erected a grandstand and changing rooms on it . This land , where United have been resident since , was close to one of the clubs former grounds ( known as the Celery Trenches ) where , with the approval of the Cambridgeshire FA , the club played while the new ground was being prepared . The first match at the newly constructed Abbey ( though it was not known as this until",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "1961 ) was played on 31 August 1932 against Cambridge University Press . A grandstand was not opened until March 1934 , and subsequent stands were constructed between a period of many years up until 1954 when the final terrace , on the west of the ground ( now the Habbin Stand ) , was completed .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Much redevelopment has occurred since including the redevelopment of the main stand to include a roof and extra seating and , most recently , the erection of a new all-seated stand at the south of the ground to replace the original open terrace that had stood there since 1966 . Despite planning permission being granted for further development , as part of the same scheme , at the north end of the ground ( including an 86-bedroom hotel , retail space , new offices and a new supporters club ) , financial difficulties meant this has yet to be entered",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "into .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In the 1991–92 season , Cambridge were challenging for promotion to the forthcoming new Premier League and were faced with the prospect of changing Abbey Stadium into an all-seater venue , as all teams in the highest two divisions of the English league were obliged to be all-seater by 1994 due to the changes in legislation that followed the Hillsborough disaster of 1989 . But due to Cambridges subsequent decline ( they were back in the lowest division of the Football League within four years ) meant that the ground has changed very little in the last 15 years ,",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and with standing accommodation still permitted below the second tier of the English league there has been little pressure to make the stadium all-seater and in 2001 the clubs directors stated that it was their intention to retain standing accommodation for as long as they are at a level that will permit it .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The same financial difficulties meant the Abbey Stadium land , donated to the club by Henry Francis in 1931 , was sold to then director John Howards company Bideawhile 445 Ltd . in December 2004 . Although the club confirmed in January 2006 it had reached an agreement in principle to buy back the ground , this has not yet happened , but is seen as crucial in safeguarding its long-term financial security . Also in January 2006 , John Howard announced plans to move out of the Abbey Stadium to a new purpose built stadium in Milton . These",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "were criticised by fans as risking the clubs identity by moving out of the city and , despite Howard describing them as crucial to the clubs future , little else has been heard of them since .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In April 2008 , the club announced that for the first time , the corporate naming rights in the stadium had been sold . Although the clubs Chief Executive Norman Gautrey acknowledged that the fans would mourn the passing of the Abbey Stadium name , it was stated to be crucial to the clubs finances given the high annual rent on the ground . Trade Recruitment began a five-year sponsorship deal on 1 May 2008 for a total fee of £250,000 . In the June 2009 a new deal was announced with a St Ives-based legal firm to rename the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "stadium as the R Costings Abbey Stadium .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In March 2010 Cambridge Fans United started a project to purchase the Abbey Stadium from Bideawhile 445 Ltd . The attempt was unsuccessful and the stadium was sold to Grosvenor Estates for £3.5m . Positive talks between the club and Grosvenor have resulted in a significant rent reduction from the annual £240,000 being paid to previous ground owners Bideawhile over the next three years . Cambridge United , Grosvenor and their development partners , Great Shelford-based Wrenbridge , have also shaken hands on a memorandum of understanding to consider options for a new community stadium in Cambridgeshire .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - The Main Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand running the length of the east side of the pitch including a family area , dugouts and media box . - The Habbin Stand – a single-tier , all-terraced stand , opposite the Main Stand and named after Harry Habbin , a famous fan from the clubs early days . The south third of this stand is sometimes open for away fans .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "- The North Terrace – a single-tier , all-terraced stand running three-quarters of one end of the pitch , known among fans as the Newmarket Road End ( as it backs onto Newmarket Road ) .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "- The Marstons Smooth South Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand , opened in 2002 . Previously known as ( officially , but not often ) the Heritage Conservatories Stand after the company won a competition to sponsor the stand in early 2004 , but now named after title sponsors Marstons who announced a 10-year sponsorship deal with Cambridge in August 2007 . This stand was primarily built to house away fans however it is often used to seat home supporters ( at ticket promotion matches ) . At the same time that the South Stand was constructed a",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "new Police control centre was built to the west of the stand . This building also houses emergency medical facilities for players and spectators .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "The club planned to redevelop the ground ( including building an all-seater stand on the North Terrace with new accommodation for the clubs staff and incorporating a medium-sized hotel and new function room into the site ) , but after a series of financial crises , the club sold the ground in November 2004 to Bideawhile Ltd , a company partly owned by Cambridge United director John Howard , on a sale and lease back scheme for a reported £2 million . The clubs supporters have since launched the Cambridge Community Stadium Trust , which is striving to buy back",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "the ground , a step that is seen as necessary to secure the clubs long-term financial security .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": " The stadiums frontage , often criticised for negatively portraying the stadium , was refurbished during late June and early July 2007 . This involved recladding portacabins that serve as Cambridge Uniteds offices and general maintenance of the stadiums car park . The following summer the rear wall of the Newmarket Road End was redecorated in amber with a black Amber Army motif , a term for the clubs supporters .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "On Friday and Saturday 26–27 May 2006 , the Abbey Stadium hosted Cambridges first major outdoor pop concert under the title Abbey Aid . The capacity of the ground was , however , reduced for this event to around 7,000 , all of which was standing accommodation on the pitch . This was due to a failure to gain a safety certificate for the grounds stands as they were built without dynamic loading protection , a necessary feature for stands at a music concert . However , the concerts only attracted approximately 1,000 paying spectators on each night – well",
"title": "Non-football events"
},
{
"text": "short of the numbers the organisers had anticipated – and the events ended up losing money .",
"title": "Non-football events"
},
{
"text": " - The Abbey on Cambridge Uniteds Official Site - Cambridge Community Stadium Trust homepage - Stadium images at StadiumDB.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Abbey_Stadium#P1448#1
|
Abbey Stadium was officially named what in May 2009?
|
Abbey Stadium Abbey Stadium is a football stadium in Cambridge , England . It has been the home ground of Cambridge United F.C . since 1932 , and currently has a maximum capacity of 8,127 spectators . Cambridge Regional College F.C. , Cambridge Uniteds feeder club , played their home games at The Abbey from 2006 until their dissolution in 2014 . The first match ever played at the Abbey was a friendly against a team from Cambridge University Press on 31 August 1932 . The record attendance at the ground ( 14,000 ) was also for a friendly , against Chelsea to mark the first use of the grounds new floodlights on 1 May 1970 . This was the first time an English League grounds record crowd had turned out to watch a friendly . Until well into the modern era , the Abbey Stadium was the only Football League ground to be styled a stadium , and was second only to Wembley Stadium in so being named . However , more recent ground moves and name changes have meant that a number of league clubs now play at grounds styled stadiums . For sponsorship reasons , the ground was until 2017 officially named the Cambs Glass Stadium . For similar reasons it has also previously been named the Trade Recruitment Stadium , and the R Costings Abbey Stadium . However , thanks to the cooperation of sponsors the ground has reverted to its original name of the Abbey Stadium . History . Abbey United ( as the club were then known ) had moved to Parkers Piece at the start of the 1930–31 season . Despite the special significance of Parkers Piece in the history of football , it being the first place where the Cambridge Rules were played out , the lack of spectator capacity and disruption caused during games meant this move was not a successful one . Henry Francis , then president of the club , offered United a lifeline in 1931 when he donated land he had acquired to the club , and erected a grandstand and changing rooms on it . This land , where United have been resident since , was close to one of the clubs former grounds ( known as the Celery Trenches ) where , with the approval of the Cambridgeshire FA , the club played while the new ground was being prepared . The first match at the newly constructed Abbey ( though it was not known as this until 1961 ) was played on 31 August 1932 against Cambridge University Press . A grandstand was not opened until March 1934 , and subsequent stands were constructed between a period of many years up until 1954 when the final terrace , on the west of the ground ( now the Habbin Stand ) , was completed . Much redevelopment has occurred since including the redevelopment of the main stand to include a roof and extra seating and , most recently , the erection of a new all-seated stand at the south of the ground to replace the original open terrace that had stood there since 1966 . Despite planning permission being granted for further development , as part of the same scheme , at the north end of the ground ( including an 86-bedroom hotel , retail space , new offices and a new supporters club ) , financial difficulties meant this has yet to be entered into . In the 1991–92 season , Cambridge were challenging for promotion to the forthcoming new Premier League and were faced with the prospect of changing Abbey Stadium into an all-seater venue , as all teams in the highest two divisions of the English league were obliged to be all-seater by 1994 due to the changes in legislation that followed the Hillsborough disaster of 1989 . But due to Cambridges subsequent decline ( they were back in the lowest division of the Football League within four years ) meant that the ground has changed very little in the last 15 years , and with standing accommodation still permitted below the second tier of the English league there has been little pressure to make the stadium all-seater and in 2001 the clubs directors stated that it was their intention to retain standing accommodation for as long as they are at a level that will permit it . The same financial difficulties meant the Abbey Stadium land , donated to the club by Henry Francis in 1931 , was sold to then director John Howards company Bideawhile 445 Ltd . in December 2004 . Although the club confirmed in January 2006 it had reached an agreement in principle to buy back the ground , this has not yet happened , but is seen as crucial in safeguarding its long-term financial security . Also in January 2006 , John Howard announced plans to move out of the Abbey Stadium to a new purpose built stadium in Milton . These were criticised by fans as risking the clubs identity by moving out of the city and , despite Howard describing them as crucial to the clubs future , little else has been heard of them since . In April 2008 , the club announced that for the first time , the corporate naming rights in the stadium had been sold . Although the clubs Chief Executive Norman Gautrey acknowledged that the fans would mourn the passing of the Abbey Stadium name , it was stated to be crucial to the clubs finances given the high annual rent on the ground . Trade Recruitment began a five-year sponsorship deal on 1 May 2008 for a total fee of £250,000 . In the June 2009 a new deal was announced with a St Ives-based legal firm to rename the stadium as the R Costings Abbey Stadium . In March 2010 Cambridge Fans United started a project to purchase the Abbey Stadium from Bideawhile 445 Ltd . The attempt was unsuccessful and the stadium was sold to Grosvenor Estates for £3.5m . Positive talks between the club and Grosvenor have resulted in a significant rent reduction from the annual £240,000 being paid to previous ground owners Bideawhile over the next three years . Cambridge United , Grosvenor and their development partners , Great Shelford-based Wrenbridge , have also shaken hands on a memorandum of understanding to consider options for a new community stadium in Cambridgeshire . Current stands . - The Main Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand running the length of the east side of the pitch including a family area , dugouts and media box . - The Habbin Stand – a single-tier , all-terraced stand , opposite the Main Stand and named after Harry Habbin , a famous fan from the clubs early days . The south third of this stand is sometimes open for away fans . - The North Terrace – a single-tier , all-terraced stand running three-quarters of one end of the pitch , known among fans as the Newmarket Road End ( as it backs onto Newmarket Road ) . - The Marstons Smooth South Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand , opened in 2002 . Previously known as ( officially , but not often ) the Heritage Conservatories Stand after the company won a competition to sponsor the stand in early 2004 , but now named after title sponsors Marstons who announced a 10-year sponsorship deal with Cambridge in August 2007 . This stand was primarily built to house away fans however it is often used to seat home supporters ( at ticket promotion matches ) . At the same time that the South Stand was constructed a new Police control centre was built to the west of the stand . This building also houses emergency medical facilities for players and spectators . The club planned to redevelop the ground ( including building an all-seater stand on the North Terrace with new accommodation for the clubs staff and incorporating a medium-sized hotel and new function room into the site ) , but after a series of financial crises , the club sold the ground in November 2004 to Bideawhile Ltd , a company partly owned by Cambridge United director John Howard , on a sale and lease back scheme for a reported £2 million . The clubs supporters have since launched the Cambridge Community Stadium Trust , which is striving to buy back the ground , a step that is seen as necessary to secure the clubs long-term financial security . The stadiums frontage , often criticised for negatively portraying the stadium , was refurbished during late June and early July 2007 . This involved recladding portacabins that serve as Cambridge Uniteds offices and general maintenance of the stadiums car park . The following summer the rear wall of the Newmarket Road End was redecorated in amber with a black Amber Army motif , a term for the clubs supporters . Non-football events . On Friday and Saturday 26–27 May 2006 , the Abbey Stadium hosted Cambridges first major outdoor pop concert under the title Abbey Aid . The capacity of the ground was , however , reduced for this event to around 7,000 , all of which was standing accommodation on the pitch . This was due to a failure to gain a safety certificate for the grounds stands as they were built without dynamic loading protection , a necessary feature for stands at a music concert . However , the concerts only attracted approximately 1,000 paying spectators on each night – well short of the numbers the organisers had anticipated – and the events ended up losing money . External links . - The Abbey on Cambridge Uniteds Official Site - Cambridge Community Stadium Trust homepage - Stadium images at StadiumDB.com
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Abbey Stadium is a football stadium in Cambridge , England . It has been the home ground of Cambridge United F.C . since 1932 , and currently has a maximum capacity of 8,127 spectators . Cambridge Regional College F.C. , Cambridge Uniteds feeder club , played their home games at The Abbey from 2006 until their dissolution in 2014 .",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": "The first match ever played at the Abbey was a friendly against a team from Cambridge University Press on 31 August 1932 . The record attendance at the ground ( 14,000 ) was also for a friendly , against Chelsea to mark the first use of the grounds new floodlights on 1 May 1970 . This was the first time an English League grounds record crowd had turned out to watch a friendly .",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": "Until well into the modern era , the Abbey Stadium was the only Football League ground to be styled a stadium , and was second only to Wembley Stadium in so being named . However , more recent ground moves and name changes have meant that a number of league clubs now play at grounds styled stadiums . For sponsorship reasons , the ground was until 2017 officially named the Cambs Glass Stadium . For similar reasons it has also previously been named the Trade Recruitment Stadium , and the R Costings Abbey Stadium . However , thanks to the",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": "cooperation of sponsors the ground has reverted to its original name of the Abbey Stadium .",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": " Abbey United ( as the club were then known ) had moved to Parkers Piece at the start of the 1930–31 season . Despite the special significance of Parkers Piece in the history of football , it being the first place where the Cambridge Rules were played out , the lack of spectator capacity and disruption caused during games meant this move was not a successful one .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Henry Francis , then president of the club , offered United a lifeline in 1931 when he donated land he had acquired to the club , and erected a grandstand and changing rooms on it . This land , where United have been resident since , was close to one of the clubs former grounds ( known as the Celery Trenches ) where , with the approval of the Cambridgeshire FA , the club played while the new ground was being prepared . The first match at the newly constructed Abbey ( though it was not known as this until",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "1961 ) was played on 31 August 1932 against Cambridge University Press . A grandstand was not opened until March 1934 , and subsequent stands were constructed between a period of many years up until 1954 when the final terrace , on the west of the ground ( now the Habbin Stand ) , was completed .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Much redevelopment has occurred since including the redevelopment of the main stand to include a roof and extra seating and , most recently , the erection of a new all-seated stand at the south of the ground to replace the original open terrace that had stood there since 1966 . Despite planning permission being granted for further development , as part of the same scheme , at the north end of the ground ( including an 86-bedroom hotel , retail space , new offices and a new supporters club ) , financial difficulties meant this has yet to be entered",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "into .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In the 1991–92 season , Cambridge were challenging for promotion to the forthcoming new Premier League and were faced with the prospect of changing Abbey Stadium into an all-seater venue , as all teams in the highest two divisions of the English league were obliged to be all-seater by 1994 due to the changes in legislation that followed the Hillsborough disaster of 1989 . But due to Cambridges subsequent decline ( they were back in the lowest division of the Football League within four years ) meant that the ground has changed very little in the last 15 years ,",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and with standing accommodation still permitted below the second tier of the English league there has been little pressure to make the stadium all-seater and in 2001 the clubs directors stated that it was their intention to retain standing accommodation for as long as they are at a level that will permit it .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The same financial difficulties meant the Abbey Stadium land , donated to the club by Henry Francis in 1931 , was sold to then director John Howards company Bideawhile 445 Ltd . in December 2004 . Although the club confirmed in January 2006 it had reached an agreement in principle to buy back the ground , this has not yet happened , but is seen as crucial in safeguarding its long-term financial security . Also in January 2006 , John Howard announced plans to move out of the Abbey Stadium to a new purpose built stadium in Milton . These",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "were criticised by fans as risking the clubs identity by moving out of the city and , despite Howard describing them as crucial to the clubs future , little else has been heard of them since .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In April 2008 , the club announced that for the first time , the corporate naming rights in the stadium had been sold . Although the clubs Chief Executive Norman Gautrey acknowledged that the fans would mourn the passing of the Abbey Stadium name , it was stated to be crucial to the clubs finances given the high annual rent on the ground . Trade Recruitment began a five-year sponsorship deal on 1 May 2008 for a total fee of £250,000 . In the June 2009 a new deal was announced with a St Ives-based legal firm to rename the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "stadium as the R Costings Abbey Stadium .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In March 2010 Cambridge Fans United started a project to purchase the Abbey Stadium from Bideawhile 445 Ltd . The attempt was unsuccessful and the stadium was sold to Grosvenor Estates for £3.5m . Positive talks between the club and Grosvenor have resulted in a significant rent reduction from the annual £240,000 being paid to previous ground owners Bideawhile over the next three years . Cambridge United , Grosvenor and their development partners , Great Shelford-based Wrenbridge , have also shaken hands on a memorandum of understanding to consider options for a new community stadium in Cambridgeshire .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - The Main Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand running the length of the east side of the pitch including a family area , dugouts and media box . - The Habbin Stand – a single-tier , all-terraced stand , opposite the Main Stand and named after Harry Habbin , a famous fan from the clubs early days . The south third of this stand is sometimes open for away fans .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "- The North Terrace – a single-tier , all-terraced stand running three-quarters of one end of the pitch , known among fans as the Newmarket Road End ( as it backs onto Newmarket Road ) .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "- The Marstons Smooth South Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand , opened in 2002 . Previously known as ( officially , but not often ) the Heritage Conservatories Stand after the company won a competition to sponsor the stand in early 2004 , but now named after title sponsors Marstons who announced a 10-year sponsorship deal with Cambridge in August 2007 . This stand was primarily built to house away fans however it is often used to seat home supporters ( at ticket promotion matches ) . At the same time that the South Stand was constructed a",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "new Police control centre was built to the west of the stand . This building also houses emergency medical facilities for players and spectators .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "The club planned to redevelop the ground ( including building an all-seater stand on the North Terrace with new accommodation for the clubs staff and incorporating a medium-sized hotel and new function room into the site ) , but after a series of financial crises , the club sold the ground in November 2004 to Bideawhile Ltd , a company partly owned by Cambridge United director John Howard , on a sale and lease back scheme for a reported £2 million . The clubs supporters have since launched the Cambridge Community Stadium Trust , which is striving to buy back",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "the ground , a step that is seen as necessary to secure the clubs long-term financial security .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": " The stadiums frontage , often criticised for negatively portraying the stadium , was refurbished during late June and early July 2007 . This involved recladding portacabins that serve as Cambridge Uniteds offices and general maintenance of the stadiums car park . The following summer the rear wall of the Newmarket Road End was redecorated in amber with a black Amber Army motif , a term for the clubs supporters .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "On Friday and Saturday 26–27 May 2006 , the Abbey Stadium hosted Cambridges first major outdoor pop concert under the title Abbey Aid . The capacity of the ground was , however , reduced for this event to around 7,000 , all of which was standing accommodation on the pitch . This was due to a failure to gain a safety certificate for the grounds stands as they were built without dynamic loading protection , a necessary feature for stands at a music concert . However , the concerts only attracted approximately 1,000 paying spectators on each night – well",
"title": "Non-football events"
},
{
"text": "short of the numbers the organisers had anticipated – and the events ended up losing money .",
"title": "Non-football events"
},
{
"text": " - The Abbey on Cambridge Uniteds Official Site - Cambridge Community Stadium Trust homepage - Stadium images at StadiumDB.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Abbey_Stadium#P1448#2
|
Abbey Stadium was officially named what between Nov 1930 and Dec 1930?
|
Abbey Stadium Abbey Stadium is a football stadium in Cambridge , England . It has been the home ground of Cambridge United F.C . since 1932 , and currently has a maximum capacity of 8,127 spectators . Cambridge Regional College F.C. , Cambridge Uniteds feeder club , played their home games at The Abbey from 2006 until their dissolution in 2014 . The first match ever played at the Abbey was a friendly against a team from Cambridge University Press on 31 August 1932 . The record attendance at the ground ( 14,000 ) was also for a friendly , against Chelsea to mark the first use of the grounds new floodlights on 1 May 1970 . This was the first time an English League grounds record crowd had turned out to watch a friendly . Until well into the modern era , the Abbey Stadium was the only Football League ground to be styled a stadium , and was second only to Wembley Stadium in so being named . However , more recent ground moves and name changes have meant that a number of league clubs now play at grounds styled stadiums . For sponsorship reasons , the ground was until 2017 officially named the Cambs Glass Stadium . For similar reasons it has also previously been named the Trade Recruitment Stadium , and the R Costings Abbey Stadium . However , thanks to the cooperation of sponsors the ground has reverted to its original name of the Abbey Stadium . History . Abbey United ( as the club were then known ) had moved to Parkers Piece at the start of the 1930–31 season . Despite the special significance of Parkers Piece in the history of football , it being the first place where the Cambridge Rules were played out , the lack of spectator capacity and disruption caused during games meant this move was not a successful one . Henry Francis , then president of the club , offered United a lifeline in 1931 when he donated land he had acquired to the club , and erected a grandstand and changing rooms on it . This land , where United have been resident since , was close to one of the clubs former grounds ( known as the Celery Trenches ) where , with the approval of the Cambridgeshire FA , the club played while the new ground was being prepared . The first match at the newly constructed Abbey ( though it was not known as this until 1961 ) was played on 31 August 1932 against Cambridge University Press . A grandstand was not opened until March 1934 , and subsequent stands were constructed between a period of many years up until 1954 when the final terrace , on the west of the ground ( now the Habbin Stand ) , was completed . Much redevelopment has occurred since including the redevelopment of the main stand to include a roof and extra seating and , most recently , the erection of a new all-seated stand at the south of the ground to replace the original open terrace that had stood there since 1966 . Despite planning permission being granted for further development , as part of the same scheme , at the north end of the ground ( including an 86-bedroom hotel , retail space , new offices and a new supporters club ) , financial difficulties meant this has yet to be entered into . In the 1991–92 season , Cambridge were challenging for promotion to the forthcoming new Premier League and were faced with the prospect of changing Abbey Stadium into an all-seater venue , as all teams in the highest two divisions of the English league were obliged to be all-seater by 1994 due to the changes in legislation that followed the Hillsborough disaster of 1989 . But due to Cambridges subsequent decline ( they were back in the lowest division of the Football League within four years ) meant that the ground has changed very little in the last 15 years , and with standing accommodation still permitted below the second tier of the English league there has been little pressure to make the stadium all-seater and in 2001 the clubs directors stated that it was their intention to retain standing accommodation for as long as they are at a level that will permit it . The same financial difficulties meant the Abbey Stadium land , donated to the club by Henry Francis in 1931 , was sold to then director John Howards company Bideawhile 445 Ltd . in December 2004 . Although the club confirmed in January 2006 it had reached an agreement in principle to buy back the ground , this has not yet happened , but is seen as crucial in safeguarding its long-term financial security . Also in January 2006 , John Howard announced plans to move out of the Abbey Stadium to a new purpose built stadium in Milton . These were criticised by fans as risking the clubs identity by moving out of the city and , despite Howard describing them as crucial to the clubs future , little else has been heard of them since . In April 2008 , the club announced that for the first time , the corporate naming rights in the stadium had been sold . Although the clubs Chief Executive Norman Gautrey acknowledged that the fans would mourn the passing of the Abbey Stadium name , it was stated to be crucial to the clubs finances given the high annual rent on the ground . Trade Recruitment began a five-year sponsorship deal on 1 May 2008 for a total fee of £250,000 . In the June 2009 a new deal was announced with a St Ives-based legal firm to rename the stadium as the R Costings Abbey Stadium . In March 2010 Cambridge Fans United started a project to purchase the Abbey Stadium from Bideawhile 445 Ltd . The attempt was unsuccessful and the stadium was sold to Grosvenor Estates for £3.5m . Positive talks between the club and Grosvenor have resulted in a significant rent reduction from the annual £240,000 being paid to previous ground owners Bideawhile over the next three years . Cambridge United , Grosvenor and their development partners , Great Shelford-based Wrenbridge , have also shaken hands on a memorandum of understanding to consider options for a new community stadium in Cambridgeshire . Current stands . - The Main Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand running the length of the east side of the pitch including a family area , dugouts and media box . - The Habbin Stand – a single-tier , all-terraced stand , opposite the Main Stand and named after Harry Habbin , a famous fan from the clubs early days . The south third of this stand is sometimes open for away fans . - The North Terrace – a single-tier , all-terraced stand running three-quarters of one end of the pitch , known among fans as the Newmarket Road End ( as it backs onto Newmarket Road ) . - The Marstons Smooth South Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand , opened in 2002 . Previously known as ( officially , but not often ) the Heritage Conservatories Stand after the company won a competition to sponsor the stand in early 2004 , but now named after title sponsors Marstons who announced a 10-year sponsorship deal with Cambridge in August 2007 . This stand was primarily built to house away fans however it is often used to seat home supporters ( at ticket promotion matches ) . At the same time that the South Stand was constructed a new Police control centre was built to the west of the stand . This building also houses emergency medical facilities for players and spectators . The club planned to redevelop the ground ( including building an all-seater stand on the North Terrace with new accommodation for the clubs staff and incorporating a medium-sized hotel and new function room into the site ) , but after a series of financial crises , the club sold the ground in November 2004 to Bideawhile Ltd , a company partly owned by Cambridge United director John Howard , on a sale and lease back scheme for a reported £2 million . The clubs supporters have since launched the Cambridge Community Stadium Trust , which is striving to buy back the ground , a step that is seen as necessary to secure the clubs long-term financial security . The stadiums frontage , often criticised for negatively portraying the stadium , was refurbished during late June and early July 2007 . This involved recladding portacabins that serve as Cambridge Uniteds offices and general maintenance of the stadiums car park . The following summer the rear wall of the Newmarket Road End was redecorated in amber with a black Amber Army motif , a term for the clubs supporters . Non-football events . On Friday and Saturday 26–27 May 2006 , the Abbey Stadium hosted Cambridges first major outdoor pop concert under the title Abbey Aid . The capacity of the ground was , however , reduced for this event to around 7,000 , all of which was standing accommodation on the pitch . This was due to a failure to gain a safety certificate for the grounds stands as they were built without dynamic loading protection , a necessary feature for stands at a music concert . However , the concerts only attracted approximately 1,000 paying spectators on each night – well short of the numbers the organisers had anticipated – and the events ended up losing money . External links . - The Abbey on Cambridge Uniteds Official Site - Cambridge Community Stadium Trust homepage - Stadium images at StadiumDB.com
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Abbey Stadium is a football stadium in Cambridge , England . It has been the home ground of Cambridge United F.C . since 1932 , and currently has a maximum capacity of 8,127 spectators . Cambridge Regional College F.C. , Cambridge Uniteds feeder club , played their home games at The Abbey from 2006 until their dissolution in 2014 .",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": "The first match ever played at the Abbey was a friendly against a team from Cambridge University Press on 31 August 1932 . The record attendance at the ground ( 14,000 ) was also for a friendly , against Chelsea to mark the first use of the grounds new floodlights on 1 May 1970 . This was the first time an English League grounds record crowd had turned out to watch a friendly .",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": "Until well into the modern era , the Abbey Stadium was the only Football League ground to be styled a stadium , and was second only to Wembley Stadium in so being named . However , more recent ground moves and name changes have meant that a number of league clubs now play at grounds styled stadiums . For sponsorship reasons , the ground was until 2017 officially named the Cambs Glass Stadium . For similar reasons it has also previously been named the Trade Recruitment Stadium , and the R Costings Abbey Stadium . However , thanks to the",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": "cooperation of sponsors the ground has reverted to its original name of the Abbey Stadium .",
"title": "Abbey Stadium"
},
{
"text": " Abbey United ( as the club were then known ) had moved to Parkers Piece at the start of the 1930–31 season . Despite the special significance of Parkers Piece in the history of football , it being the first place where the Cambridge Rules were played out , the lack of spectator capacity and disruption caused during games meant this move was not a successful one .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Henry Francis , then president of the club , offered United a lifeline in 1931 when he donated land he had acquired to the club , and erected a grandstand and changing rooms on it . This land , where United have been resident since , was close to one of the clubs former grounds ( known as the Celery Trenches ) where , with the approval of the Cambridgeshire FA , the club played while the new ground was being prepared . The first match at the newly constructed Abbey ( though it was not known as this until",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "1961 ) was played on 31 August 1932 against Cambridge University Press . A grandstand was not opened until March 1934 , and subsequent stands were constructed between a period of many years up until 1954 when the final terrace , on the west of the ground ( now the Habbin Stand ) , was completed .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Much redevelopment has occurred since including the redevelopment of the main stand to include a roof and extra seating and , most recently , the erection of a new all-seated stand at the south of the ground to replace the original open terrace that had stood there since 1966 . Despite planning permission being granted for further development , as part of the same scheme , at the north end of the ground ( including an 86-bedroom hotel , retail space , new offices and a new supporters club ) , financial difficulties meant this has yet to be entered",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "into .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In the 1991–92 season , Cambridge were challenging for promotion to the forthcoming new Premier League and were faced with the prospect of changing Abbey Stadium into an all-seater venue , as all teams in the highest two divisions of the English league were obliged to be all-seater by 1994 due to the changes in legislation that followed the Hillsborough disaster of 1989 . But due to Cambridges subsequent decline ( they were back in the lowest division of the Football League within four years ) meant that the ground has changed very little in the last 15 years ,",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and with standing accommodation still permitted below the second tier of the English league there has been little pressure to make the stadium all-seater and in 2001 the clubs directors stated that it was their intention to retain standing accommodation for as long as they are at a level that will permit it .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The same financial difficulties meant the Abbey Stadium land , donated to the club by Henry Francis in 1931 , was sold to then director John Howards company Bideawhile 445 Ltd . in December 2004 . Although the club confirmed in January 2006 it had reached an agreement in principle to buy back the ground , this has not yet happened , but is seen as crucial in safeguarding its long-term financial security . Also in January 2006 , John Howard announced plans to move out of the Abbey Stadium to a new purpose built stadium in Milton . These",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "were criticised by fans as risking the clubs identity by moving out of the city and , despite Howard describing them as crucial to the clubs future , little else has been heard of them since .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In April 2008 , the club announced that for the first time , the corporate naming rights in the stadium had been sold . Although the clubs Chief Executive Norman Gautrey acknowledged that the fans would mourn the passing of the Abbey Stadium name , it was stated to be crucial to the clubs finances given the high annual rent on the ground . Trade Recruitment began a five-year sponsorship deal on 1 May 2008 for a total fee of £250,000 . In the June 2009 a new deal was announced with a St Ives-based legal firm to rename the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "stadium as the R Costings Abbey Stadium .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In March 2010 Cambridge Fans United started a project to purchase the Abbey Stadium from Bideawhile 445 Ltd . The attempt was unsuccessful and the stadium was sold to Grosvenor Estates for £3.5m . Positive talks between the club and Grosvenor have resulted in a significant rent reduction from the annual £240,000 being paid to previous ground owners Bideawhile over the next three years . Cambridge United , Grosvenor and their development partners , Great Shelford-based Wrenbridge , have also shaken hands on a memorandum of understanding to consider options for a new community stadium in Cambridgeshire .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - The Main Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand running the length of the east side of the pitch including a family area , dugouts and media box . - The Habbin Stand – a single-tier , all-terraced stand , opposite the Main Stand and named after Harry Habbin , a famous fan from the clubs early days . The south third of this stand is sometimes open for away fans .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "- The North Terrace – a single-tier , all-terraced stand running three-quarters of one end of the pitch , known among fans as the Newmarket Road End ( as it backs onto Newmarket Road ) .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "- The Marstons Smooth South Stand – a single-tier , all-seater stand , opened in 2002 . Previously known as ( officially , but not often ) the Heritage Conservatories Stand after the company won a competition to sponsor the stand in early 2004 , but now named after title sponsors Marstons who announced a 10-year sponsorship deal with Cambridge in August 2007 . This stand was primarily built to house away fans however it is often used to seat home supporters ( at ticket promotion matches ) . At the same time that the South Stand was constructed a",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "new Police control centre was built to the west of the stand . This building also houses emergency medical facilities for players and spectators .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "The club planned to redevelop the ground ( including building an all-seater stand on the North Terrace with new accommodation for the clubs staff and incorporating a medium-sized hotel and new function room into the site ) , but after a series of financial crises , the club sold the ground in November 2004 to Bideawhile Ltd , a company partly owned by Cambridge United director John Howard , on a sale and lease back scheme for a reported £2 million . The clubs supporters have since launched the Cambridge Community Stadium Trust , which is striving to buy back",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "the ground , a step that is seen as necessary to secure the clubs long-term financial security .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": " The stadiums frontage , often criticised for negatively portraying the stadium , was refurbished during late June and early July 2007 . This involved recladding portacabins that serve as Cambridge Uniteds offices and general maintenance of the stadiums car park . The following summer the rear wall of the Newmarket Road End was redecorated in amber with a black Amber Army motif , a term for the clubs supporters .",
"title": "Current stands"
},
{
"text": "On Friday and Saturday 26–27 May 2006 , the Abbey Stadium hosted Cambridges first major outdoor pop concert under the title Abbey Aid . The capacity of the ground was , however , reduced for this event to around 7,000 , all of which was standing accommodation on the pitch . This was due to a failure to gain a safety certificate for the grounds stands as they were built without dynamic loading protection , a necessary feature for stands at a music concert . However , the concerts only attracted approximately 1,000 paying spectators on each night – well",
"title": "Non-football events"
},
{
"text": "short of the numbers the organisers had anticipated – and the events ended up losing money .",
"title": "Non-football events"
},
{
"text": " - The Abbey on Cambridge Uniteds Official Site - Cambridge Community Stadium Trust homepage - Stadium images at StadiumDB.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov#P27#0
|
What was the nationality of Mikhail Baryshnikov before Nov 1973?
|
Mikhail Baryshnikov Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov ( ; ; born January 27 , 1948 ) is a Soviet Latvian-born Russian-American dancer , choreographer , and actor . He was the preeminent male classical dancer of the 1970s and 1980s . He subsequently became a noted dance director . Born in Riga , Latvian SSR , Baryshnikov had a promising start in the Kirov Ballet in Leningrad before defecting to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in Western dance . After dancing with American Ballet Theatre , he joined the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for one season to learn George Balanchines neoclassical Russian style of movement . He then returned with the American Ballet Theatre , where he later became artistic director . Baryshnikov has spearheaded many of his own artistic projects and has been associated in particular with promoting modern dance , premiering dozens of new works , including many of his own . His success as a dramatic actor on stage , cinema and television has helped him become probably the most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer . Baryshnikov has never returned to Russia since his 1974 defection and has been a naturalized citizen of the United States since 1986 . In 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits . In 1977 , he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of Yuri Kopeikine in the film The Turning Point . He starred in the movie White Nights with Gregory Hines , Helen Mirren , and Isabella Rossellini , and had a recurring role in the last season of the television series Sex and the City . Early life . Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in Riga , then Latvian SSR , Soviet Union , now Latvia . His parents were Russians : Alexandra ( a dressmaker ; née Kiselyova ) and Nikolay Baryshnikov ( an engineer ) . According to Baryshnikov , his father was a strict , nationalist military man , and his mother introduced him to the theater , opera and ballet . She died by suicide when he was 12 . Dancing career . 1960–1974 : Early years . Baryshnikov began his ballet studies in Riga in 1960 , at the age of 12 . In 1964 , he entered the Vaganova School , in what was then Leningrad ( now St . Petersburg ) . Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition . He joined the Mariinsky Ballet , then called the Kirov Ballet , in 1967 , dancing the Peasant pas de deux in Giselle . Recognizing Baryshnikovs talent , in particular his stage presence and purity of technique , several Soviet choreographers , including Oleg Vinogradov , Konstantin Sergeyev , Igor Tchernichov , and Leonid Jakobson , choreographed ballets for him . Baryshnikov made signature roles of Jakobsons 1969 virtuosic Vestris along with an intensely emotional Albrecht in Giselle . While he was still in the Soviet Union , New York Times critic Clive Barnes called him the most perfect dancer I have ever seen . 1974 : Defection to Canada . Baryshnikovs talent was obvious from his youth , but being 5 5 ( 165 cm ) or 5 6 ( 168 cm ) tall—shorter than most dancers—he could not tower over a ballerina en pointe and was therefore relegated to secondary parts . More frustrating to him , the Soviet dance world hewed closely to 19th-century traditions and deliberately shunned Western choreographers , whose work Baryshnikov glimpsed in occasional tours and films . His main reason for leaving the Soviet Union was to work with these innovators . On June 29 , 1974 , while on tour in Canada with the Bolshoi , Baryshnikov defected , requesting political asylum in Toronto , and joined the National Ballet of Canada for a brief time in a guest role . He also announced that he would not return to the USSR . He later said that Christina Berlin , an American friend , helped engineer his defection during his 1970 tour of London . His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in La Sylphide . He then went to the United States . In December 1975 , he and his dance partner Natalia Makarova featured prominently in an episode of the BBC television series Arena . In the first two years after his defection , he danced for no fewer than 13 different choreographers , including Jerome Robbins , Glen Tetley , Alvin Ailey , and Twyla Tharp . It doesnt matter if every ballet is a success or not , he told New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff in 1976 . The new experience gives me a lot . He cited his fascination with the ways Ailey mixed classical and modern technique and his initial discomfort when Tharp insisted he incorporate eccentric personal gestures in dance . 1974–1978 : Principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre . From 1974 to 1978 , Baryshnikov was a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre ( ABT ) , where he partnered with Gelsey Kirkland . 1978–1979 : Principal dancer with the New York City Ballet . In 1978 , Baryshnikov abandoned his freelance career to spend 18 months as a principal of the New York City Ballet , run by George Balanchine . Mr . B , as Balanchine was known , rarely welcomed guest artists and had refused to work with both Nureyev and Makarova . Baryshnikovs decision to devote his full attentions to the New York company stunned the dance world . Balanchine never created a new work for Baryshnikov , but he did coach him in his distinctive style , and Baryshnikov triumphed in such signature roles as Apollo , The Prodigal Son , and Rubies . Jerome Robbins created Opus 19/The Dreamer for Baryshnikov and NYCB favorite Patricia McBride . Baryshnikov performed with the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for 15 months from 1978 to 1979 . On July 8 , 1978 , he made his debut with George Balanchines and Lincoln Kirsteins company at Saratoga Springs , appearing as Franz in Coppélia . On October 12 , 1979 , Baryshnikov danced the role of the Poet in Balanchines ballet La Sonnambula with the City Ballet at the Kennedy Center . This was his last performance with New York City Ballet due to tendinitis and other injuries . His tenure there coincided with a period of ill health for Balanchine that followed an earlier heart attack and culminated in successful heart surgery in June 1979 . Baryshnikov left the company to become ABTs artistic director in September 1980 , and take time off for his injuries . 1980–2002 : Artistic director of the American Ballet Theatre and White Oak Dance Project . Baryshnikov returned to the American Ballet Theatre in September 1980 as an artistic director , a position he held until 1989 . He also performed as a dancer with ABT . Baryshnikov has remained fascinated with the new . As he observed , It doesnt matter how high you lift your leg . The technique is about transparency , simplicity and making an earnest attempt . Baryshnikov also toured with ballet and modern dance companies around the world for 15 months . Several roles were created for him , including in Robbinss Opus 19 : The Dreamer ( 1979 ) , Frederick Ashtons Rhapsody ( 1980 ) , and Robbinss Other Dances , with Natalia Makarova . From 1990 to 2002 , Baryshnikov was artistic director of the White Oak Dance Project , a touring company he co-founded with Mark Morris . The White Oak Project was formed to create original work for older dancers . In a run ending just short of his 60th birthday in 2007 , he appeared in a production of four short plays by Samuel Beckett directed by JoAnne Akalaitis . Baryshnikov was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999 . In 2000 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts . 2002–present : Baryshnikov Arts Center and awards . In 2003 , Baryshnikov won the Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement . In 2005 , he launched the Baryshnikov Arts Center in New York . For the duration of the 2006 summer , Baryshnikov went on tour with Hells Kitchen Dance , which was sponsored by the Baryshnikov Arts Center . Featuring works by Baryshnikov Arts Center residents Azsure Barton and Benjamin Millepied , the company toured the United States and Brazil . He has received three honorary degrees : on May 11 , 2006 , from New York University ; on September 28 , 2007 , from Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University ; and on May 23 , 2008 , from Montclair State University . In late August 2007 , Baryshnikov performed Mats Eks Place ( Ställe ) with Ana Laguna at Dansens Hus in Stockholm . In 2012 , he received the Vilcek Prize in Dance . Baryshnikov has performed in Israel three times : in 1996 , with the White Oak Dance Project at the Roman theater in Caesarea ; in 2010 , with Ana Laguna ; and in 2011 , starring in nine performances of In Paris , a show after a short story by Ivan Bunin , at the Suzanne Dellal Center in Tel Aviv . In a 2011 Haaretz interview , he expressed opposition to artistic boycotts of Israel and called the enthusiasm for contemporary dance in Israel astounding . Repertoire . Baryshnikov worked with George Balanchine and as a regular guest artist with the Royal Ballet . - Franz in Coppélia - Albrecht in Giselle Film , television and theater . Baryshnikov made his American television dancing debut in 1976 , on the PBS program In Performance Live from Wolf Trap . The program is distributed on DVD by Kultur Video . During the Christmas season of 1977 , CBS brought Baryshnikovs ABT production of Tchaikovskys The Nutcracker to television , with Baryshnikov in the title role , accompanied by ABT performers including Gelsey Kirkland and Alexander Minz . The Nutcracker has been presented on TV many times in many different versions , but Baryshnikovs version is one of only two to be nominated for an Emmy Award . Baryshnikov also performed in two Emmy-winning television specials , one on ABC and one on CBS , in which he danced to music from Broadway and Hollywood , respectively . During the 1970s and 1980s , he appeared many times with the ABT on Live from Lincoln Center and Great Performances . He has also appeared on several telecasts of the Kennedy Center Honors . Baryshnikov performed in his first film role soon after arriving in New York . He portrayed the character Yuri Kopeikine , a famous , womanizing Russian ballet dancer , in the 1977 film The Turning Point , for which he received an Oscar nomination . He co-starred with Gregory Hines and Isabella Rossellini in the 1985 film White Nights , choreographed by Twyla Tharp , and was featured in the 1987 film Dancers . On television , in the last season of Sex and the City , he played a Russian artist , Aleksandr Petrovsky , who woos Carrie Bradshaw relentlessly and takes her to Paris . He co-starred in Company Business ( 1991 ) with Gene Hackman . An animated TV series , Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood , appeared on American PBS networks from 1996 to 1998 . The cartoons were produced by the Russian animation house Soyuzmultfilm , and redubbed by American actors , including Jim Belushi , Laura San Giacomo , Harvey Fierstein and Kirsten Dunst . Baryshnikov hosted the show , presenting his favorite folktales , including Beauty and the Beast : A Tale of the Crimson Flower , The Snow Queen , The Last Petal and The Golden Rooster . The episodes were also released on home video . On November 2 , 2006 , Baryshnikov and chef Alice Waters were featured on an episode of the Sundance Channels original series Iconoclasts . The two have a long friendship . They discussed their lifestyles , sources of inspiration , and social projects . During the program , Waters visited Baryshnikovs Arts Center in New York City . The Hells Kitchen Dance tour brought him to Berkeley to visit her restaurant Chez Panisse . On July 17 , 2007 , the PBS News Hour with Jim Lehrer featured a profile of Baryshnikov and his Arts Center . He appears , uncredited , in the 2014 film as Interior Minister Sorokin . In a continuation of his interest in modern dance , Baryshnikov appeared in a 2015 commercial for the clothing designer Rag & Bone with street dance artist Lil Buck . On stage as an actor . Baryshnikov is a performer in avant-garde theater . His breakthrough performance in Broadway was in 1989 , when he played Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis , an adaption of Franz Kafkas novel . It earned him a Tony nomination . In 2004 , Baryshnikov appeared in Forbidden Christmas or The Doctor And The Patient at New York Citys Lincoln Center , and in 2007 in Beckett Shorts at New York Theatre Workshop . On April 11–21 , 2012 , he starred in In Paris , a new play directed by Dmitry Krymov . It was presented on the Santa Monica College Performing Arts Centers Broad Stage and co-starred Anna Sinyakina . Baryshnikov then appeared in the stage adaptation of Anton Chekhovs Man in a Case . Of the production , he said : On April 21 , 2015 , The New York Times reported that Baryshnikov was scheduled to perform a reading of poet Joseph Brodskys work in Riga in 2015 . The performance was called Brodsky/Baryshnikov , was in the original Russian , and premiered on October 15 , 2015 . Its international tour began in Tel Aviv in January 2016 and it was staged in New York City in March 2016 . ( Baryshnikov met Brodsky in 1974 , soon after Soviet authorities had forced Brodsky to leave his home country and he moved to the United States . They remained friends until Brodskys death in 1996. ) Personal life . Baryshnikov has a daughter , Aleksandra Shura Baryshnikova , from his relationship with actress Jessica Lange . When Baryshnikov and Lange met , he spoke very little English ; they communicated in French instead . He eventually learned English by watching television . From 1982 to 1983 he dated Tuesday Weld , Langes best friend . Baryshnikov has had a long-term relationship with former ballerina Lisa Rinehart . They had three children together : Peter , Anna , and Sofia . He told Larry King in 2002 that he did not believe in marriage in the conventional way , but he and Rinehart married in 2006 . Baryshnikov endorsed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton for president in 2016 . Citizenship . On July 3 , 1986 , Baryshnikov became a naturalized citizen of the United States . Asked whether he felt like an American , he said , I like to think like Im a man of the world . I feel totally Parisian in Paris . Totally Parisian . I have my place here , a lot of close friends and collaborators here , whom I can really feel like I can talk serious business with them . Human business , not business business . Paris was always the dream of my childhood . We grew up on French art , like all Russians . America , United States , North America—its a new country . Of course , if somebody would ask me to choose either Paris or New York , I would choose New York . But spiritually , somehow , I love Europe . On April 27 , 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits . The application to the Latvian parliament along with a letter from Baryshnikov in which he expressed his wish to become a Latvian citizen was submitted on December 21 , 2016 . He wrote that the decision was based on memories of his first 16 years living in Latvia , which provided the basis for the rest of his life . It was there that my exposure to the arts led me to discover my future destiny as a performer . Riga still serves as a place where I find artistic inspiration , Baryshnikov wrote in the letter to the Latvian parliament . At the time there were tensions in Latvia with ethnic Russians like Baryshnikov , whose father worked for the USSR military . Awards . - 1966 Varna International Ballet Competition ( gold medal , junior division ) - 1969 Moscow International Ballet Competition ( gold medal ) - 1969 Nijinsky Prize , Paris Academy of Dance , for performance in Vestris . - 1977 Academy Award nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for The Turning Point . - 1977 Golden Globe nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Foreign Film Press for The Turning Point . - 1978 Award from Dance magazine . - 1979 D.F.A . from Yale University . - 1987 Man of the Year from the Hasty Pudding Theatricals , USA - 2000 Kennedy Center Honor . - 2004 Jerome Robbins Prize . - 2005 National Arts Award . - 2006 George and Judy Marcus Prize for Lifetime Achievement . - 2006 Honorary degree from New York University . - 2007 Honorary degree from Shenandoah University Conservatory . - 2008 Honorary degree from Montclair State University . - 2019 Honorary degree from University of Southern California . Filmography . Television appearances . Specials Also appeared in Prodigal Son , The Steadfast Tin Soldier , Tchaikovsky Pas de Deux , and Other Dances , all Dance in America , PBS ; Baryshnikov : The Dancer and the Dance , PBS ; and Carmen , on French television . Sex and the City : Aleksandr Petrovsky , HBO Series - The Magic of Dance , 1982 - Host , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997 Television work Series - Producer , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997 Television artistic director Specials - Baryshnikov by Tharp with the American Ballet Theatre , Dance in America , PBS , 1984 Television choreographer Specials - The Nutcracker , CBS , 1977 - Celebrating Gershwin , Great Performances , PBS , 1987
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov ( ; ; born January 27 , 1948 ) is a Soviet Latvian-born Russian-American dancer , choreographer , and actor . He was the preeminent male classical dancer of the 1970s and 1980s . He subsequently became a noted dance director .",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": "Born in Riga , Latvian SSR , Baryshnikov had a promising start in the Kirov Ballet in Leningrad before defecting to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in Western dance . After dancing with American Ballet Theatre , he joined the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for one season to learn George Balanchines neoclassical Russian style of movement . He then returned with the American Ballet Theatre , where he later became artistic director . Baryshnikov has spearheaded many of his own artistic projects and has been associated in particular with promoting modern dance , premiering dozens",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": "of new works , including many of his own . His success as a dramatic actor on stage , cinema and television has helped him become probably the most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer . Baryshnikov has never returned to Russia since his 1974 defection and has been a naturalized citizen of the United States since 1986 . In 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits .",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": " In 1977 , he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of Yuri Kopeikine in the film The Turning Point . He starred in the movie White Nights with Gregory Hines , Helen Mirren , and Isabella Rossellini , and had a recurring role in the last season of the television series Sex and the City .",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": " Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in Riga , then Latvian SSR , Soviet Union , now Latvia . His parents were Russians : Alexandra ( a dressmaker ; née Kiselyova ) and Nikolay Baryshnikov ( an engineer ) . According to Baryshnikov , his father was a strict , nationalist military man , and his mother introduced him to the theater , opera and ballet . She died by suicide when he was 12 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov began his ballet studies in Riga in 1960 , at the age of 12 . In 1964 , he entered the Vaganova School , in what was then Leningrad ( now St . Petersburg ) . Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition . He joined the Mariinsky Ballet , then called the Kirov Ballet , in 1967 , dancing the Peasant pas de deux in Giselle . Recognizing Baryshnikovs talent , in particular his stage presence and purity of technique , several Soviet choreographers , including Oleg Vinogradov ,",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "Konstantin Sergeyev , Igor Tchernichov , and Leonid Jakobson , choreographed ballets for him . Baryshnikov made signature roles of Jakobsons 1969 virtuosic Vestris along with an intensely emotional Albrecht in Giselle . While he was still in the Soviet Union , New York Times critic Clive Barnes called him the most perfect dancer I have ever seen .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " 1974 : Defection to Canada . Baryshnikovs talent was obvious from his youth , but being 5 5 ( 165 cm ) or 5 6 ( 168 cm ) tall—shorter than most dancers—he could not tower over a ballerina en pointe and was therefore relegated to secondary parts . More frustrating to him , the Soviet dance world hewed closely to 19th-century traditions and deliberately shunned Western choreographers , whose work Baryshnikov glimpsed in occasional tours and films . His main reason for leaving the Soviet Union was to work with these innovators .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "On June 29 , 1974 , while on tour in Canada with the Bolshoi , Baryshnikov defected , requesting political asylum in Toronto , and joined the National Ballet of Canada for a brief time in a guest role . He also announced that he would not return to the USSR . He later said that Christina Berlin , an American friend , helped engineer his defection during his 1970 tour of London . His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in La Sylphide . He then went",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "to the United States . In December 1975 , he and his dance partner Natalia Makarova featured prominently in an episode of the BBC television series Arena .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " In the first two years after his defection , he danced for no fewer than 13 different choreographers , including Jerome Robbins , Glen Tetley , Alvin Ailey , and Twyla Tharp . It doesnt matter if every ballet is a success or not , he told New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff in 1976 . The new experience gives me a lot . He cited his fascination with the ways Ailey mixed classical and modern technique and his initial discomfort when Tharp insisted he incorporate eccentric personal gestures in dance .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "1974–1978 : Principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " From 1974 to 1978 , Baryshnikov was a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre ( ABT ) , where he partnered with Gelsey Kirkland . 1978–1979 : Principal dancer with the New York City Ballet .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "In 1978 , Baryshnikov abandoned his freelance career to spend 18 months as a principal of the New York City Ballet , run by George Balanchine . Mr . B , as Balanchine was known , rarely welcomed guest artists and had refused to work with both Nureyev and Makarova . Baryshnikovs decision to devote his full attentions to the New York company stunned the dance world . Balanchine never created a new work for Baryshnikov , but he did coach him in his distinctive style , and Baryshnikov triumphed in such signature roles as Apollo , The Prodigal Son",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": ", and Rubies . Jerome Robbins created Opus 19/The Dreamer for Baryshnikov and NYCB favorite Patricia McBride .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov performed with the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for 15 months from 1978 to 1979 . On July 8 , 1978 , he made his debut with George Balanchines and Lincoln Kirsteins company at Saratoga Springs , appearing as Franz in Coppélia .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "On October 12 , 1979 , Baryshnikov danced the role of the Poet in Balanchines ballet La Sonnambula with the City Ballet at the Kennedy Center . This was his last performance with New York City Ballet due to tendinitis and other injuries . His tenure there coincided with a period of ill health for Balanchine that followed an earlier heart attack and culminated in successful heart surgery in June 1979 . Baryshnikov left the company to become ABTs artistic director in September 1980 , and take time off for his injuries .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " 1980–2002 : Artistic director of the American Ballet Theatre and White Oak Dance Project .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov returned to the American Ballet Theatre in September 1980 as an artistic director , a position he held until 1989 . He also performed as a dancer with ABT . Baryshnikov has remained fascinated with the new . As he observed , It doesnt matter how high you lift your leg . The technique is about transparency , simplicity and making an earnest attempt . Baryshnikov also toured with ballet and modern dance companies around the world for 15 months . Several roles were created for him , including in Robbinss Opus 19 : The Dreamer ( 1979 )",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": ", Frederick Ashtons Rhapsody ( 1980 ) , and Robbinss Other Dances , with Natalia Makarova .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " From 1990 to 2002 , Baryshnikov was artistic director of the White Oak Dance Project , a touring company he co-founded with Mark Morris . The White Oak Project was formed to create original work for older dancers . In a run ending just short of his 60th birthday in 2007 , he appeared in a production of four short plays by Samuel Beckett directed by JoAnne Akalaitis . Baryshnikov was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999 . In 2000 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "2002–present : Baryshnikov Arts Center and awards .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Baryshnikov won the Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement . In 2005 , he launched the Baryshnikov Arts Center in New York . For the duration of the 2006 summer , Baryshnikov went on tour with Hells Kitchen Dance , which was sponsored by the Baryshnikov Arts Center . Featuring works by Baryshnikov Arts Center residents Azsure Barton and Benjamin Millepied , the company toured the United States and Brazil . He has received three honorary degrees : on May 11 , 2006 , from New York University ; on September 28 , 2007 ,",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "from Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University ; and on May 23 , 2008 , from Montclair State University . In late August 2007 , Baryshnikov performed Mats Eks Place ( Ställe ) with Ana Laguna at Dansens Hus in Stockholm . In 2012 , he received the Vilcek Prize in Dance .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov has performed in Israel three times : in 1996 , with the White Oak Dance Project at the Roman theater in Caesarea ; in 2010 , with Ana Laguna ; and in 2011 , starring in nine performances of In Paris , a show after a short story by Ivan Bunin , at the Suzanne Dellal Center in Tel Aviv . In a 2011 Haaretz interview , he expressed opposition to artistic boycotts of Israel and called the enthusiasm for contemporary dance in Israel astounding .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov worked with George Balanchine and as a regular guest artist with the Royal Ballet . - Franz in Coppélia - Albrecht in Giselle Film , television and theater . Baryshnikov made his American television dancing debut in 1976 , on the PBS program In Performance Live from Wolf Trap . The program is distributed on DVD by Kultur Video .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "During the Christmas season of 1977 , CBS brought Baryshnikovs ABT production of Tchaikovskys The Nutcracker to television , with Baryshnikov in the title role , accompanied by ABT performers including Gelsey Kirkland and Alexander Minz . The Nutcracker has been presented on TV many times in many different versions , but Baryshnikovs version is one of only two to be nominated for an Emmy Award .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov also performed in two Emmy-winning television specials , one on ABC and one on CBS , in which he danced to music from Broadway and Hollywood , respectively . During the 1970s and 1980s , he appeared many times with the ABT on Live from Lincoln Center and Great Performances . He has also appeared on several telecasts of the Kennedy Center Honors .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov performed in his first film role soon after arriving in New York . He portrayed the character Yuri Kopeikine , a famous , womanizing Russian ballet dancer , in the 1977 film The Turning Point , for which he received an Oscar nomination . He co-starred with Gregory Hines and Isabella Rossellini in the 1985 film White Nights , choreographed by Twyla Tharp , and was featured in the 1987 film Dancers . On television , in the last season of Sex and the City , he played a Russian artist , Aleksandr Petrovsky , who woos Carrie Bradshaw",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "relentlessly and takes her to Paris . He co-starred in Company Business ( 1991 ) with Gene Hackman .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " An animated TV series , Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood , appeared on American PBS networks from 1996 to 1998 . The cartoons were produced by the Russian animation house Soyuzmultfilm , and redubbed by American actors , including Jim Belushi , Laura San Giacomo , Harvey Fierstein and Kirsten Dunst . Baryshnikov hosted the show , presenting his favorite folktales , including Beauty and the Beast : A Tale of the Crimson Flower , The Snow Queen , The Last Petal and The Golden Rooster . The episodes were also released on home video .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "On November 2 , 2006 , Baryshnikov and chef Alice Waters were featured on an episode of the Sundance Channels original series Iconoclasts . The two have a long friendship . They discussed their lifestyles , sources of inspiration , and social projects . During the program , Waters visited Baryshnikovs Arts Center in New York City . The Hells Kitchen Dance tour brought him to Berkeley to visit her restaurant Chez Panisse . On July 17 , 2007 , the PBS News Hour with Jim Lehrer featured a profile of Baryshnikov and his Arts Center . He appears ,",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "uncredited , in the 2014 film as Interior Minister Sorokin .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " In a continuation of his interest in modern dance , Baryshnikov appeared in a 2015 commercial for the clothing designer Rag & Bone with street dance artist Lil Buck . On stage as an actor . Baryshnikov is a performer in avant-garde theater . His breakthrough performance in Broadway was in 1989 , when he played Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis , an adaption of Franz Kafkas novel . It earned him a Tony nomination .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , Baryshnikov appeared in Forbidden Christmas or The Doctor And The Patient at New York Citys Lincoln Center , and in 2007 in Beckett Shorts at New York Theatre Workshop . On April 11–21 , 2012 , he starred in In Paris , a new play directed by Dmitry Krymov . It was presented on the Santa Monica College Performing Arts Centers Broad Stage and co-starred Anna Sinyakina . Baryshnikov then appeared in the stage adaptation of Anton Chekhovs Man in a Case . Of the production , he said :",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "On April 21 , 2015 , The New York Times reported that Baryshnikov was scheduled to perform a reading of poet Joseph Brodskys work in Riga in 2015 . The performance was called Brodsky/Baryshnikov , was in the original Russian , and premiered on October 15 , 2015 . Its international tour began in Tel Aviv in January 2016 and it was staged in New York City in March 2016 . ( Baryshnikov met Brodsky in 1974 , soon after Soviet authorities had forced Brodsky to leave his home country and he moved to the United States . They remained",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "friends until Brodskys death in 1996. )",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov has a daughter , Aleksandra Shura Baryshnikova , from his relationship with actress Jessica Lange . When Baryshnikov and Lange met , he spoke very little English ; they communicated in French instead . He eventually learned English by watching television . From 1982 to 1983 he dated Tuesday Weld , Langes best friend .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov has had a long-term relationship with former ballerina Lisa Rinehart . They had three children together : Peter , Anna , and Sofia . He told Larry King in 2002 that he did not believe in marriage in the conventional way , but he and Rinehart married in 2006 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "On July 3 , 1986 , Baryshnikov became a naturalized citizen of the United States . Asked whether he felt like an American , he said , I like to think like Im a man of the world . I feel totally Parisian in Paris . Totally Parisian . I have my place here , a lot of close friends and collaborators here , whom I can really feel like I can talk serious business with them . Human business , not business business . Paris was always the dream of my childhood . We grew up on French art",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": ", like all Russians . America , United States , North America—its a new country . Of course , if somebody would ask me to choose either Paris or New York , I would choose New York . But spiritually , somehow , I love Europe .",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": "On April 27 , 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits . The application to the Latvian parliament along with a letter from Baryshnikov in which he expressed his wish to become a Latvian citizen was submitted on December 21 , 2016 . He wrote that the decision was based on memories of his first 16 years living in Latvia , which provided the basis for the rest of his life . It was there that my exposure to the arts led me to discover my future destiny as a performer . Riga still serves",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": "as a place where I find artistic inspiration , Baryshnikov wrote in the letter to the Latvian parliament . At the time there were tensions in Latvia with ethnic Russians like Baryshnikov , whose father worked for the USSR military .",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": " - 1966 Varna International Ballet Competition ( gold medal , junior division ) - 1969 Moscow International Ballet Competition ( gold medal ) - 1969 Nijinsky Prize , Paris Academy of Dance , for performance in Vestris . - 1977 Academy Award nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for The Turning Point . - 1977 Golden Globe nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Foreign Film Press for The Turning Point . - 1978 Award from Dance magazine . - 1979 D.F.A . from Yale University .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- 1987 Man of the Year from the Hasty Pudding Theatricals , USA",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - 2000 Kennedy Center Honor . - 2004 Jerome Robbins Prize . - 2005 National Arts Award . - 2006 George and Judy Marcus Prize for Lifetime Achievement . - 2006 Honorary degree from New York University . - 2007 Honorary degree from Shenandoah University Conservatory . - 2008 Honorary degree from Montclair State University . - 2019 Honorary degree from University of Southern California .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " Also appeared in Prodigal Son , The Steadfast Tin Soldier , Tchaikovsky Pas de Deux , and Other Dances , all Dance in America , PBS ; Baryshnikov : The Dancer and the Dance , PBS ; and Carmen , on French television . Sex and the City : Aleksandr Petrovsky , HBO",
"title": "Specials"
},
{
"text": " - The Magic of Dance , 1982 - Host , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997",
"title": "Series"
},
{
"text": " - Producer , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997",
"title": "Series"
},
{
"text": " - Baryshnikov by Tharp with the American Ballet Theatre , Dance in America , PBS , 1984",
"title": "Specials"
},
{
"text": " - The Nutcracker , CBS , 1977 - Celebrating Gershwin , Great Performances , PBS , 1987",
"title": "Specials"
}
] |
/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov#P27#1
|
What was the nationality of Mikhail Baryshnikov between Nov 2004 and Sep 2014?
|
Mikhail Baryshnikov Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov ( ; ; born January 27 , 1948 ) is a Soviet Latvian-born Russian-American dancer , choreographer , and actor . He was the preeminent male classical dancer of the 1970s and 1980s . He subsequently became a noted dance director . Born in Riga , Latvian SSR , Baryshnikov had a promising start in the Kirov Ballet in Leningrad before defecting to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in Western dance . After dancing with American Ballet Theatre , he joined the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for one season to learn George Balanchines neoclassical Russian style of movement . He then returned with the American Ballet Theatre , where he later became artistic director . Baryshnikov has spearheaded many of his own artistic projects and has been associated in particular with promoting modern dance , premiering dozens of new works , including many of his own . His success as a dramatic actor on stage , cinema and television has helped him become probably the most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer . Baryshnikov has never returned to Russia since his 1974 defection and has been a naturalized citizen of the United States since 1986 . In 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits . In 1977 , he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of Yuri Kopeikine in the film The Turning Point . He starred in the movie White Nights with Gregory Hines , Helen Mirren , and Isabella Rossellini , and had a recurring role in the last season of the television series Sex and the City . Early life . Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in Riga , then Latvian SSR , Soviet Union , now Latvia . His parents were Russians : Alexandra ( a dressmaker ; née Kiselyova ) and Nikolay Baryshnikov ( an engineer ) . According to Baryshnikov , his father was a strict , nationalist military man , and his mother introduced him to the theater , opera and ballet . She died by suicide when he was 12 . Dancing career . 1960–1974 : Early years . Baryshnikov began his ballet studies in Riga in 1960 , at the age of 12 . In 1964 , he entered the Vaganova School , in what was then Leningrad ( now St . Petersburg ) . Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition . He joined the Mariinsky Ballet , then called the Kirov Ballet , in 1967 , dancing the Peasant pas de deux in Giselle . Recognizing Baryshnikovs talent , in particular his stage presence and purity of technique , several Soviet choreographers , including Oleg Vinogradov , Konstantin Sergeyev , Igor Tchernichov , and Leonid Jakobson , choreographed ballets for him . Baryshnikov made signature roles of Jakobsons 1969 virtuosic Vestris along with an intensely emotional Albrecht in Giselle . While he was still in the Soviet Union , New York Times critic Clive Barnes called him the most perfect dancer I have ever seen . 1974 : Defection to Canada . Baryshnikovs talent was obvious from his youth , but being 5 5 ( 165 cm ) or 5 6 ( 168 cm ) tall—shorter than most dancers—he could not tower over a ballerina en pointe and was therefore relegated to secondary parts . More frustrating to him , the Soviet dance world hewed closely to 19th-century traditions and deliberately shunned Western choreographers , whose work Baryshnikov glimpsed in occasional tours and films . His main reason for leaving the Soviet Union was to work with these innovators . On June 29 , 1974 , while on tour in Canada with the Bolshoi , Baryshnikov defected , requesting political asylum in Toronto , and joined the National Ballet of Canada for a brief time in a guest role . He also announced that he would not return to the USSR . He later said that Christina Berlin , an American friend , helped engineer his defection during his 1970 tour of London . His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in La Sylphide . He then went to the United States . In December 1975 , he and his dance partner Natalia Makarova featured prominently in an episode of the BBC television series Arena . In the first two years after his defection , he danced for no fewer than 13 different choreographers , including Jerome Robbins , Glen Tetley , Alvin Ailey , and Twyla Tharp . It doesnt matter if every ballet is a success or not , he told New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff in 1976 . The new experience gives me a lot . He cited his fascination with the ways Ailey mixed classical and modern technique and his initial discomfort when Tharp insisted he incorporate eccentric personal gestures in dance . 1974–1978 : Principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre . From 1974 to 1978 , Baryshnikov was a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre ( ABT ) , where he partnered with Gelsey Kirkland . 1978–1979 : Principal dancer with the New York City Ballet . In 1978 , Baryshnikov abandoned his freelance career to spend 18 months as a principal of the New York City Ballet , run by George Balanchine . Mr . B , as Balanchine was known , rarely welcomed guest artists and had refused to work with both Nureyev and Makarova . Baryshnikovs decision to devote his full attentions to the New York company stunned the dance world . Balanchine never created a new work for Baryshnikov , but he did coach him in his distinctive style , and Baryshnikov triumphed in such signature roles as Apollo , The Prodigal Son , and Rubies . Jerome Robbins created Opus 19/The Dreamer for Baryshnikov and NYCB favorite Patricia McBride . Baryshnikov performed with the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for 15 months from 1978 to 1979 . On July 8 , 1978 , he made his debut with George Balanchines and Lincoln Kirsteins company at Saratoga Springs , appearing as Franz in Coppélia . On October 12 , 1979 , Baryshnikov danced the role of the Poet in Balanchines ballet La Sonnambula with the City Ballet at the Kennedy Center . This was his last performance with New York City Ballet due to tendinitis and other injuries . His tenure there coincided with a period of ill health for Balanchine that followed an earlier heart attack and culminated in successful heart surgery in June 1979 . Baryshnikov left the company to become ABTs artistic director in September 1980 , and take time off for his injuries . 1980–2002 : Artistic director of the American Ballet Theatre and White Oak Dance Project . Baryshnikov returned to the American Ballet Theatre in September 1980 as an artistic director , a position he held until 1989 . He also performed as a dancer with ABT . Baryshnikov has remained fascinated with the new . As he observed , It doesnt matter how high you lift your leg . The technique is about transparency , simplicity and making an earnest attempt . Baryshnikov also toured with ballet and modern dance companies around the world for 15 months . Several roles were created for him , including in Robbinss Opus 19 : The Dreamer ( 1979 ) , Frederick Ashtons Rhapsody ( 1980 ) , and Robbinss Other Dances , with Natalia Makarova . From 1990 to 2002 , Baryshnikov was artistic director of the White Oak Dance Project , a touring company he co-founded with Mark Morris . The White Oak Project was formed to create original work for older dancers . In a run ending just short of his 60th birthday in 2007 , he appeared in a production of four short plays by Samuel Beckett directed by JoAnne Akalaitis . Baryshnikov was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999 . In 2000 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts . 2002–present : Baryshnikov Arts Center and awards . In 2003 , Baryshnikov won the Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement . In 2005 , he launched the Baryshnikov Arts Center in New York . For the duration of the 2006 summer , Baryshnikov went on tour with Hells Kitchen Dance , which was sponsored by the Baryshnikov Arts Center . Featuring works by Baryshnikov Arts Center residents Azsure Barton and Benjamin Millepied , the company toured the United States and Brazil . He has received three honorary degrees : on May 11 , 2006 , from New York University ; on September 28 , 2007 , from Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University ; and on May 23 , 2008 , from Montclair State University . In late August 2007 , Baryshnikov performed Mats Eks Place ( Ställe ) with Ana Laguna at Dansens Hus in Stockholm . In 2012 , he received the Vilcek Prize in Dance . Baryshnikov has performed in Israel three times : in 1996 , with the White Oak Dance Project at the Roman theater in Caesarea ; in 2010 , with Ana Laguna ; and in 2011 , starring in nine performances of In Paris , a show after a short story by Ivan Bunin , at the Suzanne Dellal Center in Tel Aviv . In a 2011 Haaretz interview , he expressed opposition to artistic boycotts of Israel and called the enthusiasm for contemporary dance in Israel astounding . Repertoire . Baryshnikov worked with George Balanchine and as a regular guest artist with the Royal Ballet . - Franz in Coppélia - Albrecht in Giselle Film , television and theater . Baryshnikov made his American television dancing debut in 1976 , on the PBS program In Performance Live from Wolf Trap . The program is distributed on DVD by Kultur Video . During the Christmas season of 1977 , CBS brought Baryshnikovs ABT production of Tchaikovskys The Nutcracker to television , with Baryshnikov in the title role , accompanied by ABT performers including Gelsey Kirkland and Alexander Minz . The Nutcracker has been presented on TV many times in many different versions , but Baryshnikovs version is one of only two to be nominated for an Emmy Award . Baryshnikov also performed in two Emmy-winning television specials , one on ABC and one on CBS , in which he danced to music from Broadway and Hollywood , respectively . During the 1970s and 1980s , he appeared many times with the ABT on Live from Lincoln Center and Great Performances . He has also appeared on several telecasts of the Kennedy Center Honors . Baryshnikov performed in his first film role soon after arriving in New York . He portrayed the character Yuri Kopeikine , a famous , womanizing Russian ballet dancer , in the 1977 film The Turning Point , for which he received an Oscar nomination . He co-starred with Gregory Hines and Isabella Rossellini in the 1985 film White Nights , choreographed by Twyla Tharp , and was featured in the 1987 film Dancers . On television , in the last season of Sex and the City , he played a Russian artist , Aleksandr Petrovsky , who woos Carrie Bradshaw relentlessly and takes her to Paris . He co-starred in Company Business ( 1991 ) with Gene Hackman . An animated TV series , Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood , appeared on American PBS networks from 1996 to 1998 . The cartoons were produced by the Russian animation house Soyuzmultfilm , and redubbed by American actors , including Jim Belushi , Laura San Giacomo , Harvey Fierstein and Kirsten Dunst . Baryshnikov hosted the show , presenting his favorite folktales , including Beauty and the Beast : A Tale of the Crimson Flower , The Snow Queen , The Last Petal and The Golden Rooster . The episodes were also released on home video . On November 2 , 2006 , Baryshnikov and chef Alice Waters were featured on an episode of the Sundance Channels original series Iconoclasts . The two have a long friendship . They discussed their lifestyles , sources of inspiration , and social projects . During the program , Waters visited Baryshnikovs Arts Center in New York City . The Hells Kitchen Dance tour brought him to Berkeley to visit her restaurant Chez Panisse . On July 17 , 2007 , the PBS News Hour with Jim Lehrer featured a profile of Baryshnikov and his Arts Center . He appears , uncredited , in the 2014 film as Interior Minister Sorokin . In a continuation of his interest in modern dance , Baryshnikov appeared in a 2015 commercial for the clothing designer Rag & Bone with street dance artist Lil Buck . On stage as an actor . Baryshnikov is a performer in avant-garde theater . His breakthrough performance in Broadway was in 1989 , when he played Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis , an adaption of Franz Kafkas novel . It earned him a Tony nomination . In 2004 , Baryshnikov appeared in Forbidden Christmas or The Doctor And The Patient at New York Citys Lincoln Center , and in 2007 in Beckett Shorts at New York Theatre Workshop . On April 11–21 , 2012 , he starred in In Paris , a new play directed by Dmitry Krymov . It was presented on the Santa Monica College Performing Arts Centers Broad Stage and co-starred Anna Sinyakina . Baryshnikov then appeared in the stage adaptation of Anton Chekhovs Man in a Case . Of the production , he said : On April 21 , 2015 , The New York Times reported that Baryshnikov was scheduled to perform a reading of poet Joseph Brodskys work in Riga in 2015 . The performance was called Brodsky/Baryshnikov , was in the original Russian , and premiered on October 15 , 2015 . Its international tour began in Tel Aviv in January 2016 and it was staged in New York City in March 2016 . ( Baryshnikov met Brodsky in 1974 , soon after Soviet authorities had forced Brodsky to leave his home country and he moved to the United States . They remained friends until Brodskys death in 1996. ) Personal life . Baryshnikov has a daughter , Aleksandra Shura Baryshnikova , from his relationship with actress Jessica Lange . When Baryshnikov and Lange met , he spoke very little English ; they communicated in French instead . He eventually learned English by watching television . From 1982 to 1983 he dated Tuesday Weld , Langes best friend . Baryshnikov has had a long-term relationship with former ballerina Lisa Rinehart . They had three children together : Peter , Anna , and Sofia . He told Larry King in 2002 that he did not believe in marriage in the conventional way , but he and Rinehart married in 2006 . Baryshnikov endorsed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton for president in 2016 . Citizenship . On July 3 , 1986 , Baryshnikov became a naturalized citizen of the United States . Asked whether he felt like an American , he said , I like to think like Im a man of the world . I feel totally Parisian in Paris . Totally Parisian . I have my place here , a lot of close friends and collaborators here , whom I can really feel like I can talk serious business with them . Human business , not business business . Paris was always the dream of my childhood . We grew up on French art , like all Russians . America , United States , North America—its a new country . Of course , if somebody would ask me to choose either Paris or New York , I would choose New York . But spiritually , somehow , I love Europe . On April 27 , 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits . The application to the Latvian parliament along with a letter from Baryshnikov in which he expressed his wish to become a Latvian citizen was submitted on December 21 , 2016 . He wrote that the decision was based on memories of his first 16 years living in Latvia , which provided the basis for the rest of his life . It was there that my exposure to the arts led me to discover my future destiny as a performer . Riga still serves as a place where I find artistic inspiration , Baryshnikov wrote in the letter to the Latvian parliament . At the time there were tensions in Latvia with ethnic Russians like Baryshnikov , whose father worked for the USSR military . Awards . - 1966 Varna International Ballet Competition ( gold medal , junior division ) - 1969 Moscow International Ballet Competition ( gold medal ) - 1969 Nijinsky Prize , Paris Academy of Dance , for performance in Vestris . - 1977 Academy Award nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for The Turning Point . - 1977 Golden Globe nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Foreign Film Press for The Turning Point . - 1978 Award from Dance magazine . - 1979 D.F.A . from Yale University . - 1987 Man of the Year from the Hasty Pudding Theatricals , USA - 2000 Kennedy Center Honor . - 2004 Jerome Robbins Prize . - 2005 National Arts Award . - 2006 George and Judy Marcus Prize for Lifetime Achievement . - 2006 Honorary degree from New York University . - 2007 Honorary degree from Shenandoah University Conservatory . - 2008 Honorary degree from Montclair State University . - 2019 Honorary degree from University of Southern California . Filmography . Television appearances . Specials Also appeared in Prodigal Son , The Steadfast Tin Soldier , Tchaikovsky Pas de Deux , and Other Dances , all Dance in America , PBS ; Baryshnikov : The Dancer and the Dance , PBS ; and Carmen , on French television . Sex and the City : Aleksandr Petrovsky , HBO Series - The Magic of Dance , 1982 - Host , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997 Television work Series - Producer , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997 Television artistic director Specials - Baryshnikov by Tharp with the American Ballet Theatre , Dance in America , PBS , 1984 Television choreographer Specials - The Nutcracker , CBS , 1977 - Celebrating Gershwin , Great Performances , PBS , 1987
|
[
"United States"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov ( ; ; born January 27 , 1948 ) is a Soviet Latvian-born Russian-American dancer , choreographer , and actor . He was the preeminent male classical dancer of the 1970s and 1980s . He subsequently became a noted dance director .",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": "Born in Riga , Latvian SSR , Baryshnikov had a promising start in the Kirov Ballet in Leningrad before defecting to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in Western dance . After dancing with American Ballet Theatre , he joined the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for one season to learn George Balanchines neoclassical Russian style of movement . He then returned with the American Ballet Theatre , where he later became artistic director . Baryshnikov has spearheaded many of his own artistic projects and has been associated in particular with promoting modern dance , premiering dozens",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": "of new works , including many of his own . His success as a dramatic actor on stage , cinema and television has helped him become probably the most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer . Baryshnikov has never returned to Russia since his 1974 defection and has been a naturalized citizen of the United States since 1986 . In 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits .",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": " In 1977 , he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of Yuri Kopeikine in the film The Turning Point . He starred in the movie White Nights with Gregory Hines , Helen Mirren , and Isabella Rossellini , and had a recurring role in the last season of the television series Sex and the City .",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": " Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in Riga , then Latvian SSR , Soviet Union , now Latvia . His parents were Russians : Alexandra ( a dressmaker ; née Kiselyova ) and Nikolay Baryshnikov ( an engineer ) . According to Baryshnikov , his father was a strict , nationalist military man , and his mother introduced him to the theater , opera and ballet . She died by suicide when he was 12 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov began his ballet studies in Riga in 1960 , at the age of 12 . In 1964 , he entered the Vaganova School , in what was then Leningrad ( now St . Petersburg ) . Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition . He joined the Mariinsky Ballet , then called the Kirov Ballet , in 1967 , dancing the Peasant pas de deux in Giselle . Recognizing Baryshnikovs talent , in particular his stage presence and purity of technique , several Soviet choreographers , including Oleg Vinogradov ,",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "Konstantin Sergeyev , Igor Tchernichov , and Leonid Jakobson , choreographed ballets for him . Baryshnikov made signature roles of Jakobsons 1969 virtuosic Vestris along with an intensely emotional Albrecht in Giselle . While he was still in the Soviet Union , New York Times critic Clive Barnes called him the most perfect dancer I have ever seen .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " 1974 : Defection to Canada . Baryshnikovs talent was obvious from his youth , but being 5 5 ( 165 cm ) or 5 6 ( 168 cm ) tall—shorter than most dancers—he could not tower over a ballerina en pointe and was therefore relegated to secondary parts . More frustrating to him , the Soviet dance world hewed closely to 19th-century traditions and deliberately shunned Western choreographers , whose work Baryshnikov glimpsed in occasional tours and films . His main reason for leaving the Soviet Union was to work with these innovators .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "On June 29 , 1974 , while on tour in Canada with the Bolshoi , Baryshnikov defected , requesting political asylum in Toronto , and joined the National Ballet of Canada for a brief time in a guest role . He also announced that he would not return to the USSR . He later said that Christina Berlin , an American friend , helped engineer his defection during his 1970 tour of London . His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in La Sylphide . He then went",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "to the United States . In December 1975 , he and his dance partner Natalia Makarova featured prominently in an episode of the BBC television series Arena .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " In the first two years after his defection , he danced for no fewer than 13 different choreographers , including Jerome Robbins , Glen Tetley , Alvin Ailey , and Twyla Tharp . It doesnt matter if every ballet is a success or not , he told New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff in 1976 . The new experience gives me a lot . He cited his fascination with the ways Ailey mixed classical and modern technique and his initial discomfort when Tharp insisted he incorporate eccentric personal gestures in dance .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "1974–1978 : Principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " From 1974 to 1978 , Baryshnikov was a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre ( ABT ) , where he partnered with Gelsey Kirkland . 1978–1979 : Principal dancer with the New York City Ballet .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "In 1978 , Baryshnikov abandoned his freelance career to spend 18 months as a principal of the New York City Ballet , run by George Balanchine . Mr . B , as Balanchine was known , rarely welcomed guest artists and had refused to work with both Nureyev and Makarova . Baryshnikovs decision to devote his full attentions to the New York company stunned the dance world . Balanchine never created a new work for Baryshnikov , but he did coach him in his distinctive style , and Baryshnikov triumphed in such signature roles as Apollo , The Prodigal Son",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": ", and Rubies . Jerome Robbins created Opus 19/The Dreamer for Baryshnikov and NYCB favorite Patricia McBride .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov performed with the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for 15 months from 1978 to 1979 . On July 8 , 1978 , he made his debut with George Balanchines and Lincoln Kirsteins company at Saratoga Springs , appearing as Franz in Coppélia .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "On October 12 , 1979 , Baryshnikov danced the role of the Poet in Balanchines ballet La Sonnambula with the City Ballet at the Kennedy Center . This was his last performance with New York City Ballet due to tendinitis and other injuries . His tenure there coincided with a period of ill health for Balanchine that followed an earlier heart attack and culminated in successful heart surgery in June 1979 . Baryshnikov left the company to become ABTs artistic director in September 1980 , and take time off for his injuries .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " 1980–2002 : Artistic director of the American Ballet Theatre and White Oak Dance Project .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov returned to the American Ballet Theatre in September 1980 as an artistic director , a position he held until 1989 . He also performed as a dancer with ABT . Baryshnikov has remained fascinated with the new . As he observed , It doesnt matter how high you lift your leg . The technique is about transparency , simplicity and making an earnest attempt . Baryshnikov also toured with ballet and modern dance companies around the world for 15 months . Several roles were created for him , including in Robbinss Opus 19 : The Dreamer ( 1979 )",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": ", Frederick Ashtons Rhapsody ( 1980 ) , and Robbinss Other Dances , with Natalia Makarova .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " From 1990 to 2002 , Baryshnikov was artistic director of the White Oak Dance Project , a touring company he co-founded with Mark Morris . The White Oak Project was formed to create original work for older dancers . In a run ending just short of his 60th birthday in 2007 , he appeared in a production of four short plays by Samuel Beckett directed by JoAnne Akalaitis . Baryshnikov was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999 . In 2000 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "2002–present : Baryshnikov Arts Center and awards .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Baryshnikov won the Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement . In 2005 , he launched the Baryshnikov Arts Center in New York . For the duration of the 2006 summer , Baryshnikov went on tour with Hells Kitchen Dance , which was sponsored by the Baryshnikov Arts Center . Featuring works by Baryshnikov Arts Center residents Azsure Barton and Benjamin Millepied , the company toured the United States and Brazil . He has received three honorary degrees : on May 11 , 2006 , from New York University ; on September 28 , 2007 ,",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "from Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University ; and on May 23 , 2008 , from Montclair State University . In late August 2007 , Baryshnikov performed Mats Eks Place ( Ställe ) with Ana Laguna at Dansens Hus in Stockholm . In 2012 , he received the Vilcek Prize in Dance .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov has performed in Israel three times : in 1996 , with the White Oak Dance Project at the Roman theater in Caesarea ; in 2010 , with Ana Laguna ; and in 2011 , starring in nine performances of In Paris , a show after a short story by Ivan Bunin , at the Suzanne Dellal Center in Tel Aviv . In a 2011 Haaretz interview , he expressed opposition to artistic boycotts of Israel and called the enthusiasm for contemporary dance in Israel astounding .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov worked with George Balanchine and as a regular guest artist with the Royal Ballet . - Franz in Coppélia - Albrecht in Giselle Film , television and theater . Baryshnikov made his American television dancing debut in 1976 , on the PBS program In Performance Live from Wolf Trap . The program is distributed on DVD by Kultur Video .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "During the Christmas season of 1977 , CBS brought Baryshnikovs ABT production of Tchaikovskys The Nutcracker to television , with Baryshnikov in the title role , accompanied by ABT performers including Gelsey Kirkland and Alexander Minz . The Nutcracker has been presented on TV many times in many different versions , but Baryshnikovs version is one of only two to be nominated for an Emmy Award .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov also performed in two Emmy-winning television specials , one on ABC and one on CBS , in which he danced to music from Broadway and Hollywood , respectively . During the 1970s and 1980s , he appeared many times with the ABT on Live from Lincoln Center and Great Performances . He has also appeared on several telecasts of the Kennedy Center Honors .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov performed in his first film role soon after arriving in New York . He portrayed the character Yuri Kopeikine , a famous , womanizing Russian ballet dancer , in the 1977 film The Turning Point , for which he received an Oscar nomination . He co-starred with Gregory Hines and Isabella Rossellini in the 1985 film White Nights , choreographed by Twyla Tharp , and was featured in the 1987 film Dancers . On television , in the last season of Sex and the City , he played a Russian artist , Aleksandr Petrovsky , who woos Carrie Bradshaw",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "relentlessly and takes her to Paris . He co-starred in Company Business ( 1991 ) with Gene Hackman .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " An animated TV series , Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood , appeared on American PBS networks from 1996 to 1998 . The cartoons were produced by the Russian animation house Soyuzmultfilm , and redubbed by American actors , including Jim Belushi , Laura San Giacomo , Harvey Fierstein and Kirsten Dunst . Baryshnikov hosted the show , presenting his favorite folktales , including Beauty and the Beast : A Tale of the Crimson Flower , The Snow Queen , The Last Petal and The Golden Rooster . The episodes were also released on home video .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "On November 2 , 2006 , Baryshnikov and chef Alice Waters were featured on an episode of the Sundance Channels original series Iconoclasts . The two have a long friendship . They discussed their lifestyles , sources of inspiration , and social projects . During the program , Waters visited Baryshnikovs Arts Center in New York City . The Hells Kitchen Dance tour brought him to Berkeley to visit her restaurant Chez Panisse . On July 17 , 2007 , the PBS News Hour with Jim Lehrer featured a profile of Baryshnikov and his Arts Center . He appears ,",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "uncredited , in the 2014 film as Interior Minister Sorokin .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " In a continuation of his interest in modern dance , Baryshnikov appeared in a 2015 commercial for the clothing designer Rag & Bone with street dance artist Lil Buck . On stage as an actor . Baryshnikov is a performer in avant-garde theater . His breakthrough performance in Broadway was in 1989 , when he played Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis , an adaption of Franz Kafkas novel . It earned him a Tony nomination .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , Baryshnikov appeared in Forbidden Christmas or The Doctor And The Patient at New York Citys Lincoln Center , and in 2007 in Beckett Shorts at New York Theatre Workshop . On April 11–21 , 2012 , he starred in In Paris , a new play directed by Dmitry Krymov . It was presented on the Santa Monica College Performing Arts Centers Broad Stage and co-starred Anna Sinyakina . Baryshnikov then appeared in the stage adaptation of Anton Chekhovs Man in a Case . Of the production , he said :",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "On April 21 , 2015 , The New York Times reported that Baryshnikov was scheduled to perform a reading of poet Joseph Brodskys work in Riga in 2015 . The performance was called Brodsky/Baryshnikov , was in the original Russian , and premiered on October 15 , 2015 . Its international tour began in Tel Aviv in January 2016 and it was staged in New York City in March 2016 . ( Baryshnikov met Brodsky in 1974 , soon after Soviet authorities had forced Brodsky to leave his home country and he moved to the United States . They remained",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "friends until Brodskys death in 1996. )",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov has a daughter , Aleksandra Shura Baryshnikova , from his relationship with actress Jessica Lange . When Baryshnikov and Lange met , he spoke very little English ; they communicated in French instead . He eventually learned English by watching television . From 1982 to 1983 he dated Tuesday Weld , Langes best friend .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov has had a long-term relationship with former ballerina Lisa Rinehart . They had three children together : Peter , Anna , and Sofia . He told Larry King in 2002 that he did not believe in marriage in the conventional way , but he and Rinehart married in 2006 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "On July 3 , 1986 , Baryshnikov became a naturalized citizen of the United States . Asked whether he felt like an American , he said , I like to think like Im a man of the world . I feel totally Parisian in Paris . Totally Parisian . I have my place here , a lot of close friends and collaborators here , whom I can really feel like I can talk serious business with them . Human business , not business business . Paris was always the dream of my childhood . We grew up on French art",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": ", like all Russians . America , United States , North America—its a new country . Of course , if somebody would ask me to choose either Paris or New York , I would choose New York . But spiritually , somehow , I love Europe .",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": "On April 27 , 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits . The application to the Latvian parliament along with a letter from Baryshnikov in which he expressed his wish to become a Latvian citizen was submitted on December 21 , 2016 . He wrote that the decision was based on memories of his first 16 years living in Latvia , which provided the basis for the rest of his life . It was there that my exposure to the arts led me to discover my future destiny as a performer . Riga still serves",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": "as a place where I find artistic inspiration , Baryshnikov wrote in the letter to the Latvian parliament . At the time there were tensions in Latvia with ethnic Russians like Baryshnikov , whose father worked for the USSR military .",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": " - 1966 Varna International Ballet Competition ( gold medal , junior division ) - 1969 Moscow International Ballet Competition ( gold medal ) - 1969 Nijinsky Prize , Paris Academy of Dance , for performance in Vestris . - 1977 Academy Award nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for The Turning Point . - 1977 Golden Globe nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Foreign Film Press for The Turning Point . - 1978 Award from Dance magazine . - 1979 D.F.A . from Yale University .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- 1987 Man of the Year from the Hasty Pudding Theatricals , USA",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - 2000 Kennedy Center Honor . - 2004 Jerome Robbins Prize . - 2005 National Arts Award . - 2006 George and Judy Marcus Prize for Lifetime Achievement . - 2006 Honorary degree from New York University . - 2007 Honorary degree from Shenandoah University Conservatory . - 2008 Honorary degree from Montclair State University . - 2019 Honorary degree from University of Southern California .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " Also appeared in Prodigal Son , The Steadfast Tin Soldier , Tchaikovsky Pas de Deux , and Other Dances , all Dance in America , PBS ; Baryshnikov : The Dancer and the Dance , PBS ; and Carmen , on French television . Sex and the City : Aleksandr Petrovsky , HBO",
"title": "Specials"
},
{
"text": " - The Magic of Dance , 1982 - Host , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997",
"title": "Series"
},
{
"text": " - Producer , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997",
"title": "Series"
},
{
"text": " - Baryshnikov by Tharp with the American Ballet Theatre , Dance in America , PBS , 1984",
"title": "Specials"
},
{
"text": " - The Nutcracker , CBS , 1977 - Celebrating Gershwin , Great Performances , PBS , 1987",
"title": "Specials"
}
] |
/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov#P27#2
|
What was the nationality of Mikhail Baryshnikov after Jan 2018?
|
Mikhail Baryshnikov Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov ( ; ; born January 27 , 1948 ) is a Soviet Latvian-born Russian-American dancer , choreographer , and actor . He was the preeminent male classical dancer of the 1970s and 1980s . He subsequently became a noted dance director . Born in Riga , Latvian SSR , Baryshnikov had a promising start in the Kirov Ballet in Leningrad before defecting to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in Western dance . After dancing with American Ballet Theatre , he joined the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for one season to learn George Balanchines neoclassical Russian style of movement . He then returned with the American Ballet Theatre , where he later became artistic director . Baryshnikov has spearheaded many of his own artistic projects and has been associated in particular with promoting modern dance , premiering dozens of new works , including many of his own . His success as a dramatic actor on stage , cinema and television has helped him become probably the most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer . Baryshnikov has never returned to Russia since his 1974 defection and has been a naturalized citizen of the United States since 1986 . In 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits . In 1977 , he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of Yuri Kopeikine in the film The Turning Point . He starred in the movie White Nights with Gregory Hines , Helen Mirren , and Isabella Rossellini , and had a recurring role in the last season of the television series Sex and the City . Early life . Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in Riga , then Latvian SSR , Soviet Union , now Latvia . His parents were Russians : Alexandra ( a dressmaker ; née Kiselyova ) and Nikolay Baryshnikov ( an engineer ) . According to Baryshnikov , his father was a strict , nationalist military man , and his mother introduced him to the theater , opera and ballet . She died by suicide when he was 12 . Dancing career . 1960–1974 : Early years . Baryshnikov began his ballet studies in Riga in 1960 , at the age of 12 . In 1964 , he entered the Vaganova School , in what was then Leningrad ( now St . Petersburg ) . Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition . He joined the Mariinsky Ballet , then called the Kirov Ballet , in 1967 , dancing the Peasant pas de deux in Giselle . Recognizing Baryshnikovs talent , in particular his stage presence and purity of technique , several Soviet choreographers , including Oleg Vinogradov , Konstantin Sergeyev , Igor Tchernichov , and Leonid Jakobson , choreographed ballets for him . Baryshnikov made signature roles of Jakobsons 1969 virtuosic Vestris along with an intensely emotional Albrecht in Giselle . While he was still in the Soviet Union , New York Times critic Clive Barnes called him the most perfect dancer I have ever seen . 1974 : Defection to Canada . Baryshnikovs talent was obvious from his youth , but being 5 5 ( 165 cm ) or 5 6 ( 168 cm ) tall—shorter than most dancers—he could not tower over a ballerina en pointe and was therefore relegated to secondary parts . More frustrating to him , the Soviet dance world hewed closely to 19th-century traditions and deliberately shunned Western choreographers , whose work Baryshnikov glimpsed in occasional tours and films . His main reason for leaving the Soviet Union was to work with these innovators . On June 29 , 1974 , while on tour in Canada with the Bolshoi , Baryshnikov defected , requesting political asylum in Toronto , and joined the National Ballet of Canada for a brief time in a guest role . He also announced that he would not return to the USSR . He later said that Christina Berlin , an American friend , helped engineer his defection during his 1970 tour of London . His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in La Sylphide . He then went to the United States . In December 1975 , he and his dance partner Natalia Makarova featured prominently in an episode of the BBC television series Arena . In the first two years after his defection , he danced for no fewer than 13 different choreographers , including Jerome Robbins , Glen Tetley , Alvin Ailey , and Twyla Tharp . It doesnt matter if every ballet is a success or not , he told New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff in 1976 . The new experience gives me a lot . He cited his fascination with the ways Ailey mixed classical and modern technique and his initial discomfort when Tharp insisted he incorporate eccentric personal gestures in dance . 1974–1978 : Principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre . From 1974 to 1978 , Baryshnikov was a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre ( ABT ) , where he partnered with Gelsey Kirkland . 1978–1979 : Principal dancer with the New York City Ballet . In 1978 , Baryshnikov abandoned his freelance career to spend 18 months as a principal of the New York City Ballet , run by George Balanchine . Mr . B , as Balanchine was known , rarely welcomed guest artists and had refused to work with both Nureyev and Makarova . Baryshnikovs decision to devote his full attentions to the New York company stunned the dance world . Balanchine never created a new work for Baryshnikov , but he did coach him in his distinctive style , and Baryshnikov triumphed in such signature roles as Apollo , The Prodigal Son , and Rubies . Jerome Robbins created Opus 19/The Dreamer for Baryshnikov and NYCB favorite Patricia McBride . Baryshnikov performed with the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for 15 months from 1978 to 1979 . On July 8 , 1978 , he made his debut with George Balanchines and Lincoln Kirsteins company at Saratoga Springs , appearing as Franz in Coppélia . On October 12 , 1979 , Baryshnikov danced the role of the Poet in Balanchines ballet La Sonnambula with the City Ballet at the Kennedy Center . This was his last performance with New York City Ballet due to tendinitis and other injuries . His tenure there coincided with a period of ill health for Balanchine that followed an earlier heart attack and culminated in successful heart surgery in June 1979 . Baryshnikov left the company to become ABTs artistic director in September 1980 , and take time off for his injuries . 1980–2002 : Artistic director of the American Ballet Theatre and White Oak Dance Project . Baryshnikov returned to the American Ballet Theatre in September 1980 as an artistic director , a position he held until 1989 . He also performed as a dancer with ABT . Baryshnikov has remained fascinated with the new . As he observed , It doesnt matter how high you lift your leg . The technique is about transparency , simplicity and making an earnest attempt . Baryshnikov also toured with ballet and modern dance companies around the world for 15 months . Several roles were created for him , including in Robbinss Opus 19 : The Dreamer ( 1979 ) , Frederick Ashtons Rhapsody ( 1980 ) , and Robbinss Other Dances , with Natalia Makarova . From 1990 to 2002 , Baryshnikov was artistic director of the White Oak Dance Project , a touring company he co-founded with Mark Morris . The White Oak Project was formed to create original work for older dancers . In a run ending just short of his 60th birthday in 2007 , he appeared in a production of four short plays by Samuel Beckett directed by JoAnne Akalaitis . Baryshnikov was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999 . In 2000 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts . 2002–present : Baryshnikov Arts Center and awards . In 2003 , Baryshnikov won the Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement . In 2005 , he launched the Baryshnikov Arts Center in New York . For the duration of the 2006 summer , Baryshnikov went on tour with Hells Kitchen Dance , which was sponsored by the Baryshnikov Arts Center . Featuring works by Baryshnikov Arts Center residents Azsure Barton and Benjamin Millepied , the company toured the United States and Brazil . He has received three honorary degrees : on May 11 , 2006 , from New York University ; on September 28 , 2007 , from Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University ; and on May 23 , 2008 , from Montclair State University . In late August 2007 , Baryshnikov performed Mats Eks Place ( Ställe ) with Ana Laguna at Dansens Hus in Stockholm . In 2012 , he received the Vilcek Prize in Dance . Baryshnikov has performed in Israel three times : in 1996 , with the White Oak Dance Project at the Roman theater in Caesarea ; in 2010 , with Ana Laguna ; and in 2011 , starring in nine performances of In Paris , a show after a short story by Ivan Bunin , at the Suzanne Dellal Center in Tel Aviv . In a 2011 Haaretz interview , he expressed opposition to artistic boycotts of Israel and called the enthusiasm for contemporary dance in Israel astounding . Repertoire . Baryshnikov worked with George Balanchine and as a regular guest artist with the Royal Ballet . - Franz in Coppélia - Albrecht in Giselle Film , television and theater . Baryshnikov made his American television dancing debut in 1976 , on the PBS program In Performance Live from Wolf Trap . The program is distributed on DVD by Kultur Video . During the Christmas season of 1977 , CBS brought Baryshnikovs ABT production of Tchaikovskys The Nutcracker to television , with Baryshnikov in the title role , accompanied by ABT performers including Gelsey Kirkland and Alexander Minz . The Nutcracker has been presented on TV many times in many different versions , but Baryshnikovs version is one of only two to be nominated for an Emmy Award . Baryshnikov also performed in two Emmy-winning television specials , one on ABC and one on CBS , in which he danced to music from Broadway and Hollywood , respectively . During the 1970s and 1980s , he appeared many times with the ABT on Live from Lincoln Center and Great Performances . He has also appeared on several telecasts of the Kennedy Center Honors . Baryshnikov performed in his first film role soon after arriving in New York . He portrayed the character Yuri Kopeikine , a famous , womanizing Russian ballet dancer , in the 1977 film The Turning Point , for which he received an Oscar nomination . He co-starred with Gregory Hines and Isabella Rossellini in the 1985 film White Nights , choreographed by Twyla Tharp , and was featured in the 1987 film Dancers . On television , in the last season of Sex and the City , he played a Russian artist , Aleksandr Petrovsky , who woos Carrie Bradshaw relentlessly and takes her to Paris . He co-starred in Company Business ( 1991 ) with Gene Hackman . An animated TV series , Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood , appeared on American PBS networks from 1996 to 1998 . The cartoons were produced by the Russian animation house Soyuzmultfilm , and redubbed by American actors , including Jim Belushi , Laura San Giacomo , Harvey Fierstein and Kirsten Dunst . Baryshnikov hosted the show , presenting his favorite folktales , including Beauty and the Beast : A Tale of the Crimson Flower , The Snow Queen , The Last Petal and The Golden Rooster . The episodes were also released on home video . On November 2 , 2006 , Baryshnikov and chef Alice Waters were featured on an episode of the Sundance Channels original series Iconoclasts . The two have a long friendship . They discussed their lifestyles , sources of inspiration , and social projects . During the program , Waters visited Baryshnikovs Arts Center in New York City . The Hells Kitchen Dance tour brought him to Berkeley to visit her restaurant Chez Panisse . On July 17 , 2007 , the PBS News Hour with Jim Lehrer featured a profile of Baryshnikov and his Arts Center . He appears , uncredited , in the 2014 film as Interior Minister Sorokin . In a continuation of his interest in modern dance , Baryshnikov appeared in a 2015 commercial for the clothing designer Rag & Bone with street dance artist Lil Buck . On stage as an actor . Baryshnikov is a performer in avant-garde theater . His breakthrough performance in Broadway was in 1989 , when he played Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis , an adaption of Franz Kafkas novel . It earned him a Tony nomination . In 2004 , Baryshnikov appeared in Forbidden Christmas or The Doctor And The Patient at New York Citys Lincoln Center , and in 2007 in Beckett Shorts at New York Theatre Workshop . On April 11–21 , 2012 , he starred in In Paris , a new play directed by Dmitry Krymov . It was presented on the Santa Monica College Performing Arts Centers Broad Stage and co-starred Anna Sinyakina . Baryshnikov then appeared in the stage adaptation of Anton Chekhovs Man in a Case . Of the production , he said : On April 21 , 2015 , The New York Times reported that Baryshnikov was scheduled to perform a reading of poet Joseph Brodskys work in Riga in 2015 . The performance was called Brodsky/Baryshnikov , was in the original Russian , and premiered on October 15 , 2015 . Its international tour began in Tel Aviv in January 2016 and it was staged in New York City in March 2016 . ( Baryshnikov met Brodsky in 1974 , soon after Soviet authorities had forced Brodsky to leave his home country and he moved to the United States . They remained friends until Brodskys death in 1996. ) Personal life . Baryshnikov has a daughter , Aleksandra Shura Baryshnikova , from his relationship with actress Jessica Lange . When Baryshnikov and Lange met , he spoke very little English ; they communicated in French instead . He eventually learned English by watching television . From 1982 to 1983 he dated Tuesday Weld , Langes best friend . Baryshnikov has had a long-term relationship with former ballerina Lisa Rinehart . They had three children together : Peter , Anna , and Sofia . He told Larry King in 2002 that he did not believe in marriage in the conventional way , but he and Rinehart married in 2006 . Baryshnikov endorsed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton for president in 2016 . Citizenship . On July 3 , 1986 , Baryshnikov became a naturalized citizen of the United States . Asked whether he felt like an American , he said , I like to think like Im a man of the world . I feel totally Parisian in Paris . Totally Parisian . I have my place here , a lot of close friends and collaborators here , whom I can really feel like I can talk serious business with them . Human business , not business business . Paris was always the dream of my childhood . We grew up on French art , like all Russians . America , United States , North America—its a new country . Of course , if somebody would ask me to choose either Paris or New York , I would choose New York . But spiritually , somehow , I love Europe . On April 27 , 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits . The application to the Latvian parliament along with a letter from Baryshnikov in which he expressed his wish to become a Latvian citizen was submitted on December 21 , 2016 . He wrote that the decision was based on memories of his first 16 years living in Latvia , which provided the basis for the rest of his life . It was there that my exposure to the arts led me to discover my future destiny as a performer . Riga still serves as a place where I find artistic inspiration , Baryshnikov wrote in the letter to the Latvian parliament . At the time there were tensions in Latvia with ethnic Russians like Baryshnikov , whose father worked for the USSR military . Awards . - 1966 Varna International Ballet Competition ( gold medal , junior division ) - 1969 Moscow International Ballet Competition ( gold medal ) - 1969 Nijinsky Prize , Paris Academy of Dance , for performance in Vestris . - 1977 Academy Award nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for The Turning Point . - 1977 Golden Globe nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Foreign Film Press for The Turning Point . - 1978 Award from Dance magazine . - 1979 D.F.A . from Yale University . - 1987 Man of the Year from the Hasty Pudding Theatricals , USA - 2000 Kennedy Center Honor . - 2004 Jerome Robbins Prize . - 2005 National Arts Award . - 2006 George and Judy Marcus Prize for Lifetime Achievement . - 2006 Honorary degree from New York University . - 2007 Honorary degree from Shenandoah University Conservatory . - 2008 Honorary degree from Montclair State University . - 2019 Honorary degree from University of Southern California . Filmography . Television appearances . Specials Also appeared in Prodigal Son , The Steadfast Tin Soldier , Tchaikovsky Pas de Deux , and Other Dances , all Dance in America , PBS ; Baryshnikov : The Dancer and the Dance , PBS ; and Carmen , on French television . Sex and the City : Aleksandr Petrovsky , HBO Series - The Magic of Dance , 1982 - Host , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997 Television work Series - Producer , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997 Television artistic director Specials - Baryshnikov by Tharp with the American Ballet Theatre , Dance in America , PBS , 1984 Television choreographer Specials - The Nutcracker , CBS , 1977 - Celebrating Gershwin , Great Performances , PBS , 1987
|
[
"United States",
"Latvia"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov ( ; ; born January 27 , 1948 ) is a Soviet Latvian-born Russian-American dancer , choreographer , and actor . He was the preeminent male classical dancer of the 1970s and 1980s . He subsequently became a noted dance director .",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": "Born in Riga , Latvian SSR , Baryshnikov had a promising start in the Kirov Ballet in Leningrad before defecting to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in Western dance . After dancing with American Ballet Theatre , he joined the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for one season to learn George Balanchines neoclassical Russian style of movement . He then returned with the American Ballet Theatre , where he later became artistic director . Baryshnikov has spearheaded many of his own artistic projects and has been associated in particular with promoting modern dance , premiering dozens",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": "of new works , including many of his own . His success as a dramatic actor on stage , cinema and television has helped him become probably the most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer . Baryshnikov has never returned to Russia since his 1974 defection and has been a naturalized citizen of the United States since 1986 . In 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits .",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": " In 1977 , he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of Yuri Kopeikine in the film The Turning Point . He starred in the movie White Nights with Gregory Hines , Helen Mirren , and Isabella Rossellini , and had a recurring role in the last season of the television series Sex and the City .",
"title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov"
},
{
"text": " Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in Riga , then Latvian SSR , Soviet Union , now Latvia . His parents were Russians : Alexandra ( a dressmaker ; née Kiselyova ) and Nikolay Baryshnikov ( an engineer ) . According to Baryshnikov , his father was a strict , nationalist military man , and his mother introduced him to the theater , opera and ballet . She died by suicide when he was 12 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov began his ballet studies in Riga in 1960 , at the age of 12 . In 1964 , he entered the Vaganova School , in what was then Leningrad ( now St . Petersburg ) . Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition . He joined the Mariinsky Ballet , then called the Kirov Ballet , in 1967 , dancing the Peasant pas de deux in Giselle . Recognizing Baryshnikovs talent , in particular his stage presence and purity of technique , several Soviet choreographers , including Oleg Vinogradov ,",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "Konstantin Sergeyev , Igor Tchernichov , and Leonid Jakobson , choreographed ballets for him . Baryshnikov made signature roles of Jakobsons 1969 virtuosic Vestris along with an intensely emotional Albrecht in Giselle . While he was still in the Soviet Union , New York Times critic Clive Barnes called him the most perfect dancer I have ever seen .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " 1974 : Defection to Canada . Baryshnikovs talent was obvious from his youth , but being 5 5 ( 165 cm ) or 5 6 ( 168 cm ) tall—shorter than most dancers—he could not tower over a ballerina en pointe and was therefore relegated to secondary parts . More frustrating to him , the Soviet dance world hewed closely to 19th-century traditions and deliberately shunned Western choreographers , whose work Baryshnikov glimpsed in occasional tours and films . His main reason for leaving the Soviet Union was to work with these innovators .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "On June 29 , 1974 , while on tour in Canada with the Bolshoi , Baryshnikov defected , requesting political asylum in Toronto , and joined the National Ballet of Canada for a brief time in a guest role . He also announced that he would not return to the USSR . He later said that Christina Berlin , an American friend , helped engineer his defection during his 1970 tour of London . His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in La Sylphide . He then went",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "to the United States . In December 1975 , he and his dance partner Natalia Makarova featured prominently in an episode of the BBC television series Arena .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " In the first two years after his defection , he danced for no fewer than 13 different choreographers , including Jerome Robbins , Glen Tetley , Alvin Ailey , and Twyla Tharp . It doesnt matter if every ballet is a success or not , he told New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff in 1976 . The new experience gives me a lot . He cited his fascination with the ways Ailey mixed classical and modern technique and his initial discomfort when Tharp insisted he incorporate eccentric personal gestures in dance .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "1974–1978 : Principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " From 1974 to 1978 , Baryshnikov was a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre ( ABT ) , where he partnered with Gelsey Kirkland . 1978–1979 : Principal dancer with the New York City Ballet .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "In 1978 , Baryshnikov abandoned his freelance career to spend 18 months as a principal of the New York City Ballet , run by George Balanchine . Mr . B , as Balanchine was known , rarely welcomed guest artists and had refused to work with both Nureyev and Makarova . Baryshnikovs decision to devote his full attentions to the New York company stunned the dance world . Balanchine never created a new work for Baryshnikov , but he did coach him in his distinctive style , and Baryshnikov triumphed in such signature roles as Apollo , The Prodigal Son",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": ", and Rubies . Jerome Robbins created Opus 19/The Dreamer for Baryshnikov and NYCB favorite Patricia McBride .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov performed with the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for 15 months from 1978 to 1979 . On July 8 , 1978 , he made his debut with George Balanchines and Lincoln Kirsteins company at Saratoga Springs , appearing as Franz in Coppélia .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "On October 12 , 1979 , Baryshnikov danced the role of the Poet in Balanchines ballet La Sonnambula with the City Ballet at the Kennedy Center . This was his last performance with New York City Ballet due to tendinitis and other injuries . His tenure there coincided with a period of ill health for Balanchine that followed an earlier heart attack and culminated in successful heart surgery in June 1979 . Baryshnikov left the company to become ABTs artistic director in September 1980 , and take time off for his injuries .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " 1980–2002 : Artistic director of the American Ballet Theatre and White Oak Dance Project .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov returned to the American Ballet Theatre in September 1980 as an artistic director , a position he held until 1989 . He also performed as a dancer with ABT . Baryshnikov has remained fascinated with the new . As he observed , It doesnt matter how high you lift your leg . The technique is about transparency , simplicity and making an earnest attempt . Baryshnikov also toured with ballet and modern dance companies around the world for 15 months . Several roles were created for him , including in Robbinss Opus 19 : The Dreamer ( 1979 )",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": ", Frederick Ashtons Rhapsody ( 1980 ) , and Robbinss Other Dances , with Natalia Makarova .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " From 1990 to 2002 , Baryshnikov was artistic director of the White Oak Dance Project , a touring company he co-founded with Mark Morris . The White Oak Project was formed to create original work for older dancers . In a run ending just short of his 60th birthday in 2007 , he appeared in a production of four short plays by Samuel Beckett directed by JoAnne Akalaitis . Baryshnikov was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999 . In 2000 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "2002–present : Baryshnikov Arts Center and awards .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "In 2003 , Baryshnikov won the Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement . In 2005 , he launched the Baryshnikov Arts Center in New York . For the duration of the 2006 summer , Baryshnikov went on tour with Hells Kitchen Dance , which was sponsored by the Baryshnikov Arts Center . Featuring works by Baryshnikov Arts Center residents Azsure Barton and Benjamin Millepied , the company toured the United States and Brazil . He has received three honorary degrees : on May 11 , 2006 , from New York University ; on September 28 , 2007 ,",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": "from Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University ; and on May 23 , 2008 , from Montclair State University . In late August 2007 , Baryshnikov performed Mats Eks Place ( Ställe ) with Ana Laguna at Dansens Hus in Stockholm . In 2012 , he received the Vilcek Prize in Dance .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov has performed in Israel three times : in 1996 , with the White Oak Dance Project at the Roman theater in Caesarea ; in 2010 , with Ana Laguna ; and in 2011 , starring in nine performances of In Paris , a show after a short story by Ivan Bunin , at the Suzanne Dellal Center in Tel Aviv . In a 2011 Haaretz interview , he expressed opposition to artistic boycotts of Israel and called the enthusiasm for contemporary dance in Israel astounding .",
"title": "Dancing career"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov worked with George Balanchine and as a regular guest artist with the Royal Ballet . - Franz in Coppélia - Albrecht in Giselle Film , television and theater . Baryshnikov made his American television dancing debut in 1976 , on the PBS program In Performance Live from Wolf Trap . The program is distributed on DVD by Kultur Video .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "During the Christmas season of 1977 , CBS brought Baryshnikovs ABT production of Tchaikovskys The Nutcracker to television , with Baryshnikov in the title role , accompanied by ABT performers including Gelsey Kirkland and Alexander Minz . The Nutcracker has been presented on TV many times in many different versions , but Baryshnikovs version is one of only two to be nominated for an Emmy Award .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov also performed in two Emmy-winning television specials , one on ABC and one on CBS , in which he danced to music from Broadway and Hollywood , respectively . During the 1970s and 1980s , he appeared many times with the ABT on Live from Lincoln Center and Great Performances . He has also appeared on several telecasts of the Kennedy Center Honors .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov performed in his first film role soon after arriving in New York . He portrayed the character Yuri Kopeikine , a famous , womanizing Russian ballet dancer , in the 1977 film The Turning Point , for which he received an Oscar nomination . He co-starred with Gregory Hines and Isabella Rossellini in the 1985 film White Nights , choreographed by Twyla Tharp , and was featured in the 1987 film Dancers . On television , in the last season of Sex and the City , he played a Russian artist , Aleksandr Petrovsky , who woos Carrie Bradshaw",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "relentlessly and takes her to Paris . He co-starred in Company Business ( 1991 ) with Gene Hackman .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " An animated TV series , Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood , appeared on American PBS networks from 1996 to 1998 . The cartoons were produced by the Russian animation house Soyuzmultfilm , and redubbed by American actors , including Jim Belushi , Laura San Giacomo , Harvey Fierstein and Kirsten Dunst . Baryshnikov hosted the show , presenting his favorite folktales , including Beauty and the Beast : A Tale of the Crimson Flower , The Snow Queen , The Last Petal and The Golden Rooster . The episodes were also released on home video .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "On November 2 , 2006 , Baryshnikov and chef Alice Waters were featured on an episode of the Sundance Channels original series Iconoclasts . The two have a long friendship . They discussed their lifestyles , sources of inspiration , and social projects . During the program , Waters visited Baryshnikovs Arts Center in New York City . The Hells Kitchen Dance tour brought him to Berkeley to visit her restaurant Chez Panisse . On July 17 , 2007 , the PBS News Hour with Jim Lehrer featured a profile of Baryshnikov and his Arts Center . He appears ,",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "uncredited , in the 2014 film as Interior Minister Sorokin .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " In a continuation of his interest in modern dance , Baryshnikov appeared in a 2015 commercial for the clothing designer Rag & Bone with street dance artist Lil Buck . On stage as an actor . Baryshnikov is a performer in avant-garde theater . His breakthrough performance in Broadway was in 1989 , when he played Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis , an adaption of Franz Kafkas novel . It earned him a Tony nomination .",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , Baryshnikov appeared in Forbidden Christmas or The Doctor And The Patient at New York Citys Lincoln Center , and in 2007 in Beckett Shorts at New York Theatre Workshop . On April 11–21 , 2012 , he starred in In Paris , a new play directed by Dmitry Krymov . It was presented on the Santa Monica College Performing Arts Centers Broad Stage and co-starred Anna Sinyakina . Baryshnikov then appeared in the stage adaptation of Anton Chekhovs Man in a Case . Of the production , he said :",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "On April 21 , 2015 , The New York Times reported that Baryshnikov was scheduled to perform a reading of poet Joseph Brodskys work in Riga in 2015 . The performance was called Brodsky/Baryshnikov , was in the original Russian , and premiered on October 15 , 2015 . Its international tour began in Tel Aviv in January 2016 and it was staged in New York City in March 2016 . ( Baryshnikov met Brodsky in 1974 , soon after Soviet authorities had forced Brodsky to leave his home country and he moved to the United States . They remained",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": "friends until Brodskys death in 1996. )",
"title": "Repertoire"
},
{
"text": " Baryshnikov has a daughter , Aleksandra Shura Baryshnikova , from his relationship with actress Jessica Lange . When Baryshnikov and Lange met , he spoke very little English ; they communicated in French instead . He eventually learned English by watching television . From 1982 to 1983 he dated Tuesday Weld , Langes best friend .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Baryshnikov has had a long-term relationship with former ballerina Lisa Rinehart . They had three children together : Peter , Anna , and Sofia . He told Larry King in 2002 that he did not believe in marriage in the conventional way , but he and Rinehart married in 2006 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "On July 3 , 1986 , Baryshnikov became a naturalized citizen of the United States . Asked whether he felt like an American , he said , I like to think like Im a man of the world . I feel totally Parisian in Paris . Totally Parisian . I have my place here , a lot of close friends and collaborators here , whom I can really feel like I can talk serious business with them . Human business , not business business . Paris was always the dream of my childhood . We grew up on French art",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": ", like all Russians . America , United States , North America—its a new country . Of course , if somebody would ask me to choose either Paris or New York , I would choose New York . But spiritually , somehow , I love Europe .",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": "On April 27 , 2017 , the Republic of Latvia granted Baryshnikov citizenship for extraordinary merits . The application to the Latvian parliament along with a letter from Baryshnikov in which he expressed his wish to become a Latvian citizen was submitted on December 21 , 2016 . He wrote that the decision was based on memories of his first 16 years living in Latvia , which provided the basis for the rest of his life . It was there that my exposure to the arts led me to discover my future destiny as a performer . Riga still serves",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": "as a place where I find artistic inspiration , Baryshnikov wrote in the letter to the Latvian parliament . At the time there were tensions in Latvia with ethnic Russians like Baryshnikov , whose father worked for the USSR military .",
"title": "Citizenship"
},
{
"text": " - 1966 Varna International Ballet Competition ( gold medal , junior division ) - 1969 Moscow International Ballet Competition ( gold medal ) - 1969 Nijinsky Prize , Paris Academy of Dance , for performance in Vestris . - 1977 Academy Award nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for The Turning Point . - 1977 Golden Globe nomination for best supporting actor , Academy of Foreign Film Press for The Turning Point . - 1978 Award from Dance magazine . - 1979 D.F.A . from Yale University .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- 1987 Man of the Year from the Hasty Pudding Theatricals , USA",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - 2000 Kennedy Center Honor . - 2004 Jerome Robbins Prize . - 2005 National Arts Award . - 2006 George and Judy Marcus Prize for Lifetime Achievement . - 2006 Honorary degree from New York University . - 2007 Honorary degree from Shenandoah University Conservatory . - 2008 Honorary degree from Montclair State University . - 2019 Honorary degree from University of Southern California .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " Also appeared in Prodigal Son , The Steadfast Tin Soldier , Tchaikovsky Pas de Deux , and Other Dances , all Dance in America , PBS ; Baryshnikov : The Dancer and the Dance , PBS ; and Carmen , on French television . Sex and the City : Aleksandr Petrovsky , HBO",
"title": "Specials"
},
{
"text": " - The Magic of Dance , 1982 - Host , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997",
"title": "Series"
},
{
"text": " - Producer , Stories from My Childhood ( also known as Mikhail Baryshnikovs Stories from My Childhood ) , 1997",
"title": "Series"
},
{
"text": " - Baryshnikov by Tharp with the American Ballet Theatre , Dance in America , PBS , 1984",
"title": "Specials"
},
{
"text": " - The Nutcracker , CBS , 1977 - Celebrating Gershwin , Great Performances , PBS , 1987",
"title": "Specials"
}
] |
/wiki/Herbert_Schultze#P410#0
|
What military rank did Herbert Schultze have before May 1930?
|
Herbert Schultze Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping . Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 . Early life and career . Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10 October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 . Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock . In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub . On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant . World War II . On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites . He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh three days later for a combined total of . Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping . The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed during their sinking by the German crew . Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days . Knights Cross . In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping . On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France . On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe . On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim . Ashore . Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) . On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war . Post-war . In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 . On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London . Summary of military career . Ships attacked . As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of . Awards . - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 ) - U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 ) - with Diamonds ( 15 July 1941 ) Promotions . Reichsmarine - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934 Kriegsmarine - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943 Bundesmarine - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966
|
[
"Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet )"
] |
[
{
"text": " Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "three days later for a combined total of .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "during their sinking by the German crew .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": "On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": " In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": " As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of .",
"title": "Ships attacked"
},
{
"text": " - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934",
"title": "Reichsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943",
"title": "Kriegsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966",
"title": "Bundesmarine"
}
] |
/wiki/Herbert_Schultze#P410#1
|
What military rank did Herbert Schultze have between Aug 1931 and Oct 1931?
|
Herbert Schultze Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping . Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 . Early life and career . Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10 October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 . Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock . In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub . On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant . World War II . On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites . He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh three days later for a combined total of . Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping . The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed during their sinking by the German crew . Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days . Knights Cross . In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping . On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France . On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe . On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim . Ashore . Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) . On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war . Post-war . In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 . On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London . Summary of military career . Ships attacked . As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of . Awards . - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 ) - U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 ) - with Diamonds ( 15 July 1941 ) Promotions . Reichsmarine - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934 Kriegsmarine - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943 Bundesmarine - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966
|
[
"Seekadett ( naval cadet )"
] |
[
{
"text": " Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "three days later for a combined total of .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "during their sinking by the German crew .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": "On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": " In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": " As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of .",
"title": "Ships attacked"
},
{
"text": " - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934",
"title": "Reichsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943",
"title": "Kriegsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966",
"title": "Bundesmarine"
}
] |
/wiki/Herbert_Schultze#P410#2
|
What military rank did Herbert Schultze have in Dec 1933?
|
Herbert Schultze Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping . Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 . Early life and career . Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10 October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 . Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock . In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub . On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant . World War II . On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites . He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh three days later for a combined total of . Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping . The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed during their sinking by the German crew . Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days . Knights Cross . In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping . On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France . On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe . On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim . Ashore . Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) . On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war . Post-war . In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 . On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London . Summary of military career . Ships attacked . As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of . Awards . - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 ) - U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 ) - with Diamonds ( 15 July 1941 ) Promotions . Reichsmarine - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934 Kriegsmarine - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943 Bundesmarine - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966
|
[
"Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman )"
] |
[
{
"text": " Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "three days later for a combined total of .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "during their sinking by the German crew .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": "On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": " In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": " As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of .",
"title": "Ships attacked"
},
{
"text": " - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934",
"title": "Reichsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943",
"title": "Kriegsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966",
"title": "Bundesmarine"
}
] |
/wiki/Herbert_Schultze#P410#3
|
What military rank did Herbert Schultze have between Jun 1934 and Aug 1934?
|
Herbert Schultze Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping . Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 . Early life and career . Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10 October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 . Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock . In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub . On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant . World War II . On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites . He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh three days later for a combined total of . Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping . The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed during their sinking by the German crew . Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days . Knights Cross . In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping . On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France . On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe . On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim . Ashore . Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) . On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war . Post-war . In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 . On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London . Summary of military career . Ships attacked . As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of . Awards . - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 ) - U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 ) - with Diamonds ( 15 July 1941 ) Promotions . Reichsmarine - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934 Kriegsmarine - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943 Bundesmarine - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966
|
[
"Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman )"
] |
[
{
"text": " Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "three days later for a combined total of .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "during their sinking by the German crew .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": "On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": " In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": " As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of .",
"title": "Ships attacked"
},
{
"text": " - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934",
"title": "Reichsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943",
"title": "Kriegsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966",
"title": "Bundesmarine"
}
] |
/wiki/Herbert_Schultze#P410#4
|
What military rank did Herbert Schultze have between Jan 1935 and Jul 1935?
|
Herbert Schultze Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping . Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 . Early life and career . Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10 October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 . Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock . In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub . On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant . World War II . On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites . He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh three days later for a combined total of . Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping . The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed during their sinking by the German crew . Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days . Knights Cross . In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping . On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France . On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe . On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim . Ashore . Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) . On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war . Post-war . In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 . On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London . Summary of military career . Ships attacked . As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of . Awards . - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 ) - U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 ) - with Diamonds ( 15 July 1941 ) Promotions . Reichsmarine - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934 Kriegsmarine - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943 Bundesmarine - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966
|
[
"Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant )"
] |
[
{
"text": " Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "three days later for a combined total of .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "during their sinking by the German crew .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": "On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": " In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": " As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of .",
"title": "Ships attacked"
},
{
"text": " - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934",
"title": "Reichsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943",
"title": "Kriegsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966",
"title": "Bundesmarine"
}
] |
/wiki/Herbert_Schultze#P410#5
|
What military rank did Herbert Schultze have in Aug 1937?
|
Herbert Schultze Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping . Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 . Early life and career . Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10 October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 . Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock . In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub . On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant . World War II . On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites . He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh three days later for a combined total of . Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping . The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed during their sinking by the German crew . Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days . Knights Cross . In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping . On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France . On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe . On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim . Ashore . Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) . On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war . Post-war . In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 . On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London . Summary of military career . Ships attacked . As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of . Awards . - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 ) - U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 ) - with Diamonds ( 15 July 1941 ) Promotions . Reichsmarine - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934 Kriegsmarine - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943 Bundesmarine - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966
|
[
"Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant )"
] |
[
{
"text": " Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "three days later for a combined total of .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "during their sinking by the German crew .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": "On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": " In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": " As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of .",
"title": "Ships attacked"
},
{
"text": " - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934",
"title": "Reichsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943",
"title": "Kriegsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966",
"title": "Bundesmarine"
}
] |
/wiki/Herbert_Schultze#P410#6
|
What military rank did Herbert Schultze have between Apr 1940 and Jan 1941?
|
Herbert Schultze Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping . Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 . Early life and career . Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10 October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 . Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock . In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub . On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant . World War II . On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites . He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh three days later for a combined total of . Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping . The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed during their sinking by the German crew . Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days . Knights Cross . In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping . On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France . On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe . On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim . Ashore . Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) . On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war . Post-war . In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 . On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London . Summary of military career . Ships attacked . As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of . Awards . - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 ) - U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 ) - with Diamonds ( 15 July 1941 ) Promotions . Reichsmarine - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934 Kriegsmarine - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943 Bundesmarine - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966
|
[
"Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant )"
] |
[
{
"text": " Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "three days later for a combined total of .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "during their sinking by the German crew .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": "On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": " In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": " As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of .",
"title": "Ships attacked"
},
{
"text": " - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934",
"title": "Reichsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943",
"title": "Kriegsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966",
"title": "Bundesmarine"
}
] |
/wiki/Herbert_Schultze#P410#7
|
What military rank did Herbert Schultze have in late 1940s?
|
Herbert Schultze Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping . Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 . Early life and career . Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10 October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 . Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock . In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub . On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant . World War II . On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites . He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh three days later for a combined total of . Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping . The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed during their sinking by the German crew . Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days . Knights Cross . In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping . On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France . On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe . On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim . Ashore . Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) . On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war . Post-war . In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 . On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London . Summary of military career . Ships attacked . As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of . Awards . - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 ) - U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 ) - with Diamonds ( 15 July 1941 ) Promotions . Reichsmarine - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934 Kriegsmarine - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943 Bundesmarine - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966
|
[
"Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander )"
] |
[
{
"text": " Herbert Emil Schultze ( 24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987 ) , was a German U-boat ( submarine ) commander of the Kriegsmarine ( the German navy in World War II ) . He commanded for eight patrols during the early part of the war , sinking of shipping .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was a recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Legally it was Nazi Germanys highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Herbert Schultze , although the later higher ranked Swords and Diamonds grades to the Knights Cross had already been awarded in June and July 1941 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "Schultze was born in Kiel . He joined the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1930 as a member of Crew 30 ( the incoming class of 1930 ) . He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund ( 1 April 1930 – 30 June 1930 ) . Schultze was then transferred to the training ship Niobe ( 1 July 1930 – 9 October 1930 ) , attaining the rank of Seekadett ( midshipman ) on 9 October 1930 . Following a 14-month stay onboard the cruiser Emden ( 10",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "October 1930 – 4 January 1932 ) , he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See ( officer cadet ) on 1 January 1932 .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " Schultze then underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the light cruiser Leipzig ( 2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934 ) . During this assignment , he was promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) on 1 April 1934 and to Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) on 1 October 1934 . He also served aboard the cruiser with other future U-boat aces , including Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": "In May 1937 , now an Oberleutnant zur See , Schultze transferred to the U-boat force , taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938 . U-2 was assigned to the U-Bootschulflottille ( U-boat school flotilla ) ; he spent the next year and a half training with the sub .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 22 April 1939 Schultze commissioned , a Type VIIB U-boat . U-48 was later to become the most successful submarine of the war . She was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla , and spent the next four months in training . On 1 June 1939 Schultze was promoted to Kapitänleutnant .",
"title": "Herbert Schultze"
},
{
"text": " On 19 August 1939 , on the eve of World War II , Schultze took U-48 out on her first patrol . On this patrol , which took U-48 to the North Atlantic , southwest of Ireland and to the Rockall Bank before returning to Kiel on 17 September , Leutnant zur See Reinhard Suhren served as 1st watch officer . U-48s 2nd watch officer on this patrol was Leutnant zur See Otto Ites .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "He was at sea when the war started on 1 September 1939 . On 11 September 1939 he sank the British freighter Firby . After the sinking he sent the plain language radio message cq - cq- cq - transmit to Mr . Churchill . I have sunk the British steamer Firby . Posit 59.40 North and 13.50 West . Save the crew , if you please . German submarine . This message , addressed to the First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill directly . Schultze and his crew had already sunk Royal Sceptre on 5 September and Winkleigh",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "three days later for a combined total of .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultze intercepted the freighter Browning some time later and ordered to pick up survivors from Royal Sceptre . Schultzes cease-fire action was on the provision that the British crew did not use their radios to report him . After returning to base , Schultze gave an interview to William L . Shirer , an American reporter , on 29 September 1939 . The patrol yielded of shipping .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "The second patrol began on 4 October and ended 21 days later . During the sortie he sank in 22 days . From 12–17 October 1939 , Schultze sank five ships . Tanker Emile Miguet ( ) , Heronspool Louisiane , Sneaton and Clan Chisholm . Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3 . Nine men were killed aboard Schultzes first eight victims . During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result . A number of the ships were photographed",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "during their sinking by the German crew .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Schultzes third patrol lasted from 20 November to 20 December . The boat sank . Over 8 and 9 December Schultze intercepted Brandon ( ) and San Alberto and the Germaine for on 15 December . The patrol lasted only seven days . Upon Schultzes departure from the Atlantic Ocean on 19 December there were no U-boats in the sea for five days .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "In January 1940 B-Dienst intercepted British naval signals suggesting Ark Royal was a en route through the English Channel . Schultze was ordered to take up position at the Western end with two other boats—U-26 and U-37—and sink her . They were ordered to take up their stations on 12 February . Schultze , believing the other boats were joining him to attack a convoy he was shadowing , decided to stay with the convoy and ignored the orders of Befehlshaber der U-Boote ( BdU ) . He proceeded to expend all but one torpedo and missed the carrier which",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "docked in Portsmouth unmolested . Schultze received a mild reprimand by Dönitz . Schultzes fourth patrol yielded four more ships from 10–17 February 1940 . Two Dutch ships and one Finnish ship accompanied the Sultan Star , sunk on 14 February 1940 . Schultze was awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross for his successes on 2 March . He had sunk of shipping .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 9 April 1940 the Kriegsmarine executed Operation Weserübung . In support of the invasions of Norway and Denmark U-48 carried out combat operations against warships . On 14 April Schultze attacked the battleship Warspite but the torpedoes failed . U-25 made attacks against the battleship in Vestfjorden without success , and probably due to torpedo failure . In a third attack , U-47 commanded by Günther Prien attempted to sink the battleship but failed for the same reason . The widespread mechanical failures of torpedoes at this stage of the war threatened morale . Detailed reports were made to",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "Dönitz . On 20 May 1940 Schultze handed command of U-48 over to Hans Rudolf Rösing due to illness stemming from a stomach and kidney disorder . Schultze was sent to a naval hospital to recuperate . From October 1940 Schultze became part of the naval staff of the 7th U-boat Flotilla , at St Nazaire , in France .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " On 17 December 1940 Schultze resumed command of U-48 , relieving Heinrich Bleichrodt . His resumption of combat operations coincided with the period known as the First Happy Time . In the midst of his next patrol—6 February 1941—Hitler issued Directive 23 . The order singled out the British sea lanes as a priority target for the navy and Luftwaffe .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "On 20 January 1941 Schultze began his sixth patrol which ended on 17 February . Nicolas Angelos , a ship , was sunk from convoy OB 279 on 1 February and Nailsea Lass , followed from convoy SLS 64 23 days later . The convoy was attacked by Admiral Hipper and several other U-boats . A seventh patrol from 17 March–8 April 1941 resulted in four sinkings . Schultze intercepted HX 115 on 29 March and sank three ships . The Hylton , Germanic , , and Limbourg , . The detached Beaverdale was sunk on 2 April which increased",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": "the tally by . In Schultzes eighth and penultimate patrol from 22 May–17 June 1941 , he sank five ships . On 3 June Inversuir from convoy OB 327 , on the 5th Wellfield from convoy OB 328 , and on the 6th and 8th Tregarthen and then Pendrecht from convoy OB 329 . Empire Dew from convoy OG 64 was Schultzes final victim .",
"title": "Knights Cross"
},
{
"text": " Schultze was thus awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross on 12 June 1941 . The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze ( Wolfs Lair ) in Rastenburg ( now Kętrzyn in Poland ) .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": "On 27 July 1941 Schultze left U-48 to take command of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla operating from La Rochelle , also in France . He served in this capacity until March 1942 , when he was assigned to the staff of Marinegruppe Nord as Admiral Staff Officer for U-boats . He was assigned to the staff of Admiral Karl Dönitz in December 1942 . On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän . In March 1944 he was assigned as commander of Department II , Marineschule Mürwik , where he served to the end of the war .",
"title": "Ashore"
},
{
"text": " In August 1945 he was employed by the Allies as commander of the Naval Academy at Mürwik near Flensburg and the Heinz Krey-bearing . In November 1945 , now a civilian , he took the job of manager of the naval facilities in Flensburg-Mürwik until October 1946 .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "On 2 July 1956 , Schultze joined the Bundesmarine of West Germany and served in a string of staff positions . His first disposition was commander of the 3rd Ship Home Department . He served in this capacity from 2 July 1956 to 15 February 1959 . He then served as Staff Officer Personnel ( A1 ) on the command staff of the naval base , was commander of convoy ships , teaching group leaders at the Naval Academy and head of the volunteer adoption headquarters of the Navy until his retirement on 30 September 1968 with the rank of",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": "Kapitän zur See . Schultze died on 3 June 1987 in London .",
"title": "Post-war"
},
{
"text": " As commander of , Schultze is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one further ship of .",
"title": "Ships attacked"
},
{
"text": " - Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class ( 2 October 1936 ) - Olympic Games Decoration ( 20 April 1937 ) - Iron Cross ( 1939 ) - 2nd Class ( 25 September 1939 ) - 1st Class ( 27 October 1939 ) - Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves - Knights Cross on 1 March 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - 15th Oak Leaves on 12 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48 - Croce di Guerra with Swords ( 14 October 1941 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "- U-boat War Badge ( 1939 ) ( 25 October 1939 )",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - Offiziersanwärter ( officer cadet ) – 1 April 1930 - Seekadett ( naval cadet ) – 9 October 1930 - Fähnrich zur See ( midshipman ) – 1 January 1932 - Oberfähnrich zur See ( senior midshipman ) – 1 April 1934 - Leutnant zur See ( acting sub-lieutenant ) – 1 October 1934",
"title": "Reichsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Oberleutnant zur See ( sub-lieutenant ) – 1 June 1936 - Kapitänleutnant ( captain lieutenant/lieutenant ) – 1 June 1939 - Korvettenkapitän ( corvette captain/lieutenant commander ) – 18 March 1943 , effective as of 1 April 1943",
"title": "Kriegsmarine"
},
{
"text": " - Fregattenkapitän ( frigate captain/commander ) - 1 November 1956 , effective as of 2 July 1956 - Kapitän zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) - 1 July 1966",
"title": "Bundesmarine"
}
] |
/wiki/Jordan_Stewart_(footballer,_born_1982)#P54#0
|
Which team did Jordan Stewart (footballer, born 1982) play for in Aug 2001?
|
Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 ) Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising . Club career . Leicester City . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One . On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 . Watford . Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 . Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition . Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract . Derby County . On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League . Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back . Sheffield United . On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades . Skoda Xanthi . Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington . Millwall . Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team . Notts County . Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United . Coventry City . In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club . San Jose Earthquakes . In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes . Phoenix Rising . Stewart moved to USL Championship side Phoenix Rising FC in February 2017 . Personal life . Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .
|
[
"Leicester City"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": " Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades .",
"title": "Sheffield United"
},
{
"text": " Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington .",
"title": "Skoda Xanthi"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United .",
"title": "Notts County"
},
{
"text": " In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club .",
"title": "Coventry City"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes .",
"title": "San Jose Earthquakes"
},
{
"text": " Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Jordan_Stewart_(footballer,_born_1982)#P54#1
|
Which team did Jordan Stewart (footballer, born 1982) play for between Feb 2007 and Oct 2007?
|
Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 ) Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising . Club career . Leicester City . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One . On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 . Watford . Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 . Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition . Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract . Derby County . On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League . Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back . Sheffield United . On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades . Skoda Xanthi . Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington . Millwall . Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team . Notts County . Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United . Coventry City . In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club . San Jose Earthquakes . In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes . Phoenix Rising . Stewart moved to USL Championship side Phoenix Rising FC in February 2017 . Personal life . Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .
|
[
"Watford"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": " Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades .",
"title": "Sheffield United"
},
{
"text": " Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington .",
"title": "Skoda Xanthi"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United .",
"title": "Notts County"
},
{
"text": " In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club .",
"title": "Coventry City"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes .",
"title": "San Jose Earthquakes"
},
{
"text": " Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Jordan_Stewart_(footballer,_born_1982)#P54#2
|
Which team did Jordan Stewart (footballer, born 1982) play for between Jul 2008 and Nov 2008?
|
Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 ) Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising . Club career . Leicester City . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One . On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 . Watford . Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 . Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition . Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract . Derby County . On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League . Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back . Sheffield United . On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades . Skoda Xanthi . Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington . Millwall . Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team . Notts County . Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United . Coventry City . In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club . San Jose Earthquakes . In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes . Phoenix Rising . Stewart moved to USL Championship side Phoenix Rising FC in February 2017 . Personal life . Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .
|
[
"Derby"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": " Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades .",
"title": "Sheffield United"
},
{
"text": " Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington .",
"title": "Skoda Xanthi"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United .",
"title": "Notts County"
},
{
"text": " In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club .",
"title": "Coventry City"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes .",
"title": "San Jose Earthquakes"
},
{
"text": " Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Jordan_Stewart_(footballer,_born_1982)#P54#3
|
Which team did Jordan Stewart (footballer, born 1982) play for in Aug 2009?
|
Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 ) Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising . Club career . Leicester City . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One . On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 . Watford . Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 . Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition . Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract . Derby County . On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League . Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back . Sheffield United . On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades . Skoda Xanthi . Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington . Millwall . Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team . Notts County . Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United . Coventry City . In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club . San Jose Earthquakes . In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes . Phoenix Rising . Stewart moved to USL Championship side Phoenix Rising FC in February 2017 . Personal life . Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .
|
[
"Blades"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": " Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades .",
"title": "Sheffield United"
},
{
"text": " Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington .",
"title": "Skoda Xanthi"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United .",
"title": "Notts County"
},
{
"text": " In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club .",
"title": "Coventry City"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes .",
"title": "San Jose Earthquakes"
},
{
"text": " Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Jordan_Stewart_(footballer,_born_1982)#P54#4
|
Which team did Jordan Stewart (footballer, born 1982) play for between Oct 2010 and Dec 2010?
|
Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 ) Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising . Club career . Leicester City . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One . On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 . Watford . Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 . Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition . Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract . Derby County . On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League . Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back . Sheffield United . On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades . Skoda Xanthi . Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington . Millwall . Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team . Notts County . Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United . Coventry City . In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club . San Jose Earthquakes . In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes . Phoenix Rising . Stewart moved to USL Championship side Phoenix Rising FC in February 2017 . Personal life . Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .
|
[
"Skoda Xanthi"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": " Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades .",
"title": "Sheffield United"
},
{
"text": " Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington .",
"title": "Skoda Xanthi"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United .",
"title": "Notts County"
},
{
"text": " In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club .",
"title": "Coventry City"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes .",
"title": "San Jose Earthquakes"
},
{
"text": " Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Jordan_Stewart_(footballer,_born_1982)#P54#5
|
Which team did Jordan Stewart (footballer, born 1982) play for in Sep 2011?
|
Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 ) Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising . Club career . Leicester City . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One . On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 . Watford . Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 . Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition . Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract . Derby County . On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League . Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back . Sheffield United . On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades . Skoda Xanthi . Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington . Millwall . Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team . Notts County . Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United . Coventry City . In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club . San Jose Earthquakes . In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes . Phoenix Rising . Stewart moved to USL Championship side Phoenix Rising FC in February 2017 . Personal life . Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .
|
[
"Football League Championship side Millwall"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": " Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades .",
"title": "Sheffield United"
},
{
"text": " Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington .",
"title": "Skoda Xanthi"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United .",
"title": "Notts County"
},
{
"text": " In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club .",
"title": "Coventry City"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes .",
"title": "San Jose Earthquakes"
},
{
"text": " Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Jordan_Stewart_(footballer,_born_1982)#P54#6
|
Which team did Jordan Stewart (footballer, born 1982) play for between Feb 2012 and Jun 2012?
|
Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 ) Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising . Club career . Leicester City . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One . On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 . Watford . Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 . Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition . Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract . Derby County . On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League . Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back . Sheffield United . On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades . Skoda Xanthi . Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington . Millwall . Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team . Notts County . Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United . Coventry City . In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club . San Jose Earthquakes . In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes . Phoenix Rising . Stewart moved to USL Championship side Phoenix Rising FC in February 2017 . Personal life . Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .
|
[
"Football League One side Notts County"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": " Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades .",
"title": "Sheffield United"
},
{
"text": " Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington .",
"title": "Skoda Xanthi"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United .",
"title": "Notts County"
},
{
"text": " In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club .",
"title": "Coventry City"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes .",
"title": "San Jose Earthquakes"
},
{
"text": " Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Jordan_Stewart_(footballer,_born_1982)#P54#7
|
Which team did Jordan Stewart (footballer, born 1982) play for in Aug 2013?
|
Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 ) Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising . Club career . Leicester City . Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One . On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 . Watford . Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 . Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition . Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract . Derby County . On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League . Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back . Sheffield United . On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades . Skoda Xanthi . Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington . Millwall . Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team . Notts County . Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United . Coventry City . In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club . San Jose Earthquakes . In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes . Phoenix Rising . Stewart moved to USL Championship side Phoenix Rising FC in February 2017 . Personal life . Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .
|
[
"San Jose Earthquakes"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jordan Barrington Stewart ( born 3 March 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back or left winger .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started his career at Leicester City , where he was relegated twice and once promoted to the Premier League . Whilst at Leicester he also spent a loan spell at Bristol Rovers . He joined Watford in 2005 , and was part of a side that won promotion to Premier League , before being subsequently relegated . He left the club in 2008 and subsequently signed for Derby . In March 2013 he signed a three-month contract with Coventry City on a free transfer . He subsequently spent four seasons in the Major League Soccer with San Jose Earthquakes",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": "and one season in the USL Championship with Phoenix Rising .",
"title": "Jordan Stewart ( footballer , born 1982 )"
},
{
"text": " Stewart started his career at Leicester City , signing professional terms in the summer of 1999 . He made his debut for the club against West Ham United on 22 January 2000 . He made one more appearance for Leicester that season before being loaned to Division Two side Bristol Rovers , for whom he made four appearances . Semi-regular appearances from the bench followed in the 2001–02 season , before he established himself as a member of the first-team in 2002–03 , after the clubs relegation to Division One .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "On 4 August 2002 , Stewart scored the first goal at Leicesters new Walkers Stadium , in a friendly match with Athletic Bilbao . Leicesters return to the Premiership in 2003–04 saw fewer games for Stewart , although he did score a memorable goal against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium in Leicesters 3–0 win in November 2003 . Relegation again saw Stewart hold down a starting position in 2004–05 .",
"title": "Leicester City"
},
{
"text": "Stewart became Adrian Boothroyds first signing for Watford , joining for £125,000 in July 2005 . He started as Watfords first-choice left-back , but was dropped in October 2005 after a run of poor form . He retook the position from James Chambers in January , and started every game until he was dropped for the game against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 14 April 2006 , after another run of poor form . However , he returned to the side as they went on to win the Championship play-offs , playing all three games . He was the only player in",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watfords squad to appear in every single match in 2005–06 .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " Stewart was a first-team regular through the clubs 2006–07 Premiership campaign . Pre-season press speculation linked Stewart with a move to Rangers , but no move came to fruition .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": "Watford were relegated , and started their 2007–08 Championship season away at Wolverhampton Wanderers . Stewart scored his first goal for the club , a deflected free-kick , to equalise in an eventual 2–1 win . Up to the end of 2007 , he started every league game in the campaign . He scored his second goal for the club on his 26th birthday , in a 2–2 draw away at Burnley . On 7 May 2008 , Watford announced ahead of their play-off game with Hull City that they had agreed to release Stewart early from his contract .",
"title": "Watford"
},
{
"text": " On 30 May 2008 , Stewart , along with former Watford teammate Nathan Ellington , signed for Derby County . He signed a three-year contract with the club , who had just been relegated from the Premier League .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "Stewart started the 2008–09 season as second choice left back , behind Jay McEveley , but soon established himself as first choice . With McEveley joining Preston and Charlton on loan , he became an ever-present in the Derby side . Stewart scored his first goal for Derby in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday , a stunning 30-yard strike . In his next home game , he scored another spectacular goal , this one coming against Preston . Once McEveley had returned from his loan spells at the end of January , he re-established himself as first choice left",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": "back and after Derbys FA Cup defeat to Manchester United , Stewart only played one more game for the first team , against Charlton on 25 April . Even with McEveley suffering an injury that ruled him out for the season in early April , Stewart was unable to re-establish himself as Lewin Nyatanga was preferred at left back .",
"title": "Derby County"
},
{
"text": " On the final day of the 2009 Summer transfer window , Stewart held talks with Sheffield United over a possible move to the Bramall Lane club . The deal was finalised later the same day , with Lee Hendrie moving in the opposite direction . Stewart made his début for the Blades a few days later in a 1–1 home draw against local rivals Doncaster Rovers . Stewart was largely used as a substitute or as defensive cover for the remainder of the season , playing twenty three times for the Blades .",
"title": "Sheffield United"
},
{
"text": " Failing to hold down a first team place at Sheffield United he was released from his contract and signed for Super League Greece side Skoda Xanthi in June 2010 . Where he joined former teammate Nathan Ellington .",
"title": "Skoda Xanthi"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a one-year deal with Football League Championship side Millwall on 7 July 2011 , after a week-long trial with the club , stating his wish to return from Greece to an English team .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " Stewart signed a short-term deal with Football League One side Notts County on 6 October 2012 , and played later that day against table toppers Tranmere Rovers . He scored his first and only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against former club Sheffield United .",
"title": "Notts County"
},
{
"text": " In March 2013 Stewart signed a three-month contract with Football League One side Coventry City . Coventry manager Steven Pressley announced on 30 April 2013 that Stewarts contract would not be renewed . In total , Stewart made six appearances for the club .",
"title": "Coventry City"
},
{
"text": " In July 2013 , Stewart signed with Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes .",
"title": "San Jose Earthquakes"
},
{
"text": " Stewart and his close friend and fellow footballer Joleon Lescott launched a clothing label together in 2012 named LescottStewart .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Joyce#P39#0
|
What position did Steven Joyce take before Aug 2016?
|
Steven Joyce Steven Leonard Joyce ( born 7 April 1963 ) is a New Zealand former politician , who entered the New Zealand House of Representatives in 2008 as a member of the New Zealand National Party . In the same year he became Minister of Transport and Minister for Communications and Information Technology . He later became Minister of Science and Innovation , and then served as Minister for Finance and Minister for Infrastructure . As a broadcasting entrepreneur with RadioWorks , he was a millionaire before he entered politics . On 6 March 2018 , he announced his resignation from politics . Early life . Joyces parents worked as grocers . He went to school at Francis Douglas Memorial College , before enrolling at Massey University , applying to study veterinary science . However he missed the cut , graduating instead with a BSc in zoology . While at university he worked as a presenter and programme director on student radio . He also took eleven economics papers at Massey from 1982 to 1986 , withdrew or did not complete seven of them and failed one through insufficient grade . Broadcasting career . After leaving university Joyce and a group of friends ( including radio presenter Jeremy Corbett ) started their own radio station , Energy FM , in New Plymouth . With business partners , he built up RadioWorks over the next seventeen years , both organically and by acquisition , to a network of 22 radio stations and 650 staff . He retired as Managing Director of RadioWorks in April 2001 , when CanWest purchased it , Joyce receiving $6 million for the sale . After RadioWorks he joined the New Zealand National Party , working as their campaign manager in both the 2005 and the 2008 general elections . He was announced as a list only candidate for the party in the 2002 general election , but did not appear on the final list . He also served as CEO of Jasons Travel Media for two years until 2008 . In 2010 while Minister of Transport , Joyce admitted to two prior driving convictions , careless driving resulting in a fine in 1988 , and careless driving causing injury resulting in a fine and loss of licence in 1989 . Member of Parliament . First term , 2008–2011 . On 8 November 2008 , Joyce was elected as a list-only candidate ( ranked 16th on the party list ) at the 2008 election in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand of the 49th Parliament of New Zealand representing the New Zealand National Party . As a first term member of parliament , Joyce was appointed to the office of the Minister of Transport and the office of the Communications and Information Technology . Joyce was also appointed as a member of the Executive Council and was titled as The Honourable Steven Leonard Joyce , MP . During his tenure as Minister of Transport a number of changes were introduced . In November 2009 a ban on using cellphones while driving came into effect . In 2010 , New Zealands unique right-hand rule at intersections was reversed . The minimum driving age was also raised from 15 to 16 . Both measures were subject to cabinet approval and public consultation , and eventually passed into law . This minimum driving age proposal was criticised by the editorial board of The New Zealand Herald for being too hesitant after experts and the public had favoured raising the driving age as high as 18 and in the opinion of the newspaper , Joyce had not shown the resolve to follow the recommendations . He helped create Auckland Transport as a council-controlled organisation for Auckland . Joyce stated that Auckland will need a good agency focused on delivering the projects that have been agreed by council and noting that Council had a number of ways of ensuring that the entity was accountable . Joyce was also appointed to the Office of Minister for Tertiary Education , Skills and Employment replacing Anne Tolley , effective 27 January 2010 . Second term , 2011–2014 . In the 2011 election for the 50th New Zealand Parliament Joyce retained his seat in Parliament ( as a list candidate , now rated 13th on the party list ) and was appointed to the office of Minister for Economic Development . in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand . His previous role as Minister of Transport passed to Gerry Brownlee . In May 2013 , he signed a deal with casino Skycity Auckland , allowing it to install an additional 230 pokie machines and 40 new gambling tables , in exchange for building a $402 million convention centre . In August 2013 , he was given responsibility to investigate both the Novopay debacle and the 2013 Fonterra recall . Third term , 2014–2017 . In what became known as the Waitangi dildo incident , a rubber sex toy was thrown at Joyce during an anti-TPPA protest at the 2016 Waitangi Day celebrations while he was speaking to media . The protester responsible , Josie Butler , a nurse from Christchurch , shouted That’s for raping our sovereignty . She claimed she was protesting against the TPPA . She was taken away by police , but not charged . On 20 December 2016 , Joyce was appointed as Minister of Finance and Infrastructure . During the lead-up to the 2017 general election , Joyce alleged that there was an NZ$11 billion hole in the opposition Labour Partys fiscal plan . These charges were disputed by Labour politicians including Opposition Leader Jacinda Ardern and Deputy Leader Kelvin Davis . During the 2017 election , Joyce stood on the National Party list and was re-elected . National won 44% of the popular vote and 56 seats ; maintaining its plurality in the New Zealand House of Representatives . However , National fell short of the majority needed to govern alone . Following post-election negotiations , Labour formed a coalition government with the opposition New Zealand First and Green parties . In Opposition , 2017–2018 . Following the formation of a Labour-led coalition government , Joyce became the National Partys Spokesperson for Finance and Infrastructure . He was also allocated a seat on the Finance and Expenditure Select Committee . However , on 6 March 2018 , Joyce announced he would resign from Parliament , reportedly after not being offered the Finance portfolio under new National leader Simon Bridges , who had replaced Bill English . Private life . Joyce lives in Albany with his wife Suzanne and their two children . External links . - MediaWorks repays Joyce loan for radio licences , nzherald.co.nz , 4 October 2012 ; accessed 26 January 2017 . - Profile , national.org.nz ; accessed 26 January 2017 .
|
[
"member of the New Zealand National Party"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven Leonard Joyce ( born 7 April 1963 ) is a New Zealand former politician , who entered the New Zealand House of Representatives in 2008 as a member of the New Zealand National Party . In the same year he became Minister of Transport and Minister for Communications and Information Technology . He later became Minister of Science and Innovation , and then served as Minister for Finance and Minister for Infrastructure . As a broadcasting entrepreneur with RadioWorks , he was a millionaire before he entered politics .",
"title": "Steven Joyce"
},
{
"text": "On 6 March 2018 , he announced his resignation from politics .",
"title": "Steven Joyce"
},
{
"text": " Joyces parents worked as grocers . He went to school at Francis Douglas Memorial College , before enrolling at Massey University , applying to study veterinary science . However he missed the cut , graduating instead with a BSc in zoology . While at university he worked as a presenter and programme director on student radio . He also took eleven economics papers at Massey from 1982 to 1986 , withdrew or did not complete seven of them and failed one through insufficient grade .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After leaving university Joyce and a group of friends ( including radio presenter Jeremy Corbett ) started their own radio station , Energy FM , in New Plymouth . With business partners , he built up RadioWorks over the next seventeen years , both organically and by acquisition , to a network of 22 radio stations and 650 staff . He retired as Managing Director of RadioWorks in April 2001 , when CanWest purchased it , Joyce receiving $6 million for the sale .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": "After RadioWorks he joined the New Zealand National Party , working as their campaign manager in both the 2005 and the 2008 general elections . He was announced as a list only candidate for the party in the 2002 general election , but did not appear on the final list . He also served as CEO of Jasons Travel Media for two years until 2008 .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 while Minister of Transport , Joyce admitted to two prior driving convictions , careless driving resulting in a fine in 1988 , and careless driving causing injury resulting in a fine and loss of licence in 1989 .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": " First term , 2008–2011 . On 8 November 2008 , Joyce was elected as a list-only candidate ( ranked 16th on the party list ) at the 2008 election in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand of the 49th Parliament of New Zealand representing the New Zealand National Party .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "As a first term member of parliament , Joyce was appointed to the office of the Minister of Transport and the office of the Communications and Information Technology . Joyce was also appointed as a member of the Executive Council and was titled as The Honourable Steven Leonard Joyce , MP . During his tenure as Minister of Transport a number of changes were introduced . In November 2009 a ban on using cellphones while driving came into effect .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , New Zealands unique right-hand rule at intersections was reversed . The minimum driving age was also raised from 15 to 16 . Both measures were subject to cabinet approval and public consultation , and eventually passed into law . This minimum driving age proposal was criticised by the editorial board of The New Zealand Herald for being too hesitant after experts and the public had favoured raising the driving age as high as 18 and in the opinion of the newspaper , Joyce had not shown the resolve to follow the recommendations .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "He helped create Auckland Transport as a council-controlled organisation for Auckland . Joyce stated that Auckland will need a good agency focused on delivering the projects that have been agreed by council and noting that Council had a number of ways of ensuring that the entity was accountable .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Joyce was also appointed to the Office of Minister for Tertiary Education , Skills and Employment replacing Anne Tolley , effective 27 January 2010 . Second term , 2011–2014 . In the 2011 election for the 50th New Zealand Parliament Joyce retained his seat in Parliament ( as a list candidate , now rated 13th on the party list ) and was appointed to the office of Minister for Economic Development . in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand . His previous role as Minister of Transport passed to Gerry Brownlee .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "In May 2013 , he signed a deal with casino Skycity Auckland , allowing it to install an additional 230 pokie machines and 40 new gambling tables , in exchange for building a $402 million convention centre .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " In August 2013 , he was given responsibility to investigate both the Novopay debacle and the 2013 Fonterra recall . Third term , 2014–2017 . In what became known as the Waitangi dildo incident , a rubber sex toy was thrown at Joyce during an anti-TPPA protest at the 2016 Waitangi Day celebrations while he was speaking to media . The protester responsible , Josie Butler , a nurse from Christchurch , shouted That’s for raping our sovereignty . She claimed she was protesting against the TPPA . She was taken away by police , but not charged .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "On 20 December 2016 , Joyce was appointed as Minister of Finance and Infrastructure . During the lead-up to the 2017 general election , Joyce alleged that there was an NZ$11 billion hole in the opposition Labour Partys fiscal plan . These charges were disputed by Labour politicians including Opposition Leader Jacinda Ardern and Deputy Leader Kelvin Davis .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " During the 2017 election , Joyce stood on the National Party list and was re-elected . National won 44% of the popular vote and 56 seats ; maintaining its plurality in the New Zealand House of Representatives . However , National fell short of the majority needed to govern alone . Following post-election negotiations , Labour formed a coalition government with the opposition New Zealand First and Green parties . In Opposition , 2017–2018 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "Following the formation of a Labour-led coalition government , Joyce became the National Partys Spokesperson for Finance and Infrastructure . He was also allocated a seat on the Finance and Expenditure Select Committee . However , on 6 March 2018 , Joyce announced he would resign from Parliament , reportedly after not being offered the Finance portfolio under new National leader Simon Bridges , who had replaced Bill English .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - MediaWorks repays Joyce loan for radio licences , nzherald.co.nz , 4 October 2012 ; accessed 26 January 2017 . - Profile , national.org.nz ; accessed 26 January 2017 .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Joyce#P39#1
|
What position did Steven Joyce take in Jul 2017?
|
Steven Joyce Steven Leonard Joyce ( born 7 April 1963 ) is a New Zealand former politician , who entered the New Zealand House of Representatives in 2008 as a member of the New Zealand National Party . In the same year he became Minister of Transport and Minister for Communications and Information Technology . He later became Minister of Science and Innovation , and then served as Minister for Finance and Minister for Infrastructure . As a broadcasting entrepreneur with RadioWorks , he was a millionaire before he entered politics . On 6 March 2018 , he announced his resignation from politics . Early life . Joyces parents worked as grocers . He went to school at Francis Douglas Memorial College , before enrolling at Massey University , applying to study veterinary science . However he missed the cut , graduating instead with a BSc in zoology . While at university he worked as a presenter and programme director on student radio . He also took eleven economics papers at Massey from 1982 to 1986 , withdrew or did not complete seven of them and failed one through insufficient grade . Broadcasting career . After leaving university Joyce and a group of friends ( including radio presenter Jeremy Corbett ) started their own radio station , Energy FM , in New Plymouth . With business partners , he built up RadioWorks over the next seventeen years , both organically and by acquisition , to a network of 22 radio stations and 650 staff . He retired as Managing Director of RadioWorks in April 2001 , when CanWest purchased it , Joyce receiving $6 million for the sale . After RadioWorks he joined the New Zealand National Party , working as their campaign manager in both the 2005 and the 2008 general elections . He was announced as a list only candidate for the party in the 2002 general election , but did not appear on the final list . He also served as CEO of Jasons Travel Media for two years until 2008 . In 2010 while Minister of Transport , Joyce admitted to two prior driving convictions , careless driving resulting in a fine in 1988 , and careless driving causing injury resulting in a fine and loss of licence in 1989 . Member of Parliament . First term , 2008–2011 . On 8 November 2008 , Joyce was elected as a list-only candidate ( ranked 16th on the party list ) at the 2008 election in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand of the 49th Parliament of New Zealand representing the New Zealand National Party . As a first term member of parliament , Joyce was appointed to the office of the Minister of Transport and the office of the Communications and Information Technology . Joyce was also appointed as a member of the Executive Council and was titled as The Honourable Steven Leonard Joyce , MP . During his tenure as Minister of Transport a number of changes were introduced . In November 2009 a ban on using cellphones while driving came into effect . In 2010 , New Zealands unique right-hand rule at intersections was reversed . The minimum driving age was also raised from 15 to 16 . Both measures were subject to cabinet approval and public consultation , and eventually passed into law . This minimum driving age proposal was criticised by the editorial board of The New Zealand Herald for being too hesitant after experts and the public had favoured raising the driving age as high as 18 and in the opinion of the newspaper , Joyce had not shown the resolve to follow the recommendations . He helped create Auckland Transport as a council-controlled organisation for Auckland . Joyce stated that Auckland will need a good agency focused on delivering the projects that have been agreed by council and noting that Council had a number of ways of ensuring that the entity was accountable . Joyce was also appointed to the Office of Minister for Tertiary Education , Skills and Employment replacing Anne Tolley , effective 27 January 2010 . Second term , 2011–2014 . In the 2011 election for the 50th New Zealand Parliament Joyce retained his seat in Parliament ( as a list candidate , now rated 13th on the party list ) and was appointed to the office of Minister for Economic Development . in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand . His previous role as Minister of Transport passed to Gerry Brownlee . In May 2013 , he signed a deal with casino Skycity Auckland , allowing it to install an additional 230 pokie machines and 40 new gambling tables , in exchange for building a $402 million convention centre . In August 2013 , he was given responsibility to investigate both the Novopay debacle and the 2013 Fonterra recall . Third term , 2014–2017 . In what became known as the Waitangi dildo incident , a rubber sex toy was thrown at Joyce during an anti-TPPA protest at the 2016 Waitangi Day celebrations while he was speaking to media . The protester responsible , Josie Butler , a nurse from Christchurch , shouted That’s for raping our sovereignty . She claimed she was protesting against the TPPA . She was taken away by police , but not charged . On 20 December 2016 , Joyce was appointed as Minister of Finance and Infrastructure . During the lead-up to the 2017 general election , Joyce alleged that there was an NZ$11 billion hole in the opposition Labour Partys fiscal plan . These charges were disputed by Labour politicians including Opposition Leader Jacinda Ardern and Deputy Leader Kelvin Davis . During the 2017 election , Joyce stood on the National Party list and was re-elected . National won 44% of the popular vote and 56 seats ; maintaining its plurality in the New Zealand House of Representatives . However , National fell short of the majority needed to govern alone . Following post-election negotiations , Labour formed a coalition government with the opposition New Zealand First and Green parties . In Opposition , 2017–2018 . Following the formation of a Labour-led coalition government , Joyce became the National Partys Spokesperson for Finance and Infrastructure . He was also allocated a seat on the Finance and Expenditure Select Committee . However , on 6 March 2018 , Joyce announced he would resign from Parliament , reportedly after not being offered the Finance portfolio under new National leader Simon Bridges , who had replaced Bill English . Private life . Joyce lives in Albany with his wife Suzanne and their two children . External links . - MediaWorks repays Joyce loan for radio licences , nzherald.co.nz , 4 October 2012 ; accessed 26 January 2017 . - Profile , national.org.nz ; accessed 26 January 2017 .
|
[
"Minister of Finance and Infrastructure",
"member of the New Zealand National Party"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven Leonard Joyce ( born 7 April 1963 ) is a New Zealand former politician , who entered the New Zealand House of Representatives in 2008 as a member of the New Zealand National Party . In the same year he became Minister of Transport and Minister for Communications and Information Technology . He later became Minister of Science and Innovation , and then served as Minister for Finance and Minister for Infrastructure . As a broadcasting entrepreneur with RadioWorks , he was a millionaire before he entered politics .",
"title": "Steven Joyce"
},
{
"text": "On 6 March 2018 , he announced his resignation from politics .",
"title": "Steven Joyce"
},
{
"text": " Joyces parents worked as grocers . He went to school at Francis Douglas Memorial College , before enrolling at Massey University , applying to study veterinary science . However he missed the cut , graduating instead with a BSc in zoology . While at university he worked as a presenter and programme director on student radio . He also took eleven economics papers at Massey from 1982 to 1986 , withdrew or did not complete seven of them and failed one through insufficient grade .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After leaving university Joyce and a group of friends ( including radio presenter Jeremy Corbett ) started their own radio station , Energy FM , in New Plymouth . With business partners , he built up RadioWorks over the next seventeen years , both organically and by acquisition , to a network of 22 radio stations and 650 staff . He retired as Managing Director of RadioWorks in April 2001 , when CanWest purchased it , Joyce receiving $6 million for the sale .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": "After RadioWorks he joined the New Zealand National Party , working as their campaign manager in both the 2005 and the 2008 general elections . He was announced as a list only candidate for the party in the 2002 general election , but did not appear on the final list . He also served as CEO of Jasons Travel Media for two years until 2008 .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 while Minister of Transport , Joyce admitted to two prior driving convictions , careless driving resulting in a fine in 1988 , and careless driving causing injury resulting in a fine and loss of licence in 1989 .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": " First term , 2008–2011 . On 8 November 2008 , Joyce was elected as a list-only candidate ( ranked 16th on the party list ) at the 2008 election in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand of the 49th Parliament of New Zealand representing the New Zealand National Party .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "As a first term member of parliament , Joyce was appointed to the office of the Minister of Transport and the office of the Communications and Information Technology . Joyce was also appointed as a member of the Executive Council and was titled as The Honourable Steven Leonard Joyce , MP . During his tenure as Minister of Transport a number of changes were introduced . In November 2009 a ban on using cellphones while driving came into effect .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , New Zealands unique right-hand rule at intersections was reversed . The minimum driving age was also raised from 15 to 16 . Both measures were subject to cabinet approval and public consultation , and eventually passed into law . This minimum driving age proposal was criticised by the editorial board of The New Zealand Herald for being too hesitant after experts and the public had favoured raising the driving age as high as 18 and in the opinion of the newspaper , Joyce had not shown the resolve to follow the recommendations .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "He helped create Auckland Transport as a council-controlled organisation for Auckland . Joyce stated that Auckland will need a good agency focused on delivering the projects that have been agreed by council and noting that Council had a number of ways of ensuring that the entity was accountable .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Joyce was also appointed to the Office of Minister for Tertiary Education , Skills and Employment replacing Anne Tolley , effective 27 January 2010 . Second term , 2011–2014 . In the 2011 election for the 50th New Zealand Parliament Joyce retained his seat in Parliament ( as a list candidate , now rated 13th on the party list ) and was appointed to the office of Minister for Economic Development . in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand . His previous role as Minister of Transport passed to Gerry Brownlee .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "In May 2013 , he signed a deal with casino Skycity Auckland , allowing it to install an additional 230 pokie machines and 40 new gambling tables , in exchange for building a $402 million convention centre .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " In August 2013 , he was given responsibility to investigate both the Novopay debacle and the 2013 Fonterra recall . Third term , 2014–2017 . In what became known as the Waitangi dildo incident , a rubber sex toy was thrown at Joyce during an anti-TPPA protest at the 2016 Waitangi Day celebrations while he was speaking to media . The protester responsible , Josie Butler , a nurse from Christchurch , shouted That’s for raping our sovereignty . She claimed she was protesting against the TPPA . She was taken away by police , but not charged .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "On 20 December 2016 , Joyce was appointed as Minister of Finance and Infrastructure . During the lead-up to the 2017 general election , Joyce alleged that there was an NZ$11 billion hole in the opposition Labour Partys fiscal plan . These charges were disputed by Labour politicians including Opposition Leader Jacinda Ardern and Deputy Leader Kelvin Davis .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " During the 2017 election , Joyce stood on the National Party list and was re-elected . National won 44% of the popular vote and 56 seats ; maintaining its plurality in the New Zealand House of Representatives . However , National fell short of the majority needed to govern alone . Following post-election negotiations , Labour formed a coalition government with the opposition New Zealand First and Green parties . In Opposition , 2017–2018 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "Following the formation of a Labour-led coalition government , Joyce became the National Partys Spokesperson for Finance and Infrastructure . He was also allocated a seat on the Finance and Expenditure Select Committee . However , on 6 March 2018 , Joyce announced he would resign from Parliament , reportedly after not being offered the Finance portfolio under new National leader Simon Bridges , who had replaced Bill English .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - MediaWorks repays Joyce loan for radio licences , nzherald.co.nz , 4 October 2012 ; accessed 26 January 2017 . - Profile , national.org.nz ; accessed 26 January 2017 .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Joyce#P39#2
|
What position did Steven Joyce take in Oct 2017?
|
Steven Joyce Steven Leonard Joyce ( born 7 April 1963 ) is a New Zealand former politician , who entered the New Zealand House of Representatives in 2008 as a member of the New Zealand National Party . In the same year he became Minister of Transport and Minister for Communications and Information Technology . He later became Minister of Science and Innovation , and then served as Minister for Finance and Minister for Infrastructure . As a broadcasting entrepreneur with RadioWorks , he was a millionaire before he entered politics . On 6 March 2018 , he announced his resignation from politics . Early life . Joyces parents worked as grocers . He went to school at Francis Douglas Memorial College , before enrolling at Massey University , applying to study veterinary science . However he missed the cut , graduating instead with a BSc in zoology . While at university he worked as a presenter and programme director on student radio . He also took eleven economics papers at Massey from 1982 to 1986 , withdrew or did not complete seven of them and failed one through insufficient grade . Broadcasting career . After leaving university Joyce and a group of friends ( including radio presenter Jeremy Corbett ) started their own radio station , Energy FM , in New Plymouth . With business partners , he built up RadioWorks over the next seventeen years , both organically and by acquisition , to a network of 22 radio stations and 650 staff . He retired as Managing Director of RadioWorks in April 2001 , when CanWest purchased it , Joyce receiving $6 million for the sale . After RadioWorks he joined the New Zealand National Party , working as their campaign manager in both the 2005 and the 2008 general elections . He was announced as a list only candidate for the party in the 2002 general election , but did not appear on the final list . He also served as CEO of Jasons Travel Media for two years until 2008 . In 2010 while Minister of Transport , Joyce admitted to two prior driving convictions , careless driving resulting in a fine in 1988 , and careless driving causing injury resulting in a fine and loss of licence in 1989 . Member of Parliament . First term , 2008–2011 . On 8 November 2008 , Joyce was elected as a list-only candidate ( ranked 16th on the party list ) at the 2008 election in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand of the 49th Parliament of New Zealand representing the New Zealand National Party . As a first term member of parliament , Joyce was appointed to the office of the Minister of Transport and the office of the Communications and Information Technology . Joyce was also appointed as a member of the Executive Council and was titled as The Honourable Steven Leonard Joyce , MP . During his tenure as Minister of Transport a number of changes were introduced . In November 2009 a ban on using cellphones while driving came into effect . In 2010 , New Zealands unique right-hand rule at intersections was reversed . The minimum driving age was also raised from 15 to 16 . Both measures were subject to cabinet approval and public consultation , and eventually passed into law . This minimum driving age proposal was criticised by the editorial board of The New Zealand Herald for being too hesitant after experts and the public had favoured raising the driving age as high as 18 and in the opinion of the newspaper , Joyce had not shown the resolve to follow the recommendations . He helped create Auckland Transport as a council-controlled organisation for Auckland . Joyce stated that Auckland will need a good agency focused on delivering the projects that have been agreed by council and noting that Council had a number of ways of ensuring that the entity was accountable . Joyce was also appointed to the Office of Minister for Tertiary Education , Skills and Employment replacing Anne Tolley , effective 27 January 2010 . Second term , 2011–2014 . In the 2011 election for the 50th New Zealand Parliament Joyce retained his seat in Parliament ( as a list candidate , now rated 13th on the party list ) and was appointed to the office of Minister for Economic Development . in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand . His previous role as Minister of Transport passed to Gerry Brownlee . In May 2013 , he signed a deal with casino Skycity Auckland , allowing it to install an additional 230 pokie machines and 40 new gambling tables , in exchange for building a $402 million convention centre . In August 2013 , he was given responsibility to investigate both the Novopay debacle and the 2013 Fonterra recall . Third term , 2014–2017 . In what became known as the Waitangi dildo incident , a rubber sex toy was thrown at Joyce during an anti-TPPA protest at the 2016 Waitangi Day celebrations while he was speaking to media . The protester responsible , Josie Butler , a nurse from Christchurch , shouted That’s for raping our sovereignty . She claimed she was protesting against the TPPA . She was taken away by police , but not charged . On 20 December 2016 , Joyce was appointed as Minister of Finance and Infrastructure . During the lead-up to the 2017 general election , Joyce alleged that there was an NZ$11 billion hole in the opposition Labour Partys fiscal plan . These charges were disputed by Labour politicians including Opposition Leader Jacinda Ardern and Deputy Leader Kelvin Davis . During the 2017 election , Joyce stood on the National Party list and was re-elected . National won 44% of the popular vote and 56 seats ; maintaining its plurality in the New Zealand House of Representatives . However , National fell short of the majority needed to govern alone . Following post-election negotiations , Labour formed a coalition government with the opposition New Zealand First and Green parties . In Opposition , 2017–2018 . Following the formation of a Labour-led coalition government , Joyce became the National Partys Spokesperson for Finance and Infrastructure . He was also allocated a seat on the Finance and Expenditure Select Committee . However , on 6 March 2018 , Joyce announced he would resign from Parliament , reportedly after not being offered the Finance portfolio under new National leader Simon Bridges , who had replaced Bill English . Private life . Joyce lives in Albany with his wife Suzanne and their two children . External links . - MediaWorks repays Joyce loan for radio licences , nzherald.co.nz , 4 October 2012 ; accessed 26 January 2017 . - Profile , national.org.nz ; accessed 26 January 2017 .
|
[
"member of the New Zealand National Party",
"Minister for Infrastructure"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven Leonard Joyce ( born 7 April 1963 ) is a New Zealand former politician , who entered the New Zealand House of Representatives in 2008 as a member of the New Zealand National Party . In the same year he became Minister of Transport and Minister for Communications and Information Technology . He later became Minister of Science and Innovation , and then served as Minister for Finance and Minister for Infrastructure . As a broadcasting entrepreneur with RadioWorks , he was a millionaire before he entered politics .",
"title": "Steven Joyce"
},
{
"text": "On 6 March 2018 , he announced his resignation from politics .",
"title": "Steven Joyce"
},
{
"text": " Joyces parents worked as grocers . He went to school at Francis Douglas Memorial College , before enrolling at Massey University , applying to study veterinary science . However he missed the cut , graduating instead with a BSc in zoology . While at university he worked as a presenter and programme director on student radio . He also took eleven economics papers at Massey from 1982 to 1986 , withdrew or did not complete seven of them and failed one through insufficient grade .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After leaving university Joyce and a group of friends ( including radio presenter Jeremy Corbett ) started their own radio station , Energy FM , in New Plymouth . With business partners , he built up RadioWorks over the next seventeen years , both organically and by acquisition , to a network of 22 radio stations and 650 staff . He retired as Managing Director of RadioWorks in April 2001 , when CanWest purchased it , Joyce receiving $6 million for the sale .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": "After RadioWorks he joined the New Zealand National Party , working as their campaign manager in both the 2005 and the 2008 general elections . He was announced as a list only candidate for the party in the 2002 general election , but did not appear on the final list . He also served as CEO of Jasons Travel Media for two years until 2008 .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 while Minister of Transport , Joyce admitted to two prior driving convictions , careless driving resulting in a fine in 1988 , and careless driving causing injury resulting in a fine and loss of licence in 1989 .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": " First term , 2008–2011 . On 8 November 2008 , Joyce was elected as a list-only candidate ( ranked 16th on the party list ) at the 2008 election in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand of the 49th Parliament of New Zealand representing the New Zealand National Party .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "As a first term member of parliament , Joyce was appointed to the office of the Minister of Transport and the office of the Communications and Information Technology . Joyce was also appointed as a member of the Executive Council and was titled as The Honourable Steven Leonard Joyce , MP . During his tenure as Minister of Transport a number of changes were introduced . In November 2009 a ban on using cellphones while driving came into effect .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , New Zealands unique right-hand rule at intersections was reversed . The minimum driving age was also raised from 15 to 16 . Both measures were subject to cabinet approval and public consultation , and eventually passed into law . This minimum driving age proposal was criticised by the editorial board of The New Zealand Herald for being too hesitant after experts and the public had favoured raising the driving age as high as 18 and in the opinion of the newspaper , Joyce had not shown the resolve to follow the recommendations .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "He helped create Auckland Transport as a council-controlled organisation for Auckland . Joyce stated that Auckland will need a good agency focused on delivering the projects that have been agreed by council and noting that Council had a number of ways of ensuring that the entity was accountable .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Joyce was also appointed to the Office of Minister for Tertiary Education , Skills and Employment replacing Anne Tolley , effective 27 January 2010 . Second term , 2011–2014 . In the 2011 election for the 50th New Zealand Parliament Joyce retained his seat in Parliament ( as a list candidate , now rated 13th on the party list ) and was appointed to the office of Minister for Economic Development . in the Fifth National Government of New Zealand . His previous role as Minister of Transport passed to Gerry Brownlee .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "In May 2013 , he signed a deal with casino Skycity Auckland , allowing it to install an additional 230 pokie machines and 40 new gambling tables , in exchange for building a $402 million convention centre .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " In August 2013 , he was given responsibility to investigate both the Novopay debacle and the 2013 Fonterra recall . Third term , 2014–2017 . In what became known as the Waitangi dildo incident , a rubber sex toy was thrown at Joyce during an anti-TPPA protest at the 2016 Waitangi Day celebrations while he was speaking to media . The protester responsible , Josie Butler , a nurse from Christchurch , shouted That’s for raping our sovereignty . She claimed she was protesting against the TPPA . She was taken away by police , but not charged .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "On 20 December 2016 , Joyce was appointed as Minister of Finance and Infrastructure . During the lead-up to the 2017 general election , Joyce alleged that there was an NZ$11 billion hole in the opposition Labour Partys fiscal plan . These charges were disputed by Labour politicians including Opposition Leader Jacinda Ardern and Deputy Leader Kelvin Davis .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " During the 2017 election , Joyce stood on the National Party list and was re-elected . National won 44% of the popular vote and 56 seats ; maintaining its plurality in the New Zealand House of Representatives . However , National fell short of the majority needed to govern alone . Following post-election negotiations , Labour formed a coalition government with the opposition New Zealand First and Green parties . In Opposition , 2017–2018 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "Following the formation of a Labour-led coalition government , Joyce became the National Partys Spokesperson for Finance and Infrastructure . He was also allocated a seat on the Finance and Expenditure Select Committee . However , on 6 March 2018 , Joyce announced he would resign from Parliament , reportedly after not being offered the Finance portfolio under new National leader Simon Bridges , who had replaced Bill English .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - MediaWorks repays Joyce loan for radio licences , nzherald.co.nz , 4 October 2012 ; accessed 26 January 2017 . - Profile , national.org.nz ; accessed 26 January 2017 .",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Owen_Garriott#P69#0
|
Owen Garriott went to which school in Jan 1952?
|
Owen Garriott Owen Kay Garriott ( November 22 , 1930 – April 15 , 2019 ) was an American electrical engineer and NASA astronaut , who spent 60 days aboard the Skylab space station in 1973 during the Skylab 3 mission , and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 on a Space Shuttle mission in 1983 . After serving in the United States Navy , Garriott was an engineering professor at Stanford University before attending the United States Air Force Pilot Training Program and later joining NASA . After his NASA career , he worked for various aerospace companies , consulted on NASA-related committees , taught as an adjunct professor , and conducted research on microbes found in extreme environments . Early life . Owen Kay Garriott was born in Enid , Oklahoma , on November 22 , 1930 , to Owen and Mary Catherine Garriott ( ) . Owens middle name was based on his mothers middle name . He was a Boy Scout ( earning the rank of Star Scout ) , and graduated from Enid High School in 1948 , where he served as senior class president and was voted Most Likely To Succeed . He received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1953 , where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity . He was also the elected president of the senior class . He later earned Master of Science and Ph.D . degrees from Stanford University in electrical engineering in 1957 and 1960 , respectively . Career . U.S . military . Garriott served as electronics officer in the United States Navy from 1953 to 1956 . From 1961 through 1965 , he was an assistant professor and associate professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University . He performed research and led graduate studies in ionospheric physics after obtaining his doctorate , and authored or co-authored more than 45 scientific papers , chapters and one book , principally in areas of the physical sciences . As a prerequisite of the eras scientist-astronaut training , he completed a one-year United States Air Force pilot training program in 1966 , receiving qualification as pilot in jet aircraft . NASA . In 1965 , Garriott was one of the six scientist-astronauts selected by NASA . His first spaceflight , the Skylab 3 mission in 1973 , set a world record for duration of approximately 60 days , more than double the previous record . Extensive experiments were conducted of the Sun , of Earth resources and in various life sciences relating to human adaptation to weightlessness . His second space flight was aboard STS-9 ( Spacelab-1 ) in 1983 , a multidisciplinary and international mission of 10 days aboard Space Shuttle Columbia . Over 70 separate experiments in six different disciplines were conducted , primarily to demonstrate the suitability of Spacelab for research in all these areas . He operated the worlds first amateur radio station from space , W5LFL , which expanded into an important activity on dozens of shuttle flights , Space Station Mir and the International Space Station , with scores of astronauts and cosmonauts participating . Between these missions , Garriott received a NASA fellowship in the Space Station Project Office . In this position , he worked closely with the external scientific communities and advised the project manager concerning the scientific suitability of the space station design . Garriott held the distinction of being the NASA astronaut with the earliest-obtained PhD degree , having earned his PhD from Stanford University in 1960 , two years before Robert A . Parker who obtained his PhD from Caltech in 1962 . Garriott was an Extra Class amateur radio operator holding call sign W5LFL . On December 1 , 1983 , he made the first amateur radio contact from space using a Motorola handheld 2-meter radio while onboard the STS-9 Space Shuttle Columbia mission . The Skylab stowaway prank . On September 10 , 1973 , controllers in Houston were startled to hear a womans voice beaming down from Skylab . The voice startled capsule communicator ( CAPCOM ) Bob Crippen by calling him by name , and then the woman explained : The boys havent had a home-cooked meal in so long I thought Id bring one up . After several minutes in which she described forest fires seen from space and the beautiful sunrise , the woman said : Oh oh . I have to cut off now . I think the boys are floating up here toward the command module and Im not supposed to be talking to you . As the Skylab astronauts later revealed , Garriott had recorded his wife , Helen , during a private radio transmission the night before . Post-NASA career . After leaving NASA in June 1986 , Garriott consulted for various aerospace companies and served as a member of several NASA and National Research Council Committees . From January 1988 until May 1993 , he was vice president of space programs at Teledyne Brown Engineering . This division , which grew to over 1,000 people , provided payload integration for all Spacelab projects at the Marshall Space Flight Center and had a substantial role in the development of the U.S . laboratory for the International Space Station . Garriott devoted time to several charitable activities in his hometown , including the Enid Arts and Sciences Foundation of which he was a co-founder in 1992 . Later , he accepted a position as adjunct professor in the Laboratory for Structural Biology at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and participated in research activities there involving new microbes he returned from extreme environments such as very alkaline lakes and deep sea hydrothermal vents . Hyperthermophiles were returned from several dives in Russian MIR submersibles to the Rainbow Vent Field at a depth of 2,300 meters near the Azores in the central Atlantic Ocean . Other research activities included three trips to Antarctica from which 20 meteorites were returned for laboratory study . Garriott formed a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) public philanthropic Garriott Family Foundation to finance the aforementioned adventure travel for himself , his wife and other members of his family . Personal life and death . Garriott married Helen Mary Walker , his high school sweetheart , in 1952 . They had four children : Randall O . ( born 1955 ) , Robert K . ( born 1956 ) , Richard A . ( born 1961 , a computer programmer and the creator of the Ultima computer game series ) , and Linda S . ( born 1966 ) . After he divorced his first wife , Garriott married Evelyn L . Garriott , who had three children from a previous relationship . His son Richard was launched as a space tourist on board Soyuz TMA-13 on October 12 , 2008 , the first American and the second person worldwide to follow a parent into space . Owen Garriott was in mission control at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the launch and was in attendance when his son returned 12 days later . Garriott died on April 15 , 2019 , at his home in Huntsville , Alabama . Organizations . Garriott was a member of the following organizations : American Astronautical Society ( fellow ) , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ( associate fellow ) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , American Geophysical Union , American Association for the Advancement of Science , Association of Space Explorers ( Board of Directors ) , Astronaut Scholarship Foundation ( vice president and vice chairman ) . Awards and honors . Garriott received the following honors : National Science Foundation Fellowship , 1960–1961 ; Honorary Doctorate of Science , Phillips University ( Enid , Okla. ) , 1973 ; NASA Distinguished Service Medal , 1973 ; Fédération Aéronautique Internationale V . M . Komarov Diploma for 1973 ; the Octave Chanute Award for 1975 ; and the NASA Space Flight Medal , 1983 . The three Skylab astronaut crews were awarded the 1973 Collier Trophy For proving beyond question the value of man in future explorations of space and the production of data of benefit to all the people on Earth . Gerald Carr accepted the 1975 Dr . Robert H . Goddard Memorial Trophy from President Ford , awarded to the Skylab astronauts . He was one of five Oklahoman astronauts inducted into the Oklahoma Aviation and Space Hall of Fame in 1980 , the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997 , the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame in 2000 , and the Enid Public Schools Hall of Fame in 2001 . Garriott was presented an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Phillips University in 1973 . A street named after him in Enid , Oklahoma , serves as one of the citys main thoroughfares . It is part of U.S . Route 412 . Books . Garriott was co-author , with fellow astronaut Joseph Kerwin and writer David Hitt , of Homesteading Space , a history of the Skylab program , published in 2008 . He was co-author of Introduction to Ionospheric Physics with Henry Rishbeth . Garriott was also a contributor to the book NASAs Scientist-Astronauts by David Shayler and Colin Burgess . Garriott wrote the foreword to the book .
|
[
"University of Oklahoma"
] |
[
{
"text": " Owen Kay Garriott ( November 22 , 1930 – April 15 , 2019 ) was an American electrical engineer and NASA astronaut , who spent 60 days aboard the Skylab space station in 1973 during the Skylab 3 mission , and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 on a Space Shuttle mission in 1983 .",
"title": "Owen Garriott"
},
{
"text": "After serving in the United States Navy , Garriott was an engineering professor at Stanford University before attending the United States Air Force Pilot Training Program and later joining NASA . After his NASA career , he worked for various aerospace companies , consulted on NASA-related committees , taught as an adjunct professor , and conducted research on microbes found in extreme environments .",
"title": "Owen Garriott"
},
{
"text": "Owen Kay Garriott was born in Enid , Oklahoma , on November 22 , 1930 , to Owen and Mary Catherine Garriott ( ) . Owens middle name was based on his mothers middle name . He was a Boy Scout ( earning the rank of Star Scout ) , and graduated from Enid High School in 1948 , where he served as senior class president and was voted Most Likely To Succeed . He received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1953 , where he was a member of Phi Kappa",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Psi fraternity . He was also the elected president of the senior class . He later earned Master of Science and Ph.D . degrees from Stanford University in electrical engineering in 1957 and 1960 , respectively .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Garriott served as electronics officer in the United States Navy from 1953 to 1956 . From 1961 through 1965 , he was an assistant professor and associate professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University . He performed research and led graduate studies in ionospheric physics after obtaining his doctorate , and authored or co-authored more than 45 scientific papers , chapters and one book , principally in areas of the physical sciences .",
"title": "U.S . military"
},
{
"text": "As a prerequisite of the eras scientist-astronaut training , he completed a one-year United States Air Force pilot training program in 1966 , receiving qualification as pilot in jet aircraft .",
"title": "U.S . military"
},
{
"text": " In 1965 , Garriott was one of the six scientist-astronauts selected by NASA . His first spaceflight , the Skylab 3 mission in 1973 , set a world record for duration of approximately 60 days , more than double the previous record . Extensive experiments were conducted of the Sun , of Earth resources and in various life sciences relating to human adaptation to weightlessness .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "His second space flight was aboard STS-9 ( Spacelab-1 ) in 1983 , a multidisciplinary and international mission of 10 days aboard Space Shuttle Columbia . Over 70 separate experiments in six different disciplines were conducted , primarily to demonstrate the suitability of Spacelab for research in all these areas . He operated the worlds first amateur radio station from space , W5LFL , which expanded into an important activity on dozens of shuttle flights , Space Station Mir and the International Space Station , with scores of astronauts and cosmonauts participating .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": " Between these missions , Garriott received a NASA fellowship in the Space Station Project Office . In this position , he worked closely with the external scientific communities and advised the project manager concerning the scientific suitability of the space station design . Garriott held the distinction of being the NASA astronaut with the earliest-obtained PhD degree , having earned his PhD from Stanford University in 1960 , two years before Robert A . Parker who obtained his PhD from Caltech in 1962 .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "Garriott was an Extra Class amateur radio operator holding call sign W5LFL . On December 1 , 1983 , he made the first amateur radio contact from space using a Motorola handheld 2-meter radio while onboard the STS-9 Space Shuttle Columbia mission .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "On September 10 , 1973 , controllers in Houston were startled to hear a womans voice beaming down from Skylab . The voice startled capsule communicator ( CAPCOM ) Bob Crippen by calling him by name , and then the woman explained : The boys havent had a home-cooked meal in so long I thought Id bring one up . After several minutes in which she described forest fires seen from space and the beautiful sunrise , the woman said : Oh oh . I have to cut off now . I think the boys are floating up here toward",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "the command module and Im not supposed to be talking to you . As the Skylab astronauts later revealed , Garriott had recorded his wife , Helen , during a private radio transmission the night before .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": " After leaving NASA in June 1986 , Garriott consulted for various aerospace companies and served as a member of several NASA and National Research Council Committees . From January 1988 until May 1993 , he was vice president of space programs at Teledyne Brown Engineering . This division , which grew to over 1,000 people , provided payload integration for all Spacelab projects at the Marshall Space Flight Center and had a substantial role in the development of the U.S . laboratory for the International Space Station .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": "Garriott devoted time to several charitable activities in his hometown , including the Enid Arts and Sciences Foundation of which he was a co-founder in 1992 . Later , he accepted a position as adjunct professor in the Laboratory for Structural Biology at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and participated in research activities there involving new microbes he returned from extreme environments such as very alkaline lakes and deep sea hydrothermal vents . Hyperthermophiles were returned from several dives in Russian MIR submersibles to the Rainbow Vent Field at a depth of 2,300 meters near the Azores in the",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": "central Atlantic Ocean . Other research activities included three trips to Antarctica from which 20 meteorites were returned for laboratory study . Garriott formed a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) public philanthropic Garriott Family Foundation to finance the aforementioned adventure travel for himself , his wife and other members of his family .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": " Personal life and death . Garriott married Helen Mary Walker , his high school sweetheart , in 1952 . They had four children : Randall O . ( born 1955 ) , Robert K . ( born 1956 ) , Richard A . ( born 1961 , a computer programmer and the creator of the Ultima computer game series ) , and Linda S . ( born 1966 ) . After he divorced his first wife , Garriott married Evelyn L . Garriott , who had three children from a previous relationship .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": "His son Richard was launched as a space tourist on board Soyuz TMA-13 on October 12 , 2008 , the first American and the second person worldwide to follow a parent into space . Owen Garriott was in mission control at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the launch and was in attendance when his son returned 12 days later .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": " Garriott died on April 15 , 2019 , at his home in Huntsville , Alabama .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": " Garriott was a member of the following organizations : American Astronautical Society ( fellow ) , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ( associate fellow ) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , American Geophysical Union , American Association for the Advancement of Science , Association of Space Explorers ( Board of Directors ) , Astronaut Scholarship Foundation ( vice president and vice chairman ) .",
"title": "Organizations"
},
{
"text": " Garriott received the following honors : National Science Foundation Fellowship , 1960–1961 ; Honorary Doctorate of Science , Phillips University ( Enid , Okla. ) , 1973 ; NASA Distinguished Service Medal , 1973 ; Fédération Aéronautique Internationale V . M . Komarov Diploma for 1973 ; the Octave Chanute Award for 1975 ; and the NASA Space Flight Medal , 1983 .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "The three Skylab astronaut crews were awarded the 1973 Collier Trophy For proving beyond question the value of man in future explorations of space and the production of data of benefit to all the people on Earth . Gerald Carr accepted the 1975 Dr . Robert H . Goddard Memorial Trophy from President Ford , awarded to the Skylab astronauts .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " He was one of five Oklahoman astronauts inducted into the Oklahoma Aviation and Space Hall of Fame in 1980 , the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997 , the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame in 2000 , and the Enid Public Schools Hall of Fame in 2001 . Garriott was presented an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Phillips University in 1973 . A street named after him in Enid , Oklahoma , serves as one of the citys main thoroughfares . It is part of U.S . Route 412 .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " Garriott was co-author , with fellow astronaut Joseph Kerwin and writer David Hitt , of Homesteading Space , a history of the Skylab program , published in 2008 . He was co-author of Introduction to Ionospheric Physics with Henry Rishbeth . Garriott was also a contributor to the book NASAs Scientist-Astronauts by David Shayler and Colin Burgess . Garriott wrote the foreword to the book .",
"title": "Books"
}
] |
/wiki/Owen_Garriott#P69#1
|
Owen Garriott went to which school in late 1950s?
|
Owen Garriott Owen Kay Garriott ( November 22 , 1930 – April 15 , 2019 ) was an American electrical engineer and NASA astronaut , who spent 60 days aboard the Skylab space station in 1973 during the Skylab 3 mission , and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 on a Space Shuttle mission in 1983 . After serving in the United States Navy , Garriott was an engineering professor at Stanford University before attending the United States Air Force Pilot Training Program and later joining NASA . After his NASA career , he worked for various aerospace companies , consulted on NASA-related committees , taught as an adjunct professor , and conducted research on microbes found in extreme environments . Early life . Owen Kay Garriott was born in Enid , Oklahoma , on November 22 , 1930 , to Owen and Mary Catherine Garriott ( ) . Owens middle name was based on his mothers middle name . He was a Boy Scout ( earning the rank of Star Scout ) , and graduated from Enid High School in 1948 , where he served as senior class president and was voted Most Likely To Succeed . He received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1953 , where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity . He was also the elected president of the senior class . He later earned Master of Science and Ph.D . degrees from Stanford University in electrical engineering in 1957 and 1960 , respectively . Career . U.S . military . Garriott served as electronics officer in the United States Navy from 1953 to 1956 . From 1961 through 1965 , he was an assistant professor and associate professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University . He performed research and led graduate studies in ionospheric physics after obtaining his doctorate , and authored or co-authored more than 45 scientific papers , chapters and one book , principally in areas of the physical sciences . As a prerequisite of the eras scientist-astronaut training , he completed a one-year United States Air Force pilot training program in 1966 , receiving qualification as pilot in jet aircraft . NASA . In 1965 , Garriott was one of the six scientist-astronauts selected by NASA . His first spaceflight , the Skylab 3 mission in 1973 , set a world record for duration of approximately 60 days , more than double the previous record . Extensive experiments were conducted of the Sun , of Earth resources and in various life sciences relating to human adaptation to weightlessness . His second space flight was aboard STS-9 ( Spacelab-1 ) in 1983 , a multidisciplinary and international mission of 10 days aboard Space Shuttle Columbia . Over 70 separate experiments in six different disciplines were conducted , primarily to demonstrate the suitability of Spacelab for research in all these areas . He operated the worlds first amateur radio station from space , W5LFL , which expanded into an important activity on dozens of shuttle flights , Space Station Mir and the International Space Station , with scores of astronauts and cosmonauts participating . Between these missions , Garriott received a NASA fellowship in the Space Station Project Office . In this position , he worked closely with the external scientific communities and advised the project manager concerning the scientific suitability of the space station design . Garriott held the distinction of being the NASA astronaut with the earliest-obtained PhD degree , having earned his PhD from Stanford University in 1960 , two years before Robert A . Parker who obtained his PhD from Caltech in 1962 . Garriott was an Extra Class amateur radio operator holding call sign W5LFL . On December 1 , 1983 , he made the first amateur radio contact from space using a Motorola handheld 2-meter radio while onboard the STS-9 Space Shuttle Columbia mission . The Skylab stowaway prank . On September 10 , 1973 , controllers in Houston were startled to hear a womans voice beaming down from Skylab . The voice startled capsule communicator ( CAPCOM ) Bob Crippen by calling him by name , and then the woman explained : The boys havent had a home-cooked meal in so long I thought Id bring one up . After several minutes in which she described forest fires seen from space and the beautiful sunrise , the woman said : Oh oh . I have to cut off now . I think the boys are floating up here toward the command module and Im not supposed to be talking to you . As the Skylab astronauts later revealed , Garriott had recorded his wife , Helen , during a private radio transmission the night before . Post-NASA career . After leaving NASA in June 1986 , Garriott consulted for various aerospace companies and served as a member of several NASA and National Research Council Committees . From January 1988 until May 1993 , he was vice president of space programs at Teledyne Brown Engineering . This division , which grew to over 1,000 people , provided payload integration for all Spacelab projects at the Marshall Space Flight Center and had a substantial role in the development of the U.S . laboratory for the International Space Station . Garriott devoted time to several charitable activities in his hometown , including the Enid Arts and Sciences Foundation of which he was a co-founder in 1992 . Later , he accepted a position as adjunct professor in the Laboratory for Structural Biology at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and participated in research activities there involving new microbes he returned from extreme environments such as very alkaline lakes and deep sea hydrothermal vents . Hyperthermophiles were returned from several dives in Russian MIR submersibles to the Rainbow Vent Field at a depth of 2,300 meters near the Azores in the central Atlantic Ocean . Other research activities included three trips to Antarctica from which 20 meteorites were returned for laboratory study . Garriott formed a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) public philanthropic Garriott Family Foundation to finance the aforementioned adventure travel for himself , his wife and other members of his family . Personal life and death . Garriott married Helen Mary Walker , his high school sweetheart , in 1952 . They had four children : Randall O . ( born 1955 ) , Robert K . ( born 1956 ) , Richard A . ( born 1961 , a computer programmer and the creator of the Ultima computer game series ) , and Linda S . ( born 1966 ) . After he divorced his first wife , Garriott married Evelyn L . Garriott , who had three children from a previous relationship . His son Richard was launched as a space tourist on board Soyuz TMA-13 on October 12 , 2008 , the first American and the second person worldwide to follow a parent into space . Owen Garriott was in mission control at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the launch and was in attendance when his son returned 12 days later . Garriott died on April 15 , 2019 , at his home in Huntsville , Alabama . Organizations . Garriott was a member of the following organizations : American Astronautical Society ( fellow ) , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ( associate fellow ) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , American Geophysical Union , American Association for the Advancement of Science , Association of Space Explorers ( Board of Directors ) , Astronaut Scholarship Foundation ( vice president and vice chairman ) . Awards and honors . Garriott received the following honors : National Science Foundation Fellowship , 1960–1961 ; Honorary Doctorate of Science , Phillips University ( Enid , Okla. ) , 1973 ; NASA Distinguished Service Medal , 1973 ; Fédération Aéronautique Internationale V . M . Komarov Diploma for 1973 ; the Octave Chanute Award for 1975 ; and the NASA Space Flight Medal , 1983 . The three Skylab astronaut crews were awarded the 1973 Collier Trophy For proving beyond question the value of man in future explorations of space and the production of data of benefit to all the people on Earth . Gerald Carr accepted the 1975 Dr . Robert H . Goddard Memorial Trophy from President Ford , awarded to the Skylab astronauts . He was one of five Oklahoman astronauts inducted into the Oklahoma Aviation and Space Hall of Fame in 1980 , the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997 , the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame in 2000 , and the Enid Public Schools Hall of Fame in 2001 . Garriott was presented an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Phillips University in 1973 . A street named after him in Enid , Oklahoma , serves as one of the citys main thoroughfares . It is part of U.S . Route 412 . Books . Garriott was co-author , with fellow astronaut Joseph Kerwin and writer David Hitt , of Homesteading Space , a history of the Skylab program , published in 2008 . He was co-author of Introduction to Ionospheric Physics with Henry Rishbeth . Garriott was also a contributor to the book NASAs Scientist-Astronauts by David Shayler and Colin Burgess . Garriott wrote the foreword to the book .
|
[
"Stanford University"
] |
[
{
"text": " Owen Kay Garriott ( November 22 , 1930 – April 15 , 2019 ) was an American electrical engineer and NASA astronaut , who spent 60 days aboard the Skylab space station in 1973 during the Skylab 3 mission , and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 on a Space Shuttle mission in 1983 .",
"title": "Owen Garriott"
},
{
"text": "After serving in the United States Navy , Garriott was an engineering professor at Stanford University before attending the United States Air Force Pilot Training Program and later joining NASA . After his NASA career , he worked for various aerospace companies , consulted on NASA-related committees , taught as an adjunct professor , and conducted research on microbes found in extreme environments .",
"title": "Owen Garriott"
},
{
"text": "Owen Kay Garriott was born in Enid , Oklahoma , on November 22 , 1930 , to Owen and Mary Catherine Garriott ( ) . Owens middle name was based on his mothers middle name . He was a Boy Scout ( earning the rank of Star Scout ) , and graduated from Enid High School in 1948 , where he served as senior class president and was voted Most Likely To Succeed . He received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1953 , where he was a member of Phi Kappa",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Psi fraternity . He was also the elected president of the senior class . He later earned Master of Science and Ph.D . degrees from Stanford University in electrical engineering in 1957 and 1960 , respectively .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Garriott served as electronics officer in the United States Navy from 1953 to 1956 . From 1961 through 1965 , he was an assistant professor and associate professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University . He performed research and led graduate studies in ionospheric physics after obtaining his doctorate , and authored or co-authored more than 45 scientific papers , chapters and one book , principally in areas of the physical sciences .",
"title": "U.S . military"
},
{
"text": "As a prerequisite of the eras scientist-astronaut training , he completed a one-year United States Air Force pilot training program in 1966 , receiving qualification as pilot in jet aircraft .",
"title": "U.S . military"
},
{
"text": " In 1965 , Garriott was one of the six scientist-astronauts selected by NASA . His first spaceflight , the Skylab 3 mission in 1973 , set a world record for duration of approximately 60 days , more than double the previous record . Extensive experiments were conducted of the Sun , of Earth resources and in various life sciences relating to human adaptation to weightlessness .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "His second space flight was aboard STS-9 ( Spacelab-1 ) in 1983 , a multidisciplinary and international mission of 10 days aboard Space Shuttle Columbia . Over 70 separate experiments in six different disciplines were conducted , primarily to demonstrate the suitability of Spacelab for research in all these areas . He operated the worlds first amateur radio station from space , W5LFL , which expanded into an important activity on dozens of shuttle flights , Space Station Mir and the International Space Station , with scores of astronauts and cosmonauts participating .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": " Between these missions , Garriott received a NASA fellowship in the Space Station Project Office . In this position , he worked closely with the external scientific communities and advised the project manager concerning the scientific suitability of the space station design . Garriott held the distinction of being the NASA astronaut with the earliest-obtained PhD degree , having earned his PhD from Stanford University in 1960 , two years before Robert A . Parker who obtained his PhD from Caltech in 1962 .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "Garriott was an Extra Class amateur radio operator holding call sign W5LFL . On December 1 , 1983 , he made the first amateur radio contact from space using a Motorola handheld 2-meter radio while onboard the STS-9 Space Shuttle Columbia mission .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "On September 10 , 1973 , controllers in Houston were startled to hear a womans voice beaming down from Skylab . The voice startled capsule communicator ( CAPCOM ) Bob Crippen by calling him by name , and then the woman explained : The boys havent had a home-cooked meal in so long I thought Id bring one up . After several minutes in which she described forest fires seen from space and the beautiful sunrise , the woman said : Oh oh . I have to cut off now . I think the boys are floating up here toward",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "the command module and Im not supposed to be talking to you . As the Skylab astronauts later revealed , Garriott had recorded his wife , Helen , during a private radio transmission the night before .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": " After leaving NASA in June 1986 , Garriott consulted for various aerospace companies and served as a member of several NASA and National Research Council Committees . From January 1988 until May 1993 , he was vice president of space programs at Teledyne Brown Engineering . This division , which grew to over 1,000 people , provided payload integration for all Spacelab projects at the Marshall Space Flight Center and had a substantial role in the development of the U.S . laboratory for the International Space Station .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": "Garriott devoted time to several charitable activities in his hometown , including the Enid Arts and Sciences Foundation of which he was a co-founder in 1992 . Later , he accepted a position as adjunct professor in the Laboratory for Structural Biology at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and participated in research activities there involving new microbes he returned from extreme environments such as very alkaline lakes and deep sea hydrothermal vents . Hyperthermophiles were returned from several dives in Russian MIR submersibles to the Rainbow Vent Field at a depth of 2,300 meters near the Azores in the",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": "central Atlantic Ocean . Other research activities included three trips to Antarctica from which 20 meteorites were returned for laboratory study . Garriott formed a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) public philanthropic Garriott Family Foundation to finance the aforementioned adventure travel for himself , his wife and other members of his family .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": " Personal life and death . Garriott married Helen Mary Walker , his high school sweetheart , in 1952 . They had four children : Randall O . ( born 1955 ) , Robert K . ( born 1956 ) , Richard A . ( born 1961 , a computer programmer and the creator of the Ultima computer game series ) , and Linda S . ( born 1966 ) . After he divorced his first wife , Garriott married Evelyn L . Garriott , who had three children from a previous relationship .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": "His son Richard was launched as a space tourist on board Soyuz TMA-13 on October 12 , 2008 , the first American and the second person worldwide to follow a parent into space . Owen Garriott was in mission control at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the launch and was in attendance when his son returned 12 days later .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": " Garriott died on April 15 , 2019 , at his home in Huntsville , Alabama .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": " Garriott was a member of the following organizations : American Astronautical Society ( fellow ) , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ( associate fellow ) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , American Geophysical Union , American Association for the Advancement of Science , Association of Space Explorers ( Board of Directors ) , Astronaut Scholarship Foundation ( vice president and vice chairman ) .",
"title": "Organizations"
},
{
"text": " Garriott received the following honors : National Science Foundation Fellowship , 1960–1961 ; Honorary Doctorate of Science , Phillips University ( Enid , Okla. ) , 1973 ; NASA Distinguished Service Medal , 1973 ; Fédération Aéronautique Internationale V . M . Komarov Diploma for 1973 ; the Octave Chanute Award for 1975 ; and the NASA Space Flight Medal , 1983 .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "The three Skylab astronaut crews were awarded the 1973 Collier Trophy For proving beyond question the value of man in future explorations of space and the production of data of benefit to all the people on Earth . Gerald Carr accepted the 1975 Dr . Robert H . Goddard Memorial Trophy from President Ford , awarded to the Skylab astronauts .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " He was one of five Oklahoman astronauts inducted into the Oklahoma Aviation and Space Hall of Fame in 1980 , the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997 , the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame in 2000 , and the Enid Public Schools Hall of Fame in 2001 . Garriott was presented an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Phillips University in 1973 . A street named after him in Enid , Oklahoma , serves as one of the citys main thoroughfares . It is part of U.S . Route 412 .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " Garriott was co-author , with fellow astronaut Joseph Kerwin and writer David Hitt , of Homesteading Space , a history of the Skylab program , published in 2008 . He was co-author of Introduction to Ionospheric Physics with Henry Rishbeth . Garriott was also a contributor to the book NASAs Scientist-Astronauts by David Shayler and Colin Burgess . Garriott wrote the foreword to the book .",
"title": "Books"
}
] |
/wiki/Owen_Garriott#P69#2
|
Owen Garriott went to which school between Jun 1961 and Sep 1967?
|
Owen Garriott Owen Kay Garriott ( November 22 , 1930 – April 15 , 2019 ) was an American electrical engineer and NASA astronaut , who spent 60 days aboard the Skylab space station in 1973 during the Skylab 3 mission , and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 on a Space Shuttle mission in 1983 . After serving in the United States Navy , Garriott was an engineering professor at Stanford University before attending the United States Air Force Pilot Training Program and later joining NASA . After his NASA career , he worked for various aerospace companies , consulted on NASA-related committees , taught as an adjunct professor , and conducted research on microbes found in extreme environments . Early life . Owen Kay Garriott was born in Enid , Oklahoma , on November 22 , 1930 , to Owen and Mary Catherine Garriott ( ) . Owens middle name was based on his mothers middle name . He was a Boy Scout ( earning the rank of Star Scout ) , and graduated from Enid High School in 1948 , where he served as senior class president and was voted Most Likely To Succeed . He received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1953 , where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity . He was also the elected president of the senior class . He later earned Master of Science and Ph.D . degrees from Stanford University in electrical engineering in 1957 and 1960 , respectively . Career . U.S . military . Garriott served as electronics officer in the United States Navy from 1953 to 1956 . From 1961 through 1965 , he was an assistant professor and associate professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University . He performed research and led graduate studies in ionospheric physics after obtaining his doctorate , and authored or co-authored more than 45 scientific papers , chapters and one book , principally in areas of the physical sciences . As a prerequisite of the eras scientist-astronaut training , he completed a one-year United States Air Force pilot training program in 1966 , receiving qualification as pilot in jet aircraft . NASA . In 1965 , Garriott was one of the six scientist-astronauts selected by NASA . His first spaceflight , the Skylab 3 mission in 1973 , set a world record for duration of approximately 60 days , more than double the previous record . Extensive experiments were conducted of the Sun , of Earth resources and in various life sciences relating to human adaptation to weightlessness . His second space flight was aboard STS-9 ( Spacelab-1 ) in 1983 , a multidisciplinary and international mission of 10 days aboard Space Shuttle Columbia . Over 70 separate experiments in six different disciplines were conducted , primarily to demonstrate the suitability of Spacelab for research in all these areas . He operated the worlds first amateur radio station from space , W5LFL , which expanded into an important activity on dozens of shuttle flights , Space Station Mir and the International Space Station , with scores of astronauts and cosmonauts participating . Between these missions , Garriott received a NASA fellowship in the Space Station Project Office . In this position , he worked closely with the external scientific communities and advised the project manager concerning the scientific suitability of the space station design . Garriott held the distinction of being the NASA astronaut with the earliest-obtained PhD degree , having earned his PhD from Stanford University in 1960 , two years before Robert A . Parker who obtained his PhD from Caltech in 1962 . Garriott was an Extra Class amateur radio operator holding call sign W5LFL . On December 1 , 1983 , he made the first amateur radio contact from space using a Motorola handheld 2-meter radio while onboard the STS-9 Space Shuttle Columbia mission . The Skylab stowaway prank . On September 10 , 1973 , controllers in Houston were startled to hear a womans voice beaming down from Skylab . The voice startled capsule communicator ( CAPCOM ) Bob Crippen by calling him by name , and then the woman explained : The boys havent had a home-cooked meal in so long I thought Id bring one up . After several minutes in which she described forest fires seen from space and the beautiful sunrise , the woman said : Oh oh . I have to cut off now . I think the boys are floating up here toward the command module and Im not supposed to be talking to you . As the Skylab astronauts later revealed , Garriott had recorded his wife , Helen , during a private radio transmission the night before . Post-NASA career . After leaving NASA in June 1986 , Garriott consulted for various aerospace companies and served as a member of several NASA and National Research Council Committees . From January 1988 until May 1993 , he was vice president of space programs at Teledyne Brown Engineering . This division , which grew to over 1,000 people , provided payload integration for all Spacelab projects at the Marshall Space Flight Center and had a substantial role in the development of the U.S . laboratory for the International Space Station . Garriott devoted time to several charitable activities in his hometown , including the Enid Arts and Sciences Foundation of which he was a co-founder in 1992 . Later , he accepted a position as adjunct professor in the Laboratory for Structural Biology at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and participated in research activities there involving new microbes he returned from extreme environments such as very alkaline lakes and deep sea hydrothermal vents . Hyperthermophiles were returned from several dives in Russian MIR submersibles to the Rainbow Vent Field at a depth of 2,300 meters near the Azores in the central Atlantic Ocean . Other research activities included three trips to Antarctica from which 20 meteorites were returned for laboratory study . Garriott formed a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) public philanthropic Garriott Family Foundation to finance the aforementioned adventure travel for himself , his wife and other members of his family . Personal life and death . Garriott married Helen Mary Walker , his high school sweetheart , in 1952 . They had four children : Randall O . ( born 1955 ) , Robert K . ( born 1956 ) , Richard A . ( born 1961 , a computer programmer and the creator of the Ultima computer game series ) , and Linda S . ( born 1966 ) . After he divorced his first wife , Garriott married Evelyn L . Garriott , who had three children from a previous relationship . His son Richard was launched as a space tourist on board Soyuz TMA-13 on October 12 , 2008 , the first American and the second person worldwide to follow a parent into space . Owen Garriott was in mission control at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the launch and was in attendance when his son returned 12 days later . Garriott died on April 15 , 2019 , at his home in Huntsville , Alabama . Organizations . Garriott was a member of the following organizations : American Astronautical Society ( fellow ) , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ( associate fellow ) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , American Geophysical Union , American Association for the Advancement of Science , Association of Space Explorers ( Board of Directors ) , Astronaut Scholarship Foundation ( vice president and vice chairman ) . Awards and honors . Garriott received the following honors : National Science Foundation Fellowship , 1960–1961 ; Honorary Doctorate of Science , Phillips University ( Enid , Okla. ) , 1973 ; NASA Distinguished Service Medal , 1973 ; Fédération Aéronautique Internationale V . M . Komarov Diploma for 1973 ; the Octave Chanute Award for 1975 ; and the NASA Space Flight Medal , 1983 . The three Skylab astronaut crews were awarded the 1973 Collier Trophy For proving beyond question the value of man in future explorations of space and the production of data of benefit to all the people on Earth . Gerald Carr accepted the 1975 Dr . Robert H . Goddard Memorial Trophy from President Ford , awarded to the Skylab astronauts . He was one of five Oklahoman astronauts inducted into the Oklahoma Aviation and Space Hall of Fame in 1980 , the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997 , the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame in 2000 , and the Enid Public Schools Hall of Fame in 2001 . Garriott was presented an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Phillips University in 1973 . A street named after him in Enid , Oklahoma , serves as one of the citys main thoroughfares . It is part of U.S . Route 412 . Books . Garriott was co-author , with fellow astronaut Joseph Kerwin and writer David Hitt , of Homesteading Space , a history of the Skylab program , published in 2008 . He was co-author of Introduction to Ionospheric Physics with Henry Rishbeth . Garriott was also a contributor to the book NASAs Scientist-Astronauts by David Shayler and Colin Burgess . Garriott wrote the foreword to the book .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Owen Kay Garriott ( November 22 , 1930 – April 15 , 2019 ) was an American electrical engineer and NASA astronaut , who spent 60 days aboard the Skylab space station in 1973 during the Skylab 3 mission , and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 on a Space Shuttle mission in 1983 .",
"title": "Owen Garriott"
},
{
"text": "After serving in the United States Navy , Garriott was an engineering professor at Stanford University before attending the United States Air Force Pilot Training Program and later joining NASA . After his NASA career , he worked for various aerospace companies , consulted on NASA-related committees , taught as an adjunct professor , and conducted research on microbes found in extreme environments .",
"title": "Owen Garriott"
},
{
"text": "Owen Kay Garriott was born in Enid , Oklahoma , on November 22 , 1930 , to Owen and Mary Catherine Garriott ( ) . Owens middle name was based on his mothers middle name . He was a Boy Scout ( earning the rank of Star Scout ) , and graduated from Enid High School in 1948 , where he served as senior class president and was voted Most Likely To Succeed . He received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1953 , where he was a member of Phi Kappa",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Psi fraternity . He was also the elected president of the senior class . He later earned Master of Science and Ph.D . degrees from Stanford University in electrical engineering in 1957 and 1960 , respectively .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Garriott served as electronics officer in the United States Navy from 1953 to 1956 . From 1961 through 1965 , he was an assistant professor and associate professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University . He performed research and led graduate studies in ionospheric physics after obtaining his doctorate , and authored or co-authored more than 45 scientific papers , chapters and one book , principally in areas of the physical sciences .",
"title": "U.S . military"
},
{
"text": "As a prerequisite of the eras scientist-astronaut training , he completed a one-year United States Air Force pilot training program in 1966 , receiving qualification as pilot in jet aircraft .",
"title": "U.S . military"
},
{
"text": " In 1965 , Garriott was one of the six scientist-astronauts selected by NASA . His first spaceflight , the Skylab 3 mission in 1973 , set a world record for duration of approximately 60 days , more than double the previous record . Extensive experiments were conducted of the Sun , of Earth resources and in various life sciences relating to human adaptation to weightlessness .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "His second space flight was aboard STS-9 ( Spacelab-1 ) in 1983 , a multidisciplinary and international mission of 10 days aboard Space Shuttle Columbia . Over 70 separate experiments in six different disciplines were conducted , primarily to demonstrate the suitability of Spacelab for research in all these areas . He operated the worlds first amateur radio station from space , W5LFL , which expanded into an important activity on dozens of shuttle flights , Space Station Mir and the International Space Station , with scores of astronauts and cosmonauts participating .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": " Between these missions , Garriott received a NASA fellowship in the Space Station Project Office . In this position , he worked closely with the external scientific communities and advised the project manager concerning the scientific suitability of the space station design . Garriott held the distinction of being the NASA astronaut with the earliest-obtained PhD degree , having earned his PhD from Stanford University in 1960 , two years before Robert A . Parker who obtained his PhD from Caltech in 1962 .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "Garriott was an Extra Class amateur radio operator holding call sign W5LFL . On December 1 , 1983 , he made the first amateur radio contact from space using a Motorola handheld 2-meter radio while onboard the STS-9 Space Shuttle Columbia mission .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "On September 10 , 1973 , controllers in Houston were startled to hear a womans voice beaming down from Skylab . The voice startled capsule communicator ( CAPCOM ) Bob Crippen by calling him by name , and then the woman explained : The boys havent had a home-cooked meal in so long I thought Id bring one up . After several minutes in which she described forest fires seen from space and the beautiful sunrise , the woman said : Oh oh . I have to cut off now . I think the boys are floating up here toward",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": "the command module and Im not supposed to be talking to you . As the Skylab astronauts later revealed , Garriott had recorded his wife , Helen , during a private radio transmission the night before .",
"title": "NASA"
},
{
"text": " After leaving NASA in June 1986 , Garriott consulted for various aerospace companies and served as a member of several NASA and National Research Council Committees . From January 1988 until May 1993 , he was vice president of space programs at Teledyne Brown Engineering . This division , which grew to over 1,000 people , provided payload integration for all Spacelab projects at the Marshall Space Flight Center and had a substantial role in the development of the U.S . laboratory for the International Space Station .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": "Garriott devoted time to several charitable activities in his hometown , including the Enid Arts and Sciences Foundation of which he was a co-founder in 1992 . Later , he accepted a position as adjunct professor in the Laboratory for Structural Biology at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and participated in research activities there involving new microbes he returned from extreme environments such as very alkaline lakes and deep sea hydrothermal vents . Hyperthermophiles were returned from several dives in Russian MIR submersibles to the Rainbow Vent Field at a depth of 2,300 meters near the Azores in the",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": "central Atlantic Ocean . Other research activities included three trips to Antarctica from which 20 meteorites were returned for laboratory study . Garriott formed a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) public philanthropic Garriott Family Foundation to finance the aforementioned adventure travel for himself , his wife and other members of his family .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": " Personal life and death . Garriott married Helen Mary Walker , his high school sweetheart , in 1952 . They had four children : Randall O . ( born 1955 ) , Robert K . ( born 1956 ) , Richard A . ( born 1961 , a computer programmer and the creator of the Ultima computer game series ) , and Linda S . ( born 1966 ) . After he divorced his first wife , Garriott married Evelyn L . Garriott , who had three children from a previous relationship .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": "His son Richard was launched as a space tourist on board Soyuz TMA-13 on October 12 , 2008 , the first American and the second person worldwide to follow a parent into space . Owen Garriott was in mission control at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the launch and was in attendance when his son returned 12 days later .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": " Garriott died on April 15 , 2019 , at his home in Huntsville , Alabama .",
"title": "Post-NASA career"
},
{
"text": " Garriott was a member of the following organizations : American Astronautical Society ( fellow ) , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ( associate fellow ) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , American Geophysical Union , American Association for the Advancement of Science , Association of Space Explorers ( Board of Directors ) , Astronaut Scholarship Foundation ( vice president and vice chairman ) .",
"title": "Organizations"
},
{
"text": " Garriott received the following honors : National Science Foundation Fellowship , 1960–1961 ; Honorary Doctorate of Science , Phillips University ( Enid , Okla. ) , 1973 ; NASA Distinguished Service Medal , 1973 ; Fédération Aéronautique Internationale V . M . Komarov Diploma for 1973 ; the Octave Chanute Award for 1975 ; and the NASA Space Flight Medal , 1983 .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": "The three Skylab astronaut crews were awarded the 1973 Collier Trophy For proving beyond question the value of man in future explorations of space and the production of data of benefit to all the people on Earth . Gerald Carr accepted the 1975 Dr . Robert H . Goddard Memorial Trophy from President Ford , awarded to the Skylab astronauts .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " He was one of five Oklahoman astronauts inducted into the Oklahoma Aviation and Space Hall of Fame in 1980 , the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997 , the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame in 2000 , and the Enid Public Schools Hall of Fame in 2001 . Garriott was presented an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Phillips University in 1973 . A street named after him in Enid , Oklahoma , serves as one of the citys main thoroughfares . It is part of U.S . Route 412 .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " Garriott was co-author , with fellow astronaut Joseph Kerwin and writer David Hitt , of Homesteading Space , a history of the Skylab program , published in 2008 . He was co-author of Introduction to Ionospheric Physics with Henry Rishbeth . Garriott was also a contributor to the book NASAs Scientist-Astronauts by David Shayler and Colin Burgess . Garriott wrote the foreword to the book .",
"title": "Books"
}
] |
/wiki/Clodomiro_Almeyda#P39#0
|
What position did Clodomiro Almeyda take before Oct 1972?
|
Clodomiro Almeyda Clodomiro Almeyda Medina ( February 11 , 1923 – August 25 , 1997 ) was a Chilean politician . A leading member of the Socialist Party , served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile from 1970 to 1973 during the Presidency of Salvador Allende . Biography . He did his first studies at the German and Application High Schools of Santiago , and then studied at the Faculty of Law , University of Chile . He graduated in 1948 with a thesis entitled Towards a Marxist theory of the State . He later became a professor of political science in the domain of his studies , especially in the School of Sociology . He joined the Socialist Party of Chile in 1941 , participating in the Popular Socialist Party during the internal bankruptcy in the first part of the 1950s . During the second government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo he was head of the Ministries of Labor and Mining , standing out in his first ministry for being a promoter for the Single Central of Workers ( CUT ) . With the reunification of the party in 1957 , he rejoined the organization and was elected for Chamber of deputies for the period of 1961–1965 . With the victory of Salvador Allende in the 1970 Chilean presidential elections , Almeyda was appointed to the post of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . During the Popular Unity government , he remained in office , except for a brief period in which he served as Minister of National Defense . This was when he made a castling with Orlando Letelier ( then Minister of the Interior ) , in order to avoid being the object of censorship by National Congress by means of a motion of no confidence . After the coup détat of September 11 , 1973 , which overthrew the constitutional government , he was arrested and transferred along with 99 other leaders and leaders of the Popular Unity to the Dawson Island Concentration Camp,where he was tortured and he remained under arrest for a long time . He was eventually exiled , living in the German Democratic Republic and Mexico . where he worked as a university teacher and leader of the political opposition in exile . In a daring maneuver , he clandestinely returned to Chile in March 1987 , crossing the Andes on the back of a mule . He later appeared publicly to the surprise of the authorities of the Pinochet government . This led to him being imprisoned and being the only person declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Chile , in use of the missing article 8 of the Constitution of Chile . This article outlawed political parties and individuals that propagated doctrines of the left ( that is , those that promoted a doctrine founded on the class struggle ) . Such conviction mainly meant the loss of the exercise of their citizenship rights and he could only be rehabilitated as a citizen once the country had returned to democratic normality , by the same court that sentenced it . During the aftermath of the Pinochet dictatorship and during the first years of the so-called Chilean transition to democracy Almeyda led the leftist faction of Chilean socialism , with the renewed wing led by the leader Ricardo Núñez . In this role , Don Cloro ( as he was popularly known ) , tried to establish contacts with the communists or even further to the left , through formations such as Izquierda Unida or the short-lived Broad Party of Socialist Left . During the government of Patricio Aylwin he was in charge of reopening the Chilean embassy in the Soviet Union during the last months of the Eastern Bloc . During his stay in Moscow in 1991 , he accepted as guest former East German President Erich Honecker , who was wanted by the German authorities to be tried for crimes during the socialist regime . Despite Chiles objections , President of Russia Boris Yeltsin ordered his deportation to Berlin , in what turned into a serious diplomatic incident . Back in Chile he devoted himself to private life , writing his memories and working as an academic at the University of Chile , School of Sociology until his death on August 25 , 1997 . Tributes . In homage to Almeyda , the Extraordinary Congress of the Socialist Party of Chile in May 1998 as well as its library was named after him .
|
[
"Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile"
] |
[
{
"text": " Clodomiro Almeyda Medina ( February 11 , 1923 – August 25 , 1997 ) was a Chilean politician . A leading member of the Socialist Party , served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile from 1970 to 1973 during the Presidency of Salvador Allende .",
"title": "Clodomiro Almeyda"
},
{
"text": " He did his first studies at the German and Application High Schools of Santiago , and then studied at the Faculty of Law , University of Chile . He graduated in 1948 with a thesis entitled Towards a Marxist theory of the State . He later became a professor of political science in the domain of his studies , especially in the School of Sociology .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "He joined the Socialist Party of Chile in 1941 , participating in the Popular Socialist Party during the internal bankruptcy in the first part of the 1950s . During the second government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo he was head of the Ministries of Labor and Mining , standing out in his first ministry for being a promoter for the Single Central of Workers ( CUT ) . With the reunification of the party in 1957 , he rejoined the organization and was elected for Chamber of deputies for the period of 1961–1965 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " With the victory of Salvador Allende in the 1970 Chilean presidential elections , Almeyda was appointed to the post of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . During the Popular Unity government , he remained in office , except for a brief period in which he served as Minister of National Defense . This was when he made a castling with Orlando Letelier ( then Minister of the Interior ) , in order to avoid being the object of censorship by National Congress by means of a motion of no confidence .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "After the coup détat of September 11 , 1973 , which overthrew the constitutional government , he was arrested and transferred along with 99 other leaders and leaders of the Popular Unity to the Dawson Island Concentration Camp,where he was tortured and he remained under arrest for a long time . He was eventually exiled , living in the German Democratic Republic and Mexico . where he worked as a university teacher and leader of the political opposition in exile .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In a daring maneuver , he clandestinely returned to Chile in March 1987 , crossing the Andes on the back of a mule . He later appeared publicly to the surprise of the authorities of the Pinochet government . This led to him being imprisoned and being the only person declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Chile , in use of the missing article 8 of the Constitution of Chile .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "This article outlawed political parties and individuals that propagated doctrines of the left ( that is , those that promoted a doctrine founded on the class struggle ) . Such conviction mainly meant the loss of the exercise of their citizenship rights and he could only be rehabilitated as a citizen once the country had returned to democratic normality , by the same court that sentenced it .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "During the aftermath of the Pinochet dictatorship and during the first years of the so-called Chilean transition to democracy Almeyda led the leftist faction of Chilean socialism , with the renewed wing led by the leader Ricardo Núñez . In this role , Don Cloro ( as he was popularly known ) , tried to establish contacts with the communists or even further to the left , through formations such as Izquierda Unida or the short-lived Broad Party of Socialist Left . During the government of Patricio Aylwin he was in charge of reopening the Chilean embassy in the Soviet",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Union during the last months of the Eastern Bloc . During his stay in Moscow in 1991 , he accepted as guest former East German President Erich Honecker , who was wanted by the German authorities to be tried for crimes during the socialist regime . Despite Chiles objections , President of Russia Boris Yeltsin ordered his deportation to Berlin , in what turned into a serious diplomatic incident .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Back in Chile he devoted himself to private life , writing his memories and working as an academic at the University of Chile , School of Sociology until his death on August 25 , 1997 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In homage to Almeyda , the Extraordinary Congress of the Socialist Party of Chile in May 1998 as well as its library was named after him .",
"title": "Tributes"
}
] |
/wiki/Clodomiro_Almeyda#P39#1
|
What position did Clodomiro Almeyda take in Jul 1973?
|
Clodomiro Almeyda Clodomiro Almeyda Medina ( February 11 , 1923 – August 25 , 1997 ) was a Chilean politician . A leading member of the Socialist Party , served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile from 1970 to 1973 during the Presidency of Salvador Allende . Biography . He did his first studies at the German and Application High Schools of Santiago , and then studied at the Faculty of Law , University of Chile . He graduated in 1948 with a thesis entitled Towards a Marxist theory of the State . He later became a professor of political science in the domain of his studies , especially in the School of Sociology . He joined the Socialist Party of Chile in 1941 , participating in the Popular Socialist Party during the internal bankruptcy in the first part of the 1950s . During the second government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo he was head of the Ministries of Labor and Mining , standing out in his first ministry for being a promoter for the Single Central of Workers ( CUT ) . With the reunification of the party in 1957 , he rejoined the organization and was elected for Chamber of deputies for the period of 1961–1965 . With the victory of Salvador Allende in the 1970 Chilean presidential elections , Almeyda was appointed to the post of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . During the Popular Unity government , he remained in office , except for a brief period in which he served as Minister of National Defense . This was when he made a castling with Orlando Letelier ( then Minister of the Interior ) , in order to avoid being the object of censorship by National Congress by means of a motion of no confidence . After the coup détat of September 11 , 1973 , which overthrew the constitutional government , he was arrested and transferred along with 99 other leaders and leaders of the Popular Unity to the Dawson Island Concentration Camp,where he was tortured and he remained under arrest for a long time . He was eventually exiled , living in the German Democratic Republic and Mexico . where he worked as a university teacher and leader of the political opposition in exile . In a daring maneuver , he clandestinely returned to Chile in March 1987 , crossing the Andes on the back of a mule . He later appeared publicly to the surprise of the authorities of the Pinochet government . This led to him being imprisoned and being the only person declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Chile , in use of the missing article 8 of the Constitution of Chile . This article outlawed political parties and individuals that propagated doctrines of the left ( that is , those that promoted a doctrine founded on the class struggle ) . Such conviction mainly meant the loss of the exercise of their citizenship rights and he could only be rehabilitated as a citizen once the country had returned to democratic normality , by the same court that sentenced it . During the aftermath of the Pinochet dictatorship and during the first years of the so-called Chilean transition to democracy Almeyda led the leftist faction of Chilean socialism , with the renewed wing led by the leader Ricardo Núñez . In this role , Don Cloro ( as he was popularly known ) , tried to establish contacts with the communists or even further to the left , through formations such as Izquierda Unida or the short-lived Broad Party of Socialist Left . During the government of Patricio Aylwin he was in charge of reopening the Chilean embassy in the Soviet Union during the last months of the Eastern Bloc . During his stay in Moscow in 1991 , he accepted as guest former East German President Erich Honecker , who was wanted by the German authorities to be tried for crimes during the socialist regime . Despite Chiles objections , President of Russia Boris Yeltsin ordered his deportation to Berlin , in what turned into a serious diplomatic incident . Back in Chile he devoted himself to private life , writing his memories and working as an academic at the University of Chile , School of Sociology until his death on August 25 , 1997 . Tributes . In homage to Almeyda , the Extraordinary Congress of the Socialist Party of Chile in May 1998 as well as its library was named after him .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Clodomiro Almeyda Medina ( February 11 , 1923 – August 25 , 1997 ) was a Chilean politician . A leading member of the Socialist Party , served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile from 1970 to 1973 during the Presidency of Salvador Allende .",
"title": "Clodomiro Almeyda"
},
{
"text": " He did his first studies at the German and Application High Schools of Santiago , and then studied at the Faculty of Law , University of Chile . He graduated in 1948 with a thesis entitled Towards a Marxist theory of the State . He later became a professor of political science in the domain of his studies , especially in the School of Sociology .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "He joined the Socialist Party of Chile in 1941 , participating in the Popular Socialist Party during the internal bankruptcy in the first part of the 1950s . During the second government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo he was head of the Ministries of Labor and Mining , standing out in his first ministry for being a promoter for the Single Central of Workers ( CUT ) . With the reunification of the party in 1957 , he rejoined the organization and was elected for Chamber of deputies for the period of 1961–1965 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " With the victory of Salvador Allende in the 1970 Chilean presidential elections , Almeyda was appointed to the post of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . During the Popular Unity government , he remained in office , except for a brief period in which he served as Minister of National Defense . This was when he made a castling with Orlando Letelier ( then Minister of the Interior ) , in order to avoid being the object of censorship by National Congress by means of a motion of no confidence .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "After the coup détat of September 11 , 1973 , which overthrew the constitutional government , he was arrested and transferred along with 99 other leaders and leaders of the Popular Unity to the Dawson Island Concentration Camp,where he was tortured and he remained under arrest for a long time . He was eventually exiled , living in the German Democratic Republic and Mexico . where he worked as a university teacher and leader of the political opposition in exile .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In a daring maneuver , he clandestinely returned to Chile in March 1987 , crossing the Andes on the back of a mule . He later appeared publicly to the surprise of the authorities of the Pinochet government . This led to him being imprisoned and being the only person declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Chile , in use of the missing article 8 of the Constitution of Chile .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "This article outlawed political parties and individuals that propagated doctrines of the left ( that is , those that promoted a doctrine founded on the class struggle ) . Such conviction mainly meant the loss of the exercise of their citizenship rights and he could only be rehabilitated as a citizen once the country had returned to democratic normality , by the same court that sentenced it .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "During the aftermath of the Pinochet dictatorship and during the first years of the so-called Chilean transition to democracy Almeyda led the leftist faction of Chilean socialism , with the renewed wing led by the leader Ricardo Núñez . In this role , Don Cloro ( as he was popularly known ) , tried to establish contacts with the communists or even further to the left , through formations such as Izquierda Unida or the short-lived Broad Party of Socialist Left . During the government of Patricio Aylwin he was in charge of reopening the Chilean embassy in the Soviet",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Union during the last months of the Eastern Bloc . During his stay in Moscow in 1991 , he accepted as guest former East German President Erich Honecker , who was wanted by the German authorities to be tried for crimes during the socialist regime . Despite Chiles objections , President of Russia Boris Yeltsin ordered his deportation to Berlin , in what turned into a serious diplomatic incident .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Back in Chile he devoted himself to private life , writing his memories and working as an academic at the University of Chile , School of Sociology until his death on August 25 , 1997 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In homage to Almeyda , the Extraordinary Congress of the Socialist Party of Chile in May 1998 as well as its library was named after him .",
"title": "Tributes"
}
] |
/wiki/Clodomiro_Almeyda#P39#2
|
What position did Clodomiro Almeyda take in Sep 1973?
|
Clodomiro Almeyda Clodomiro Almeyda Medina ( February 11 , 1923 – August 25 , 1997 ) was a Chilean politician . A leading member of the Socialist Party , served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile from 1970 to 1973 during the Presidency of Salvador Allende . Biography . He did his first studies at the German and Application High Schools of Santiago , and then studied at the Faculty of Law , University of Chile . He graduated in 1948 with a thesis entitled Towards a Marxist theory of the State . He later became a professor of political science in the domain of his studies , especially in the School of Sociology . He joined the Socialist Party of Chile in 1941 , participating in the Popular Socialist Party during the internal bankruptcy in the first part of the 1950s . During the second government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo he was head of the Ministries of Labor and Mining , standing out in his first ministry for being a promoter for the Single Central of Workers ( CUT ) . With the reunification of the party in 1957 , he rejoined the organization and was elected for Chamber of deputies for the period of 1961–1965 . With the victory of Salvador Allende in the 1970 Chilean presidential elections , Almeyda was appointed to the post of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . During the Popular Unity government , he remained in office , except for a brief period in which he served as Minister of National Defense . This was when he made a castling with Orlando Letelier ( then Minister of the Interior ) , in order to avoid being the object of censorship by National Congress by means of a motion of no confidence . After the coup détat of September 11 , 1973 , which overthrew the constitutional government , he was arrested and transferred along with 99 other leaders and leaders of the Popular Unity to the Dawson Island Concentration Camp,where he was tortured and he remained under arrest for a long time . He was eventually exiled , living in the German Democratic Republic and Mexico . where he worked as a university teacher and leader of the political opposition in exile . In a daring maneuver , he clandestinely returned to Chile in March 1987 , crossing the Andes on the back of a mule . He later appeared publicly to the surprise of the authorities of the Pinochet government . This led to him being imprisoned and being the only person declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Chile , in use of the missing article 8 of the Constitution of Chile . This article outlawed political parties and individuals that propagated doctrines of the left ( that is , those that promoted a doctrine founded on the class struggle ) . Such conviction mainly meant the loss of the exercise of their citizenship rights and he could only be rehabilitated as a citizen once the country had returned to democratic normality , by the same court that sentenced it . During the aftermath of the Pinochet dictatorship and during the first years of the so-called Chilean transition to democracy Almeyda led the leftist faction of Chilean socialism , with the renewed wing led by the leader Ricardo Núñez . In this role , Don Cloro ( as he was popularly known ) , tried to establish contacts with the communists or even further to the left , through formations such as Izquierda Unida or the short-lived Broad Party of Socialist Left . During the government of Patricio Aylwin he was in charge of reopening the Chilean embassy in the Soviet Union during the last months of the Eastern Bloc . During his stay in Moscow in 1991 , he accepted as guest former East German President Erich Honecker , who was wanted by the German authorities to be tried for crimes during the socialist regime . Despite Chiles objections , President of Russia Boris Yeltsin ordered his deportation to Berlin , in what turned into a serious diplomatic incident . Back in Chile he devoted himself to private life , writing his memories and working as an academic at the University of Chile , School of Sociology until his death on August 25 , 1997 . Tributes . In homage to Almeyda , the Extraordinary Congress of the Socialist Party of Chile in May 1998 as well as its library was named after him .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Clodomiro Almeyda Medina ( February 11 , 1923 – August 25 , 1997 ) was a Chilean politician . A leading member of the Socialist Party , served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile from 1970 to 1973 during the Presidency of Salvador Allende .",
"title": "Clodomiro Almeyda"
},
{
"text": " He did his first studies at the German and Application High Schools of Santiago , and then studied at the Faculty of Law , University of Chile . He graduated in 1948 with a thesis entitled Towards a Marxist theory of the State . He later became a professor of political science in the domain of his studies , especially in the School of Sociology .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "He joined the Socialist Party of Chile in 1941 , participating in the Popular Socialist Party during the internal bankruptcy in the first part of the 1950s . During the second government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo he was head of the Ministries of Labor and Mining , standing out in his first ministry for being a promoter for the Single Central of Workers ( CUT ) . With the reunification of the party in 1957 , he rejoined the organization and was elected for Chamber of deputies for the period of 1961–1965 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " With the victory of Salvador Allende in the 1970 Chilean presidential elections , Almeyda was appointed to the post of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . During the Popular Unity government , he remained in office , except for a brief period in which he served as Minister of National Defense . This was when he made a castling with Orlando Letelier ( then Minister of the Interior ) , in order to avoid being the object of censorship by National Congress by means of a motion of no confidence .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "After the coup détat of September 11 , 1973 , which overthrew the constitutional government , he was arrested and transferred along with 99 other leaders and leaders of the Popular Unity to the Dawson Island Concentration Camp,where he was tortured and he remained under arrest for a long time . He was eventually exiled , living in the German Democratic Republic and Mexico . where he worked as a university teacher and leader of the political opposition in exile .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In a daring maneuver , he clandestinely returned to Chile in March 1987 , crossing the Andes on the back of a mule . He later appeared publicly to the surprise of the authorities of the Pinochet government . This led to him being imprisoned and being the only person declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Chile , in use of the missing article 8 of the Constitution of Chile .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "This article outlawed political parties and individuals that propagated doctrines of the left ( that is , those that promoted a doctrine founded on the class struggle ) . Such conviction mainly meant the loss of the exercise of their citizenship rights and he could only be rehabilitated as a citizen once the country had returned to democratic normality , by the same court that sentenced it .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "During the aftermath of the Pinochet dictatorship and during the first years of the so-called Chilean transition to democracy Almeyda led the leftist faction of Chilean socialism , with the renewed wing led by the leader Ricardo Núñez . In this role , Don Cloro ( as he was popularly known ) , tried to establish contacts with the communists or even further to the left , through formations such as Izquierda Unida or the short-lived Broad Party of Socialist Left . During the government of Patricio Aylwin he was in charge of reopening the Chilean embassy in the Soviet",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Union during the last months of the Eastern Bloc . During his stay in Moscow in 1991 , he accepted as guest former East German President Erich Honecker , who was wanted by the German authorities to be tried for crimes during the socialist regime . Despite Chiles objections , President of Russia Boris Yeltsin ordered his deportation to Berlin , in what turned into a serious diplomatic incident .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Back in Chile he devoted himself to private life , writing his memories and working as an academic at the University of Chile , School of Sociology until his death on August 25 , 1997 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In homage to Almeyda , the Extraordinary Congress of the Socialist Party of Chile in May 1998 as well as its library was named after him .",
"title": "Tributes"
}
] |
/wiki/Carl_Abbott_(urban_historian)#P108#0
|
What was the name of the employer Carl Abbott (urban historian) work for in Apr 1971?
|
Carl Abbott ( urban historian ) Carl Abbott ( born December 3 , 1944 ) is an American historian and urbanist , specialising in the related fields of urban history , western American history , urban planning , and science fiction , and is a frequent speaker to local community groups . Since 1967 he has been married to Margery Post Abbott , a Quaker scholar and teacher . Academia . He received a BA in history from Swarthmore College ( 1966 ) and a PhD from the University of Chicago ( 1971 ) . His academic positions have included the University of Denver ( 1971–72 ) , Old Dominion University ( 1972–78 ) , and Portland State University ( 1978–2012 ) . He has also held visiting positions at Mesa University , George Washington University , and the University of Oregon . He served as president of the Urban History Association ( 1995 ) , has been a member of the American Historical Association since 1982 and served as president of its Pacific Coach Branch from 2012 until 2013 . Other professional service has included co-editorship of the journal of the American Planning Association from 1999 to 2004 and of the Pacific Historical Review from 1997 to 2014 . Writing . Abbott has authored or co-authored sixteen books . The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West ( 1993 ) received the book award of the Urban History Association and Political Terrain : Washington D.C . from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis ( 1999 ) received the book award of the Society for American City and Regional Planning History . He has also published many scholarly articles , chapters , and reviews as well as shorter essays for general readers on his website . Abbott is also active in fields of public history , working with Portlands Architectural Heritage Center , The Oregon Encyclopedia , the Oregon Historical Society , and other organizations and is an advocate of community-based history . Works . - Colorado : The History of the Centennial State . Colorado Associated University Press , Boulder 1976 . Fifth edition 2013 ( with Stephen Leonard and Tom Noel ) : University of Colorado Press , Boulder 2013 , . - The Great Extravaganza : Portland and the Lewis and Clark Exposition . Oregon Historical Society , Portland 1981 , . - Boosters and Businessmen : Popular Economic Thought and Urban Growth in the Antebellum Middle West . Greenwood Press , Westport CT 1981 , . - The New Urban America : Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities . University of North Carolina Press , 1981 . Revised edition 1987 , . - Portland : Planning , Politics , and Growth in a Twentieth Century City . University of Nebraska Press , Lincoln NE 1983 , . - Urban America in the Modern Age , 1920 to Present . H . Davidson , Arlington Heights IL 1987 . 2nd edition 2007 , . - The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West . University of Arizona Press , Tucson 1993 , . - Planning a New West : The Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area ( with Sy Adler and Margery Post Abbott ) . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 1997 . . - Political Terrain : Washington , D.C. , from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis . University of North Carolina Press , Chapel Hill 1999 , . - Greater Portland : Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest . University of Pennsylvania Press , Philadelphia 2001 , . - Two Centuries of Lewis and Clark : Reflections on the Voyage of Discovery ( with William L . Lang ) . Oregon Historical Society Press , Portland 2004 , . - Frontiers Past and Future : Science Fiction and the American West . University Press of Kansas , Lawrence KS 2006 , . - How Cities Won the West : Four Centuries of Urban Change in Western North America . University of New Mexico Press , Albuquerque 2008 , . - Portland in Three Centuries : The Place and the People . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 2011 . - Imagined Frontiers : Contemporary America and Beyond . University of Oklahoma Press , Norman 2015 , - Imagining Urban Futures : Cities in Science Fiction and What We Might Learn from Them . Wesleyan University Press , Middletown , CT 2016 .
|
[
"University of Denver"
] |
[
{
"text": " Carl Abbott ( born December 3 , 1944 ) is an American historian and urbanist , specialising in the related fields of urban history , western American history , urban planning , and science fiction , and is a frequent speaker to local community groups . Since 1967 he has been married to Margery Post Abbott , a Quaker scholar and teacher .",
"title": "Carl Abbott ( urban historian )"
},
{
"text": " He received a BA in history from Swarthmore College ( 1966 ) and a PhD from the University of Chicago ( 1971 ) . His academic positions have included the University of Denver ( 1971–72 ) , Old Dominion University ( 1972–78 ) , and Portland State University ( 1978–2012 ) . He has also held visiting positions at Mesa University , George Washington University , and the University of Oregon .",
"title": "Academia"
},
{
"text": "He served as president of the Urban History Association ( 1995 ) , has been a member of the American Historical Association since 1982 and served as president of its Pacific Coach Branch from 2012 until 2013 . Other professional service has included co-editorship of the journal of the American Planning Association from 1999 to 2004 and of the Pacific Historical Review from 1997 to 2014 .",
"title": "Academia"
},
{
"text": " Abbott has authored or co-authored sixteen books . The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West ( 1993 ) received the book award of the Urban History Association and Political Terrain : Washington D.C . from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis ( 1999 ) received the book award of the Society for American City and Regional Planning History . He has also published many scholarly articles , chapters , and reviews as well as shorter essays for general readers on his website .",
"title": "Writing"
},
{
"text": "Abbott is also active in fields of public history , working with Portlands Architectural Heritage Center , The Oregon Encyclopedia , the Oregon Historical Society , and other organizations and is an advocate of community-based history .",
"title": "Writing"
},
{
"text": " - Colorado : The History of the Centennial State . Colorado Associated University Press , Boulder 1976 . Fifth edition 2013 ( with Stephen Leonard and Tom Noel ) : University of Colorado Press , Boulder 2013 , . - The Great Extravaganza : Portland and the Lewis and Clark Exposition . Oregon Historical Society , Portland 1981 , . - Boosters and Businessmen : Popular Economic Thought and Urban Growth in the Antebellum Middle West . Greenwood Press , Westport CT 1981 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- The New Urban America : Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities . University of North Carolina Press , 1981 . Revised edition 1987 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Portland : Planning , Politics , and Growth in a Twentieth Century City . University of Nebraska Press , Lincoln NE 1983 , . - Urban America in the Modern Age , 1920 to Present . H . Davidson , Arlington Heights IL 1987 . 2nd edition 2007 , . - The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West . University of Arizona Press , Tucson 1993 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- Planning a New West : The Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area ( with Sy Adler and Margery Post Abbott ) . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 1997 . .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Political Terrain : Washington , D.C. , from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis . University of North Carolina Press , Chapel Hill 1999 , . - Greater Portland : Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest . University of Pennsylvania Press , Philadelphia 2001 , . - Two Centuries of Lewis and Clark : Reflections on the Voyage of Discovery ( with William L . Lang ) . Oregon Historical Society Press , Portland 2004 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- Frontiers Past and Future : Science Fiction and the American West . University Press of Kansas , Lawrence KS 2006 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - How Cities Won the West : Four Centuries of Urban Change in Western North America . University of New Mexico Press , Albuquerque 2008 , . - Portland in Three Centuries : The Place and the People . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 2011 . - Imagined Frontiers : Contemporary America and Beyond . University of Oklahoma Press , Norman 2015 , - Imagining Urban Futures : Cities in Science Fiction and What We Might Learn from Them . Wesleyan University Press , Middletown , CT 2016 .",
"title": "Works"
}
] |
/wiki/Carl_Abbott_(urban_historian)#P108#1
|
What was the name of the employer Carl Abbott (urban historian) work for in Jun 1973?
|
Carl Abbott ( urban historian ) Carl Abbott ( born December 3 , 1944 ) is an American historian and urbanist , specialising in the related fields of urban history , western American history , urban planning , and science fiction , and is a frequent speaker to local community groups . Since 1967 he has been married to Margery Post Abbott , a Quaker scholar and teacher . Academia . He received a BA in history from Swarthmore College ( 1966 ) and a PhD from the University of Chicago ( 1971 ) . His academic positions have included the University of Denver ( 1971–72 ) , Old Dominion University ( 1972–78 ) , and Portland State University ( 1978–2012 ) . He has also held visiting positions at Mesa University , George Washington University , and the University of Oregon . He served as president of the Urban History Association ( 1995 ) , has been a member of the American Historical Association since 1982 and served as president of its Pacific Coach Branch from 2012 until 2013 . Other professional service has included co-editorship of the journal of the American Planning Association from 1999 to 2004 and of the Pacific Historical Review from 1997 to 2014 . Writing . Abbott has authored or co-authored sixteen books . The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West ( 1993 ) received the book award of the Urban History Association and Political Terrain : Washington D.C . from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis ( 1999 ) received the book award of the Society for American City and Regional Planning History . He has also published many scholarly articles , chapters , and reviews as well as shorter essays for general readers on his website . Abbott is also active in fields of public history , working with Portlands Architectural Heritage Center , The Oregon Encyclopedia , the Oregon Historical Society , and other organizations and is an advocate of community-based history . Works . - Colorado : The History of the Centennial State . Colorado Associated University Press , Boulder 1976 . Fifth edition 2013 ( with Stephen Leonard and Tom Noel ) : University of Colorado Press , Boulder 2013 , . - The Great Extravaganza : Portland and the Lewis and Clark Exposition . Oregon Historical Society , Portland 1981 , . - Boosters and Businessmen : Popular Economic Thought and Urban Growth in the Antebellum Middle West . Greenwood Press , Westport CT 1981 , . - The New Urban America : Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities . University of North Carolina Press , 1981 . Revised edition 1987 , . - Portland : Planning , Politics , and Growth in a Twentieth Century City . University of Nebraska Press , Lincoln NE 1983 , . - Urban America in the Modern Age , 1920 to Present . H . Davidson , Arlington Heights IL 1987 . 2nd edition 2007 , . - The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West . University of Arizona Press , Tucson 1993 , . - Planning a New West : The Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area ( with Sy Adler and Margery Post Abbott ) . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 1997 . . - Political Terrain : Washington , D.C. , from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis . University of North Carolina Press , Chapel Hill 1999 , . - Greater Portland : Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest . University of Pennsylvania Press , Philadelphia 2001 , . - Two Centuries of Lewis and Clark : Reflections on the Voyage of Discovery ( with William L . Lang ) . Oregon Historical Society Press , Portland 2004 , . - Frontiers Past and Future : Science Fiction and the American West . University Press of Kansas , Lawrence KS 2006 , . - How Cities Won the West : Four Centuries of Urban Change in Western North America . University of New Mexico Press , Albuquerque 2008 , . - Portland in Three Centuries : The Place and the People . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 2011 . - Imagined Frontiers : Contemporary America and Beyond . University of Oklahoma Press , Norman 2015 , - Imagining Urban Futures : Cities in Science Fiction and What We Might Learn from Them . Wesleyan University Press , Middletown , CT 2016 .
|
[
"Old Dominion University"
] |
[
{
"text": " Carl Abbott ( born December 3 , 1944 ) is an American historian and urbanist , specialising in the related fields of urban history , western American history , urban planning , and science fiction , and is a frequent speaker to local community groups . Since 1967 he has been married to Margery Post Abbott , a Quaker scholar and teacher .",
"title": "Carl Abbott ( urban historian )"
},
{
"text": " He received a BA in history from Swarthmore College ( 1966 ) and a PhD from the University of Chicago ( 1971 ) . His academic positions have included the University of Denver ( 1971–72 ) , Old Dominion University ( 1972–78 ) , and Portland State University ( 1978–2012 ) . He has also held visiting positions at Mesa University , George Washington University , and the University of Oregon .",
"title": "Academia"
},
{
"text": "He served as president of the Urban History Association ( 1995 ) , has been a member of the American Historical Association since 1982 and served as president of its Pacific Coach Branch from 2012 until 2013 . Other professional service has included co-editorship of the journal of the American Planning Association from 1999 to 2004 and of the Pacific Historical Review from 1997 to 2014 .",
"title": "Academia"
},
{
"text": " Abbott has authored or co-authored sixteen books . The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West ( 1993 ) received the book award of the Urban History Association and Political Terrain : Washington D.C . from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis ( 1999 ) received the book award of the Society for American City and Regional Planning History . He has also published many scholarly articles , chapters , and reviews as well as shorter essays for general readers on his website .",
"title": "Writing"
},
{
"text": "Abbott is also active in fields of public history , working with Portlands Architectural Heritage Center , The Oregon Encyclopedia , the Oregon Historical Society , and other organizations and is an advocate of community-based history .",
"title": "Writing"
},
{
"text": " - Colorado : The History of the Centennial State . Colorado Associated University Press , Boulder 1976 . Fifth edition 2013 ( with Stephen Leonard and Tom Noel ) : University of Colorado Press , Boulder 2013 , . - The Great Extravaganza : Portland and the Lewis and Clark Exposition . Oregon Historical Society , Portland 1981 , . - Boosters and Businessmen : Popular Economic Thought and Urban Growth in the Antebellum Middle West . Greenwood Press , Westport CT 1981 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- The New Urban America : Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities . University of North Carolina Press , 1981 . Revised edition 1987 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Portland : Planning , Politics , and Growth in a Twentieth Century City . University of Nebraska Press , Lincoln NE 1983 , . - Urban America in the Modern Age , 1920 to Present . H . Davidson , Arlington Heights IL 1987 . 2nd edition 2007 , . - The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West . University of Arizona Press , Tucson 1993 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- Planning a New West : The Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area ( with Sy Adler and Margery Post Abbott ) . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 1997 . .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Political Terrain : Washington , D.C. , from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis . University of North Carolina Press , Chapel Hill 1999 , . - Greater Portland : Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest . University of Pennsylvania Press , Philadelphia 2001 , . - Two Centuries of Lewis and Clark : Reflections on the Voyage of Discovery ( with William L . Lang ) . Oregon Historical Society Press , Portland 2004 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- Frontiers Past and Future : Science Fiction and the American West . University Press of Kansas , Lawrence KS 2006 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - How Cities Won the West : Four Centuries of Urban Change in Western North America . University of New Mexico Press , Albuquerque 2008 , . - Portland in Three Centuries : The Place and the People . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 2011 . - Imagined Frontiers : Contemporary America and Beyond . University of Oklahoma Press , Norman 2015 , - Imagining Urban Futures : Cities in Science Fiction and What We Might Learn from Them . Wesleyan University Press , Middletown , CT 2016 .",
"title": "Works"
}
] |
/wiki/Carl_Abbott_(urban_historian)#P108#2
|
What was the name of the employer Carl Abbott (urban historian) work for between Aug 1978 and Dec 1978?
|
Carl Abbott ( urban historian ) Carl Abbott ( born December 3 , 1944 ) is an American historian and urbanist , specialising in the related fields of urban history , western American history , urban planning , and science fiction , and is a frequent speaker to local community groups . Since 1967 he has been married to Margery Post Abbott , a Quaker scholar and teacher . Academia . He received a BA in history from Swarthmore College ( 1966 ) and a PhD from the University of Chicago ( 1971 ) . His academic positions have included the University of Denver ( 1971–72 ) , Old Dominion University ( 1972–78 ) , and Portland State University ( 1978–2012 ) . He has also held visiting positions at Mesa University , George Washington University , and the University of Oregon . He served as president of the Urban History Association ( 1995 ) , has been a member of the American Historical Association since 1982 and served as president of its Pacific Coach Branch from 2012 until 2013 . Other professional service has included co-editorship of the journal of the American Planning Association from 1999 to 2004 and of the Pacific Historical Review from 1997 to 2014 . Writing . Abbott has authored or co-authored sixteen books . The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West ( 1993 ) received the book award of the Urban History Association and Political Terrain : Washington D.C . from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis ( 1999 ) received the book award of the Society for American City and Regional Planning History . He has also published many scholarly articles , chapters , and reviews as well as shorter essays for general readers on his website . Abbott is also active in fields of public history , working with Portlands Architectural Heritage Center , The Oregon Encyclopedia , the Oregon Historical Society , and other organizations and is an advocate of community-based history . Works . - Colorado : The History of the Centennial State . Colorado Associated University Press , Boulder 1976 . Fifth edition 2013 ( with Stephen Leonard and Tom Noel ) : University of Colorado Press , Boulder 2013 , . - The Great Extravaganza : Portland and the Lewis and Clark Exposition . Oregon Historical Society , Portland 1981 , . - Boosters and Businessmen : Popular Economic Thought and Urban Growth in the Antebellum Middle West . Greenwood Press , Westport CT 1981 , . - The New Urban America : Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities . University of North Carolina Press , 1981 . Revised edition 1987 , . - Portland : Planning , Politics , and Growth in a Twentieth Century City . University of Nebraska Press , Lincoln NE 1983 , . - Urban America in the Modern Age , 1920 to Present . H . Davidson , Arlington Heights IL 1987 . 2nd edition 2007 , . - The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West . University of Arizona Press , Tucson 1993 , . - Planning a New West : The Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area ( with Sy Adler and Margery Post Abbott ) . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 1997 . . - Political Terrain : Washington , D.C. , from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis . University of North Carolina Press , Chapel Hill 1999 , . - Greater Portland : Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest . University of Pennsylvania Press , Philadelphia 2001 , . - Two Centuries of Lewis and Clark : Reflections on the Voyage of Discovery ( with William L . Lang ) . Oregon Historical Society Press , Portland 2004 , . - Frontiers Past and Future : Science Fiction and the American West . University Press of Kansas , Lawrence KS 2006 , . - How Cities Won the West : Four Centuries of Urban Change in Western North America . University of New Mexico Press , Albuquerque 2008 , . - Portland in Three Centuries : The Place and the People . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 2011 . - Imagined Frontiers : Contemporary America and Beyond . University of Oklahoma Press , Norman 2015 , - Imagining Urban Futures : Cities in Science Fiction and What We Might Learn from Them . Wesleyan University Press , Middletown , CT 2016 .
|
[
"Portland State University"
] |
[
{
"text": " Carl Abbott ( born December 3 , 1944 ) is an American historian and urbanist , specialising in the related fields of urban history , western American history , urban planning , and science fiction , and is a frequent speaker to local community groups . Since 1967 he has been married to Margery Post Abbott , a Quaker scholar and teacher .",
"title": "Carl Abbott ( urban historian )"
},
{
"text": " He received a BA in history from Swarthmore College ( 1966 ) and a PhD from the University of Chicago ( 1971 ) . His academic positions have included the University of Denver ( 1971–72 ) , Old Dominion University ( 1972–78 ) , and Portland State University ( 1978–2012 ) . He has also held visiting positions at Mesa University , George Washington University , and the University of Oregon .",
"title": "Academia"
},
{
"text": "He served as president of the Urban History Association ( 1995 ) , has been a member of the American Historical Association since 1982 and served as president of its Pacific Coach Branch from 2012 until 2013 . Other professional service has included co-editorship of the journal of the American Planning Association from 1999 to 2004 and of the Pacific Historical Review from 1997 to 2014 .",
"title": "Academia"
},
{
"text": " Abbott has authored or co-authored sixteen books . The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West ( 1993 ) received the book award of the Urban History Association and Political Terrain : Washington D.C . from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis ( 1999 ) received the book award of the Society for American City and Regional Planning History . He has also published many scholarly articles , chapters , and reviews as well as shorter essays for general readers on his website .",
"title": "Writing"
},
{
"text": "Abbott is also active in fields of public history , working with Portlands Architectural Heritage Center , The Oregon Encyclopedia , the Oregon Historical Society , and other organizations and is an advocate of community-based history .",
"title": "Writing"
},
{
"text": " - Colorado : The History of the Centennial State . Colorado Associated University Press , Boulder 1976 . Fifth edition 2013 ( with Stephen Leonard and Tom Noel ) : University of Colorado Press , Boulder 2013 , . - The Great Extravaganza : Portland and the Lewis and Clark Exposition . Oregon Historical Society , Portland 1981 , . - Boosters and Businessmen : Popular Economic Thought and Urban Growth in the Antebellum Middle West . Greenwood Press , Westport CT 1981 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- The New Urban America : Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities . University of North Carolina Press , 1981 . Revised edition 1987 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Portland : Planning , Politics , and Growth in a Twentieth Century City . University of Nebraska Press , Lincoln NE 1983 , . - Urban America in the Modern Age , 1920 to Present . H . Davidson , Arlington Heights IL 1987 . 2nd edition 2007 , . - The Metropolitan Frontier : Cities in the Modern American West . University of Arizona Press , Tucson 1993 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- Planning a New West : The Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area ( with Sy Adler and Margery Post Abbott ) . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 1997 . .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Political Terrain : Washington , D.C. , from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis . University of North Carolina Press , Chapel Hill 1999 , . - Greater Portland : Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest . University of Pennsylvania Press , Philadelphia 2001 , . - Two Centuries of Lewis and Clark : Reflections on the Voyage of Discovery ( with William L . Lang ) . Oregon Historical Society Press , Portland 2004 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- Frontiers Past and Future : Science Fiction and the American West . University Press of Kansas , Lawrence KS 2006 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - How Cities Won the West : Four Centuries of Urban Change in Western North America . University of New Mexico Press , Albuquerque 2008 , . - Portland in Three Centuries : The Place and the People . Oregon State University Press , Corvallis 2011 . - Imagined Frontiers : Contemporary America and Beyond . University of Oklahoma Press , Norman 2015 , - Imagining Urban Futures : Cities in Science Fiction and What We Might Learn from Them . Wesleyan University Press , Middletown , CT 2016 .",
"title": "Works"
}
] |
/wiki/LSWR_G6_class#P137#0
|
What was the operator of LSWR G6 class before Mar 1899?
|
LSWR G6 class The LSWR G6 class was an 0-6-0T tank locomotive designed by William Adams for the London and South Western Railway . Background . The late nineteenth century was a troubled period for the LSWR due to frequent motive power shortages brought about by employing a collection of ageing locomotives in an era of increasing rail traffic . There was a need to supplement this fleet with a new class of locomotive design that could undertake the mundane task of shunting in goods yards around the LSWR network . In 1893 , the LSWR tasked their Locomotive Superintendent , William Adams , to solve this requirement for additional motive power . A new class of yard shunters was required to supplement the railways current stock of 0-6-0Ts , which dated from 1881 and had been constructed by Beyer , Peacock and Company . Therefore , a need for a compact freight design was highlighted , with the G6 being the resultant locomotive class . Construction history . The new design was designated the Class G6 by Adams , who intended the class to be an 0-6-0 version of his O2 class passenger locomotives . The wheel arrangement was ideal for the tight curves and traction needed in shunting activities , with the shorter wheelbase helping to solve both these concerns . The G6 represented the only 0-6-0 design undertaken by Adams , with the resultant locomotive being a highly compact design . Construction of the class began in 1893 , and was undertaken in-house by the LSWR at Nine Elms works in London , with an initial batch of ten locomotives being constructed . The boiler also betrayed the pairing with the O2 Class because it was the same for standardisation purposes . Four further locomotives were constructed in 1896 as replacements for the B4 class 0-4-0T dock shunters at Southampton Docks due to their increased coal and water capacity and enhanced power . This proved to be one of Adamss last deeds on the LSWR , as he retired to be replaced by Dugald Drummond . Drummond authorised a further batch of ten locomotives during the period 1897 to 1898 after being impressed with the performance of the class . A further , and final , batch of ten was ordered in 1900 . However , both of these batches differed from the original ten because they utilised the boilers of Beattie Well tanks and other withdrawn locomotives . Very few modifications were undertaken during their working careers , with only the Adams stovepipe chimney being replaced by a Drummond lipped example , whilst vacuum brakes were also eventually implemented . Livery and numbering . LSWR and Southern . Under LSWR ownership , the G6s were outshopped in the LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with black and light green lining , which was applied to most freight designs of the LSWR . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the water tank sides and cabside respectively , with the letters LSW . Post-1948 ( nationalisation ) . The class as inherited by British Railways retained the Southern livery for a short period . As overhauls took place , the class began to be turned out in unlined BR Freight Black livery . However , only ten locomotives were to see this livery , as several members were withdrawn from service and scrapped . The BR crest was placed upon the water tank sides , with the number cabside . Due to the confused nature of the original LSWR and subsequent SR numbering systems , the class was spread across several numbering bands in the BR 30xxx series . BR inherited 32 locomotives : 30160 , 30162 , 30257 to 30279 , and 30348 , 30349 . However , after the mass withdrawal of 1951 , only 30160 , 30162 , 30237 , 30258 , 30260 , 30266 , 30270 , 30274 , 30279 and 30349 remained to receive the new livery . Operational details . The G6 Class was a highly localised , though useful , locomotive design that very rarely ventured off the LSWR network , even in service with the Southern Railway . The only exception was the transfer of a single example to Reading freight yard in 1941 to assist with the GWRs shortage of motive power during the Second World War . As the war progressed , a second member of the class was also transferred here and provided sterling service . The class was highly successful in undertaking the tasks they were designed for , and were respected by their crews . They rarely undertook passenger work , though they did undertake banking duties between Exeter St Davids and Exeter Central on occasion , until Stroudley E1/R 0-6-2Ts took on this task in 1933 . After Nationalisation , two members of the class eventually found their way into departmental service , both being allocated to Meldon Quarry in Devon . The first to undertake this role was number 30272 in June 1950 , being renumbered DS3152 . When this example was withdrawn in 1960 , 30238 replaced DS3152 under the new number of DS682 . Withdrawal . The first withdrawal was number 348 in August 1948 , followed by a larger number of 22 by the end of 1951 . The final survivor was a 64-year-old example , number 30238 , though this locomotive was one of the last to be withdrawn as part of the Modernisation Plan in late 1962 . None of these useful locomotives have survived into preservation .
|
[
"London and South Western Railway"
] |
[
{
"text": " The LSWR G6 class was an 0-6-0T tank locomotive designed by William Adams for the London and South Western Railway .",
"title": "LSWR G6 class"
},
{
"text": " The late nineteenth century was a troubled period for the LSWR due to frequent motive power shortages brought about by employing a collection of ageing locomotives in an era of increasing rail traffic . There was a need to supplement this fleet with a new class of locomotive design that could undertake the mundane task of shunting in goods yards around the LSWR network .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "In 1893 , the LSWR tasked their Locomotive Superintendent , William Adams , to solve this requirement for additional motive power . A new class of yard shunters was required to supplement the railways current stock of 0-6-0Ts , which dated from 1881 and had been constructed by Beyer , Peacock and Company . Therefore , a need for a compact freight design was highlighted , with the G6 being the resultant locomotive class .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "The new design was designated the Class G6 by Adams , who intended the class to be an 0-6-0 version of his O2 class passenger locomotives . The wheel arrangement was ideal for the tight curves and traction needed in shunting activities , with the shorter wheelbase helping to solve both these concerns . The G6 represented the only 0-6-0 design undertaken by Adams , with the resultant locomotive being a highly compact design . Construction of the class began in 1893 , and was undertaken in-house by the LSWR at Nine Elms works in London , with an initial",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "batch of ten locomotives being constructed . The boiler also betrayed the pairing with the O2 Class because it was the same for standardisation purposes .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " Four further locomotives were constructed in 1896 as replacements for the B4 class 0-4-0T dock shunters at Southampton Docks due to their increased coal and water capacity and enhanced power . This proved to be one of Adamss last deeds on the LSWR , as he retired to be replaced by Dugald Drummond .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Drummond authorised a further batch of ten locomotives during the period 1897 to 1898 after being impressed with the performance of the class . A further , and final , batch of ten was ordered in 1900 . However , both of these batches differed from the original ten because they utilised the boilers of Beattie Well tanks and other withdrawn locomotives . Very few modifications were undertaken during their working careers , with only the Adams stovepipe chimney being replaced by a Drummond lipped example , whilst vacuum brakes were also eventually implemented .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " Under LSWR ownership , the G6s were outshopped in the LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with black and light green lining , which was applied to most freight designs of the LSWR . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the water tank sides and cabside respectively , with the letters LSW . Post-1948 ( nationalisation ) .",
"title": "LSWR and Southern"
},
{
"text": "The class as inherited by British Railways retained the Southern livery for a short period . As overhauls took place , the class began to be turned out in unlined BR Freight Black livery . However , only ten locomotives were to see this livery , as several members were withdrawn from service and scrapped . The BR crest was placed upon the water tank sides , with the number cabside .",
"title": "LSWR and Southern"
},
{
"text": " Due to the confused nature of the original LSWR and subsequent SR numbering systems , the class was spread across several numbering bands in the BR 30xxx series . BR inherited 32 locomotives : 30160 , 30162 , 30257 to 30279 , and 30348 , 30349 . However , after the mass withdrawal of 1951 , only 30160 , 30162 , 30237 , 30258 , 30260 , 30266 , 30270 , 30274 , 30279 and 30349 remained to receive the new livery .",
"title": "LSWR and Southern"
},
{
"text": " The G6 Class was a highly localised , though useful , locomotive design that very rarely ventured off the LSWR network , even in service with the Southern Railway . The only exception was the transfer of a single example to Reading freight yard in 1941 to assist with the GWRs shortage of motive power during the Second World War . As the war progressed , a second member of the class was also transferred here and provided sterling service .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": "The class was highly successful in undertaking the tasks they were designed for , and were respected by their crews . They rarely undertook passenger work , though they did undertake banking duties between Exeter St Davids and Exeter Central on occasion , until Stroudley E1/R 0-6-2Ts took on this task in 1933 .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": " After Nationalisation , two members of the class eventually found their way into departmental service , both being allocated to Meldon Quarry in Devon . The first to undertake this role was number 30272 in June 1950 , being renumbered DS3152 . When this example was withdrawn in 1960 , 30238 replaced DS3152 under the new number of DS682 .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": " The first withdrawal was number 348 in August 1948 , followed by a larger number of 22 by the end of 1951 . The final survivor was a 64-year-old example , number 30238 , though this locomotive was one of the last to be withdrawn as part of the Modernisation Plan in late 1962 . None of these useful locomotives have survived into preservation .",
"title": "Withdrawal"
}
] |
/wiki/LSWR_G6_class#P137#1
|
What was the operator of LSWR G6 class between Aug 1942 and Nov 1947?
|
LSWR G6 class The LSWR G6 class was an 0-6-0T tank locomotive designed by William Adams for the London and South Western Railway . Background . The late nineteenth century was a troubled period for the LSWR due to frequent motive power shortages brought about by employing a collection of ageing locomotives in an era of increasing rail traffic . There was a need to supplement this fleet with a new class of locomotive design that could undertake the mundane task of shunting in goods yards around the LSWR network . In 1893 , the LSWR tasked their Locomotive Superintendent , William Adams , to solve this requirement for additional motive power . A new class of yard shunters was required to supplement the railways current stock of 0-6-0Ts , which dated from 1881 and had been constructed by Beyer , Peacock and Company . Therefore , a need for a compact freight design was highlighted , with the G6 being the resultant locomotive class . Construction history . The new design was designated the Class G6 by Adams , who intended the class to be an 0-6-0 version of his O2 class passenger locomotives . The wheel arrangement was ideal for the tight curves and traction needed in shunting activities , with the shorter wheelbase helping to solve both these concerns . The G6 represented the only 0-6-0 design undertaken by Adams , with the resultant locomotive being a highly compact design . Construction of the class began in 1893 , and was undertaken in-house by the LSWR at Nine Elms works in London , with an initial batch of ten locomotives being constructed . The boiler also betrayed the pairing with the O2 Class because it was the same for standardisation purposes . Four further locomotives were constructed in 1896 as replacements for the B4 class 0-4-0T dock shunters at Southampton Docks due to their increased coal and water capacity and enhanced power . This proved to be one of Adamss last deeds on the LSWR , as he retired to be replaced by Dugald Drummond . Drummond authorised a further batch of ten locomotives during the period 1897 to 1898 after being impressed with the performance of the class . A further , and final , batch of ten was ordered in 1900 . However , both of these batches differed from the original ten because they utilised the boilers of Beattie Well tanks and other withdrawn locomotives . Very few modifications were undertaken during their working careers , with only the Adams stovepipe chimney being replaced by a Drummond lipped example , whilst vacuum brakes were also eventually implemented . Livery and numbering . LSWR and Southern . Under LSWR ownership , the G6s were outshopped in the LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with black and light green lining , which was applied to most freight designs of the LSWR . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the water tank sides and cabside respectively , with the letters LSW . Post-1948 ( nationalisation ) . The class as inherited by British Railways retained the Southern livery for a short period . As overhauls took place , the class began to be turned out in unlined BR Freight Black livery . However , only ten locomotives were to see this livery , as several members were withdrawn from service and scrapped . The BR crest was placed upon the water tank sides , with the number cabside . Due to the confused nature of the original LSWR and subsequent SR numbering systems , the class was spread across several numbering bands in the BR 30xxx series . BR inherited 32 locomotives : 30160 , 30162 , 30257 to 30279 , and 30348 , 30349 . However , after the mass withdrawal of 1951 , only 30160 , 30162 , 30237 , 30258 , 30260 , 30266 , 30270 , 30274 , 30279 and 30349 remained to receive the new livery . Operational details . The G6 Class was a highly localised , though useful , locomotive design that very rarely ventured off the LSWR network , even in service with the Southern Railway . The only exception was the transfer of a single example to Reading freight yard in 1941 to assist with the GWRs shortage of motive power during the Second World War . As the war progressed , a second member of the class was also transferred here and provided sterling service . The class was highly successful in undertaking the tasks they were designed for , and were respected by their crews . They rarely undertook passenger work , though they did undertake banking duties between Exeter St Davids and Exeter Central on occasion , until Stroudley E1/R 0-6-2Ts took on this task in 1933 . After Nationalisation , two members of the class eventually found their way into departmental service , both being allocated to Meldon Quarry in Devon . The first to undertake this role was number 30272 in June 1950 , being renumbered DS3152 . When this example was withdrawn in 1960 , 30238 replaced DS3152 under the new number of DS682 . Withdrawal . The first withdrawal was number 348 in August 1948 , followed by a larger number of 22 by the end of 1951 . The final survivor was a 64-year-old example , number 30238 , though this locomotive was one of the last to be withdrawn as part of the Modernisation Plan in late 1962 . None of these useful locomotives have survived into preservation .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " The LSWR G6 class was an 0-6-0T tank locomotive designed by William Adams for the London and South Western Railway .",
"title": "LSWR G6 class"
},
{
"text": " The late nineteenth century was a troubled period for the LSWR due to frequent motive power shortages brought about by employing a collection of ageing locomotives in an era of increasing rail traffic . There was a need to supplement this fleet with a new class of locomotive design that could undertake the mundane task of shunting in goods yards around the LSWR network .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "In 1893 , the LSWR tasked their Locomotive Superintendent , William Adams , to solve this requirement for additional motive power . A new class of yard shunters was required to supplement the railways current stock of 0-6-0Ts , which dated from 1881 and had been constructed by Beyer , Peacock and Company . Therefore , a need for a compact freight design was highlighted , with the G6 being the resultant locomotive class .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "The new design was designated the Class G6 by Adams , who intended the class to be an 0-6-0 version of his O2 class passenger locomotives . The wheel arrangement was ideal for the tight curves and traction needed in shunting activities , with the shorter wheelbase helping to solve both these concerns . The G6 represented the only 0-6-0 design undertaken by Adams , with the resultant locomotive being a highly compact design . Construction of the class began in 1893 , and was undertaken in-house by the LSWR at Nine Elms works in London , with an initial",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "batch of ten locomotives being constructed . The boiler also betrayed the pairing with the O2 Class because it was the same for standardisation purposes .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " Four further locomotives were constructed in 1896 as replacements for the B4 class 0-4-0T dock shunters at Southampton Docks due to their increased coal and water capacity and enhanced power . This proved to be one of Adamss last deeds on the LSWR , as he retired to be replaced by Dugald Drummond .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Drummond authorised a further batch of ten locomotives during the period 1897 to 1898 after being impressed with the performance of the class . A further , and final , batch of ten was ordered in 1900 . However , both of these batches differed from the original ten because they utilised the boilers of Beattie Well tanks and other withdrawn locomotives . Very few modifications were undertaken during their working careers , with only the Adams stovepipe chimney being replaced by a Drummond lipped example , whilst vacuum brakes were also eventually implemented .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " Under LSWR ownership , the G6s were outshopped in the LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with black and light green lining , which was applied to most freight designs of the LSWR . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the water tank sides and cabside respectively , with the letters LSW . Post-1948 ( nationalisation ) .",
"title": "LSWR and Southern"
},
{
"text": "The class as inherited by British Railways retained the Southern livery for a short period . As overhauls took place , the class began to be turned out in unlined BR Freight Black livery . However , only ten locomotives were to see this livery , as several members were withdrawn from service and scrapped . The BR crest was placed upon the water tank sides , with the number cabside .",
"title": "LSWR and Southern"
},
{
"text": " Due to the confused nature of the original LSWR and subsequent SR numbering systems , the class was spread across several numbering bands in the BR 30xxx series . BR inherited 32 locomotives : 30160 , 30162 , 30257 to 30279 , and 30348 , 30349 . However , after the mass withdrawal of 1951 , only 30160 , 30162 , 30237 , 30258 , 30260 , 30266 , 30270 , 30274 , 30279 and 30349 remained to receive the new livery .",
"title": "LSWR and Southern"
},
{
"text": " The G6 Class was a highly localised , though useful , locomotive design that very rarely ventured off the LSWR network , even in service with the Southern Railway . The only exception was the transfer of a single example to Reading freight yard in 1941 to assist with the GWRs shortage of motive power during the Second World War . As the war progressed , a second member of the class was also transferred here and provided sterling service .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": "The class was highly successful in undertaking the tasks they were designed for , and were respected by their crews . They rarely undertook passenger work , though they did undertake banking duties between Exeter St Davids and Exeter Central on occasion , until Stroudley E1/R 0-6-2Ts took on this task in 1933 .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": " After Nationalisation , two members of the class eventually found their way into departmental service , both being allocated to Meldon Quarry in Devon . The first to undertake this role was number 30272 in June 1950 , being renumbered DS3152 . When this example was withdrawn in 1960 , 30238 replaced DS3152 under the new number of DS682 .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": " The first withdrawal was number 348 in August 1948 , followed by a larger number of 22 by the end of 1951 . The final survivor was a 64-year-old example , number 30238 , though this locomotive was one of the last to be withdrawn as part of the Modernisation Plan in late 1962 . None of these useful locomotives have survived into preservation .",
"title": "Withdrawal"
}
] |
/wiki/LSWR_G6_class#P137#2
|
What was the operator of LSWR G6 class between Feb 1959 and Jun 1960?
|
LSWR G6 class The LSWR G6 class was an 0-6-0T tank locomotive designed by William Adams for the London and South Western Railway . Background . The late nineteenth century was a troubled period for the LSWR due to frequent motive power shortages brought about by employing a collection of ageing locomotives in an era of increasing rail traffic . There was a need to supplement this fleet with a new class of locomotive design that could undertake the mundane task of shunting in goods yards around the LSWR network . In 1893 , the LSWR tasked their Locomotive Superintendent , William Adams , to solve this requirement for additional motive power . A new class of yard shunters was required to supplement the railways current stock of 0-6-0Ts , which dated from 1881 and had been constructed by Beyer , Peacock and Company . Therefore , a need for a compact freight design was highlighted , with the G6 being the resultant locomotive class . Construction history . The new design was designated the Class G6 by Adams , who intended the class to be an 0-6-0 version of his O2 class passenger locomotives . The wheel arrangement was ideal for the tight curves and traction needed in shunting activities , with the shorter wheelbase helping to solve both these concerns . The G6 represented the only 0-6-0 design undertaken by Adams , with the resultant locomotive being a highly compact design . Construction of the class began in 1893 , and was undertaken in-house by the LSWR at Nine Elms works in London , with an initial batch of ten locomotives being constructed . The boiler also betrayed the pairing with the O2 Class because it was the same for standardisation purposes . Four further locomotives were constructed in 1896 as replacements for the B4 class 0-4-0T dock shunters at Southampton Docks due to their increased coal and water capacity and enhanced power . This proved to be one of Adamss last deeds on the LSWR , as he retired to be replaced by Dugald Drummond . Drummond authorised a further batch of ten locomotives during the period 1897 to 1898 after being impressed with the performance of the class . A further , and final , batch of ten was ordered in 1900 . However , both of these batches differed from the original ten because they utilised the boilers of Beattie Well tanks and other withdrawn locomotives . Very few modifications were undertaken during their working careers , with only the Adams stovepipe chimney being replaced by a Drummond lipped example , whilst vacuum brakes were also eventually implemented . Livery and numbering . LSWR and Southern . Under LSWR ownership , the G6s were outshopped in the LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with black and light green lining , which was applied to most freight designs of the LSWR . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the water tank sides and cabside respectively , with the letters LSW . Post-1948 ( nationalisation ) . The class as inherited by British Railways retained the Southern livery for a short period . As overhauls took place , the class began to be turned out in unlined BR Freight Black livery . However , only ten locomotives were to see this livery , as several members were withdrawn from service and scrapped . The BR crest was placed upon the water tank sides , with the number cabside . Due to the confused nature of the original LSWR and subsequent SR numbering systems , the class was spread across several numbering bands in the BR 30xxx series . BR inherited 32 locomotives : 30160 , 30162 , 30257 to 30279 , and 30348 , 30349 . However , after the mass withdrawal of 1951 , only 30160 , 30162 , 30237 , 30258 , 30260 , 30266 , 30270 , 30274 , 30279 and 30349 remained to receive the new livery . Operational details . The G6 Class was a highly localised , though useful , locomotive design that very rarely ventured off the LSWR network , even in service with the Southern Railway . The only exception was the transfer of a single example to Reading freight yard in 1941 to assist with the GWRs shortage of motive power during the Second World War . As the war progressed , a second member of the class was also transferred here and provided sterling service . The class was highly successful in undertaking the tasks they were designed for , and were respected by their crews . They rarely undertook passenger work , though they did undertake banking duties between Exeter St Davids and Exeter Central on occasion , until Stroudley E1/R 0-6-2Ts took on this task in 1933 . After Nationalisation , two members of the class eventually found their way into departmental service , both being allocated to Meldon Quarry in Devon . The first to undertake this role was number 30272 in June 1950 , being renumbered DS3152 . When this example was withdrawn in 1960 , 30238 replaced DS3152 under the new number of DS682 . Withdrawal . The first withdrawal was number 348 in August 1948 , followed by a larger number of 22 by the end of 1951 . The final survivor was a 64-year-old example , number 30238 , though this locomotive was one of the last to be withdrawn as part of the Modernisation Plan in late 1962 . None of these useful locomotives have survived into preservation .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " The LSWR G6 class was an 0-6-0T tank locomotive designed by William Adams for the London and South Western Railway .",
"title": "LSWR G6 class"
},
{
"text": " The late nineteenth century was a troubled period for the LSWR due to frequent motive power shortages brought about by employing a collection of ageing locomotives in an era of increasing rail traffic . There was a need to supplement this fleet with a new class of locomotive design that could undertake the mundane task of shunting in goods yards around the LSWR network .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "In 1893 , the LSWR tasked their Locomotive Superintendent , William Adams , to solve this requirement for additional motive power . A new class of yard shunters was required to supplement the railways current stock of 0-6-0Ts , which dated from 1881 and had been constructed by Beyer , Peacock and Company . Therefore , a need for a compact freight design was highlighted , with the G6 being the resultant locomotive class .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "The new design was designated the Class G6 by Adams , who intended the class to be an 0-6-0 version of his O2 class passenger locomotives . The wheel arrangement was ideal for the tight curves and traction needed in shunting activities , with the shorter wheelbase helping to solve both these concerns . The G6 represented the only 0-6-0 design undertaken by Adams , with the resultant locomotive being a highly compact design . Construction of the class began in 1893 , and was undertaken in-house by the LSWR at Nine Elms works in London , with an initial",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "batch of ten locomotives being constructed . The boiler also betrayed the pairing with the O2 Class because it was the same for standardisation purposes .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " Four further locomotives were constructed in 1896 as replacements for the B4 class 0-4-0T dock shunters at Southampton Docks due to their increased coal and water capacity and enhanced power . This proved to be one of Adamss last deeds on the LSWR , as he retired to be replaced by Dugald Drummond .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": "Drummond authorised a further batch of ten locomotives during the period 1897 to 1898 after being impressed with the performance of the class . A further , and final , batch of ten was ordered in 1900 . However , both of these batches differed from the original ten because they utilised the boilers of Beattie Well tanks and other withdrawn locomotives . Very few modifications were undertaken during their working careers , with only the Adams stovepipe chimney being replaced by a Drummond lipped example , whilst vacuum brakes were also eventually implemented .",
"title": "Construction history"
},
{
"text": " Under LSWR ownership , the G6s were outshopped in the LSWR dark Holly Green livery , with black and light green lining , which was applied to most freight designs of the LSWR . Gilt lettering and numbering was located on the water tank sides and cabside respectively , with the letters LSW . Post-1948 ( nationalisation ) .",
"title": "LSWR and Southern"
},
{
"text": "The class as inherited by British Railways retained the Southern livery for a short period . As overhauls took place , the class began to be turned out in unlined BR Freight Black livery . However , only ten locomotives were to see this livery , as several members were withdrawn from service and scrapped . The BR crest was placed upon the water tank sides , with the number cabside .",
"title": "LSWR and Southern"
},
{
"text": " Due to the confused nature of the original LSWR and subsequent SR numbering systems , the class was spread across several numbering bands in the BR 30xxx series . BR inherited 32 locomotives : 30160 , 30162 , 30257 to 30279 , and 30348 , 30349 . However , after the mass withdrawal of 1951 , only 30160 , 30162 , 30237 , 30258 , 30260 , 30266 , 30270 , 30274 , 30279 and 30349 remained to receive the new livery .",
"title": "LSWR and Southern"
},
{
"text": " The G6 Class was a highly localised , though useful , locomotive design that very rarely ventured off the LSWR network , even in service with the Southern Railway . The only exception was the transfer of a single example to Reading freight yard in 1941 to assist with the GWRs shortage of motive power during the Second World War . As the war progressed , a second member of the class was also transferred here and provided sterling service .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": "The class was highly successful in undertaking the tasks they were designed for , and were respected by their crews . They rarely undertook passenger work , though they did undertake banking duties between Exeter St Davids and Exeter Central on occasion , until Stroudley E1/R 0-6-2Ts took on this task in 1933 .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": " After Nationalisation , two members of the class eventually found their way into departmental service , both being allocated to Meldon Quarry in Devon . The first to undertake this role was number 30272 in June 1950 , being renumbered DS3152 . When this example was withdrawn in 1960 , 30238 replaced DS3152 under the new number of DS682 .",
"title": "Operational details"
},
{
"text": " The first withdrawal was number 348 in August 1948 , followed by a larger number of 22 by the end of 1951 . The final survivor was a 64-year-old example , number 30238 , though this locomotive was one of the last to be withdrawn as part of the Modernisation Plan in late 1962 . None of these useful locomotives have survived into preservation .",
"title": "Withdrawal"
}
] |
/wiki/Robbie_Blake#P54#0
|
Robbie Blake played for which team before Oct 1995?
|
Robbie Blake Robert James Blake ( born 4 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer and current coach at Bognor Regis Town . He began his career as a striker but was increasingly used as midfielder in the latter part of his career . He began his professional career with Darlington in 1994 and went on to make more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League playing for Bradford City , Nottingham Forest , Burnley , Birmingham City , Leeds United , Bolton Wanderers and Doncaster Rovers . Blake was the subject of many transfers throughout his career , with career total transfer fees reaching £3.6 million . Playing career . Darlington . Born in Middlesbrough , England , Blake began his professional football career at Division Three side Darlington in the 1994–95 season after signing on from the youth academy . He spent the first few seasons of his career playing at Feethams , and also was loaned out to Waterford United during the 1995–96 season , making some 68 league appearances and scoring 21 goals before the club received an offer , from then Division One side , Bradford City in March 1997 . Bradford made a £300,000 offer for the player which Darlington accepted . Bradford City . Blake quickly settled into the Bradford side and he scored eight goals in his first full season , first under Chris Kamara and then Paul Jewell . He was sent off in the final game of the 1997–98 season against Portsmouth meaning he was suspended for the start of the following season . But he forced his way back into the team and scored in his first game back in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield United . He and new signing Lee Mills forged a lethal partnership in attack sharing 40 goals . Blake scored 16 goals as City won promotion to the Premiership . Blake scored the winning goal in the final game against Wolverhampton Wanderers of the 1998–99 season to see his side finish the season as league runners-up . However the following season was harder for Blake and he struggled to make an impact in the Premiership , starting just 15 games for Bradford , with a further 12 played as a substitute . The next season at Valley Parade began much differently for Blake after being sent on loan to the Division One side Nottingham Forest for two months , scoring once against Barnsley . Following his 2-month loan spell at Forest he returned to Bradford where he finished the season with four goals from his 14 starts in the 2000–01 season with Bradford ultimately being relegated to Division One . During the summer of 2001 former loan club Nottingham Forest made an undisclosed bid for the player which was rejected . Following the failed transfer bid Forest manager David Platt said ; The offer was turned down , and as no further finance is available , we must assume the deal is dead – David Platt This was not the last transfer offer Bradford would receive as just a few months later on 25 January 2002 the club received a £1 million transfer bid from fellow Division One side Burnley and , due to Bradfords poor financial status , the club had no option but to sell the player . Burnley . Blake signed a three-year contract with the Clarets but did not feature much in the remaining six months of the season due to a hernia injury . In his second season at Burnley Blake was the clubs top scorer with 22 goals in all competitions from 46 games . That summer , long time Burnley manager Stan Ternent left the club and was replaced by Steve Cotterill and under the new manager Blake continued his prolific goal scoring with 13 goals in the run up to the January transfer window . When the transfer window opened Blake was subject of multiple bids by Premiership clubs , all of which were rejected ( at first ) . Several bids were made by Wigan Athletic who had offers of £500,000 and £600,000 rejected . Following the failed bids Wigan manager Paul Jewell said ; The position is that we made an offer for him and its been turned down , its as simple as that – Paul Jewell Wigan later made a third for the player , a revised figure of £700,000 . Again the Burnley board turned down this offer and no further bids were made by the Latics . In his final game of his first spell at Burnley he scored what is possibly the best goal of his Burnley career leathering in a stunning free kick from 35 yards in a local derby against Preston North End . Eventually a successful bid of £1.25 million was made by Birmingham City and Blake once again had a chance to prove himself in the top league . Birmingham City . Blake made his debut for Birmingham in the FA Cup against Leeds United on 8 January 2005 as a second-half substitute . Blake was confident that he could push for a starting place at Birmingham saying : Clinton Morrison and Emile Heskey have done fantastically well , but hopefully I can push them for a place . I can play in a few positions , behind the strikers or dropping deep , and that gives the gaffer some selections to think about . I thought if anything a bottom four team in the Premiership would come in for me but Birmingham , with the quality of players they have , was an even bigger bonus . – Robbie Blake In an interview with BBC Sport . Blakes hopes did not materialise , he went on to play just 11 games for the club and only scored two goals . During the summer of that year Birmingham confirmed that they had received an offer from Leeds United for Blake : We have had an offer from Leeds for Robbie Blake . We are considering it and talks are ongoing . Robbie has done very well for us , but he feels he wants to play more and at Leeds he would probably play every week – Steve Bruce Blake did not travel with his teammates on the pre-season tour as he was still in negotiations with Leeds and he was eventually signed for £800,000 . Leeds United . Blake signed a three-year deal at Elland Road and commented that although moving to Leeds was stepping back a division he was looking forward to winning promotion with his new club ; Its a step back in terms of divisions but hopefully I can get back into the Premier League with Leeds . With the quality of players we have got , Im sure there will be no end of goals going in . – Robbie Blake He made his debut for the club alongside Northern Ireland striker David Healy in the first match of the 2005–06 season against Millwall and scored his first goal just two days later in the Championship match against Cardiff City at Ninian Park . He went on to make 31 starts for Leeds and finished the season with 11 goals . Blake was one of six strikers at Leeds and was not a first team regular until the second season when Dennis Wise was appointed manager following Kevin Blackwells departure . Blake did manage eight goals in the 2006–07 season but this was not enough to save Leeds from relegation after the club filed for administration and suffered a 10-point deduction . Following their relegation to the Football League One Leeds struggled to hang on to their players with the likes of David Healy , Richard Cresswell , Neil Sullivan and Kevin Nicholls all leaving the club . Blake soon followed when he was re-signed by Burnley for a fee of £250,000 on 13 July 2007 and signed a three-year deal . A number of clauses on the sale meant the total transfer fee would rise to £350,000 after 40 games and also included a further payment if Burnley were to be promoted . Return to Burnley . With Blake back at his old club , manager Steve Cotterill revealed that Blake felt he had unfinished business with the club and that the player needed no persuasion to sign the deal . Burnley director Brendan Flood also revealed that Burnley had been working on a deal for a couple of weeks prior to the announcement : With strikers , once it gets mooted that they may be on the move , it invites others to join the hunt . Being able to keep it under wraps is therefore vital , otherwise you get competitive bids coming and the price spirals . Robbie is a proven entertainer and one of the top strikers in the Championship and we know he is always going to score goals . But the really important factor is that he is happy and keen to play for Burnley . – Brendan Flood Blake made his return debut for the club on 11 August 2007 in the opening fixture of the 2007–08 Football League Championship season against West Bromwich Albion which Burnley won 2–1 . He then scored the first goal of his second spell with the Clarets against in the League Cup game against Oldham Athletic . He was heavily praised by both his and other managers as well as the press for his excellent form at the start of the 2007–2008 season , most notably for his performance in the 1–1 draw against Crystal Palace just days after the birth of his daughter Mia . Blake finished the season with 10 goals and 14 assists in 43 matches . Blake came close to helping Burnley into the 2009 League Cup final by scoring one goal and making two more in the second leg of the sides semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur . The goals put Burnley just two minutes away from the final , before Tottenham scored twice in the final two minutes to reach the final on aggregate . Blake returned to the top flight once again in May 2009 , this time with Burnley after Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 in the play-off final at Wembley . A match which Blake played in . Blake scored his first Premier League goal since 2005 on 19 August 2009 against the defending Premier League champions Manchester United , in a 1–0 win . This was Burnleys first home game in the top flight of English football for 33 years . Bolton Wanderers . On 30 June 2010 , it was announced that he had signed for Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer and would officially join the club a day later . He made his debut for Wanderers in their 3–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 21 August and scored his first goal for the club eight days later in the home game against former employers Birmingham City with a free kick that earned Bolton a 2–2 draw . As the season drew on , Blake became less and less involved in the first team and several clubs showed interest in signing him on loan , but the player decided to stay and fight for his first team place . At the end of the season , the club decided to take up the option on extending his contract for another year . However , at the end of the following season , following Boltons relegation from the Premier League , Blake was released . He made only three appearances in his second season with only one of them in the league , on the opening day of the season . Doncaster Rovers . On 27 June 2012 , it was announced that Blake had signed a one-year deal for Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . After two League Cup starts and several appearances from the bench , he scored his first goal for Rovers on 1 December 2012 in an FA Cup game at Oldham Athletic . With no appearances since January , Blakes contract was terminated by mutual consent on 25 March 2013 , with him having scored once in 14 appearances for the club . Team Northumbria . On 2 November 2013 , it was announced that Blake had signed for Team Northumbria who are in the Division One of the Northern League on a free transfer . Coaching . In September 2015 , Blake joined the backroom staff at Portsmouth as a coach . On 23 May 2018 , it was announced that Blake had joined Bognor Regis Town as First Team Coach . Honours . As a player . Bradford City - First Division ( level 2 ) runner-up : 1998–99 Burnley - Championship ( level 2 ) play-off winners : 2008–09 Leeds United - Championship ( level 2 ) play-off runner up : 2005–06 External links . - Robbie Blake profile at burnleyfootballclub.com - Robbie Blake profile at bradfordcityfc.co.uk
|
[
"Darlington"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert James Blake ( born 4 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer and current coach at Bognor Regis Town . He began his career as a striker but was increasingly used as midfielder in the latter part of his career .",
"title": "Robbie Blake"
},
{
"text": "He began his professional career with Darlington in 1994 and went on to make more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League playing for Bradford City , Nottingham Forest , Burnley , Birmingham City , Leeds United , Bolton Wanderers and Doncaster Rovers . Blake was the subject of many transfers throughout his career , with career total transfer fees reaching £3.6 million .",
"title": "Robbie Blake"
},
{
"text": " Born in Middlesbrough , England , Blake began his professional football career at Division Three side Darlington in the 1994–95 season after signing on from the youth academy . He spent the first few seasons of his career playing at Feethams , and also was loaned out to Waterford United during the 1995–96 season , making some 68 league appearances and scoring 21 goals before the club received an offer , from then Division One side , Bradford City in March 1997 . Bradford made a £300,000 offer for the player which Darlington accepted .",
"title": "Darlington"
},
{
"text": "Blake quickly settled into the Bradford side and he scored eight goals in his first full season , first under Chris Kamara and then Paul Jewell . He was sent off in the final game of the 1997–98 season against Portsmouth meaning he was suspended for the start of the following season . But he forced his way back into the team and scored in his first game back in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield United . He and new signing Lee Mills forged a lethal partnership in attack sharing 40 goals . Blake scored 16 goals as City won",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "promotion to the Premiership . Blake scored the winning goal in the final game against Wolverhampton Wanderers of the 1998–99 season to see his side finish the season as league runners-up .",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "However the following season was harder for Blake and he struggled to make an impact in the Premiership , starting just 15 games for Bradford , with a further 12 played as a substitute . The next season at Valley Parade began much differently for Blake after being sent on loan to the Division One side Nottingham Forest for two months , scoring once against Barnsley . Following his 2-month loan spell at Forest he returned to Bradford where he finished the season with four goals from his 14 starts in the 2000–01 season with Bradford ultimately being relegated to",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "Division One . During the summer of 2001 former loan club Nottingham Forest made an undisclosed bid for the player which was rejected . Following the failed transfer bid Forest manager David Platt said ;",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": " The offer was turned down , and as no further finance is available , we must assume the deal is dead – David Platt This was not the last transfer offer Bradford would receive as just a few months later on 25 January 2002 the club received a £1 million transfer bid from fellow Division One side Burnley and , due to Bradfords poor financial status , the club had no option but to sell the player .",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "Blake signed a three-year contract with the Clarets but did not feature much in the remaining six months of the season due to a hernia injury . In his second season at Burnley Blake was the clubs top scorer with 22 goals in all competitions from 46 games . That summer , long time Burnley manager Stan Ternent left the club and was replaced by Steve Cotterill and under the new manager Blake continued his prolific goal scoring with 13 goals in the run up to the January transfer window . When the transfer window opened Blake was subject of",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": "multiple bids by Premiership clubs , all of which were rejected ( at first ) . Several bids were made by Wigan Athletic who had offers of £500,000 and £600,000 rejected . Following the failed bids Wigan manager Paul Jewell said ;",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": " The position is that we made an offer for him and its been turned down , its as simple as that – Paul Jewell",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Wigan later made a third for the player , a revised figure of £700,000 . Again the Burnley board turned down this offer and no further bids were made by the Latics . In his final game of his first spell at Burnley he scored what is possibly the best goal of his Burnley career leathering in a stunning free kick from 35 yards in a local derby against Preston North End . Eventually a successful bid of £1.25 million was made by Birmingham City and Blake once again had a chance to prove himself in the top league .",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": " Blake made his debut for Birmingham in the FA Cup against Leeds United on 8 January 2005 as a second-half substitute . Blake was confident that he could push for a starting place at Birmingham saying :",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": "Clinton Morrison and Emile Heskey have done fantastically well , but hopefully I can push them for a place . I can play in a few positions , behind the strikers or dropping deep , and that gives the gaffer some selections to think about . I thought if anything a bottom four team in the Premiership would come in for me but Birmingham , with the quality of players they have , was an even bigger bonus . – Robbie Blake",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": " In an interview with BBC Sport . Blakes hopes did not materialise , he went on to play just 11 games for the club and only scored two goals . During the summer of that year Birmingham confirmed that they had received an offer from Leeds United for Blake : We have had an offer from Leeds for Robbie Blake . We are considering it and talks are ongoing . Robbie has done very well for us , but he feels he wants to play more and at Leeds he would probably play every week – Steve Bruce",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": "Blake did not travel with his teammates on the pre-season tour as he was still in negotiations with Leeds and he was eventually signed for £800,000 .",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": " Blake signed a three-year deal at Elland Road and commented that although moving to Leeds was stepping back a division he was looking forward to winning promotion with his new club ; Its a step back in terms of divisions but hopefully I can get back into the Premier League with Leeds . With the quality of players we have got , Im sure there will be no end of goals going in . – Robbie Blake",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "He made his debut for the club alongside Northern Ireland striker David Healy in the first match of the 2005–06 season against Millwall and scored his first goal just two days later in the Championship match against Cardiff City at Ninian Park . He went on to make 31 starts for Leeds and finished the season with 11 goals .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": " Blake was one of six strikers at Leeds and was not a first team regular until the second season when Dennis Wise was appointed manager following Kevin Blackwells departure . Blake did manage eight goals in the 2006–07 season but this was not enough to save Leeds from relegation after the club filed for administration and suffered a 10-point deduction . Following their relegation to the Football League One Leeds struggled to hang on to their players with the likes of David Healy , Richard Cresswell , Neil Sullivan and Kevin Nicholls all leaving the club .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Blake soon followed when he was re-signed by Burnley for a fee of £250,000 on 13 July 2007 and signed a three-year deal . A number of clauses on the sale meant the total transfer fee would rise to £350,000 after 40 games and also included a further payment if Burnley were to be promoted .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": " With Blake back at his old club , manager Steve Cotterill revealed that Blake felt he had unfinished business with the club and that the player needed no persuasion to sign the deal . Burnley director Brendan Flood also revealed that Burnley had been working on a deal for a couple of weeks prior to the announcement :",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "With strikers , once it gets mooted that they may be on the move , it invites others to join the hunt . Being able to keep it under wraps is therefore vital , otherwise you get competitive bids coming and the price spirals . Robbie is a proven entertainer and one of the top strikers in the Championship and we know he is always going to score goals . But the really important factor is that he is happy and keen to play for Burnley . – Brendan Flood",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Blake made his return debut for the club on 11 August 2007 in the opening fixture of the 2007–08 Football League Championship season against West Bromwich Albion which Burnley won 2–1 . He then scored the first goal of his second spell with the Clarets against in the League Cup game against Oldham Athletic . He was heavily praised by both his and other managers as well as the press for his excellent form at the start of the 2007–2008 season , most notably for his performance in the 1–1 draw against Crystal Palace just days after the birth of",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "his daughter Mia . Blake finished the season with 10 goals and 14 assists in 43 matches .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": " Blake came close to helping Burnley into the 2009 League Cup final by scoring one goal and making two more in the second leg of the sides semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur . The goals put Burnley just two minutes away from the final , before Tottenham scored twice in the final two minutes to reach the final on aggregate .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Blake returned to the top flight once again in May 2009 , this time with Burnley after Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 in the play-off final at Wembley . A match which Blake played in . Blake scored his first Premier League goal since 2005 on 19 August 2009 against the defending Premier League champions Manchester United , in a 1–0 win . This was Burnleys first home game in the top flight of English football for 33 years .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "On 30 June 2010 , it was announced that he had signed for Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer and would officially join the club a day later . He made his debut for Wanderers in their 3–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 21 August and scored his first goal for the club eight days later in the home game against former employers Birmingham City with a free kick that earned Bolton a 2–2 draw . As the season drew on , Blake became less and less involved in the first team and several clubs showed",
"title": "Bolton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": "interest in signing him on loan , but the player decided to stay and fight for his first team place . At the end of the season , the club decided to take up the option on extending his contract for another year . However , at the end of the following season , following Boltons relegation from the Premier League , Blake was released . He made only three appearances in his second season with only one of them in the league , on the opening day of the season .",
"title": "Bolton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " On 27 June 2012 , it was announced that Blake had signed a one-year deal for Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . After two League Cup starts and several appearances from the bench , he scored his first goal for Rovers on 1 December 2012 in an FA Cup game at Oldham Athletic . With no appearances since January , Blakes contract was terminated by mutual consent on 25 March 2013 , with him having scored once in 14 appearances for the club .",
"title": "Doncaster Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 2 November 2013 , it was announced that Blake had signed for Team Northumbria who are in the Division One of the Northern League on a free transfer .",
"title": "Team Northumbria"
},
{
"text": " In September 2015 , Blake joined the backroom staff at Portsmouth as a coach . On 23 May 2018 , it was announced that Blake had joined Bognor Regis Town as First Team Coach .",
"title": "Coaching"
},
{
"text": " - Robbie Blake profile at burnleyfootballclub.com - Robbie Blake profile at bradfordcityfc.co.uk",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Robbie_Blake#P54#1
|
Robbie Blake played for which team in Jul 1997?
|
Robbie Blake Robert James Blake ( born 4 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer and current coach at Bognor Regis Town . He began his career as a striker but was increasingly used as midfielder in the latter part of his career . He began his professional career with Darlington in 1994 and went on to make more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League playing for Bradford City , Nottingham Forest , Burnley , Birmingham City , Leeds United , Bolton Wanderers and Doncaster Rovers . Blake was the subject of many transfers throughout his career , with career total transfer fees reaching £3.6 million . Playing career . Darlington . Born in Middlesbrough , England , Blake began his professional football career at Division Three side Darlington in the 1994–95 season after signing on from the youth academy . He spent the first few seasons of his career playing at Feethams , and also was loaned out to Waterford United during the 1995–96 season , making some 68 league appearances and scoring 21 goals before the club received an offer , from then Division One side , Bradford City in March 1997 . Bradford made a £300,000 offer for the player which Darlington accepted . Bradford City . Blake quickly settled into the Bradford side and he scored eight goals in his first full season , first under Chris Kamara and then Paul Jewell . He was sent off in the final game of the 1997–98 season against Portsmouth meaning he was suspended for the start of the following season . But he forced his way back into the team and scored in his first game back in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield United . He and new signing Lee Mills forged a lethal partnership in attack sharing 40 goals . Blake scored 16 goals as City won promotion to the Premiership . Blake scored the winning goal in the final game against Wolverhampton Wanderers of the 1998–99 season to see his side finish the season as league runners-up . However the following season was harder for Blake and he struggled to make an impact in the Premiership , starting just 15 games for Bradford , with a further 12 played as a substitute . The next season at Valley Parade began much differently for Blake after being sent on loan to the Division One side Nottingham Forest for two months , scoring once against Barnsley . Following his 2-month loan spell at Forest he returned to Bradford where he finished the season with four goals from his 14 starts in the 2000–01 season with Bradford ultimately being relegated to Division One . During the summer of 2001 former loan club Nottingham Forest made an undisclosed bid for the player which was rejected . Following the failed transfer bid Forest manager David Platt said ; The offer was turned down , and as no further finance is available , we must assume the deal is dead – David Platt This was not the last transfer offer Bradford would receive as just a few months later on 25 January 2002 the club received a £1 million transfer bid from fellow Division One side Burnley and , due to Bradfords poor financial status , the club had no option but to sell the player . Burnley . Blake signed a three-year contract with the Clarets but did not feature much in the remaining six months of the season due to a hernia injury . In his second season at Burnley Blake was the clubs top scorer with 22 goals in all competitions from 46 games . That summer , long time Burnley manager Stan Ternent left the club and was replaced by Steve Cotterill and under the new manager Blake continued his prolific goal scoring with 13 goals in the run up to the January transfer window . When the transfer window opened Blake was subject of multiple bids by Premiership clubs , all of which were rejected ( at first ) . Several bids were made by Wigan Athletic who had offers of £500,000 and £600,000 rejected . Following the failed bids Wigan manager Paul Jewell said ; The position is that we made an offer for him and its been turned down , its as simple as that – Paul Jewell Wigan later made a third for the player , a revised figure of £700,000 . Again the Burnley board turned down this offer and no further bids were made by the Latics . In his final game of his first spell at Burnley he scored what is possibly the best goal of his Burnley career leathering in a stunning free kick from 35 yards in a local derby against Preston North End . Eventually a successful bid of £1.25 million was made by Birmingham City and Blake once again had a chance to prove himself in the top league . Birmingham City . Blake made his debut for Birmingham in the FA Cup against Leeds United on 8 January 2005 as a second-half substitute . Blake was confident that he could push for a starting place at Birmingham saying : Clinton Morrison and Emile Heskey have done fantastically well , but hopefully I can push them for a place . I can play in a few positions , behind the strikers or dropping deep , and that gives the gaffer some selections to think about . I thought if anything a bottom four team in the Premiership would come in for me but Birmingham , with the quality of players they have , was an even bigger bonus . – Robbie Blake In an interview with BBC Sport . Blakes hopes did not materialise , he went on to play just 11 games for the club and only scored two goals . During the summer of that year Birmingham confirmed that they had received an offer from Leeds United for Blake : We have had an offer from Leeds for Robbie Blake . We are considering it and talks are ongoing . Robbie has done very well for us , but he feels he wants to play more and at Leeds he would probably play every week – Steve Bruce Blake did not travel with his teammates on the pre-season tour as he was still in negotiations with Leeds and he was eventually signed for £800,000 . Leeds United . Blake signed a three-year deal at Elland Road and commented that although moving to Leeds was stepping back a division he was looking forward to winning promotion with his new club ; Its a step back in terms of divisions but hopefully I can get back into the Premier League with Leeds . With the quality of players we have got , Im sure there will be no end of goals going in . – Robbie Blake He made his debut for the club alongside Northern Ireland striker David Healy in the first match of the 2005–06 season against Millwall and scored his first goal just two days later in the Championship match against Cardiff City at Ninian Park . He went on to make 31 starts for Leeds and finished the season with 11 goals . Blake was one of six strikers at Leeds and was not a first team regular until the second season when Dennis Wise was appointed manager following Kevin Blackwells departure . Blake did manage eight goals in the 2006–07 season but this was not enough to save Leeds from relegation after the club filed for administration and suffered a 10-point deduction . Following their relegation to the Football League One Leeds struggled to hang on to their players with the likes of David Healy , Richard Cresswell , Neil Sullivan and Kevin Nicholls all leaving the club . Blake soon followed when he was re-signed by Burnley for a fee of £250,000 on 13 July 2007 and signed a three-year deal . A number of clauses on the sale meant the total transfer fee would rise to £350,000 after 40 games and also included a further payment if Burnley were to be promoted . Return to Burnley . With Blake back at his old club , manager Steve Cotterill revealed that Blake felt he had unfinished business with the club and that the player needed no persuasion to sign the deal . Burnley director Brendan Flood also revealed that Burnley had been working on a deal for a couple of weeks prior to the announcement : With strikers , once it gets mooted that they may be on the move , it invites others to join the hunt . Being able to keep it under wraps is therefore vital , otherwise you get competitive bids coming and the price spirals . Robbie is a proven entertainer and one of the top strikers in the Championship and we know he is always going to score goals . But the really important factor is that he is happy and keen to play for Burnley . – Brendan Flood Blake made his return debut for the club on 11 August 2007 in the opening fixture of the 2007–08 Football League Championship season against West Bromwich Albion which Burnley won 2–1 . He then scored the first goal of his second spell with the Clarets against in the League Cup game against Oldham Athletic . He was heavily praised by both his and other managers as well as the press for his excellent form at the start of the 2007–2008 season , most notably for his performance in the 1–1 draw against Crystal Palace just days after the birth of his daughter Mia . Blake finished the season with 10 goals and 14 assists in 43 matches . Blake came close to helping Burnley into the 2009 League Cup final by scoring one goal and making two more in the second leg of the sides semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur . The goals put Burnley just two minutes away from the final , before Tottenham scored twice in the final two minutes to reach the final on aggregate . Blake returned to the top flight once again in May 2009 , this time with Burnley after Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 in the play-off final at Wembley . A match which Blake played in . Blake scored his first Premier League goal since 2005 on 19 August 2009 against the defending Premier League champions Manchester United , in a 1–0 win . This was Burnleys first home game in the top flight of English football for 33 years . Bolton Wanderers . On 30 June 2010 , it was announced that he had signed for Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer and would officially join the club a day later . He made his debut for Wanderers in their 3–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 21 August and scored his first goal for the club eight days later in the home game against former employers Birmingham City with a free kick that earned Bolton a 2–2 draw . As the season drew on , Blake became less and less involved in the first team and several clubs showed interest in signing him on loan , but the player decided to stay and fight for his first team place . At the end of the season , the club decided to take up the option on extending his contract for another year . However , at the end of the following season , following Boltons relegation from the Premier League , Blake was released . He made only three appearances in his second season with only one of them in the league , on the opening day of the season . Doncaster Rovers . On 27 June 2012 , it was announced that Blake had signed a one-year deal for Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . After two League Cup starts and several appearances from the bench , he scored his first goal for Rovers on 1 December 2012 in an FA Cup game at Oldham Athletic . With no appearances since January , Blakes contract was terminated by mutual consent on 25 March 2013 , with him having scored once in 14 appearances for the club . Team Northumbria . On 2 November 2013 , it was announced that Blake had signed for Team Northumbria who are in the Division One of the Northern League on a free transfer . Coaching . In September 2015 , Blake joined the backroom staff at Portsmouth as a coach . On 23 May 2018 , it was announced that Blake had joined Bognor Regis Town as First Team Coach . Honours . As a player . Bradford City - First Division ( level 2 ) runner-up : 1998–99 Burnley - Championship ( level 2 ) play-off winners : 2008–09 Leeds United - Championship ( level 2 ) play-off runner up : 2005–06 External links . - Robbie Blake profile at burnleyfootballclub.com - Robbie Blake profile at bradfordcityfc.co.uk
|
[
"Bradford City"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert James Blake ( born 4 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer and current coach at Bognor Regis Town . He began his career as a striker but was increasingly used as midfielder in the latter part of his career .",
"title": "Robbie Blake"
},
{
"text": "He began his professional career with Darlington in 1994 and went on to make more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League playing for Bradford City , Nottingham Forest , Burnley , Birmingham City , Leeds United , Bolton Wanderers and Doncaster Rovers . Blake was the subject of many transfers throughout his career , with career total transfer fees reaching £3.6 million .",
"title": "Robbie Blake"
},
{
"text": " Born in Middlesbrough , England , Blake began his professional football career at Division Three side Darlington in the 1994–95 season after signing on from the youth academy . He spent the first few seasons of his career playing at Feethams , and also was loaned out to Waterford United during the 1995–96 season , making some 68 league appearances and scoring 21 goals before the club received an offer , from then Division One side , Bradford City in March 1997 . Bradford made a £300,000 offer for the player which Darlington accepted .",
"title": "Darlington"
},
{
"text": "Blake quickly settled into the Bradford side and he scored eight goals in his first full season , first under Chris Kamara and then Paul Jewell . He was sent off in the final game of the 1997–98 season against Portsmouth meaning he was suspended for the start of the following season . But he forced his way back into the team and scored in his first game back in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield United . He and new signing Lee Mills forged a lethal partnership in attack sharing 40 goals . Blake scored 16 goals as City won",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "promotion to the Premiership . Blake scored the winning goal in the final game against Wolverhampton Wanderers of the 1998–99 season to see his side finish the season as league runners-up .",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "However the following season was harder for Blake and he struggled to make an impact in the Premiership , starting just 15 games for Bradford , with a further 12 played as a substitute . The next season at Valley Parade began much differently for Blake after being sent on loan to the Division One side Nottingham Forest for two months , scoring once against Barnsley . Following his 2-month loan spell at Forest he returned to Bradford where he finished the season with four goals from his 14 starts in the 2000–01 season with Bradford ultimately being relegated to",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "Division One . During the summer of 2001 former loan club Nottingham Forest made an undisclosed bid for the player which was rejected . Following the failed transfer bid Forest manager David Platt said ;",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": " The offer was turned down , and as no further finance is available , we must assume the deal is dead – David Platt This was not the last transfer offer Bradford would receive as just a few months later on 25 January 2002 the club received a £1 million transfer bid from fellow Division One side Burnley and , due to Bradfords poor financial status , the club had no option but to sell the player .",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "Blake signed a three-year contract with the Clarets but did not feature much in the remaining six months of the season due to a hernia injury . In his second season at Burnley Blake was the clubs top scorer with 22 goals in all competitions from 46 games . That summer , long time Burnley manager Stan Ternent left the club and was replaced by Steve Cotterill and under the new manager Blake continued his prolific goal scoring with 13 goals in the run up to the January transfer window . When the transfer window opened Blake was subject of",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": "multiple bids by Premiership clubs , all of which were rejected ( at first ) . Several bids were made by Wigan Athletic who had offers of £500,000 and £600,000 rejected . Following the failed bids Wigan manager Paul Jewell said ;",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": " The position is that we made an offer for him and its been turned down , its as simple as that – Paul Jewell",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Wigan later made a third for the player , a revised figure of £700,000 . Again the Burnley board turned down this offer and no further bids were made by the Latics . In his final game of his first spell at Burnley he scored what is possibly the best goal of his Burnley career leathering in a stunning free kick from 35 yards in a local derby against Preston North End . Eventually a successful bid of £1.25 million was made by Birmingham City and Blake once again had a chance to prove himself in the top league .",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": " Blake made his debut for Birmingham in the FA Cup against Leeds United on 8 January 2005 as a second-half substitute . Blake was confident that he could push for a starting place at Birmingham saying :",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": "Clinton Morrison and Emile Heskey have done fantastically well , but hopefully I can push them for a place . I can play in a few positions , behind the strikers or dropping deep , and that gives the gaffer some selections to think about . I thought if anything a bottom four team in the Premiership would come in for me but Birmingham , with the quality of players they have , was an even bigger bonus . – Robbie Blake",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": " In an interview with BBC Sport . Blakes hopes did not materialise , he went on to play just 11 games for the club and only scored two goals . During the summer of that year Birmingham confirmed that they had received an offer from Leeds United for Blake : We have had an offer from Leeds for Robbie Blake . We are considering it and talks are ongoing . Robbie has done very well for us , but he feels he wants to play more and at Leeds he would probably play every week – Steve Bruce",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": "Blake did not travel with his teammates on the pre-season tour as he was still in negotiations with Leeds and he was eventually signed for £800,000 .",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": " Blake signed a three-year deal at Elland Road and commented that although moving to Leeds was stepping back a division he was looking forward to winning promotion with his new club ; Its a step back in terms of divisions but hopefully I can get back into the Premier League with Leeds . With the quality of players we have got , Im sure there will be no end of goals going in . – Robbie Blake",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "He made his debut for the club alongside Northern Ireland striker David Healy in the first match of the 2005–06 season against Millwall and scored his first goal just two days later in the Championship match against Cardiff City at Ninian Park . He went on to make 31 starts for Leeds and finished the season with 11 goals .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": " Blake was one of six strikers at Leeds and was not a first team regular until the second season when Dennis Wise was appointed manager following Kevin Blackwells departure . Blake did manage eight goals in the 2006–07 season but this was not enough to save Leeds from relegation after the club filed for administration and suffered a 10-point deduction . Following their relegation to the Football League One Leeds struggled to hang on to their players with the likes of David Healy , Richard Cresswell , Neil Sullivan and Kevin Nicholls all leaving the club .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Blake soon followed when he was re-signed by Burnley for a fee of £250,000 on 13 July 2007 and signed a three-year deal . A number of clauses on the sale meant the total transfer fee would rise to £350,000 after 40 games and also included a further payment if Burnley were to be promoted .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": " With Blake back at his old club , manager Steve Cotterill revealed that Blake felt he had unfinished business with the club and that the player needed no persuasion to sign the deal . Burnley director Brendan Flood also revealed that Burnley had been working on a deal for a couple of weeks prior to the announcement :",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "With strikers , once it gets mooted that they may be on the move , it invites others to join the hunt . Being able to keep it under wraps is therefore vital , otherwise you get competitive bids coming and the price spirals . Robbie is a proven entertainer and one of the top strikers in the Championship and we know he is always going to score goals . But the really important factor is that he is happy and keen to play for Burnley . – Brendan Flood",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Blake made his return debut for the club on 11 August 2007 in the opening fixture of the 2007–08 Football League Championship season against West Bromwich Albion which Burnley won 2–1 . He then scored the first goal of his second spell with the Clarets against in the League Cup game against Oldham Athletic . He was heavily praised by both his and other managers as well as the press for his excellent form at the start of the 2007–2008 season , most notably for his performance in the 1–1 draw against Crystal Palace just days after the birth of",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "his daughter Mia . Blake finished the season with 10 goals and 14 assists in 43 matches .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": " Blake came close to helping Burnley into the 2009 League Cup final by scoring one goal and making two more in the second leg of the sides semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur . The goals put Burnley just two minutes away from the final , before Tottenham scored twice in the final two minutes to reach the final on aggregate .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Blake returned to the top flight once again in May 2009 , this time with Burnley after Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 in the play-off final at Wembley . A match which Blake played in . Blake scored his first Premier League goal since 2005 on 19 August 2009 against the defending Premier League champions Manchester United , in a 1–0 win . This was Burnleys first home game in the top flight of English football for 33 years .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "On 30 June 2010 , it was announced that he had signed for Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer and would officially join the club a day later . He made his debut for Wanderers in their 3–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 21 August and scored his first goal for the club eight days later in the home game against former employers Birmingham City with a free kick that earned Bolton a 2–2 draw . As the season drew on , Blake became less and less involved in the first team and several clubs showed",
"title": "Bolton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": "interest in signing him on loan , but the player decided to stay and fight for his first team place . At the end of the season , the club decided to take up the option on extending his contract for another year . However , at the end of the following season , following Boltons relegation from the Premier League , Blake was released . He made only three appearances in his second season with only one of them in the league , on the opening day of the season .",
"title": "Bolton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " On 27 June 2012 , it was announced that Blake had signed a one-year deal for Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . After two League Cup starts and several appearances from the bench , he scored his first goal for Rovers on 1 December 2012 in an FA Cup game at Oldham Athletic . With no appearances since January , Blakes contract was terminated by mutual consent on 25 March 2013 , with him having scored once in 14 appearances for the club .",
"title": "Doncaster Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 2 November 2013 , it was announced that Blake had signed for Team Northumbria who are in the Division One of the Northern League on a free transfer .",
"title": "Team Northumbria"
},
{
"text": " In September 2015 , Blake joined the backroom staff at Portsmouth as a coach . On 23 May 2018 , it was announced that Blake had joined Bognor Regis Town as First Team Coach .",
"title": "Coaching"
},
{
"text": " - Robbie Blake profile at burnleyfootballclub.com - Robbie Blake profile at bradfordcityfc.co.uk",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Robbie_Blake#P54#2
|
Robbie Blake played for which team between Aug 2002 and Jul 2004?
|
Robbie Blake Robert James Blake ( born 4 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer and current coach at Bognor Regis Town . He began his career as a striker but was increasingly used as midfielder in the latter part of his career . He began his professional career with Darlington in 1994 and went on to make more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League playing for Bradford City , Nottingham Forest , Burnley , Birmingham City , Leeds United , Bolton Wanderers and Doncaster Rovers . Blake was the subject of many transfers throughout his career , with career total transfer fees reaching £3.6 million . Playing career . Darlington . Born in Middlesbrough , England , Blake began his professional football career at Division Three side Darlington in the 1994–95 season after signing on from the youth academy . He spent the first few seasons of his career playing at Feethams , and also was loaned out to Waterford United during the 1995–96 season , making some 68 league appearances and scoring 21 goals before the club received an offer , from then Division One side , Bradford City in March 1997 . Bradford made a £300,000 offer for the player which Darlington accepted . Bradford City . Blake quickly settled into the Bradford side and he scored eight goals in his first full season , first under Chris Kamara and then Paul Jewell . He was sent off in the final game of the 1997–98 season against Portsmouth meaning he was suspended for the start of the following season . But he forced his way back into the team and scored in his first game back in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield United . He and new signing Lee Mills forged a lethal partnership in attack sharing 40 goals . Blake scored 16 goals as City won promotion to the Premiership . Blake scored the winning goal in the final game against Wolverhampton Wanderers of the 1998–99 season to see his side finish the season as league runners-up . However the following season was harder for Blake and he struggled to make an impact in the Premiership , starting just 15 games for Bradford , with a further 12 played as a substitute . The next season at Valley Parade began much differently for Blake after being sent on loan to the Division One side Nottingham Forest for two months , scoring once against Barnsley . Following his 2-month loan spell at Forest he returned to Bradford where he finished the season with four goals from his 14 starts in the 2000–01 season with Bradford ultimately being relegated to Division One . During the summer of 2001 former loan club Nottingham Forest made an undisclosed bid for the player which was rejected . Following the failed transfer bid Forest manager David Platt said ; The offer was turned down , and as no further finance is available , we must assume the deal is dead – David Platt This was not the last transfer offer Bradford would receive as just a few months later on 25 January 2002 the club received a £1 million transfer bid from fellow Division One side Burnley and , due to Bradfords poor financial status , the club had no option but to sell the player . Burnley . Blake signed a three-year contract with the Clarets but did not feature much in the remaining six months of the season due to a hernia injury . In his second season at Burnley Blake was the clubs top scorer with 22 goals in all competitions from 46 games . That summer , long time Burnley manager Stan Ternent left the club and was replaced by Steve Cotterill and under the new manager Blake continued his prolific goal scoring with 13 goals in the run up to the January transfer window . When the transfer window opened Blake was subject of multiple bids by Premiership clubs , all of which were rejected ( at first ) . Several bids were made by Wigan Athletic who had offers of £500,000 and £600,000 rejected . Following the failed bids Wigan manager Paul Jewell said ; The position is that we made an offer for him and its been turned down , its as simple as that – Paul Jewell Wigan later made a third for the player , a revised figure of £700,000 . Again the Burnley board turned down this offer and no further bids were made by the Latics . In his final game of his first spell at Burnley he scored what is possibly the best goal of his Burnley career leathering in a stunning free kick from 35 yards in a local derby against Preston North End . Eventually a successful bid of £1.25 million was made by Birmingham City and Blake once again had a chance to prove himself in the top league . Birmingham City . Blake made his debut for Birmingham in the FA Cup against Leeds United on 8 January 2005 as a second-half substitute . Blake was confident that he could push for a starting place at Birmingham saying : Clinton Morrison and Emile Heskey have done fantastically well , but hopefully I can push them for a place . I can play in a few positions , behind the strikers or dropping deep , and that gives the gaffer some selections to think about . I thought if anything a bottom four team in the Premiership would come in for me but Birmingham , with the quality of players they have , was an even bigger bonus . – Robbie Blake In an interview with BBC Sport . Blakes hopes did not materialise , he went on to play just 11 games for the club and only scored two goals . During the summer of that year Birmingham confirmed that they had received an offer from Leeds United for Blake : We have had an offer from Leeds for Robbie Blake . We are considering it and talks are ongoing . Robbie has done very well for us , but he feels he wants to play more and at Leeds he would probably play every week – Steve Bruce Blake did not travel with his teammates on the pre-season tour as he was still in negotiations with Leeds and he was eventually signed for £800,000 . Leeds United . Blake signed a three-year deal at Elland Road and commented that although moving to Leeds was stepping back a division he was looking forward to winning promotion with his new club ; Its a step back in terms of divisions but hopefully I can get back into the Premier League with Leeds . With the quality of players we have got , Im sure there will be no end of goals going in . – Robbie Blake He made his debut for the club alongside Northern Ireland striker David Healy in the first match of the 2005–06 season against Millwall and scored his first goal just two days later in the Championship match against Cardiff City at Ninian Park . He went on to make 31 starts for Leeds and finished the season with 11 goals . Blake was one of six strikers at Leeds and was not a first team regular until the second season when Dennis Wise was appointed manager following Kevin Blackwells departure . Blake did manage eight goals in the 2006–07 season but this was not enough to save Leeds from relegation after the club filed for administration and suffered a 10-point deduction . Following their relegation to the Football League One Leeds struggled to hang on to their players with the likes of David Healy , Richard Cresswell , Neil Sullivan and Kevin Nicholls all leaving the club . Blake soon followed when he was re-signed by Burnley for a fee of £250,000 on 13 July 2007 and signed a three-year deal . A number of clauses on the sale meant the total transfer fee would rise to £350,000 after 40 games and also included a further payment if Burnley were to be promoted . Return to Burnley . With Blake back at his old club , manager Steve Cotterill revealed that Blake felt he had unfinished business with the club and that the player needed no persuasion to sign the deal . Burnley director Brendan Flood also revealed that Burnley had been working on a deal for a couple of weeks prior to the announcement : With strikers , once it gets mooted that they may be on the move , it invites others to join the hunt . Being able to keep it under wraps is therefore vital , otherwise you get competitive bids coming and the price spirals . Robbie is a proven entertainer and one of the top strikers in the Championship and we know he is always going to score goals . But the really important factor is that he is happy and keen to play for Burnley . – Brendan Flood Blake made his return debut for the club on 11 August 2007 in the opening fixture of the 2007–08 Football League Championship season against West Bromwich Albion which Burnley won 2–1 . He then scored the first goal of his second spell with the Clarets against in the League Cup game against Oldham Athletic . He was heavily praised by both his and other managers as well as the press for his excellent form at the start of the 2007–2008 season , most notably for his performance in the 1–1 draw against Crystal Palace just days after the birth of his daughter Mia . Blake finished the season with 10 goals and 14 assists in 43 matches . Blake came close to helping Burnley into the 2009 League Cup final by scoring one goal and making two more in the second leg of the sides semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur . The goals put Burnley just two minutes away from the final , before Tottenham scored twice in the final two minutes to reach the final on aggregate . Blake returned to the top flight once again in May 2009 , this time with Burnley after Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 in the play-off final at Wembley . A match which Blake played in . Blake scored his first Premier League goal since 2005 on 19 August 2009 against the defending Premier League champions Manchester United , in a 1–0 win . This was Burnleys first home game in the top flight of English football for 33 years . Bolton Wanderers . On 30 June 2010 , it was announced that he had signed for Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer and would officially join the club a day later . He made his debut for Wanderers in their 3–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 21 August and scored his first goal for the club eight days later in the home game against former employers Birmingham City with a free kick that earned Bolton a 2–2 draw . As the season drew on , Blake became less and less involved in the first team and several clubs showed interest in signing him on loan , but the player decided to stay and fight for his first team place . At the end of the season , the club decided to take up the option on extending his contract for another year . However , at the end of the following season , following Boltons relegation from the Premier League , Blake was released . He made only three appearances in his second season with only one of them in the league , on the opening day of the season . Doncaster Rovers . On 27 June 2012 , it was announced that Blake had signed a one-year deal for Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . After two League Cup starts and several appearances from the bench , he scored his first goal for Rovers on 1 December 2012 in an FA Cup game at Oldham Athletic . With no appearances since January , Blakes contract was terminated by mutual consent on 25 March 2013 , with him having scored once in 14 appearances for the club . Team Northumbria . On 2 November 2013 , it was announced that Blake had signed for Team Northumbria who are in the Division One of the Northern League on a free transfer . Coaching . In September 2015 , Blake joined the backroom staff at Portsmouth as a coach . On 23 May 2018 , it was announced that Blake had joined Bognor Regis Town as First Team Coach . Honours . As a player . Bradford City - First Division ( level 2 ) runner-up : 1998–99 Burnley - Championship ( level 2 ) play-off winners : 2008–09 Leeds United - Championship ( level 2 ) play-off runner up : 2005–06 External links . - Robbie Blake profile at burnleyfootballclub.com - Robbie Blake profile at bradfordcityfc.co.uk
|
[
"Burnley"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert James Blake ( born 4 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer and current coach at Bognor Regis Town . He began his career as a striker but was increasingly used as midfielder in the latter part of his career .",
"title": "Robbie Blake"
},
{
"text": "He began his professional career with Darlington in 1994 and went on to make more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League playing for Bradford City , Nottingham Forest , Burnley , Birmingham City , Leeds United , Bolton Wanderers and Doncaster Rovers . Blake was the subject of many transfers throughout his career , with career total transfer fees reaching £3.6 million .",
"title": "Robbie Blake"
},
{
"text": " Born in Middlesbrough , England , Blake began his professional football career at Division Three side Darlington in the 1994–95 season after signing on from the youth academy . He spent the first few seasons of his career playing at Feethams , and also was loaned out to Waterford United during the 1995–96 season , making some 68 league appearances and scoring 21 goals before the club received an offer , from then Division One side , Bradford City in March 1997 . Bradford made a £300,000 offer for the player which Darlington accepted .",
"title": "Darlington"
},
{
"text": "Blake quickly settled into the Bradford side and he scored eight goals in his first full season , first under Chris Kamara and then Paul Jewell . He was sent off in the final game of the 1997–98 season against Portsmouth meaning he was suspended for the start of the following season . But he forced his way back into the team and scored in his first game back in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield United . He and new signing Lee Mills forged a lethal partnership in attack sharing 40 goals . Blake scored 16 goals as City won",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "promotion to the Premiership . Blake scored the winning goal in the final game against Wolverhampton Wanderers of the 1998–99 season to see his side finish the season as league runners-up .",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "However the following season was harder for Blake and he struggled to make an impact in the Premiership , starting just 15 games for Bradford , with a further 12 played as a substitute . The next season at Valley Parade began much differently for Blake after being sent on loan to the Division One side Nottingham Forest for two months , scoring once against Barnsley . Following his 2-month loan spell at Forest he returned to Bradford where he finished the season with four goals from his 14 starts in the 2000–01 season with Bradford ultimately being relegated to",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "Division One . During the summer of 2001 former loan club Nottingham Forest made an undisclosed bid for the player which was rejected . Following the failed transfer bid Forest manager David Platt said ;",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": " The offer was turned down , and as no further finance is available , we must assume the deal is dead – David Platt This was not the last transfer offer Bradford would receive as just a few months later on 25 January 2002 the club received a £1 million transfer bid from fellow Division One side Burnley and , due to Bradfords poor financial status , the club had no option but to sell the player .",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "Blake signed a three-year contract with the Clarets but did not feature much in the remaining six months of the season due to a hernia injury . In his second season at Burnley Blake was the clubs top scorer with 22 goals in all competitions from 46 games . That summer , long time Burnley manager Stan Ternent left the club and was replaced by Steve Cotterill and under the new manager Blake continued his prolific goal scoring with 13 goals in the run up to the January transfer window . When the transfer window opened Blake was subject of",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": "multiple bids by Premiership clubs , all of which were rejected ( at first ) . Several bids were made by Wigan Athletic who had offers of £500,000 and £600,000 rejected . Following the failed bids Wigan manager Paul Jewell said ;",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": " The position is that we made an offer for him and its been turned down , its as simple as that – Paul Jewell",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Wigan later made a third for the player , a revised figure of £700,000 . Again the Burnley board turned down this offer and no further bids were made by the Latics . In his final game of his first spell at Burnley he scored what is possibly the best goal of his Burnley career leathering in a stunning free kick from 35 yards in a local derby against Preston North End . Eventually a successful bid of £1.25 million was made by Birmingham City and Blake once again had a chance to prove himself in the top league .",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": " Blake made his debut for Birmingham in the FA Cup against Leeds United on 8 January 2005 as a second-half substitute . Blake was confident that he could push for a starting place at Birmingham saying :",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": "Clinton Morrison and Emile Heskey have done fantastically well , but hopefully I can push them for a place . I can play in a few positions , behind the strikers or dropping deep , and that gives the gaffer some selections to think about . I thought if anything a bottom four team in the Premiership would come in for me but Birmingham , with the quality of players they have , was an even bigger bonus . – Robbie Blake",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": " In an interview with BBC Sport . Blakes hopes did not materialise , he went on to play just 11 games for the club and only scored two goals . During the summer of that year Birmingham confirmed that they had received an offer from Leeds United for Blake : We have had an offer from Leeds for Robbie Blake . We are considering it and talks are ongoing . Robbie has done very well for us , but he feels he wants to play more and at Leeds he would probably play every week – Steve Bruce",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": "Blake did not travel with his teammates on the pre-season tour as he was still in negotiations with Leeds and he was eventually signed for £800,000 .",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": " Blake signed a three-year deal at Elland Road and commented that although moving to Leeds was stepping back a division he was looking forward to winning promotion with his new club ; Its a step back in terms of divisions but hopefully I can get back into the Premier League with Leeds . With the quality of players we have got , Im sure there will be no end of goals going in . – Robbie Blake",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "He made his debut for the club alongside Northern Ireland striker David Healy in the first match of the 2005–06 season against Millwall and scored his first goal just two days later in the Championship match against Cardiff City at Ninian Park . He went on to make 31 starts for Leeds and finished the season with 11 goals .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": " Blake was one of six strikers at Leeds and was not a first team regular until the second season when Dennis Wise was appointed manager following Kevin Blackwells departure . Blake did manage eight goals in the 2006–07 season but this was not enough to save Leeds from relegation after the club filed for administration and suffered a 10-point deduction . Following their relegation to the Football League One Leeds struggled to hang on to their players with the likes of David Healy , Richard Cresswell , Neil Sullivan and Kevin Nicholls all leaving the club .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Blake soon followed when he was re-signed by Burnley for a fee of £250,000 on 13 July 2007 and signed a three-year deal . A number of clauses on the sale meant the total transfer fee would rise to £350,000 after 40 games and also included a further payment if Burnley were to be promoted .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": " With Blake back at his old club , manager Steve Cotterill revealed that Blake felt he had unfinished business with the club and that the player needed no persuasion to sign the deal . Burnley director Brendan Flood also revealed that Burnley had been working on a deal for a couple of weeks prior to the announcement :",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "With strikers , once it gets mooted that they may be on the move , it invites others to join the hunt . Being able to keep it under wraps is therefore vital , otherwise you get competitive bids coming and the price spirals . Robbie is a proven entertainer and one of the top strikers in the Championship and we know he is always going to score goals . But the really important factor is that he is happy and keen to play for Burnley . – Brendan Flood",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Blake made his return debut for the club on 11 August 2007 in the opening fixture of the 2007–08 Football League Championship season against West Bromwich Albion which Burnley won 2–1 . He then scored the first goal of his second spell with the Clarets against in the League Cup game against Oldham Athletic . He was heavily praised by both his and other managers as well as the press for his excellent form at the start of the 2007–2008 season , most notably for his performance in the 1–1 draw against Crystal Palace just days after the birth of",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "his daughter Mia . Blake finished the season with 10 goals and 14 assists in 43 matches .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": " Blake came close to helping Burnley into the 2009 League Cup final by scoring one goal and making two more in the second leg of the sides semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur . The goals put Burnley just two minutes away from the final , before Tottenham scored twice in the final two minutes to reach the final on aggregate .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Blake returned to the top flight once again in May 2009 , this time with Burnley after Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 in the play-off final at Wembley . A match which Blake played in . Blake scored his first Premier League goal since 2005 on 19 August 2009 against the defending Premier League champions Manchester United , in a 1–0 win . This was Burnleys first home game in the top flight of English football for 33 years .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "On 30 June 2010 , it was announced that he had signed for Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer and would officially join the club a day later . He made his debut for Wanderers in their 3–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 21 August and scored his first goal for the club eight days later in the home game against former employers Birmingham City with a free kick that earned Bolton a 2–2 draw . As the season drew on , Blake became less and less involved in the first team and several clubs showed",
"title": "Bolton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": "interest in signing him on loan , but the player decided to stay and fight for his first team place . At the end of the season , the club decided to take up the option on extending his contract for another year . However , at the end of the following season , following Boltons relegation from the Premier League , Blake was released . He made only three appearances in his second season with only one of them in the league , on the opening day of the season .",
"title": "Bolton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " On 27 June 2012 , it was announced that Blake had signed a one-year deal for Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . After two League Cup starts and several appearances from the bench , he scored his first goal for Rovers on 1 December 2012 in an FA Cup game at Oldham Athletic . With no appearances since January , Blakes contract was terminated by mutual consent on 25 March 2013 , with him having scored once in 14 appearances for the club .",
"title": "Doncaster Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 2 November 2013 , it was announced that Blake had signed for Team Northumbria who are in the Division One of the Northern League on a free transfer .",
"title": "Team Northumbria"
},
{
"text": " In September 2015 , Blake joined the backroom staff at Portsmouth as a coach . On 23 May 2018 , it was announced that Blake had joined Bognor Regis Town as First Team Coach .",
"title": "Coaching"
},
{
"text": " - Robbie Blake profile at burnleyfootballclub.com - Robbie Blake profile at bradfordcityfc.co.uk",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Robbie_Blake#P54#3
|
Robbie Blake played for which team in Oct 2005?
|
Robbie Blake Robert James Blake ( born 4 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer and current coach at Bognor Regis Town . He began his career as a striker but was increasingly used as midfielder in the latter part of his career . He began his professional career with Darlington in 1994 and went on to make more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League playing for Bradford City , Nottingham Forest , Burnley , Birmingham City , Leeds United , Bolton Wanderers and Doncaster Rovers . Blake was the subject of many transfers throughout his career , with career total transfer fees reaching £3.6 million . Playing career . Darlington . Born in Middlesbrough , England , Blake began his professional football career at Division Three side Darlington in the 1994–95 season after signing on from the youth academy . He spent the first few seasons of his career playing at Feethams , and also was loaned out to Waterford United during the 1995–96 season , making some 68 league appearances and scoring 21 goals before the club received an offer , from then Division One side , Bradford City in March 1997 . Bradford made a £300,000 offer for the player which Darlington accepted . Bradford City . Blake quickly settled into the Bradford side and he scored eight goals in his first full season , first under Chris Kamara and then Paul Jewell . He was sent off in the final game of the 1997–98 season against Portsmouth meaning he was suspended for the start of the following season . But he forced his way back into the team and scored in his first game back in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield United . He and new signing Lee Mills forged a lethal partnership in attack sharing 40 goals . Blake scored 16 goals as City won promotion to the Premiership . Blake scored the winning goal in the final game against Wolverhampton Wanderers of the 1998–99 season to see his side finish the season as league runners-up . However the following season was harder for Blake and he struggled to make an impact in the Premiership , starting just 15 games for Bradford , with a further 12 played as a substitute . The next season at Valley Parade began much differently for Blake after being sent on loan to the Division One side Nottingham Forest for two months , scoring once against Barnsley . Following his 2-month loan spell at Forest he returned to Bradford where he finished the season with four goals from his 14 starts in the 2000–01 season with Bradford ultimately being relegated to Division One . During the summer of 2001 former loan club Nottingham Forest made an undisclosed bid for the player which was rejected . Following the failed transfer bid Forest manager David Platt said ; The offer was turned down , and as no further finance is available , we must assume the deal is dead – David Platt This was not the last transfer offer Bradford would receive as just a few months later on 25 January 2002 the club received a £1 million transfer bid from fellow Division One side Burnley and , due to Bradfords poor financial status , the club had no option but to sell the player . Burnley . Blake signed a three-year contract with the Clarets but did not feature much in the remaining six months of the season due to a hernia injury . In his second season at Burnley Blake was the clubs top scorer with 22 goals in all competitions from 46 games . That summer , long time Burnley manager Stan Ternent left the club and was replaced by Steve Cotterill and under the new manager Blake continued his prolific goal scoring with 13 goals in the run up to the January transfer window . When the transfer window opened Blake was subject of multiple bids by Premiership clubs , all of which were rejected ( at first ) . Several bids were made by Wigan Athletic who had offers of £500,000 and £600,000 rejected . Following the failed bids Wigan manager Paul Jewell said ; The position is that we made an offer for him and its been turned down , its as simple as that – Paul Jewell Wigan later made a third for the player , a revised figure of £700,000 . Again the Burnley board turned down this offer and no further bids were made by the Latics . In his final game of his first spell at Burnley he scored what is possibly the best goal of his Burnley career leathering in a stunning free kick from 35 yards in a local derby against Preston North End . Eventually a successful bid of £1.25 million was made by Birmingham City and Blake once again had a chance to prove himself in the top league . Birmingham City . Blake made his debut for Birmingham in the FA Cup against Leeds United on 8 January 2005 as a second-half substitute . Blake was confident that he could push for a starting place at Birmingham saying : Clinton Morrison and Emile Heskey have done fantastically well , but hopefully I can push them for a place . I can play in a few positions , behind the strikers or dropping deep , and that gives the gaffer some selections to think about . I thought if anything a bottom four team in the Premiership would come in for me but Birmingham , with the quality of players they have , was an even bigger bonus . – Robbie Blake In an interview with BBC Sport . Blakes hopes did not materialise , he went on to play just 11 games for the club and only scored two goals . During the summer of that year Birmingham confirmed that they had received an offer from Leeds United for Blake : We have had an offer from Leeds for Robbie Blake . We are considering it and talks are ongoing . Robbie has done very well for us , but he feels he wants to play more and at Leeds he would probably play every week – Steve Bruce Blake did not travel with his teammates on the pre-season tour as he was still in negotiations with Leeds and he was eventually signed for £800,000 . Leeds United . Blake signed a three-year deal at Elland Road and commented that although moving to Leeds was stepping back a division he was looking forward to winning promotion with his new club ; Its a step back in terms of divisions but hopefully I can get back into the Premier League with Leeds . With the quality of players we have got , Im sure there will be no end of goals going in . – Robbie Blake He made his debut for the club alongside Northern Ireland striker David Healy in the first match of the 2005–06 season against Millwall and scored his first goal just two days later in the Championship match against Cardiff City at Ninian Park . He went on to make 31 starts for Leeds and finished the season with 11 goals . Blake was one of six strikers at Leeds and was not a first team regular until the second season when Dennis Wise was appointed manager following Kevin Blackwells departure . Blake did manage eight goals in the 2006–07 season but this was not enough to save Leeds from relegation after the club filed for administration and suffered a 10-point deduction . Following their relegation to the Football League One Leeds struggled to hang on to their players with the likes of David Healy , Richard Cresswell , Neil Sullivan and Kevin Nicholls all leaving the club . Blake soon followed when he was re-signed by Burnley for a fee of £250,000 on 13 July 2007 and signed a three-year deal . A number of clauses on the sale meant the total transfer fee would rise to £350,000 after 40 games and also included a further payment if Burnley were to be promoted . Return to Burnley . With Blake back at his old club , manager Steve Cotterill revealed that Blake felt he had unfinished business with the club and that the player needed no persuasion to sign the deal . Burnley director Brendan Flood also revealed that Burnley had been working on a deal for a couple of weeks prior to the announcement : With strikers , once it gets mooted that they may be on the move , it invites others to join the hunt . Being able to keep it under wraps is therefore vital , otherwise you get competitive bids coming and the price spirals . Robbie is a proven entertainer and one of the top strikers in the Championship and we know he is always going to score goals . But the really important factor is that he is happy and keen to play for Burnley . – Brendan Flood Blake made his return debut for the club on 11 August 2007 in the opening fixture of the 2007–08 Football League Championship season against West Bromwich Albion which Burnley won 2–1 . He then scored the first goal of his second spell with the Clarets against in the League Cup game against Oldham Athletic . He was heavily praised by both his and other managers as well as the press for his excellent form at the start of the 2007–2008 season , most notably for his performance in the 1–1 draw against Crystal Palace just days after the birth of his daughter Mia . Blake finished the season with 10 goals and 14 assists in 43 matches . Blake came close to helping Burnley into the 2009 League Cup final by scoring one goal and making two more in the second leg of the sides semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur . The goals put Burnley just two minutes away from the final , before Tottenham scored twice in the final two minutes to reach the final on aggregate . Blake returned to the top flight once again in May 2009 , this time with Burnley after Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 in the play-off final at Wembley . A match which Blake played in . Blake scored his first Premier League goal since 2005 on 19 August 2009 against the defending Premier League champions Manchester United , in a 1–0 win . This was Burnleys first home game in the top flight of English football for 33 years . Bolton Wanderers . On 30 June 2010 , it was announced that he had signed for Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer and would officially join the club a day later . He made his debut for Wanderers in their 3–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 21 August and scored his first goal for the club eight days later in the home game against former employers Birmingham City with a free kick that earned Bolton a 2–2 draw . As the season drew on , Blake became less and less involved in the first team and several clubs showed interest in signing him on loan , but the player decided to stay and fight for his first team place . At the end of the season , the club decided to take up the option on extending his contract for another year . However , at the end of the following season , following Boltons relegation from the Premier League , Blake was released . He made only three appearances in his second season with only one of them in the league , on the opening day of the season . Doncaster Rovers . On 27 June 2012 , it was announced that Blake had signed a one-year deal for Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . After two League Cup starts and several appearances from the bench , he scored his first goal for Rovers on 1 December 2012 in an FA Cup game at Oldham Athletic . With no appearances since January , Blakes contract was terminated by mutual consent on 25 March 2013 , with him having scored once in 14 appearances for the club . Team Northumbria . On 2 November 2013 , it was announced that Blake had signed for Team Northumbria who are in the Division One of the Northern League on a free transfer . Coaching . In September 2015 , Blake joined the backroom staff at Portsmouth as a coach . On 23 May 2018 , it was announced that Blake had joined Bognor Regis Town as First Team Coach . Honours . As a player . Bradford City - First Division ( level 2 ) runner-up : 1998–99 Burnley - Championship ( level 2 ) play-off winners : 2008–09 Leeds United - Championship ( level 2 ) play-off runner up : 2005–06 External links . - Robbie Blake profile at burnleyfootballclub.com - Robbie Blake profile at bradfordcityfc.co.uk
|
[
"Birmingham City",
"Burnley"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert James Blake ( born 4 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer and current coach at Bognor Regis Town . He began his career as a striker but was increasingly used as midfielder in the latter part of his career .",
"title": "Robbie Blake"
},
{
"text": "He began his professional career with Darlington in 1994 and went on to make more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League playing for Bradford City , Nottingham Forest , Burnley , Birmingham City , Leeds United , Bolton Wanderers and Doncaster Rovers . Blake was the subject of many transfers throughout his career , with career total transfer fees reaching £3.6 million .",
"title": "Robbie Blake"
},
{
"text": " Born in Middlesbrough , England , Blake began his professional football career at Division Three side Darlington in the 1994–95 season after signing on from the youth academy . He spent the first few seasons of his career playing at Feethams , and also was loaned out to Waterford United during the 1995–96 season , making some 68 league appearances and scoring 21 goals before the club received an offer , from then Division One side , Bradford City in March 1997 . Bradford made a £300,000 offer for the player which Darlington accepted .",
"title": "Darlington"
},
{
"text": "Blake quickly settled into the Bradford side and he scored eight goals in his first full season , first under Chris Kamara and then Paul Jewell . He was sent off in the final game of the 1997–98 season against Portsmouth meaning he was suspended for the start of the following season . But he forced his way back into the team and scored in his first game back in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield United . He and new signing Lee Mills forged a lethal partnership in attack sharing 40 goals . Blake scored 16 goals as City won",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "promotion to the Premiership . Blake scored the winning goal in the final game against Wolverhampton Wanderers of the 1998–99 season to see his side finish the season as league runners-up .",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "However the following season was harder for Blake and he struggled to make an impact in the Premiership , starting just 15 games for Bradford , with a further 12 played as a substitute . The next season at Valley Parade began much differently for Blake after being sent on loan to the Division One side Nottingham Forest for two months , scoring once against Barnsley . Following his 2-month loan spell at Forest he returned to Bradford where he finished the season with four goals from his 14 starts in the 2000–01 season with Bradford ultimately being relegated to",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "Division One . During the summer of 2001 former loan club Nottingham Forest made an undisclosed bid for the player which was rejected . Following the failed transfer bid Forest manager David Platt said ;",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": " The offer was turned down , and as no further finance is available , we must assume the deal is dead – David Platt This was not the last transfer offer Bradford would receive as just a few months later on 25 January 2002 the club received a £1 million transfer bid from fellow Division One side Burnley and , due to Bradfords poor financial status , the club had no option but to sell the player .",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "Blake signed a three-year contract with the Clarets but did not feature much in the remaining six months of the season due to a hernia injury . In his second season at Burnley Blake was the clubs top scorer with 22 goals in all competitions from 46 games . That summer , long time Burnley manager Stan Ternent left the club and was replaced by Steve Cotterill and under the new manager Blake continued his prolific goal scoring with 13 goals in the run up to the January transfer window . When the transfer window opened Blake was subject of",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": "multiple bids by Premiership clubs , all of which were rejected ( at first ) . Several bids were made by Wigan Athletic who had offers of £500,000 and £600,000 rejected . Following the failed bids Wigan manager Paul Jewell said ;",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": " The position is that we made an offer for him and its been turned down , its as simple as that – Paul Jewell",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Wigan later made a third for the player , a revised figure of £700,000 . Again the Burnley board turned down this offer and no further bids were made by the Latics . In his final game of his first spell at Burnley he scored what is possibly the best goal of his Burnley career leathering in a stunning free kick from 35 yards in a local derby against Preston North End . Eventually a successful bid of £1.25 million was made by Birmingham City and Blake once again had a chance to prove himself in the top league .",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": " Blake made his debut for Birmingham in the FA Cup against Leeds United on 8 January 2005 as a second-half substitute . Blake was confident that he could push for a starting place at Birmingham saying :",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": "Clinton Morrison and Emile Heskey have done fantastically well , but hopefully I can push them for a place . I can play in a few positions , behind the strikers or dropping deep , and that gives the gaffer some selections to think about . I thought if anything a bottom four team in the Premiership would come in for me but Birmingham , with the quality of players they have , was an even bigger bonus . – Robbie Blake",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": " In an interview with BBC Sport . Blakes hopes did not materialise , he went on to play just 11 games for the club and only scored two goals . During the summer of that year Birmingham confirmed that they had received an offer from Leeds United for Blake : We have had an offer from Leeds for Robbie Blake . We are considering it and talks are ongoing . Robbie has done very well for us , but he feels he wants to play more and at Leeds he would probably play every week – Steve Bruce",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": "Blake did not travel with his teammates on the pre-season tour as he was still in negotiations with Leeds and he was eventually signed for £800,000 .",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": " Blake signed a three-year deal at Elland Road and commented that although moving to Leeds was stepping back a division he was looking forward to winning promotion with his new club ; Its a step back in terms of divisions but hopefully I can get back into the Premier League with Leeds . With the quality of players we have got , Im sure there will be no end of goals going in . – Robbie Blake",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "He made his debut for the club alongside Northern Ireland striker David Healy in the first match of the 2005–06 season against Millwall and scored his first goal just two days later in the Championship match against Cardiff City at Ninian Park . He went on to make 31 starts for Leeds and finished the season with 11 goals .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": " Blake was one of six strikers at Leeds and was not a first team regular until the second season when Dennis Wise was appointed manager following Kevin Blackwells departure . Blake did manage eight goals in the 2006–07 season but this was not enough to save Leeds from relegation after the club filed for administration and suffered a 10-point deduction . Following their relegation to the Football League One Leeds struggled to hang on to their players with the likes of David Healy , Richard Cresswell , Neil Sullivan and Kevin Nicholls all leaving the club .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Blake soon followed when he was re-signed by Burnley for a fee of £250,000 on 13 July 2007 and signed a three-year deal . A number of clauses on the sale meant the total transfer fee would rise to £350,000 after 40 games and also included a further payment if Burnley were to be promoted .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": " With Blake back at his old club , manager Steve Cotterill revealed that Blake felt he had unfinished business with the club and that the player needed no persuasion to sign the deal . Burnley director Brendan Flood also revealed that Burnley had been working on a deal for a couple of weeks prior to the announcement :",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "With strikers , once it gets mooted that they may be on the move , it invites others to join the hunt . Being able to keep it under wraps is therefore vital , otherwise you get competitive bids coming and the price spirals . Robbie is a proven entertainer and one of the top strikers in the Championship and we know he is always going to score goals . But the really important factor is that he is happy and keen to play for Burnley . – Brendan Flood",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Blake made his return debut for the club on 11 August 2007 in the opening fixture of the 2007–08 Football League Championship season against West Bromwich Albion which Burnley won 2–1 . He then scored the first goal of his second spell with the Clarets against in the League Cup game against Oldham Athletic . He was heavily praised by both his and other managers as well as the press for his excellent form at the start of the 2007–2008 season , most notably for his performance in the 1–1 draw against Crystal Palace just days after the birth of",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "his daughter Mia . Blake finished the season with 10 goals and 14 assists in 43 matches .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": " Blake came close to helping Burnley into the 2009 League Cup final by scoring one goal and making two more in the second leg of the sides semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur . The goals put Burnley just two minutes away from the final , before Tottenham scored twice in the final two minutes to reach the final on aggregate .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Blake returned to the top flight once again in May 2009 , this time with Burnley after Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 in the play-off final at Wembley . A match which Blake played in . Blake scored his first Premier League goal since 2005 on 19 August 2009 against the defending Premier League champions Manchester United , in a 1–0 win . This was Burnleys first home game in the top flight of English football for 33 years .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "On 30 June 2010 , it was announced that he had signed for Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer and would officially join the club a day later . He made his debut for Wanderers in their 3–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 21 August and scored his first goal for the club eight days later in the home game against former employers Birmingham City with a free kick that earned Bolton a 2–2 draw . As the season drew on , Blake became less and less involved in the first team and several clubs showed",
"title": "Bolton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": "interest in signing him on loan , but the player decided to stay and fight for his first team place . At the end of the season , the club decided to take up the option on extending his contract for another year . However , at the end of the following season , following Boltons relegation from the Premier League , Blake was released . He made only three appearances in his second season with only one of them in the league , on the opening day of the season .",
"title": "Bolton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " On 27 June 2012 , it was announced that Blake had signed a one-year deal for Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . After two League Cup starts and several appearances from the bench , he scored his first goal for Rovers on 1 December 2012 in an FA Cup game at Oldham Athletic . With no appearances since January , Blakes contract was terminated by mutual consent on 25 March 2013 , with him having scored once in 14 appearances for the club .",
"title": "Doncaster Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 2 November 2013 , it was announced that Blake had signed for Team Northumbria who are in the Division One of the Northern League on a free transfer .",
"title": "Team Northumbria"
},
{
"text": " In September 2015 , Blake joined the backroom staff at Portsmouth as a coach . On 23 May 2018 , it was announced that Blake had joined Bognor Regis Town as First Team Coach .",
"title": "Coaching"
},
{
"text": " - Robbie Blake profile at burnleyfootballclub.com - Robbie Blake profile at bradfordcityfc.co.uk",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Robbie_Blake#P54#4
|
Robbie Blake played for which team in Apr 2010?
|
Robbie Blake Robert James Blake ( born 4 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer and current coach at Bognor Regis Town . He began his career as a striker but was increasingly used as midfielder in the latter part of his career . He began his professional career with Darlington in 1994 and went on to make more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League playing for Bradford City , Nottingham Forest , Burnley , Birmingham City , Leeds United , Bolton Wanderers and Doncaster Rovers . Blake was the subject of many transfers throughout his career , with career total transfer fees reaching £3.6 million . Playing career . Darlington . Born in Middlesbrough , England , Blake began his professional football career at Division Three side Darlington in the 1994–95 season after signing on from the youth academy . He spent the first few seasons of his career playing at Feethams , and also was loaned out to Waterford United during the 1995–96 season , making some 68 league appearances and scoring 21 goals before the club received an offer , from then Division One side , Bradford City in March 1997 . Bradford made a £300,000 offer for the player which Darlington accepted . Bradford City . Blake quickly settled into the Bradford side and he scored eight goals in his first full season , first under Chris Kamara and then Paul Jewell . He was sent off in the final game of the 1997–98 season against Portsmouth meaning he was suspended for the start of the following season . But he forced his way back into the team and scored in his first game back in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield United . He and new signing Lee Mills forged a lethal partnership in attack sharing 40 goals . Blake scored 16 goals as City won promotion to the Premiership . Blake scored the winning goal in the final game against Wolverhampton Wanderers of the 1998–99 season to see his side finish the season as league runners-up . However the following season was harder for Blake and he struggled to make an impact in the Premiership , starting just 15 games for Bradford , with a further 12 played as a substitute . The next season at Valley Parade began much differently for Blake after being sent on loan to the Division One side Nottingham Forest for two months , scoring once against Barnsley . Following his 2-month loan spell at Forest he returned to Bradford where he finished the season with four goals from his 14 starts in the 2000–01 season with Bradford ultimately being relegated to Division One . During the summer of 2001 former loan club Nottingham Forest made an undisclosed bid for the player which was rejected . Following the failed transfer bid Forest manager David Platt said ; The offer was turned down , and as no further finance is available , we must assume the deal is dead – David Platt This was not the last transfer offer Bradford would receive as just a few months later on 25 January 2002 the club received a £1 million transfer bid from fellow Division One side Burnley and , due to Bradfords poor financial status , the club had no option but to sell the player . Burnley . Blake signed a three-year contract with the Clarets but did not feature much in the remaining six months of the season due to a hernia injury . In his second season at Burnley Blake was the clubs top scorer with 22 goals in all competitions from 46 games . That summer , long time Burnley manager Stan Ternent left the club and was replaced by Steve Cotterill and under the new manager Blake continued his prolific goal scoring with 13 goals in the run up to the January transfer window . When the transfer window opened Blake was subject of multiple bids by Premiership clubs , all of which were rejected ( at first ) . Several bids were made by Wigan Athletic who had offers of £500,000 and £600,000 rejected . Following the failed bids Wigan manager Paul Jewell said ; The position is that we made an offer for him and its been turned down , its as simple as that – Paul Jewell Wigan later made a third for the player , a revised figure of £700,000 . Again the Burnley board turned down this offer and no further bids were made by the Latics . In his final game of his first spell at Burnley he scored what is possibly the best goal of his Burnley career leathering in a stunning free kick from 35 yards in a local derby against Preston North End . Eventually a successful bid of £1.25 million was made by Birmingham City and Blake once again had a chance to prove himself in the top league . Birmingham City . Blake made his debut for Birmingham in the FA Cup against Leeds United on 8 January 2005 as a second-half substitute . Blake was confident that he could push for a starting place at Birmingham saying : Clinton Morrison and Emile Heskey have done fantastically well , but hopefully I can push them for a place . I can play in a few positions , behind the strikers or dropping deep , and that gives the gaffer some selections to think about . I thought if anything a bottom four team in the Premiership would come in for me but Birmingham , with the quality of players they have , was an even bigger bonus . – Robbie Blake In an interview with BBC Sport . Blakes hopes did not materialise , he went on to play just 11 games for the club and only scored two goals . During the summer of that year Birmingham confirmed that they had received an offer from Leeds United for Blake : We have had an offer from Leeds for Robbie Blake . We are considering it and talks are ongoing . Robbie has done very well for us , but he feels he wants to play more and at Leeds he would probably play every week – Steve Bruce Blake did not travel with his teammates on the pre-season tour as he was still in negotiations with Leeds and he was eventually signed for £800,000 . Leeds United . Blake signed a three-year deal at Elland Road and commented that although moving to Leeds was stepping back a division he was looking forward to winning promotion with his new club ; Its a step back in terms of divisions but hopefully I can get back into the Premier League with Leeds . With the quality of players we have got , Im sure there will be no end of goals going in . – Robbie Blake He made his debut for the club alongside Northern Ireland striker David Healy in the first match of the 2005–06 season against Millwall and scored his first goal just two days later in the Championship match against Cardiff City at Ninian Park . He went on to make 31 starts for Leeds and finished the season with 11 goals . Blake was one of six strikers at Leeds and was not a first team regular until the second season when Dennis Wise was appointed manager following Kevin Blackwells departure . Blake did manage eight goals in the 2006–07 season but this was not enough to save Leeds from relegation after the club filed for administration and suffered a 10-point deduction . Following their relegation to the Football League One Leeds struggled to hang on to their players with the likes of David Healy , Richard Cresswell , Neil Sullivan and Kevin Nicholls all leaving the club . Blake soon followed when he was re-signed by Burnley for a fee of £250,000 on 13 July 2007 and signed a three-year deal . A number of clauses on the sale meant the total transfer fee would rise to £350,000 after 40 games and also included a further payment if Burnley were to be promoted . Return to Burnley . With Blake back at his old club , manager Steve Cotterill revealed that Blake felt he had unfinished business with the club and that the player needed no persuasion to sign the deal . Burnley director Brendan Flood also revealed that Burnley had been working on a deal for a couple of weeks prior to the announcement : With strikers , once it gets mooted that they may be on the move , it invites others to join the hunt . Being able to keep it under wraps is therefore vital , otherwise you get competitive bids coming and the price spirals . Robbie is a proven entertainer and one of the top strikers in the Championship and we know he is always going to score goals . But the really important factor is that he is happy and keen to play for Burnley . – Brendan Flood Blake made his return debut for the club on 11 August 2007 in the opening fixture of the 2007–08 Football League Championship season against West Bromwich Albion which Burnley won 2–1 . He then scored the first goal of his second spell with the Clarets against in the League Cup game against Oldham Athletic . He was heavily praised by both his and other managers as well as the press for his excellent form at the start of the 2007–2008 season , most notably for his performance in the 1–1 draw against Crystal Palace just days after the birth of his daughter Mia . Blake finished the season with 10 goals and 14 assists in 43 matches . Blake came close to helping Burnley into the 2009 League Cup final by scoring one goal and making two more in the second leg of the sides semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur . The goals put Burnley just two minutes away from the final , before Tottenham scored twice in the final two minutes to reach the final on aggregate . Blake returned to the top flight once again in May 2009 , this time with Burnley after Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 in the play-off final at Wembley . A match which Blake played in . Blake scored his first Premier League goal since 2005 on 19 August 2009 against the defending Premier League champions Manchester United , in a 1–0 win . This was Burnleys first home game in the top flight of English football for 33 years . Bolton Wanderers . On 30 June 2010 , it was announced that he had signed for Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer and would officially join the club a day later . He made his debut for Wanderers in their 3–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 21 August and scored his first goal for the club eight days later in the home game against former employers Birmingham City with a free kick that earned Bolton a 2–2 draw . As the season drew on , Blake became less and less involved in the first team and several clubs showed interest in signing him on loan , but the player decided to stay and fight for his first team place . At the end of the season , the club decided to take up the option on extending his contract for another year . However , at the end of the following season , following Boltons relegation from the Premier League , Blake was released . He made only three appearances in his second season with only one of them in the league , on the opening day of the season . Doncaster Rovers . On 27 June 2012 , it was announced that Blake had signed a one-year deal for Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . After two League Cup starts and several appearances from the bench , he scored his first goal for Rovers on 1 December 2012 in an FA Cup game at Oldham Athletic . With no appearances since January , Blakes contract was terminated by mutual consent on 25 March 2013 , with him having scored once in 14 appearances for the club . Team Northumbria . On 2 November 2013 , it was announced that Blake had signed for Team Northumbria who are in the Division One of the Northern League on a free transfer . Coaching . In September 2015 , Blake joined the backroom staff at Portsmouth as a coach . On 23 May 2018 , it was announced that Blake had joined Bognor Regis Town as First Team Coach . Honours . As a player . Bradford City - First Division ( level 2 ) runner-up : 1998–99 Burnley - Championship ( level 2 ) play-off winners : 2008–09 Leeds United - Championship ( level 2 ) play-off runner up : 2005–06 External links . - Robbie Blake profile at burnleyfootballclub.com - Robbie Blake profile at bradfordcityfc.co.uk
|
[
"Bolton Wanderers"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert James Blake ( born 4 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer and current coach at Bognor Regis Town . He began his career as a striker but was increasingly used as midfielder in the latter part of his career .",
"title": "Robbie Blake"
},
{
"text": "He began his professional career with Darlington in 1994 and went on to make more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League playing for Bradford City , Nottingham Forest , Burnley , Birmingham City , Leeds United , Bolton Wanderers and Doncaster Rovers . Blake was the subject of many transfers throughout his career , with career total transfer fees reaching £3.6 million .",
"title": "Robbie Blake"
},
{
"text": " Born in Middlesbrough , England , Blake began his professional football career at Division Three side Darlington in the 1994–95 season after signing on from the youth academy . He spent the first few seasons of his career playing at Feethams , and also was loaned out to Waterford United during the 1995–96 season , making some 68 league appearances and scoring 21 goals before the club received an offer , from then Division One side , Bradford City in March 1997 . Bradford made a £300,000 offer for the player which Darlington accepted .",
"title": "Darlington"
},
{
"text": "Blake quickly settled into the Bradford side and he scored eight goals in his first full season , first under Chris Kamara and then Paul Jewell . He was sent off in the final game of the 1997–98 season against Portsmouth meaning he was suspended for the start of the following season . But he forced his way back into the team and scored in his first game back in a 2–2 draw with Sheffield United . He and new signing Lee Mills forged a lethal partnership in attack sharing 40 goals . Blake scored 16 goals as City won",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "promotion to the Premiership . Blake scored the winning goal in the final game against Wolverhampton Wanderers of the 1998–99 season to see his side finish the season as league runners-up .",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "However the following season was harder for Blake and he struggled to make an impact in the Premiership , starting just 15 games for Bradford , with a further 12 played as a substitute . The next season at Valley Parade began much differently for Blake after being sent on loan to the Division One side Nottingham Forest for two months , scoring once against Barnsley . Following his 2-month loan spell at Forest he returned to Bradford where he finished the season with four goals from his 14 starts in the 2000–01 season with Bradford ultimately being relegated to",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "Division One . During the summer of 2001 former loan club Nottingham Forest made an undisclosed bid for the player which was rejected . Following the failed transfer bid Forest manager David Platt said ;",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": " The offer was turned down , and as no further finance is available , we must assume the deal is dead – David Platt This was not the last transfer offer Bradford would receive as just a few months later on 25 January 2002 the club received a £1 million transfer bid from fellow Division One side Burnley and , due to Bradfords poor financial status , the club had no option but to sell the player .",
"title": "Bradford City"
},
{
"text": "Blake signed a three-year contract with the Clarets but did not feature much in the remaining six months of the season due to a hernia injury . In his second season at Burnley Blake was the clubs top scorer with 22 goals in all competitions from 46 games . That summer , long time Burnley manager Stan Ternent left the club and was replaced by Steve Cotterill and under the new manager Blake continued his prolific goal scoring with 13 goals in the run up to the January transfer window . When the transfer window opened Blake was subject of",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": "multiple bids by Premiership clubs , all of which were rejected ( at first ) . Several bids were made by Wigan Athletic who had offers of £500,000 and £600,000 rejected . Following the failed bids Wigan manager Paul Jewell said ;",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": " The position is that we made an offer for him and its been turned down , its as simple as that – Paul Jewell",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Wigan later made a third for the player , a revised figure of £700,000 . Again the Burnley board turned down this offer and no further bids were made by the Latics . In his final game of his first spell at Burnley he scored what is possibly the best goal of his Burnley career leathering in a stunning free kick from 35 yards in a local derby against Preston North End . Eventually a successful bid of £1.25 million was made by Birmingham City and Blake once again had a chance to prove himself in the top league .",
"title": "Burnley"
},
{
"text": " Blake made his debut for Birmingham in the FA Cup against Leeds United on 8 January 2005 as a second-half substitute . Blake was confident that he could push for a starting place at Birmingham saying :",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": "Clinton Morrison and Emile Heskey have done fantastically well , but hopefully I can push them for a place . I can play in a few positions , behind the strikers or dropping deep , and that gives the gaffer some selections to think about . I thought if anything a bottom four team in the Premiership would come in for me but Birmingham , with the quality of players they have , was an even bigger bonus . – Robbie Blake",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": " In an interview with BBC Sport . Blakes hopes did not materialise , he went on to play just 11 games for the club and only scored two goals . During the summer of that year Birmingham confirmed that they had received an offer from Leeds United for Blake : We have had an offer from Leeds for Robbie Blake . We are considering it and talks are ongoing . Robbie has done very well for us , but he feels he wants to play more and at Leeds he would probably play every week – Steve Bruce",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": "Blake did not travel with his teammates on the pre-season tour as he was still in negotiations with Leeds and he was eventually signed for £800,000 .",
"title": "Birmingham City"
},
{
"text": " Blake signed a three-year deal at Elland Road and commented that although moving to Leeds was stepping back a division he was looking forward to winning promotion with his new club ; Its a step back in terms of divisions but hopefully I can get back into the Premier League with Leeds . With the quality of players we have got , Im sure there will be no end of goals going in . – Robbie Blake",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "He made his debut for the club alongside Northern Ireland striker David Healy in the first match of the 2005–06 season against Millwall and scored his first goal just two days later in the Championship match against Cardiff City at Ninian Park . He went on to make 31 starts for Leeds and finished the season with 11 goals .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": " Blake was one of six strikers at Leeds and was not a first team regular until the second season when Dennis Wise was appointed manager following Kevin Blackwells departure . Blake did manage eight goals in the 2006–07 season but this was not enough to save Leeds from relegation after the club filed for administration and suffered a 10-point deduction . Following their relegation to the Football League One Leeds struggled to hang on to their players with the likes of David Healy , Richard Cresswell , Neil Sullivan and Kevin Nicholls all leaving the club .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Blake soon followed when he was re-signed by Burnley for a fee of £250,000 on 13 July 2007 and signed a three-year deal . A number of clauses on the sale meant the total transfer fee would rise to £350,000 after 40 games and also included a further payment if Burnley were to be promoted .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": " With Blake back at his old club , manager Steve Cotterill revealed that Blake felt he had unfinished business with the club and that the player needed no persuasion to sign the deal . Burnley director Brendan Flood also revealed that Burnley had been working on a deal for a couple of weeks prior to the announcement :",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "With strikers , once it gets mooted that they may be on the move , it invites others to join the hunt . Being able to keep it under wraps is therefore vital , otherwise you get competitive bids coming and the price spirals . Robbie is a proven entertainer and one of the top strikers in the Championship and we know he is always going to score goals . But the really important factor is that he is happy and keen to play for Burnley . – Brendan Flood",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Blake made his return debut for the club on 11 August 2007 in the opening fixture of the 2007–08 Football League Championship season against West Bromwich Albion which Burnley won 2–1 . He then scored the first goal of his second spell with the Clarets against in the League Cup game against Oldham Athletic . He was heavily praised by both his and other managers as well as the press for his excellent form at the start of the 2007–2008 season , most notably for his performance in the 1–1 draw against Crystal Palace just days after the birth of",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "his daughter Mia . Blake finished the season with 10 goals and 14 assists in 43 matches .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": " Blake came close to helping Burnley into the 2009 League Cup final by scoring one goal and making two more in the second leg of the sides semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur . The goals put Burnley just two minutes away from the final , before Tottenham scored twice in the final two minutes to reach the final on aggregate .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "Blake returned to the top flight once again in May 2009 , this time with Burnley after Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 in the play-off final at Wembley . A match which Blake played in . Blake scored his first Premier League goal since 2005 on 19 August 2009 against the defending Premier League champions Manchester United , in a 1–0 win . This was Burnleys first home game in the top flight of English football for 33 years .",
"title": "Return to Burnley"
},
{
"text": "On 30 June 2010 , it was announced that he had signed for Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer and would officially join the club a day later . He made his debut for Wanderers in their 3–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 21 August and scored his first goal for the club eight days later in the home game against former employers Birmingham City with a free kick that earned Bolton a 2–2 draw . As the season drew on , Blake became less and less involved in the first team and several clubs showed",
"title": "Bolton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": "interest in signing him on loan , but the player decided to stay and fight for his first team place . At the end of the season , the club decided to take up the option on extending his contract for another year . However , at the end of the following season , following Boltons relegation from the Premier League , Blake was released . He made only three appearances in his second season with only one of them in the league , on the opening day of the season .",
"title": "Bolton Wanderers"
},
{
"text": " On 27 June 2012 , it was announced that Blake had signed a one-year deal for Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . After two League Cup starts and several appearances from the bench , he scored his first goal for Rovers on 1 December 2012 in an FA Cup game at Oldham Athletic . With no appearances since January , Blakes contract was terminated by mutual consent on 25 March 2013 , with him having scored once in 14 appearances for the club .",
"title": "Doncaster Rovers"
},
{
"text": " On 2 November 2013 , it was announced that Blake had signed for Team Northumbria who are in the Division One of the Northern League on a free transfer .",
"title": "Team Northumbria"
},
{
"text": " In September 2015 , Blake joined the backroom staff at Portsmouth as a coach . On 23 May 2018 , it was announced that Blake had joined Bognor Regis Town as First Team Coach .",
"title": "Coaching"
},
{
"text": " - Robbie Blake profile at burnleyfootballclub.com - Robbie Blake profile at bradfordcityfc.co.uk",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
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