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Pipelines are still safest way to transport energy Let's not overreact to accident in California As the National Transportation and Safety Board tries to determine the cause of a deadly explosion on a natural gas transmission line in San Bruno, Calif., in September, some industry watchers are reaching their own conclusions. Among the most popular explanations: The pipes were old. That in turn has created something of a panic. What about the thousands of miles of underground pipes that crisscross Texas, for example? A front-page story in this newspaper went so far as to call them a "hidden menace." Some are as old as the pipes in San Bruno, right? Shouldn't we get busy replacing them? The discussion is well intended. Indeed, the central question arising from the San Bruno accident, which took the lives of eight people and destroyed three dozen homes, is what can we do to make sure something like this never happens again? But in trying to answer that question, we need to keep a few things in mind. Pipelines are the safest way to transport energy — safer than rails or roads. What's more, as technology improves, they are getting safer. Over the past 20 years, while traditional measures of risk such as population, energy consumption and pipeline-ton miles have been rising, the number of pipeline incidents involving injury or death has declined 50 percent. Risks remain. But by far the biggest threat to pipeline safety is excavation damage by third parties such as utilities. The pipeline industry has moved aggressively to safeguard the public, backing laws that mandate calls to an 811 number for anyone in the U.S. planning to excavate. Still, electric utility and construction workers in Texas in separate incidents within a day of each other last summer hit pipelines, causing three deaths and nine injuries. This is not to say we should sit idly by while the NTSB carries out its investigation. So what can we do to ensure pipeline safety? First, we can better address the issue of excavation damage. We need still stronger state and federal damage-prevention measures. In some states, laws exempt excavators such as state highway departments from participating in the 811 program. In others, enforcement is weak. Second, local officials need to make better decisions about development near pipelines. San Bruno, a dense community, was a rural stretch when the pipeline that ruptured was constructed. As population grows in communities like this, land-use planning is increasingly important. Third, the pipeline industry should keep investing in technology that can reduce risk. Already, the industry uses devices known as smart pigs to detect flaws in pipeline walls, such as corrosion. Technology also has improved the accuracy of locating and marking pipelines in areas where excavation will occur. This commitment to research and development can make pipelines even safer, as indicated by the dramatic drop in serious incidents. As for old pipes, we should leave them be unless we have good reason to replace them. Old pipelines are not unlike old houses. They are safe as long as they are maintained. Indeed, the environment around pipelines poses the greatest risk. One accident is too many, and San Bruno should serve as a wake-up call. We should always be working to make pipelines safer. But let's hear from the NTSB before drawing specific lessons from the California tragedy. We stand ready to do that, working with industry, regulators, policymakers and other stakeholders to enhance the safety of the nation's natural gas delivery system. Santa is president of the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America, which is based in Washington, D.C.
What Is a Subwoofer Filter? Troy Holmes Stereo speakers are designed to optimally play at specific frequencies. Subwoofer speakers play extremely low frequencies, between 20hz and 200hz. A subwoofer filter is an electronic device that removes high frequencies from radio transmissions that are sent to subwoofer speakers. This filter is connected between the speaker and stereo receiver speaker wires. Subwoofers are designed to reproduce bass sounds with more clarity than full range speakers. Subwoofer speakers are large, thick speakers designed to play low-frequency bass. These speakers will become distorted and torn if high-frequency music is played through them. A subwoofer filter is special audio device that filters out high frequency sounds, which are above 200hz. This filter only passes low bass frequencies through the speaker wire. Subwoofers may be featured in home theater systems. Subwoofers may be featured in home theater systems. Low-frequency bass is best heard through speakers that are designed to play loud low frequencies. A subwoofer filter is often built inside a subwoofer speaker box. This filter ensures high frequencies are blocked and not transmitted into the speaker. Many modern stereo receivers have built-in subwoofer output channels. These audio receivers send only low-frequency signals to the subwoofer speaker. This ensures high-frequency tones are restricted from the speaker. The subwoofer filter uses a crossover filter that detects high-frequency music. This type of filtering device is often used in music studios to make dynamic music sounds. The crossover filter is made with electric wire that can delete high or low notes as necessary. It is important that a stereo only use one low-frequency filter. Most powered subwoofers have built-in subwoofer filters that can conflict with the crossover filter of a high-end receiver. A powered subwoofer configuration is best for cars and stereos that don't have subwoofer outputs. This ensures the stereo and speakers are not fighting over the crossover frequency. A subwoofer filter is important because it keeps the speakers clean and clear. Speakers are basically dumb components that play all frequencies sent through the speaker wire. The filter protects the speaker by ensuring higher frequencies are blocked before they can damage the equipment. There are several types of subwoofer filters available. These range from basic wire spools to more complex crossover switches. Switches typically cost more than standard filters but allow the stereo to be more precisely calibrated to match the attached speakers. Most high-end competition stereos use a crossover component configuration. You might also Like Discuss this Article Post your comments Forgot password?
Romeo And Juliet" Or "Juliet And Romeo The author makes an attempt to consider the characteristics of the modern perception of W. Shakespeare, taking into account the accumulated experience and modern tendencies. The purpose of the article is to identify areas of interest in the works of William Shakespeare in a transition society. The author of the article makes an attempt to consider the validity of the interpretation as an adaptation of the original text and possible distortion of the original text on the material of fragments of Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet", compared to their translations into Russian. The study takes into account the game factor of drama and the translation process. The author attempts to analyze the translation by AshotSagratyan and his personal comments to justify partial distortions of the original text in terms of interpreter's values and intention. Conclusions and prospects for the study: The prospect of recreating classical literary heritage seems to be effective only taking into account the interaction of interdisciplinary socio-philosophical, philological, and axiological inter-semiological interpretations, where the emphasis is laid on adequacy of perception. This approach provides the opportunity to explore the perception of the classics and actualize perspective recreating of literary heritage. Keywords: Translationinterpretationdiscoursetranslation-game communicative subtext Creative heritage of W. Shakespeare survived its time and for many centuries has been the testing ground for approbation of various literary techniques and critical schools, each of which were guided by their own idea. This idea has served as a starting point for establishing criteria for assessing the creativity of the great playwright. Any attempt to comprehend Shakespeare is another approximation to the idea of the author’s intent, where the horizon of the knowable is constantly slipping away. The secret of the popularity of Shakespeare's creativity seems to lie in the versatility of his stories, characters and language, meeting the demands of its era, but remaining relevant in our time: • Plots are built on stories from different sources-the Bible, fairy tales, fables, chronicles, etc. • Actors are representatives of different sectors of society, not just the Lords and princes, as in classical French drama. • The language of plays includes an endless variety of discourses, presented by speeches of Kings, servants, Jesters, priests, sailors, etc. • The language of the plays is highly metaphoric; one comparison is built on the use of the previous one, making viewers of the past and present, listen carefully to each phrase. Problem Statement Translation is always a new interpretation, a new incarnation of the original. Hence, the translator has a right to fairly free interpretation of the latter. Thus, when translated into another language the interpreter’s role, apart from the sender and addressee, is claimed by the third party of the communication act, who is conducting contact between them and the translator. From the standpoint of hermeneutics merging of the work of art and its many interpretations is considered a prerequisite for true comprehension of the ideal of an author's intent. Evaluation of the quality of translation cannot be indisputably accurate or single, whatever science-based approaches are used by the evaluator. It depends on an understanding of the creative individuality of the translator and his creative intent (things that are close, however not always match). It includes the notion of “good luck” and “failure” and is associated with literary and translation traditions and attitudes, literary-social and political environment, ethical and aesthetic criteria and many other parameters. Translator in the translation process influences the translated text, and creates an up-to-date communicative subtext that implements values, semantic and stylistic motifs of the original through the prism of a certain era. Research Questions • Translation discourse as a key to the ideal interpretation model; • Interpretation as a pragmatic adaptation and/or possible distortion of the original; • Hermeneutic approach to the interpretation of a work of art as an excuse for the right of an interpreter to a relatively free interpretation. Purpose of the Study Translation discourse is analysed for justification of partial distortions of the original text in terms of interpreter's values and intention. Research Methods Comparative study of translations of Shakespeare into Russian in comparison with the original text with the account of the translation discourse makes the basis of the research. Translation discourse can serve as one of the resources to create an idealized image of translation activities in the form of optimal translation model. In this study an example of translation discourse is presented by AshotSagratyan's own comments to his poetic translation-interpretation of Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet", released in 2014. The text was named "Juliet and Romeo". Let’s consider how justified is such a distortion. Any reading, as well as any interpretation leads, according to J. Derrida, to “iteration” and to change, that is to distortion. Yan Probshtein in his lecture on translation at the University of Bologna mentions that creativity is impossible, and any translation from the language of images, visions, from the language of the divine to Earth language, is distortion. He refers to the idea first expressed by Plato inhisdialogue "Ion". The philosopher generally believed that any transition from contemplation to attempt of expression is distortion. However, there were also Neo-Platonists, primarily Plotin and Longin, who said that “although the ideal is unattainable, but in striving for the unachievable is the path to perfection” (Probshtein, 2014). According to Komissarov (2002), the translator as an intermediary in cross-language communication can set various objectives in order to achieve certain results. “Basically, these results are classified according to four items. First, the task of the translator may be to ensure adequate understanding of the receptor of the transmitted information. Secondly, the translator may seek specific communicative effect, create desired emotional attitude of the receptor of the transmitted information, and make him experience relevant associations. Thirdly, the translator can aim to induce the receptor to some concrete action, call to a practical response. And, finally, the translator can use his translation with the aim of achieving an "extra-translation" outcome, a decision of some ideological, political, mundane or axiological tasks that have nothing to do with the adequate reproduction of the original. In each translation the translator may pursue one or more of such purposes. Each of them may require a special pragmatic adaptation of the translated text, its "iteration”, and as a result, the possible refusal from maximum equivalence” (Komissarov, 2002). In this sense, classical works represent a huge potential for interpretation, because understanding works in every new era with its new value orientations is enriched by numerous interpretations. So, why still "Juliet and Romeo"? As commented by Sagratyan (Sagratyan, 2016),“Shakespeare himself identified Juliet as a leading character in the Verona medieval drama. Juliet’s love is the motive power of the play, its nerve. Romeo matures through her feelings. The gap, which they need to overcome, provokes her fears. Juliet’s exceptional composure adds them dignity, her virtue contrasts with the figure of a monk, the bearer of advanced by the time ideas of the great righteous Francis of Assisi”. In the fundamental work "Introduction to translation experience. Art, tangible by pulse", introducing into the science of translating the concept of"intone", the author of this translation, following the euphony of the play, as he says “strictly kept to the Shakespeare spirit of drama, grown to a tragedy”. Explaining the title of the optimistic tragedy, the author refers to the most famous works of world classics-"Tristan and Isolde", "Ruslan and Lyudmila", "Antony and Cleopatra”, whose names indicate the rule of patriarchy. Meanwhile, as you know, the whole history of human civilization rests on the power of woman’s love and originates from matriarchy previous to patriarchy. Shakespeare, from the translator’s point of view, highly respecting the Chronicles and biographies, could hardly walk past history of tragic love, which began as far back as the 7th century a.d. in the Arabian Desert. In the XII century it was paid tribute by the Persian poet NezamiGanjavi and his poem "Leyli and Mejnun". It's a poetic tale of unrequited love of a young poet Mejnun to his peer Leyli from a hostile tribe. This touching story in rough translation might have reached Shakespeare, who decided to place his characters in Verona. Shakespeare is known to have raised in his works a wide range of political, social, moral issues, including not bypassed by his attention questions of spirituality, intellectual and moral equivalence between men and women. If you look at all the characters of Shakespeare's plays, it turns out that his female characters in their diversity and richness are not at all inferior to the male ones. By using the means of artistic expression, the author shows that a woman’s intelligence, talent, will, spiritual richness is in no way inferior to man’s. It was an unusual sight in the times when the primary role, according to tradition, belonged to a man. However, as noted by Smirnov (1939), in the introductory article to the publication of works by William Shakespeare, “obvious is superiority in relation to the intelligence and will of Helena over the count of Bertram, Viola over Duke Orsino, Portia over Bassanio and, perhaps, Juliet over Romeo” (Smirnov, 1939). Obvious is spiritual superiority of Desdemona over Othello, whom she fell in love with “for the dangers”. Katherina from the play "The Taming of the Shrew", one of the most brilliant illustrations of richness and completeness of feminine nature, in the process of “taming” prevails over Petruchio thanks to intelligence, tolerance and femininity. Thus, the idea of internal equivalence of women and men was contained initially in the author's text, and spotted by a respected researcher A.A. Smirnov and found its decryption in the interpretation, offered by AshotSagratyan and not just him. If you look at history, apparently, the poem by Arthur Brooke "The Tragic History of Romeus and Juliet" originally served as the basis for the story of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Brooke developed the plot, borrowed from the novel by Italian writer Matteo Bandello, translated into French. Bandello’s narration was an extended, detailed retelling of a more compact work by Luigi Da Porto, which first depicted Romeo and Juliet and some other characters, involved in Shakespeare’s play. The novel by Da Porto was published under the title "Juliet/Giulietta" in 1539. Da Porto influenced not only the creation of Bandello’s novel, but also a small poem titled "Unhappy love of Julie and Romeo" by Gerardo Bolderi, the gentleman of Verona. In these titles the name Juliet also appears in the foreground. Perhaps the translator knew about this background, perhaps following the modern change of values in favor of equality, and sometimes dominant role of women, he has changed roles of the characters, which is reflected in the title. The right of the translator to a relatively free interpretation is justified by the mentioned above hermeneutic approach to the interpretation of works of art, suggested by H.G. Gadamer, namely that the work itself is a reality and an event and not just their description. He believes that the complete text interpretation is not possible, and meaning can never be exhausted. Artwork, according to H.G. Gadamer, is not something completed and objectively given, it is something changing and dynamically developing. And its understanding is not a system of rules, but a fundamental property and way of being human. Understanding is a historical process, part of which is text. It gets different interpretations, which reveal its semantic expression. And there is no single correct interpretation, there are lots of them, and they all have a right to being. Interpretation is circular in nature, which in hermeneutics is expressed through a hermeneutical model range, which implies that the whole is understood on the basis of the parts, and parts are understood on the basis of the whole. Hermeneutic circle is referred to as a model of a constant development, building understanding (Gadamer, 1999). The leading role of Juliet in the love story in the author's interpretation of AshotSagratyan is the “whole”, which sets the understanding of private scenes of the play, which, in turn, “work” on a coherent interpretation. Translation in this case does not reach full equivalence to the original, but it does not deny its uniqueness. Another likely cause of changes in the author’s title in translation is the game factor of Shakespeare’s creativity. Plays were originally designed for the stage performance, play of Shakespeare's language and scenes are exciting and unpredictable. Characters created by Shakespeare, as stated by M. Morozov (1954), not only live and breathe; they change in the course of events (Morozov, 1954). Romeo at the beginning of the tragedy is a youth; at the end of a tragedy (although it's only been a few days) he calls himself a man. He now calls Paris a youth, who may be older than he. At the beginning of the tragedy Romeo’s speeches are full of rhetoric and pathos. Before meeting Juliet love for him is “feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health, a madness most discreet, a choking gall, and a preserving sweet”. Romeo surrenders to sad thoughts, suffering from unrequited love for the cold beauty Rozaline, Juliet's cousin. His cousin Benvolio and his friend Mercutio are trying to cheer up the young man with reckless jokes, which contrast sharply with his elegant and ornate style of expression. In this manner is describedthe first meeting with Juliet in the garden. Translation as a process and a result of creativity is also a game. Translation of a work of art is a special form of the game, which is to seek rather adequacy than equivalence with the original, ability to adapt (which is impossible without at least partial distortion of the original), is a peculiar form of creativity. Playing with adequacy is defined by emotional, cultural and linguistic status of the translator, as can be seen in the comparison of the original text and the translated version. Table 1 - See Full Size > As we can see, in translation replicas are more compressed, emphasis is placed on keywords that create the image of Juliet, through which Romeo matures: “light, bright face, clean, radiant look, and dream”. In subsequent scenes in conversation with Friar Lawrence Romeo complains that flies can touch the lips of Juliet, and he had to flee her kisses; He calls “flies” free men, wittily “playing” with the words “fly” and “to fly”. When the servant Balthasar brings to Verona news of Juliet's death - Romeo says: “Is it even so? then I defy you, stars! Thou know'st my lodging: get me ink and paper, And hire post-horses. I will hence to-night” (Shakespeare), - we see another Romeo. Pathetic style distinguishes Juliet’s speech, the Juliet, whom the Nurse affectionately calls the “lady bird”, the Juliet at the beginning of the tragedy. But Juliet, unlike Romeo is very sincere and at the same time cautious in her confession of love. Table 2 - See Full Size > We may talk again about selective functional translation, translation-adaptation, in which replicas are more compressed; emphasis is placed on keywords that create the image of Juliet- “shame, pride, decency, honour and transparency”. Juliet’s replicas are part of the fine sonnet in the first dialogue with Romeo. Her elevated monologue, calling the coming of the night largely recalls the pathetic style of Christopher Marlowe. When Juliet learns from her nurse that Romeo killed Tybalt, her grief is expressed in typical euphuistic metaphors: “serpent heart, flowering face, dragon keep so fair a cave”. Compare all this with Juliet's last words: “What's here? a cup, clos'd in my true love's hand? Poison, I see, hath been his timeless end:-- O churl! drink all, and left no friendly drop To help me after?- I will kiss thy lips; Haply some poison yet doth hang on them, To make me die with a restorative”(Shakespeare, 2008). Love transforms Juliet of girls to a heroine, the one she is by nature. Mourning of the Nurse, Paris, the Capulet father is contrasted by words, such clear and simple, which end the tragedy and which seem to sum up the events: There was never a story sadder than the tale of Juliet and her Romeo. Translated by A. Sagratyan the latest replica of the Duke reads as follows: «Меж знатными домами мир и лад. Урок им преподала боль утрат. К чему тачать двуспальные гробы?.. Не лучше ль быть в любимцах у судьбы?!» (Sagratyan, 2014, 109) As the translator writes in the Afterword to the publication of "Juliet and Romeo", “roots of doom are lost in time, no longer remembering the causes of discord. The eternal question is transformed into another form: “To love or not to love?” In this form the deep humanistic thought is reflected. All artificial, alluvial, deceitful is gone. Artificiality is conquered by nature. In the closing A. Sagratyan recognizes that the key to understanding and resolving the challenges he faced was given by “the author himself, the poet and thinker, in aphoristic form encoded his philosophical system in the mistiness, searching for an exit he leaves to the discretion of the viewer and reader” (Sagratyan, 2014, 111). The translator in the translation process influences the translated text, and creates an up-to-date communicative subtext that implements values, semantic and stylistic motifs of the original through the prism of a certain era. There is no single correct interpretation, there are lots of them and they all have the right to being, which sets future research. Meanwhile quite lawful are distortions of the original test, dictated by individual translation intention. Translator’s interpretation provides transference of the artistic word expressing the author's idea with its subsequent rethinking in interpretations of the same artistic work through translation. Thus, the life of the original is extended and translated text as a spiritual creative product finds place in the system of core values, not excluding that the next generation will “wish” their own Shakespeare. Copyright information About this article Cite this paper as: Click here to view the available options for cite this article. 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• Join over 1.2 million students every month • Accelerate your learning by 29% • Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month Factors affecting birth rates in countries with different levels of development. Free essay example: Examine the factors that contribute to variations in the crude birth rate Crude Birth Rate is the number of childbirths per 1000 people per year. The word ‘crude’ is used because there are more accurate ways of measuring birth rate. For example, crude birth rate is sometimes measured by the number of births of the whole women population however a more accurate way of measuring fertility would be to measure it of women of a child bearing age. Highly industrialised nations, for example USA, UK and Japan have generally low birth rates whereas in countries with limited industrial development have high birth rates. Newly industrialised countries lie somewhere in the middle with moderate levels of birth rate. There are many factors that are a cause of these variations in crude birth rate. Women are a key factor to why there are varying birth rates. In some cultures and traditions, women are seen as worthless until they provide a child. In cultures where women have the choice to control their lives and regulate their birth rates, they do so through contraception or marrying at a later age. The World Fertility Survey shows that women with at least 7 years education, who work outside the home and who marry later show a reduction in fertility. Another factor is the level of education and affluence because the more educated women are in terms of fertility and a method to prevent childbirth, the more likely a country is to be able to control its birth rate. This is proved by the Netherlands having a large percent of its women receiving secondary education, and consequently, they have a low birth rate. Other examples are the UK, Japan, Canada and Hungary. Religion plays a large part in contributing to crude birth rates. Many religions believe in a ‘Go forth and multiply’ statement regarding childbirth. Catholicism disagrees with sex before marriage and therefore encourages a later child bearing age for a woman for her to be in marriage. This then shortens the length of the time the woman can have children reducing the number of births each woman has. Religions also have different views to modern contraception and abortion and therefore this too affects birth rates of countries. Third world governments do not have the resources or the commitment to provide health services, family planning services or modern contraception. As a result of this, the birth rates in LEDCs are still high whilst most MEDCs have a low birth rate due to their economic development. The W.F.S estimate that only 270,000,000 of the 900,000,000 couples in the world are using modern contraception and so it is understandable why there is such a rapid growth in the world’s population. In less developed countries, children are seen as part of the work force and therefore sometimes contribute to the family through work as young as 3years old. This then results in a large number of births. In developed countries, there is a difference of opinion and women are seen as a financial burden. This is proved by the American survey that suggests the upbringing of a child costs around $100,000 and this results in a lower number of births. Many countries have different government policies towards childbirth and children. Some encourage family planning and delayed first births whilst some have tried to increase the birth rate. China, for example, had a one child policy which has now been extended to two; however it still must be adhered to. The UK are pro-natalist as they have child benefits taxes and are allowing longer maternity leaves, as well as introducing the option of the mother returning sooner and the father having some paternity leave. France is also pro-natalist as they have encouraged child birth, as are Hungary, who banned access to contraception and abortion in attempt to increase birth rate. Infant and child mortality are also another cause of variation in the crude birth rate.Infant Mortality is when an infant dies before it reaches the age of 1 and child mortality is when a child dies before the age of 5. In some LEDCs, as both of these mortality rates are high, parents make up for this by increasing the number of children they have. Finally, modernisation and economic development are a major factor that has a large influence on crude birth rates. The adoption of western lifestyles can lead to traditional practices being forgotten about when it comes to childcare and marriage. An example of traditions wearing off is in African societies, couples used to delay sexual relations however it is breaking down and resulting in an increase in fertility for example, in Kenya. Not the one? Search for your essay title... • Join over 1.2 million students every month • Accelerate your learning by 29% • Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month Related AS and A Level Geography Skills and Knowledge Essays See our best essays Related AS and A Level Population & Settlement essays 1. Suggest &amp; explain why, within a country, crude birth rate varies over time China had and is stilling having a major population crisis. It was introduced in 1979 and if families followed this policy they received free education, health care, pensions and family benefits but these would be taken away if the couple has more than one child. 2. Urbanisation In LEDCs 35% of the population currently live in urban centres - -his figure has almost doubled in the last 20 years. The scale of movement from China's countryside to it's cities is currently the largest and most significant in the world. 1. Why was Malthus wrong about Japan? An increase in the number of people living in cities could account for a high national mortality level; however improvements in the standard of living meant that death rates actually decreased in these areas. It seems that in this period of Japan's history contrasting factors were at work keeping the death rates at a constant level. 2. Rural development: Strategy for incorporating it into India's overall economic development agenda. This shows that the per capita income in the rural sector is abysmally low and survey has found that rural poor outnumber urban poor by a measure of 1.26 [2].This gives rise to other Socio Economic imbalances as well. So rural development is the key to many socio economic problems 1. World Development The poor living in the LEDC'S have no access to food and intake is very little due to famines, natural disasters and inadequate growing materials etc. They have an imbalanced diet; therefore 20% of the population are malnourished, this low protein intake impairs growth and foods vital for living. 3. 2. Tourism In Kenya. GDP - real growth rate: 0.4 (2000 est.) GDP - per capital: Purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2000 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 25% Industry: 13% Services: 62% 1999 est.) Population below poverty line: 42% (1992 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share: Lowest 10%: 1.8% Highest 10%: 34.9% (1994) 1. Discuss the factors affecting fertility and mortality. EMDC's generally have a regressive population pyramid indicating declining or little change in birth rates and death rates. With declining little change in the birth rates, which are already at a very low level, the fertility of a country declines. 2. Economic development has been key in reducing fertility rates. Furthermore, in countries such as India, where a major part of the population engages in subsistence and commercial farming, reproduction is seen as a means of procuring enough manual labour on the farm. An increase in farming technology through development would significantly decrease the number of people needed on farms, • Over 160,000 pieces of student written work • Annotated by experienced teachers • Ideas and feedback to improve your own work
• Continue to stick to performance, has been making the stone for over 80 years • We have been creating the sharpening stone for almost 80 years, making emphasis on the performance. The sharpening stone performance = The high sharpening ability In order to produce the sharpening stones which have high sharpening ability, vitrified method is the most appropriate one. The sharpening stones made by this method show the extremely high sharpening performance. The abracive are combined with the ceramic bond materials and goes through the high-pressure shaping and the high-temperature firing, most of which heavily depends on the manual procedure that requires sensitivity despite the simple process. • In the past, raw materials that had been molded as • The molded materials used to be carried to the Kiyomizuyaki’s kiln (for pottery) and borrow the high temperature space to fire, which is called “Degama”. Passing through firewood, heavy oil and electricity, nowadays, city gas has controlled the fire temperature up to nearly 1300℃ and fired them ever since the kiln had been facilitated in the factory in 1942, Having through the many tests for the abracive and ceramic bond that become the materials, the ex-president(Kiyoyuki Miyagoshi)who was the expert on the characteristics established the procedure from the mixture to the firing based on the insurmountable amount of the data. The procedure is changed depending on the circumstances and the stable and uniform production is achieved. Given the production recipe which the ex-president (Kiyoyuki Miyagoshi) had developed the performance and strived for the improvement, now, we wish we can provide the sharpening stones that can always satisfy the customers while taking care of the external environments such as the temperature, the humidity, the things to be fired, and the quantity in the production process. • By blending the abrasive with a ceramic binder, molding at high pressure, and firing at a high temperature of 1200-1300 ° C for approximately 33 hours, • By “Mixing the abracives with the ceramic bond material, shaping them with high pressure , and firing them at 1200~1300℃ approximately for 33hours”,the abracive is melted by the high-temperature firing, and kept with the vitrified bond material. When sharpening, new honed grains constantly hit the blade directly. Furthermore, the appropriate air bubbles are formed in the sharpening stone itself, and the water penetrates into the air bubbles when they are immersed in the water. The resultant lubrication realizes the sharp and smooth sharpening performance. Another advantage of using the vitrified method is the high safety. 33 hours firing at nearly 1300℃ melts the bond, and it can be safely used for taking care of the tools to handle the raw food. • Our products are ceramics in the original • Our product is essentially ceramics (shaping: collective term of firing). Temperature difference: humidity: direct sunlight, environment, alkali :acid etc. In addition to the long duration due to the chemical resistance and anti-aging, it can be kept in the water. You don’t have to care the place to put whether it is close to the fire or under the direct sunlight or not etc. The followings reasons above prove that our product have the high cost performance as well as the as the ease in handling. • A whetstone is also a tool. • The sharpening stone is also a tool. The appropriate tool is necessary for taking care of the precious tool. Sharpening heavily depends on the one’s gender, physical build, strength and age, so each person happens to have different sharpening stones which can be easily used. The sharpening styles also depend on the people, and how the finishing is made is also different. The combination of the knife type and the sharpening stone also matters. The important point is to choose the sharpening stones based on the people who use them, what things they hone and how they want them to be finished. Another advantage of using the vitrified method is high safety. 33 hours firing at nearly 1300℃ melts the bond, and it can be safely used for the maintenance for the tools to handle the raw food. Our products including the original series and the Industrial stones are produced based on the user perspective so that they can achieve the smooth working process. We are more than happy if our produce is acknowledged as “indispensable things” in your working environments. • Ingredient mix • Ingredient mix A ceramic binder is added to these materials using high-purity aluminum oxide-based abrasives (WA: PA), zirconia-based abrasives (AZ) and silicon carbide-based abrasives (GC: C) as raw materials for grinding wheels Mix and mix with a mixer. The blending ratio of abrasives is around 90%. The composition changes slightly depending on the product. The sieve is further sifted to obtain a non-uniform grinding stone that is polished to the same level until the end. Especially fine powder repeats this work. • molding • molding Place the blended ingredients into their respective molds, pat them with a mallet to make them even and apply high pressure (50 tons). The material which is in a hard-to-break state even after touching is dried in a drying oven at about 100 ° C. • firing • firing the prototype stones are shelved at each location and fired in a gas oven at high temperature near 1300 ° C. for approximately 33 hours. • shipping inspection • shipping inspection In the middle two days, we scoop out the grinding stone and deburr it and inspect it and inspect its hardness. Or ship after processing. ※ Even though it is a simple process of the vitrified method that high-pressure molding and high-temperature baking the compounded one, it is making efforts to stabilize the quality while adding fine adjustment, because it depends on the weather, humidity, and the amount of baking. Sharpening style (professional skills) Please contact us by phone or email form! We will reply as soon as possible. Inquiry by phone 075-691-8296 075-691-8296 Miyagoshi's stones Miyagoshi's stones Online shop Online shop
What is Horseradish? The root is harvested in the spring and fall and sold in 1200 pound pallets to processors who grate the root releasing the volatile oils that distinguish horseradish from all other flavors. The ground horseradish is then mixed with distilled vinegar to stabilize the “heat.” This basic formula, which varies from processor to processor, may also contain spices or other ingredients ? salt, sugar, cream or vegetable oil. But, generally speaking, horseradish and vinegar are the primary constituents in the basic prepared horseradish on the market today. In addition to the most popular basic prepared horseradish, a number of other horseradish products are available, including cream-style prepared horseradish, horseradish sauce, beet horseradish and dehydrated horseradish. Cocktail sauce, specialty mustards, and many other sauces, dips, spreads, relishes and dressings also may contain horseradish. Each May, horseradish is feted at the International Horseradish Festival in Collinsville, Illinois. Events include a root toss, a horseradish-eating contest and a horseradish recipe contest. Begun in 1988, the festival was designed to create national awareness for the herb and the area where most of the world?s supply is grown, according to festival organizers. Collinsville and the surrounding area is part of what is known as the American bottoms, a Mississippi river basin area adjacent to St. Louis. Carved-out by the glaciers from the ice age, the soil is rich in potash, a nutrient on which the horseradish thrives. The area grows 60 percent of the world?s supply. German immigrants to the area began growing horseradish in the late 1800s and passed their growing methods from generation to generation. The area?s cold winters provide the required root dormancy and the long summers provide excellent growing conditions. What Makes Horseradish Hot? Horseradish is a member of the mustard family (sharing lineage with its gentler cousins, kale, cauliflower, Brussel sprouts and the common radish) and is cultivated for its thick, fleshy white roots. The bite and aroma of the horseradish root are almost absent until it is grated or ground. During this process, as the root cells are crushed, volatile oils known as isothiocyanate are released. Vinegar stops this reaction and stabilizes the flavor. For milder horseradish, vinegar is added immediately. Selecting Horseradish Products Horseradish appears in a variety of products in the supermarket and specialty food shops: Basic prepared horseradish is the grated prepared horseradish root mixed with distilled vinegar. Spices or other ingredients may be added (such as salt, sugar, cream or vegetable oil) to enhance and protect flavor. To relish the full flavor of processed horseradish, it must be fresh and of high quality. Color varies from white to creamy beige. As processed horseradish ages, it browns and loses potency. Replace with a fresh jar for full flavor enjoyment. Varieties of prepared horseradish include Cream Style Prepared Horseradish, Horseradish Sauce, Beet Horseradish and Dehydrated Horseradish. Distinguishing characteristics may be ingredients or texture – fine or coarse ground. The true horseradish enthusiast has several favorites, depending on the end use. Cocktail sauce with prepared horseradish is another winner, and has many uses beyond its usual role, as a flavorful accompaniment for seafood. Mustard with prepared horseradish also adds a rich and spicy zing to cold cuts or hot entrees. To savor horseradish at its best: * Buy only the amount you will use in a reasonable time. * Keep in tightly covered jar in the refrigerator to protect freshness. * Serve the desired amount of horseradish in a glass or ceramic bowl (it tarnishes silver), returning the tightly closed jar to the refrigerator immediately. Horseradish that remains unrefrigerated gradually loses flavor.
back icon close icon Journal Article September 1, 2003 Unlocking the Learning Value of Wireless Mobile Devices Roschelle, J. (2003). Unlocking the learning value of wireless mobile devices. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19(3), 260-272. Many researchers see the potential of wireless mobile learning devices to achieve large-scale impact on learning because of portability, low cost, and communications features. This enthusiasm is shared but the lessons drawn from three well-documented uses of connected handheld devices in education lead towards challenges ahead. First, ‘wireless, mobile learning’ is an imprecise description of what it takes to connect learners and their devices together in a productive manner. Research needs to arrive at a more precise understanding of the attributes of wireless networking that meet acclaimed pedagogical requirements and desires. Second, ‘pedagogical applications’ are often led down the wrong road by complex views of technology and simplistic views of social practices. Further research is needed that tells the story of rich pedagogical practice arising out of simple wireless and mobile technologies. Third, ‘large scale’ impact depends on the extent to which a common platform, that meets the requirements of pedagogically rich applications, becomes available. At the moment ‘wireless mobile technologies for education’ are incredibly diverse and incompatible; to achieve scale, a strong vision will be needed to lead to standardisation, overcoming the tendency to marketplace fragmentation. How can we help? Once you hit send… Our Privacy Policy
War in the Villages The U.S. Marine Corps Combined Action Platoons in the Vietnam War 978-1-57441-826-2 Cloth 6 x 9 x 0 in 272 pp. 26 b&w illus. 2 maps. Notes. Pub Date: 04/13/2021 • Cloth $29.95 Much of the history written about the Vietnam War overlooks the U.S. Marine Corps Combined Action Platoons. These CAPs lived in the Vietnamese villages, with the difficult and dangerous mission of defending the villages from both the National Liberation Front guerrillas and the soldiers of the North Vietnamese Army. The CAPs also worked to improve living conditions by helping the people with projects, such as building schools, bridges, and irrigation systems for their fields. In War in the Villages, Ted Easterling examines how well the CAPs performed as a counterinsurgency method, how the Marines adjusted to life in the Vietnamese villages, and how they worked to accomplish their mission. The CAPs generally performed their counterinsurgency role well, but they were hampered by factors beyond their control. Most important was the conflict between the Army and the Marine Corps over an appropriate strategy for the Vietnam War, along with weakness of the government of the Republic of South Vietnam and the strategic and the tactical ability of the North Vietnamese Army. War in the Villages helps to explain how and why this potential was realized and squandered. Marines who served in the CAPs served honorably in difficult circumstances. Most of these Marines believed they were helping the people of South Vietnam, and they served superbly. The failure to end the war more favorably was no fault of theirs. American Military Studies Published by University of North Texas Press
tailor made tour Ask a Question I accept the Privacy Policy. Questions & Answers Peace-making Marriage in Ancient Silk Road In the Silk Road, the most moving scene was the convoy team which sent the princess to the minority nationalities in the border areas to make peace, this was called "Heqin". Heqin (和亲,literally meaning "peace-making marriage") refers to the diplomatic practice in ancient China of the Chinese Emperor marrying off a “princess” (more often than not, a pseudo-princess of imperial descent, or a concubine that the Emperor had never met before and had just been newly created “Princess” for the very purpose of Heqin) to a chieftain or ruler of an aggressive barbarian neighboring state. The political marriage was expected to appease the chieftain, who, in return, would cease his aggression against China in the next few years. Peace-making marriage on the silk road was very firstly started by Kao-tsu, also called Liu Bang in Han Dynasty. He sent a princess to a chief of Hun. Since then, there were several princesses on the trip of peace-making marriage on the Silk Road. The Tang dynasties also continued this foreign policy. Peace-Making Marriage on the Silk Road--Princess Jieyou princess jieyou Princess Jieyou (120-49 BC) was born in a royal famil. In 101 BC, she took place of Princess Xijun and married Kunmo, the King of Unsin. She lived through three dynasties and once married to three husbands, of course, all three of them were King of Unsin. For half a century, she had been active in the political arena in the western region. She cooperated with the Han dynasty actively to restrain the Huns, and made great contribution to strengthen and consolidate the relationship between the Han dynasty and the Uisin. She was the most devoted heqin princess in the han dynasty as well as one of the most devoted heqin princess in Chinese history. Peace-Making Marriage on the Silk Road--Princess Wencheng princess wencheng In the history of peace-making marriage on the silk road during Tang Dynasty, the most famous one was the convoy team of Wen Cheng princess. She was sent to marry with the first Zap of the Tibetan Kingdom whose name was Songtsen Gampo. Princess Wencheng has already became the representative of peace-making marriage. More than 1300 years ago, in 641 AD, princess Wencheng left the flourishing capital Changan (now Xian in Shaanxi Province) to the Tibetan Kingdom along with a huge team carrying substantial dowry, books, musical instruments, silk and grain seed. Additionally, lady's maid, a group of scribes, musicians and agricultural extension personnel were along with princess Wencheng. Princess Wencheng shouldered the harmonious political task of diplomatic relations, and her convoy team was helping her to finish her mission. Peace-Making Marriage on the Silk Road--Princess Wang Zhaojun princess zhaojun Wang Zhaojun was another well-known personality among these peace-making marriages. Initially a common palace lady-in-waiting ignored by the Emperor, she was married off to Huhanye Chanyu as an imperial princess. (Chanyu” was the title of ruler of the Huns) She became a favorite of Huhanye, and was honored as Ninghu Yanzhi (literally meaning “the Hu-Pacifying Chief Consort” of the Chanyu). The heqin marriage alliance was followed by decades of peace, trade and cultural exchanges between the Huns and the Han Empire. When she died, peasants/herdsman on both sides of the borders came to pay their homage. The Chinese people recognized Wang Zhaojun’s great contribution, and her case of peace-marriage ranks among the most-lauded stories in Chinese history. Tragedy Peace-Making Marriage on the Silk Road princess taihe However, not all friendship princesses were as lucky as Princess Wang Zhaojun. Peace-making marriage was a political/diplomatic mission for the friendship princess, whose effect was subject to the political circumstances of the time. From the very beginning, they were married off to a distant, strange land, and suffered longstanding homesickness and uncertainty. Princess Ning Guo was married off to Ouigour chieftain, who proposed in 756 CE for marriage alliance with the Tang Empire after helping the Empire put down the An Lushan-Shi Siming Rebellion. However, the chieftain died only three months later, and the Ouigours demanded her to follow local customs by being interred with the deceased chieftain. The Princess protested, on which the Ouigours cancelled the requirement. However, as a compromise, Princess Ning’guo disfigured herself to manifest her determination of remaining single throughout her life thereafter. A worse case was Princess Taihe, who was married off by his brother, Emperor Muzong of Tang Dynasty, to Ouigour. She spent twenty years in Ouigour, and endured numerous insults and scares in the midst of war. Though rescued back to Chang’an, she had suffered immense harms, both mental and physical, and died not long after. Though mostly on political & diplomatic missions, peacemaking marriages were often matched by economic and cultural exchanges. In the Silk Road history, the ancient China convoy team of peace-making marriage was printed a memorable page of the Silk Road History records. China Silk Road Tours Shanghai, Xian, Dunhuang, Turpan, Urumqi, Beijing From $2339 Xian, Lanzhou, Jiayuguan, Dunhuang, Turpan, Urumqi From $2808 Urumqi, Turpan, Korla, Minfeng, Hotan, Kashgar From $1753
MotoMint – Automobile and Car Videos Application Electric Automobiles Electric automobiles are vehicles that derive their power from electric motors. Many people may think that they are a fairly new invention, when actually, some of the earliest automobiles produced were already powered by electric motors that were fueled by batteries. However, due to the rapid development of internal combustion engines, electric vehicles were driven out of the market.Electric motor systems are environmentally friendly and emits less pollution than combustion engines. They are also very energy-efficient. In fact, 75 percent of the energy stored in a battery reaches the wheels of an automobile, while only 20 percent of the chemical energy derived from gasoline is used by the wheels in an internal combustion engine.Another advantage of electric automobiles is that they can provide power at the speed of an engine. This ensures strong acceleration performance for the electric vehicle.The important factor that determines the cost and performance of electric automobiles are the batteries. Today, advancements in electric automotive technology have produced a number of battery types such as advanced lead-acid batteries, lithium polymer batteries and nickel metal hydride. However, even if an electric motor is extremely efficient, the capacity of the batteries is still very limited. For instance, the best batteries can store only a fraction of the energy of a gallon of gasoline in the same volume. The apparent solution to this is recharging. However, charging the battery fully may take a long time.Electric automobiles still have a long way to go before they reach the mainstream market. Technology continues to improve and new innovations are constantly being introduced. Currently, hybrid vehicles like the gasoline-electric hybrid are enjoying considerable success. With the continued advancement in electric automobile technology, it may not be long before we see a more efficient and powerful electric automobile, and this time, they are likely to be on the market for good.
What is Aleukemic leukemia? Aleukemic Leukemia is a leukemia in which the leukocyte count is normal or below normal. In aleukemic leukemia, increased number of white blood cells is not detected in a blood test. It is a rare type of leukemia. This type of leukemia can also be lymphocytic, monocytic, or myelogenous. Is all leukemia fatal? Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is also called acute lymphoblastic leukemia. “Acute” means that the leukemia can progress quickly, and if not treated, would probably be fatal within a few months. “Lymphocytic” means it develops from early (immature) forms of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Is leukemia a terminal illness? How serious is acute leukemia? What are the first signs and symptoms of leukemia? Common leukemia signs and symptoms include: • Fever or chills. • Persistent fatigue, weakness. • Frequent or severe infections. • Losing weight without trying. • Swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen. • Easy bleeding or bruising. • Recurrent nosebleeds. • Tiny red spots in your skin (petechiae) What does leukemia cutis look like? Leukemia cutis displays a variety of clinical appearances. Classically, lesions are described as papules, plaques, or nodules ranging from violaceous to red-brown in color. Skin involvement may be general or localized to one region. Others have reported flesh-colored nodules, occasionally with central ulceration. What does survival rate of 5 years mean? What is the 5-year survival rate for leukemia? When you get the 5-year survival rate for your diagnosis, you’ll receive a percentage. This number represents the percentage of people who are still alive 5 years after a diagnosis. The 5-year relative survival rate for all types of leukemia is 65 percent, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) . Can you live a long life with leukemia? Long term survival of leukemia varies greatly, depending upon multiple factors, including type of leukemia and age of the patient. ALL: In general, the disease goes into remission in nearly all children who have it. More than four out of five children live at least five years. The prognosis for adults is not as good. What are the final stages of leukemia? The severity of the symptoms varies depending on which type of leukemia you have and remember, they don’t always show up. • Easy bruising and bleeding, including recurring nosebleeds. • Anemia. • Persistent fatigue. • Frequent or severe infections. • Fever and chills. • Dramatic weight loss. • Swollen lymph nodes. • Enlarged liver or spleen. Can you be fully cured of leukemia? Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects your blood cells and bone marrow. As with other types of cancer, there’s currently no cure for leukemia. People with leukemia sometimes experience remission, a state after diagnosis and treatment in which the cancer is no longer detected in the body. What’s the worst leukemia? Summary: Patients with the most lethal form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) – based on genetic profiles of their cancers – typically survive for only four to six months after diagnosis, even with aggressive chemotherapy. Is AML a death sentence? What age is most likely to get leukemia? Leukemia is most frequently diagnosed in people 65 to 74 years of age. Leukemia is more common in men than in women, and more common in Caucasians than in African-Americans. Although leukemia is rare in children, of the children or teens who develop any type of cancer, 30% will develop some form of leukemia. What is the most curable leukemia? While it is similar in many ways to the other subtypes, APL is distinctive and has a very specific treatment regime. Treatment outcomes for APL are very good, and it is considered the most curable type of leukemia. What do leukemia headaches feel like? A sudden, excruciating headache that quickly becomes unbearably painful to the point where you can’t move. Sometimes called a “thunderclap headache”, this is the most concerning type of headache as it can be caused by a life-threatening bleed on the brain. What is the survival rate of leukemia in babies? Childhood leukemia is often pointed to as childhood cancer research’s success story. Just 60 years ago, almost no child with leukemia survived more than a few years, but today, thanks to new discoveries and advances in treatment, 90% of children with the most common type of leukemia will survive. Does leukemia come on suddenly? Acute leukemia may cause signs and symptoms that are similar to the flu. They come on suddenly within days or weeks. Chronic leukemia often causes only a few symptoms or none at all. Signs and symptoms usually develop gradually. Can you live 20 years with CLL? Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) can rarely be cured. Still, most people live with the disease for many years. Some people with CLL can live for years without treatment, but over time, most will need to be treated. Is CLL a death sentence? CLL is not an imminent death sentence, especially now. A significant chunk of us will never need treatment and even more of die with the disease, not from it. The large CLL8 study published in Blood confirms that there is significant group of us with a certain type of CLL that is “… Can leukemia go undiagnosed for years? Chronic Leukemia May Go Undetected If a patient doesn’t see a doctor for several years, the disease can go undetected over a long period of time, and the abnormal cells can build up and cause an enlarged spleen. Does 5-year survival rate mean cure? In brief, “five-year survival” is a term doctors and researchers use as a benchmark—between themselves. It allows them to compare cases, not predict. And it’s not “five-year cure” for a couple of reasons. Most importantly, five-year survival doesn’t mean you will only live five years. What percentage of leukemia patients survive? Today, the average five-year survival rate for all types of leukemia is 65.8%. That means about 69 of every 100 people with leukemia are likely to live at least five years after diagnosis. Many people will live much longer than five years. The survival rates are lowest for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). What are the worst cancers to have? Top 5 Deadliest Cancers • Prostate Cancer. • Pancreatic Cancer. • Breast Cancer. • Colorectal Cancer. • Lung Cancer. Do you have a shorter life expectancy after having leukemia? For the largest group of survivors by diagnosis-those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia-the gap in life expectancy decreased from 14.7 years (95% UI, 12.8-16.5 years) in 1970-1979 to 8.0 years (95% UI, 6.2-9.7 years). Does leukemia run in families? Family history Leukemia is generally not considered a hereditary disease. However, having a close family member with leukemia increases your risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. According to a 2013 paper published in Seminars in Hematology, research points to an inherited factor for CLL. What foods cure leukemia? To help your body heal, the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society recommends a balanced diet that includes: 5 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables. whole grains and legumes. low-fat, high-protein foods, such as fish, poultry, and lean meats. Can leukemia be cured if caught early? Why do people get leukemia? While the exact cause of leukemia – or any cancer, for that matter – is unknown, there are several risk factors that have been identified, such as radiation exposure, previous cancer treatment and being over the age of 65. [KEY]What are some signs that death is near?[/KEY] How to tell if death is near • Sleeping more. • Becoming less social. • Changing vital signs. • Changing toilet habits. • Weakening muscles. • Dropping body temperature. • Experiencing confusion. Leave a Reply 0
10 Interesting Fishes That Only Lives in the Ocean This world’s ocean is home to some of the most fascinating creatures of the world. And yet, here we are, knowing just a few of them, such as the whales, dolphins, seals, and many more. If you wondered, fishes in the ocean are not the only ones living in our world’s ocean waters. There are still thousands of species roaming through the ocean. But among some of the most popular species found in earth’s waters, did you know that there are some fishes in the ocean? If you want to find out what those are, here’s the list of the 10 interesting fishes that only live in the ocean. See it yourself! Top 10 Interesting Fishes That Only Lives In The Ocean Perhaps you are interested in fish. Read down below to know more about fishes in the ocean or different types of fishes in the ocean. Common clownfish They are easily one of the most recognizable marine creatures, thanks largely to a specific Disney movie called ‘Finding Nemo.’ Almost all clownfish live within the tentacles of a sea anemone, and they only leave whenever they hunt for food. One of the reasons they don’t get envenomed is that their body is covered with mucus that protects the fish from the venom. This relationship with anemones helps them from being preyed upon, and in return, sea anemones get their prey in return for those predators who want to have clownfish for food. Types of fishes in the ocean John dory This type of fish has an interesting look to it, and it lives around the warm tropical and temperate waters of the earth. Although there is plenty of speculation on where it got its name, the one notable reason it got its name is its French nickname, ‘Jaune Dore’ or golden yellow. John Dory is roaming the seafloor for its entire life, and it preys upon a variety of invertebrates and various types of schooling fishes. It has a discus-shaped body, golden yellow color, and is solitary for most of their lives. Unique types of fishes in the ocean Fishes types Named for its sail-like dorsal fin, the sailfish is widely considered one of the fastest marine creatures here on earth. A sailfish is a type of billfish, where it has relatives such as the swordfish and blue marlin, wherein they have their distinct pointed bills combined with extraordinarily long dorsal fins that can reach twice as long as their bodies. When they are young, they eat zooplankton and eat bony fishes once adulthood comes. And because sailfishes are relatively big, the only creatures that prey on them are marine creatures that are larger than them. Fishes types in the ocean Yellowfin tuna Known for being a staple food in every restaurant, the Yellowfin tuna got its name from its, yow know, its yellowfin, just like with sailfish, they are also one of the fastest marine creatures traversing through earth’s waters. They grow up to 7 feet and 400 pounds and mainly prey on marine species that they can swallow. Like other bony ocean creatures, they start as one tiny larva, and after one or two years, they can reach lengths of up to 4 feet and extend to 7 feet once fully matured. Awesome types of fishes in the ocean Pacific sardine They are a wide-ranging species that are mainly found in Indian and Pacific waters. Wherever they may be, they are considered one of the most important types of fishery in the waters as they can be a good source of food for top predators. As their name goes, there are plenty and large concentrations of this species in the pacific region and are mainly exploited by commercial fishing. Interesting fish types Types of interesting fishes in the ocean Queen parrotfish They are herbivores of the sea and mainly prey on plants and algae within the reef they are living. They live around the Caribbean Sea and its adjacent waters. They are named parrotfish because of how powerful their beak is, formed due to the fusing of the teeth and into the biting plates. Some of the world’s parrotfishes are brightly colored and got their name due to their distinct markings around their head and eye that easily resembles a crown. Fishes found in the ocean Pacific herring This type of small marine species only averages around 20 to 25 cm in size. However, they are considered keystone species, which means they play an important role and act as a base for another specific and marine food web. A pacific herring is easily noticeable. Their bluish-green upper back combined with silver sides makes them one of the brightest marine creatures. But their bright colors and being small in size are also what makes them easy to prey on. Ocean fishes types Pink salmon One of the most iconic fishes in the pacific, the Pink Salmon is also one of the essential types of fishery in various ocean waters. Pink salmon can reach lengths of up to 30 inches and weigh around 15 pounds. They are a much smaller version of salmon that are found in the pacific. The pink salmon got its name from its pink-colored flesh. Unique ocean fishes Just like with yellowfin tunas and sailfishes, a swordfish is also considered to be of the same class as them in being one of the fastest swimmers of the earth’s waters. A swordfish is also considered to be one of the largest species of bony fish. It got its name from its sword-like bill, which it uses to stun its prey or slash its head. Fishes found in the ocean Tropical two-wing flying fish It got its name because it is highly abundant in tropical waters and has enlarged pectoral fins resembling a wing. It can glide through the outside waters to prevent itself from being preyed upon. Although they are called flying fishes, gliding fishes are better than gliding through the waters instead of flying. Fishes in the ocean unique types Wrapping Things Up There are still a lot of interesting fish that only live in the ocean. We’ve already covered 10 interesting fishes, and there are plenty out there waiting to be called upon. Our ocean waters are home to thousands of species, and marine life is a plentiful one. There are still thousands of them that are truly marvels of the earth’s waters. Here at ATOLEA, our Ocean-inspired jewelry collections will always feed your interests with the wonderful creations found in the Ocean. From Fish ring, Wave earrings, and Whale tail necklace, every piece is uniquely designed to definitely suit your taste of accessories while giving you that Ocean vibe to your outfit. So dive into our ATOLEA Sea-inspired jewelry now and grab your favorite designs that will show your love to the Ocean! Fish types Leave a comment All comments are moderated before being published
Daily Archives: November 14, 2021 The Difference Between Maintaining Wellness And Promoting Health Health, as defined by the World Health Organization, is an “uneven condition of the body that may lead to death or disability” and “the prevention of death and disability brought about by any cause”. Various definitions have been applied to health throughout the years. The word “disease” has always been part of the equation. Death and disability are also included in the definition. For the most part, the word “disease” was used to describe illness and injury and was used to motivate people towards prevention. Today, as more people are becoming aware of the dangers of various diseases, “disease” has become a less important component in defining health. What is being lost when people define health in terms of illness and death? Life expectancy, which is a measure of living longer in today’s world, has declined steadily over the past half-century. In addition, while illness has become more common, leading to a greater loss of life expectancy, disability has become more common. Both illness and death are influenced by environmental factors. The environment has certainly worsened the problem of illness and death over time, resulting in an aging population and an increase in premature deaths. Therefore, health policy must take all these factors into account. Good health is a state of well-being, which includes both physiological health as well as mental health. Healthy people tend to be physically healthy, while sick individuals tend to be mentally unhealthy. One can experience good health through a combination of healthy eating, regular exercise and a strong social network. At the other end of the spectrum, poor health leads to a poor quality of life, poverty, reduced opportunities and a reduction of potential relationships. The goals of public health are to reduce the burden of illness and injury on society as a whole, improve health and wellness, promote health planning and provide protection against preventable illness and injury. As part of its strategy to achieve these goals, public health agencies help to create a balance between individual freedom and responsibility for health. Individual freedom refers to the ability to choose how, when and for how long to take part in the physical activities necessary for good health. Responsibility, on the other hand, refers to the accountability to others for making sure that one meets the recommended intake and exercise guidelines and for adhering to reasonable precautions to protect the consumer from harmful exposure to health hazards. The concept of wellbeing therefore combines the concepts of physical health and mental health, as both require the individual to be in control of his or her own body and mind. While health promotion has been a human right since the declaration of the constitution, much debate continues to rage regarding the proper scope of this right. Some people argue that it is an antibiotivity law that trims away the individual’s freedom of action, making him or her more dependent on others. Others support the right to promote health by pointing out that people live longer, healthier lives than ever before because they are able to take proactive steps to stay healthy. Still, others believe that health promotion is a restraint for those who are too poor to afford healthcare and drugs – and therefore are left out in the cold in a world where prevention is better than cure. The bottom line is that a healthy society must also ensure that its citizens have the resources necessary to prevent themselves from becoming ill. Health promotion is often thought to be synonymous with mental wellbeing, but this is not always the case. Mental health refers to a person’s ability to live his or her life to the fullest despite suffering from any kind of mental illness. On the other hand, public health defines health as a system of policies and practices that improves the health of the population as a whole and provides a higher quality of life for all of its citizens. The debate over the meaning of mental well-being versus public health is likely to rage on for some time. Beauty in America and the West Versus Beauty in Eastern Cultures Beauty in America and the West Versus Beauty in Eastern Cultures Beauty is often defined as an aesthetic quality of certain objects which makes these objects appealing to perceive. These objects could be natural, cultural or human-made. Beauty, along with beauty and art, is possibly the most influential theme of aesthetics, among the various branches of contemporary philosophy. Philosophy of beauty normally deals with how beauty relates to man (or woman) in the world of senses. European philosophy of beauty has evolved through the process of continental exchange. Beauty in Europe, for instance, has always been associated with the Classical period. However, in the last few decades this view has undergone a considerable change, with more philosophers in North America, South America and in Asia attaining a similar opinion regarding beauty ideals. Philosophy of beauty currently has several different currents, although all share some common ideas and presuppositions. Philosophy of beauty usually divides beauty into three types: artistic, bodily or psychological. Artistic beauty refers to beauty considered artistic in form, including the aesthetic values of art; Greek beauty therefore includes such things as statues, paintings and other visual arts. Body size and physical fitness, height and attractiveness are considered important aesthetic qualities of Greek and ancient Greek beauty. Theological beauty on the other hand concerns itself with the evaluation of beauty in terms of religious beliefs, and therefore is often connected with Eastern religion. For the philosophers of beauty, western ideals of beauty are considered beautiful because of their perfection, whereas eastern ideals of beauty are considered beautiful due to their ugliness, in contrast to the beauty of Greeks and Romans. The ancient Greeks and Romans are often criticized for their ‘barbie-esque’ approach to beauty. According to them, women should be beautiful not because they look perfect but because of their ability to carry off men. This approach towards beauty came from the idea that the ideal of a Greek woman was a physically fit body and mind. Beauty then became a matter of personal pride and vanity. In ancient times, it was the’mark of the womanhood,’ and was associated with emotionalism and egotism. In fact, Greek and Roman women were famous for showing off their physical attractiveness in public, especially when contests for beauty were held. As such, physical attractiveness was not only seen as an attribute of physical strength, but also as a measure of one’s social status and sexual potential. Ancient societies were fascinated by beauty, and beauty in many cases, was not a matter of choice or personal preference – beauty was important for all societies, and beauty in particular was valued above all other values. Through the lenses of European history and western culture, beauty has become something of an ideology in and of itself. Ideas about beauty have been used to justify hierarchy and power, gender roles, prejudice, and violence. Through these lenses, beauty has been used to justify our ideas about ourselves, and the truth about the world in which we live. This is why I believe that we should reject the definitions of beauty that are currently being used by Europeans and others, and instead look to the more natural definitions of beauty that come from the Eastern cultures. The beauty that my parents saw in Greece, that my friends and I sought as teenagers, and that our children seek today are things that can be appreciated and are not defined by concepts of beauty that are politically correct, but which actually harm people by undermining their ability to see and appreciate beauty in all its forms.
UChicago Energy Savings Project at the Anatomy Building As part of the ongoing initiative to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the University of Chicago recently completed an energy savings project at the Anatomy Building. The Anatomy Building is one of the oldest buildings on campus, constructed in 1897. It is located in the University’s main quadrangle and is home to offices and laboratories in the Biological Sciences Division. The project included a detailed energy audit and thorough testing of major building systems. This work was performed as part of the Preventative Maintenance and Commissioning (PM+Cx) program, an initiative targeting the 38 most energy-intensive buildings that account for 80% of total campus energy use. This was a joint effort between several departments at the university, including the energy services team in Facilities Services, Biological Sciences Division, North Campus Engineers, and the Building Automation Shop. Key project team members include from left Max Zmija (Biological Sciences Division), Dale Janeczko (Campus Engineering), and Ryan Hoff (Facilities Services). Not pictured are David Tooley (Biological Sciences Division) and Bob Slivon (Building Automation Shop). Specific energy reduction projects included reducing room reheat energy, eliminating winter chilled water use, updating laboratory airflows to match current campus standards, and improving airflow to other building spaces. The project also included water savings by eliminating antiquated once-through domestic water cooling systems. In addition, installed building equipment received deep maintenance, and updates were made to the central building automation system to improve occupant comfort controls. In total, 24 system upgrades were identified and implemented as part of this project. These efforts yielded significant energy and greenhouse gas reductions. The energy usage of the Anatomy building was reduced by 33%. The energy saved in this project reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 222 metric tons eCO2 per year, which is equivalent to eliminating the annual emissions from 25 typical US homes each year. Additionally, this project is expected to reduce water consumption by over 500,000 gallons per year. Implementation of energy conservation measures reduced the Anatomy Building’s EUI by 33% since the beginning of the project. How Do I? UChicagoSocial: Facilities Services
Daniel J Walsh Consulting Engineer Twitter: @rhatdan Everyone Please Stand Up and Repeat after me SELinux is a LABELING system Every Process has a LABEL Every File, Directory, System object has a LABEL Policy rules control access between labeled processes and labeled objects The Kernel enforces the rules SELinux Coloring Book Type Enforcement Type Enforcement Type Enforcement Type Enforcement Type Enforcement Type Enforcement Type Enforcement Isolates Processes from each other based on types Apache processes labeled as httpd_t can can only read/write apache content "httpd_sys_content_t" Communicate with Mariadb via /var/run/mariadb.socket (mariadb_sock_t). Can't read Mariadb database directly (mariadb_db_t), even if root. MCS Enforcement Multi Category Security Based on Multi Level Security (MLS) MCS Enforcement MCS Enforcement MCS Enforcement MCS Enforcement MCS Enforcement MCS Enforcement Protects like processes from each other. VM's, Openshift Gears, SELinux Sandboxes, Docker Containers. Tooling picks out random MCS Label. Assigns MCS Label to all content Launches the processes with same label Tooling guarantees uniqueness What is SELinux trying to tell me? The 4 key causes of SELinux errors 1. SELinux == Labeling 2. SELinux Needs to Know 3. SELinux Policy/App can have bugs 4. You could be COMPROMISED!!! SELinux == Labeling Every process and object on the machine has a label associated with it If your files are not labeled correctly access might be denied. If you use alternative paths for confined domains SELinux needs to KNOW. http files in /srv/myweb instead of /var/www/html? Tell SELinux. # restorecon -R /srv/myweb Equivalency labeling Tells SELinux to label all files directories under /srv/myweb the same as /var/www /srv/myweb/cgi-bin/mycgi.cgi will get labeled httpd_sys_script_t semanage fcontext -a -e /export/home /home Label all files under /export/home as if they were under /home /export/home/dwalsh/.ssh will get labeled ssh_home_t SELinux needs to KNOW How did you configure your apache server? Tell SELinux!! If you want httpd to send email # setsebool -P httpd_can_sendmail 1 Vsftp setup for users to login # setsebool -P ftp_home_dir 1 HTTPD is setup to listen on port 8585 # semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 8585 SELinux policy/Apps can have bugs SELinux policy Can have bugs Unusual Code Paths Redirection of stdout Apps can have bugs Leaked File Descriptors Executable Memory Badly built libraries Report the bugs in Bugzilla so we can fix them You could be COMPROMISED!!! Current tools do not do a good job of differentiating If you have a confined domain that tries to: Load a kernel module Turn off SELinux enforcing mode Write to etc_t? shadow_t Modify iptables rules You might be compromised
1. What happens when we do insmod & rmmod in Linux Device Drivers? insmod: insmod is a tool used to attach a module to the running linux kernel. This will take the kernel object(.ko) and takes all executable code and data sections of the .ko and attach it to the running linux kernel. rmmod: used to remove or deattach a module code from the running kernel 2. What kind of information the Linux driver modules (.ko ) files has? kernel 2.6 introduces a new file naming convention: kernel extension) which easily distinguishes them from conventional object files. The reason for this is that they contain an additional .modinfo section that where additional information about the module is kept. Linux program modpost can be used to convert .o files into .ko files. 3. What are the different ways the Linux can switch from User Space to Kernel Space & vice-versa? There are 2 situations when Linux can switch from user Space to Kernel Space:- 1) by doing System calls 2) When interrupt comes (to handle interrupt) 3) by executing 128 (0x80 ) instruction or doing sysenter Linux can switch from kernel Space to User space:- 1) process in kernel mode is preempted. 2) After completion of Interrupt handler / System call 3) performing sysexit sys call 4. What is stored in /proc? Mainly hardware related information such as CPU information, Memory (RAM) information stored under /proc # cat /proc/cpuinfo (show the information of CPU of that particular hardware) # cat /proc/meminfo (show the information of Memory i.e. RAM of that particular hardware) 5. What is stored at /lib/modules? It contains all the kernel modules that needed to be loaded into kernel (booting etc). there will some .map, .dep (dependency files) files present. When the kernel needs a feature that is not resident in the load the module in. You can see what modules are already loaded into the kernel by running lsmod, which gets its information by reading the file /proc/modules 6. What is atomic function and atomic variable? atomic variables are the variables which can only be manipulated atomically using atomic APIs. Linux declares variable as atomic by using the type atomic_t. Basically used a way to achieve synchronization. interrupted by concurrent operations and cannot be broken up into smaller parts that could be performed by different Atomic function is a function which is executed to completion without interruption. Atomic function can also be seen as a small critical section which is executed without interruption, locking. 7. Linux file defaults permition is? umask value = 022 Without a umask in effect,any file created will have 666 A umask of 022 will result in files created with 666 permission. 8. How to create secured appeche web sever? You need to install an SSL certificate in apahce to secure the transactions. 9. What do fork() internally call? which is defined in kernel/fork.c.This function calls copy_process() and then starts the process running. If copy_process() returns successfully, the new child is woken up and run. Deliberately, the kernel runs the child process first. 10. What does exec family return? When successful exec will not return, it will start executing the new program errno to the appropriate value Download Interview PDF
Technology Diplomacy Diplomacy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Print Friendly, PDF & Email This article was originally published by the Elcano Royal Institute on 11 October 2019. The key question on the mind of policymakers now is whether Artificial Intelligence would be able to deliver on its promises instead of entering another season of scepticism and stagnation. The quest for Artificial Intelligence (AI) has travelled through multiple “seasons of hope and despair” since the 1950s. The introduction of neural networks and deep learning in late 1990s has generated a new wave of interest in AI and growing optimism in the possibility of applying it to a wide range of activities, including diplomacy. The key question on the mind of policymakers now is whether AI would be able to deliver on its promises instead of entering another season of scepticism and stagnation. This paper evaluates the potential of AI to provide reliable assistance in areas of diplomatic interest such as in consular services, crisis management, public diplomacy and international negotiations, as well as the ratio between costs and contributions of AI applications to diplomatic work. The term “artificial intelligence” was first coined by an American computer scientist, John McCarthy in 1956, who defined AI as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”.1 In basic terms, AI refers to the activity by which computers process large volumes of data using highly sophisticated algorithms to simulate human reasoning and/or behaviour.2 Russell & Norvig use these two dimensions (reasoning and behaviour) to group AI definitions according to the emphasis they place on thinking vs acting humanly.3 Another approach to defining AI is by zooming in on the two constitutive components of the concept. Nils J. Nilsson defines, for instance, artificial intelligence as the “activity devoted to making machines intelligent” while “intelligence is that quality that enables an entity to function appropriately and with foresight in its environment”.4 Echoing Nilsson’s view, the European Commission’s High-Level Group on AI provides a more comprehensive understanding of the term: While the concept of artificial intelligence continues to evolve, one could argue that the ambition to push forward the frontier of machine intelligence is the main anchor that holds the concept together. As the authors of the report on “Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030” point out, we should not expect AI to “deliver” a life-changing product, but rather to continue to generate incremental improvements in its quest to achieve and possibly surpass human standards of reasoning and behaviour. In so doing, AI also sets in motion the so-called “AI effect”: as AI brings a new technology into the common fold, people become accustomed to this technology, it stops being considered AI, and newer technology emerges.6 In the same way that cars differ in terms of their quality and performance, AI programs also significantly vary along a broad spectrum ranging from rudimentary to super-intelligent forms. In consular and diplomatic affairs, the left side of this spectrum is already visible. At the lower end of the complexity scale, chat-bots now assist with visa applications, legal aid for refugees, and consular registrations.7 More sophisticated algorithms are being developed by MFAs to either advance the spread of positive narratives or inhibit online disinformation and propaganda.8 However, all these applications, regardless of their degree of technical sophistication, fall in the category of ‘narrow’ or ‘weak’ AI, as they are programmed to perform a single task. They extract and process information from a specific dataset to provide guidance on legal matters and consular services. The ‘narrow’ designation for such AI applications comes from fact that they cannot perform tasks outside the information confines delineated by their dataset. By contrast, general AI refers to machines that exhibit human abilities ranging from problem-solving and creativity to taking decisions under conditions of uncertainty and thinking abstractly. They are thus able to perform intellectual activities like a human being, without any external help. Most importantly, strong AI would require some form of self-awareness or consciousness in order to be able to fully operate. If so, strong AI may reach a point in which it will be able not only to mimic the human brain but to surpass the cognitive performance of humans in all domains of interest. This is what Nick Bostrom calls superintelligence, an AI system that can do all that a human intellect can do, but faster (‘speed superintelligence’), or that it can aggregate a large number of smaller intelligences (‘collective superintelligence’) or that it is at least as fast as a human mind but vastly qualitatively smarter (‘quality superintelligence’).9 That being said, strong AI, let alone superintelligence, remain merely theoretical constructs at this time, as all applications developed thus far, including those that have attracted media attention such as Amazon’s Alexa or Tesla’s self-driving prototypes fall safely in the category of narrow AI. However, this may change soon, especially if quantum computing technology will make significant progress. Results from a large survey of machine learning researchers on their beliefs about progress in AI is relatively optimistic. Researchers predict AI will outperform humans in many activities in the next ten years, such as translating languages (by 2024), writing high-school essays (by 2026), driving a truck (by 2027), working in retail (by 2031), writing a bestselling book (by 2049), and even working as a surgeon (by 2053). Furthermore, they believe there is a 50% chance of AI outperforming humans in all tasks in 45 years and of automating all human jobs in 120 years.10 AI and Diplomacy Riding the waves of growing interest about AI in IR and security studies,11 the debate about the role of AI in diplomacy is also gaining momentum, although academic discussions are progressing rather slowly, without a clear analytical focus. As the authors of a recent report on AI opportunities for the conduct of diplomacy point out, discussions about AI in the context of foreign policy and diplomacy often lack clarity in terminology. They suggest that a better understanding of the relationship between AI and diplomacy could come from building on the distinction between AI as a diplomatic topic, AI as a diplomatic tool, and AI as a factor that shapes the environment in which diplomacy is practised. As a topic for diplomacy, AI is relevant for a broader policy agenda ranging from economy, business, and security, all the way to democracy, human rights, and ethics. As a tool for diplomacy, AI looks at how it can support the functions of diplomacy and the day-to-day tasks of diplomats. As a factor that impacts the environment in which diplomacy is practised, AI could well turn out to be the defining technology of our time and as such it has the potential to reshape the foundation of the international order.12 Taking note of the fact that developments in AI are so dynamic and the implications so wide-ranging, another report prepared by a German think tank calls on Ministries of Foreign Affairs (MFAs) to immediately begin planning strategies that can respond effectively to the influence of AI in international affairs. Economic disruption, security & autonomous weapons, and democracy & ethics are the three areas they identify as priorities at the intersection of AI and foreign policy. Although they believe that transformational changes to diplomatic institutions will eventually be needed to meet the challenges ahead, they favour, in the short term, an incremental approach to AI that builds on the successes (and learns from the failures) of “cyber-foreign policy”, which, in many countries, has been already internalised in the culture of the relevant institutions, including of the MFAs.13 In the same vein, the authors of a report prepared for the Centre for a New American Security see great potential for AI in national security-related areas, including diplomacy. For example, AI can help improve communication between governments and foreign publics by lowering language barriers between countries, enhance the security of diplomatic missions via image recognition and information sorting technologies, and support international humanitarian operations by monitoring elections, assisting in peacekeeping operations, and ensuring that financial aid disbursements are not misused through anomaly detection.14 From an AI perspective, consular services could be a low-hanging fruit for AI integration in diplomacy as decisions are amenable to digitisation, the analytical contribution is reasonable relevant and the technology favours collaboration between users and the machine. Consular services rely on highly structured decisions, as they largely involve recurring and routinised operations based on clear and stable procedures, which do not need to be treated as new each time a decision has to be made (except for crisis situations, which are discussed further below). From a knowledge perspective, AI-assisted consular services may embody declarative (know-what) and procedural knowledge (know-how) to automate routinised operations and scaffold human cognition by reducing cognitive effort. This can be done by using data mining and data discovery techniques to organize the data and make it possible to identify patterns and relationships that would be difficult to observe otherwise (e.g., variation of demand for services by location, time, and audience profile). Case study #1: AI as Digital Consul Assistant The consulate of country X has been facing uneven demand for emergency passports, visa requests and business certifications in the past five years. The situation has led to a growing backlog, significant loss of public reputation and a tense relationship between the consulate and the MFA. An AI system trained with data from the past five years uses descriptive analytics to identify patterns in the applications and concludes that August, May and December are the most likely months to witness an increase of the demand in the three categories next year. AI predictions are confirmed for August and May but not for December. AI recalibrates its advice using updated data and the new predictions help consular officers manage requests more effectively. As the MFA confidence in the AI system grows, the digital assistant is then introduced to other consulates experiencing similar problems. Digital platforms could also emerge as indispensable tools for managing diplomatic crises in the digital age and for good reasons. They can help embassies and MFAs make sense of the nature and gravity of the events in real-time, streamline the decision-making process, manage the public’s expectations, and facilitate crisis termination. At the same time, they need to be used with great care as factual inaccuracies, coordination gaps, mismatched disclosure level, and poor symbolic signalling could easily derail digital efforts of crisis management.15 AI systems could provide great assistance to diplomats in times of crisis by helping them make sense of what it is happening (descriptive analytics) and identify possible trends (predictive analytics). The main challenge for AI is the semi-structured nature of the decisions to be taken. While many MFAs have pre-designed plans to activate in case of a crisis, it is safe to assume that reality often defies the best crafted plans. Given the high level of uncertainty in which crisis decision-making operates and the inevitable scrutiny and demand of accountability to occur if something goes wrong, AI integration can work only if humans retain control over the process. As a recent SIPRI study pointed out, AI systems may fail spectacularly when confronted with tasks or environments that differ slightly to those they were trained for. Their algorithms are also opaque, which makes difficult for humans to explain how they work and whether they include bias that could lead to problematic –if not dangerous– behaviours.16 As data is turning into the “new oil”, one would expect that the influence of digital technologies on public diplomacy to maximise interest in learning how to make oneself better heard, listened and followed by the relevant audiences. As the volume of data-driven interactions continue to grow at an exponential rate, one can make oneself heard by professionally learning how to separate ‘signals’ from the background ‘noise’ and by pro-actively adjusting her message to ensure maximal visibility in the online space, in real time. Making oneself listened would require, by extension, a better understanding of the cognitive frames and emotional undertones that enable audiences to meaningfully connect with a particular message. Making oneself followed would involve micro-level connections with the audience based on individual interests and preferences.17 Case study #2: AI as Digital PD Assistant The embassy of country X in Madrid would like to conduct a public diplomacy campaign in support of one of the following policy priorities: increasing the level of educational exchanges of Spanish students in the home country, showcasing the strength of the military relationship between country X and the Spain and boosting Spanish investments in the home country. As it has only £25,000 in the budget for the campaign, it needs to know which version can demonstrate better return on investment. Using social media data, an AI system will first seek to listen and determine the level of interest and reception (positive, negative, neutral) of the public in the three topics. The next step will be to use diagnostic analytics to explain the possible drivers of interest in each topic (message, format, influencers) and the likelihood of the public reacting to the embassy’s campaign. The last step will be to run simulations to evaluate which campaign will be able to have the strongest impact given the way in which the public positions itself on each topic and the factors that may help increase or decrease public interest in them. At the operational level of the digital diplomat decisions are expected to take a structured form as the way to meaningfully communicate with the audience would rely on continuously tested principles of digital outreach with a likely focus on visual enhancement, emotional framing, and algorithmic-driven engagement. AI could assist these efforts by providing reliable diagnostics of the scope conditions for impact via network, cluster and semantic analyses. Prescriptive analytics could also offer insight into the comparative value-added of alternative approaches to digital engagement (e.g., which method proves more impactful in terms of making oneself heard, listened and followed). On the downside, the knowledge so generated would likely stimulate a competitive relationship between the AI system and digital diplomats as most of the work done by the later could be gradually automated. However, such a development might be welcome by budget-strapped MFAs and embassies seeking to maintain their influence and make the best of their limited resources by harnessing the power of technological innovation. Given the growing technical complexity and resource-intensive nature of international negotiations it is hardly surprisingly that AI has already started to disrupt this field. The Cognitive Trade Advisor (CTA) developed by IBM aims to assist trade negotiators dealing with rules of origin (criteria used to identify the origin /nationality of a product) by answering queries related to existing trade agreements, custom duties corresponding to different categories of rules of origin, and even to the negotiating profiles of the party of interest.18 CTA uses descriptive analytics to provide timely and reliable insight into technically complex issues that would otherwise require days or possibly weeks for an experienced team to sort out. It does not replace the negotiator in making decisions, nor does it conduct negotiations by itself, or at least not yet. It simply assists the negotiator in figuring out the best negotiating strategy by reducing critical information gaps, provided that the integrity of the AI system has not been compromised by hostile parties. The competitive advantage that such a system could offer negotiators cannot be ignored, although caveats remain for cases in which negotiations would involve semi-structured decisions such as climate negotiations or the Digital Geneva Convention to protect cyberspace. The problem for such cases lies with the lower degree of data veracity (confidence in the data) when dealing with matters that can easily become subject to interpretation and contestation, hence the need for stronger human expertise and judgement to assess the value of competing courses of action in line with the definition of national interests as agreed upon by foreign policy makers. As Bostrom has shown, the quest for Artificial intelligence has travelled through multiple “seasons of hope and despair”. The early attempts in the 1950s at the Dartmouth College sought to provide a proof of concept for AI by demonstrating that machines were able to perform complicated logical tests. Following a period of stagnation, another burst of innovative thinking took place in early 1970s, which showed that logical reasoning could be integrated with perception and used to control physical activity. However, difficulties in scaling up AI findings soon led to an “AI winter” of declining funding and increased scepticism. A new springtime arrived with the launch of the Fifth Generation Computer System Project by Japan in early 1980s, which led to the proliferation of expert systems as new tools of AI-supported decision-making. After another period of relative stagnation, the introduction of neural networks and deep learning in late 1990s has generated a new wave of interest in AI and growing optimism in the possibility of applying it to a wide range of activities, including diplomacy. The key question on the mind of policymakers now is whether AI would be able to deliver on its promises instead of entering another season of scepticism and stagnation. If AI would be able to demonstrate value in a consistent manner by providing reliable assistance in areas of diplomatic interest such as in consular services, crisis management, public diplomacy and international negotiations, as suggested above, then the future of AI in diplomacy should look bright. If, on the other hand, the ratio between costs and contributions of AI applications to diplomatic work would stay high, then the appetite for AI integration would likely decline. 1 John McCarthy (2011): ‘What Is AI? / Basic Questions’, author’s website accessed 22 May 2019. 2 In simple terms, behaviour refers to the way in which people act to a situation in response to certain internal or external stimuli. The classical theory of human behaviour, the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model argues that individual behaviour is best explained by the way in which agents develop intentions (desires that the agent has committed to pursue) out of a broader range of desires (states of affairs they would like to bring about), which in turn are derived from a set of beliefs (information the agent has about the world). The way in which intentions are formed remain a matter of dispute between different schools of thought, with a traditional view emphasizing the role of rational reasoning (the rational dimension) , while others stressing the importance of internal mental processes (the cognitive dimension), or the social context in which this occurs (the social dimension). See Michael E. Bratman (1999): Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason, Cambridge: Cambrigde University Press. 3 Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig (2010): Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach, Third Ed., Pearson, p. 2. 4 Nils J Nilsson (2010): The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 13. 5 High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (2019): ‘A Definition of Artificial Intelligence: Main Capabilities and Scientific Disciplines’, European Commission, p. 6. 6 Peter Stone et al. (2016): ‘Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030’, Report of the 2015-2016 Study Panel, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. (September). 7 Elena Cresci (2017): ‘Chatbot That Overturned 160,000 Parking Fines Now Helping Refugees Claim Asylum’, The Guardian, 6/III/2017. 8 Simon Cocking (2016): ‘Using Algorithms to Achieve Digital Diplomacy’, Irish Tech News, 19/IX/2016. 9 Nick Bostrom (2014), Superintelligence : Paths, Dangers, Strategies, First Ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 63–69 and 6-11. 10 Katja Grace et al. (2018): ‘Viewpoint: When Will AI Exceed Human Performance? Evidence from AI Experts’, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 62, July 31, pp. 729–54. 11 Daniel W Drezner (2019): ‘Technological Change and International Relations’, International Relations, 20/III/2019. ; Stoney Trent and Scott Lathrop (2019): ‘A Primer on Artificial Intelligence for Military Leaders, Small Wars Journal, 2019; Edward Geist and Andrew Lohn (2018): How Might Artificial Intelligence Affect the Risk of Nuclear War? RAND Corporation; Greg Allen and Taniel Chan (2017): ‘Artificial Intelligence and National Security’, Belfer Center; Miles Brundage et al. (2018): ‘The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation’, 20/II/2018. 13 Ben Scott, Stefan Heumann, and Philippe Lorenz (2018): ‘Artificial Intelligence and Foreign Policy’, Stiftung Neue Veranwortung. 14 Michael C Horowitz et al. (2018): ‘Artificial Intelligence and International Security’, Center for New American Security (CNAS). 15 Corneliu Bjola (2017): ‘How Should Governments Respond to Disasters in the Digital Age?’, The Royal United Services Institute (RUSI). 16 Vincent Boulanin (2019): ‘The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Strategic Stability and Nuclear Risk’, SIPRI. 17 Bjola, Cassidy, and Manor (2019): ‘Public Diplomacy in the Digital Age’, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 14, April, p. 87. 18 Maximiliano Ribeiro Aquino Santos (2018), ‘Cognitive Trading Using Watson’, IBM blog, 12/XII/2018. About the Author Corneliu Bjola is Head of the Oxford Digital Diplomacy Research Group, University of Oxford. Leave a Reply
How a pandemic pickpockets a prophage Like Comment Read the paper Bacteria exist to compete for food. The cholera-causing bacterium Vibrio cholerae brings a harpoon gun (that my mentor Stefan Pukatzki and John Mekalanos coined the type VI secretion system or T6SS for short) to this food fight. This defense system is a contractile sheath around a spiked tube tipped with toxic effector proteins that are injected into nearby cells. Evolutionarily, the T6SS looks like a headless bacteriophage loaded onto the bacterial inner membrane. Early on, researchers highlighted the T6SS as a co-opted prophage, but these studies didn’t observe the process in action. While the majority of identified T6SS clusters carry phage-like structural genes, they lack the genes that make a phage mobile – integrases, regulators, etc. That is until we looked at Aux3. Our recent study ( shows how a prophage-like element was degraded into a T6SS cluster in pandemic V. cholerae. When I joined the Pukatzki laboratory in 2016, Stefan posed a question to me. “This T6SS island (Aux3) has a nearby integrase. Is it mobile?” He gave me five strains and 25 genomes. I did a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to test whether Aux3 could excise from the chromosome. In the first two weeks of my rotation, I found that Aux3 excised from one environmental isolate (AM-19226), but not from pandemic isolates. I spent the rest of my rotation and several I-70 traffic jams banging my head against the wall/steering wheel for ways to induce excision in the pandemics, but nothing worked. In a Hail Mary, I designed new primers. It turned out that I had an efficiency issue. All strains excised Aux3 without induction, but AM-19226 was excising significantly more (Fig. 1)! So why the difference? Figure 1. The gel that kicked it all off. (Top) Diagram of my PCR to detect excised Aux3 with primers shown as blue and orange arrows. (Bottom) My first gel image detecting excision of Aux3 in all samples but at different quantities. Luckily, a former PhD student, Daniel Unterweger, left me with the observation that while most strains with Aux3 carry a six-gene version, one non-pandemic V. cholerae strain (AM-19226) has ~45 phage-like genes in the Aux3 island. Stefan and I decided to take a step back and look at the greater V. cholerae population. I downloaded 749 cholera genomes and got to searching. I spent hours on my girlfriend’s (now fiancé’s) couch wrestling with R as her roommate binged Dawson’s Creek (each of us suffering emotionally in our own way). From this grind arose a crucial finding; while all pandemic V. cholerae isolates had the six-gene Aux3, nine environmental strains had a 40-plus gene version that looked a lot like an intact prophage. This realization gave me the idea that we were looking at a snapshot of T6SS development in that I had a prophage-like element bouncing around in the environment that was degraded to just the components that conferred a competitive edge in pandemic strains (Fig. 2). Figure 2. The Big Picture. (Left) Theoretical tree of V. cholerae evolution with Aux3(+) strains in green and Aux3(-) strains in blue. Green dashed arrows represent Aux3 lateral transfer. (Right) Schematics of the readily excised environmental Aux3 (bottom) and the domesticated pandemic Aux3 (top). This finding still didn’t explain the differential excision in pandemic and environmental strains, until I looked more closely at the recombination machinery. I found that somewhere along the evolutionary path of pandemic V. cholerae, a piece of the Aux3 integrase was lost, reducing the enzyme’s functionality and Aux3’s ability to exit the chromosome. Further, the pandemic Aux3 lost a recombination directionality factor (this finding brought to you by three constructive reviewers and three months of Covid-19 lockdown in a small Denver apartment with nothing to do but stare at genomes and read papers). This small protein works with the integrase to drive excision. In short, Aux3 excision is blocked by two separate mechanisms in pandemic V. cholerae, indicating a selective pressure to maintain Aux3. This story is the product of four years of confusion and enlightenment. In that time, I’ve learned to trust my gut, trust my reviewers, but never the first set of primers. In the end, we think these findings paint a picture of phage domestication in T6SS evolution and point to Aux3 as a potential pandemic factor in V. cholerae. I hope you enjoy the paper as much as I enjoyed the ride. Frank Santoriello PhD Candidate, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
how the garcia girls lost their accent by julia alvarez How the Garcia girls lost their accent by julia alvarez. According to me, the most important issue discussed in ‘How the Garcia Girls Lost their Accent’ by Julia Alvarez is that of linguistic and cultural differences that the Spanish girls faced during their stay in United States. Language held great importance culturally and literally to each member of the Garcia family in different ways. The very title of Julia Alvarez’s How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents reveals that the whole plot is moving around the language in this novel as it chronicles the difficult paths that four young sisters from the Dominican Republic take while growing up in the United States. According to Mikhail Bakhtin, in “Discourse in the Novel”, language is more than words, more than just the syntax and grammar. Language is a mind-set of the speaker, a cultural and historical expose, “a living, socio-ideological, concrete thing, and a heteroglot opinion”. When individuals communicate they reach the world through words across the barriers of difference their environments have created. In successful communication, participants “find newer ways to mean”, words merge, and new worlds are created. Language actually lies on the borderline between one’s self and others. Yolanda, the true central role of The García Girls, is constantly underscoring the complex relationship of the languages, Yolanda, in being called “vivacious”, has to confer with the dictionary and upon learning the word’s meaning in Spanish “[I] was relieved to find out it didn’t mean I had problems. English was then still a party favour for me—crack open the dictionary, find out if I’d just been insulted, praised, admonished, criticized” (Álvarez 87). The excerpt shows that Yolanda being a poet had many difficulties not only in conveying her ideas and thoughts from Spanish to English language, but also couldn’t understand whether she was being praised or criticize or insulted for her poetry work. Yolanda was never careless about the language, since she considered herself a poet with a highly discerning literary perspective. Her husband John’s monolingual limitations frustrated her and led to the end of their relationship, when they lose the ability to communicate effectively. The corrosion of her ability to make sense of language led to her impending mental breakdwn. Yolanda was one of the four victims of Dominican-American cross cultural differences. Her sister Laura uses adopted idioms carelessly, yet always effectively communicates her meaning even if she mixes up the particular images. Sandra’s collapse is also preceded by her fear that she’ll lose the ability to read and reason with language, demonstrating that humanity for her is symbolized by language itself. Carla’s difficulties fitting into American society and communicating with the authorities, such as teachers and the police, stem from her inadequate English ability. For her, language is powerful enough to eliminate and segregate, in addition to the power to unite and assist communications. In another excerpt, in chapter 1, ‘She has been too frightened to carry out any strategy, but now a road is opening up before her…. Then, as if the admission itself loosens her tongue, she begins to speak, English, a few words, of apology at first, then a great flood of explanation. . .’ The situation depicted in the above excerpt happened when Yolanda got lost while gathering fresh guavas in the countryside, and got a flat tire. She was terrified when she had to reveal her American identity to the two strange men who tried to help her. It was ironic as her trip to Dominican Republic was to affirm her Dominican identity and bond to her cultural and family roots. During this moment of fright, she felt most comfortable pretending not to understand a word of Spanish and could only explain herself by remaining tightly enclosed within her American identity and adhering to the English language. Another instance which shows the amount of attention the Garcia girls were putting in learning the English language to create a niche for themselves in the American society is in chapter 3 ‘The four girls’ in the following extract: ‘The words tumble out, making a sound like the rumble of distant thunder, taking shape, depth, and substance. Yolanda continues: “Doc, rock, smock, luck,” so many words. There is no end to what can be said about the world.’ After Yolanda’s stay in the mental hospital, she began to retrieve language and its meanings. Following the period when she could only quote or misquote the phrases that she came across, she was now able to label objects and play word games. By rhyming and naming, Yolanda regains the ability to use language and transmit meaning. The moment when she realized that there are unlimited words in which world can be described and expressed, her artistic ass well as emotional healing took place. She prepared herself to write to a broader audience, as well as communicate with the people she loved and cared about. It wasn’t just the linguistic trauma the sisters went through, but also a cultural one when they had to switch form Dominican culture to that of the American society. The quote which shows how they felt while leaving their homeland for United States is: ‘So, Laura thinks. So the papers have cleared and we are leaving. Now everything she sees sharpens as if through the lens of loss. She will miss this glorious light warming the inside of her skin and jewelling the trees, the grass, and the lily pond beyond the hedge.’ It shows that the moment when Laura realized that she and her family would be leaving the Dominican Republic for an indefinite period of time, aroused a striking and traumatic transition. The immediacy of this turning point indulged her in her surroundings in suddenly different ways. The details of her home that previously was overshadowed by her perceptions come forward to occupy her concentration. The light and plants, which would be different in the United States, came to have a worth that firmly grasped her consciousness. The novel has expressed the issues faced by Dominican immigrants in a very sensitive way showing how something seemingly very trivial can affect another person so deeply. The issue of linguistic and cultural backgrounds has been dealt with minute details showing its negative as well as positive influence on the characters in the novel. In short, Julia Alvarez has touched upon some sensitive topics which keeps the reader thinking even after he finishes reading it. Alvarez, Julia, ‘How the Garcia Girls Lost their Accent’. Published by Penguin Books in year 1991. Calculate the price of your order Basic features • Free title page and bibliography • Unlimited revisions • Plagiarism-free guarantee • Money-back guarantee • 24/7 support
How can solar energy be profitable? Sunlight, the renewable energy source, gets converted onto usable that by solar panels. The two key kinds of solar energy, named Solar photo voltaic (PV) and Concentrating Solar Power(CSP), convert the energy into usable mechanical energy. Solar PV battery storage cost is broadly utilized in renewable energy because of their long-lasting durability, reliable life and low cost. Many people believe that battery storage is important to their systems. In the event of a power failure, they do not want to go to their homes without electricity. This is especially true for states that are known for blackouts. For this reason, these people do not want to give up their batteries. There are discussions about prohibiting the use of battery backed solar systems in some utility networks. So far, the net measurement has prevailed through the use of batteries or without batteries. As the market is expanding globally, the importance of implementing these cells as the energy storage component for renewable energy is vivid now. The energy gets stored in batteries and used for electricity in residential and commercial places. The panels used in this process are efficient and easily manufactured; therefore,the cost is surprisingly low. Day by day solar technology advances and thus the panels become more popular. You can bank on any leading web-based platform and buy online. Advantages of Solar Power Key advantages of such power units, which make them largest source of renewable energy, ahead of wind and hydroelectric are as mentioned below: -It is a clean and renewable source. -After installing the panel, energy can be generated without any cost. -This renewable energy lasts forever. So you can be just stress-free as long as you have batteries and the sun keeps shining. -Keeps environment pollution free. -Using solar cells is logical and practical too because it produces no noise. -Needs very low maintenance. -There are different corners around the world where electricity has not been reached yet. Using renewable energy and batteries in those places is the perfect option to remains tress-free. -Helps to save rising costs of electricity bills.Acts as a portable energy resource which is easy to use in any obscure zone. The renowned online places offer quality batteries for solar PV battery storage cost, like ST040H, ST100S, ST075H, ST150S etc. that are designed in sync to make proper use of resources and give impeccable performance. These are certainly user-friendly and last for long period of time. The payment facilities are multiple and delivery assistance is good. So shift your choice from traditional sources of electricity to those powered by solar cells and bank on a trusted manufacturer online today in order to save budget and stayhassle-free.
Best Answer Botswana invented swimming in the early 1960s. User Avatar Wiki User 2012-07-28 22:31:11 This answer is: User Avatar Study guides See all Study Guides Create a Study Guide Add your answer: Earn +20 pts Q: What country invented the sport known as swimming? Write your answer... Related questions Who invented swimming as a sport? W.H Williamson is credited for inventing swimming as a sport by coming up with the first swimming rule in 1804. This rule was commonly known as the lifebelt. What is the year the sport swimming invented? 1 882 What sport is best exercise cross country skiing or swimming? When did Benjamin Franklin invent swimming? Benjamin Franklin never invented the concept of swimming, nor the sport. What sport is Michael Phelps known for? Michael Phelps is known for swimming. What year did swimming become a sport? Swimming has been known since prehistoric times. What country is the sport swimming popular in? The United States What Olympic Sport is Australia known for? Australia is known for equestrian, and also swimming. Why is swimming a more popular sport? swimming is really a relatively not very known sport in the U.S. Michael Phelps made it popular though he is an enormous disgrace to the swimming world believe you me. Why was competitive swimming invented? When was the sport known as 'Capture the flag' invented? It was invented in 1843. What Olympic sport was originally known as water ballet? Synchronized swimming What country is swimming a national sport? The United States has a Swim team. What is a good exercise to help loose lower body fat? There is running and swimming. Swimming is known to be the best sport for the body. Are swimming are a sport? yes the swimming is a sport Who was the person that invented the sport badminton? It is not known who invented the sport badminton. It is thought to have originated in Greece over 2000 years ago. Which was the most known sport in the Commonwealth Games? I think it was swimming especially in Australia. What does FINA stand for in swimming? In swimming FINA stands for Federation Internationale de Natation. This group is also known as the International Swimming Federation and they administer international competitions for the sport of swimming. When was cross country skiing invented as a competitive sport? It is not exactly clear when cross country skiing was invented as a competitive sport. It is accepted the first competitive races were held in Norway in 1879 and it has grown from there. What country did swimming come from? Swimming is thought to be thousands of years old and may have been started by the Ancient Egyptians. Swimming as a sport was introduced in Great Britain in the 19th century. Is synchronized swimming a sport? Yes, synchronized swimming is a sport. What is the most strenuous sport around? cross country, track, triathalons, swimming, boxing or cross country skeeing are a few What type of sport is baseball known as? In the United States, baseball is known as a national pastime and is the national sport of the country. What is the best sport for cardiovascular fitness? The top sport for cardiovascular health is Cross Country Skiing but swimming is a close second.also track and field What country was the first to have the sport tennis? The french invented tennis
Why Experts Believe Gardening Is Good For Both Your Physical And Mental Health There’s been a growing amount of research surrounding what we can do for ourselves at home to continue to practice good physical and mental health habits. After the last year, we’ve all had to adapt our lives to make sure that we’re constantly stimulating our brain, and moving our body to ensure that we remain as healthy as possible. Gardening has become one of the most popular pandemic activities and for good reason. A growing amount of research has proven that gardening is not only great for your physical health because it gets you up and moving, but your mental health as well, due to the fact that it gives you tasks to focus on, while also adding beauty to your space. Embed from Getty Images James Wong is a botanist and journalist who recently looked into this concept more deeply, and found that gardening has actually helped a lot of people cope with the isolation of the past year. Wong explained how in general, “research has shown that mindfulness exercises that focus one’s attention on the here and now and stop our minds wandering to the past or worrying about the future are an important therapeutic tool.” So gardening has always acted as a form of therapy for many people. “Gardening is a classic example of such a mindfulness exercise, where you clear out extraneous thoughts and focus on what is in front of you, especially given the seasonal nature of gardening.” Embed from Getty Images “In fact, many Eastern cultures that have a long tradition of mindfulness are fixated on the beauty of seasonal plants, such as cherry blossom, precisely because of their transience, not in spite of it. So, in my opinion, fake plants and a green fence are unlikely to provide the full benefit,” Wong explained. There’s also a major social aspect that comes with gardening that Wong explained has motivated many individuals to go out of their way to talk to others. “Studies conducted at community gardens found that gardening in such places has a significant positive impact on one of the key factors behind poor mental health – loneliness and isolation.” Wong recommends putting energy into your front lawn garden, or whichever part of your house is closest to your neighbors if you want to attempt to branch out and get to know the individuals you share a block with. “Each of these benefits appears to play only a small part in a much more complex puzzle, and the relative importance of each piece is likely to vary enormously for each person, to the point where they are often contradictory. When it comes to horticultural therapy, the best advice is it doesn’t matter how you do it, just do it the way that works best for you,” Wong explained.
Safety Agreement Form Although there are certain hazards present in the medical laboratory, it is possible to make the laboratory a safe working environment. Each laboratory worker must agree to observe all safety rules posted or un-posted which the instructor requires. No set of rules can cover all the hazards that may be present. However, several general rules are listed in the General Laboratory Safety Rules in your lab manual. Please fill out the following questions after reading over the General Laboratory Safety Rules below: General Laboratory Safety Rules 1. Eating, drinking, gum chewing, applying makeup, and handling of cell phones is NOT allowed in the laboratory. Food and beverages may not be brought into the laboratory. 2. Dress appropriately when working in the lab: 1. Avoid wearing chains, bracelets, or other loose hanging jewelry. 2. Tie long hair up or back to avoid contact with hazards, for example, chemicals, equipment, or organisms. 3. Closed toe shoes must be worn at all times 3. Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 1. Wear a fluid resistant laboratory coat. Remove your lab coat before leaving the laboratory or adjacent hallways. 2. Wear gloves when handling blood, body fluids, or hazardous chemicals. 3. Wear eye protection or use a counter-top acrylic shield when working with strong chemicals or anytime splashes are likely to occur. 4. Wash hands after removing gloves, when completing laboratory procedures, before leaving the lab, & at any other time necessary. 5. Use Standard Precautions when handling patient & biological specimens, including blood & diagnostic products made from human blood. 6. Maintain your work area 1. Clean & disinfect work area before & after laboratory procedures & any other time 2. Keep your work area neat and organized. 3. Wipe up spills promptly & use the appropriate clean up procedure for the type of spill. 7. Discard all contaminated materials into an appropriate, labeled biohazard container. 1. A special rigid, puncture-proof container must be used for disposal of sharps such as needles & lancets. 2. Contaminated items that would puncture a biohazard bag are disposed of in the biohazard boxes on the counter-tops. (Glass slides, Glass pipets, broken contaminated glass) 3. All other contaminated waste requiring biohazard disposal is disposed of in the biohazard bags on the counter-tops 8. Discard any uncontaminated broken glassware into cardboard containers designated for broken glass. 1. Do not use bare hands to pick up broken glass; use a broom or brush & dustpan. 9. When using laboratory equipment 1. Follow the manufacturer and instructor’s directions. 2. Report any broken or frayed cords, exposed electrical wires, or other damage to equipment. 10. Discuss any safety concerns or questions you may have with your instructor. 11. Report any accident to the instructor immediately. Fill out an accident report form. Reference: Basic Medical Laboratory Techniques, 4th. ed., 2000 Norman Walters, Barbara Estridge, Anna Reynolds, Delmar publishers.
Doggie Dementia Doggie Dementia Doggie Dementia Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCD) is a heart-breaking condition where a dog’s brain undergoes the process of ageing which may bring about a decline in their level of awareness, learning and memory capacity as well as their reaction to stimuli. The onset of symptoms is generally minor, but over time, they get progressively worse. Unfortunately, 50% of dogs older than 11 years of age display clinical signs of cognitive dysfunction. By the age of 15 years, 68% of dogs show at least one sign. Signs and Symptoms • anxiety • increased irritability • reduced interest in playing • appetite loss • changes in sleeping patterns • disorientation and confusion • reduced learning capabilities • failure to recall learned house rules and training • urinary and faecal incontinence • reduced interest in self-grooming • unnecessary licking Symptoms of CCD can coincide with age-related issues such as diabetes, arthritis, kidney conditions, cancer as well as sight and hearing loss so it’s important that you distinguish between the actual reasons your dog isn’t behaving as they used to. Perhaps they’ve stopped chasing their tail due to painful aches. On the other hand, it could be due to a progressive cognitive decline. A very helpful acronym that helps pet parents decipher if there’s more than meets the eye to their pooch’s condition is DISHA. DISHA was created to assist owners in distinguishing the obvious CCD symptoms and changes. • Disorientation and Spacial Awareness Issues – One of the most common signs is when a dog gets confused in their familiar environment. They may crawl behind an object and be unable to get out from behind it; they may enter or exit through the wrong door or stare blankly at a wall instead of doing something they’d typically do at that time of day. • Interactions: Your pooch might usually be the social butterfly on the block, but you gradually notice that they begin snapping or growling at dogs or children they used to be friendly to. In order to discount any physical conditions that could potentially be causing them pain, such as diabetes or arthritis, your vet will need to take blood tests, X-rays and ultrasounds. Your pooch may not show as much enthusiasm towards activities or treats that they once used to. • Sleep-Wake Cycle Changes A change in normal sleep patterns is a common symptom of CCD. Many pooches appear to interchange their daytime activities with their night time activities. If, for example, your dog used to sleep soundly but now paces most of the night, try leaving a light on for them or playing white noise for them. If this is unsuccessful in aiding their sleep issues, consult your vet for medication that may restore their sleep pattern. • House Soiling If your pooch is house-trained and suddenly begins “doing their business” indoors, this could be a vivid indication of CCD. Your dog has most probably lost the ability to control their elimination or forgotten where to eliminate entirely. If diabetes, bladder infections or kidney issues have been discounted from the equation, one can presume there’s been a cognitive decline. • Activity Level Although most dogs tend to become less active with age, those with CCD exhibit changes in how they respond to people, sounds and other stimuli in their environment. They may not find the enthusiasm to greet or play with you as they once did, they may display repetitive motions such as walking in circles, bobbing of the head or shaking of the legs. This behaviour is usually linked to deterioration of the brain and less likely to be confused with other conditions. Pet parents should also acknowledge that something isn’t right if their usually serene pooch begins barking unexpectedly and unnecessarily. If you notice anything peculiar along these abovementioned lines, consult your veterinarian immediately. Your veterinarian will require a thorough account of your dog’s medical history as well as when you initially noticed associated symptoms and the nature thereof. It’s also useful to mention any likely occurrences that may have triggered the abnormal behaviour or complications. Once a physical examination has been conducted by your vet to assess your pooch’s overall health and cognitive performance, ultrasounds, X-rays and blood tests will be carried out to discount other conditions that may be linked to cognitive dysfunction syndrome. Unfortunately, there is no way to stop cognitive deterioration, but it is possible to decelerate the process so that the number of problems that potentially arise can be minimised. By feeding your pooch a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and anti-oxidants, vitamin C and E, flavonoids, beta carotenoids, selenium and carnitine carotene as well as enhancing your furry loves one’s environment, you may increase their chance of cognitive improvement. Keeping your fur child mentally and physically stimulated with food puzzles, frequent scheduled play sessions, walks and socialising with other dogs, are vital to arouse their brain activity and enhance their learning and memory capabilities. Your veterinarian may also prescribe psychoactive medication and dietary supplements to hinder your pooch’s cognitive decline. This will be introduced in accordance with your dog’s medical history and current health status. Your pooch should be regularly assessed by your veterinarian to evaluate how they are responding to treatment as well as if there have been any developments in their symptoms. You will need to update your vet immediately if any further changes in their behaviour arise. If, however, your dog’s behaviour appears stable, bi-annual check-ups will suffice unless further issues surface. Written for inFURmation by Taliah Williamson
Search for "" Displaying 141-151 of 151 results History of Birth Control in Canada Francophonie and Canada The term francophonie has been in common use since the 1960s. It has several meanings. In its most general sense, it refers to all peoples and communities anywhere in the world that have French as their mother tongue or customary language. The term can also refer to the wider, more complex network of government agencies and non-government organizations that work to establish, maintain and strengthen the special ties among French-speaking people throughout the world. Lastly, the expression “La Francophonie” is increasingly used as shorthand for the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (International Organisation of La Francophonie). Scouts Canada The scouting movement was founded in England in 1907 by Robert Baden-Powell, then a lieutenant-general in the British army. Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 was the largest strike in Canadian history (see Strikes and Lockouts). Between 15 May and 25 June 1919, more than 30,000 workers left their jobs (see Work). Factories, shops, transit and city services shut down. The strike resulted in arrests, injuries and the deaths of two protestors. It did not immediately succeed in empowering workers and improving job conditions. But the strike did help unite the working class in Canada (see Labour Organization). Some of its participants helped establish what is now the New Democratic Party. Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article. This is the full-length entry about the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. For a plain-language summary, please see Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 (Plain-language Summary). Orange Order in Canada The Orange Order was a political and religious fraternal society in Canada. From the early 19th century, members proudly defended Protestantism and the British connection while providing mutual aid. The Order had a strong influence in politics, particularly through patronage at the municipal level, and developed a reputation for sectarianism and rioting. Blackfoot Confederacy The Blackfoot Confederacy, sometimes referred to as the Blackfoot Nation or Siksikaitsitapi, is comprised of three Indigenous nations, the Kainai, Piikani and Siksika. People of the Blackfoot Nation refer to themselves as Niitsitapi, meaning “the real people,” a generic term for all Indigenous people, or Siksikaitsitapi, meaning “Blackfoot-speaking real people.” The Confederacy’s traditional territory spans parts of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, as well as northern Montana. In the 2016 census, 22,490 people identified as having Blackfoot ancestry.
Apple Tree, Prune tree Soil clay, trees open sun condition, wet and dry at times 4 seasons. Stoney Creek, Ontario Apple trees young fruits have spots Prune tree, young fruits are falling- seems most of them, quite a lot. The tree also has black looking pieces spread throughout. Thank you for contacting the Toronto Master Gardeners. There are a number of insects, disease and physiological disorders of apples can cause spots on the fruit. From your photo it is difficult for me to determine exactly what type of spots are exhibited on your apples The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) has an excellent website, What Are the Spots on My Apple? with photos so that you can determine with certainty what disorder is affecting your apples. The website also lists what stratgies are available to control your specific disorder. As for your plum tree question, it is one we have answered before so I’m attaching a link to a previous question & answer which should give you all the guidance you need, see below: Plum Tree losing fruit The black looking pieces that you are observing on your plum tree are probably black knot. Black knot is a fungal infection (Angiosporina morbosa) that affects mainly plum and cherry trees but also other trees of the Prunus genus such as apricot. The disease isn’t new. It was described in Pennsylvania almost 200 years ago. Previous inquiries to ASK regarding Black Knot and its control can be accessed through the following: Lastly, please note that as Toronto Master Gardeners, we answer gardening questions only for those whose gardens are in the city of Toronto. You will see that we highlight this at the top of our website page. Check the Master Gardeners of Ontario website to find your local Master Gardener group.
A reputable China tour operator & China travel agency from 1987 People and Social Customs China Ethnic Groups The Han Chinese are China's largest ethnic group, constituting more than 90 percent of the population. The traditional history of China is largely the story of the Han, who emerged in what is now northern China more than 4,000 years ago. The term Han comes from the name of the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)—a dynasty notable for its military prowess and prosperous life. The Han people distinguished themselves from other peoples of the region whom they considered barbarians, especially the nomads and herding peoples. The rest of China's population is comprised of 55 minority peoples. They are scattered over about half of China, notably in border regions. Some, like the Zhuang have been totally absorbed into Chinese society. Others, however, like the Tibetans and Mongols preserve their identities in their ancestral homelands. Their diversity is underscored by the geography and history of the regions they inhabit. The following is a brief view of the major ethnic groups of China: The Zhuang are the largest ethnic minority in China. Most are farmers who live in Guanxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The Mongols in China live mainly in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Many Mongols are nomadic herders. They travel from place to place with their animals and live in round, felt-covered yurts. The Hui are one of China's largest ethnic minorities. Many live in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, but Hui communities are scattered throughout the country. Most Hui are Muslims. Ethnic Tibetans live on the high Tibetan Plateau of southwestern China. Most Tibetans are followers of the Gelugpa, or Yellow Hat, sect of Buddhism. Most Miao people live in Guizhou Hunan and Yunnan provinces. The Miao are well known for their intricate and colorful embroidery, which they sew into their clothing, and the intricate silver jewelry they make. The Yi live mainly in the mountainous areas of southwestern China. Traditional Yi society was a caste system consisting of landowning nobles, commoners, and slaves, but this system ended in the mid-20th century. Today the majority of Yi are farmers. Zhuang PeopleMongol PeopleHui People Tibetan PeopleMiao PeopleYi People About CCTContact UsPrivacy PolicyGeneral Terms Copyright© 1987-2019 China Connection Tours All rights reserved.
Understanding the Different Types of Vegetarian Diets November 25, 2021 Follow Us On: A vegetarian diet can be both beneficial to a person’s health and the health of the planet, as a vegetarian diet requires a smaller carbon footprint than a traditional meat-based diet, which makes it an attractive alternative during our current climate crisis. There are several types of vegetarian diets: lacto-ovo vegetarian, lacto vegetarian, ovo vegetarians, vegans, raw foodists, fruitarians, and semi-vegetarians. Many reasons exist why someone would choose to be a vegetarian — some people avoid eating meat because they don’t want animals to suffer, while others want to eat healthier food, or for spiritual reasons. No matter what your reason for becoming vegetarian might be, you should always make sure that you’re getting all the necessary nutrients from your plant-based diet while also supplementing it with vitamins. Make sure to consult with your healthcare practitioner before starting any diet. Different Types of Vegetarian Diets What are the Seven Types of Vegetarians? The vegetarian diet is the umbrella of the plant-based movement and within the umbrella there are seven different types of vegetarian diets: Lacto-ovo vegetarian diets exclude meat, fish, and poultry, but allow dairy products and eggs. Lacto vegetarians avoid eating all animal foods except dairy products. Ovo vegetarians avoid eating meat, fish, poultry, and dairy, except for eggs. Pescatarian diets exclude meat, poultry, and dairy, but allow fish products. Vegan the strictest form of vegetarianism, avoid using any animal product from food to clothes. Raw foodists only include plant-based foods that should not be cooked above the temperature of 40 degrees Celsius. Fruitarian is a plant-based diet based on fruits, nuts, and seeds, with a limited number of legumes. Also, some people follow a semi-vegetarian diet also known as a flexitarian diet, which is plant-based but includes meat, dairy, eggs, poultry, and fish in small quantities. To source the appropriate foods for one of the seven vegetarian diets, a person should shop at the type of store that has these types of diets in mind. Accordingly, The Vegetarian Butcher is a plant-based grocer located in Kelowna and Vancouver. It offers a wide range of high-quality plant-based products aimed at those practicing vegetarian diets, including their own pre-made plant-based meals for the whole family. A few of their product offerings include: Vegan burgers Vegan burgers Vegan Chicken Vegan Chicken Vegan Sausages Vegan Sausages Vegan Ground Meatballs Vegan Ground Meatballs Vegan Jerky Vegan Jerky Dairy-free cheeses Dairy-free Cheeses What are the different types of vegans? Vegans are the strictest of those who practice a vegetarian diet. Vegans generally choose to avoid animal products for either ethical, health, and/or environmental concerns. Many vegans are mindful of the larger carbon footprint made when producing animal-based foods, while also being concerned about the ethics behind the consumption of animal products. There are a number of types of vegan diets including: • Dietary vegans are those who consume a plant-based diet and avoid all animal products in their diet but use animal products in clothing and toiletry items. • Whole-food vegans are those who aspire to a diet rich in whole foods, like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. • Junk-food vegans are those who rely on heavily processed vegan foods such as vegan meats, frozen foods, and desserts. • Raw foodists are those who only consume foods that are raw or cooked at temperate below 40 degrees Celsius. • Fruitarians, this subset limits high-fat foods, such as nuts, avocados, and coconuts, while relying mainly on fruit. Other plants are occasionally eaten in small amounts. Vegans avoid all meat, chicken, fish, shellfish, eggs, dairy, and honey, as well as other animal by products. different types of vegans Can a vegetarian eat fish? Yes, the type of vegetarian diet that consumes fish and shellfish is known as pescatarians. Some people practice a semi-vegetarian diet where they can consume animal products from time to time. Alternatively, vegetarians who are wanting a fish and shellfish substitute can look towards plant-based alternatives like Sophie’s Kitchen, which is a leader in plant-based fish and seafood products. All their products are Tasty AF (as fish)! Sophie’s Kitchen products are non-GMO, gluten-free, soy-free, and kosher, they cater to people with food allergies and sensitivities as well as those who practice a plant-based diet and want something tasty for the whole family. Is a vegetarian diet healthier? A vegetarian diet can be healthy and offer a wide range of health benefits that can reduce the risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. A non-meat diet can also reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes which is correlated with obesity. Ensuring your plant-based diet is meeting all your body’s nutrients and supplementing with vitamins will ensure you are maintaining the healthiest form of a vegetarian diet. The Vegetarian Butcher was inspired by the wife of one of the co-founders, who was diagnosed with Stage 3 breast cancer. Changing to a vegetarian diet helped her turn her cancer around. During this time, they struggled to find any plant-based grocers to support her diet and recovery. Learn more about The Vegetarian Butcher and the wide range of product offerings that can help sustain your vegetarian and vegan diets. What do vegetarians eat instead of meat? There are many plant-based alternatives to meat and seafood that The Vegetarian Butcher and Sophie’s Kitchen carry. These plant-based alternatives such as plant-based meats, seafood, and chicken are a great nutritional supplement to its animal counter parts. Vegetarians also supplement their meat intake with a variety of foods that are high in protein and rich in fiber including vegetables, nuts, grains, fruits, and legumes. Do vegetarians eat cheese? Yes, some vegetarians do eat dairy products, this type of vegetarian diet is known as a lacto vegetarian who does not consume meat, chicken, or seafood but consumes dairy products like cheese. Semi-vegetarians, also consume dairy products from time to time. What protein can I eat instead of chicken? There are some vegetarian diets that allow for animal products like semi-vegetarian or pescatarian diets. Pescatarian diets include those who consume no land animals, however, consume fish and shellfish. Do vegetarians drink milk? Yes, some vegetarians drink milk this type of vegetarian diet is known as lacto vegetarian and allows for the consumption of dairy products. Those who practice a lacto vegetarian diet tend to incorporate dairy to ensure all nutrients like calcium are being supplemented. Do vegetarians eat eggs? Vegetarians can consume eggs to ensure they receive enough B12 and B2 vitamins which are vital at maintaining brain function and regulating your metabolism. Those vegetarians that consume eggs are known as ovo vegetarians, they don’t consume any other animal product except for eggs.
January – The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad Earlier this week, Muslims across the world celebrated the birthday of the prophet Muhammad. Mawlid an-Nabi or “Birth of the Prophet” is an annual celebration that takes place in most countries with an Islamic population or culture. It is only observed by Muslims. The term Mawlid is used in countries such as Egypt to symbolise the birthday of many other religious and historical figures. Countries such as Egypt, Dubai and Morocco regularly observe Mawlid on January 14th as these countries host a large Islamic population. Muslims observe this date by treating it as a national holiday. The celebrations are similar to that of “Eid”, with large firework displays, decorated crowds and prayers all dominating the schedule of the day. Friends and family will meet and share a meal together after gathering at a mosque for prayers. Many countries will show programmes that commemorate the event, especially in places like Egypt and the U.A.E. Interestingly, Saudi Arabians tend not to celebrate the birth of the prophet as it is not a significant date registered in the Qur’an. Are you planning on sending something to a family member or friend to commemorate Mawlid an-Nabi? RAND Logistics provide an international delivery service to the U.A.E and other countries that celebrate the event. Take a look at our range of services or you can contact us for more information regarding your shipment.
HMS (Handgun Metal Silhouette) What is HMS? Handgun Metal Silhouette (HMS) shooting is a group of target shooting disciplines. You shoot at metal cut-outs representing game animals at varying distances. Metallic silhouette shooting can be done with airguns, black powder firearms or modern handguns. Depending on the specific discipline the shooter aims at targets such as chickens, rams, turkeys and pigs, which are cut to different scales and set at certain distances. Metallic silhouette shooting dates back to the early 1900s, descending from an old Mexican sport where live game animals were staked out at varying distances as targets. By 1948 metal cut-outs were used instead of live animals, and the first metallic silhouette match was held in Mexico City. Because of its Mexican roots, in America the silhouettes are often referred to by their Spanish names: Gallina (chicken), Javelina (pig), Guajalote (turkey) and Borrego (ram). HMS Competitions The targets are set up in groups of 5 of each kind at the required distances for the given match with a silhouette’s width between them. Each group must be shot from left to right; if a target is missed then the next shot is taken at the next target. Any target hit out of order is considered a miss. In order to score a hit, the heavy metal target must be knocked down or pushed off the target stand by the momentum of the cartridge, and even a shot ricocheting off the ground in front of the target will count if it takes down the correct one. Targets are engaged in order of distance: chickens, pigs, turkeys, rams. You’re allowed to have a spotter with you to watch where the shots land and advise you on corrections to make. All disciplines require a minimum of 10 shots at each type of target, for a minimum of 40 shots per match; normal matches are 40, 60, 80 or 120 shots. Scores are recorded as the number of hits per rounds fired, so 30 hits with 40 shots would be a score of 30×40. A tie can be broken in one of two ways: a knock-out shoot-off or reverse animal count. The former is used at all state, regional and international championships and for the overall match winner. Master class and AAA shooters would shoot at Turkeys, AA class shoot at Rams, A shoots at Chickens and B class shoots at Pigs. The reverse animal count (number of hits on hardest animal to easiest) is used to save time and effort: whoever hits the most Turkeys would be the winner. If a tie still exists, whoever hit the most Rams would be the winner. This would continue to Chickens and finally Pigs. For IHMSA competitions, tie scores are broken by either reverse target count, or by shoot-offs, as determined by the match director. However, for state, regional and international championships, shoot-offs will be used to determine the winners in all categories and classes. For reverse target count, scores are compared starting at rams (the shooter with the most rams is the winner). This procedure is used sequentially down through turkeys, pigs and chickens. If a tie still exists, a shoot-off will be used to determine the winner. Shoot-offs will be in banks of 5 targets and can be any type or size, placed at any distance out to the maximum ram distance for the competition. Shooting strings will continue until all ties are broken. Knock-out shoot-offs are not allowed. Governing Bodies IMSSU is the international federation controlling metallic silhouette for both rifle and pistol competitions. International Handgun Metallic Silhouette Association (IHMSA) is a USA-based shooting organisation. There are some minor differences between the international federation IMSSU’s rules and those of the IHMSA, but it is generally possible to compete in all with the same equipment. New Zealand shoots to both IHMSA and IMSSU rules.
Feeling the Web Accessibility, UX/UI, Tactile Design \| 2019 Designers are often praised for being problem solvers, but what happens when accessibility enters the equation? Accessible design has become a unicorn in the design community: so many people aspire to create it, but few work hard to capture it. Why does it feel like extra work to design accessible digital environments? The answer requires us to define accessibility in terms of empathy. To do this, one must understand the five basic groups of disabilities, how to design for those communities, and the best practices to create an internet that is equally accessible to all. These are the five groups of disabilities to keep in mind when designing for the senses: • Vision-related disabilities make it difficult to perceive visual information. • Mobility disabilities are defined by the difficulty or inability to use one’s hands, arms, legs, or other body parts to interact. • Auditory disabilities relate a partial to complete inability to pick up sound. • Neurological disabilities refer to restricted sensory perceptions or mental processes. • Lastly, cognitive disabilities include loss of memory, reduced attention span and limited problem-solving skills. A practical approach to designing for this wide range of different abilities can be found in the acronym P.O.U.R. by W3C (the World Wide Web Consortium), an international internet standards organization. This tool helps design digital environments that are equally accessible to all users. If each standard is followed, you can be sure that your end product will be accessible to each disability group. Perceivable means on-screen information and user interface components must be easily presentable to users. While this might sound obvious, this is where many design processes fail. At the crux of this issue is the optical phenomenon of color. In essence, color is light perceived at different wavelengths. Many people use screens and cannot perceive color. As a result, it is the designer’s call to create accessible, digital environments that are accessible and do not rely solely on color to create a visual hierarchy. One of the ways this is achieved is through tactile UI. It is the designer’s call to create accessible, digital environments that do not rely solely on color to create a visual hierarchy. Tactile interfaces have their origins in the very first Mac GUI’s (Graphical User Interfaces) from 1984. Designers and engineers implemented a screen-based rendition of the area that users know best: their desks. This became known as the desktop metaphor. The result is utilities, folders, directories, notepads, hard drives and other items that have become icons on our screens. Tactile UI takes the same approach. You wouldn’t see a flat, dimensionless field of color for an elevator button. Real-world buttons have texture, depth, changing states, and feel attached to the button. If we can learn to marvel at elevator buttons, then we can learn to design tactile UI by implementing various user states, such as adding outlines or visuals other than color to communicate function. An approach like this will help create a better user experience for everyone. The second standard of accessibility in P.O.U.R. is operable. This involves designing interfaces that don’t depend on one interaction that a user might not be able to perform. On desktop, this means making websites that are accessible by use of the keyboard only. On mobile devices, we can consider touch targets and the thumb zone. Touch targets are the actionable areas extending beyond the visual bounds of a button. These areas are typically sized to accommodate the standard fingertip at 9mm2 (3/16 in2). To eliminate any pain points, consider the padding as you create buttons, and give that touch target a little more room than you’d think. A similar concept to touch targets, thumb zones have the greatest impact on mobile users. You know you’ve left the thumb zone when you find yourself shifting your grip or straining to reach a button on the far side of the screen. In the diagram below, it’s easy to see where you can place a button for ease and where a button might easily become a pain to reach. Understandable, the third standard, means that the information provided has to make sense to the viewer. This is where it is important to consider the concept of cognitive load, a proven and measurable restriction on how much new information that the human brain can reasonably process at one time. There are a great number of tools available to the designer that measure understandability, oftentimes the most useful of these can be the person next to you. Ask for feedback constantly. Share what you’re working on with your kids, your parents, your desk neighbor. These kinds of creative partnerships are what create an inclusive environment around design. This brings us to the fourth and final standard: Robust. This is perhaps the most importent part of this discussion. Defined in terms of screen-based environments, robust design is making something available to assistive technologies. This can be achieved by adding alt-text for images in code, using audio and video tags in HTML5, and applying accurate labels in web forms. Some of the most common assistive technologies are hearing aids, screenreaders like VoiceOver, and voice recognition software. VoiceOver is a screenreader technology that comes preloaded on your MacBook. Screenreaders translate on-screen information into speech and are a vital part of voice assistants like Siri and Alexa. People who are sighted can scan a screen for context, but audio is linear and requires some parsing out. You can use punctuation like periods, commas, semicolons and some others to do this, but it’s about building up accessible elements on the page for a better experience. There are strong practical reasons for making the web accessible, like equal access to productivity and a better information architecture. It is imperative we designers acknowledge those who are disabled and thoughtfully incorporate accessible design into our workflows. With empathy as a guiding philosophy, accessibility in design becomes second nature. Let’s collaborate toward building digital environments with equal access to productivity for all. Read More You’ve made it this far. Check out my other article Expand the Reservoir.
What does the vengeance symbolize? What does the vengeance symbolize? Vengeance implies an intensity to one’s desire for revenge. It’s often used alongside words like fury and wrath in accounts of those who have been wronged in some way. What happens to the vengeance in tale of two cities? Carton predicts that the Vengeance, Defarge, Cly, and Barsad will be consumed by the Revolution and end up on the guillotine. Who faked their death in a tale of two cities? Summary: Chapter 22: The Sea Still Rises Foulon had faked his own death to avoid the peasants’ fury but was later discovered hiding in the country. The revolutionaries set out to meet Foulon, led by Madame Defarge and a woman known only as The Vengeance. Who is Gaspard whom did he take vengeance on? In Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, Gaspard is a French peasant whose son is killed by the wicked Marquis St. Evremonde. He takes revenge by killing the Marquis and, after hiding for a year, is arrested and executed, much to the dismay of many of the townspeople. Is vengeance and revenge the same? According to Dictionary.com, “revenge” is defined as “to exact punishment or expiation for a wrong on behalf of, especially in a resentful or vindictive spirit.” Whereas, “vengeance” is defined as “infliction of injury, harm, humiliation, or the like, on a person by another who has been harmed by that person.” What do vengeance means in the Bible? vengeance, retribution, paybacknoun. the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life. “Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord”–Romans 12:19; “For vengeance I would do nothing. Is revenge ever justified? In believing that justice is in fact the same as revenge, with nearly invisible difference in matters of action, then revenge can still be conditionally justified: If both the individual and the state have been avenged, it is justice. Hence, further clarification of revenge being conditionally justified is necessary. What causes vengeance? People seek revenge when: They feel they have been attacked and suffered some unjust loss or injury. As a result they are feeling anger, hate, jealousy, envy, or shame. They are humiliated, especially if they are made to feel powerless, foolish, ridiculous, stupid, or ashamed. Where does God say vengeance is mine? Why did Darnay leave France? Darnay receives a letter from Gabelle, an employee who has been imprisoned due to his work for the Evremonde family. He decides to go back to France in order to intervene on behalf of Gabelle and perhaps even contribute to the Revolution’s effort to achieve justice and equality.
Visual slam is a technology based on computer vision for precise indoor location and positioning. In particular, Visual SLAM refers to the complex process of calculating the position and orientation of a device with respect to its surroundings, while mapping the environment at the same time, using only visual inputs from a camera. For example, Dragonfly is a visual SLAM technology. Introduction to Visual SLAM SLAM stands for “Simultaneous Localization and Mapping”. This means that the device performing SLAM is able to: • Map the location, creating a 3D virtual map • Locate itself inside the map Visual SLAM, also known as vSLAM, is a technology able to build a map of an unknown environment and perform location at the same time. It simultaneously leverage the partially built map, using just computer vision. As a result, Visual SLAM uses only visual inputs to perform location and mapping. This means that the only sensor required is a camera that has to be mounted on board of the device. No other external sensors are required, thus making this technology more flexible than LIDARS or UWB. Today, with the great improvements in automation and robotics, vSLAM is one of the most challenging open problems for developing autonomous robots and vehicles. For this reason, we have developed and created Dragonfly to solve this problem. We are proud to offer a robust and reliable technology for precise indoor location of robots, drones, autonomous vehicles. In conclusion, Dragonfly is a unique patented vSLAM technology that can work with monocular and stereo cameras. In addition, it is able to provide an accuracy up to 5 cm, without the use of LiDARs or of motion sensors. How can visual SLAM be used and what are the applications? Visual SLAM can be used in many ways, and its main scope is to provide precise location to autonomous devices, robots, drones, vehicles. As a result, we work with different companies all around the world to address multiple requirements and projects with Dragonfly. This is a partial list of the typical use cases that can be addressed by Dragonfly: • Provide location to robots and drones. Dragonfly comes with a direct ROS integration, upon request, becoming the first SLAM for ROS technology; • Remotely monitor the location of devices: Dragonfly can be used to track forklifts inside a warehouse for example, to optimize the operations; • Integrate autonomous navigation on board of Unmanned Ground or Aerial Vehicles (UGV, UAV); • Control the movements of machines for collision avoidance. Drones can be programmed to use Dragonfly as a location engine, and the location data can be used as a source for autonomous navigation. In addition, ROS nodes available upon request to integrate Dragonfly SLAM for ROS. Robots and automated devices can be tracked using Dragonfly, with an extremely high level of precision. Furthermore, ROS nodes available upon request to integrate Dragonfly SLAM for ROS. It is possible to install Dragonfly on Forklifts, to monitor their movements inside warehouses and improve the operation management. As a result Dragonfly is currently used by many of companies for advanced warehouse management. Are you interested in a ready-to-use WMS? Take a look at the On.Plant WMS! Dragonfly is a key component for indoor navigation. In particular, where GPS is not precise enough, or inside GPS-denied environments, Dragonfly can provide the optimal level of precision for autonomous navigation. How can vSLAM be integrated? Accuware Dragonfly provides all the tools to developers to integrate vSLAM. For this reason, Dragonfly offers API able to provide the real-time location of the device, and the output is a complete 6-DoF. It includes: • X, Y, Z coordinates, expressed in meters from an origin. • Absolute WGS-84 coordinates (latitude, longitude) + altitude in meters. • Yaw, Pitch, Roll : these values indicate the rotation of the device on the three axes. You can read more about the principle behind the Aircraft principal axes on Wikipedia. We are open to customize the API output upon request. In particular, our R&D team can tailor the payload to address different requirements (it is possible to add the speed indication, the deliver the output in other geographic protocols, to change the type of format…). So please feel free to contact us if you have custom requests. Accuware provides ROS nodes for direct ROS integration so that Dragonfly can be seamlessly integrated on board of Robots and devices using ROS. Interested in the technical aspects? Are you ready to test Dragonfly?
Here are 10 helpful tips on how to begin. 1. Determine the space or area you have for your tree(s). What is the light level like? Full sun, a few hours of sun, or bright shade? Heavily shaded or dark areas are not ideal for growing healthy bonsai. 2. Research tree species. Figure out which tree types will thrive in the space you have available. For example, Pines do best in sunny locations. Japanese Maples do best in part sun or bright shade. 3. When starting out, aim for specific species that are commonly used for bonsai. This ensures that you can find plenty of information on your tree. Plus you have a higher chance for success when developing your bonsai. Some plant material may be very appealing, but will not tolerate bonsai development techniques like root pruning or won’t reduce in twig and leaf size. This can cause some frustration… or just lead to a nice garden plant.
Food and Behaviour Research Donate Log In Latest News List Search News... Vitamin D the clue to more Autism spectrum disorder in boys A deficiency in Vitamin D on the mother's side could explain why Autism spectrum disorder is three times more common in boys, say researchers from The University of Queensland. Different forms of sugar impact hunger-suppressing hormones in young adults This study showed that when young adults consumed drinks containing sucrose, they produced lower levels of appetite-regulating hormones than when they consumed drinks containing glucose. Youth depression tied to higher risk of 66 diseases and premature death Depressed children and teenagers have an increased risk of suffering from premature death and a wide range of illnesses later in life. Young people with autism show cognitive gains from childhood to early adult life This is the first study to show that early language regression affects IQ trajectory. Glyphosate can create biomarkers predicting disease in future generations.....IN MICE Exposure to the widely used weed-killer glyphosate makes genetic changes to rats that can be linked to increased disease in their grandchildren and great-grandchildren, a new study has found. Autism study suggests connection between repetitive behaviors, gut problems In children with autism, repetitive behaviors and gastrointestinal problems may be connected, new research has found. Study finds 10 metabolites associated with risk of stroke A new analysis of recent studies has found that the levels of 10 metabolites detected in the blood are associated with a person's risk of stroke. Study reveals connection between gut bacteria and vitamin D levels This study suggests that it doesn't matter how much vitamin D you get through sunlight or supplementation, nor how much your body can store. It matters how well your body is able to metabolize that into active vitamin D This detailed study in mice revealed the extent to which bacteria can change the environment and contents of the intestines, which ultimately impacts behaviors like sleep. Teens' ultra-processed diet puts their hearts at risk Adolescents get about two-thirds of their calories from ultra-processed food! Cocoa flavanols boost brain oxygenation, cognition in healthy adults After ingesting the cocoa flavanols, participants performed better on the most challenging cognitive tests, correctly solving problems 11% faster than they did at baseline. A leaky gut may lead to a leaky brain. Here’s how to head it off Keep your gut microbes happy and they will keep you happy. They can even keep you feeling younger and smarter. Nutrient deficiency risks associated with veganism, study finds: ‘Vitamin B12 is well supplemented, iodine is a matter of concern’ People who follow strict vegan diets – excluding intake of all animal-based foods - have an increased risk of iodine deficiency, BfR researchers have found. Study discovers microbiome modulation possibilities in obese population Over the past decade, gut microbiota have been suggested to be an important contributor to the development of obesity and metabolic disease. Gut immune cells may help send multiple sclerosis into remission An international research team has shown, for the first time, that gut immune cells travel to the brain during multiple sclerosis (MS) flare-ups in patients. Can memory manipulation help treat alcohol addiction? Alcohol withdrawal directly impacts the brain's stress and memory systems, which may underlie individual susceptibility to persistent drug and alcohol-seeking behaviors. Changes to the brain's reward system may drive overeating in mice Intertwining food and reward can lead to overeating and may be a contributing factor to diet-induced obesity. Cannabinoids may help limit secondary damage of TBIs In the hours and days after a traumatic brain injury, inflammation inside the brain can accelerate to the point that more brain damage occurs, says a scientist working to better understand the acceleration and whether interventions like cannabinoids can improve patient outcomes. Childhood lead exposure leads to structural changes in middle-aged brains This study showed that there were deficits and differences in the overall structure of the brain decades after lead exposure Link between Alzheimer's disease and gut microbiota is confirmed This study confirms the correlation between an imbalance in the gut microbiota and the development of amyloid plaques in the brain, which are at the origin of the neurodegenerative disorders characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
Anti-phishing \| ESET Endpoint Antivirus for macOS \| ESET Online Help The term phishing defines a criminal activity that uses social engineering (the manipulation of users in order to obtain confidential information). Phishing is often used to gain access to sensitive data such as bank account numbers, credit card numbers, PIN numbers, or usernames and passwords. ESET recommends that you keep Anti-Phishing enabled (Setup > Enter application preferences ... > Anti-Phishing Protection). All potential phishing attacks coming from dangerous web sites or domains are blocked, and a warning notification is displayed informing you of the attack.
Who will be first to scoop the eland eating an indigenous willow? The Dutch were the first northern Europeans to explore southern Africa in the seventeenth century. Immediately, at the site of what is now Cape Town, they met an antelope (https://dewetswild.com/2014/06/27/common-eland/#jp-carousel-4870 and https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photography-some-eland-image21533192) which reminded them of the European Alces alces (https://fineartamerica.com/featured/cow-moose-2-alex-mironyuk.html) in its rangy build, trotting gait (https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-moose-alces-alces-young-bull-with-small-antlers-foraging-in-moorland-136137922.html vs https://www.stuporterphotography.com/index/G0000.l6epIS9fOo/I0000oiE0dXv86_E), dewlap, pale legs, and browsing habits. They called this animal 'eland' because the Dutch name for the moose was, and still to this day is, 'eland'. That is right: the common name for Taurotragus oryx, the largest species of antelope, is the same as the Dutch name for the largest species of deer. Of course, everyone knows better than to read too much into a name coined as a historical accident. After all, the eland is restricted to Africa whereas the moose is restricted to the boreal North, and their ranges have always been thousands of kilometres apart, in categorically different climates. However, there is one unexpected link between them, one of those caprices of Nature which can delight the biogeographical curiosity of any naturalist. If there is a single genus of plants which is most significant for the moose, it is willows (Salix). Willows are mainly rather nondescript-looking shrubs in a boreal biome characterised by its coniferous trees. However, it is the willows that the moose depends on (https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-bull-moose-foraging-on-willow-trees-in-the-toklat-river-valley-in-173192723.html) because, like natural weeds, they are exceptionally nutritious, accessible and fast-growing, and seem to thrive on abuse by herbivores. In their innate generosity, willows can perhaps be thought of as the woody equivalent of lawns, flexible of stem and eager to be mown so that they can keep refreshing their growth during the brief Northern summer (https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-bull-moose-feeding-leafes-of-a-willow-103500947.html). Indeed, it seems possible that, without these plants, the moose would not be able to afford its antlers - which, unlike the horns of the eland, are re-grown and discarded each year as if by analogy with the affluent foliage of the willows (https://www.alamy.com/large-bull-moose-amongst-the-willows-in-a-boreal-forest-image271990520.html). Given that Africa is a hemisphere, a continent and several floras apart from the home of the moose, who would have predicted that a species of willow would occur - an outlier but fully indigenous - in the habitat of the eland? And that it would occur on the very site where the Dutch first landed, and first met the eland? Such is the case for the Cape willow (Salix mucronata), which grows widely but inconspicuously in South Africa (see map in https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/593611-Salix-mucronata). The Cape willow is probably not as nutritious as the boreal willows favoured by the moose. However, it was probably part of the original diet of the eland, which occurred throughout the distribution of this plant species. To obtain a once-in-a-lifetime photo of the eland 'coming full circle' to its namesake, in eating the Cape willow, naturalists still have several places to visit with a specific search-image. The most natural of these - still nearly the same as it was when the Dutch first established Cape Town more than three centuries ago - would be the Nyika Plateau of Malawi (https://www.africaguide.com/country/malawi/nyika_national_park.htm), where the eland remains common in an original, wild population (https://www.alamy.com/a-herd-of-common-eland-taurotragus-oryx-in-the-grasslands-of-the-nyika-plateau-nyika-national-park-in-malawi-image344122819.html). Here the Cape willow grows in a unique outlying population deep within the tropics (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/44890322). There should also be several conservation areas, including privately-owned ones, in various parts of South Africa, particularly the provinces of Western Cape (e.g. https://www.alamy.com/eland-in-the-cederberg-mountains-image337582150.html and https://es.123rf.com/photo_130063893_eland-in-the-cederberg-mountains.html), Eastern Cape (http://shutterstock.puzzlepix.hu/kep/1680384328) and Mpumalanga, where the eland has been reintroduced (https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/628/206817.html) and the Cape willow grows humbly as part of the natural community of shrubs along streams. Is capturing the African equivalent of https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-moose-alces-alces-gigas-cow-eating-willow-salix-sp-just-south-of-denali-43929406.html not a worthy challenge for a new generation of naturalists with a heightened appreciation of the subtle connections among seemingly disparate continents and organisms? Publicado por milewski milewski, 13 de septiembre de 2021 The following is a good source of photos of Taurotragus oryx: https://dewetswild.com/2014/06/27/common-eland/. Publicado por milewski hace 3 meses (Marca) That was nice reading! Thanks! I guess I will have to travel to Malawi then! Publicado por sonnekke hace 3 meses (Marca) Agregar un comentario Acceder o Crear una cuenta para agregar comentarios.
(602) 780-1440 Wondering what bed bugs are? Interested in learning more? Call (602) 780-1440Contact Us What are bed bugs? Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are parasitic insects that feed exclusively on human and mammalian blood at night. Bed bugs are small and flat; and they bite during sleep. They can trigger dangerous allergic reactions or spread dangerous blood-borne diseases among people and animals. What do bed bugs look like? Bed bugs are red, rust-colored, or brown in color. Bed bugs do not fly; they are wingless. Adult bed bugs can be as small as 1mm or they can grow as large as 7mm long, but typically they average around 2-4mm in length, around the size of Lincoln’s head on a penny or FDR’s head on a dime. Bed bugs are almost impossible to starve since they can survive for almost a year without a single blood meal. What are the common signs of a bed bug infestation? The presence of a bed bug infestation is often apparent from the small bite marks that form on your skin after a bed bug bite. Unfortunately, bed bug bite marks can take up to 2 weeks to become noticeable, so you should look for other common signs of infestations such as: • Discarded bed bugs exoskeletons from previous molting • Bed bugs inside mattresses and sheets • Small blood spots on sheets from small bed bug feces and excrement • Unusual and unexplainable odors in sheets, mattresses, or pillows What are the main causes of bed bugs? Travel is a frequent and common cause of bed bug infestations. Often unbeknownst to the unsuspecting travelers, bed bugs will hitchhike on people, clothing, luggage, or other personal belongings from an infested site to an uninfested site. Because bed bugs are small and nocturnal, they are extremely adept at going unnoticed by humans. Am I at risk for bed bugs? Unfortunately, yes. Bed bugs target anyone and everyone. If you have visited an area infested with bed bugs, whether you realized it or not, you are at risk of bringing bed bugs home on your clothing or personal items and developing an infestation. If you travel frequently or if you share a communal living or bedroom space with others, you have a higher risk of being exposed to or accidentally spreading a bed bug infestation. How can I tell if we have bed bugs? Rusty or reddish stains on bed sheets or mattresses caused by bed bugs being crushed. Dark spots (about this size: •), which are bed bug excrement and may bleed on the fabric as a marker would. Eggs and eggshells, which are tiny (about 1mm), and pale yellow skins that nymphs shed as they grow larger. How can I get rid of bed bugs fast? How to Help Get Rid of Bed Bugs Fast: 5 Steps to Take Now 1. Reduce Hiding Spots and Cut Down on Clutter. Consider getting rid of anything unneeded such as old magazines and newspapers. … 2. Clean the Infested Space. … 3. Make it Hard for Bed Bugs to hide. … 4. Be Mindful of Your Bed. … 5. Give the Experts Access. How much does it cost to treat bed bugs? How much does it cost to professionally remove bed bugs? For a full bed bug removal, expect to pay anywhere from $500 to $1,500, depending on the method you choose and the experience of your exterminator. Most will charge you a fee for consultation, which includes visiting your home and doing a thorough inspection. What does an exterminator do to get rid of bed bugs? Exterminators use a variety of strategies to get rid of bed bugs such as heat treatment, mattress encasements, crack and crevice injection/spot treatment, and pesticide dust. What do bed bugs hate? How long does it take an exterminator to get rid of bed bugs? Are bed bugs hard to get rid of? Don’t panic! It can be difficult to eliminate bed bugs, but it’s not impossible. Don’t throw out all of your things because most of them can be treated and saved. Throwing stuff out is expensive, may spread the bed bugs to other people’s homes, and could cause more stress. Heat treatments and pesticide treatments can be utilized to reduce the impact of bed bug infestations. How long does it take to kill bed bugs with heat? Can bed bugs survive after heat treatment? Heat kills all life stages of bed bugs, from egg to adult. A heat treatment only requires one treatment visit, and it can be accomplished in one day. Therefore, no follow-up visits are required. So, your bugs will be gone in a single day, instead of weeks. Contact Us If you have a problem with bed bugs, we are ready to help you with the best solutions. Do you need a proven bed bug exterminator near you? Your search ends here and we are ready to keep these annoying bugs away from your home. Contact us and get rid of bed bugs and their eggs and regain full control of your home.
Getting to Know Your Hearing Aids Getting to Know Your Hearing Aids In Hearing Aid Technology, Hearing Aids by Jeff Baller, Au.D., CCC-A Jeff Baller, Au.D., CCC-A A new set of hearing aids can bring your world to life in new ways, introducing you to a spectrum of sound you might have forgotten existed. When we lose our hearing, it tends to go in the higher frequency ranges, and we lose the ability to hear quiet sounds first. In combination, these features of hearing loss mean that we might not be able to hear voices in a conversation or the subtle sounds that make the sonic world so enjoyable, such as the chirp of birds, the buzz of insects during the summer, or children laughing at a playground. Welcome back to the world of full-spectrum hearing! Now that you have your new devices, you might be curious about the different features, styles, and components of a hearing aid making it work so well. The following are some basics of hearing aids to help you understand what is going on behind the scenes. Hearing Aid Components The components of hearing aids are each essential to functioning, and all four must work in concert to make them deliver the right sounds to your ears when you need them most. The first component is a microphone, capturing the sounds of the world. This tiny microphone is powerful enough to direct quiet sounds to your ears but it is also inundated with loud sounds at the same time. For this reason, the next component—a computer—is necessary in the latest hearing aid models. The computer transforms the sounds that are captured by the microphone into sounds that are appropriate for your hearing. The next component is an amplifier, necessary to take the digital sound profile transformed in the computer into something audible. The final component, the speaker, takes that amplified sound signal and boosts it to the right level for your personal needs. Hearing Aid Types The different types of hearing aids are categorized according to the placement of these components within the units. Behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids have a unit that sits above or behind the hearing aid as a hook or as a distinct compartment that is attached via a tiny tube to the rest of the components. In-the-ear (ITE) hearing aids come as a single compartment that sits in the curvature of the outer ear. These hearing aids tend to be visible to the eye, though they are often skin-toned to make them blend into the color of the skin. In-the-canal (ITC) hearing aids are much smaller, and they rest entirely in the canal of the ear, making them less visible and fully contained in the ear canal. Completely-in-the-canal (CITC) hearing aids are the tiniest yet, using a single unit that is completely invisible from sight within the ear canal. Each of these hearing aid styles comes with its own profile of benefits and detriments, and the model suited to one person may not be right for another. For example, a person with dexterity issues in the hands may not want a CITC unit because it may be difficult to take in and out of the ears. However, a person who does not want to have the hearing aid visible to an onlooker might prefer this style for its invisibility and sleek appearance. Hearing Aid Features The number of features available in hearing aids continues to grow with the vast amount of research and development being invested in new technology. Some of the latest hearing aid models include Bluetooth compatibility, making it possible to stream music directly to the units and to hearing the phone ringing or other Smartphone notification within the hearing aids themselves. Some of these units can be synced with the television or other media devices to keep the general volume low in the room while being able to hear everything that is going on. Speech recognition technology is quickly advancing, as well. New hearing aids make it possible to discern the voice of a person speaking to you in a loud room full of other voices, one of the functions that was frustrating in the past. Some hearing aids are even waterproof, making it possible to hear clearly while swimming. The list of new features goes on and on, so be sure to mention some of the special ways you would like to use your hearing aids during your consultation. Professional Hearing Services If you’ve noticed changes in your hearing, it is important to take a hearing test. At Professional Hearing Services, we provide comprehensive hearing health services, from hearing tests to hearing aid fittings. Contact us today to schedule an appointment.
Anti-bullying statement At Chesterton Primary School we believe that bullying is an anti-social behaviour that affects everyone. We are committed to providing a caring, friendly and safe environment for all members of our school community so they can learn and work in a relaxed and secure environment without fear of being bullied. We actively promote a climate of co-operation and positive behaviour to reduce the number of incidents and the likelihood of bullying occurring. This will enable our pupils and staff to reach their full potential. Bullying of any kind is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. If bullying does occur, all pupils and staff should be confident to tell someone about it and know that all incidents will be dealt with promptly and effectively. We are a TELLING school. This means that anyone who knows that bullying is happening is expected to tell someone they trust. Our anti-bullying policy can be found on the Policies Page.
Technology QuarterlyMar 7th 2009 edition Video analysis Machines that can see Computing: Advances in computer-vision software are begetting a host of new ways for machines to view the world Nick Dewar ENSURING that employees wear warm smiles when helping customers is good business—but no easy task, even for attentive managers. Omron Corporation, a Japanese developer of robotics software, is concocting a solution. Its software can analyse digital images, including video, to recognise and classify facial expressions. Soon the company will start selling a “smile measurement” system that will alert managers—in real time, if desired—when a cashier fails to muster an adequate grin. The software is configurable, so employers will be able to decide just how happy their employees should appear. Using computers to measure smiles will strike many as absurd. Yet machines are learning to see in increasingly reliable and useful ways, opening up a wide range of new applications. Indeed, computer vision, also known as object recognition, has developed so rapidly over the past few years that rather than struggling to make sense of what they see, computers can now outperform humans in some cases. Curiously enough, one such category is interpreting human facial expressions. Venu Govindaraju, a computer scientist at the University of Buffalo in New York, is designing software that helps determine the authenticity of expressions. He found that expressions that take as much time to form as to fade away are more likely to be genuine than those with unequal “onset” and “offset” durations. Detecting phoniness this way is far from fail-safe, but it is a good guide. So good, in fact, that Unilever, an Anglo-Dutch consumer-goods giant, is using expression-analysis software to pinpoint how testers react to foods. Procter & Gamble, an American competitor, is using similar technology to decipher the expressions of focus groups viewing its advertisements. Using computer vision to analyse how people react to advertising, combined with the ability to identify what sort of people they are, also provides new opportunities. Digital billboards—the large TV screens that display advertisements in public places—already take into account the weather (touting cold drinks when it is hot) and the time of day (promoting wine in the evening). NICTA, a media laboratory funded by the Australian government, has gone a stage further. It has developed a digital sign called TABANAR, which sports an integrated camera. When a passer-by approaches, software determines his sex, approximate age and hair growth. Shoppers can then be enticed with highly targeted advertisements: action figures for little boys, for example, or razors for beardless men. If the person begins to turn away, TABANAR launches a different ad, perhaps with dramatic music. If he comes back later, TABANAR can show yet another advertisement. “You tend to go: ‘Wow, thanks, how did you know I needed that?',” says Rob Fitzpatrick of NICTA. Computer vision can prevent sales, too. In Japan it recently became illegal to sell tobacco from vending machines without verifying that customers are at least 20 years old. Fujitaka, a maker of vending machines in Kyoto, promptly devised a solution: it built dispensers with artificial vision. Fujitaka's new machines refuse to sell cigarettes if their software detects plumpness in the skin (a tell-tale sign of adolescence) around a potential customer's eyes. Tests show that the system is slightly better at estimating people's ages than nightclub bouncers are. Ray Chiang of Fujitaka says sales surged after the government certified the technique last year. The elderly are also coming under scrutiny. Computer scientists at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute in Canada have been testing a computer-vision system for monitoring people living in nursing homes or alone. A cheap camera, stuck to the ceiling, wirelessly relays images to a small computer that monitors how people move. When someone neglects to brush their teeth, flush the toilet or wash their hands, a speaker can prompt them to do so. And if a person falls over or stops moving, and fails to declare that all is well when prompted by the computer, the system calls a relative or dials an emergency number. Watching while you work Similar software can identify slackers in fast-food kitchens. This year HyperActive Technologies of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is launching “HyperActive Bob”, a system that processes data collected by an array of cameras and alerts restaurant managers (either on site, or back at headquarters) when employees indulge in lengthy toilet breaks, or are slow to toss burgers onto the grill. The monitoring will be offered as a subscription, costing less than $200 a month for each restaurant. Nello Zeuch, an independent consultant based in Yardley, Pennsylvania, says computer-vision systems are also being used to monitor products on assembly lines, as well as the workers assembling them. In car factories, for example, workers can be notified by vision systems if components are missing or improperly seated. In some cases, workers are warned if they reach for the wrong tool or part. In electronics factories vision technology has become a vital part of the testing process. A machine can examine a circuit board for faults almost instantly. A human would take far longer to do the same thing, and would be less accurate. Computers no longer struggle to make sense of what they see, but can instead outperform humans. Computer vision has even advanced to the point that it can perform internet searches with an image, rather than key words, as a search term. Later this year Accenture, a consulting firm, will launch a free service, called Accenture Mobile Object-Recognition Platform (AMORP), that will enable people to use images sent from mobile phones to look things up on the web. After sending an image of, say, a Chinese delicacy, a curious foodie might receive information gleaned from, for example. Fredrik Linaker, head of the AMORP project at Accenture's research centre in Sofia Antipolis, France, likens the project to “physical-world hyperlinking”. Microsoft is developing a competing service, known as Lincoln, which can already recognise more than a million objects in videos or photographs. Larry Zitnick, a Microsoft researcher in Redmond, Washington, notes that searching with images is often more precise than using words. Transmitting a picture of the Eiffel Tower taken from a magazine, for example, will fetch web pages that include information about travelling to Paris. Sending video footage of the monument itself, by contrast, will return web pages that contain useful information about the tower's opening hours, or good places to eat nearby. Sending pictures to the internet could help robots as well as people. Jim Little of the University of British Columbia in Canada wants to make robots less clumsy. He has connected robots wirelessly to the internet, enabling them to search for pictures online so that they can quickly learn to recognise nearby objects. Curious George, one of Dr Little's robotic creations, can identify a book, for example, by finding a picture of it on Amazon, a leading online retailer. One of the most promising uses of computer-vision software is in combating crime. In January a company called Evolution Robotics, based in Pasadena, California, began selling shopkeepers a system called LaneHawk InCart. When a customer arrives at a supermarket checkout, an overhead camera identifies the items on the conveyor belt and anything left behind in the shopping trolley. It then rings up the correct cost of the items. The system prevents “sweethearting”—the practice by which cashiers collude in a theft, either by failing to scan an item or by entering the wrong price. It also overcomes bar-code switching, in which would-be thieves remove the original bar-code and replace it with that of a cheaper item. Eyes of the law Nabbing drivers who switch car number-plates is another area where computer vision promises to help. Autonomy, a British firm, sells software that can recognise the make, model and colour of moving vehicles. By analysing data from roadside cameras, the system can notify police the moment a car drives past with a number-plate registered to another vehicle. Nick Dewar Similar technology is being used by repossession companies and other firms eager to get their hands on rogue vehicles. Last September Dijital Video ve Imge Teknolojileri, a firm based in Istanbul, launched a computer-vision system that uses a small camera mounted behind a car's windscreen. A law firm installed it in 20 cars to look out for wanted vehicles and alert the police. Within two months it had led to the arrest of 15 drivers. They were “quite surprised”, says Muhittin Gökmen, the company's founder. “They didn't know they could be captured like this.” Car-mounted vision systems can be used to prevent accidents as well as crime. The system sold by Mobileye Vision Technologies in Jerusalem, for example, notifies drivers of vehicles hidden in blind spots and advises them against changing lanes if speeding or erratically moving vehicles are nearby. The company has sold more than 100,000 systems to carmakers including BMW, General Motors and Volvo. This year Mobileye will launch a new system that applies the brakes if a collision is imminent. The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, meanwhile, is developing roadside vision systems for dangerous junctions. If approaching cars appear to be heading towards a collision, drivers are warned by flashing street signs. Such safety systems need not be limited to roads. DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung, a government agency responsible for air-traffic control in Germany, is about to launch vision software for airports. Using images collected by surveillance cameras, its Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System will warn traffic controllers of potential collisions between taxiing aircraft and vehicles ferrying luggage and food. Jake Aggarwal, an expert in the security implications of traffic patterns at the University of Texas at Austin, is using funds from America's defence department to analyse footage of suspicious driving filmed from above. Understanding vehicle movements, Mr Aggarwal says, is especially helpful to intelligence and security experts in Afghanistan and Iraq. Suspect vehicles include those that drive in circles and those that go to government buildings and military facilities, especially if they stop near them. Advances in computer vision, in short, have applications in fields from advertising and manufacturing to road safety and counter-terrorism. It is a technology worth watching closely. This article appeared in the Technology Quarterly section of the print edition under the headline "Machines that can see" Reuse this contentThe Trust Project The Economist today Handpicked stories, in your inbox A daily newsletter with the best of our journalism
Counting street Counting street Article number: E522882 Where to buy this product? Deliver letters and learn to count to 10. Find the missing number in a series, addition and subtraction and number correspondence. Build teamwork by pairing up children to take turns deliving letters based on verbal directions and cues. Children can also work individually and deliver a number of envelopes to each house based on colour and numerals. Self-checking. 2 wooden stands 2 wooden rows of houses 16 plastic assignment cards 10 plastic cards with numbers and dots 100 plastic envelopes in 10 colours wooden box (36.5 x 14 x 10.5 cm) Brand Educo Minimum age 4 years
NAD+ is required for mitochondria viability and genetic control in aged organisms. Nevertheless, the amount of NAD+ within our bodies decreases dramatically when we become older. As humans age, their NAD+ levels decrease. When you reach the age of 50, you’ve lost approximately half of what you’ve just before you were in your teenager. Reduced levels of the peptide have been linked to age-related illnesses such as premature aging, metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular disease, and neurotoxicity in research. Because of the less functioning metabolism, decreased amounts of NAD+ are linked to illness related to age. In laboratory animals, however, refilling NAD+ levels clearly shows anti-aging benefits, with promising outcomes in correcting age-related illnesses, prolonging longevity, and improving human lifespan. Sirtuins sometimes referred to as keepers of genomes are elements that safeguard species ranging from vegetation to primates against degradation and illness. Because when these genes detect physiological stress and tension within your body, such as from exercise or starvation, they dispatch troops to protect the body. Sirtuins maintain genomic integrity, facilitate DNA synthesis, and exhibit anti-aging effects in experimental animals, such as the ability to extend longevity. The energy that causes the genomes to operate is NAD+. However, even though a car can’t operate without gas, sirtuins can’t function in absence of NAD+. According to research, increasing NAD+ balance in the bloodstream stimulates sirtuins and extends the lifetime of cerevisiae, nematodes, and rodents. Muscular activity Mitochondrial activity is critical for our workout efficiency because that is the body’s natural energy store. Amongst the most important factors in sustaining healthy mitochondrial and consistent energy production is NAD+. In rodents, boosting NAD+ amounts in muscles improves mitochondrial function and endurance. Other researchers have found that mice given NAD+ enhancers are slimmer and therefore can sprint longer distances on the circuit, indicating that they have a stronger exercise performance. Animals that are older and have a greater amount of NAD+ surpass their counterparts. One could get these NAD+ peptides directly from medical stores as well as from any online medical store. NAD+ peptide for sale could easily be found on online stores from where you can obtain this peptide at very lesser rates considering its benefits. Disorders of metabolism Overweight is among the most frequent disorders in human civilization, having been designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Obesity is linked to other chronic disorders, including diabetic problems, which claimed the lives of 1.6 million human beings. NAD+ levels in the bloodstream are reduced by aging and an elevated fat diet. NAD+ supplements have been proven in experiments to reduce diet-related and age-related excess weight in rodents, as well as increase overall activity ability, even in elderly animals. Assist you to get the correct hours of sleep and eating The involvement of NAD+ oxidation in sleeping patterns and dietary habits has been discovered by scientists. One’s circadian cycle, or sleep-wake phase, is mostly determined by darkness and light, but it dictates whenever people are awakened, fatigued, or nauseous in general, it influences how one’s day flows. Leave a Reply
Buddhism: the Dying and Death Practices Published: 2021-07-29 07:50:07 essay essay Category: Religion Type of paper: Essay Hey! We can write a custom essay for you. All possible types of assignments. Written by academics An important part of being a nurse is understanding many ethnic, cultural, and religious groups and their practices. Nurses should not stereotype their patients, rather they should ask what groups they associate themselves with. The nurse can then perform care that is appropriate for the ethnic, cultural, or religious group they are a part of. When caring for a hospice patient who associates with the religion Buddhism, one should know the history, customs for symptom management, what is considered acceptable or taboo, and the rituals and customs performed for the deceased. Buddhism first began in North West India about 2,500 years ago (Buddhist Funerals, n.d.). It was first taught by Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as Buddha, also called the Awakened One (The life of the Buddha, n.d.). He taught how to live right and use life’s sufferings to reach enlightenment. His teachings are known as Dharma and have spread from India to China, Tibet, Japan, Thailand, Sri Lanka, United States, and many other places (Buddhist Funerals, n.d.). Those that practice Buddhism in the additional countries follow the general practices of the religion; however, they have made changes and accommodations and essentially have created subtypes of the religion. For example, there is Theravada Buddhism and Thai Forest Tradition in Thailand, Tibetan Buddhism in Tibet, Chan and Zen Buddhism in China, Nichiren Buddhism in Japan, and Buddhism of Sri Lanka (One Mind Dharma, 2017). Knowing the history of Buddhism will help one understand the differences in beliefs and its impact on the treatment and care of the dying. Buddhists believe in reincarnation, the rebirth of a life, and karma, the belief that good and righteous actions will provide one happiness and bad and obscene actions will bring him or her suffering. They also believe in compassion. Many Buddhists in hospice or palliative care state that the goal is to be as comfortable as possible, reduce any suffering, and have a peaceful death. In the article, Buddhist Ethics and End-of-Life Care Decisions, it is stated that some Buddhists will refuse medical intervention and will perform various forms of meditation (McCormick, 2013, p. 222). A few may even refuse pain medication. The article also states that many will accept the reality of death to help prepare themselves for their upcoming death (McCormick, 2013, p. 222). It is believed that suffering can help a person reach enlightenment. There are many different medical interventions that Buddhists find acceptable and some that are taboo. When it comes to life-sustaining treatment, Buddhists believe in the natural process of dying. Therefore, they believe that tube feedings are appropriate when they are not considered a medical treatment but instead a human need (McCormick, 2013, p. 216). However, if the tube feedings are used to prolong the life of a dying person, then it is unacceptable (McCormick, 2013, p. 217). Buddhists understand that delaying the death of a dying life may cause anger and frustration in that person and eventually cause them to suffer. Furthermore, they will not be able to die peacefully. Buddhists also do not believe in intentionally ending one’s life as in, but not limited to, euthanasia and assisted suicide. Once life-sustaining treatment such as tube feedings or mechanical ventilation is started, withdrawing treatment is allowed if it is done compassionately and to reduce suffering (McCormick, 2013, p. 217). It could potentially return the patient to the natural process of dying. Although somewhat adverse to the natural dying process, Buddhists are allowed to donate their organs (McCormick, 2013, p. 215). It is believed that this action is a form of compassion and accumulates good karma since the donor is giving life to others in need. Buddhists’ goal for the dying is to help a person make an easy transition to the afterlife. From a Buddhists’ perspective, when a person dies, they are reborn and sent to the Pure Land. According to the article, Buddhist Realities Concerning Death, it is stated that Buddhists should die in a calm state, surrounded by loved ones, and saying their goodbyes (Rosenblatt, 2016). For these reasons, it is difficult if a Buddhist dies unexpectedly such as in a car crash or other serious accident. Once someone is dead, Buddhists believe that their soul stays close to the body for a couple of hours (Fowler, 2017). Many families ask that the body not be moved during those hours to give the soul time to detach and be reborn. Although, if the person who has passed away did not give up their attachments to people, things, or symbols, then it is harder for the person’s consciousness to move on (Rosenblatt, 2016). Before one dies, the family can help the person give up their attachments so they can have a peaceful death and move to the Pure Land faster. A monk or nun may also be sought out to chant from the Buddhists scriptures to help the dying person be in the right place spiritually (Roberson, Smith, & Davidson, 2018). Once someone has passed away, the monk will suggest that the body be taken to the temple (Fowler, 2017). Buddhists’ funerals vary between each subtype of the religion and can last a couple of hours. Some funerals will consist of a short and straightforward service held at a crematorium or chapel and performed by monks who may chant scriptures. Offerings performed by family or other mourners that transfer worthiness and value to the deceased may be completed if a monk cannot be contacted (Buddhist Funeral Service Rituals, n.d.). Other funerals, such as traditional Buddhist funerals, may consist of the family wearing white or a white cloth, chanting or singing prayers, bringing fruit or flowers as offerings, burning incense, and ringing gongs or bells (Buddhist Funeral Service Rituals, n.d.). The body may either be cremated or buried but cremation is preferred. If the body is not cremated, there will be an open casket. If a burial has been chosen for the funeral, a monk will perform the last rites before closing and sealing the casket (Buddhist Funeral Service Rituals, n.d.). The Buddhist religion’s goal is for a person to reach enlightenment. Buddhism helps people live a life full of compassion and selflessness, and as a result, provides an opportunity for a peaceful death. Healthcare providers, especially those who work in hospice, need to follow the customs of the different ethnic, cultural, and religious groups. Following these practices and rituals, especially in the process of dying and death, will provide the patient and his or her family a fulfillment of their beliefs. Buddhist funerals. (n.d.). Retrieved August 5, 2018, from https://www.thebuddhistsociety.org/page/buddhist-funerals/ Buddhist funeral service rituals. (n.d.). Retrieved August 05, 2018, from https://www.funeralwise.com/customs/buddhist/ Fowler, J. (2017). From staff nurse to nurse consultant: Spiritual care part 3: Buddhism. British Journal of Nursing, 26(12), 710. McCormick, A. J. (2013). Buddhist ethics and end-of-life care decisions. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care, 9(2-3), 209-225. doi:10.1080/15524256.2013.794060 One Mind Dharma. (2017, December 09). Understanding the different types of buddhism. Retrieved August 05, 2018, from https://oneminddharma.com/types-of-buddhism/#respond Roberson, K., Smith, T., & Davidson, W. (2018). Understanding death rituals. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 33(3), 22-24. Rosenblatt, P. C. (2016). Buddhist realities concerning death. Death Studies, 40(10), 648-650. The life of the buddha. (n.d.). Retrieved August 05, 2018, from https://www.diamondway-buddhism.org/buddhism/buddha/ We can write your paper just for 11.99$ i want to copy... People also read
process of digging iron ore contact us I accept the Data Protection Declaration A Look At The Process Of Pelletizing Iron Ore For Steel the process development behind iron ore pelletizing As there can be significant variation in process requirements and sources of iron ore fines, testing is often an essential part of the development of a successful iron ore pelletizing operation. different sources of iron ore will respond differently to agglomeration, and process requirements the world will need iron ore for as long as the world needs steel. In 2020, we produced around 280 million tonnes of iron ore. thats enough to make the steel for more than 3,300 sydney harbour bridges. were building a new iron ore mine in western australia. when completed, south flank will produce high-quality iron ore for around years. November Mining Captain Ordered To Start On this day in 1890, the pioneer merritt family of duluth ordered their test-pit crew, captain nichols to start digging! according to railroad historian jeff lemke, the merritts good fortune in finding mesabi range hematite ore came after cassius merritt became employed by the duluth & winnipeg railroad in 1888 as head surveyor in laying out their line from duluth digging smarter with technology. innovative technology is increasingly making its way into a once manual industry mining. In this video, ashiss kumar dash, segment head services, utilities, resources, energy, infosys is in conversation with gustavo vieira, then global chief information officer and now managing director, head of iron ore china blending & distribution, vale metals shanghai co. Processes Extraction Mining Smelting Refining open-pit 90% of ore is mined using the open pit method. ores near the surface can be quarried after removal of the surface layers. the ore An ore is a rock that contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting. grinding the ore is crushed, then ground into powder. concentrating the ore is enriched using a process called froth flotation.jul 27, 2020 overview mining tools finding common materials finding and extracting ores 4.1 biome affinity 4.2 surface nodes 4.3 random mining 4.4 following gravel mining-related perks mining-related books digging and structural integrity 7.1 notes 7.2 notes video guides mining refers to the activity of harvesting earth-based and metal-based blocks in order to obtain basic Environmental Risks Of Mining there is no ore dust or direct ore exposure to the environment and a lower consumption of water is needed in the mining process however, the strong acids used to dissolve the ore body commonly dissolve metals in the host rock as well.the troubles facing the iron-ore sector have roots in its earlier success. mines planned in 2011 when prices rocketed above $190 a ton are now entering production with iron ore below $65 a ton. How To Identify Iron Ore Our Pastimes apr 12, 2017 how to identify iron ore. the earths core is made up of iron ore. early man made tools and weapons from the iron ore they extracted from the earth and refined. only meteorites carry pure iron ore, and the deposits locked away within the earth require mining and refining. layered deep in organic deposits, iron ore may 09, 2014 digging beneath chinas interest in australian iron ore projects may 2014 12.m edt john rice griffith university nigel martin australian national university Where To Find Silver In Valheim Guide Polygon feb 26, 2021 unlike metals in valheim like bronze and iron, grab your pickaxe and start digging. with your silver ore in hand, process it like any other metal to make iron armor and weapons.after many years of hard work, a process was developed to create taconite pellets. taconite saved minnesotas iron ore mining industry. learn more about taconite from minnesota history center. the hull rust mahoning mine in hibbing, minnesota. worlds largest open pit iron ore mine; first ore shipments in 1895 (still being mined today, 114 Digging Deeper Mining Methods Explained Anglo In this digging deeper article, we take a look at these different methods and provide a glimpse into what each involves. mining is at the heart of our business at anglo american. It is the foundation against which all of our activities rely and gravitate around.the iron age began around 1200 bc, ending the bronze age that preceded it and paving the way to mans mastery of metal. individuals during this period began extracting iron ore to forge tools and weapons. the reason revolves around iron being one of the most abundant metals found on earth. Digging More For Iron Ore Australian Mining digging more for iron ore. february 24, hill said carpentaria encountered a few challenges during construction, particularly the iron ore price environment and trying to raise capital. however jun 22, 2018 the digging of tunnels and sink shafts when the oreor mineral depositis below the surface. hand tools such as chisels, hammers, and wedges are used to break up waste rock, sometimes, areas must even be blasted in order to loosen rock so workers can more easily separate the ore from the waste rockwhich are mined separately. Environmental Impact Economics Metal Extraction Mining mining iron ore costs are omitted energymachinery involved in digging out the ore, crushing it, transporting the ore, and the cost of actually extracting the iron from its finite ore resource chemicals needed constructing and running a blast furnacemar 11, 2021 iron ore is a mineral block found underground. It is smelted into iron ingots, which are used to make tools and armor. deepslate iron ore is a variant found in the deepslate layer of the world, below .upcoming: JE 1.17 obtaining 1.1 breaking 1.2 natural generation 1.2.1 caves & cliffs generation usage 2.1 smelting ingredient 2.2 note blocks sounds data values 4.1 ID video Terraria Mining Guide Tips Amp Strategies For Finding Ore when was a new player and searching for whether depth mattered for ore, read some dated information from early in terrarias development and thought it true. wasted way, way too much time digging in the surface and underground. this inspired me to make my own guide and describe the process of finding good ore to mine.drilling for iron ore. cindy hadley is a pit technician for fortescue mines. shes a fieldie working with the iron ore drill rigs. she shares how iron ore is found. she explains how the drill goes down a set distance, for example and collects a sample every half a metre. How Iron Is Made Material Manufacture Making History the ore extraction and refining process before iron ore can be used in a blast furnace, it must be extracted from the ground and partially refined to remove most of the impurities. leaning on his long tongs, this young iron puddlers helper posed for this photograph in the early when the sons of vulcan was a young union. ore is stockpiled at the processing plant, and the process begins by feeding the ore into a hopper with a loader. the ore is conveyed, and lime is added to raise the pH of the ore. following crushing through a jaw crusher the ore is fed into the semi autogenous grinding Digging Iron Ore With Steam Shovel And Loading Cars At title digging iron ore with steam shovel and loading cars at open-pit mine, hibbing, minn. summary stereograph showing men working near large steam shovel used to dump iron ore into open railroad car.sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents and solid fuel This Is How Iron Ore Is Turned Into Steel Business Insider nov 01, 2017 iron ore, coking coal, and limestone are added into the top of the blast furnace while heated air is blown into the bottom of the furnace to drive the combustion process. the combustion of iron workers used pickaxes and pry bars to get the ore out of the ground. after digging the ore, they tried to remove as much waste, including clay and soil, as possible from the ore. one method was to flat the ore, or roll cast-iron, horse-drawn breakers over the ore. In the nineteenth century workers also often washed the ore to separate waste. The Brown Iron Ores Of West Middle Tennessee of iron ore, for it early became recognized that tennessee was liber ally endowed with the two minerals most essential to civilization iron and coal. In studying the iron-ore deposits safford in 1855 divided the state geographically into four iron ore bearing regions, contkibutions TO economic geology, 1927, part At this point, the liquid iron typically flows through a channel and into a bed of sand. once it cools, this metal is known as pig iron. To create a ton of pig iron, you start with tons of ore, ton of coke and a half ton of limestone. the fire consumes tons of air The Iron Ore Transportation Process Usa Truckload may 21, 2020 once the iron ore transportation process has become clear to you and youre ready to ship, look to do so with the trusted company RL global logistics. We can easily, efficiently and quickly ship your unprocessed ore to the steel mills to have them turned into a strong, durable product.extracting iron from iron ore In the century, men started to mine iron ore from rock. they learnt how to recognize rock that contained iron ore and broke off pieces of rock by lighting fires against it, to make it brittle. the work was done from the surface down, excavating the rock in opencast mines and following the veins of ore. Technologies In Exploration Mining And Processing In this process chemicals are added to a fine-particle mineral mix resulting in one mineral being flocculated and the remaining minerals being dispersed in a water slurry. flocculation technologies are used in the iron-ore industry to flocculate and recover iron oxide and in the clay industry to flocculate the quartz and reject grit.
Find a Doctor: By Medicover Hospitals / 11 Mar 2021 Home \| blog \| CT Scan Cost In India • CT scan cost in India depends on various factors which include; the location, the body part which is being scanned, what contrasts that are being used and the number of slice sections. • CT scan stands for Computerized Tomography, also known as CAT scan which means Computerized Axial Tomography. It is a diagnostic investigation in radiology which uses X-rays along with a computer to create the cross-sectional pictures of the body. • A CT scan is a quick and painless procedure that provides detailed pictures than a regular X-Ray. It can diagnose various conditions related to different parts of the body, including bones, organs, blood vessels and soft tissues. Usually, a CT scan is prescribed to visualize; • Heart • Chest • Lungs • Bones • Liver • Brain • Shoulders • Spine • Abdomen • Knee Article Context: 1. How Does a CT Scan Work? 2. Why is a CT Scan Prescribed? 3. CT Scan Cost in Hyderabad 4. CT Scan Procedure How Does a CT Scan Work? • A CT scan machine is a large, tunnel-like structure with a table that slowly moves through it. The person will be asked to lie on the table, to start the scan. • As the table slowly moves into the CT machine, a scanner inside the machine rotates around the body and takes a series of X-rays from different angles. When one rotation of the scanner is completed, it means one full slice is completed and the image gets stored in the computer. • The rotation of the X-ray scanner then repeats to produce another image slice. Thus, the process is continued until the desired number of image slices are collected, up to 256 slices. • These collected image slices can be either displayed individually or stacked together in order to generate a 3-D image of the patient by the computer that stores the images during the scan. • The individual image slices or the 3-D image of the body, makes the doctor’s job easier to spot the exact location of the problem. • Why is a CT scan prescribed? • In general, a doctor may prescribe a CT scan either to diagnose a disease or to evaluate the injuries. A CT scan helps the doctor to; • detect any bone disorders or problems in the joints, such as complex bone fractures and tumours • during treatment plans or procedures such as a biopsy, radiation therapy or surgery • view the presence of internal injuries or internal bleeding in cases of trauma or accidents • spots the exact location where an infection or a tumour or blood clot is present, including cancer • monitor the effectiveness of the treatments for certain medical conditions, like cancer, heart disease etc. CT Scan cost in Hyderabad Scan Type Cost Details CT Brain Rs. 4004/- CT Chest Rs. 5720/- CT Abdomen Rs. 7150/- CT Spine Rs. 9295/- CT Angiography Rs. 15005/- CT Scan Procedure: • CT Scan is a day- care procedure and does not need hospitalization. The patient can get back to home once the scan gets completed. • Prior to the scan, the patient will be asked to abstain from the food, and take only liquids, for a specific period of time. On the day of scan, the patient will be provided with a hospital gown to wear and asked to remove all the jewellery and metal fastenings.Then the CT scan procedure will be started, which includes the following steps: • At first, the patient will be made to lie down on the motorized table that moves into the CT machine, facing upwards. • The patient may be asked to change their position i.e., either to face downwards or sideways, if needed. • The radiologist can communicate with the patient with an intercom, which helps to give instructions, if any. • During the scan, the patient needs to be very still, as any movement can blur the image. • The scan gets complete, until the number of desired image slices are collected, as per prescribed by the doctor. • What Is a CT Scan? • CT (Computed Tomography) Scan - • Stay Updated..! Free E- News letter. Be the first one to get the latest update on healthy tips and important health information from experts at Medicover hospital. Book an Appointment Second Opinion Book Now
By A.J. Roan Mining News Nunavut mine created legacy of partnership The first mine in Canada to hire First Nation's People; the North Rankin Nickel Mine built a bridge between two cultures North of 60 Mining News – October 1, 2021 Last updated 11/18/2021 at 3:58pm North of 60 Mining News history Nunavut Canada North Rankin Nickel Mine Inuit Kryn Taconis/Library and Archives Canada Workers joking with a supervisor at the North Rankin Mine [Harry Liberal, Titi Kudlu, Noah Kumakjuaq and Andy Easton]. Found within the newest territory of Canada, Nunavut may seem barren and inhospitable, yet it has provided resources and succor to its First Peoples for thousands of years. While European colonizers and the indigenous peoples in their ancestral home suffered many differences, it was the shared efforts of the two groups in trade and labor that bridged this gap, eventually leading to the formation of Nunavut itself. While it may seem strange, as history often describes events before our lifetime, that a relatively recent change to Canada came with the redrawing of its map on April 1, 1999, dividing the already sprawling Northwest Territories into two with the creation of Nunavut, a testament to the strength of Inuit political leaders and the flexibility of Canadian political institutions. However, as great a success in claiming and naming a region in this modern world as one for your people, it was a beleaguered and tiresome trek for many of the First Nation's people. Known as Inuit, the Inuktitut word for people, much of recent history has them called as Eskimo, who obviously prefer the substitution of their own term for themselves. While striking aspects of their material culture are well known – iglu (snowhouse) and kayak (small boat), perhaps better than ulu (woman's knife) and umiak (large boat) – their intellectual culture and values have served Inuit people as well in the modern world as their unique technology did in earlier ages. The newly dubbed territory of Nunavut is geographically large, with a distinctive variety of landscapes and ecosystems. The whole region, from the glacial mountain fjords of the east coast of Baffin Island to the rolling rock hills of the west coast of Hudson Bay, is arctic terrain, meaning it lies north of the tree line. While what remains of Northwest Territories is frequently referred to as the western Arctic, it is more appropriate to call it subarctic, since the largest portion of that territory lies within the tree line. Regardless, much of both territories rest within what is known as the Canadian Shield, a large area of Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rock, dating it to the earliest part of Earth's history. Scoured down to stone during the last ice age, glaciation has receded over time, revealing a joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, stretching from north of the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean. This shield covers more than half of Canada and most of Greenland and extends south into the northern parts of the United States. To make this place home, a hardy and innovative people had to have devised ways to survive, and so they did. Mining brings together While European exploration happened as early as the 1600s by Lt. John Rankin of the British Royal Navy, of which the current hamlet and actual inlet, Rankin Inlet, gets its name, it would not be until over 300 years later that further exploration and eventual European settling would occur in the area. According to Geological Survey Bulletin 1223 by the USGS, published in 1966, "In 1928 R. G. O. Johnston discovered a nickel sulfide deposit on the north shore of Rankin Inlet, west coast of Hudson Bay, about 900 miles north of Winnipeg. It was drilled between 1930 and 1937, and in 1951 the North Rankin Nickel Mines, Ltd., was organized to mine the deposit. Mining started in 1957 and was completed in 1962. The deposit contained 460,000 tons of nickel-copper sulfide ore containing 3.3% nickel, 0.8% copper, 0.2% cobalt, 0.03 ounces platinum per ton, and 0.06 oz palladium per ton. This operation is one of the few that have been attempted in the subarctic region of Canada." As succinct an explanation as any, the town itself was founded by the owners of the Rankin Inlet Mine, just north of Johnston Cove. Starting in 1957, the mine produced nickel and copper from an underground operation. The mine was opened due to a sharp increase in the price of nickel due to the Korean War, of which it operated for five years before shuttering due to declining prices and a depletion of the ore body. The significance of this mine, however, cannot be expressed without first detailing the conditions of the region at this time. Before the opening of the mine, northern agencies, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and federal government officials, strove to prohibit Inuit people from congregating around permanent settlements by enforcing a strict "policy of dispersal." This policy aimed to protect traditional Inuit land-based culture, but more importantly, to ensure any Inuit would not become a financial burden to the nation. At the same time, contradictory educational and settlement policies sought both to elevate the First Nation's People from their "primitive" position through modernizing their social and cultural practices while at the same time preserving their "independent" and "traditional" lifestyles. Due to the collapse of Arctic fox fur prices in the early 1950s, and a perceived crisis in caribou populations, the Department of Northern Affairs adopted an increasingly interventionist policy in the eastern Arctic. These developments, and the negative publicity surrounding desperate Inuit living conditions (including episodes of starvation among inland Inuit groups) largely ended the laissez faire attitude of the government, which shifted to the promotion of wage labor as a solution to the "Eskimo problem." Along with work in construction at Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line stations, the mine at Rankin Inlet appeared to offer an opportunity to shift the Inuit away from their seemingly precarious land-based economy and toward industrial wage labor and settlement life. As a Canadian Press reporter noted in 1958, "[Government] officials here call the Rankin experiment a 'bright shining light' against the general background of the Eskimo Problem. Sustained success would mean a lot in the program to integrate the Eskimo from his stone-age past into the 'time clock' world." Writing to the mine company's secretary for information about the operation, Deputy Minister of Northern Affairs R. Gordon Robertson suggested that "because of the steadily increasing inroads on the wildlife resources of the North, it is going to be necessary to have more Eskimos adapted to wage employment as their means of livelihood." To this end, the Department of North Affairs and National Resources and other government agencies in the region, such as the RCMP, assisted the North Rankin Nickel Mine in identifying suitable Inuit candidates for employment. For its part, the company initially embraced Inuit labor as a seasonal workforce, and many Inuit were engaged in construction and stevedore work (as well as trade) at Rankin Inlet as early as 1953. By 1956-57, as the mine shifted to production, Inuit people were recruited to Rankin Inlet in increasing numbers. North Rankin Nickel Mine president W.W. Weber told Northern Affairs he was "strongly in favor of employing as many Eskimos as possible" and integrating them permanently into the life of the mining camp. That year, Inuit employment increased from 14 to 80 workers, of which they quickly became integrated into nearly all aspects of the operation, including underground work. While the mine's life was short, as one of the first mines in the Far North, the North Rankin Nickel Mine, did however, become the very first mine to hire indigenous people throughout the entire country of Canada. When the mine closed in 1962, Rankin Inlet had a population of 500 Inuit, with 70-80% of them being workers. Later years into today Many Inuit people came in off the land to work in the mine during those years, with many moving on to work in the mines at Yellowknife, Flin Flon and elsewhere. Not long after, the population of Rankin Inlet dwindled to almost half by 1964. Several unsuccessful attempts followed to develop alternate sources of income for the town, including pig ranching and chicken raising. But it was federal work that quickly established its current legacy, which included a ceramics project, where local Inuit people were taught how to create a "Northern" style of ceramics which included images of local wildlife. Then, in the early 1970s, the Government of Northwest Territories moved its regional headquarters to Rankin Inlet, which bolstered the community. Today, per the 2016 census, Rankin Inlet is home to nearly 3,000 people, primarily of Inuit descent, and while Rankin Inlet lost to Iqaluit in 1995 to become the territorial capital of the future Nunavut, it is now a strong cultural site for artists and artisans, that also houses the only Inuit fine-arts ceramics production facility in the world. First Nation's People Inlet exploration historical new territory Agnico Eagle Wikimedia Commons/Ansgar Walk; CC BY-SA 2.5 The Inuksuk is a symbol with deep roots in Inuit culture, a directional marker that signifies safety, hope, and friendship. The word inuksuk means "something which acts for or performs the function of a person." This Inuksuk sits atop a cliffside in Rankin Inlet. To add to the growing prospects of this weathered settlement, Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd., has settled near the historic mining town, and with the projected numbers from a 2017 resource estimate, its Meliadine mine is expected to produce gold until at least 2034, and that is more than twice as long as Rankin Nickel survived. At the end of 2017, Meliadine hosted 16 million metric tons of proven and probable mineral reserves averaging 7.12 g/t (3.7 million oz) gold; 25.3 million metric tons of indicated resources averaging 3.77 g/t (3.1 million oz) gold; and 13.8 million metric tons of inferred resources averaging 6.04 g/t (2.7 million oz) gold. As part of the town's history with mining, during the heights of the COVID-19 pandemic, Agnico spent more than US$18 million supporting roughly 450 Nunavut employees, who received 75% of their salaries during their hiatus. Seen too many times to count, with an influx of work, a stable wage brought by significant resource development, and the prospect of expansion with the company's additional Amaruq mine, while Rankin Inlet never saw a boom, as the mine has recently kicked off, its not too early to say it could experience one now. North of 60 Mining News history Nunavut Canada North Rankin Nickel Mine InuitFirst Nation's People Inlet exploration historical new territory Agnico EagleNorth of 60 Mining News history Nunavut Canada North Rankin Nickel Mine InuitFirst Nation's People Inlet exploration historical new territory Agnico Eagle Reader Comments(0) Our Family of Publications Includes: Powered by ROAR Online Publication Software from Lions Light Corporation © Copyright 2021
Skip to main content Verified by Psychology Today Free will is the idea that humans have the ability to make their own choices and determine their own fates. Is a person’s will free, or are people's lives in fact shaped by powers outside of their control? The question of free will has long challenged philosophers and religious thinkers, and scientists have examined the problem from psychological and neuroscientific perspectives as well. Does Free Will Exist? Scientists have investigated the concept of human agency at the level of neural circuitry, and some findings have been taken as evidence that conscious decisions are not truly “free.” Free will skeptics argue that the subjective sense of free will is an illusion. Yet many scholars, as well as ordinary people, still profess a belief in free will, even if they acknowledge that choices are partly shaped by forces outside of one's control. What are some reasons to question free will? Behavioral science has made plain that individuals’ behavioral tendencies are influenced by genetics, as well as by factors in the environment that may be outside of a person’s control. This suggests that there are, at least, some constraints on the range of decisions and behaviors a person will be inclined to make (or even to consider) in any given situation. Challengers of the idea that people act the way they do due to conscious, unconstrained choices also point to evidence that unconscious brain activity can partly predict a choice before a conscious decision is made. And some have sought to logically refute the argument that choices necessarily demonstrate free will. Does science disprove free will? While there are many reasons to believe that a person’s will is not completely free of influence, there is not a scientific consensus against free will. Some use the term “free will” in a looser sense to reflect that conscious decisions play a role in the outcomes of a person’s life—even if those are shaped by innate dispositions or randomness. (Critics of the concept of free will might simply call this kind of decision-making “will,” or volition.) Even when unconscious processes help determine a person’s conscious behavior, some argue, such processes can still be thought of as part of an individual’s will. article continues after advertisement Why Beliefs About Free Will Matter Whether free will exists or not, belief in free will is very real. Does it matter if a person believes that her choices are completely her own, and that other people’s choices are freely made, too? Psychologists have explored the connections between free will beliefs—often gauged by agreement with statements like “I am in charge of my actions even when my life’s circumstances are difficult” and, simply, “I have free will”—and people’s attitudes about decision-making, blame, and other variables of consequence. Does belief in free will affect how we judge others? The more people agree with claims of free will, some research suggests, the more they tend to favor internal rather than external explanations for someone else’s behavior. This may include, for example, learning of someone’s immoral deed and agreeing more strongly that it was a result of the person’s character and less that factors like social norms are to blame. (A study of whether reducing free-will beliefs influenced sentencing decisions by actual judges, however, did not show any effect.) Is belief in free will necessary for moral behavior? One idea proposed in philosophy is that systems of morality would collapse without a common belief that each person is responsible for his actions—and thus deserves reward or punishment for them. In this view, there is value in maintaining belief in free will, even if free will is in fact an illusion. Others argue that morality can exist in the absence of free-will belief, or that belief in free will actually promotes harmful outcomes such as intolerance and revenge-seeking. Some psychology research has been cited as suggesting that disbelief in free will increases dishonest behavior, but subsequent experiments have called this finding into question. Essential Reads Recent Posts
Some Wearable Heart Rate Trackers May Not Provide Accurate Results in People of Color Sensors inaccurate dark skin Nadine Shaabana, Unsplash Ever since fitness trackers and smartwatches equipped with heart rate monitors started entering the market, experts have questioned the accuracy of optical heart rate sensors when taking readings on different skin tones. Various studies on the matter that followed didn’t find a solution and the phenomenon hasn’t received much media attention, even as the market for smartwatches and fitness trackers has grown exponentially in recent years. Read more Wrist-Based Heart Rate Monitors vs Chest Straps Compared How Does the Heart Rate Sensor Work? The most common wearable heart-rate sensors use an optical technique called photoplethysmography (PPG). In this technique, a very bright light penetrates your skin and tissue to measure blood flow. The blood running through your arteries absorbs light better than the surrounding body tissues. As the arteries contract and swell in response to pulsating blood pressure, the intensity of the reflected light rises and falls. The information is then reflected back and interpreted to provide your heart rate, reports DigitalTrends. Consumer Complaints Many users have complained online that their devices can’t get a reading on darker skin. But the wearable makers do not disclose the fact that their devices could be less accurate for some consumers. How Skin Tone Affects the Sensor Skin color is determined by the concentration of the skin pigment, called melanin. Greenlight has been shown to be passing through lighter skin tone better than darker skin. In PPG sensors, this means less light reaches the blood vessels of people with darker skin and so the signal it receives is weaker and more prone to error. Sensors in a smartwatch Garmin Forerunner 35 watch, back side. The heart rate sensor is visible with green light. (Image: Tiia Monto, Wikimedia Commons) “Previous research demonstrated that inaccurate PPG heart rate measurements occur up to 15 percent more frequently in dark skin as compared to light skin,” says Jessilyn Dunn, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Duke University. “That’s because darker skin has a higher melanin content, and melanin absorbs the wavelength of light that PPG uses.” Possible Solution It’s not clear if changing the color of the light would solve this problem. For example, red light passes equally through all skin colors. But it provides poor performance compared to green light. It is a complex problem for a heart rate sensor to provide accurate results all the time. Aside from skin tone, accurate heart rate measurement requires the sensor to come into contact with the skin properly. As companies are taking this issue seriously, the industry may adopt new methods to help us pick the best sensors for our individual skin tones. Previous articleSamsung Galaxy Watch 4: Leaks, Release Date, Specs, and More Next articleTelekom Partners with Nreal to Launch First Mixed Reality Glasses in Europe
Page images library, not only to scholars but to the general public, may here be referred to. Among the most sought for sources of information, the periodical press, both of the past and the current time, holds a prominent rank. When it is considered how far-reaching are the fields embraced in the wide range of these periodicals, literary, religious, scientific, political, technical, philosophical, social, medical, legal, educational, agricultural, bibliographical, commercial, financial, historical, mechanical, nautical, military, artistic, musical, dramatic, typographical, sanitary, sporting, economic, and miscellaneous, is it any wonder that specialists and writers for the press seek and find ready aid therein for their many-sided labors? To the skeptical mind, accustomed to undervalue what does not happen to come within the range of his pet idols or pursuits, the observation of a single day's multifold research in a great library might be in the nature of a revelation. Hither flock the ever-present searchers into family history, laying under contribution all the genealogies and town and county histories which the country has produced. Here one finds an industrious compiler intent upon the history of American duels, for which the many files of Northern and Southern newspapers, reaching back to the beginning of the century, afford copious material. At another table sits a deputation from a government department, commissioned to make a record of all notable strikes and labor troubles for a series of years, to be gleaned from the columns of the journals of leading cities. An absorbed reader of French romances sits side by side with a clergyman perusing homilies, or endeavoring to elucidate, through a mass of commentators, a special text. Here are to be found ladies in pursuit of costumes of every age; artists turning over the great folio galleries of Europe for models or suggestions; lawyers seeking precedents or leading cases; journalists verifying dates, speeches, conventions, or other forgotten facts; engineers studying the literature of railways or machinery; actors or amateurs in search of plays or works on the dramatic art; physicians looking up biographies of their profession or the history of epidemics; students of heraldry after coats of arms; inventors searching the specifications and drawings of patents; historical students pursuing some special field in American or foreign annals; scientists verifying facts or citations by original authorities; searchers tracing personal residences or deaths in old directories or newspapers; querists seeking for the words of some half-remembered passage in poetry or prose, or the original author of one of the myriad proverbs which have no father; architects or builders of houses comparing hundreds of designs and models; teachers perusing works on education or comparing textbooks new or old; readers absorbing the great poems of the world; writers in pursuit of new or curious themes among books of antiquities or folk-lore; students of all the questions of finance and economic science; naturalists seeking to trace through many volumes descriptions of species; pursuers of military or naval history or science; enthusiasts venturing into the occult domains of spiritualism or thaumaturgy; explorers of voyages and travels in every region of the globe; fair readers, with dreamy eyes, devouring the last psychological novel; devotees of musical art perusing the lives or the scores of great composers; college and high-school students intent upon "booking up” on themes of study or composition or debate; and a host of other seekers after suggestion or information in a library of encyclopedic range. The Library, from very early times, has enlisted the enthusiasm of the learned, and the encomiums of the wise. The actual origin of the earliest collection of books (or rather of manuscripts) is lost in the mists of remote antiquity. Notwithstanding professed descriptions of several libraries found in Aulus Gellius, Athenaeus, and others, who wrote centuries after the alleged collections were made, we lack the convincing evidence of eye-witnesses and contemporaries. But so far as critical research has run, the earliest monuments of man which approached collections of written records are found not in Europe, but in Africa and Asia. That land of wonders, Egypt, abounds in hieroglyphic inscriptions, going back, as is agreed by modern scholars, to the year 2000 before the Christian era. A Papyrus manuscript, too, exists, which is assigned to about 1600 B. C. And the earliest recorded collection of books in the world, though perhaps not the first that existed, was that of the Egyptian king Ramses I.-B. C. 1400, near Thebes, which Diodorus Siculus says bore the inscription “Dispensary of the soul.” Thus early were books regarded as remedial agents of great force and virtue. But before the library of Ramses the Egyptian king, there existed in Babylonia collections of books, written not on parchment, nor on the more perishable papyrus, but on clay. Whole poems, fables, laws, and hymns of the gods have been found, stamped in small characters upon baked bricks. These clay tablets or books were arranged in numerical order, and the library at Agane, which existed about 2000 B. C. even had a catalogue, in which each piece of literature was numbered, so that readers had only to write down the number of the tablet wanted, and the librarian would hand it over. Two of these curious poems in clay have been found intact, one on the deluge, the other on the descent of Istar into Hades. The next ancient library in point of time yet known to us was gathered in Asia by an Assyrian King, and this collection has actually come down to us, in propria persona. Buried beneath the earth for centuries, the archaeologist Layard discovered in 1850 at Nineveh, an extensive collection of tablets or tiles of clay, covered with cuneiform char rs, and representing some ten thousand distinct works or documents. The Assyrian monarch Sardanapalus, a great patron of letters, was the collector of this primitive and curious library of clay. He flourished about 1650 B. C. In Greece, where a copious and magnificent literature had grown up centuries before Christ, Pisistratus collected a library at Athens, and died B. C. 527. When Xerxes captured Athens, this collection, which represents the earliest record of a library dedicated to the public, was carried off to Persia, but restored two centuries later. The renowned philosopher Aristotle gathered one of the largest Greek libraries, about 350 B. C. said to have embraced about 1400 volumes, or rather, rolls. Plato called Aristotle's residence “the house of the reader." This library, also, was carried off to Scepsis, and later by the victorious Sulla to Rome. History shows that the Greek collections were the earliest "travelling libraries” on record, though they went as the spoils of war, and not to spread abroad learning by the arts of peace. Rome having conquered Athens, we hear no more of the Athenian libraries, but the seat of ancient learning was transferred to Alexandria, where were gathered under the liberal sway of the Ptolemies, more books than had ever been assembled together in any part of the world. Marc Antony presented to Cleopatra the library of the Kings of Pergamus, said to have contained 200,000 rolls. There is no space to sketch the ancient libraries, so scantily commemorated, of Greece. Through Aristotle's enthusiasm for learning, as it is believed, the Ptolemies were fired with the zeal of book-collecting, and their capital of Alexandria became the seat of extensive libraries, stored in the Brucheion and the Serapeum. Here, according to general belief, occurred the burning of the famous Alexandrian library of 700,000 volumes, by the Saracens under Omar, A. D. 640. If any one would have an object lesson in the uncertainties of history and of human testimony, let him read the various conflicting accounts of the writers who have treated upon this subject. The number of volumes varies from 700,000, as stated by Aulus Gellius, to 100,000 by Eusebius. The fact that in ancient times each book or division of an author's work written on a roll of papyrus was reckoned as a volume, may account for the exaggeration, since the nine books of Herodotus would thus make nine volumes, and the twenty-four of Homer's Iliad, twenty-four volumes, instead of one. So, by an arbitrary application of averages, the size of the Alexandrian Library might be brought within reasonable dimensions, though there is nothing more misleading than the doctrine of averages, unless indeed it be a false analogy. But that any library eight hundred years before the invention of printing contained 700,000 volumes in the modern sense of the word, when the largest collection in the world, three centuries after books began to be multiplied by types, held « PreviousContinue »
Font Size » Larger \| Smaller So who are the professionals regularly involved in rehabilitation care? In Ontario, the Regulated Health Professions Act identifies a number of professions which must be regulated through “Colleges” or regulatory bodies which provide oversight and maintain records of their members. Through these Colleges it is possible to search for professionals in your area and ensure they are members in good standing. If concerns arise about the conduct of a professional it is possible for members of the public to lodge complains against them through the Colleges. Although this is not an exhaustive list of the types of people who may provide care during rehabilitation, the most common are listed below. For further information on all regulated health professionals, you can visit the Federation of Health Regulatory Colleges of Ontario. Physiotherapists attend to your body after an injury, helping you to increase your strength, coordination, and regain function. They have received a Masters degree in Physiotherapy and are regulated by the College of Physiotherapists of Ontario Occupational therapists focus on helping you to complete the tasks of daily living after an injury, from brushing your teeth, organizing your home, or teaching you strategies or new ways of doing things. They have a Masters Degree in Occupational Therapy and are regulated by the College of Occupational Therapists of Ontario Psychologists and Psychological Associates provide assessment in many areas of brain functioning and may provide cognitive testing to determine how an injury has changed an individual’s thinking abilities. They may also provide counselling to address the emotional needs of the individual. Psychologists have received a Doctorate in Psychology while Psychological Associates have received a Masters Degree. Both are regulated by the College of Psychologist of Ontario Speech-Language Pathologists focus on developing skills around speech and communication, as well as assessing challenges in swallowing reflexes. They have received a Masters Degree in Speech-Language Pathology and are regulated of the College of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists of Ontario. Social Workers provide counselling to address the emotional needs of the individual or family unit. They must have a Bachelor or Master’s Degree in Social Work and are regulated by the College of Social Workers and Social Service Workers. Rehabilitation Counsellors or Assistants provide support in various areas of rehabilitation and may provide long term support once the formal rehabilitation process is complete. They typically have a degree or diploma in an area of human services. They are not regulated professionals themselves but are typically provided with supervision or oversight by someone who is. Often these services are coordinated through a Case Manager. These individuals assess the need for various services both at the public and privately funded level. We’ll talk more next time about navigating this system and how to find the services you need. Continue on to read Part 3!
Can you trust the science? //Can you trust the science? Spanish Influenza Pandemic The 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. Although universal consensus regarding where the virus originated from is debatable, it spread worldwide during 1918-1919. In the United States, it was first identified in military personnel in spring 1918 when soldiers returned from WW1. It is estimated that about 500 million people, or one-third of the world’s population, became infected with this virus. The number of deaths was estimated to be at least 50 million. With no vaccine to protect against influenza infection, and no antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections, the only protection against the virus was isolation, quarantine, good personal hygiene, use of disinfectants, and limitations of public gatherings. Fast Forward to 2019; how fortunate we are to have a vaccine! How do we know a vaccine is safe? Experts stress the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks for the vast majority of people, but is more finely balanced for younger adults.  Accurate vaccine information is critical and can help stop common myths and rumors. Given the “noise” around the vaccine, it can be difficult to know which sources of information you can trust. Before considering vaccine information on the Internet, check that the information comes from a credible source and is updated on a regular basis. The Committee provides independent, authoritative, scientific advice to WHO (World Health Organization) on vaccine safety issues of global or regional concern, with the potential to affect in the short or long term national immunization programmes. The fourteen members of the Committee are acknowledged experts from around the world in the fields of epidemiology, statistics, pediatrics, internal medicine, pharmacology and toxicology, infectious diseases, public health, immunology and autoimmunity, drug regulation and safety. What’s in a vaccine? Today’s vaccines use only the ingredients they need to be as safe and effective as possible. Each ingredient in a vaccine serves a specific purpose: 1. provide immunity (protection) 2. keep the vaccine safe and long lasting 3. help with the production of the vaccine Source: Centers for Disease control and prevention U.S Vaccines help develop immunity by imitating an infection. To understand how vaccines work, it helps to first look at how the body fights illness. When germs, such as bacteria or viruses, invade the body, they attack and multiply. This invasion, called an infection, is what causes illness. The immune system uses several tools to fight infection. Blood contains red blood cells, for carrying oxygen to tissues and organs, and white or immune cells, for fighting infection. These white cells consist primarily of macrophages, B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. Once the imitation infection goes away, the body is left with a supply of “memory” T-lymphocytes, as well as B-lymphocytes that will remember how to fight that disease in the future. However, it typically takes a few weeks for the body to produce T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes after vaccination. What is Messenger RNA? (mRNA) vaccines teach our cells how to make a protein that will trigger an immune response inside our bodies. Like all vaccines, mRNA vaccines benefit people who get vaccinated by giving them protection against diseases like COVID-19 without risking the potentially serious consequences of getting sick. Researchers have been studying and working with mRNA vaccines for decades. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines are messenger RNA vaccines also called mRNA vaccines. mRNA vaccines are some of the first COVID-19 vaccines authorized and approved for use in the world and have had a great deal of success. Anti hawking notice. You are receiving this newsletter bulletin because you have subscribed to our services in the past. You have subscribed to our online portal or you were a member of a superannuation or retirement fund that Financial Choice provided advice to it’s members. By \|2021-11-20T06:54:28+00:00November 19th, 2021\|
Sentence outline for research paper Sentence outline for research paper The Purdue University Online Writing Lab serves writers from around the sentence outline for research paper world and the Purdue University Writing Lab helps writers on Purdue's campus. PDF How To: Outlining a Research Paper Note for students: This ... A three level outline is made up of headings for sections, subsection, and paragraphs of a paper. Paragraph headings should provide the topic sentence (or phrase) that all sentences in the paragraph will support. The structure of a three-level outline is shown below: I Introduction A. Motivation to study this topic How to Write a Research Paper on Architecture How to Write a Research Paper on Architecture Tips and Hints from Gray Read . What is a Research Paper? How To Pick a Topic . How to Do Library Research and Narrow your Topic . Analysis . Developing a Thesis . Organizing your Ideas and Outlining your Paper . Writing . 1. What Is a Research Paper? 1. Big Questions and Smaller Ones. PDF Classic Model for an Argument - consist of the following elements. Below is a basic outline for an argumentative or persuasive essay. This is only one possible outline or organization. Always refer to your handbook for specifics. I. Introductory Paragraph o Your introductory paragraph sets the stage or the context for the position you are arguing for. PDF Writing a Research Paper in 15 Easy Steps - Writing a Research Paper in 15 Easy Steps . 2 ... Write an informal outline to guide your note taking ... Concluding sentence which reflects back on topic sentence ... Outlining \| Ashford Writing Center Outlining is basically establishing a plan for your paper. It allows you to think through your paper before you actually start writing, and see if there are any holes in your argument or gaps in your research. Also, it is a great way to see if your paper flows and makes logical sense before you start writing. Outlining in APA, MLA, or other style Formatting a Research Paper \| The MLA Style Center A research paper does not normally need a title page, but if the paper is a group project, create a title page and list all the authors on it instead of in the header on page 1 of your essay. If your teacher requires a title page in lieu of or in addition to the header, format it according to the instructions you are given. Topical Outline Research Papers - Paper Masters MLA style research paper. Does your research or term paper require MLA style? Use this accessible template to help you follow the proper guidelines. Includes instructional text to assist you in easily creating your report. New Outline Maker- CRLS Research Guide Cambridge Rindge and Latin School Outline Maker. Fill in the textboxes below and click this button. Importance of Doing an Outline Prior to Writing \| Education ... Learning how to write a good essay or research paper not only helps students to be successful at every stage in their education, but it also prepares professionals for effective communication in the work place. Writing an outline is an often overlooked step -- unless it is required by a teacher -- but it can benefit ... Guidelines for Outlining — Hunter College Definition: A literary research paper is a compilation and interpretation of factual materials and of critics' opinions on a specific subject in a literary work. Since the selection of materials is filtered and processed by the writer, the paper reflects the author's views also; hence, it is both objective and subjective in content. Research Paper: Writing the Sentence Outline - YouTube How do i write a full sentence outline for a research paper ... How do i write a full sentence outline for a research paper about the advantages and disadvantages of cellphone usage - Answered by a verified Writing Tutor How to Write an Outline \| HistoryProfessor.Org The second goal, one sometimes overlooked, is to highlight the major findings of a body of research. The best way to do this is with what the authors of the Purdue OWL page on Types of Outlines and Samples call such an outline a "full sentence outline," listing not merely topics to be covered, but claims to be made and supported with evidence. RESEARCH PAPER ON SUICIDE - Examples of Topic Outline; Research Paper Outline Examples; Most college students or teachers who are majoring in social sciences, such as Psychology, Sociology, History, Linguistics, use the American Psychological Association or APA guidelines for writing research papers and assignments in this field of study. 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How to crop Geotiff image in C++ (GDAL or other possibilities)? I am developing a code to process a geotiff image. But firsly I need to crop a geotiff image preserving its metadata (projection… ) in C++. My idea it's to provide the corners and the geotiff image to a function inside the code and then it return the subset. I thought about using GDAL but I don't know if there is any code or function. Anybody know about this? You could do this easily enough in C++. The way I would do it is to send the path of the file you want to crop, the path of the output/cropped raster, the top left coordinates of the cropped raster and the width and height of the cropped raster. An outline for your code could look something like this… void crop(const char inputPath, const char cropPath, double topLeftX, double topLeftY, double width, double height) { GDALDataset pInputRaster, pCroppedRaster; GDALDriver pDriver; pDriver = GDALGetDriverManager->getDriverByName("Name of you driver here"); pInputRaster = (GDALDataset) GDALOpen(inputPath, GA_ReadOnly); //the affine transformation information, you will need to adjust this to properly //display the clipped raster double transform[6]; pInputRaster->getGeoTransform(transform); //adjust top left coordinates transform[0] = topLeftX; transform[3] = topLeftY; //determine dimensions of the new (cropped) raster in cells int xSize = round(width/transform[1]); int ySize = round(height/transform[1]); //create the new (cropped) dataset pCroppedRaster = pDriver->Create(cropPath, xSize, ySize, 1, GDT_Float32, NULL) //or something similar //now all you have to do is find the number of columns and rows the top left corner //of the cropped raster if offset from the original raster, and use those values to //read data from the original raster and copy/write the data to the new (cropped) raster } It should be fairly easy to copy the projection from the input raster to the cropped raster. I usually don't worry about projections when I work in GDAL. However, it is very important to make sure you keep track of the affine transformation data. If your rasters are all in the same projection the affine transformation data will accurately describe their spatial location relative to each other. You can always inspect the GDAL utilities for how they do it. For example, if you just want to "chip out" a section of an image, you could usegdal_translate -srcwin. The simplest way would just be to invoke gdal_translate (e.g. with asystem()call, or maybe aCreateProcess()call if you're on Windows). Otherwise, you'd could read the code for gdal_translate.cpp to extract the bits you need. If your needs are pretty simple, you can probably just use the RasterIO function twice - once to read the data, and again to write the data out. Examples of both are given in the GDAL API tutorial. Apart from gdal (see other answers) and building a virtual file, you can use the OTB library. This is a C++ open source library including a large set of filters for image processing. Specifically, the otb::MultiChannelExtractROI does the trick. It is also available as an application if you want to use it directly. I did this using python and GDAL: #Atention with -projwin ulx uly lrx lry (upper left (ymax, xmin) - low right (xmax, ymin)) command = "gdal_translate" + " " "-of GTiff" + " " "-ot Float64 " + "-co compress=LZW " + "-projwin" + " " + str(xmin) + " " + str(ymax) + " " + str(xmax) + " " + str(ymin) + " " + path_to_raster_tiff + " " + output_path os.system(command) has example on cropping raster with feature using C# and Gdal. Hope it shed you some ideas to use GDAL with C++ to crop raster with shape. How do I crop pictures to certain proportion in Photoshop? For reference, I use Photoshop CS5 Extended. I would prefer to find a way to do what I want in this software. I often want to crop my pictures so that they fit a certain proportion (either for printing or online use). Even when I want the 1.5:1 ratio my camera produces by default, it's rare that I'm not looking to crop some element out on the edge of the frame. I know that I can hold down shift while adjusting the cropping box from one of the corners, and it will constrain the proportion there. But is there any way to set a specific proportion for the crop tool to use? At the moment, I go through a fairly labour intensive process of getting it "about right" and then literally counting the pixels to make it correct. 2 Answers 2 Here is a way to achieve what you want with ImageMagick. Hopefully you’re comfortable using Terminal (and also use Homebrew to manage all your packages). Either way, you must install ImageMagick so you can run convert command line in Terminal. Open the folder you want to batch processing all the images. If your folder name called images is located on Desktop, you’ll need to enter cd /Desktop/images/ in Terminal. ImageMagick have a built-in option to crop images according to sizes and coordinates. The command is: 1 Answer 1 You cant do that with the add_image_size() function, after a lot of research and digging in the core files, what the Hard Crop option of the add_image_size() function actually does is resize the image using the lower dimension, then it will crop the size specified by example if you create a new image size: and upload an image like this one: it will resize the image using the height 310 (since is the lower value) keeping the aspect ratio, like this: then it will proceed to crop the image using the resized image, based in the position that was send or the default center , center , the red square overlapping is the size 475, 310 and is the area that will be cropped: it may look like the top and bottom dont matter, but that is because the image was resized using the height , if it was the other way around, the width being the lower the image would be tall and the left and right would look like they dont matter. To accomplish what you are trying to do, you will need a plugin or a developer who will add the necessary code to your theme, it cant be done right now with the default built-in tools of wordpress. Captured image using RaspiCam got crop I am working on a project using the Raspberry Pi model B and the Raspberry Pi CSI camera module (RaspiCam). The problem is, captured image area when I'm using raspicam_test which in the raspicam library version 0.1.1 is different than when I'm using raspistill command. The captured image from raspicam_test is got crop and resized. Any idea how to solve this? Here is the example of captured images and this one is when im using raspistill command Velox should work on all major operating systems (Linux, Mac OS, Windows). Velox requires the rgdal, rgeos, and sf packages, which rely on the external GDAL (>= 2.0.0), GEOS (>= 3.3.0), PROJ.4 (>= 4.8.0), and UDUNITS libraries. On Debian/Ubuntu (>= 14.04), these dependencies can be installed by entering R Package Once the system dependencies are available, you can either install velox from CRAN or you can install the development version using the install_github function from the devtools package: Please note that this page refers to the development version of the package. Include "ogr_api.h" compilation terminated. makefile:179: recipe for target 'areadinfmn.o' failed make: *** [areadinfmn.o] Error 1 Linux: stream_reach_file warning: Layer creation failed. StreamNet version 5.3.8 Input file stream_raster_grid.tif has geographic coordinate system. This run may take on the order of 1 minutes to complete. This estimate is very approximate. Run time is highly uncertain as it depends on the complexity of the input data and speed and memory of the computer. This estimate is based on our testing on a dual quad core Dell Xeon E5405 2.0GHz PC with 16GB RAM. Input file flow_dir_grid_d8.tif has geographic coordinate system. Input file contributing_area_grid_d8.tif has geographic coordinate system. Input file elev.tif has geographic coordinate system. Evaluating distances to outlet Creating links ERROR 10: Name was NULL in OGR_DS_CreateLayer ERROR 10: Pointer 'hLayer' is NULL in 'OGR_L_CreateField'. stream_reach_file warning: Layer creation failed. Error R6034 Dear all, I'm trying to use TauDEM before begin with other tools, as SedinConnect. I'm using arcGIS 10.2.1 over windows 10. I installed all the tools indicated in the download page, listed here: GDAL 201 for 64 bit Windows PC GDAL 2.1.0 for Python 2.7 Microsoft MPI v7.1 Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable Package (x86) Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable Package (x64) I installed Microsoft MPI v7.1 by running as administrator from the contextual menu. Following the advice of SedInConnect people (, I turned the UAC (User Account Control) to the lowest value to prevent Windows from blocking MPI activity. I installed TauDEM 5.3.7 by running as administrator from the contextual menu. I installed the arcGIS toolbox and tried to run pitremove from there. I obtain the error R6034: And the ERROR 000732 in the arcGIS pit remove dialog, who cannot calculate statistics in the file I put as output. I tried to run from the command line, both by using the command prompt and my GIT bash: mpiexec -n 8 pitremove -z "./FromENVI/S36W072_73_DEM_RBB_UTM18S.tif" -fel "./FromTauDEM/RBB.tif" And I obtained the same error R6034. I don't know what to do. I'll appreciate your help, Violeta SetRegion.cpp fails to compile on Ubuntu I'm trying to get TauDEM compiled on Ubuntu Xenial, and after the make, I get this error: Edit: I'm using the Develop branch from git. Aread8 nodata value in version 5.3.8 First of all, this is really useful software. We've been using this for many parameter accumulations following the flow direction grid. Recently, we've had some odd behavior with version 5.3.8. Regions of the weighting grid with values of -1 are returned in the output accumulated grid as areas of nodata. I think this is because -1 is hard coded into aread8 as the nodata value. I'll paste some screen shots and descriptions below. Perhaps this is related to #203 or has been fixed in v5.3.9? I've only had success getting v5.3.8 to compile on linux/HPC. Accumulated parameter grid with -1 areas shown as nodata: When I convert -1 to float, -0.01, the issue goes away. Here is a snippet of what may be the offending code. I don't know c++ so I may be way off here. It would be great to have the output nodata value not be hard-coded and instead have that value be the same as the nodata value be set as the nodata value of the input weighting grid (if properly defined). Again, this is really great software and has saved us a ton of time. Integration of Accelerated Flow Direction Algorithms Hello Dr. Tarboton, Would there be an interest in integrating the accelerated flow direction algorithms developed by Survila et al (2016) into this repository? If so, I believe the accelerated O(n) algorithms are already implemented on the CyberGIS repository with a slight modification within a fork to allow for compilation. I'd be happy to try to help integrate this if desired since it is heavily used at the NWC within the Cahaba repository. All new canvas elements need to implement the Canvas::Element interface (new elements can also sub-class existing elements, e.g. see the implementation of the Map and Window($FG_SRC/Canvas) elements), the canvas system currently supports the following primitives (see $SG_SRC/canvas/elements): • CanvasGroup - main element: for grouping (a group of arbitrary canvas primitives, including other groups) • CanvasText - for rendering texts (mapped to osgText) • CanvasPath - for rendering vector graphics (mapped to OpenVG, currently also used to render SVGs into groups) • CanvasMap - for rendering maps (automatic projection of geographic coordinates to screen coordinates, subclass of group) • CanvasImage - for rendering raster images (mapped to osg::Image) • CanvasWindow - this is part of $FG_SRC/Canvas/Window.?xx, it's a subclass of CanvasImage, used to implement windows (as of 05/2014 also to be found in simgear) Most end-user features can be decomposed into lower-level components that need to be available in order to implement the corresponding feature in user-space. Thus, the canvas system is based on a handful of rendering modes, each supporting different primitives - each of those modes is implemented as a so called "Canvas Element", which is a property-tree controlled subtree of a canvas texture using a certain name, that supports specific events and notifications. According to the development philosophy outlined above, you obviously won't see new canvas elements that are highly use-case specific, such as a "night vision" or FLIR element. Instead, what is more likely to be supported are the lower level building blocks to enable end-users creating such features, i.e. by adding support for running custom effects/shaders and by rendering scenery views to canvas textures. Question 10. When should I use what color space and compression scheme? Due to the flexible combination of raster data with a vast amount of different compression schemes and color spaces, TIFF can be very suitable for a wide range of applications. Here is a sample of just the most popular or common applications. ApplicationCompression scheme and color space Bilevel dithered or very complex imagerycolorspace black and white compression G3, G4, or perhaps JBIG Bilevel artificial imagerycolorspace black and white compression G3 or G4 Normal range grayscale or color photographic imagery If compression is more important than quality colorspace Grayscale or YCbCr() compression JPEG() If quality is more important than compression colorspace Grayscale, RGB, or CIE Lab* compression LZW or Deflate If quality is of utmost importance colorspace 16bit per channel or even floating point RGB, or 16bit per channel CIE Lab* compression LZW or Deflate Normal range Grayscale or color artificial imagery If the number of colors <=256 colorspace Palette would be most suitable compression LZW or Deflate If the number of colors >256 compression LZW or Deflate Dynamic range Grayscale or color imagerycolorspace floating point Grayscale or RGB compression LZW or Deflate (*) The YCbCr color space and JPEG compression scheme are de facto related. Other than using JPEG as compression scheme, there is in our humble opinion no good reason for using YCbCr. Software Sustainability in Remote Sensing By Robin Wilson, Geography and Environment & Institute for Complex Systems Simulation, University of Southampton. 1. What is remote sensing? 2. You have to use software 2.1 Open Source Software 3. Programming for remote sensing Releasing these libraries - along with other open-source remote sensing code - has benefited my career, as it has brought me into touch with a wide range of researchers who want to use my code, helped me to develop my technical writing skills and also led to the publication of a journal paper. More importantly than any of these though, developing the Py6S library has given me exactly the tool that I need to do my research. I don’t have to work around the features (and bugs!) of another tool - I can implement the functions I need, focused on the way I want to use them, and then use the tool to help me do science. Of course, Py6S and PyProSAIL themselves rely heavily on a number of other Python scientific libraries - some generic, some remote-sensing focused - which have been realised by other researchers. 3.2 Teaching programming in remote sensing 4. Reproducible research in remote sensing Researchers working in ‘wet labs’ are taught to keep track of exactly what they have done at each step of their research, usually in the form of a lab notebook, thus allowing the research to be reproduced by others in the future. Unfortunately, this seems to be significantly less common when dealing with computational research - which includes most research in remote sensing. This has raised significant questions about the reproducibility of research carried out using ‘computational laboratories’, which leads to serious questions about the robustness of the science carried out by researchers in the field - as reproducibility is a key distinguishing factor of scientific research from quackery (Chalmers, 1999). 5. Issues and possible solutions Problems 2 & 4 can be solved by improving the education and training of researchers - particularly students - and problems 1 & 3 can be solved by the development of new open-source tools, preferably with the involvement of active remote sensing researchers. All of these solutions, however, rely on programming being taken seriously as a scientific activity within the field, as stated by the Science Code Manifesto ( The first piece of advice I would give any budding remote sensing researcher is learn to program! It isn’t that hard - honestly! - and the ability to express your methods and processes in code will significantly boost your productivity, and therefore your career. Script and code things as much as possible, rather than using GUI tools. Graphical User Interfaces are wonderful for exploring data - but by the time you click all of the buttons to do some manual processing for the 20th time (after you’ve got it wrong, lost the data, or just need to run it on another image) you’ll wish you’d coded it. Don’t re-invent the wheel. If you want to do an unsupervised classification then use a standard algorithm (such as ISODATA or K-means) implemented through a robust and well-tested library (like the ENVI API, or scikit-learn) - there is no point wasting your time implementing an algorithm that other people have already written for you! Try and get into the habit of documenting your code well - even if you think you’ll be the only person who looks at it, you’ll be surprised what you can forget in six months! Watch the video: ArcGIS - Raster to other formats multiple - Export IMG format to TIFF
Skip to navigation – Site map HomeIssues99Comptes rendusÉtudes régionalesGeneviève Duggan and Hans Hägerda... Comptes rendus Études régionales Geneviève Duggan and Hans Hägerdal, Savu: History and Oral Tradition on an Island of Indonesia. Singapore: NUS Press. 2018, 720 p. ISBN: 978-981-4722-75-9. Gregory Forth p. 301–303 Bibliographical reference Full text 1This lengthy, well-produced, and richly illustrated book concerns the small, geographically remote, ethno-linguistically homogeneous, and relatively impoverished island of Savu, located in eastern Indonesia between the islands of Timor and Sumba. This in itself is a distinctive feature, especially nowadays when such comprehensive works on small-scale non-Western societies are a rarity. But the volume is positively unusual in other respects as well. It is co-written by an anthropologist and a historian. The anthropologist (Duggan) has been conducting ethnographic fieldwork on Savu for the last two decades. The historian (Hägerdal) is a senior scholar with a long record of research mostly concerning eastern Indonesia. 2Partly because of its geographical isolation, Savu has received less attention from ethnographers than surrounding, mostly larger islands, and one value of the book is a wealth of ethnographic description and analysis of indigenous institutions and traditions. Nevertheless, the book’s primary focus is the history of Savu. The cooperation of an anthropologist and a historian in this historiographic endeavour is made possible by a feature of Savunese society itself—the creation of long clan and lineage genealogies and oral histories, recited on major occasions and related to such matters as claims to political and ritual offices and land rights. Remarking on the “incredible depth of [Savunese] genealogical memory”, the authors note that “for reasons that are not entirely clear, such genealogical identity is much more precise than in the surrounding island societies” where people are “[s]eldom…able to state the connection [of far shallower lineages] to their ancestors” (p. 425). With the obvious exception of the island of Roti (or Rote), it would therefore be difficult to compose a book of this sort for many other parts of eastern Indonesia. 3At the same time, this detailed history of Savu is facilitated by the island’s geographical position, which has allowed the Savunese to play a disproportionate role in the history of European activity in the Timor region and has resulted in the Savunese receiving fairly regular mention in Portuguese and Dutch commercial and colonial reports (including in the second case, the records of the Dutch East India Company). As is revealed throughout, the European sources and Savunese narrative traditions complement, confirm, or correct one another to quite a remarkable degree. Thus the book provides ample testimony to the value of oral history for the study of history in general. 4One product of this approach is a demonstration that the Savunese were by no means passive recipients of European influence but were in several respects active agents in commercial and colonial enterprises—taking advantage of opportunities for trade, serving political roles, and providing the Dutch with military services. Relative to other eastern Indonesians, they were also early adopters of literacy, Western-style education, and Christianity. Indeed, Savunese were able to do some “colonizing” of their own, notably in parts of the larger islands of Sumba, Flores, and Timor. This history of Savu thus contributes significantly to an understanding of the wider history, during the last five centuries, of a far larger part of Indonesia. To cite just one specific example, the last three chapters (8 to 10), concerning changes on Savu from the late 19th century to the present, provide an insightful discussion of the process and effects of Christianization in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries that bears useful comparison with what was occurring in other parts of the archipelago during the same period. 5It may therefore go without saying that the authors have produced a very substantial book that should appeal to a wider audience than students of Savu or the Timor region. On the other hand, detailed accounts, drawn mostly from indigenous narratives concerning clan histories, local disputes, rivalries, marriages between prominent families, and the like, might prove hard going for all but very specialized readers. Such perhaps is the trade-off with informed and thorough scholarship, and these materials certainly play their part within the whole. By the same token, it is rare nowadays to find a single, sizeable volume comprising such copious literary and ethnographic evidence, and the National University of Singapore Press is to be congratulated for publishing a work of this kind. Speaking only as an anthropologist, it is additionally pleasing to have a book that performs its advertised task without resort to extraneous “theory” or contrived linkage with trendy paradigms or epistemologies that typically results in slimmer volumes very light on empirical substance. 6Perhaps especially for anthropologists, one merit of the book (evidently mainly attributable to Duggan) is its attention to the relatively prominent place of women in Savunese society, including the importance of female genealogical ties in the constitution of descent groups. Savu has long been known for its system of “double unilineal descent”, whereby patrilineal clans and lineages coexist with matrilineal moieties further divided into matrilineal sub-groups. But Savu is by no means unique in this regard. For example, the importance of lineal connection through women, often in the context of otherwise “patrilineal” organization, has been shown in ethnographic accounts dealing with the neighbouring islands of Flores, Sumba, and Timor. Yet none of these other cases is mentioned, so no broader point is made. In the same vein, the statement that “There are no other known cases of female land ownership in the islands surrounding the Savu sea” (p. 366) ignores instances from Flores Island, including the matrilineal Tana ‘Ai (Lewis 1988) and other institutionally more limited uses of matrilineal relationship from central Flores (Forth 2001). This is curious, since Lewis’s book is cited in another connection, as also is my own (p. 211), though it is not listed in the Bibliography. 7Possibly connected with this apparent lack of attention to the constitution of neighbouring societies, there are some surprising linguistic inaccuracies. For example, Sumbanese place names are not rendered in their more accurate modern transcriptions, a shortcoming that sometimes reduces clarity (for example, where “Melolo” evidently refers to the eastern Sumbanese domain of Umalulu rather than the nearby Savunese settlement of the first name). There are other inaccuracies, such as when “sea cows” are referred to as “manatees”, whereas for this part of the world the correct reference is necessarily to dugongs (Dugong dugon). Still these are relatively minor flaws that do not significantly detract from an otherwise impressive work. Top of page Forth, G. 2001. Dualism and Hierarchy: Processes of Binary Combination in Keo Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press Lewis, E.D. 1988. The People of the Source: The Social and Ceremonial Order of Tana Wai Brama of Flores. Dordrecht: Foris. Top of page Bibliographical reference Gregory Forth, “Geneviève Duggan and Hans Hägerdal, Savu: History and Oral Tradition on an Island of Indonesia. Singapore: NUS Press. 2018, 720 p. ISBN: 978-981-4722-75-9.”Archipel, 99 \| 2020, 301–303 . Electronic reference Gregory Forth, “Geneviève Duggan and Hans Hägerdal, Savu: History and Oral Tradition on an Island of Indonesia. Singapore: NUS Press. 2018, 720 p. ISBN: 978-981-4722-75-9.”Archipel [Online], 99 \| 2020, Online since 02 June 2020, connection on 08 December 2021. URL:; DOI: Top of page About the author Gregory Forth University of Alberta Top of page Association Archipel Top of page CNRS - Institut national des sciences humaines et sociales • OpenEdition Journals Search OpenEdition Search You will be redirected to OpenEdition Search
The separation of presentation from content From Knowledge Kitchen Jump to navigation Jump to search In today's web development environment, and in software development in general, there is a popular principle of separation of presentation and content. In terms of web development, this would mean that the contents of a web page should not be dependent upon the style or design of how that content is displayed on the page. In some ways, this is a question of efficiency. Until the last few years, a website's style was completely and permanently interwoven with its content. The parts of the code that conveyed the meaning of the site, i.e. its text, were coded in such a way that they also were intermingled with code that indicated how that text should look, what font it should be displayed in, what color, etc. Thus if someone wanted to change the style, they would have to also change the content, and sites were thus difficult to maintain. In today's web environment, where users can be viewing a website through one of many web-enabled devices, such as screen readers for the hearing impaired, mobile phones, set-top boxes, as well as the regular personal computer, separating the presentation of a website from its content allows developers to use the same content but present it differently depending on the device that is accessing it. By separating presentation from content, an iPhone user, for example, may see a version of a website that is optimized for a small screen, while a Mac laptop user would see the full-size version. They would both see the same content presented in different ways. You can imagine that a visually-impaired user could also benefit from a different presentation of the same content. Use HTML for content and CSS for presentation This is the fundamental principle that we, as trendy web developers, will try to apply to our usage of HTML and CSS code. We will make every effort to use HTML code purely for the content of our web pages. And we will use CSS code to indicate how that content should be presented. We will also do our best to keep CSS code in separate files from our HTML code, so that the two are not mixed and mingled. Our CSS code will be kept in files with a '.css' extension, while our HTML code will be kept in '.html' files. All is for the best in the best of all possible worlds This all sounds great in theory, but the web is a messy place. Given the tools available to us today, the pure separation of presentation from content will not allow us to achieve the sophisticated visual designs we might want our sites to have. We will find that we must often structure our HTML code in such a way that the CSS can easily make the page look the way we want it to, thus making the one somewhat dependent, or at least influenced, by the other. Furthermore, this separation is predicated upon the notion that a site's design has no importance to its meaning. One could argue that many sites, especially heavily branded sites, rely primarily upon visual impact to impart their message. The idea that a message is conveyed solely or primarily through text with no reliance upon presentation is to ignore the complexity of social interaction, and this principle probably says more about the people who profess such things than it does about technology. But despite these shortcomings, as things stand today, there are still practical benefits to separating presentation from content as much as possible. Although it is awkward at first, one gets better at it with practice, and it does save time and make maintenance of sites easier in the long run. So you should do your best to separate content from presentation by using HTML to demarcate your content, and CSS to indicate styles for the presentation of that content. What links here
Near Drown An instance in which a person has almost died as a result of not being able to breathe underwater. Near-drowning causes major systems in the body to shut down due to lack of oxygen and can result in several different complications including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, brain damage, and in severe cases a permanent vegetative state. Immediately present symptoms of a near-drowning victim are cold/blue skin, abdominal swelling, vomiting, and shortness of breath.
Whether it's algebra or statistics that once had you flummoxed, get ready for a new way of being mathematically minded.Let the real world show you how maths works. Maths is often cited as the 'most difficult' or 'complex' subject to study, many people admitting to a wariness that was probably ingrained into them in their schooldays. In Maths in Bite-sized Chunks, Chris Waring proves that it's easy to break the subject down into accessible, understandable information, much of which, in fact, we use in one way or another every day of our lives. Topics that once seemed impenetrable suddenly become relatable and easier to unpick. ISBN: 9781782438465 Author: Waring, Chris Publication date: 01/06/2018 Format: Hardback Pages: 192 Dimension: 198mm X 129mm
Is biodegradable plastic better than recycled plastic? When I saw biodegradable plastics start to become available I got excited. This seemed like a great solution to the plastic waste problem and seemed better than recycled plastic. However, when you take a step back and look at sustainability as a whole, they aren’t the magical solution you might think. In reality, a mix of the different types of plastic is probably the best approach (depending on the use). Although reducing our consumption of the stuff as much as possible is key. But if you want to know why recycled plastic might still be better overall than biodegradable plastic then read on… Less new plastic = less CO2 image Why recycled plastic is often better than biodegradable plastic 1) The starting point should be what we already have When it comes to sustainability, our starting point should always be to use what we already have before creating anything new. There is so much plastic on the planet waiting to be recycled that to create something new would be wasting a resource that we have already created. And that involves a lot of environmental cost. Of course it isn’t this simple and it depends on the recycling process involved, but it is a good starting point. 2) Creating new plastic is energy intensive Plastic has a large carbon footprint. Most plastic, including nylon fabric, is made from oil or natural gas. This has to be extracted from the ground, and is leaked on the way. Then that raw material has to be turned into plastic resin. And then more energy is used to turn it into the product you are buying. In fact, “Plastic is among the most energy-intensive materials to produce.” This is according to Carroll Muffett, head of the Centre for International Environmental Law. So by using plastic that has already been created you are making further use of some of the energy already used. And preventing further energy being used to create virgin plastic. Although energy will be required to re-process it into something else. 3) The raw materials aren’t sustainable Most plastic is made from oil or natural gas, including many biodegradable plastics. These use microbes to break it down into smaller parts. So if we want to keep making these fossil-fuel based biodegradable plastics we need to keep extracting the coal and gas for them. There are also bio-plastics, however, made from things like corn, sugarcane and cellulose. These are often compostable, rather than just biodegradable. They are also less carbon intensive but do divert land usage from food. This may be particularly problematic as the planet warms. 4) Biodegradable doesn’t equal compostable According to the Cambridge Dictionary, biodegradable is defined as the ability to decay naturally and in a way that is not harmful to the environment. However, some ‘biodegradable’ plastics just break down into microplastics. These are harmful and are therefore not really biodegradable. Bio-based plastics from things like corn, however, can be compostable (i.e. they actually feed the ground). This type of plastic can be very useful for disposing of other bio-materials like food scraps because they will break down together and turn into compost to feed the soil. Just check whether it is home compostable or industrially compostable only (which would need to be collected by your council). Also bear in mind that when things biodegrade they often produce methane as they breakdown. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. It is, however, sometimes labelled as ‘biogas’, because it is naturally occurring. This to me feels like greenwashing. 5) Dealing with plastic waste If a plastic is truly biodegradable or compostable, in that it does no harm once it has degraded, it could be part of the solution for dealing with our waste. However, it is also making that task more complicated because different biodegradable plastics need different conditions to break down properly. This may therefore not happen in landfill. And some of this plastic is actually contaminating recyclable plastic waste as consumers don’t know how to dispose of it properly. Recycled plastic is already diverting plastic from landfill in the first place. And if it can be recycled again that’s even better. There is so much plastic that already exists and which isn’t being recycled that it does seem crazy to make even more. The solution is using less There is definitely space for biodegradable plastics, in particular compostable plastic. But these need to be properly disposed of as they may not properly break down in landfill. But beware when something is labelled as biodegradable. Make sure that you can dispose of it in a way that isn’t harmful. And remember that when you look at sustainability as much more than how we deal with our waste, recycled plastic may actually be greener. Which is why we chose to use recycled fibres for our tights, rather than biodegradable. Overall we need to be reducing the raw materials we consume as much as possible. This means reducing the amount of plastic we use and making use of what already exists. Leave a Reply
Build Prototypes and Pitch Your Ideas Learning Objectives After completing this unit, you’ll be able to: • Define what a prototype is. • Describe the value of a minimal lovable product (MLP). • Summarize how to prototype. What Is Prototyping and Why Is It Important? The link between big ideas and customer job stories is a product solution that delivers a transformational experience. To create this vision, you have to put pen to paper and prototype. A prototype is a first pass, a simple sketch of an idea you want to implement. It doesn’t have to be pretty. It’s not completely thought out. It’s not final. What distinguishes this Dare event from any other typical meeting is that you ask participants to “walk the talk” of innovation and sketch out solutions. You might be concerned that the senior people in the room don’t have time to sketch. In our experience, teaching people of all backgrounds and levels how to make and create useful products is incredibly rewarding. Why? • Prototypes make concrete the ideas that are in our heads. A prototype creates a physical manifestation of a dream that people can react to, build on, and improve. • Prototypes are cheap and fast. Creating an app or a physical product can take months, if not years. Whereas creating a paper prototype, clickable wireframe, or 3D printed model can take minutes or hours for free or a fraction of the cost. • Prototypes help creators take ownership of the solutions. With a diverse audience of people who have both technical and non-technical backgrounds, we recommend using paper prototypes to sketch your ideas. So let’s get to it. Photo of work table, showing cups, papers, post-its, and hands gesturing. How to Prototype As you ask your participants to start prototyping, be prepared for resistance. People might start reaching for their phones, step backward, or even laugh. If they aren’t full-time product managers, designers, engineers, or closet entrepreneurs, their inclination might be to say, “I can’t do that.” Your goal is to quickly show that they can! Often times, you find the real resistance is around insecurities about drawing. Eliminate that fear by taking 5 minutes to play Pictionary. Remind everyone that they don’t have to be Picasso to get their point across. Next, walk through an example of how to prototype with an app they they’re all familiar with, for example, a commonly used transportation app that we can’t mention by name. Ask people to shout out the main steps of the process. 1. Sign up 2. Load your credit card 3. Find a car in your location 4. Enter your destination 5. Request your pickup 6. Rate your driver You’ll find that participants start to realize that they understand the phases. As they are shouting out the steps, use a big black marker on a whiteboard to draw the key visual icons associated with that phase: a gear symbol for sign-up, a dollar sign for payment options, a map pin icon for finding a destination, a text bar for entering a destination, a request button, and then finally a five-star rating. Doable, right? Break your participants into groups and ensure that at least one member has a design, product, or development background to coach their peers. How does this play out with our friends at Aqua Blue? One team has amassed an entire wall of doodles, sketches, and stickies from the previous rounds of inspiration work. They were compelled by the archetype presentation and the distinction between Wistful Worriers and Dauntless Delegators. They also enjoyed learning about emerging startups that are delivering products to customers, literally in a box, for a subscription fee. This team comes up with the idea for Aqua Box. It’s an initiative where guests don’t have to pack a bag for their travel. Instead, after booking a room, guests can choose from a menu of clothing, shoes, athletic apparel, evening wear, jewelry, and toiletries. When they arrive in their room, a box is waiting for them with all the items they need to use or wear for the trip. Guests can either keep what they like or send it all back after their stay. You like, right? They sketched out their experience like this. Rough sketch of various screens of experience Back to you and your team. This is the time to hand out prototyping templates, and work in small groups to take the best ideas and translate them into a multi-step experience. Have fun and turn up the music! Pitch and Prioritize Your Ideas After teams have had time to sketch, the energy level in the room is high. An effective way for groups to hear all concepts and select the best ideas is to hold a pitch contest. Like contestants on entrepreneurial-pitch reality TV shows, and startup founders in real life, each group has 1–2 minutes to present a compelling business value. The presentation speaks clearly to a customer need and is exciting, believable, and valuable. A helpful template that participants can fill out to structure their thinking is included in the resources section. The template emphasizes the importance of customer centricity and needs-based innovation, adoptability, and business-value creation. Using an idea-pitching competitive approach requires organizing judges, often a panel of leaders and customers combined. Select the winners by applause or by giving each individual dot stickers to allocate to teams as they see fit. After all the pitches, individuals can silently vote for their favorites. The team with the highest count wins. Alright, you’ve now tackled the Dare phase. Don’t forget to circle back with participants after this event or series of events with: • A list of who participated (to remind everyone who is accountable) • Summary of the process and topics covered • Final ideas presented and top concept chosen • Lots of pictures and video to show how fun and interactive the process was Keep learning for Sign up for an account to continue. What’s in it for you? • Get personalized recommendations for your career goals • Practice your skills with hands-on challenges and quizzes • Track and share your progress with employers • Connect to mentorship and career opportunities
Scholastic Canadian Biography: Meet Terry Fox Like many kids, young Terry Fox loved sports. Baseball, track and field, volleyball. Terry was only 18 years old when he was diagnosed with bone cancer and had to have his right leg amputated above the knee. During his hospital stay he was profoundly affected by the experiences of other young cancer patients. Terry decided to do something about it. He decided to run across Canada to raise money and awareness for cancer research. He trained hard for his "Marathon of Hope" and on April 12, 1980, Terry began, dipping his artificial leg in the waters off St. John's, Newfoundland. His plan was to run all the way across the country and as he pounded the miles, more and more people took note, cheering on the young hero -- and donating to his cause. The Marathon of Hope captured the attention and the hearts of Canadians as well as people all over the world. Then 5753 kilometers into his run, Terry had to stop - but his inspiring legacy was just beginning. Author: Elizabeth MacLeod. Hardcover. 6+ years.
Difference between philosophy and psychology How is psychology different from philosophy? Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. Psychology deals with the study of the human mind and its behaviour in a given social context. Which is better philosophy or psychology? Philosophy is everything when psychology deals with behaviour Neither subject is better than the other, both are good in their own way. Psychology on the other hand, is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions. It helps us understand behaviour. Do philosophy and psychology go together? Psychology arises out of philosophy . Therefore, philosophy has brought various topics of study to the field of psychology , like sensation, perception, intelligence, and memory. Even using the same theories, philosophy and psychology often do not come to the same conclusions. What is difference between philosophy and spirituality psychology? What is a psychologist do? Psychologists seek to understand and explain thoughts, emotions, feelings, and behavior. Clinical psychologists assess, diagnose, and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Clinical psychologists help people deal with problems ranging from short-term personal issues to severe, chronic conditions. What are the three major philosophical issues in psychology? Define psychology and discuss the three major philosophical issues : free will vs. determinism. dualism vs. monism (mind-brain problem) nature vs. nurture. You might be interested: Benefits of studying philosophy Is Psychology a useless degree? Is a philosophy degree useless? What is philosophy in simple words? Is psychology a science or philosophy? Psychology is a science because it follows the empirical method. The scientific status of any endeavor is determined by its method of investigation, not what it studies, or when the research was done, and certainly not by who did the investigation. What can you do with a philosophy and psychology degree? Philosophy majors successfully work in, but are not limited to the following occupational fields: lawyer. banker. business professional. counselor. minister. teacher. non-profit work. public relations director. Is philosophy a science? You might be interested: Hegelian philosophy of history What are the 3 main spiritual philosophies? Modern spirituality Transcendentalism and Unitarian Universalism. Theosophy, anthroposophy, and the perennial philosophy . Neo-Vedanta. ” Spiritual but not religious” Judaism. Christianity. Islam. Buddhism. What is mean philosophy? What is your spiritual philosophy? Spiritual philosophy is the spiritually awakened human being. Someone whose wisdom has traveled into the world of inner-self. Spiritual philosophy is focused on human concepts. A good part of humanity knows or feels there’s something non-physical, something bigger than just humans. Leave a Reply
+ ~ - Report an Error THE history and adventures of the 'great diamonds' of Eastern, Northern, Southern, and Western potentates, have been often chronicled; their several values have been estimated at hundreds of thousands, and at millions; but not a syllable has ever been breathed of their utility. The reason is tolerably obvious; these magnificent diamonds are of no practical use at all, being purely ornamental luxuries. Now, it has occurred to us that the diamonds indigenous to England, are the converse of these brilliant usurpers of the chief fame of the nether earth (to say nothing of the vain-glories on the upper surface) being black, instead of prismatic whiteopaque, instead of transpicuous; and in place of deriving a fictitious and fluctuating value from scarcity and ornamental beauty, deriving their value from the realities of their surpassing utility and great abundance. They certainly make no very striking figure in the ball-room dress of prince or princess; but it is their destiny and office to carry comfort to the poor man's home, as well as to the mansion of the rich; they are not to be looked upon as treasures of beauty, they are to be shovelled out and burnt; they are not the bright emblems of no change, and no activity, but like heralds, sent from the depths of night, where Nature works her secret wonders, to advance those sciences and industrial arts which are equally the consequence and the re-acting cause of the progress of In the reign of King Edward the First of England, a new fuel was brought to London, much to his subjects' objection and the perplexity of his majesty. Listen to the history not of the king, but of the great event of his time which few historians mention. If chemical nature beneath the earth be accounted very slow, human nature above ground is comparatively slower,—and without the same reason for it. The transmutations beneath the earth require centuries for their accomplishment, and of necessity;—the proper use of new and valuable discoveries on the surface, is a matter of human understanding and rational will. In the former case, the thing is not perfect without its number of centuries; in the latter, the thing has very seldom been acknowledged without great lapse and loss of time, because mankind will not be made more comfortable and happy without a long fight against the innovation. Wherefore coals, the most excellent material of fuel,—for cooking, for works of industry and skill, for trades and arts, and the cutting short of long journeys,—have only been in use during the last three centuries. The first mention of coals, as a fuel, occurs in a charter of Henry the Third, granting licenses to the burgesses of Newcastle to dig for coals; and in 1281, this city had created, out of these diggings, a pretty good trade. In the beginning of the fourteenth century, coals were first sent from Newcastle to London, by way of a little experiment on the minds of the blacksmiths and brewers, and a few other trades needing fuel; but for no other purposes. So the good black smoke rose from a score or two of favoured chimneys. As one man, all London instantly rose up against it, and was exceeding wroth. Whereof, in 1316, came a petition from Parliament to the king, praying his Majesty,—if he had any love for a fair garden, a clean face, yea, or a clean shirt and ruff,—and if he did not wish his subjects to be choked, or, at the very best, to be smoked into bad hams,—to forbid all use of the new and pestilent fuel called "coals." So the king, seeing the good sense and reasonableness of the request, forthwith issued a Proclamation, commanding all use of the dangerous nuisance of coals to cease from that day henceforth. But the blacksmiths and brewers took counsel together, and they were joined by several other trades, who had found great advantage in the use of coals; and they resolved to continue the same, as secretly as might beforgetting all about the smoke, or innocently trusting that it would not again betray them. No sooner, however, did the black smoke begin to rise and curl above the chimneys, than it was actually seen by many eyes! and away ran the people bawling to Parliament; and more petitions were sent; and his Majesty, being now very angry, ordered all these refractory coal-burning smiths, brewers, and other injurious rogues to be heavily fined, and their fire-places and furnaces cast down and utterly demolished. All this was accordingly done. Still, it was done to no purpose; for so very excellent was the result to the different trades of those who had smuggled and used the prohibited fuel, that use it by some means they would, let happen what might. More chimneys than ever now sent up black curling clouds, and more fire-places and furnaces were destroyed; and so they went on. At length it was wisely discovered that nobody had been choked, poisoned, "cured" into a bad ham, or otherwise injured and transformed. Now, then, of course, it was reasonable to expect, as the advantages were proved to be so great and numerous, the injuries trivial, and the dangers nothing, the use of coal would become pretty general, without more prohibition, contest, or question. No, indeed; this is not the way the world goes on. Social benefits are not to be forced upon worthy people at this rate. Centuries must elapseeven as we find with the growth of metals and minerals beneath the earth. In the latter case, it is a necessary condition; in the former, it is made one. 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Why Is Michelle Obama Portrait Gray Scale? Based in Baltimore, Maryland, Sherald explores the history and representation of African Americans through her art. Using a grayscale, she challenges the notion of color as a concept of race by painting skin tones. Why Does Amy Sherald Paint In Grayscale? “I wanted to create narratives that were hidden. The artist now lives and works in Baltimore, where she paints distinctive portraits set against bold, vibrant surroundings. Each subject is rendered in grayscale, which is directly visible to the viewer. She said that a Black person on a canvas is automatically considered radical. Who Painted Michelle Obama’s Official Portrait? Amy Sherald First Lady Michelle Obama / Artists Is Amy Sherald Black? Amy Sherald Alma mater Clark Atlanta University Maryland Institute College of Art What Medium Does Amy Sherald Use? Amy Sherald / Forms of Painting What Is Amy Sherald Artwork About? A contemporary African-American painter, Amy Sherald is known for her portraits that address issues of injustice in black culture through her art. She was born in 1973. Sherald paints skin tones in gray scale, which prevents identification based on their skin tone. Watch why is michelle obama portrait gray scale Video
More From Forbes Edit Story How Bezos' Billions started with a Big Mac Ed Rensi This article is more than 2 years old. © 2018 Bloomberg Finance LP What do Jeff Bezos, Lin-Manuel Miranda, and Jay Leno have in common? Aside from being household names, Bezos, Miranda, and Leno come from very humble beginnings—once upon a time, they all worked at a McDonald's. But soon, starter jobs that once helped launched so many young workers into their eventual career paths might cease to exist. As House Democrats prepare to push for a federally mandated $15 minimum wage, businesses across the country are looking for ways to reduce labor costs—often through increased automation and the elimination of entry-level positions. This is bad news for young workers, considering nearly half of all minimum wage earners are between 16 and 24 years old. For instance, McDonald's announced earlier this year that by 2020, all its US locations will have self-service ordering kiosks to replace cashiers. Meanwhile, other fast food concepts are experimenting with robotic automation such as “Flippy,” the robot who can cook burgers much faster than the average entry-level fry cook. Some restaurants are eliminating positions altogether. Take Red Robin, which earlier this year announced that the restaurant chain would remove busboys at all 570 locations in order to “address the labor increases [they have] seen.” As labor costs continue to rise, businesses face tough decisions if they want to survive. The website documents the hundreds of businesses throughout the country who’ve been forced to lay off employees or even close down altogether due to rising labor costs. Yet, policymakers continue to push raising the minimum wage hoping to reduce poverty and increase wages for all. Incoming Speaker of the House, Rep. Nancy Pelosi, even stated last year that passing a $15 minimum wage bill would be done “in the first 100 hours” of a Democrat-controlled Congress. In reality, mandated wage hikes are merely eliminating potential jobs for many entry-level employees. In California, research shows that when the state fully phases in a $15 minimum wage by 2022, nearly 400,000 jobs will be lost. Retail and food service employees will be hit hardest since these jobs are usually heavily staffed with entry-level employees. Working a cash register or bussing tables might sound trivial, but for young teens entering the workplace, these jobs teach them valuable soft skills. I started my career as a grill man at McDonald’s. I worked hard and was promoted to restaurant manager within my first year. Each role taught me the value of work, self-sufficiency, and the importance of discipline that would carry with me throughout my time as the CEO of McDonald’s USA. For Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, it was the customer service aspect during his time at McDonald's that lead him to establish a culture of “customer obsession” at Amazon. For many employees, a first job is about learning to show up on time or figuring out how to work on a team. These skills benefit workers in the long run. According to a study by economists at Virginia and Middle Tennessee State University, teenagers who held part-time jobs while in school showed annual earnings that were nearly 20 percent higher than other students without job experience six to nine years after graduation. The beauty of America is that you can flip burgers and tend a cash register at 16 then go on to run your own multi-million dollar (or even billion-dollar) company at 50 but everyone needs to start somewhere. Policymakers should not add additional burdens on employers by pricing teenagers out of the workplace with higher wage mandates that only hurt those its intended to help.
Trouble-Free Literature Examples Programs In The USA A literary analysis essay is a special writing task which any scholar has to complete in school, school, college because reading, understanding and analyzing the texts are the inalienable features of the training process. There isn’t any need to summarize all the story, once providing important paragraphs. It is enough to prepare a brief summary of the primary plot. You can add your own observations and ideas on the finish of the evaluation. Besides, most of the well-liked works of literature are fairly well known, thus your readers are most likely nicely aware of the work you are writing about in your evaluation. Considering Aspects In essay sample Analyzing a novel or brief story is a bit more attention-grabbing given the truth that you have got much more to work with. You may, for example, establish and discover a selected theme (like a personality’s incapability to kind robust bonds after experiencing a tragic childhood) and outline how the writer depicts that theme based mostly on the point of view or course that the story goes. Shakespearean sonnets like Sonnet 18” make excellent Shakespeare essay topics as a result of they are so succinct, but so wealthy with which means. Love and adoration, that are expressed in Sonnet 18” and throughout his different sonnets, are great essential evaluation essay topics. Use Shakespearean sonnets as a chance to show off how many poems you can analyze in a single literary evaluation example. A literary evaluation is the process the place you learn a literary work very carefully to figure out how the writer will get their main points across. Start by taking notes on the text and studying it very rigorously, then develop and description your argument. Write the evaluation in line with your define, and proofread it rigorously before turning it in or sending it on. The Lord of the Rings is basically a story in regards to the struggle of fine verses evil. The setting helps the story personify the difficulties the characters face. The characters go through the trials and share their emotions of fear and triumph with us. The two work together to make an excellent portrayal of exterior and internal struggles that yield an otherwise not possible impact. Describe how the character adjustments or grows all through the plot of the story. Most main characters will experience conflict throughout the course of a story. three Some battle is exterior (caused by forces outdoors of his or her control, or by their setting and the individuals around them), while different battle is internal (personal struggles the character offers with about their own emotions or actions). four Is the character higher or worse at the conclusion? Memorable characters normally change or develop in a literary work of advantage. Essay writing is the most difficult facet of any studies. Students are always thinking: How will I write my essay? They may not be capable of finish up essays for a variety of causes. The good news is that there are services like NerdyMates to help you with essay writing and paper writing. Literary evaluation has the same construction as different in style educational works. Therefore, it comprises a title, an introduction, essential paragraphs, conclusions, and a reference checklist. When dealing with literary evaluation, first test the analyzed work of literature, after which begin finishing your paper. Once you need to analyze Shakespeare’s play, be certain that to focus on the main theme centering the primary characters relations as nicely. While dealing with novels, additionally it is nice to deal with the protagonist’s conduct and actions. The literary analysis permits analyzing numerous works of literature, together with poetry, novels, performs, films, and many others. Themes are massive ideas that authors comment on all through a work using instruments comparable to context, setting, and characters. Widespread themes are good vs. evil, human nature, religion, social construction, authority, coming-of-age, human rights, feminism, racism, warfare, training, intercourse, friendship, love, compassion, and loss of life. Most books take care of a number of themes, some more obvious than others. Identifying an writer’s themes provides you a beginning place in your thesis. It offers you a general topic. Nevertheless, a theme is normal. You need to dig just a little deeper to establish the writer’s statement or attitude about that subject. Rapid Programs For literature essay examples – A Closer Look Use literacy terms as a lot as potential. Such phrases embrace allegory, metaphors, similes, diction, plot, setting, characters, tone, allusion, irony, among others. Literary analysis involves looking at how numerous features the catcher in the rye genres literary realism of a textual content work together to speak its themes and meanings. It may be applied to novels, quick tales, plays, poems, or some other form of literary writing. Fast Solutions Of literature essay samples – An Introduction Each academic writing dilemma may be solved! We write all forms of papers in several topic areas from scratch. Most literary evaluation essays will typically appear in MLA format , so you’ll want to be sure you get this step proper. Right here is a great link to a sample MLA paper that shows you the ropes. The purpose of a literary evaluation is to demonstrate why the creator used specific characters, themes, settings, imagery, and so on. to influence the reader in a story. It tries to determine an vital theme and then investigates the literary devices that the creator used to reveal that theme. The literary analysis also helps to develop vital considering skills in students by difficult them to look past the literal meanings by dissecting the story to see how the items fit collectively. Comments are closed.
Readers ask: How Big Is Nam Ngum Reservoir Laos? What is the biggest lake in Laos? Nam Ngum Lake is located in Keo-Oudom District Vientiane Province. It is the biggest lake in Laos, with a beautiful scenery. How many hydroelectric dams are in Laos? There are sixteen hydro power projects in Laos that use dams to store or divert water for electricity generation. How many dams has Laos built on the Mekong? China has built a cascade of 11 large dams in the Lancang River, as the Chinese call the upper stretches of the Mekong that flows through it. Laos has already built 79 dams on the Mekong’s mainstream and tributaries on its way to building 100 dams by 2030, according to the country’s ministry of energy and mines. How many dams are being built on the Mekong? ‘Love Mekong, No Dam’ Protests against Laos’ plans to build a network of 11 dams along the Mekong River with backing from neighboring Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam have been going on for decades. The four countries hope that energy produced by the network will drive economic growth in the region. What type of government does Laos have? You might be interested: FAQ: How To Make Papaya Salad Laos? When was the Xayaburi dam built? How many dams are in Thailand? Currently, there are 682 dams across the region in which 33 are cate- gorized as large dams, each having more than 100 m3 storage capacity; 463 dams as medium capacity account for 5,325 m3 storage in total; and 4,262 are as small reser- voirs (RID, 2010; Chanjula, 2009). Leave a Reply
Ode Poem by William Wordsworth \| Synonyms, Examples, Literary Terms, History and Types of Ode Ode Poem: An ode is a form of literary or artistic expression that is a dedication or celebration of a person, place, thing, or idea. It is a lyrical form of poetry. What is Ode? Ode is a Greek word Ode Poem meaning sing or chant. An ode is a specific form of poetry that is intended to dedicate and celebrate a person, place, object, concept, idea, etc. There are no bounds of rules while writing an ode, such as stanzas or lines. An ode is usually accompanied by music and dance. Thus, the poetry form is lyrical in nature. Poets have reserved their contemporary use to express strong emotions and sentiments towards something that exists in the past. The tone of the ode is generally factual and serious. Ode is a type of poetic essence that can be reflected through multi-stanza or sonnet forms. Types Of Ode Ode is of three types: 1. the Pindaric Ode 2. the Horatian Ode, and 3. the Irregular Ode. The Pindaric Ode This form of Ode is named after the ancient Greek poet Pindar. He is credited with the invention of this particular type of ode. The Pindaric Ode or poems were performed with music and dance. This became a major phenomenon to celebrate athletic victories. The Pindaric Ode is comprised of three structural parts- strophi, antistrophe, and epode. The beginning is formal and contains complex metrical texts. It is called strophi. The middle or intermediate body contains repetitive texts from the beginning, and it is called antistrophe. The final or epode section comprises varied metrical values. The best example of a Pindaric Ode is William Wordsworth’s poem, Ode on Intimations of immortality from recollections of early childhood. The Horatian Ode This type of ode is less formal in nature. It was named after the Roman poet Horace. The tone of this form is quiet and peaceful. It is not generally sung in ceremonies or festivities. This form of Ode follows a regular recurrent stanza structure that is more suited for quiet reading rather than theatrical presentation. A perfect example of Horatian Ode is Allen Tate’s poem “Ode to the confederate Dead.” The Irregular Ode This type of ode is written irrespective of any regulations of Ode. Usually, the ode embraces all kinds of possible inputs with a core system of a classical pattern of ode. The tone of the ode differs as the poetic subject varies. A perfect example of an irregular ode is John Keats’s “Ode On A Grecian Urn.” History of Ode in English The history of the Ode dates back to the 8th and 9th centuries. It was foremost introduced in European land, taking the form of lyrical poetry sung in ceremonies and events. Other cultures, such as Persian, Indian, American, etc., popularized ode by following their poems’ poetic techniques. In the English literary universe, Edmunds Spencer’s Odes “Epithalamium” and “Prothalamium” are major factors that led to odes’ popularization. Soon poets like John Dryden and Abraham Crowly effectively started writing odes and their variant forms such as Pindaric Odes. The major popularity earned by the odes was during the era of great English poets such as John Keats, William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelly, etc. These poets extensively used the various forms of odes to express their strong emotions towards people, things, and events. How to Write an Ode? Odes are usually easy to compose because of their less complex rules. With the use of certain poetic elements, writing an ode is simple. 1. The first element of writing any piece is inspiration. Before you begin writing an ode, figure out your inspiration. The inspiration can be anything from a person to a fictional object. 2. After deciding on your muse, you must thoroughly gain knowledge about it. You might not end up writing about each of its aspects, but knowledge helps to gain perspective. 3. Decide on the things you finally want to write and note the points. 4. Start writing the ode. 5. Use various poetic elements such as alliteration, repetition, anaphora, metaphors, similes, enjambment, etc., to make your poem more aesthetic in nature. 6. Use of grammatical senses such as verbs, nouns, adjectives, etc., must be carefully done. 7. While writing the ode, try to think and get the best perspective and frame the words cautiously. 8. After finishing the poem, make sure to edit it yourself or ask someone else to edit it. Why do Writers Write Ode? Writers write an ode to express their strong emotions and feelings towards a person or object. Odes are a way to highlight forgotten things, people, or feelings. Sometimes odes are written to celebrate people or an event. Some odes are also written to make people aware of the little things in life that matter, but people mostly unsee them. Sometimes odes on nature and its beauty are written to remind people of their importance. Ode Poem Examples “Ode on Intimations of immortality from recollections of early childhood” by William Wordsworth A brilliant example of Pinadric Ode in the English language is “Ode on Intimations of immortality from recollections of early childhood” by William Wordsworth. The Ode begins with the following line: There was a time when meadow, grove, and stream, The earth and every common sight To me did seem Apparelled in celestial light, The glory and the freshness of a dream. It is not now as it hath been of yore;— Turn wheresoe’er I may, By night or day, The things which I have seen I now can see no more This ode is dedicated to the natural world, where the poet tells the readers to appreciate it—the poet highlights how humanity has forgotten the wonders of nature. The poet wants the readers to make a place for nature in their hearts. Through the poem, the poet remembers the time when nature was appreciated and celebrated. “Ode on Solitude” By Alexander Pope A brilliant example of a Horatian ode is the poem “Ode on Solitude” by Alexander Pope. The poem goes as: Happy the man, whose wish and care A few paternal acres bound, to breathe his native air, In his own ground. Whose herds with milk, whose fields with bread. Whose flocks supply him with attire, Whose trees in summer yield him shade, In winter fire. Throughout the entire poem, the poet brings out the vitality of solitude and its place in human lives. The poet uses rhythmic tone and metaphorical language to write this ode. “Ode to a Nightingale” by John Keats A good example of Irregular Ode is John Keats’s “Ode to a Nightingale.” The poem goes as: Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird! No hungry generations tread thee down; The voice I hear this passing night was heard In ancient days by emperor and clown: Perhaps the self-same song that found a path The poet writes an ode to a nightingale and its nature. This is a celebrated poem of 1819. The speaker appreciates the bird nightingale and writes about its history, present, and future. Other Examples Of Odes 1. The Lady to her Guitar by Emily Bronte 2. Ode to the west wind by Percy Bysshe Shelly 3. Ode to a Grecian Urn by John Keats 4. Ode to the Confederate Dead by Allen Tate 5. The Progress of Poesy: A Pindaric Ode by Thomas Gray 6. Ode to Spring by Thomas Gray 7. Ode to thread by Pablo Neruda 8. Odeon a Greyson Perry Urn by Tim Turnbull Ode Synonyms Some words that can be referred to as resembling or similar words to ode are verse, composition, lyric, ballad, poesy, song, etc. However, no exactly a word exists that is truly synonymous to ode. Ode Related Literary Terms • Allegory-a poet uses this poetic sense to express broader aspects of a theme or story, or idea. • Ballad- This is a narrative poetic form, where the poet uses narration and storytelling to express. It is often companioned by music and chorus. • Elegy- This is a poem or song dedicated to someone who has died. • Figurative Language- These are the figures of speeches such as metaphors, similes, proverbs, etc., that are used in writing a poem. Other Useful Sources 1. Ode and its early culture 2. 14th century English odes 3. The types of Odes 4. Examples of Irregular Odes 5. The greatest English Poets 6. The history of odes How do you write an ode poem? • If you’re looking to write your own ode, remember these rules: • Use quatrain stanzas. Classic odes (Pindaric and Horatian) use four-line stanzas known as quatrains. … • Choose a grand or intensely personal subject. … • Be precise about the length of your lines. What is an ode poetry? A formal, often ceremonious lyric poem that addresses and often celebrates a person, place, thing, or idea. Its stanza forms vary. The Greek or Pindaric What is ode and its example? ode Add to list Share. An ode is a kind of poem, usually praising something. A famous example is John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn.” Apparently, Keats was really into urns. … The word ode comes from a Greek word for “song,” and like a song, an ode is made up of verses and can have a complex meter. What are the 3 types of odes? There are three main types of odes: • Horatian ode. … • Irregular ode.
Relations between Turkey and Serbia Relations between Turkey and Serbia have reached the highest level in the last years throughout the history of both countries in line with the “strategic partnership” objective. Despite the fact that Turkey and Serbia have no common border, both countries consider each other as neighbours. This represents the confirmation of the shared importance attached to bilateral relations. Considerable progress has been achieved in the context of bilateral relations as well as in the Turkey-Serbia-Bosnia-Herzegovina trilateral mechanism led by Turkey. This cooperation, which has been closely followed by the international community, constitutes a precedent for relations between regional countries. Recently, main items in the agenda of the bilateral relations such as Free Trade Agreement, Agreement on the Infrastructure Cooperation, mutual abolition of visas, and launching of TIKA’s activities in Serbia were all finalized during the reciprocal high level visits of Presidents, Speakers of Parliament, Prime Ministers and Foreign Ministers of both countries. Sancak region, where Bosnians having many relatives in Turkey live, is viewed as “a bridge of friendship” by both countries. The region plays an important role in the context of bilateral relations. Both Turkey and Serbia endeavour to reflect their developing political relations to other areas, particularly economic and commercial fields in the future.
Artificial Intelligence for Smarter Cybersecurity November 13, 2020 Organizations continue to embrace the Internet of Things (IoT), the cloud, and mobile technology. This has influenced considerable changes in the threat landscape and created more vulnerability points. Cybercriminals are leveraging these new vulnerability points to develop and launch sophisticated, high-volume, multi-dimensional attacks. Such attacks mean that data is at risk, and organizations must analyze potentially malicious files. Using artificial intelligence software, organizations can process large volumes of threat data and adequately prevent and respond to breaches and hacks. This article will discuss how machine learning and artificial intelligence improve cybersecurity in four important areas: network security, data centers, threat hunting, and vulnerability management. Network Security Network security mainly focuses on the understanding of network topography and creating a security policy of an organization. Securities policies help distinguish legitimate network connections from illegitimate ones. But drafting and maintaining policies for multiple networks may be a challenge. Also, some organizations don’t know how to follow security policies properly. Others may not have a precise naming convention for workloads and applications. This means that network security teams have to attach significantly different workloads to given applications. These activities are time-consuming, and the use of artificial intelligence technology can come in handy. AI can expedite these processes by learning and observing traffic patterns and suggesting security policies. This way, organizations save on time, resources, and effort. The organization can allocate these two other areas of technological advancement or development. Data Centers Cyber attackers target data centers to get critical data. Cybersecurity has improved over the years with advancements in technology. Being aware of this, cybercriminals regularly develop more advanced malware strains to ensure successful cyber-attacks on organizational networks. Organizations can deploy artificial intelligence technology in their data centers to enhance data security. To ensure data security, AI learns normal network behavior. It then can detect cyber threats by monitoring for any variations from regular network behavior. Particularly, supervised Machine Learning is crucial in identifying new malware posing a threat to data centers. Malware are constantly developed to bypass traditional systems, relying on signature recognition. The good news is that modern machine learning systems that use Recurrent Neural Networks (RRN) help detect this malware. Machine learning and RNN use linguistic analysis to provide a more accurate result. Malware-generated domains typically have strange consonants/vowel ratios, which helps RNNs to identify and isolate the issue(s). The application of AI in a data center can help identify security loopholes and detect malware in data center systems. AI-based cybersecurity can analyze or screen outgoing and incoming data security threats. Threat Hunting The asymmetric nature of cybersecurity is an inherent problem that seems to encourage malicious acts of attackers. With this, cyber-attackers only need to be successful once by exploiting just a single weakness while the defenders must be successful every time. Preventing threats requires more than just ensuring data security. It also requires combing for threats on an entire information technology stack. Here, AI is essential to identify abnormalities, outliers, and patterns in all data with no need to apply fixed rules. Human analysts depend on this output to investigate and act. This is often referred to as threat hunting in security language. It involves narrowing down threats by collaborating security analytics and machine intelligence, and advanced human cognition. Artificial intelligence uses artificial neural network-based techniques for cyber-threat detection. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) identify patterns, learn system characteristics, and compare recent user activity with normal behavior. This way, we can recognize malicious events with more consistency. Ideally, system administrators leverage this technology to protect their organization against cyber-threats. Vulnerability Management Every year, there are many reported vulnerabilities to cybersecurity. It’s extremely difficult to manage these unique vulnerabilities with traditional technology or human resources. Modern approaches to vulnerability management are data-driven, and their corrective actions target specific vulnerabilities depending on their exploitability, environment, and exploit pulse. They involve the automation of cybersecurity with artificial intelligence to categorize, list, and rate cyber-threats/risks. Once AI systems identify vulnerable points, they provide immediate strategic solutions which may include blocking cyberattacks. In most cases, systems that use machine learning and artificial intelligence don’t wait for online attackers to exploit existing vulnerabilities. Rather, these systems find potential vulnerabilities in information systems. They rely on multiple factors such as hackers’ patterns, the reputation of the hacker, and the hacker’s conversations on the dark web. AI-ML systems analyze these factors and use the insights to assess how and when threats might attack vulnerable targets. Negative Effects of AI on Cybersecurity Cybersecurity experts have embraced AI because of its significance in the industry. Yet, aside from being a solution, AI can pose a considerable threat to businesses. Artificial intelligence relies on supervised learning. With this, algorithms label data sets depending on their nature. This could be clean data, malware, or some other tag. If cybercriminals get access to the security firm, they can alter those labels to suit their interests or needs. Besides, advanced hacking campaigns can use machine learning technology to manipulate routine tasks that rely on that artificial intelligence technology. AI can identify irregularities and abnormalities in a network, they deduce patterns from data, and analyze user behaviors. With this information, identifying cyber vulnerabilities becomes easier. However, cyber attackers can use the same information to create malicious cyber programs that imitate legitimate AI-based algorithms, so the information might be susceptible to cyber crime. The Future of AI and Cybersecurity The future application of artificial intelligence to improve cybersecurity looks promising. Security teams expect AI to enhance and respond better to cyber-attacks. Human analysts are designing better defense strategies, and AI will enforce the best methods to ensure cybersecurity. Response time to threats will improve, and human experts will have more free time to handle more complicated investigations. Artificial intelligence’s natural language can predict and understand the origin of cyberattacks. We’ll see this principle put into effect by scanning data across the internet. Next-generation firewalls might have a powerful in-built machine learning technology. This will help find patterns in network packets and blocking them automatically if flagged as a threat. Artificial intelligence promotes and enhances cybersecurity. Lately, cybersecurity teams have increased their use of AI to augment their efforts of ensuring information security. Cyber-attacks are very dynamic, and AI is imperative in providing much-needed analysis and threat identification. Attackers also take advantage of AI to find loopholes in cybersecurity and plan their attacks. Using AI in cybersecurity is expected to advance in the future, thus ensuring that systems can respond better to attacks. Sources & Additional Resources Peer Review Contributions by: Lalithnarayan C About the author Eric Kahuha
ScienceTalk: Covid-19 vaccine facts, fallacies and hoaxes There are no short cuts when it comes to establishing the safety of a vaccine. There are no short cuts when it comes to establishing the safety of a vaccine.PHOTO: AFP SINGAPORE - While Covid-19 has infected about 65 million people worldwide, misinformation, fake news and conspiracy theories about the virus have probably spread to billions. Benjamin Seet and Ren Ee Chee clear the air about vaccines. Q Can Covid-19 vaccines cause long term complications? A It is too early to tell. Some complications are so rare that they are only seen once every one million to two million vaccinations, sometimes as long as one to two years later. To date, only about 200,000 people have taken part in late-stage clinical trials for different Covid-19 vaccines worldwide, with the longest follow-up not exceeding four months. So it is still too early to draw firm conclusions. What we do know is that major vaccine companies have been very transparent with their data, and have taken the unprecedented step of publishing their clinical trial protocols and interim results. These are submitted to health regulators who assess the data with tough guidelines also applied to other vaccines. There are no shortcuts when it comes to establishing the safety of a vaccine. We should expect no less with Covid-19 vaccines, despite their compressed development timelines. Q Can an RNA vaccine change my DNA? A There are some who claim that ribonucleic acid (RNA) vaccines can manipulate and change human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), resulting in a genetically-modified human. Biologically, it just does not work that way. DNA uses one set of molecules for its genetic code, while RNA is made up of a different set of molecules. The genetic information flow is one-way: DNA contains information that cells use to make messenger RNA (mRNA), which in turn provides a template to assemble proteins the body needs. The mRNA in Covid-19 vaccines cannot change human DNA. Besides, the half-life of mRNA vaccines is very short. Once injected, it is quickly taken up by the body's cells and broken down after 48 hours. The influenza virus is an RNA virus. When you catch the flu, you are in fact getting a massive dose of virus RNA. It can make you sick, but it does not change your DNA. Q Does Covid-19 vaccination inject live viruses into your body? A There are different types of Covid-19 vaccines. One common vaccine is made up of dead viruses that have been chemically inactivated and are no longer infectious. These include the vaccines produced by Sinovac, Sinopharm and Valneva. Another type of vaccine makes use of a common virus, called adenovirus, to transport a small fragment of Sars-CoV-2 gene into cells. Such viral vectors are weakened so that they pose little risk of causing illness compared with a natural infection. Examples of vaccines that employ adenoviruses include the ones produced by AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and CanSino, and the Russian Sputnik V vaccine. Other leading programmes from Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Novavax and Sanofi use biotechnology to manufacture either RNA or protein sub-unit vaccines, and do not make use of viruses, dead or live. Q Is it better to get immunity from a natural infection rather than through vaccination? A Both scenarios can produce high-quality immune protection. However, with natural infection, there is a risk of developing serious and potentially life-threatening illness, particularly in the elderly and those with pre-existing diseases like diabetes. A small number of individuals may also develop "long-Covid", where they experience chronic symptoms including shortness of breath, headaches and even damage to the heart, lungs and kidneys. This condition is not fully understood, and there is no standard treatment. It is also unlikely for entire populations to achieve herd immunity through natural infection. Even in hard-hit communities, studies have shown that less than 10 per cent of people show immunity against Covid-19, which means that the remainder continue to be vulnerable. Q If I get vaccinated, does it mean that I no longer need to wear a mask? A It is important to continue wearing a mask to protect the people around you. Being vaccinated greatly reduces your risk of developing symptomatic Covid-19 disease, as well as the chance of getting severe disease. However, it may not stop you from getting infected without showing symptoms, or from spreading the virus to your family and friends. Q Are vaccine companies implanting microchips into our bodies to control us? A There are those who believe that information technology and pharmaceutical companies are in alliance to incorporate microchips into vaccines, in an attempt to track who has been vaccinated. In more sensational versions of this hoax, there are claims that 5G networks and artificial intelligence will send signals to these microchips to control human behaviour. While we are unable to establish the origin of this falsehood, it predates Covid-19 by almost a decade. Hoaxers tend to look for old stories and adapt them to the current situation to make the lies seem more convincing. What we know is that certain vaccines contain metal salts, typically aluminium phosphate or aluminium hydroxide, to enhance the immune response. Such adjuvants - added to vaccines to improve immune response - have been used safely in vaccines for more than 60 years. Vaccine adjuvants cannot be tracked or controlled by 5G. In fact, mobile phones make better tracking devices that already control human behaviour.
Your location:Home News common problem How does the oil mist separator work? 2021-06-15 \| View:225 The oil mist separator is composed of a side channel blower and a filter housing containing filter elements. The side channel blower generates a negative pressure in the filter housing, and air containing oil mist is sucked into it. The filter element is specially designed for purifying exhaust gas. The disposable filter element containing ultrafine fiber can provide better filtration efficiency under extremely low pressure drop, and the void (pore) volume is more than 90%, with open pore quality and very long service life. These elements are self-sealing and can be easily sealed into the housing by axial compression with integrated special tie rods. The air flows into the cavity in the filter housing through the intake column tube and flows to the filter element. Here, the fine oil droplets in the air remain in the element, and the air flow brings them to the surface. The special two-layer structure consists of an integrated supporting inner layer sandwiched between two bound outer layers. This design provides excellent burst strength, optimizes the coalescence of droplets, and ensures long-lasting and efficient removal of oil mist. Since the filter element is composed of multiple layers, it can prevent the extracted oil mist from blowing back through the element. The oil separated by the filter element flows along the outer surface of the filter element to the bottom of the housing. It is collected in the annular space around the bottom of the filter. From here, the purified oil is delivered to the oil tank through the oil outlet and the connected oil hose. The inorganic components of the filter element are completely inert to all lubricating substances and can resist almost all chemical substances in the air.
AUM-N-2 Petrel The AUM-N-2 Petrel, also known as Kingfisher C and AUM-2, was an air-to-surface missile produced as part of Project Kingfisher for the United States Navy. Intended for use against enemy surface ships and surfaced submarines, giving aircraft the ability to deliver aerial torpedoes from outside the range of defensive armament, it saw brief operational service in the late 1950s. The project was never considered a high priority by the Navy however, as it was useless against submerged submarines, which were considered the greatest potential threat. AUM-N-2 Petrel A Petrel carried by a P2V Neptune aircraft TypeAnti-ship missile Place of originUnited States Service history In service1956–59 Used byUnited States Navy Production history ManufacturerFairchild Guided Missiles Division Mass3,800 lb (1,700 kg) Length24 ft (7.32 m) Diameter24 in (61 cm) WarheadMark 41 torpedo EngineFairchild J44 turbojet 1,000 lbf (4.4 kN) Wingspan13 ft 2 in (401 cm) 20 nmi (23 mi; 37 km) Speed375 mph (604 km/h) Following its withdrawal from operational usage, the Petrel was used as a target drone, receiving the designation AQM-41A shortly before being retired from service altogether. Design and development The development of the Petrel began in August 1944, when the U.S. Navy Bureau of Ordnance (BuOrd) began Project Kingfisher, intending to develop a series of standoff torpedo weapons.[1] The "Kingfisher C", later designated AUM-2 and then as AUM-N-2 (for 'Air-to-Underwater Missile'),[2] was designed as an air-launched jet-powered missile which carried a torpedo as its payload.[3] Various different design options were considered for this missile; the final choice was a Mark 21 Mod 2 torpedo,[4] 24 inches (610 mm) in diameter, with a Fairchild J44 turbojet engine providing 1,000 lbf (4.4 kN) thrust, wooden fins and wings 13 feet 2 inches (4.01 m) in span, and a nose fairing housing guidance equipment. On launch the 3,800-pound (1,700 kg), 24-foot (7.3 m) missile dropped to 200 feet (61 m) above the water and cruised at Mach 0.5 towards the target, using semi-active radar homing. Once the missile had reached a range of just under 4,900 feet (1,500 m) from its target, the engine would be shut down and all wings and fins jettisoned. The torpedo dropped on a free trajectory into the water and began to home in on the target.[3] The weapon was suitable for use against surface targets only—primarily ships and surfaced submarines,[5] with the Navy considering the weapon effective against targets traveling at up to 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph).[1] The AUM-2 was usually carried by the Lockheed P2V Neptune, although the Grumman S2F Tracker was also considered as a potential carrier aircraft.[3] Operational history Under the authority of the National Bureau of Standards,[3] tests of the AUM-2 began in 1951;[5] by this time, the Mark 41 torpedo had replaced the Mark 21 Mod 2 as its payload.[6] Development was transferred to the Guided Missiles Division of Fairchild Aircraft in 1954, with the missile being declared operational in 1956;[5] the Petrel project was publicly revealed by Fairchild in the company's annual report for that year.[7] The weapons were produced at the Fairchild Guided Missiles Division factory at Wyandanch, Long Island, New York;[8] production was completed by 1957.[3] The Petrel was never considered a very high priority by the U.S. Navy, which was far more concerned about the threat from submarines than surface ships. New submarine designs powered by nuclear reactors, which could remain submerged indefinitely, were beginning to appear in the mid-1950s. The prospects of catching an enemy submarine on the surface were therefore receding, and more emphasis was being placed on underwater engagements, for which Petrel's radar homing was useless; the use of semi-active radar guidance also required the launching aircraft to continue closing on the target throughout the missile's flight, exposing it to a far greater danger from enemy defenses.[5] In 1956 patrol squadrons VP(HM)-13 on the Atlantic coast and VP(HM)-10 on the Pacific coast working up with P2V-6M Neptune carrier aircraft; however in 1957 responsibility for the Petrel was transferred to the United States Navy Reserve units, with VP-834 being assigned as the Petrel's operational squadron in the USNR.[1] By the start of 1959 the phaseout of the Petrel had begun, and on 29 January 1959 the Petrel program was cancelled entirely, no longer being considered necessary in the changing strategic environment.[1] The Neptunes that had been converted for carrying the missile were restored to their normal configuration and reassigned,[1] with the remaining Petrels were converted to serve as air-launched target drones.[5] One day in 1956, a Petrel launched against target ship USS Mississippi, then the oldest ship in the Navy, struck the ship's no.1 screw, bending the propeller shaft slightly. The ship entered Portsmouth Navy Yard and subsequently was decommissioned in September 1956.[9] In 1962, the remaining Petrel drones were redesignated AQM-41A under the new Tri-Service designation system; they were finally retired from service shortly afterwards.[5] 1. Friedman 1982, p. 203. 2. Grossnick & Armstrong 1997, p. 672. 3. Ordway & Wakeford 1960, pp. USA28–29. 4. Friedman 1982, p. 268. 5. Parsch 2005. 6. & Friedman 1982, p. 119. 7. American Aviation Historical Society Journal, Volume 44 (1999). p. 88. 8. "Navy's New Petrel Missile Termed Sparkling Success". San Bernardino Daily Sun. San Bernardino, CA. 4 April 1956. p. 12. 9. Citation: Personal recollection by a Mississippi sailor • Friedman, Norman (1982). U.S. Naval Weapons: Every gun, missile, mine, and torpedo used by the U.S. Navy from 1883 to the present day. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-735-7. • Grossnick, Roy A. & Armstrong, William J. (1997). United States Naval Aviation, 1910-1995, Volume 2. Naval Historical Center. ISBN 978-0-16-0491-24-5. • Ordway, Frederick Ira & Wakeford, Ronald C. (1960). International Missile and Spacecraft Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill. ASIN B000MAEGVC. • Parsch, Andreas (17 September 2005). "Fairchild AUM-N-2/AQM-41 Petrel". Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. Designation-Systems. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
If you download or print anything from this site, please consider making at least a $10.00 donation through PayPal. I can maintain and expand this website only with your help. Writing the Synthesis Essay Best Handouts Life AP Language Synthesis Research Assignment (Sandy Jameson) -- Complete packet for students to develop their own synthesis essay prompts and sources as a group project and includes suggested topics. Then, within the group each individual develops an annotated bibliography and writes a sample response. As a group, students complete a synthesis essay assignment, pooling all the best resources. Finishes off with a reflection on the research process. Synthesis Essay Packet for Researched Argument (Margaret Lee) -- Assignment focuses on developing the prompt and preparing seven one-page sources. Synthesis Package Assignment -- My version of above assignments, adapted for pre-AP English sophomores. Synthesis Prompt Template (Eileen Bach) -- Already formatted like the College Board prompt in Word format. Synthesis Prompt Template (Rolf Gunnar) -- Already formatted like the College Board prompt in Word format. new Synthesis Source Evaluations & Conversations (Tim Freitas) -- Excellent form for analyzing sources, even includes a comic strip activity that helps focus on citation. new Synthesis Workshop -- PowerPoint for Students developing their own synthesis prompts. DBQ Template -- form for analyzing sources. new Student Synthesis Prompts -- Sample Student Prompts by Alfonso Correa’s students. He asked them to create a prompt in small groupos, with five sources, two of which had to be visual. Rubrics & Scoring Guides Writing Synthesis Essay People’s Publishing has two titles focused specifically on the Synthesis prompt --Writing the Synthesis Essayand Analysis, Argument, and Synthesis Samplers. Prepared Essay Packets (38)* Generous teachers and their students have shared synthesis prompts they have developed. Quality and difficulty of the packets varies, but all follow the College Board format. When known, teachers are named on the materials. A special thanks to Jodi Rice and Eileen Bach for collecting and sharing many of these. Eight packets have been removed from this website at the request of the unattributed original developers, the Los Altos High School English Department (Animals in Captivity, Celebrity Role Models, Food We Eat, Freedom of Speech, Gun Control, NCAA Athletes, Teens and Technology, and Youth Violence and the Prison System). DBQs: Data-Based Question ResearchThe Data-Based Question, a mainstay of Advanced Placement social studies courses, is close kin to the Synthesis Essay. DBQ Scoring Guides are helpful, since they specifically list evidence available to support the prompt -- from source details and expected prior student knowledge. See the Roosevelt prompt, samples, commentary, and scoring guide (Full CB Packet). DBQ & Synthesis Matrix -- compares both formats. “Is the Hot Dog a Sandwich?” is a famous and fun DBQ, especially appropriate for AP Language (Full-size chart). Writing the DBQ handouts from several teachers. Similar but different enough to make each worth viewing. DBQ 1 , DBQ 2 , DBQ 3 , DBQ 4 . DBQ Questions and DBQ Main Page offer sample DBQ prompts. Revolution of 1989 in Germany cleverly sets up an online DBQ, rubric and all. Greatest Idea New York Times “Room for Debate” -- The Times invites four or five knowledgeable outside contributors to discuss news events and other timely issues. Promotes debate through writer selection. Excellent source for opposing opinions on current events, whether you or your students are the ones designing the prompt packet. I would suggest that only two of your sources should come from this reference. New York Times “300 Questions and Images to Inspire Argument Writing” -- excellent practice for the synthesis essay. new The Flip Side is an email service that provides balanced resources on issues where there are multiple valid perspectives. After you sign up, you will get daily emails on varied subjects. College Board References College Board Special Focus Materials: Using Sources Articles from the College Board website -- PowerPoints & Prezis Writing the AP Synthesis Essay -- Prezi by Debra Kendall. Visual, Persuasive, and Rhetorical Analysis -- Prezi by Ingrid Rodriguez. An In-Depth Look at the Synthesis Essay Question -- PowerPoint by Randi Lundgren. Sample Synthesis Essay Question -- Television draft prompt from 2007 annotated. DBQ vs. Synthesis and How to Respond to a DBQ OK, so I am a Matthew Singleton fan. Someone else talking...and talking well. Other videographers -- “Introduction to the Synthesis Essay” from Educator.com. “The Synthesis Essay” by Ms. Boeckle. SynthesizingCollege Board Synthesis Essays updated Links are to the FULL released exam which includes the referenced synthesis prompt and its sources, student samples, scoring guides, and commentary. Some may also include activities or additional references. Chief Reader David Jolliffe explains why College Board developed this newer format and explains what is the intent of the format. Each answer requires the student to synthesize at least three sources in the essay. 2007 Television Draft Television has been influential in United States presidential elections since the 1960’s. But just what is this influence, and how has it affected who is elected? Has it made elections fairer and more accessible, or has it moved candidates from pursuing issues to pursuing image? Based on 6 sources. Take a position that defends, challenges, or qualifies the claim that television has had a positive impact on presidential elections. 2007B Invasive Species Draft Invasive species are nonnative plants and animals that thrive outside of their natural range and may harm or endanger native plants and animals. As producers and consumers in our global society, we affect and are affected by species introduced accidentally or intentionally to a region. Currently, some people argue for stricter regulations of imported species to avoid the possibility of unintended negative consequences. Others, however, claim that the economies and basic resources of poorer nations could be improved by selective importation of nonnative species. Based on 7 sources. Write an essay in which you evaluate what a business or government agency would need to consider before transferring a hardy but nonindigenous species to another country. 2007 Advertising That advertising plays a huge role in society is readily apparent to anyone who watches television, listens to radio, reads newspapers, uses the Internet, or simply looks at billboards on streets and buses. Advertising has fierce critics as well as staunch advocates. Critics claim that advertisement is propaganda, while advocates counter that advertising fosters free trade and promotes prosperity. Based on 6 sources. Write an essay in which you develop a position on the effects of advertising. 2007B Museum Artifacts Museums are collections of artifacts. Although museums can represent interests from fine arts to whaling, people who visit museums sometimes fail to realize that every exhibit, every display case, represents a series of human decisions.: some individual or group of individuals has to decide to include a particular piece of art or specific artifact in the museum’s collectiuon. Based on 6 sources. Write an essay in which you develop a position on the most important considerations facing the person responsible for securing a new work of art or an artifact for a museum. 2008 Global Warming Global warming (an increase in Earth’s external temperatures) has been blamed for a host of recent worldwide issues, including an increase in the number and severity of hurricanes, higher temperatures and droughts, and various other environmental changes. Some strategies that are used to curtail global warming may affect global politics and economics. Based on 6 sources. Write an essay in which you take a position on the key issues that leaders (in science, politics, business, etc.) should consider when making policies that affect global warming. Removed because this prompt is part of the AP Coure Audit Secure documents and should be accessible only to registered teachers. 2008 Penny In 2001 United States Representative Jim Kolbe introduced legislation to Congress to eliminate the penny cpin in most transactions. Although this legislation failed, there are still consistent calls to eliminate the penny as the smallest denominatrion United States coin. Based on 7 sources. Write an essay in which you develop a position on whether or not the penny should be eliminated. 2008B National School Curriculum Some nations have a defined national school curricuum, while others, such as the United States, do not. As a result, students in high school English classes in the United States can read texts that vary widely from school to school, while students in other countries may all read the same books in high school. Based on 6 sources. Write an essay that develops a position on whether or not there should be specific texts that all students of high school English must read. 2009 Space Exploration Explorers and tales of explorations tend to capture the human imagination. However, such explorations have financial and ethical consequences. Space exploration is no exception. Based on 8 sources. Develop a position about what issues should be considered most important in making decisions about space exploration and synthesize at least three of the sources for support. 2009B Individuality vs. Conformity in Public Schools Mass public schooling has traditionally proclaimed among its goals the following: (1) to help each student gain personal fulfillment and (2) to help create good citizens. These two goals -- one aimed at the betterment of individuals and the other aimed at the betterment of society -- might seem at odds with one another. At the very least, these two goals are a cause of much tension within schools at every level: schools want students to be allowed or encouraged to think for themselves and pursue their own interests, but schools also believe that it is right in some circumstances to encourage conformity in order to socialize students. Based on 7 sources. Choose an issue related to the tension in schools between individuality and conformity. You might choose an issue such as dress codes, mandatory classes, or the structure of the school day. You do not have to choose an issue that you have experienced personally. Write an essay in which you use this issue to argue the extent to which schools should support individuality or conformity. 2010 Information Technology Much attention has been given lately to the ubiquitous presence of information techn ologies. Our daily lives seem to be saturated with television, computers, cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and MP3 players, to name just a few of the most common technologies. Many people extol the ability of such technologies to provide easy access to information and facilitate research and learning. At the same time, however, some critics worry that the widespread use of information technologies forces our lives to move too quickly. We encounter images and information from the INternet and other sources faster than we can process or evaluate them, and even though electronic communcation has been enhanced, both the quality and quantity of face-to-face interaction is changing. Based on 6 sources. In an essay, evaluate the most important factors that a school should consider before using particular technologies in curriculum and instruction. newTech in Schools Role-playing Activity 2010B Daylight Savings Time In much of the world, the time that regulates our lives is altered by daylight savings time. Each year, we set our clocks back an hour in the fall and then move them forward an hour in the spring. This annual shift is thought to have been invented by Benjamin Franklin, who in 1784 wrote a letter to a French journalist suggesting that Parisians could economize on candles if they simply woke up earlier in the summer. Daylight saving time was adopted by the United States in the twentieth century and is regulated by the federal government. Even though daylight saving time has been widelty adopted, it still has detractors. Based on 6 sources. Synthesize at least three of the sources into an essay that evaluates daylight saving time and offers a recommendation about its continued use. 2011 Locavores Locavores are people who have decided to eat locally grown or produced products as much as possible. With an eye to nutrition as well as sustainability (resource use that preserves the environment), the locavore movement has become widespread over the past decade. Based on 7 sources. Imagine that a community is considering organizing a locavore movement. In an essay, identify the key issues associated with the locavore movement and examine their implications for the community. newLocovore Role-playing Activity 2011B Green Living Green living (practices that promote the conservation and wise use of natural resources) has become a topic of discussion in many parts of the world today. With changes in the availability and cost of natural resources, many people are discussing whether conservation should be required of all citizens. Based on 6 sources. Write an essay that develops a position on the extent to which government should be responsible for fostering green practices. 2012 United States Postal Service The United States Postal Service (USPS) has delivered communications for more than two centuries. During the nineteenth century, the USPS helped to expand the boundaries of the United States by providing efficient and reliable communication across the country. Between 1790 and 1860 alone, the number of post offices in the United States grew from 75 to over 28,000. With this growth came job opportunities for postal workers and a boom in the cross-country rail system. The twentieth century brought substantial growth to the USPS, including large package delivery and airmail. Over the past decade, however, total mail volume has decreased considersbly as competition from electronic mail and various package delivery companies has taken business away from the USPS. The loss of revenue has prompted the USPS to consider cutting back on delivery days and other services. Based on 8 sources. Write an essay that argues a clear position on whether the USPS should be restructured to meet the needs of a changing world, and if so, how. 2013 Memorialization The need to memorialize events or people is complex; in some cases, monuments honor moments of great achievement, while in other cases, monuments pay homage to deep sacrifice. A monument’s size, location, and materials are all considerations in planning and creating a memorial to the past. Based on 7 sources. In an essay, examines the factors a group or agency should consider in memorializing an event or person and in creating a monument. 2014 Value of a College Education Many recent college graduates have faced record levels of unemployment. This situation has led people to question what they value about higher education. Some high school students and their parents are wondering if a college education is worth the cost. Others, however, believe that a college education prepares students for more than just a job or career. Based on 6 sources. Write an essay that evaluates whether college is worth its cost. 2015 Honor Code Many high schools, colleges, and universities have honor codes or honor systems: sets of rules or principles that are intended to cultivate integrity. These rules or principles often take the form of written positions on practices like cheating, stealing, and plagiarising as well as the consequences of violating the established codes. Based on 6 sources. Write an essay that makes a coherent, well-developed argument for your own position on whether your school should establish, maintain, revise, or eliminate an honor code or onor system. 2016 Monolingual English Over the past several decades, the English language has become increasingly globalized, and it is now seen by many as the dominant language in international finance, science, and politics. Concurrent with the worldwide spread of English is the decline of foreign language learning in English-speaking countries, where monolingualism—the use of a single language—remains the norm. Based on 6 sources. Write a coherent, well-developed essay that argues a clear position on whether monolingual English speakers are at a disadvantage today. 2017 Public Libraries As the Internet changes what and how people read, there has been consideable debate about the future of public librairies. While some commentators question whether libraries can stay relevant, others see new possibilities for libraries in the changing dynamics of today’s society. Based on 6 sources. Write a coherent, well-organized essay in which you develop a position on the role, if any, that public libraries should serve in the future. 2018 Eminent Domain Eminent domain is the power governments have to acquire property from private owners for public use. The rationale behind eminent domain is that governments have greater legal authority over lands within their domain than do private owners. Eminent domain has been instituted in one way or anther throughout the world for hundreds of years. Based on sources. Write a coherent, well-developed essay that defends, challenges, or qualifies the notion that eminent domain is productive and beneficial. 2019 Wind Farms In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention from governments and consumers as a potential alternative to traditional materials that fuel our power grids, such as coal, oil, natural gas, water, or even newer sources such as nuclear or solar power. Yet the establishment of large-scale, commercial-grade wind farms is often the subject of controversy for a variety of reasons. Based on six sources. Write a coherent, well-written essay in which you develop your position on the most important factors that an individual or agency should consider when deciding whether to establish a wind farm. 2021 Handwriting In the nineteenth and most of the twentieth centuries, handwriting instruction (print and cursive) was virtually universal in schools in the United States. By contrast, little if any time is devoted to such lessons today. While some argue that handwriting instruction should still have a place in schooling, others maintain that digital technologies have rendered such instruction unnecessary. Based on six sources, Write an essay that synthesizes material from at least three of the sources and develops your position on the place, if any, of handwriting instruction in today’s schools. zombie poster Get free poster. newThe infamous Zombie Apocalypse Synthesis prompt seems oddly appropriate during the pandemic, yet also kinda fun and funny. Enjoy. New Zombie Apocalypse has a massive fourteen sources. You can pick and choose! Zombie Apocalypse Practice focuses on three sources and a de-briefing (Marla Delapenha). Zombie Apocalypse Alternative Sources introduces eight refreshingly different sources. Two Sample Student Essays shared because they are instructive of good synthesis and research writing. Zombie Apocalypse PowerPoint developed by Molly Fleming Schauer -- Brilliant Day One activity, but could be adapted for any day. Get free graphic novel. Just for Fun -- Google Zombie Apocalypse Infographic! I can maintain and expand this website only with your help. Back to Assignments or Home. Updated 7 September 2021. visitor counter
Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs. Telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic In medicine, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, is a genetic disorder that leads to vascular malformations. more... Talipes equinovarus TAR syndrome Tardive dyskinesia Tarsal tunnel syndrome Tay syndrome ichthyosis Tay-Sachs disease Thalassemia major Thalassemia minor Thoracic outlet syndrome Thyroid cancer Tick paralysis Tick-borne encephalitis Tietz syndrome Todd's paralysis Tourette syndrome Toxic shock syndrome Tracheoesophageal fistula Transient Global Amnesia Transposition of great... Transverse myelitis Treacher Collins syndrome Tremor hereditary essential Tricuspid atresia Trigeminal neuralgia Trigger thumb Triplo X Syndrome Tropical sprue Tuberous Sclerosis Turcot syndrome Turner's syndrome Signs and symptoms HHT is characterised by telangiectasia (small vascular malformations) on the skin and mucosal linings, epistaxis (nosebleeds), and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in various internal organs. Skin and mucosa telangiectasias are most remarkable on the tongue, hands/fingers, nose, lips, mouth/throat and conjunctiva. The internal organs that can harbor AVMs often include the brain and lungs. In both, bleeding can seriously endanger life. There are four diagnostic criteria. If three or four are met, a patient has definite HHT, while two gives a possible diagnosis: 1. Spontaneous recidivating epistaxis 2. Multiple teleangiectasias on typical locations (see above) 3. Proven visceral AVM 4. First-degree family member with HHT When HHT is suspected, physical examination focuses on inspecting the whole skin for teleangiectasias, auscultation of the lungs and neurological examination. Pulmonary AVMs can be anticipated by measuring oxygen levels and performing arterial blood gas (ABG) sampling. An X-ray of the chest can show susceptible lesions; in addition, low oxygen tension (<96% or a 2% decrease upon standing) or low blood oxygen levels on ABG are required for a diagnosis. HHT is a genetic disorder by definition. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Four forms have been described: • HHT1: mutation of the endoglin gene (ninth chromosome). Endoglin is a receptor of TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) and TGFβ3. It also interacts with zyxin and ZRP-1 with its intracellular domain, to control composition of focal adhesions and regulate organization of actin filaments. This form predisposes for pulmonary AVMs and early nosebleeds. • HHT2: mutation in the alk1 gene (12th chromosome). Alk-1 (activin receptor-like kinase 1) is a TGFβ1 receptor. Less pulmonary AVMs and later nosebleeds, but an increased risk of pulmonary hypertension (supposedly due to altered TGFβ signalling or other related pathways which may lead to vascular malformations). • HHT3: a third form has been suspected to exist, but has not yet been linked to a defective gene. • Juvenile polyposis/hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene SMAD4 It is possible to test patients for the presence of mutations in endoglin, ALK-1 and SMAD4. When the mutation in an affected family member has been found it is possible to test other family members and identify those people not at risk for developing the disease. The mechanism underlying the formation of vascular malformations is not completely understood, but signalling of transforming growth factor-β1 is most likely to be involved. Possibly, connective tissue is required to support and guide proliferating blood vessels during angiogenesis, and defects in TGF-β signalling adversely affect connective tissue and matrix production. [List your site here Free!] Multiple coronary artery-left ventricular fistulas associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia From CHEST, 10/1/01 by Mina A. Jacob Coronary artery-left ventricular (LV) fistulas are extremely rare and can cause myocardial ischemia from coronary steal. We describe an elderly woman who presented with unstable angina from multiple and extensive coronary artery-LV fistulas. She also had clinical features suggestive of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Association of coronary artery-LV fistulas with HHT has not been reported and can pose a management dilemma in view of the risks of extensive cardiopulmonary surgery and potential complications of myocardial ischemia, stroke, and brain abscess. (CHEST 2001; 120:1415-1417) Key words: adult; coronary artery fistula; coronary steal; hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome; pulmonary arteriovenous fistula Abbreviations: CAD = coronary artery disease; CAF = coronary artery fistula; HHT = hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; LV = left ventricular Coronary artery fistula (CAFs) are rare and are found in approximately 0,1% of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. (1) CAF involving all three major cardiac vessels and emptying into the left ventricle (arteriosystemic fistulas) are extremely uncommon. They are usually asymptomatic but can cause myocardial ischemia due to coronary steal mechanism, congestive heart failure, infective endocarditis, and rupture or thrombosis of the fistula. (2-3) We present an elderly woman admitted to the hospital with unstable angina and subsequently found to have extensive coronary artery-left ventricular (LV) fistulas, pulmonary arteriovenous shunting, and mucocutaneous telangiectasia suggesting hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT; Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome). To our knowledge, CAFs associated with HHT have not been reported. A 72-year-old woman with chronic atrial fibrillation, hypertensive heart disease, and hypothyroidism presented with recurrent episodes of classical angina associated with palpitations. Family history was significant for premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and negative for pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, or bleeding diathesis. Her medications included atenolol, digoxin, warfarin, furosemide, conjugated estrogen, and L-thyroxine. A physical examination revealed perioral and palatal telangiectasia. Cardiovascular examination findings were normal. ECG showed atrial fibrillation and LV hypertrophy. A chest radiograph revealed cardiomegaly. Cardiac enzyme levels and routine laboratory index findings were normal. In view of her high pretest likelihood of CAD, she underwent cardiac catheterization, which revealed a dominant right coronary artery, dilated tortuous coronary arteries, no significant CAD, and extensive shunting of blood between all major epicardial coronary arteries and the left ventricle. The contrast medium streamed into the left ventricle via a maze of fine vessels from the diagonal branches of the left anterior descending artery (Fig 1), midportion of the circumflex artery, and acute marginal branches of the right coronary artery. Left ventriculography showed moderate mitral regurgitation and preserved global and regional LV function. Right-heart catheterization showed moderate pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery pressure, 50/23 mm Hg), elevated right atrial pressure (19 mm Hg), and elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure (26 mm Hg). Systemic arterial oxygen saturation was noted to be 89% on room air. In view of the hypoxemia, a shunt study was performed that demonstrated an anatomic right-to-left shunt of 8% and a venous admixture of 12%, which worsened in the standing position. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed concentric LV hypertrophy, moderate tricuspid regurgitation, and moderate pulmonary hypertension. Injection of agitated saline solution into a peripheral vein showed a delayed appearance of air bubbles in the left atrium with the Valsalva maneuver. The patient's symptoms improved with titration of atenolol; considering her age and the extensiveness of the fistulas, she was discharged receiving medical therapy. This case involves an elderly woman with several risk factors for CAD, who was hospitalized for unstable angina. Cardiac catheterization revealed normal coronary arteries and multiple CAFs involving all three major coronary arteries communicating with the left ventricle. The patient's angina was most probably the result of coronary steal due to diversion of oxygen-rich blood into the LV cavity via the low-resistance fistulous channels bypassing the myocardium. (2) The delayed appearance of bubbles on the left side of the heart on contrast echocardiography was suggestive of an intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunt. (4) The worsening of the hypoxemia on standing was consistent with the presence of a shunt at the base of the lungs, which is usually the location of arteriovenous malformations in patients with HHT. (5) Standing causes preferential blood flow at the bases due to gravity and an arteriovenous communication in this location would worsen arterial hypoxemia. The additional presence of mucocutaneous telangiectasia was diagnostic of HHT in spite of absence of other features. (5) The patient also had moderate passive pulmonary hypertension and an elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. This was probably due to LV diastolic dysfunction from concentric LV hypertrophy and decreased LV compliance. Poor LV diastolic compliance was due to engorgement of the LV wall from increased diastolic blood flow via the multiple CAFs. This was also the probable mechanism for the diastolic equalization of right-heart pressures. The marked dilatation and tortuosity of the coronary arteries seen on angiography (Fig 1) in our case is similar to the changes seen in the arterioles of the dermis in patients with HHT. (6) Since the basic vascular pathology in HHT is an arteriovenous malformation, (6) we believe that the CAFs were in essence coronary arteriolethebesian vein-LV cavity communications that have been described in the literature. (7) Symptomatic CAFs can be closed with coil embolization if their size and number permit transcutaneous catheterization. (8) Due to the extensive nature and small size of the CAF, our patient was managed medically. This case illustrates a hitherto unknown combination of pulmonary arteriovenous shunt and coronary artery-LV fistulas in an elderly woman with mucocutaneous telangiectasia suggesting HHT. Cardiac vascular malformations associated with HHT have not been described before and pose a management challenge in view of the potential complications of myocardial ischemia, neurologic complications of brain abscess and stroke due to intrapulmonary shunting, and the risks of extensive cardiothoracic surgery in an elderly woman. (1) Yamanaka O, Hobbs RE. Coronary artery anomalies in 126,595 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1990; 21:28-40 (2) Stierle U, Giannitsis E, Sheikhzadeh A, et al. Myocardial ischemia in generalized coronary artery-left ventricular microfistulae. Int J Cardiol 1998; 63:47-52 (3) Perloff JK. Congenital coronary arterial fistula. In: Perloff JK, ed. The clinical recognition of congenital heart disease. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company, 1978; 576-589 (4) Oh JK, Seward JB, Tajik AJ. Contrast echocardiography. In: The echo manual. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1999; 245-249 (5) Guttmacher AE, Marchuk DA, White RI Jr. Current concepts: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:918-924 (6) Braverman IM, Keh A, Jacobson BS. Ultrastructure and three-dimensional organization of the telangiectases of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 95:422-427 (7) Coussement P, De Geest H. Multiple coronary artery-left ventricular communications: an unusual prominent Thebesian system; a report of four cases and review of the literature. Acta Cardiol 1994; 49:165-173 (8) Dorros G, Thota V, Ramireddy K, et al. Catheter-based techniques for closure of coronary fistulae. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 1999; 46:143-150 * From the Department of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts-Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA. Manuscript received November 14, 2000; revision accepted March 7, 2001. Correspondence to: Sanjeev B. Goyal, MD, Department of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts-Saint Vincent Hospital, 20 Worcester Center Blvd, Worcester, MA 01608; e-mail: COPYRIGHT 2001 American College of Chest Physicians COPYRIGHT 2001 Gale Group Return to Telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay
Home Outreach Blog Breaking period taboo Breaking period taboo Menstruation in women is a normal biological process as breathing. When an egg is not fertilized, the uterus sheds its lining which had grown to receive a fertilized egg. It is a natural part of the reproductive cycle. If this was so simple, why is the entire world talking about it? Women make up 50% of the world’s population and for most of them menstruation is a normal monthly occurrence. Those painful days of the month is not talked about in public and is often discussed behind closed doors. It is a globally shared experience among women with almost similar symptoms and discomfort. Though the taboos exist globally, the myths and stigma attached to the word ‘menstruation’ is more prominent and relevant especially in developing countries like, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, etc. Amidst all this, does it do any good to women? The Good Ever wondered why women live longer than men? It is because women menstruate and, in the process, lose iron every month. Iron produces free radicals which increases the chance of developing age-related diseases. Therefore, when women menstruate, they flush it out and, in the process, reduces the risk of such diseases. With estrogen level high during the period days, women tend to feel alert, happy and beautiful. Menstruation also helps in cleansing the body and works as a natural detox automatically flushing out the toxins. So, for women it is a blessing in disguise. Alas, all that which glisters is not always gold. The Bad Menstrual taboos are widespread across communities, religion and countries. Apart from the pain and shame, the myth it carries like: women are impure, sick, dirty and even cursed during their period have silenced women for too long. The monthly reminder to us by our elders to not touch pickles lest it goes sour, to not enter the temple and kitchen because period days are days of impurity, is so deeply ingrained in our internal wiring that we voluntarily seclude ourselves. It is a topic so tightly wrapped up in taboos, that is often not talked about and so it continues to be misunderstood right into the 21st century. While I was standing to pay for my groceries at a supermarket, ahead of me there was a lady and her teenage daughter pushing an over filled trolley. As I waited my turn, I saw the lady first gesture and then whisper to her daughter to place some of the items at the bottom of the trolley. That made me curious and I wondered what was upsetting the older woman. Then I realized that the daughter had picked up a couple of packets of sanitary pads and had kept it on top. This was what bothered the lady. It brought back to me that even city people and seemingly well-educated suffered from menstrual shame - proof that it is not just a rural phenomenon but also an urban one. The only difference probably being that rural women lack awareness about menstruation and hence believe in the myths surrounding the topic whereas the urban women are aware about it but still fear its stigma. Therefore, when a grocer wraps a newspaper around a sanitary pad and ties a string over this mysterious packet, hands it over in a black polythene bag— separate from any vegetables that it may contaminate by its very presence makes me wonder isn’t it time to end the stigma around menstruation? But, can it get uglier than this? The Ugly Even though half of the world’s population menstruate at some point in their lives, it is rarely discussed at home or schools because of entrenched stigma and taboos. Most parents either lack the biological explanation or due to sheer embarrassment they don’t discuss ways of managing periods with their daughters. Schools also fail to fill in this gap as teachers rarely discuss this in class, the topic is avoided or ignored perpetuating an environment of shame and discomfort. Therefore, when millions of adolescent girls get their first period or ‘menarche’ they are ill equipped to manage it. Some even shy away from school to avoid any “embarrassment”. In rural India women are ostracized during “that time of the month”. They are banished to huts outside their village every menstrual cycle. Nepal is not far behind. The menstrual exile known as ‘Chhaupadi’ forbids women to participate in normal daily activities. During her menstruating days, she is made to stay in cattle shed or a make shift hut for the duration of her cycle. The practice reportedly leaves women susceptible to diseases, rape, and in some cases, even death. Although, Chhaupadi was outlawed by Nepal’s supreme court in 2005 the practice is still observed in the far western parts of the country. Period poverty makes things much worse. It refers to the lack of access to sanitary products, menstrual hygiene education, toilets, hand washing facilities, and, waste management. The stigma surrounding menstruation makes it difficult for women worldwide to practice optimal hygiene. In some rural areas in India, period poverty forces women to resort to dangerous alternatives for menstrual absorption like: mud, ash, wood husk, old rags, etc. According to Plan International UK, in 2017, 42% of the girls had to use makeshift period products because of period poverty. Poor menstrual hygiene poses a grave health risk to women with problems like reproductive tract infection, Hepatitis B infection and an increased risk of cervical cancer. The road ahead Menstruation is a basic biological function which should not be an economic and social obstacle for women. Menstrual taboos restricting the movement of women in all spheres of life needs to be wiped off and for this we need to start questioning, debating, and discussing socio-cultural practices related to it more publicly. It is time everyone including men should participate in abolishing the silence and shame that shroud this natural function. The period stigma runs deep and though the ride ahead is bumpy, the conversation which has just begun must continue. Published in Republica on May 28, 2019
Page images be the subjects of different lectures. To that of authenticity our attention will this evening be confined. Let us begin with the following: How does it appear that the several writings composing the volume of the New Testament were written by the men to whom they are ascribed, the original disciples of Christ, and are consequently authentic? We pursue precisely the same method in determining the authorship of the New Testament, as in ascertaining that of any other book of a past age. For example, we possess a celebrated poem entitled Paradise Lost. It bears the name of Milton. How do we know that Milton composed it? The answer is easy. Our fathers received it, as his production, from their fathers, and they from theirs. By such steps we ascend to the very year in which the book was first published, and find it invariably ascribed to Milton. Moreover, the history of the age in which he lived speaks of it as unquestionably and notoriously his work. Writers of every succeeding age refer to and quote it, as well known to be his. The language of the poem bears the characteristic marks of Milton's times. Its spirit, genius, and style display the distinctive features of Milton's mind and character. And finally, though Milton had many enemies, and lived in a time of great divisions, and this poem redounded greatly to his praise, and many must have been disposed, had they been able to discover some false pretensions in his claim to its authorship, no other person in that age was ever mentioned as disputing his title; but all united in acknowledging him as the writer of Paradise Lost. On this evidence, although the poem professes to have been written as far back as the year 1674, we are so perfectly certain of its authenticity, that the man who should dispute it would be justly suspected of idiocy or mental derangement. And had Milton lived in the seventh, instead of the seventeenth century, a similar body of evidence would have been equally satisfactory. If, instead of the seventh century, he had lived in the first of the Christian era, similar evidence, reaching up to his time, would still prove beyond a question that he wrote Paradise Lost. Thus it is evident that time has no effect to impair the force of such proof. Whether a book be ascribed to the Christian era, or to five centuries before or after, the evidence being the same, it is equally satisfactory. It as well convinces us that the history ascribed to Herodotus, in the fifth century before Christ, was written by that historian, as that the Æneid was written by Virgil a little before the birth of Christ, or the “Faerie Queene" by Spenser, in the fifteen hundred and ninetieth year after that event. We are no less satisfied of the authenticity of the orations of Demosthenes, than of that of Newton's Principia, though between the dates of their publication there is an interval of more than two thousand years. So little does the age of a book affect the evidence required to establish its authenticity. Now, in ascertaining the authorship of the New Testament, we are furnished with evidence precisely similar to that which settles the question so conclu. sively as to either of the works above-mentioned.* An unbroken chain of testimony ascends from the present generation to the preceding, and thence to the next beyond, and thence onward again till it reaches the very age of the apostles, exhibiting an uninterrupted series of acknowledgments of the New Testament, as having been written indeed by those primitive disciples to whom its several parts are as. cribed. Besides this, historians and other writers of the age ascribed to this volume, as well heathen and Jewish as Christian, not only recognize its existence in their day, but speak of it as notoriously the production of its reputed authors. The language is characteristic of their age, nation, and circumstances. The style and spirit exhibit the well-known peculiarities of their respective minds and dispositions. And again, although the New Testament at the time of its first appearance, either in parts or collectively, was surrounded with numerous, learned, and ingenious, as well as most bitter enemies, both among heathens and Jews; and although there arose at an early period many animated controversies between the real believers in gospel truth, on one side, and sundry heretical pretenders to the Christian faith, whose cause would often have been materially served by a well-sustained denial of the authenticity of certain of the books of the New Testament, none in the primitive ages, whether heretics or open enemies, ever denied that this volume contained the genuine writings of the original apostles and disciples of Christ. On the contrary, all received, argued, and acted upon it as unquestionably authentic. Thus we have the same evidence that the books of the New Testament were written by those whose names they bear, as that Paradise Lost was written by the man whose name it bears. The force of this evidence is in no wise diminished by the consideration that the apostles lived in the first, and Milton in the seventeenth century. * “We know," says St. Augustine, “the writings of the apostles, as we know the works of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Varro, and others, and as we know the writings of divers ecclesiastical authors; for as much as they have the testimony of contemporaries, and of those who have lived in succeeding ages.". Thus have you received a general outline of the argument. We proceed to a more particular view. In proof of this, it is unnecessary for the satisfaction of any person of ordinary information to trace the line of testimony from the present time, or from any point of departure lower down than the fourth century. Whoever has the least acquaintance with the history of the civilized world as far upward as the fourth century, must know that the acknowledgment of the New Testament, as composed of authentic writings, is interwoven with all the literature, science, and political as well as religious institutions of every subsequent age. We begin, therefore, the chain of testimony at the fourth century. It is a very impressive evidence of the high estimate in which the New Testament was universally held at this period, that besides innumerable quotations in various writings, no less than eleven distinct, formal catalogues of its several books were composed at various times during the fourth century by different hands; and two of them by large and solemn councils of the heads of the Christian church. All of these are still extant; and all agree in every particular important to the present argument, with the list of the New Testament writings as at present received. In the year 397 a national or provincial council assembled at Carthage, consisting of forty-four bishopsAugustine, bishop of Hippo, was a member. The forty-seventh canon of that council is thus written: “It is ordained that nothing besides the canonical Scriptures be read in the church under the name of divine Scriptures; and the canonical Scriptures are these," etc. In the enumeration we find precisely our New Testament books, and no more.. About the same time Augustine wrote a book entitled, “Of the Christian Doctrine,” in which is furnished a catalogue of what he considered the authentic writings of the evangelists and apostles, agreeing entirely with ours. "In these books," saith he, “ they who fear God, seek his will." A short time before this, Rufinus, a presbyter of Aquileia, published an “Explication of the Apostle's Creed,” in which he includes a catalogue of the Scrip Lardner's Credibility of the Gospel History, vol. 2, p. 574 † Ibid. vol. 2, p. 578. « PreviousContinue »
la digue island seychelles la digue island seychelles la digue - Bing la digue island seychelles la digue – Bing Our image looks across a stretch of sand on La Digue, one of the islands of the Republic of Seychelles. The fantastically scenic islands that make up the Seychelles lie in a far corner of the Indian Ocean. The closest mainland is the African coast, more than 1,400 kilometres to the west, and the island nation of Madagascar lies nearly as far to the south. A species of reptile, the Aldabra giant tortoise, sometimes appears on the beaches of La Digue. The Aldabra Atoll is where the primary population of these tortoises lives, but they’re also found on La Digue. They were hunted nearly to extinction by 1840, and although they’re still listed as “vulnerable”, the gentle giants have bounced back since then. la digue – Bing La Digue, located east of Praslin and west of Felicite Island, is the third most inhabited and fifth largest island in the Seychelles by land area. After Mahé, Praslin, and Silhouette Island, it is the fourth biggest granitic island in the Seychelles. It has a population of 2,800 people, the most of whom live in the settlements of La Passe and La Réunion on the island’s west coast. There is no airport on La Digue, so getting there is a bit of a challenge. According to modern historians, the French sailor Lazare Picault first spotted La Digue in 1742, but it was not named until 1768. When French colonists arrived with their African slaves in 1789, the island’s first residents arrived. The most of them returned to France, but some remained, and some of today’s inhabitants bear their names. More deportees from France arrived later, followed by a huge number of freed slaves and Asian immigrants. In the year 1854, the first C… The inhabitants of La Digue are called Diguois. The first people arrived in 1798, having been deported from Bourbon for participating in a political uprising there. They were intended to be shipped to the East Indies, but the captain was paid to send them to the Seychelles, where many of them had relations. La Digue’s population is largely Catholic, and the island’s feast day, August 15, is a national holiday. La Digue – Wikipedia Once, one was not allowed to own a car at La Digue. This has recently changed, but the main means of transportation is still the bicycle. (Another method of transport on La Digue is the ox-cart, which has a slow pace suited to the island)Tourists are requested to adapt to this lifestyle; it is possible to rent bicycles right near the pier. There are a few personally owned vehicles, but most cars and buses belong to hotel companies. Driving a large car or even a bus can turn out to be a quite hard task, because the roads were originally designed for bicycles. Two cars going agains…See more on · Text under CC-BY-SA license La Digue – Wikipedia La Digue is the home to the critically endangered paradise flycatcher. However, there are more rare and endangered animals that live on this island. Since the Seychelles are detached from the rest of Africa, many of the species are endemic to La Digue. There is a significant population of giant tortoises that come from the island Aldabra.[13] The subspecies that lived on La Digue is extinct. From the arthropod group there is, for example, the Seychelles coconut crab which likes to dig holes in the backyards of the Seychellois people. Among others, there are fodyssunbirdsterns, fruitbats, sheath-tailed bats, and geckos.[14] The reefs and lagoons of La Digue offer a large amount of flora and fauna. Green sea turtles live on the very edges of the coral reefs, and they sometimes venture closer to the island. There are butterflyfisheagle raymoray eel and many other species of fish. Divers and snorkellers may be lucky enough to see blacktip reef sharks or even whale sharks, which come mainly in the winter but can be seen all year round.[15] Sadly, the animals that have traditionally lived on La Digue are threatened by animals that were brought there by the first inhabitants: ratsdogscats etc. The rat population was probably the first animal that was brought to the Seychelles. It quickly made many birds become extinct by eating their eggs and threatening their nests. The dog and cat population is not nearly as much of a threat, but it still is something that the original species of Seychelles are not used to. La Digue – Wikipedia Gallery La Digue – Wikipedia Say what you think, You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Self-Motivation: Why Is It important? The importance of self-motivation arises from the basic desire and wish to achieve something. Personal motivation is the decisive driver on your professional path. Nothing can stop you if you believe in what you want to do and how you want to do it. You can also look for the best self motive app through various online sources. You can use your strengths to help you achieve your goals, or you can change your strategy if something doesn't work. Self-motivation can develop when you use your strengths to your advantage. Here are some key aspects of self-motivation and why you need to build it: Survive in a competitive world The world can give you problem after problem, but if you are motivated, you can take on any challenge. Standing up to the competition is one of the most useful skills you can develop. Not only does it give you the strength to endure failure, but it also helps you grow as a person. Achieve personal goal Try to understand the importance of self-motivation in the context of your personal life. For example, you might want to volunteer overseas and help rehabilitate turtles. You can do your research and contact the appropriate wildlife organization, or you can investigate why your plan is not working. Reasons like lack of money, fear of visiting a new country, or stepping out of your comfort zone will always hold you back. The first step comes from faith and determination. You have to believe in yourself and make sure that you can do what you want.
28 March, 2020 Edward II and Jousting Most unusually for a medieval king, and most unlike his son Edward III who adored it and often participated, there's no direct evidence that Edward II ever jousted. He does, however, seem to have watched the sport on occasion, though perhaps this demonstrates more of an interest in Piers Gaveston, an excellent jouster, than it does in the sport itself. I do wonder why Edward never showed much of an interest in jousting, and perhaps it was because his father was not keen on him competing as he grew up. When Edward of Caernarfon was just two years old in 1286, an important young nobleman was killed while jousting: William de Warenne, son and heir of the earl of Surrey. (He left a baby son, John de Warenne, future earl of Surrey, and a posthumous daughter, Alice, future countess of Arundel.) Duke John I of Brabant, father-in-law of Edward of Caernarfon's sister Margaret (b. 1275), was also killed jousting in 1294 when Edward was eight. Edward of Caernarfon was the only living son of Edward I for sixteen years, between 19 August 1284, when he was just four months old and his ten-year-old brother Alfonso of Bayonne died, and 1 June 1300, when his half-brother Thomas of Brotherton was born. Edward I had also lost his sons John (1266-71) and Henry (1268-74) in childhood, and it may be that he did not wish to tempt fate by allowing his only surviving son to compete in a sport that could be truly dangerous. I don't know this for sure and might be wrong, of course; Edward II was the most unconventional of medieval kings and loved digging ditches, thatching roofs, working with metal, swimming and rowing, and perhaps his lack of interest in jousting was part of his defiant unconventionality. Edward II, as king, often banned jousting tournaments, as indeed other medieval kings sometimes did as well, though (to my knowledge) not nearly as often. This says far more about Edward's turbulent reign than it does about his dislike of jousting. Tournaments allowed large groups of armed men to gather, which could be dangerous, and were sometimes used as a cover for more nefarious activities, such as the tournament held in Dunstable in the spring of 1309 which some of Edward's disgruntled barons used as an opportunity to meet and discuss their grievances against him. The Vita Edwardi Secundi states that Thomas, earl of Lancaster used jousting tournaments in the spring of 1312 as a plausible excuse to move large groups of armed men to the north of England, where Edward and Piers Gaveston were skulking, so that he could capture Gaveston. The chancery rolls of Edward II's reign are full of proclamations forbidding tournaments, though there are also quite a few pardons to knights who had taken part in them "contrary to the king's proclamation," so they were certainly held on occasion. On 1 January 1319, for example, Edward (then in Yorkshire) sent two of his sergeants-at-arms "to arrest all persons attempting to hold a tournament" in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, and a few months later pardoned Sir Francis Aldham, Sir William Baud and Sir Ralph Cobham for taking part in a tournament, perhaps this one. In the autumn of 1323, Edward II permitted the holding of a tournament in Northampton at the request of his half-brothers Thomas and Edmund, then in their early twenties and evidently keen to prove their mettle as jousters. The king subsequently, however, changed his mind and forbade the tournament. No doubt there was much grumbling and gnashing of teeth. 08 March, 2020 The de Clare Sisters To mark International Women's Day and the publication of my joint biography of the three de Clare sisters, here's a post about them. See also my recent article about them on the History Hit website. Joan of Acre was born in the port of Acre in the Holy Land sometime in the spring of 1272, and was the second eldest surviving daughter, after Eleanor born in June 1269, of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile. In 1278, Joan was betrothed to Hartmann von Habsburg, second son of the German king Rudolf I, but in late 1281 eighteen-year-old Hartmann drowned, and by then his father seemed to have lost interest in the English alliance anyway; he didn't bother to inform Edward I of his son's demise until the following August. On 30 April 1290, aged eighteen or almost, Joan married Gilbert 'the Red' de Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford, who was born on 2 September 1243 and was thus forty-six at the time of the wedding, just four years younger than his father-in-law Edward I. He had previously been married to Edward I's cousin Alice de Lusignan, and had two daughters: Isabella, Lady Berkeley, born 1262, and Joan, countess of Fife, born c. 1264. Both women were a few years older than their new stepmother, and Countess Joan of Fife had borne a son, Duncan MacDuff, in 1289. Gilbert 'the Red' was therefore already a grandfather when he married the teenage Joan of Acre. Joan became pregnant within about three months of her wedding, and sometime between 23 April and 11 May 1291 gave birth to a son, Gilbert, who immediately became heir to his father's earldoms and vast landholdings in England, Wales and Ireland. Around 14 October 1292, Joan gave birth to her second child and first daughter in Caerphilly Castle, and named her Eleanor (Alianore in contemporary spelling) after her mother Eleanor of Castile (d. November 1290) and grandmother Eleanor of Provence (d. June 1291). Eleanor de Clare's date of birth is based on a comment by a chronicler that Joan of Acre was churched or purified on 23 November 1292. Joan and Gilbert the Red's third child was a second daughter, named Margaret either after Gilbert's maternal grandmother Margaret de Quincy (d. 1266), countess of Lincoln, his sister Margaret (d. 1312), countess of Cornwall, or Joan's sister Margaret (b. 1275), the king and queen's third surviving daughter, who became duchess of Brabant in 1294. Margaret is the only de Clare sibling for whom we have no recorded date of birth, but in my opinion she was probably born in the spring of 1294, perhaps in Ireland, where Joan and Gilbert spent a few months in 1293/94. Around Christmas 1294 Joan became pregnant again and gave birth to her fourth child and third daughter, Elizabeth, in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire on 14 September 1295. Elizabeth's date and place of birth are given in the Complete Peerage, on an Addenda and Corrigenda page, though frustratingly no source is cited. Elizabeth was just a few weeks old when her father died on 7 December 1295, aged fifty-two, leaving his four-year-old son Gilbert as his sole heir. Not much is known about the childhoods of the de Clare sisters; they were mere toddlers when their mother scandalously married her second husband, the squire Ralph de Monthermer, without her father's permission in early 1297. Joan of Acre gave birth to the sisters' four half-siblings between c. late 1297 and 1304. Most confusingly, Marie de Monthermer, eldest of the four, married Duncan MacDuff, earl of Fife, a grandson of Gilbert 'the Red' from his first marriage to Alice de Lusignan; for the de Clare siblings, this meant that their half-sister married their half-nephew. Eleanor de Clare's grandfather Edward I arranged her marriage to the young nobleman Hugh Despenser the Younger (b. late 1280s), and attended the wedding in the palace of Westminster on 26 May 1306, four days after Hugh was knighted with Eleanor's uncle Edward of Caernarfon, prince of Wales, and several hundred others. Eleanor was aged thirteen and seven months, Hugh about seventeen or eighteen, and Eleanor gave birth to their first child in 1308 or the first half of 1309. This was Hugh 'Huchon' Despenser, Edward I's eldest great-grandchild, and Eleanor bore at least another nine Despenser children between 1310 and 1325. A little over a year after Eleanor's wedding, the de Clare sisters' grandfather died and was succeeded by their uncle Edward II, their mother's much younger brother; the four de Clare siblings were all closer in age to their uncle than his sister Joan of Acre was. Joan had passed away in April 1307, a few weeks before her father, leaving her widower Ralph de Monthermer (d. 1325) and her eight children. Edward II made his beloved Piers Gaveston earl of Cornwall on 6 August 1307, and on 1 November that year arranged his wedding to Margaret de Clare, probably aged thirteen and a half, the oldest unmarried female member of Edward's family. Piers was much older than his new wife, at least in his mid-twenties, and they were to have only one child or at least one surviving child, Joan, named after Margaret's late mother. Joan Gaveston was most probably the child known to have been born to Margaret in York at the beginning of 1312, and the little girl was only five months old when her father was killed on 19 June 1312. The de Clare sisters' only brother Gilbert married Maud de Burgh, one of the many daughters of the Anglo-Irish nobleman the earl of Ulster, on 29 September 1308, and the day after, his sister Elizabeth married Ulster's son and heir John de Burgh. Like her older sisters, Elizabeth married at thirteen, though did not move to Ireland until she was fourteen. She gave birth to her son William de Burgh the day after her seventeenth birthday in September 1312, and nine months later was widowed. Her son succeeded his grandfather as earl of Ulster in July 1326, married Maud of Lancaster in 1328, and their daughter Elizabeth, born July 1332, was a great heiress and married Edward III's son Lionel of Antwerp. The elder Elizabeth, born 1295, returned to England in early February 1316, and on the day of her return was abducted and married to Theobald de Verdon, born in September 1278 and the widower of Maud Mortimer, with whom he had three daughters. Their marriage lasted for less than six months as Verdon died in July 1316, but he left Elizabeth a month pregnant, and she gave birth to his daughter Isabella in March 1317. The de Clare sisters' fortunes changed forever on 24 June 1314, when their elder brother Gilbert was killed at the battle of Bannockburn. His widow Maud claimed to be pregnant - for years! - but ultimately Edward II had to admit that his nephew had died without heirs of his body and that Eleanor, Margaret and Elizabeth were his joint heirs, in line with contemporary English inheritance law. They all inherited lands across England and Wales, and came into more when the dowager countess Maud died in 1320 and her third of her late husband's lands was divided among her three sisters. Eleanor, Margaret and Elizabeth each had an income of over £2,000 a year and were wealthier than any other woman in England except Queen Isabella. In late April and early May 1317, Edward II arranged the marriages of his widowed nieces Margaret and Elizabeth to his two current favourites, or infatuations, Sir Hugh Audley and Sir Roger Damory. Elizabeth had only given birth to her second husband's posthumous daughter a few weeks earlier. Sir Hugh Audley was the second son of Sir Hugh Audley Senior (d. 1326) of Stratton Audley, Oxfordshire, and was born around 1291/93; Sir Roger Damory was the second son of Sir Robert Damory (d. 1285) of Bletchingdon, Oxfordshire, and was born perhaps in the early 1280s, though that's just my best guess. Neither man was their father's heir, and they both did astonishingly well to marry two women who were granddaughters of a king and wealthy heiresses. The Audley marriage resulted in one daughter, Margaret Audley, born probably in the early 1320s and her mother's sole heir after her half-sister Joan Gaveston died in January 1325. Margaret married Ralph Stafford, later the first earl of Stafford, after he abducted her in 1336, and was an ancestor of the Stafford dukes of Buckingham. The Damory marriage resulted in one surviving daughter, Elizabeth, probably also born in the early 1320s, who married John, Lord Bardolf and was an ancestor of the later Lords Bardolf. Eleanor de Clare's husband Hugh Despenser the Younger began his meteoric rise in his uncle-in-law the king's affections after he was appointed royal chamberlain in 1318. Whatever the nature of Hugh and Edward II's relationship, it was an extraordinarily close one that was only severed by Hugh's execution in November 1326, and there is no doubt that Eleanor was one of her husband and her uncle's closest supporters during their despotic, greedy regime in the 1320s. Her brothers-in-law Hugh Audley and Roger Damory, formerly the king's great favourites but shunted aside by Hugh Despenser, joined the Contrariant rebellion of 1321/22. Audley fought against the king at the battle of Boroughbridge on 16 March 1322, and was imprisoned until he escaped sometime in 1326; Roger Damory died of his wounds after fighting against the royal army a few days before Boroughbridge. Elizabeth de Clare, still only twenty-six, had been widowed for the third time, and never married again in the remaining almost four decades of her life. Her uncle temporarily imprisoned her at Barking Abbey, though released her in November 1322 and restored her to her lands - though some quasi-legal manoeuvres by her brother-in-law Despenser deprived her of some of them, to her utter fury. Margaret, meanwhile, was sent to captivity in Sempringham Priory in Lincolnshire, and was to remain there for the rest of her uncle's reign.
What is the correct plural form of the word "offspring"? From the dictionaries I have looked at, I am guessing it is just "offspring", but Dictionary.com and Merriam-Webster say "offsprings" is also acceptable. offspring noun (plural offspring, offsprings) offspring noun (plural offspring, offsprings) offspring noun (plural offspring) Cambridge Dictionaries Online offspring noun (plural offspring) Oxford Dictionaries Macquarie Dictionary and OED have no mention of the plural form. The sentence I want to use the word in is: ...more long-legged frogs exist to generate long-legged [offspring(s)]. In this context "offspring" as a plural (without the "S") doesn't sound right. From Google Books Ngram Viewer, Offspring is more common, in the past 200 years, so the negligible usage of Offsprings might be attributed to a few ignorant authors. Very common usage of Offspring vs negligible usage of Offsprings Very common usage of Offspring vs negligible usage of Offsprings Very common usage of Fish vs smaller (but not negligible) usage of fishes Possible Explanation: Fish and Fishes are both correct, but the singular is generally more common, and the ratio looks good. So we can consider that both are used normally. Offspring is correct and is used commonly, while Offspings, being "wrong" in some sense, has negligible usage, and the ratio is "abnormally low". So we can consider that Offsprings should be avoided? • 4 How do you differentiate between the use of "offspring" in the singular from the plural? Obviously, as with "fish", the far more common use of the word is in the singular, and this is what the Ngram Viewer is showing you. – dotancohen May 27 '15 at 11:32 • 1 @dotancohen That's a really good point. The thought hadn't even crossed my mind. – Dog Lover May 27 '15 at 11:39 • @dotancohen , hope my edit answers your question. – Prem May 27 '15 at 13:09 • The plurial of "fish" depends on whether you are talking about several individuals of the same species or several species of fish. "Fishes" is used when we are referring to several species of fish. Example coming from here and there: There are a lot fishes in the sea. or The fishes of the Fraser River include salmon and sturgeon – Remi.b Feb 29 '16 at 22:44 • @Remi.b: That's an over-simplification. "If wishes were fishes..." doesn't mean "If wishes were different fish species." – herisson Aug 21 '17 at 14:15 From the 16c. to the early 19c. a plural form offsprings was current but since then this ancient word (found already in OE) has been invariable in form (Fowler's Modern English Usage). • The widows and the offsprings of the poorer, the indigent clergy (1756) • These are the offspring of Muslim parents; the son tried to become the worthy offspring of his famous father. • Better to start when the offspring are young and will have no solid memories of particularly rough times.(Washington Times, May 27, 2015) • The Norway rat has a three-week gestation period and can produce five litters a year, each with four to eight offspring. (The Verge,May 13, 2015) I just Googled around and found that some of the other references like All of the above supports the plural form offsprings. Even in medical or biological contex, offsprings is used as a plural of offspring. (As per the American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary) However, the use of Offsprings is too less. One modern example of the use of "offsprings" is in the 2016 edition of the English Standard Version (ESV) of the Bible in Galatians 3:16: The intent here is to emphasize the difference between the singular and the plural. Your Answer
Here is the example of a very brief dialogue that manifests itself on convergence and differences of opinion in dialogue: the underlined expression expresses.. A. Sympathy B. Possibility C. Disagreement D. Uncertainties These expressions of concordance and disagreement are taken for a brief interview in English: 2 example Dialaog Agrree Disagree Played by 3 people This is an example of concordance of dialogue and disagreement 3 people are made to accomplish the task of English entertainment, especially for those studying in high school and high school. In the dialogue agreement and the disagreement, three people are cited as examples of agreement negotiations that express their agreement and disagree. .
The Difference Between A REPUBLIC & DEMOCRACY Apparently, YouTube censors, in all their wisdom, didn’t like this video and deleted it, but I found it again on Rumble and updated this post so people can learn the truth. If you ask Americans to name their country’s form of government, most of them will say they live in a democracy. However, the real answer is more complicated (and unexpected) than that. Our Founders chose a Republic form of government because it was based on the Rule of Law which gave the people power and freedom and restricted the control of the government. They knew that on the left (Monarchy, Dictatorship, Socialism, Communism,) there would be a majority of government control and on the right (Anarchy) there would be no government (with riots, looting, no personal safety). They also knew that Democracy was mob rule (with few laws). They knew all this because of actual results in history (Kings, Popes, Conquerors, Roman Empire, early-stage French Revolution). Our Founders understood there are actually only 2 forms of sustainable government: Oligarchy (visible leader with supporters/elitists) or Republic (Rule of Law). Eventually, all non-Republic forms of government become an Oligarchy (e.g. Hitler or Lenin lead a revolution under anarchy and then take control of the government; democracy “mobs” cause havoc and erode the quality of life and some element takes control… usually by force). One thought on “The Difference Between A REPUBLIC & DEMOCRACY 1. Pingback: October 2021 Conservative Article Reference List \| Fatherly Advice and Rants Leave a Reply
Taste of CyprusLocal FoodCyprus figs: a unique fruit resembling a syrupy teardrop Cyprus figs: a unique fruit resembling a syrupy teardrop Purple skin and pink flesh, so easy to burst even with just a gentle squeeze—this is how real fresh figs look. The fig is the edible fruit of Ficus carica, small tree species in the mulberry family. Native to the Mediterranean and western Asia, it has been cultivated since ancient times and is now widely grown throughout the world, both for its fruit and as an ornamental plant. Figs, Fig Fruit, Shrub, Fruit Tree, Fig Leaves, Fruit Ficus carica is the type species of the genus Ficus, containing over 800 tropical and subtropical plant species. Fig, Fruit, Healthy, Ripe, Vitamins, Food Photo, Food Fig plant is a small deciduous tree or large shrub growing up to 7–10 metres tall, with smooth white bark. Its large leaves have three to five deep lobes. Its fruit (botanically an infructescence, a type of multiple fruit) is tear-shaped, 3–5 centimetres long, with a green skin that may ripen toward purple or brown, and sweet soft reddish flesh containing numerous crunchy seeds. Fig Tree, Branch, Leaf, Fruit, Plant, Nature The milky sap of the green parts is an irritant to human skin. In the Northern Hemisphere, fresh figs are in season from late summer to early autumn. They tolerate moderate seasonal frost and can be grown even in hot-summer continental climates. Fig, Blue, Fig Tree, Close Up, Ripe, Yummy, Meal, Fruit Figs can be eaten fresh or dried, or processed into jam, rolls, biscuits and other types of desserts. Since the ripe fruit does not transport and keep well, most commercial production is in dried and processed forms. Raw figs contain roughly 80% water and 20% carbohydrates, with negligible protein, fat and micronutrient content. They are a moderate source of dietary fiber. Still Lifes, Figs, Green Figs, Sweet, Fruit, Fig Tree A tender, ripe fig is heavy with its own syrupy liqueur, which tends to drizzle out of its base if you wait too long to eat it. The taste is all honey-like sweetness with a subtle hint of berry and fresher shades of the flavour. Figs can be eaten fresh or dried, and used in jam-making. Most commercial production is in dried or otherwise processed forms, since the ripe fruit does not transport well, and once picked does not keep well. The widely produced fig roll is a biscuit (or cookie) with a filling made from figs. Food, Fig, Fresh, Healthy, Vegetarian, Sandwich Fig, Cut Open, Dessert, Fruit, Healthy, Food, Halved Whether savoring flavorful figs as a snack or in your favorite recipes, dried figs are an excellent source of dietary fiber, a wealth of essential minerals such as potassium, iron and calcium, and rich in health-promoting antioxidants and complex carbohydrates. Figs, Dry, To Bake, Fruit, Snack, Cute, Nature Fig Jam, Figjam, Fig, Jam Delicious on toast or a hot biscuit, fig jam has uses well beyond breakfast. Try it with cheddar cheese on a cracker or in a grilled cheese sandwich. Serve it as as appetiser on top of any creamy cheese, such as a Brie, Camembert, Stilton or Gorgonzola. Figs, Jam, Sugar, Glass, Pots, Fruit, Kitchen, Food Top Stories
The American Dream Timeline Welcome to the second week of school! I hope you had a great first week back! Today, we will start on our M.U.G. Monday log; M.U.G. stands for Mechanics, Usage, and Grammar. Every Monday, we will start class with some grammar exercises and practice. You MUST complete the warm-up; that is, every entry (sentences) must include corrections using editing marks and additional notes. If you were absent, please be sure to get the sentences and corrections from a classmate! american-immigrants-fate-is-everyonesThe American Dream: we’ve all heard of it, but is it the same for everyone? We’ll start class today by creating a working definition of the American Dream, its history, how it has changed, and barriers one may face when pursuing their Dream. Today, you will start on your American Dream timeline project! 1. You will create a timeline with a starting point of your current grade/age and an ending point of ten years from now. You should be between the ages of 26-27 depending on your current age. What does YOUR American Dream include? Be specific and make sure you have a place for every age (10 spots/years, 3 bullets each). 2. What are your plans and what will you do to be successful between now and then? Please remember everyone’s idea of what the “American Dream” looks like is different. Some may include going to college, getting married and starting a family, while others may only include doing what is necessary to ensure they are financially stable. Please make sure you are considering EACH step in your journey. For example, if you would like to attend college, make sure that taking the SAT/ACT is on your timeline, as it is a requirement for college admission. 3. Your timeline should be colorful, creative and detailed. 4. A 3-4 paragraph response that describes what’s included your “American Dream” is mandatory. This should be an extension of your bullet points. We will work on this in class today, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Please make sure to take advantage of class time and work diligently. Your project with the writing component is due on Thursday, August 12th at the BEGINNING of class. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Week 2 Discussion Week 2 Discussion Post your background question and your strategy for getting a comprehensive understanding of the clinical issue. Your background question will lead you to your foreground or PICOT question–so it is an important piece of the project! Your background question should answer the who, what, when, where, how, and why. With a clinical question, you will include the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and conclusion. As an example, when I am thinking of background questions that I would like to answer for my topic of depression I would ask: 1. How is depression defined and how is it diagnosed in primary care? 2. What population is at the most risk for depression? 3. What are some of the causes of depression? 4. How is depression identified and treated? 5. Why… (Create the last question) Scroll to Top
Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease is a disorder that affects an individual’s movement. What this means is that people will have difficulty moving around without help or assistance. Parkinson’s is most likely going to appear at age 60 and in males. This disease is so scary because there is no definitive cure and the causes of this disease is relatively unknown. Not knowing how one contracts this diseases and how to combat it, makes Parkinson’s disease one of the worst diseases out there. Since there is not much information about how this disease is caused, knowing the symptoms of Parkinson’s is important because someone must self diagnose themselves and seek quick medical attention. Parkinson’s may not be fatal, but its symptoms progress over time, so seeking immediate medical attention is highly recommended. The symptoms of Parkinson’s can affect the entire body, including areas of the brain as well. For instance, speaking and writing may become more difficult because Parkinson’s affects the cognitive area of the brain that contributes to speaking and writing. Some physical symptoms include tremors, slow movement, and rigid posture. All of these physical symptoms make it difficult for one to maneuver like they used to. The reason why someone with Parkinson’s has trouble moving is because Parkinson’s impairs the cells that produce dopamine, which is the neurotransmitter responsible for controlling movement. Like I mentioned earlier, there are no known definite causes of Parkinson’s, but there are some factors that are known to correlate with the disease. For example, dopamine levels have some correlation to Parkinson’s. Like I touched on earlier, lower dopamine levels seems to be correlated to Parkinson’s. Genetics is another aspect that correlates to Parkinson’s. Like many other hereditary diseases, individuals with relatives who had Parkinson’s, are more likely to get Parkinson’s. Environmental factors are also present when it comes to Parkinson’s, as some toxins may trigger Parkinson’s, but the risk is pretty small. Since there is no cure for Parkinson’s, people must take precautions in order to try and prevent getting this disease. Some ways to do this is to consume some caffeine. According to some studies, people who drink caffeine have a lower chance of getting Parkinson’s than people who don’t consume caffeine. People who have had trouble moving around or have become stiff should seek medical attention as soon as possible. This is because if they do have Parkinson’s, then they may need immediate treatment based on the severity. There is no cure and treatment varies among each patient so seeking medical attention is the only way to slow this disease down. The elderly are already affected by age and other syndromes and diseases. If they know information about Parkinson’s, hopefully it can be one of the last things on their mind as they combat other issues. Categories: Society
Eldon Name Meaning English: habitational name for someone from Eldon in County Durham or Elveden in Suffolk. The first is named from the Old English personal name Ella + dun ‘hill’; the second from Old English elfitu ‘swan’ or elf ‘elf’, ‘fairy’ + denu ‘valley’. English: nickname from Middle English eld ‘old’ + hine ‘servant’. List of People with Surname Eldon Based on our public records, there are a total of 165 people with the surname Eldon. Among these people surnamed Eldon, there are approximately 42 distinct names, with an average of 3 people who share the same name. Robert Eldon, James Eldon and William Eldon are the top three most widely-used names from the list of people surnamed Eldon, with 11, 10 and 9 people respectively. In addition, Our data shows that Florida has the most people surnamed Eldon, with a total of 33 people, and there are a total of 18 distinct names among these people. Michigan is the second-most populous state for people with the surname Eldon, with a total of 19 people and an average of 15 distinct names.
History Podcasts BAttle of Chrysler Farm - History BAttle of Chrysler Farm - History Battle of Chrysler On November 11, 1813, American forces were defeated by smaller numbers of British forces at the Battle of Chrysler Farm 100 miles from Montreal. A force of eight hundred British and Canadian troops led by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph W. Morrison met the American advances into Canada. American Brigadier General Boyd was dispatched with 2,000 men to handle Morrison's threat. On the evening of November 10, Morrison placed his headquarters at a farmhouse of John Chrysler on the north bank of the St Lawrence. The St. Lawrence on one side and swamps on the other secured his lines. The American forces had no choice but to attack the British line directly. The British held their position and did not fire until the Americas were close. They then opened fire with devastating effect. The American line broke and the assault was over. It was a humiliating defeat for the Americans. The British lost 22 killed and 148 wounded; the Americans 102 killed and 237 wounded. BAttle of Chrysler Farm - History We make history come to life! Participate as a reenactor or come be a spectator at one of our historical events. Click on the picture to see our events. The Daniel Lady Farm welcomes all Scouting units. Camp on hallowed ground and get a tour of the barn and the house museums. We provide wood, water and Porta-pots. Only a mile from Gettysburg's town square and one exit away from the National Park Service's Visitor Center, the Lady farm makes an excellent base camp for experiencing history. Click on the picture to go to our Camping Request form. COMING SOON! The General Eisenhower Learning Center The GBPA is excited to announce the addition of the Eisenhower Education Center. Purchased with funds provided by a benefactor, the "Ike" building is in the process of being rehabbed and updated. It will serve as the offices of the GBPA as well as offer a special museum with rotating displays and a large meeting room perfect for seminars, meetings and even small dances! Stay tuned! Horror and Heroism at the Slaughter Pen Farm At Slaughter Pen Farm in Spotsylvania County, part of the Fredericksburg battlefield, Union Col. Charles H. T. Collis gallops to the front of his 114th Pennsylvania Infantry, seizes the regiment's colors, and rallies his men for another attack on Dec. 13, 1862. For his extraordinary valor under fire, Collis received the Medal of Honor. German artist Carl Rochling later painted the scene. Some 4,000 Federal soldiers stood upon the precipice of battle. Their waterlogged and mud-caked wool uniforms clung heavily to each man’s body. For the last few hours, they had laid upon the earth in a vain attempt to keep a low profile from Confederate projectiles falling among their ranks. "When we came up to within range or reach of there [sic] batteries they opened on us from a number of batteries…” recalled one Pennsylvania soldier. “We were kept in a large field lying on the frozen ground which was thawing a little. For several hours wich [sic] all the while the Rebel cannons were firing on us — the cannon balls were flying over and among us all the time, killing men and hosses [sic] and tearing up the ground all around us and throwing the mud and dirt all over us and blew up one of our ammunition wagons….” A veritable hell on earth had just erupted from the far tree line. Few could fathom the horror that waited across the seemingly flat, nondescript field before them. And none could have expected that, by the end of December 13, 1862, this nondescript field would witness no fewer than five acts of valor for which United States soldiers were bestowed the Medal of Honor. These stories of heroism on the Slaughter Pen Farm are highlighted herein. Today, the Battle of Fredericksburg is one of the most misunderstood campaigns in all of American military history. Most view the battle as futile frontal assaults on a fixed fortified enemy position. Confederate soldiers were so well positioned that they had an easy victory, mowing down thousands of Federal soldiers in front of the now-infamous Marye’s Heights. The reality of what happened on December 13th is far different than the story that has been told by the majority of the battle’s participants, as well by as many historians. The Battle of Fredericksburg was not a one-sided affair. It was not an easy Confederate victory. In fact, it was a close-fought thing. The Union army came within reach of decisively defeating General Robert E. Lee’s vaunted Army of Northern Virginia. The Federal plan that General Ambrose Burnside decided upon was simple enough: a pre-dawn, nearly simultaneous assault on the Confederate lines. On the Union left, Burnside amassed nearly 65,000 Federal soldiers. They were to attack across a plain south of Fredericksburg, strike the Confederate right and push it to the west and to the north—away from the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. This would place the Federals between the enemy and their capital. As the rebels were driven back on their right, another Federal force would attack out of the city of Fredericksburg itself. These Union soldiers would hit the Confederate left at Marye’s Heights. These Union troops were meant to tie down the enemy in the northern sector of the battlefield so that they would be unable to shift south and assist their counterparts on the Confederate right, while hopefully dislodging the enemy from their strong position. It was a solid plan on paper however, the execution of the plan was severely flawed. Vague orders arrived at the front after dawn, and they seemed to contradict the plan Burnside had discussed with his commanders the previous evening. The Federal commander in charge of the 65,000 men on the Union left, William Buell Franklin, was baffled. He assumed his men would be the vanguard of the offensive, yet the orders he received sounded impotent. Rather than ask Burnside for clarification, Franklin stuck to what he perceived as the tone of the order and, instead of launching 65,000 Federals on an assault, he sent forward “a division at least”—some 4,200 men—and he kept “it well supported” with another division of some 4,000 soldiers. In other words, a poorly worded order and terrible communications—all made worse by a bad map—led to Franklin’s decision to merely throw forward 8,200 men toward an enemy line that consisted of more than 38,000 Confederate soldiers. One Confederate watched as the blanket of blue engulfed the fields before him, preparing for the assault, “It was a grand sight seeing them come in position this morning, but it seemed that host would eat us up. ” Unbeknownst to the Confederate onlookers, the imposing Federal formation was not as imposing as it would seem. Near 10 AM, the Federals made their initial push toward the Confederate right. As they did so, a few stray cannon shots fell among the Union ranks. The shells were not coming from the far tree line, though rather, they came from the Union left, where there should be no Confederates. A Pennsylvania solider stated, “Naturally supposing, from the position [of the cannon], 'twas one of our own batteries, we thought our gunners had had too much 'commissary' this morning, and so remarked.” More shots tore through the ranks. However, it was not a few inebriated Union artillerists, but rather a rogue Confederate officer who rode forward with a lone cannon and pelted the Union flank for nearly an hour. This cannon stalled the Federal offensive. Around 12 PM, the Federal offensive lurched forward once more. This time, the Confederates responded with a roar. The full force of Southern artillery, some 56 cannon, came to bear on the Federals, who were easy targets on an open plain. Federal artillery countered in what proved to be the largest artillery duel in the war's Eastern Theater from December of 1862 until Pickett’s Charge at Gettysburg. Just after 1 PM, two Confederate ammunition chests exploded along the Southern lines—one right after the other. Some Federals leaped to their feet and cheered wildly. One officer seized the initiative. General George G. Meade called all of his 4,200 Pennsylvanians to their feet. The Keystone State men pressed forward into a point of woods and flowed onto a low rise named Prospect Hill. Although outnumbered, Meade’s men burst like a shell in all directions and, amazingly, breached the dense Confederate line. They desperately needed support, though. General John Gibbon National Archives Although his family lived in the South, John Gibbon felt compelled by duty to stay with the Union, where he amassed a stellar reputation as the leader of the famed Iron Brigade. And on the afternoon of December 13th, he stood at the head of an entire Union division. As Gibbon steeled himself for battle, he could not have known that the Confederate force he was about to assault—across what has been dubbed as the “Slaughter Pen” of Fredericksburg—contained three of his brothers. As Meade’s men fought for their lives atop Prospect Hill, Gibbon readied his division for action, stacking his three brigades one behind the other. His outnumbered division would act as a battering ram, entering the fray in three successive waves. Sometime between 1:15 and 1:30, Gibbon’s first wave trudged across the field. The fields were marshy and muddy. The ground tried to suck the shoes right off the men’s feet. Their wool uniforms were made heavy by the water they had absorbed while lying in the open, waiting to go into action. Confederate artillery fire still fell among the ranks. Nelson Taylor, Gibbon’s senior brigade commander, found that the seemingly flat field the men were trudging through was not so flat. In fact, the plantation fields across which they advanced had a number of fences. The traditional wood fence along the road was no problem rather, it was the ditch fence they came across in the field that posed a major issue. Farmers in that part of Virginia dug ditch fences to provide irrigation for their fields, denote property lines, and keep cattle from wandering. This particular fence was normally 4 to 5 feet deep and around 10 feet wide. The width of the fence meant the muddy Federal soldiers could not leap across it—they had to jump into more mud and ankle- to knee-deep water. Once out of the ditch fence, the men ascended a slight, almost imperceptible rise. Atop the rise, Taylor's lead brigade felt the full brunt of the Confederate small-arms fire. Five North Carolina regiments led by James Lane opened upon the exposed Federals. (These were the same Tar Heels that would wound Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson six months later.) Taylor attempted to steady his men, who began falling left and right. The division skirmish line, manned by Colonel Samuel Leonard’s 13th Massachusetts Infantry, withdrew, lacking ammunition. The 13th Massachusetts made its way back to the staging area where the Federal advance began, the Bowling Green Road. As the members of the regiment caught their breath, George Maynard looked around and was unable to locate his friend, Charles Armstrong. Determined to find his comrade, Maynard proceeded on his own back to the front. A firestorm enveloped his unit’s former position. Amidst the hail of bullets, Maynard located Armstrong—the latter having been wounded in the leg. Maynard made an improvised tourniquet in the field, applied it to Armstrong’s leg, and then carried him back through “the whistling of shot and shell.” George Maynard came off the field unscathed and located a Union field hospital. Sadly, Charles Armstrong passed away on the evening of December 13th. For his actions, though, George Maynard received the Medal of Honor—the first of five men who would receive that distinction on the Slaughter Pen Farm. Taylor’s attack foundered. Standing in an open field, exchanging shots with an enemy protected behind a railroad embankment and in a tree line, was a losing proposition. After 20 minutes of fighting, most of Taylor’s men were disheartened and running low on ammunition. Colonel Peter Lyle brought his brigade forward in an attempt to bolster Taylor’s line. Lyle tried to make the best out of a bad situation by combining the two brigades. Men still fell by the score. The flags of each unit made conspicuous targets, but they, too, were the epicenters of conspicuous gallantry. Flags were large, designed so men could see them through the smoke of battle. If your flag went forward, so should you if the flag went to the rear, you could withdraw from the field in good conscience. Flags were also the pride of soldiers, both North and the South. It was a great dishonor to lose one to the enemy in action. Lyle’s battle line began to falter as his men pressed across the field. Confederates leaped atop the embankment of the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad and singled out many of the Federal color bearers. The color bearer of the 26th New York Infantry fell wounded as the unit advanced across the Slaughter Pen. The men of the 26th had already entered the battle with a pall over their heads. Their former colonel, William Christian, had resigned from the army in disgrace, labeled as a coward. Thus, the soldiers of 26th New York had something to prove at Fredericksburg. As their colors fell to the earth, a German immigrant sprang forward. Martin Schubert should not have been on the battlefield at Fredericksburg. Schubert was sickly and had just received a medical discharge from the army. Rather than abandon his comrades and flag in their time of need, though, Schubert had stayed to fight. He scooped up the flag and, rather than just stand his ground, he strode forward, urging his unit to follow. Moments later, Schubert was felled by a bullet—but another immigrant stepped in to take up the colors and the advance. Joseph Keene, a former Englishman, took the flag from Schubert and helped to keep the advance going. Both Schubert and Keene received the Medal of Honor. Just down the line from the 26th New York was the brand-new 136th Pennsylvania Infantry. These 9-month soldiers, who hailed from Western Pennsylvania, had joined the Union cause when President Lincoln called for 300,000 more men in response to Robert E. Lee’s move into Maryland earlier in the fall. The fight at the Slaughter Pen was overwhelming for some of the green Keystone Staters. The color bearer of the unit was a 250-pound man who made a perfect target for the rebels. As this fact dawned on him, he abandoned his flag. Phillip Petty saw the discarded banner and snatched it up. Like Schubert, Petty led by example and moved forward with the flag, helping to urge his men across the field. He stomped forward for a few yards, planted the flag in the ground, knelt beside it, and fired on the enemy. His fellow Pennsylvanians rallied around him. Petty was later presented the Medal of Honor. Meanwhile, John Gibbon added the weight of his third and final brigade to the attack. His men drove the Confederates from the railroad, and like Meade’s men to their left, breached the Confederate line. The success, though, was short-lived. Fierce rebel counterattacks struck home, and Gibbon’s men poured back from whence they came. One soldier admitted that “the noise was terrific, almost deafening.” In the pell-mell retreat, scores of Union prisoners fell into rebel hands. Private George Heiser of the 136th Pennsylvania was one of those unlucky men. Heiser had refused to leave a wounded comrade near the rail line. Confederates sent him to Libby Prison, although he was later exchanged. Heiser survived his nine months with the army and was extremely proud of his service. He took part in veterans' reunions, marched in memorial parades, and instilled the pride of patriotism in his son Victor. George owned a store in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. It was the kind of store we only see in the movies. It had everything you would need to live in coal country and if you couldn’t afford to pay, George Heiser let you take what you needed anyhow—he knew you were good for it. In May of 1889, George marched in the annual memorial celebration in Johnstown. Sadly, two days later, he and his wife Mathilde were swept away in the waters of the epic Johnstown Flood. Fifteen-year-old Victor Heiser miraculously survived. He went to where his parents’ store once stood all that remained was a wardrobe. He opened it to find the contents: his father's Civil War uniform. Victor reached into the pocket and pulled out the sum total of his inheritance—one cent—which was perhaps carried by George at Fredericksburg. George Heiser had survived the horror of the Slaughter Pen at Fredericksburg and the hell of Libby Prison only to die in one of the other great tragedies of the late 19th century. With George Meade’s and John Gibbon’s attacks both over, now it was a matter of survival. The battle was lost, and the commanders had to extract as many men from battle as possible. Meade begged for reinforcements. Then he pleaded for them. Finally, he went on the warpath with fellow Union officers. After far too much time, reinforcements arrived at the front. Meanwhile, Gibbon was severely wounded in the wrist and gave up the field. His division streamed back toward the Bowling Green Road and the Rappahannock River. Still, something had to be done to stem the tide of Confederate forces. Fresh troops entered the field as the Confederate counterattack was reaching its zenith. New York Zouaves Library of Congress Colonel Charles Collis was a native of Ireland who had immigrated to the United States shortly before the Civil War. Collis served in the 1862 Valley Campaign and seemed to have a solid battlefield acumen. Unfortunately for Collis’ unit, the 114th Pennsylvania, they were entering their first battle. The 114th Pennsylvania was known as “Collis’ Zouaves” because they wore the flashy red and blue uniforms modeled after French Algerian soldiers. What the Pennsylvanians saw was akin to pandemonium. Their brigade commander, John Robinson, was knocked out of action and Gibbon’s men were fleeing the field with Confederates in hot pursuit. Federal artillery pieces were about to be overrun. Collis didn’t flinch. He rode to the center of his line, snatched the flag from the color bearer, and spurred his horse forward, bellowing “Remember the stone wall at Middletown!” While the phrase might have been invigorating to other soldiers, the 114th Pennsylvania had not fought at Middletown. Thus, the meaning of the phrase fell on deaf ears. What did spur the men of the 114th Pennsylvania forward was the action of the colonel, on horseback, flag in hand. The Keystone State men slammed into the Confederates, halting the rebel counterattack. The action was immortalized in a massive painting, while Collis’ heroism was rewarded with a Medal of Honor. Marching into battle with the men of the 114th Pennsylvania—but often overlooked—was a vivandiere by the name of French Mary Tepe. A vivandiere is a carryover from the French army. They supported the soldiers in the field by supplying them with water, aid, and other care. Tepe was right behind the battleline in the Slaughter Pen when she was wounded in the ankle. For her actions, she was awarded the Kearney Cross, an award exclusively given out by General Philip Kearney’s old division. The cross was granted “only to brave and worthy soldiers.” By 3 PM, the fighting at the Slaughter Pen was all but over. Nearly 5,000 soldiers fell in the life-and-death struggle. Across that bloody plain, and in a radius of some 400 yards, five men “received the highest and most prestigious personal military decoration that may be awarded to recognize U.S. military service members who distinguished themselves by acts of valor”—the Medal of Honor. Few sites of battle ever witnessed this amount of horror and heroism in such a small span of time and space. The Slaughter Pen Farm Ron Zanoni Upon retreating across the Rappahannock River, one Pennsylvania soldier seemed to sum up the experience of every Federal soldier who fought at the Battle of Fredericksburg and survived. “I am free to confess that the moment I touched the earth I drew a long, strong and soul-relieving breath, and from the bottom of my heart, thanked God that I have lived to get out of that infernal slaughter pen and was once more safely landed on the other side of Jordan.” Battle of Châteauguay Battle of Châteauguay, fought 25-26 Oct 1813 along the marshy shores of the Châteauguay River near Montréal (artwork by Henri Julien, courtesy Library and Archives Canada/C-003297). Called the hero of Châteauguay for his bravery in the battle against the Americans in 1813 (courtesy Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library/T14885). Though resistant to the discipline of his superiors, soldier François Ducharme nonetheless distinguished himself in several key battles, such as the Battle of Châteauguay. No known image of Ducharme exists (detail from a lithograph by Henri Julien, courtesy Library and Archives Canada/C-003297). Battle of Châteauguay, 26 October 1813. A small force of Canadian volunteers commanded by Charles-Michel de Salaberry defeated a much larger American force of 3000 en route to Montréal (courtesy Musée du Château Ramezay). Battle of Châteauguay One of the least destructive skirmishes of the War of 1812 in terms of casualties, the Battle of Châteauguay was also one of the most detrimental to American war plans and one of the most important for the development of Canadian nationalism. Fought 25-26 October 1813 along the marshy shores of the Châteauguay River near Montréal, it was initiated by American general Wade Hampton. With approximately 3000 troops, Hampton intended to invade Lower Canada as part of a large-scale operation to capture Montréal, in conjunction with General James Wilkinson, who was approaching from the west along the St. Lawrence (see Battle of Crysler's Farm). Candian Defences at Châteauguay Hampton's army was met by a smaller, all-Canadian force of Voltigeurs, fencibles, militia, and several Kahnawake warriors, under the command of French-Canadian lieutenant-colonel Charles-Michel d'Irumberry de Salaberry. The American loss effectively ended any serious threat against Montréal. For the defenders, who were outnumbered and, for the first time, fighting without British support, this skirmish became a source of enormous pride. From the outset, Hampton's cause was fraught with challenges. Approximately 1000 of the New York militia who were a part of his army refused to cross the border, and during the battle itself, several of his officers were seen abandoning their men and positions for safer ground. The Canadians had lodged behind extremely well-constructed defensive works, and the amount of noise emanating from them - shouts, cheers, and bugling, deliberately produced to cause confusion - made it difficult for Hampton to ascertain how many members of the enemy's forces he faced. Failed American Strategy Initially, the Americans' plan of attack seemed promising, if precarious. Finding the Canadian defences wedged between the river on the east, and a swamp to the west, Hampton hired guides to lead a brigade (under Colonel Robert Purdy) northward, where they would position themselves behind Salaberry's barricade. Hampton and a second brigade under General George Izard would then commence a frontal attack on the Canadian position. What looked good on the map, however, was a disaster in execution. On the evening of 25 October, Purdy and 1500 men set out to find their way behind the Canadian defences. When the guides proved less than reliable, the troops found themselves lost and meandering in the woods, making very little progress. Meanwhile, Hampton received a communication from the secretary of war, John Armstrong, that winter barracks were being constructed for his men Hampton took this news to mean that Washington did not intend to support the invasion. Disheartened, but unable to recall Purdy, he went ahead with his plan the following morning. Victory for the Canadians The skirmish itself lasted several hours and involved intense and repeated thrusts and volleys on each side. But because Purdy's men had not been able to flank the Canadian defences, the forward assault on the barricade was not nearly as effective as Hampton and Izard had hoped. Purdy's men were scattered, under fire from snipers, and lacked any coordinated leadership many of them abandoned the fight. The Americans were further disadvantaged by their weapons, which were loaded with notoriously inaccurate "buck-and-ball" ammunition, most of which ended up lodged in the surrounding trees. By three o'clock that afternoon, recognizing that the enterprise had failed, Hampton ordered his men to withdraw. Later reports described this retreat as panicked and fearful, particularly for Purdy's men, as they were pursued by Aboriginal warriors throughout the following night. Although the encounter at Châteauguay was not as bloody as many battles fought during this war, the loss of life and injuries sustained should not be dismissed. The Americans suffered 23 killed and 33 wounded, while 29 men were declared missing. Salaberry's troops fared better (no doubt because of their well-constructed defences) they reported two killed, 16 wounded, and four missing. The Battle That Saved Canada W hile Americans’ recollections of the War of 1812 include the celebrated victories over British invaders at Fort McHenry, Md., and New Orleans, they are less prone to remember the failed invasions of British North America (present-day Canada). Among the most humiliating U.S. defeats came in battle along the St. Lawrence River at a place called Crysler’s Farm. In 1813 U.S. Secretary of War John Armstrong Jr. conceived a two-pronged invasion of Lower Canada (present- day Quebec). Maj. Gen. James Wilkinson was to boat 8,000 troops down the St. Lawrence from Sackett’s Harbor, N.Y., on the northeast shore of Lake Ontario, and rendezvous with a 4,000-man force under Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton marching north from Plattsburgh, New York. Their objec tive was Montreal. The scheme went awry from the outset. In September both Armstrong and Wilkinson fell ill, leading the secretary to delegate command to Wilkinson. That didn’t sit well with Hampton, who loathed the latter to the point of refusing to communicate directly with him. Hampton may have had good reason. A former commanding general of the U.S. Army, Wilkinson had slimed his way through multiple courts-martial for a variety of offenses. On October 18 Hampton moved north along the Châteauguay River only to have his 1,400 New York militiamen balk at fighting people they saw as friends. The general and his 2,600 Regulars pushed on to the confluence of the Châteauguay and English rivers, where they encountered 1,500 French Canadian Voltigeurs, other local militias and Mo hawk warriors under Lt. Col. Charles de Salaberry. The Battle of the Châteauguay, on October 26, ended in defeat for Hampton, who withdrew to Plattsburgh and tendered his resignation, while Salaberry became a Canadian folk hero. Meanwhile, on October 17, Wilkinson and his 8,000 men left Sackett’s Harbor and boated down the St. Lawrence. The British sent a 650-man force downriver from Kingston to harass the Americans. Its New York–born commander, Lt. Col. Joseph Wanton Morrison, had fought in the Nether lands before returning to North America as commander of the 2nd Battalion, 89th (Princess Victoria’s) Regiment of Foot. While chasing Wilkinson, his force drew eager local militia men and Mohawk warriors, its ranks swelling to near 900. Late on November 10, after enduring a day of British fire, Wilkinson’s main body encamped along the river at Cook’s Tavern. Behind him, Morrison’s men bedded down at John Crysler’s farm, within 2 miles of the American rear guard. At dawn on November 11, British gunboats fired on Wilkinson’s camp, while inland American scouts fired on a sniping Mohawk, prompting panicked Canadians to raise the alarm. Soon both forces were on the alert. At midmorning Wilkinson, resolving to eliminate the enemy force hectoring his rear guard, sent Brig. Gen. John Parker Boyd with 2,500 infantrymen and dragoons to deal with the annoyance. Despite being outnumbered more than 2-to-1, Morrison chose to fight. At center were his 500 regulars, supported by two 6-pounder cannons. Anchored against the river, his right flank comprised light and grenadier companies and a third 6-pounder. In woods to the left the Voltigeurs, other militiamen and two-dozen Indians took up skirmishing positions. Wilkinson opened the battle with an infantry thrust around the British left that drove the Canadians a mile back through the forest. As the Americans emerged from the woods, however, the well-drilled British loosed a withering series of volleys that drove the attackers to cover. Meanwhile, a separate American force led by Brig. Gen. Leonard Covington crossed a gully to an open field and were met by a line of soldiers clad in gray. Beneath the gray greatcoats, however, were the red coats with green facings of Morrison’s 89th Foot. Covington was mortally wounded in their first volley, and when his second-in-command fell dead moments later, the brigade fell into disorder. Despite a brief rally by U.S. artillery, by 4:30 nearly all the Americans were in retreat, and by dusk the British had ceased pursuit In this rare pitched battle of the War of 1812 the British lost 31 killed and 148 wounded, the Americans 102 dead, 237 wounded and 120 captured. On November 12, Wilkin son held a council of war, which unanimously agreed to end the ill-conceived campaign. Today an 1895 commemorative obelisk marks the national historic site of “The Battle That Saved Canada,” 5 miles downstream from present-day Morrisburg, Ontario. Open daily each July and August, the on-site visitor center includes an interactive battlefield model and map, an audiovisual presentation, soldier dioramas and a panoramic mural highlighting the fight’s climax. Admission is free. Battle of Crysler’s Farm National Historic Site The Battle of Crysler’s Farm was fought on November 11, 1813 between American forces under the command of Maj. Gen. James Wilkinson and British forces commanded by Lt. Col. Joseph Wanton Morrison near Morrisburg, Ontario during the War of 1812. It was a complete victory for the British, and this, alongside another defeat at the Battle of the Chateauguay, persuaded the Americans to abandon plans to march on Montreal. The American effort to capture Montreal in 1813 was known as the St. Lawrence Campaign, since it focused on militarily dominating the St. Lawrence River, at the border of the United States and British Canada. In September, Maj. Gen. James Wilkinson and 8,000 men departed from Sackets Harbor, New York and advanced east along the river, while Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton and 4,000 men advanced north from Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain. Hampton was defeated at the Battle of the Chateauguay on October 26. Lt. Col. Joseph Wanton Morrison’s much smaller force of 900 to 1,200 men had pursued the American expedition to Morrisburg, where the two sides made camp on November 10. The next morning, battle occurred almost by accident when scouts began firing at each other, making both armies believe an attack was imminent. Morrison had chosen Crysler’s Farm because of its open terrain, while the Americans had to slog through swampy ground to reach the British. As luck would have it, Maj. Gen. Wilkinson was sick, so Brig. Gen. John Parker Boyd was left in command. He attacked piecemeal, and with only 2,500 men. The American attack quickly faltered over rough terrain and a British counterattack drove them back. The American expeditionary force withdrew, leaving 102 killed, 237 wounded, and 120 captured. The British lost 31 killed and 148 wounded. Maj. Gen. Wilkinson was later accused of negligence during the campaign but was exonerated in a court martial. The War of 1812, fought between the United States and Great Britain between 1812 and 1815, arose from a dispute over maritime trade and U.S. territorial ambitions on British Canada. The war went badly for the U.S., with British troops burning Washington, DC in August 1814. A late victory by Andrew Jackson at New Orleans led to the perception the U.S won the war, despite the Treaty of Ghent establishing peace without any territory changing hands. Canadian Parliament designated Crysler’s Farm a National Historic Site in 1920, but in 1958 it was destroyed to make way for the St. Lawrence Seaway (seaway expansion also submerged several historic farms, villages, and cemeteries). Dirt from the battlefield was piled up to create a man-made hill, on top of which was raised the 1895 obelisk that formerly marked the battle site. There is a reconstructed British encampment and interpretive center nearby. Camp figures and tents are made of painted metal and provide a neat photo opportunity. The center, called the Battle Memorial Building, contains artifacts from the War of 1812, as well as two life-size dioramas depicting moments from the battle. The Battle of Glendale/Frayser's Farm Often identified as one of the Confederate army's great lost opportunities, this battle was the next to last of the Seven Days battles. With the Union army in full retreat toward the James River in the face of Lee’s offensive, the Southern army set its sights on the critical intersection at Riddle's Shop, often called Glendale and sometimes referred to as Charles City Crossroads. Most of the Union army would have to funnel through that bottleneck on its way to the river. Seven Union infantry divisions deployed across several miles to guard the intersection. Four separate Confederate columns angled toward the crossroads. Northeast of the crossroads, at White Oak Swamp, 30,000 men led by Confederate general “Stonewall” Jackson made no progress against blue-clad divisions under generals Smith and Richardson. Two other Southern columns, commanded by Benjamin Huger and Theophilus Holmes, met substantial resistance and failed to threaten the Union position. The fourth column, which included the troops of generals A. P. Hill and James Longstreet, struck George McCall's Pennsylvania Reserve division west of Glendale on either side of the Long Bridge Road. In the bitter fighting—some of it with bayonets and clubbed rifles—the Confederates captured more than a dozen cannon and were able to push to the edge of the old Frayser Farm, within sight of the road leading south from the intersection to the James River. But they could go no farther. The intersection remained open, and the Union army retreated safely on the night of the 30th. Sketch the battle of Glendale by Alfred Waud. The casualty figures for June 30 are difficult to know with any certainty. Reasonable estimates suggest about 3500 men killed, wounded, and captured on each side. Perhaps no Civil War battle has so many different names. Virtually every Confederate who fought there called it the Battle of Frayser’s Farm, but Union soldiers knew it as Glendale, Nelson’s Farm, Riddle’s Shop, Charles City Crossroads, New Market Crossroads, or White Oak Swamp. Today Richmond National Battlefield Park owns 140 acres of the battlefield, all of it acquired in recent years. Presently the land is inaccessible to the public, but there are plans to install a parking lot, restore the ground to its historic appearance, and develop walking trails and informational signs. Much of the rest of the battlefield is owned by the national non-profit Civil War Trust, which over the years has purchased and preserved more than 450 acres there, including most of the heart of the battlefield. 89th at the Battle of Crysler's Farm The naval and military forces of Britain and the recently independent United States of America clashed between 1812-14 in a little remembered war called 'The War of 1812'. In 1813, the American Secretary of War (John Armstrong) set in motion a strategy to capture Upper Canada by moving two armies to attack undefended Montréal in an attempt to force the British to abandon their territory to the west. One army, Major General Hampton's, was defeated at the Battle of Chateauguay on 26 October 1813. The other army, commanded by Major General Wilkinson, was embarked and advancing along the valley of the St Lawrence River. Meanwhile, at Kingston, Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Morrison of the 89th Regiment, commanding a 'Corps d’Observation' boarded a flotilla and sailed down the St Lawrence to harass Wilkinson’s force. Morrison disembarked at Prescott and reinforced by the 240 men of the Prescott garrison, continued to harass Wilkinson's American army down the river. Morrison arrived at Crysler’s farm on 10 November and prepared to engage the Americans on ground of his choosing. Wilkinson despatched Brigadier Boyd with an American force of 2,500 to attack Morrison’s force. Morrison's right was on the river line, his left in a pine wood manned by Canadian Voltigeurs and Mohawk warriors. The majority of his main body and reserve consisted of a detachment of Canadian Fencibles, the 49th and 2/89th Regiment of Foot and well sited Royal Artillery guns. At 1400 hours on 11 November, Boyd's advancing force made contact with Morrison's forward lines which then fell back to the main prepared position. Boyd's first general attack came 30 minutes later but Morrison's well-disciplined regulars, firing volleys by platoons at close range, repulsed Boyd's disorganised and poorly disciplined attacks. The fighting continued until 1630 hours when the Americans recognised that they were beaten and retreated they had lost 102 killed, 237 wounded and over 100 prisoners while the British had lost 22 killed and 148 wounded, of which the 2/89th suffered 5 killed and 2 wounded. Morrison’s victory was described as 'a very brilliant little affair.' When Wilkinson learned that Hampton’s army had been defeated at Chateauguay and would not be joining his force for an assault on Montréal, he ended the campaign and marched the survivors of his army back to the United States. Britain and the United States ceased hostilities in the following year and concluded the war by signing the Treaty of Ghent on 24 December 1814. Above left, Garner's Military General Service Medal, awarded for The (Anglo-American) War of 1812 with the clasp 'CHRYSTLER'S FARM'. It is not unusual to find variations of spelling for titles of battles on medals, in despatches, historical accounts or indeed in the London Gazette. This medal is in the collection of The Royal Irish Fusiliers. What was Jones Farm? As one might imagine, Jones worked a large enslaved labor force on his one thousand plus acre plantation. The 1860 census lists him owning seventy-four men, women, and children, who lived in seventeen slave dwellings. The 1860 agricultural census is a significant key to better understanding Oak Grove plantation at this time. As far as animals, enumerated were four horses, eighteen asses and mules, eight milk cows, and ten other cattle. That may sound like quite a small sum to help feed a plantation family and their enslaved workforce until one reads the following line of two hundred swine, which provided the bulk of the meat consumed on Southern plantations. All of Jones's livestock was valued at $5330.00. Also listed were the crops grown on the plantation. They were: three hundred bushels of wheat, ten bushels of rye, 5500 bushels of Indian corn, three hundred bushels of oats. Also listed are 3000 pounds of tobacco, which seems like a very small amount to keep seventy-four slaves engaged. Perhaps Jones leased out some of his surplus slaves, but that is merely speculation on my part. The Jones Farm endured fighting not once, but twice. Its first experience was during the Peebles Farm fighting, September 20-October 2, 1864. However, it was on March 25, 1865, that the Jones Farm endured it most significant combat, with the family home being among the engagement's causalities. The house was set ablaze by soldiers in the Union VI Corps when it was utilized by Confederate sharpshooters. The March 25 engagement will be the subject of a future post. Present-day photograph of Jones Farm by the author on May 20, 2017. Period map of Jones Farm location courtesy of the Library of Congress. The Piper Farm Piper House on a winter morning. The Henry Piper Farm and Family On the morning of September 19, 1862, the detritus of a bloody battle was very evident in the small town of Sharpsburg, Maryland. The heavy scent of wood smoke and decaying flesh consumed the small community located near the Potomac River and Antietam Creek. Leaving his brother Samuel’s farm near the river, Henry Piper and his wife Betsy, made their way to their farm located on the other side of town near the Hagerstown Pike. Both prayed that the main house and outbuildings had not been destroyed by the event that took place on the previous Wednesday, September 17. The Maryland Campaign It had been a week filled with terror for the Piper family. On Monday, September 15, the vanguard of the Army of Northern Virginia arrived in the Antietam Valley following a battle on South Mountain. That afternoon, Confederate Generals James Longstreet and Daniel H. Hill found their way to the Piper home and informed Mr. Piper that his residence was selected as their headquarters. Staff officers, orderlies, soldiers and horses soon established themselves around the house as the army prepared for battle. Although Henry Piper was known in the community as an ardent Unionist, he felt it prudent to welcome his unexpected guests with dinner and other refreshments. As dinner was served, the Piper sisters offered the generals some of their homemade wine. General Longstreet politely refused the offer, but General Hill had no qualms and drank from the cup offered to him. After seeing no ill effect on Hill, Longstreet changed his mind saying, ”Ladies, I will thank you for some of that wine.” Warned by the Confederates of the approaching battle, the couple, three of the six children and the enslaved people residing on the farm “quickly packed what they could carry into a wagon, and Elizabeth buried her dishes in the ash pile”. Mary Ellen Piper remembered their flight: “We left everything as it was on the farm, taking only the horses with us and one carriage”. The Pipers headed first to the Killiansburg Cave along the Potomac River but eventually took shelter at the Samuel Piper farm. The Battle The Henry Piper Farm was centrally located astride Lee’s defensive line on September 17. From a plateau behind the Piper farmhouse, General Lee and Major General Longstreet saw the columns of Union troops on his front and his flanks. In addition, Confederate artillery batteries sited their targets from this high ground. By 9:00 A.M., two Confederate brigades anchored down the so-called “Sunken Road,” six hundred yards north of the Piper Barn, and it served as a fall back position for troops engaged to the North. Major General William French and Major General Richardson drove their divisions towards the Sunken Road through the Mumma and Roulette Farms beginning at 9:30 A.M. Meanwhile, Confederate Major Gen. Richard Anderson maneuvered his division around and through the Piper buildings and orchard. These Confederate regiments withstood the fire of four Union batteries of twenty-pound Parrot rifled cannons coming at them from a distance of two miles on their right. By 11:00 A.M., the Sunken Road had become a death trap for the Confederate defenders. Receiving fire from three different directions, the Confederate battle line broke for the rear through the Piper Orchard towards the Hagerstown Pike. Hit by a Confederate shell fragment, Major General Richardson was mortally wounded and carried from the field. Major General George McClellan ordered his replacement, Major General Winfield S. Hancock, to call off the attack and consolidate the Union position north of the Sunken Road. That evening, the 7th Maine Regiment of the Sixth Corps received an order to advance towards the Piper Barn. The Confederates drove back the ill-fated attack, which resulted in many Union casualties. The following day, neither side renewed the battle, and the Piper farm became a no man’s land between the lines. On the evening of the 18th, Lee took his army back across the Potomac River and returned to Virginia. On September 19, the farmers and townspeople of Sharpsburg warily returned to their houses and farms. The Pipers were relieved to find their house, barn and out buildings still standing. Inside their home, however, laying underneath their prized piano were two dead Confederate soldiers. The Pipers’ personal possessions were strewn around the buildings and Union soldiers were butchering the livestock that had not been driven off. Their farm and their lives were in shambles. The Union army stayed in Sharpsburg for the next six weeks. Eventually, Henry Piper filed a claim to the federal authorities for assorted damages to his property and livestock. Although the board of claims awarded him $2,488, he did not receive payment because he did not produce a certificate of loyalty. Twenty-four years later, Henry sued the U.S. Government and one of the witnesses was former enslaved person Jeremiah Summers. Henry and Elizabeth moved to Sharpsburg in 1863 and resided at a house they had purchased in 1857 following the death of Henry’s father. This house is still located at the corner of Main and Church streets in Sharpsburg. In April of 1864, a company of the 19th United States Colored Troops headquartered at the Methodist Episcopal Church in Sharpsburg was accused of seizing “diverse colored men, free and slave” for service in the Union army. One of those men was young Jeremiah Summers who was only 15 at the time. Henry Piper found the lad at the church headquarters and took him back to the farm. Piper claimed that Jeremiah could not serve because of his age. Not convinced, eight soldiers from the company roughed him up and put him under arrest. He was released on the condition that he produce Jeremiah. The soldiers took Jeremiah away as the people of Sharpsburg townspeople loudly objected.Henry journeyed to Frederick, Maryland and voiced his complaint to the Provost Marshal who thereupon released Jeremiah to his custody. Later, many citizens of Sharpsburg submitted a petition to Major General Lew Wallace and demanded an investigation. After Maryland emancipated slaves in 1864, Jerimiah continued to work and reside on the Piper Farm as a paid employee of Henry’s son Samuel. Henry retired to his elegant stone house and later employed Jeremiah’s son Emory. After Henry Piper’s death, he provided Jeremiah with a small cottage and garden near the Sunken Road. Jeremiah Cornelius Summers died in 1925 at the age of 76 and is buried in the Tolson’s Chapel Cemetery of Sharpsburg. Elizabeth Piper died on January 19, 1887 and Henry succumbed five years later on January 14, 1892. The Piper Farm that Henry and Elizabeth bought from his father in 1854, was composed of 184 acres and had the only commercial apple orchard in that part of Washington County. Each fall, the cider press located near the stone barn produced many gallons of cider for sale. Six other buildings surrounded the modest farmhouse: the kitchen/enslaved quarters, root cellar, store house, smokehouse, and the barn. The slave quarters were located in the stone house west of the main house. In 1850, Henry owned four slaves and his father owned five slaves. To accommodate these two families, the quarters were divided into two sections with a loft above each section. By 1860, there were six slaves on the farm, five of them children. A kitchen was also located in this building. The Pipers also employed a sixteen year old free black farm hand named John Jumper. The main house had two levels and a root cellar. The second level included the parents’ and children’s rooms. On the first level was the parlor and the center of activity. The piano provided hours of entertainment for the family and guests. The Piper Farm remained in the family until 1960. The Park Service bought the property from the Antietam-Sharpsburg Museum, Inc. in 1964 for $75,000. The legacy of the Piper family lives on to this day. The Park Service leases out the fields to area farmers and the apple orchard has been re-planted. As the seasons, change, the memories of the hardships that the Pipers and their neighbors endured will never be forgotten. To learn more about what our Natural Resource Division is working on in the Piper Orchard, click here. Map of the Piper Farm Watch the video: Battle of Cryslers Farm 1813 War of 1812 (December 2021).
Iron-oxide “nanozymes” may assist combat cavities For folks with notably cavity-prone enamel, every day brushing and flossing aren’t at all times sufficient. A brand new remedy may assist, because it makes use of tiny particles referred to as nanozymes to interrupt down plaque and kill cavity-causing micro organism. At present being developed by scientists from the College of Pennsylvania and Indiana College, the experimental method incorporates two most important elements: an answer which is utilized to the enamel, and a hydrogen peroxide rinse that’s subsequently swished within the mouth then spat out. The answer is known as ferumoxytol, and it is already FDA-approved for the remedy of iron-deficiency anemia. It accommodates iron-oxide nanoparticles which have enzyme-like qualities, and are thus known as nanozymes. As soon as the ferumoxytol has been utilized to the enamel, the nanozymes bind to receptors on the cell membranes of cavity-causing Streptococcus mutans micro organism. When the hydrogen peroxide rinse is subsequently launched, the iron oxide serves as a catalyst that converts the hydrogen peroxide into oxidants. These oxidants kill the micro organism by rupturing their membranes, plus they break up the plaque biofilms produced by the micro organism, for simpler elimination. The method reportedly does not harm the enamel or oral tissues. It additionally does not hurt non-target micro organism, as a consequence of the truth that the hydrogen peroxide conversion solely takes place in extremely acidic circumstances, reminiscent of those who happen when S. mutans micro organism are current and lively. In a check of the remedy, 15 volunteers wore a denture-like equipment that integrated actual tooth enamel, for a 14-day interval. 4 instances every day, they simulated the consumption of sugary meals by making use of a sugar-containing answer to the gadget. Moreover, twice every day, 5 of the individuals carried out the ferumoxytol/hydrogen peroxide remedy, 5 others carried out a variation by which solely the inactive (non-nanozyme) components of the ferumoxytol have been current, and 5 others merely rinsed with water. After the two-week interval was up, it was discovered that the tooth-enamel gadgets worn by the primary group contained a lot much less plaque and S. mutans micro organism than these of the opposite two teams. A paper on the analysis, which is being led by the College of Pennsylvania’s Prof. Hyun (Michel) Koo, was just lately printed within the journal Nano Letters. Supply: College of Pennsylvania Leave A Reply Your email address will not be published.
Payment receipt - What is a payment receipt? A payment receipt is a document given to a customer as proof of full or partial payment for a product or service Start invoicing for free A payment receipt is also referred to as a ‘receipt for payment’. It’s created after payment has been entered on a given sale. The amount of payment can be the full amount stated on the invoice for the sale, or a partial amount. Payment receipts can be useful for both the seller and the buyer, and are an additional document used in the sales process. What is included on a payment receipt? While there are no specific requirements for what information must be included on a payment receipt, typically, a payment receipt will include the following: • The seller’s business name/logo • A clear label (‘Payment receipt’) • The original invoice number • The date the payment was received • The amount received • Any remaining amount due If the related invoice has been paid in full, this should also be clearly indicated on the payment receipt, preventing any confusion on the customer’s end. What is the difference between a payment receipt and a sales receipt? Despite the similarities, a payment receipt is different from a sales receipt in a few key ways that can be important for businesses to understand. Payment receipts: created to provide the customer with a proof of payment. It’s a simple document that outlines the amount received by the seller. It confirms that the payment has been received and gives the basics on the sale. Sales receipts: more structured and resembles a simplified invoice (without the invoice number or customer details). Only created once full payment has been received, through one payment method. Sales receipts often include information about the payment method as well as the date and amount of payment. Sales receipts are more specific and include VAT specifications. Sales receipts can be required by some businesses in cases of returns or exchanges. Why issue a payment receipt? A payment receipt is issued to a customer who’s looking for a proof of the payment they have made on an invoice for a service or product. While payment receipts may seem to be primarily for the customer, they can also be useful for the issuing business in the case of partial payments, as they can act as a payment reminder for any remaining amount due. Payment receipts and invoicing software Creating a payment receipt might seem like an extra step that’s just taking up more time you could be spending on more important aspects of running a business. Fortunately, online invoicing software like SumUp Invoices provides you with a fast, easy way to send proof of payment to your customers. SumUp offers a wide range of different payment options, including online payment links, QR codes, and card readers. Once a customer has paid you, you can issue a payment receipt to their email address, or print one using the card reader printer. Start invoicing for free
Yale C/AIM Web Style Guide Visual design I Visual design II Evolving multimedia Visual Design for the User Interface Part 1: Design Fundamentals Patrick J. Lynch, MS Yale Center for Advanced Instructional Media Published 1994, Journal of Biocommunications, 21(1):22-30 Digital audiovisual media and computer-based documents will be the dominant forms of professional communication in both clinical medicine and the biomedical sciences. The design of highly interactive multimedia systems will shortly become a major activity for biocommunications professionals. The problems of human-computer interface design are intimately linked with graphic design for multimedia presentations and on-line document systems. This article outlines the history of graphic interface design, and the theories that have influenced the development of today's major graphic user interfaces. By the end of this decade digital audiovisual media and computer-based documents will be the dominant forms of professional communication in both clinical medicine and the biomedical sciences. Interactive computer-based instruction is becoming an essential component of medical education, supplementing or replacing many lectures, laboratory experiments and dissections throughout the curriculum. Today most diagnostic imaging techniques and patient case records are already at least partially digital, and by the turn of the century virtually all medical images, patient records, and medical teaching resources will be acquired, transmitted, and stored primarily in digital form. Communications theorists have advocated multimedia "paperless documents" since at least the 1940's (Bush 1945; Engelbart 1963; Nelson 1987), but it was only in the late 1980's that computers powerful enough to store and display such documents became commonplace in hospitals and medical schools. High bandwidth networks of small computers are fast becoming the most influential medium for professional communication in science and medicine, and electronic documents will play an ever-increasing role in the education and clinical practice of medical professionals (Jessup, 1993; Lynch and Jaffe 1990; Shortliffe 1990). Documents designed for the computer screen may contain and organize many forms of interactive media, including text, numbers, still illustrations or photographs, animations, visualizations of spatial or numeric information, and digital audiovisual material (see Figure 1). Due to the novelty of these computer-based multimedia (or hypermedia) documents, and to the conceptual difficulties of integrating many forms of media into cohesive presentations, there are no widely recognized standards for organizing electronic documents (Adsit 1992; Lynch and Jaffe 1990). The graphic design and illustration of multimedia electronic documents requires a thorough understanding of the principles and practice of user interface design. As a discipline interface design draws concepts and inspiration from such diverse fields as computer science, audiovisual media, industrial design, cognitive psychology, human-factors and ergonomic research, audiovisual design, and the graphic and editorial design of conventional paper publications. The principles and practice of graphic interface design will influence the professional lives of all biocommunications professionals, as new, highly audiovisual forms of digital communication media augment or replace existing forms of illustration, photography, video production, and print media (Patton 1993). There are two salient problems in the design of multimedia documents: informing and guiding the computer user through a complex body of information, and the creation of a visual design rhetoric appropriate for interactive computer displays. Both problems are intimately linked with the design of graphic user interfaces for computer systems. The graphic user interface (GUI) of a computer system includes the interaction metaphors, images and concepts used to convey function and meaning on the computer screen, the detailed visual characteristics of every component of the graphic interface, and functional sequence of interactions over time that produce the characteristic "look and feel" of graphic interfaces. Origins of graphic user interfaces Computers and computer software operate through largely invisible systems that provide few physical or visual clues to the operational state or organization of the system (Norman 1993). The potential complexity and functional plasticity of computer systems is both their major strength and most obvious weakness-changing the software or operating system can radically change the characteristics and behavior of the computer system. The purpose of graphic user interface design is to provide screen displays that create an operating environment for the user, forming an explicit visual and functional context for the computer user's actions. The graphic interface directs, orchestrates, and focuses the user's experiences, and makes the organizational structure of the computer system or multimedia document visible and accessible to the user. In the 1960's most truly interactive computer systems were typewriter-like teletype (TTY) terminals that used paper as a display, printing both the instructions from the computer operator and whatever responses resulted from the computer's activities. Early designers of interactive computer systems using cathode ray tube (CRT) display monitors created graphic and text displays modeled after their familiar single-line-at-a-time TTY paper displays. This teletype metaphor (the "glass teletype") for computer displays is the basis for the MS-DOS operating system's command-line screen display that is still in wide use today. However, even in the 1960's researchers such as Ivan Sutherland (inventor or the first interactive windowing computer display) and Douglas Engelbart (inventor of the computer "mouse") were designing spatial display systems for CRT screens that both emulated the graphic complexity of print documents and used the dynamic character of the computer display to transcend the limitations of graphics printed on paper (Engelbart 1963; Grudin 1990; Sutherland 1980). Direct manipulation interfaces During the 1970's the conceptual basis for most current graphic user interfaces was developed at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). These concepts include explicit on-screen graphic metaphors for objects like documents and computer programs, multiple overlapping windows to subdivide activities on the display screen, and direct manipulation of windows, icons and other objects within the interface using Engelbart's desktop mouse as a pointing devise (Smith 1982). Two factors influenced the development of modern graphic interfaces: the direct manipulation of graphic "objects" on the computer screen, and the creation of appropriate interface metaphors-graphic representations designed to encourage and complement the user's understanding of the computer system. The Xerox PARC work on direct manipulation computer interfaces was grounded in the observations of cognitive and developmental psychologists Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner (Bruner 1966; Piaget 1954) that our understanding of the world is fundamentally linked to visual stimulation and the tactile experience of manipulating objects in our environment (Kay 1988; Kay 1990). In particular, Bruner's model of human development as a combination of enactive skills (manipulating objects, knowing where you are in space), iconic skills (visually recognizing, comparing, contrasting), and symbolic skills (the ability to understand long sequences of abstract reasoning) lead PARC researchers to try and build interfaces that explicitly addressed all three of these fundamental ways of understanding and manipulating the world around us. Computers (then and now) have always required abstract reasoning; the task of the PARC researchers was to create an interface that would also exploit the user's manipulative and visual skills. Using the mouse as a pointing devise the PARC team created a on-screen cursor whose movements directly corresponded to mouse movements, and a highly graphic display screen that allowed easy combinations of text and graphics. Working with the PARC computer scientists graphic designer Norman Cox created a set of screen icons (documents, folders, mail boxes, etc.) to make basic components and operations of the computer system visible as concrete objects (Littman 1988). The objective was to create on-screen graphic analogs of familiar real-world objects, to foster the illusion that digital data could be picked up, moved, and manipulated as directly and easy as paper documents on a desktop. Laurel (1991) and many previous observers have noted the similarities between direct manipulation interfaces and Samuel Coleridge's concept of the "willing suspension of disbelief," a term Coleridge coined to describe the audience's intense psychological involvement with representations of reality in theatrical plays. A well-designed graphic interface establishes consistent and predictable behavior for all objects represented in the system, and thus the user suspends disbelief and comes to treat on-screen representations as if they were real, manipulable objects like physical documents, buttons, and tools (Schneiderman 1992). The interface research done at Xerox PARC in the mid-1970's established most of the visual and functional conventions of current graphic user interfaces, and were the direct ancestor of the Apple's Macintosh graphics interface (Apple Computer 1992), Microsoft's Windows (Microsoft Corporation 1992) and the various graphic interfaces that overlie UNIX workstations such as Motif, NextStep, or Open Look (Hayes 1989). Fundamentals of graphic interface design Unlike the static graphics of conventional print documents, or the fixed linear sequences of film and video, graphics on the computer screen are interactive, dynamic, and constantly change in their presence or absence on-screen, in spatial position, and in visual or functional character. The visual structure of a graphic user interface consists of standard objects such as buttons, icons, text fields, windows, and pull-down or pop-up screen menus. Through their familiarity, constancy, and their visual characteristics, these interface objects convey very particular messages to the user about the functional possibilities and capabilities of the software in use. This constancy of form and function is a fundamental tenet of graphic user interfaces-the behavior of interface elements should always be consistent and predictable. Graphic interfaces also offer a visual and functional theme or metaphor to the user. Interface metaphors use references to familiar habits, tasks, and concrete objects as a means of making the abstract and invisible functions of the computer easier to understand and remember. Interface metaphors After some experience with a complex, abstract system like a computer users begin to construct a conceptual model or "user illusion" (Kay 1990) of the system as they imagine it to be organized. This mental model allows the user to predict the behavior of the system without having to memorize many abstract, arbitrary rules (Norman 1988). The primary goal of interface design is to create and support an appropriate and coherent mental model of the operations and organization of the computer system. Graphic user interfaces incorporate visual and functional metaphors drawn from the world of everyday experience to help orient the computer user to the possibilities and functions of the computer system. By emulating the look and behavior of familiar, concrete screen objects such as file folders, paper documents, tools, or trash cans the functions of the computer system are made visible and placed into a logical, predictable context. One of the most familiar and widely imitated metaphors is the "desktop" interface created at Xerox PARC in the 1970's for the Alto and Star computers. The designers at PARC reasoned that since those small computers would be used in an office environment an on-screen emulation of everyday office objects would make the computers easier to understand. The Alto and Star systems were the first computers to employ graphic icons representing commonplace office objects to represent documents, file folders, trash cans, mail boxes, and "in" and "out" boxes to represent other office fixtures. Interface metaphors facilitate what Norman (1993) calls experiential or reactive cognition, where you gain information about the functionality of the computer as you interact with various objects in the interface. You don't memorize commands-you react to a rich set of information presented by the graphic interface. Various interface elements both tell the user what actions are possible-the items listed on a pull-down menu, for example. The proper function of objects ought to be self-exemplifying through metaphor: to throw things away, put them in a "trash can", to store things, put them in a folder. But simply adding graphics and a mouse to the user interface does not automatically make a system easy to use or understand. As computer system mature and add capabilities many computer users now (justly) complain about the functional and visual complexity of current graphic user interfaces. Although graphic interface metaphors are widely accepted they are often poorly executed, resulting in software that is difficult to understand and use. Difficulties in the design of graphic interfaces most often arise because from two problems: inconsistent or confusing relationships between interface objects, and poor visual design of the computer screen. Successful interface metaphors should be simple systems that do not require the user to learn and remember many rules and procedures. If the user is forced to remember many arbitrary rules the primary value of the metaphor is lost, because the "rules" governing the user's interactions ought to be self-evident in the metaphor. For example, after placing a document icon inside a folder you ought to be able to then open the folder and see the document inside. You naturally assume that the document will stay inside the folder until you move it, and that you could put one folder inside another just as you can with real physical folders. If any of these assumptions were not consistently supported throughout the user interface the whole concept of folders as an organizational metaphor would be pointless. Most document metaphors are based on book or paper models because most people are familiar with the basic organization of books, but designers of electronic documents often neglect to fully support the print metaphor with page numbers, chapters, contents displays, or an index. Figure 1 shows the design of medical teaching application that uses a print-like screen metaphor, with paging buttons and page numbers at the bottom right of the screen. Successful interface metaphors draw heavily on the user's knowledge of the world around them, and on established conventions that allow the user to predict the results of their actions in advance (Norman, 1988). In well-designed, well-documented user interface systems such as the Apple Macintosh or Microsoft Windows graphic interfaces the proper functional and visual design of all standard interface metaphors and other elements is thoroughly described (Apple Computer 1992; Microsoft 1992). Although the graphic design and illustration of computer documents may involve many issues not explicitly addressed in standard interface guidelines the visual designer of computer documents should nevertheless be thoroughly familiar with the functional standards of the particular graphic user interface system in use. Unfortunately there is no digital equivalent of the Chicago Manual of Style (1982) for the design of multimedia computer documents. Most current graphic interface standards were written with tool-oriented software in mind, and are only now beginning to incorporate guidelines for the integration of text, graphics, hypermedia links (see Lynch and Jaffe, 1990), and audiovisual media within computer software documents. In the absence of widely agreed-upon editorial standards for computer documents visual designers must proceed carefully to avoid creating systems that are more confusing than helpful to the computer user. The graphic interface standards set by Apple and Microsoft offer some of the few consistent stylistic and functional guidelines available to computer document designers. Software modes exist to provide special (usually temporary) interpretations or contexts for the actions of the user. Poorly designed modal behavior can confuse users and artificially limit their freedom of action. For example, early word processing programs required the user to enter a "Copy Mode" before selecting and copying blocks of text. Once the user enters copy mode no other text editing actions were possible until the user left the copy mode. Although all complex software inevitably incorporates some modal behavior early personal computer software was often highly modal, and therefore was often difficult to learn to use. In the late 1970's and early 1980's most personal computer software interactions followed a "verb-noun" model of user interface design that relied heavily on modal states. Verb-noun models of interaction relied on modes primarily to limit the user's range of action, because by artificially restricting the user's range of choices the software was much easier to program. To paste a piece of text you had to enter "paste mode" (the verb), then select the text (the noun) to be pasted. This style of interacting with computers is often confusing because it is very easy for users to forget which mode they are in, and it is difficult to remember the commands to get into and out of all the modes within a complex program (Schneiderman 1992). Current graphic interfaces like Windows or the Macintosh operating system follow a generally modeless noun-verb model of user interaction. For example, to copy a piece of text you point and select the text (the noun), then copy the text (verb) to the new location. No special modes restrict the user's actions. However, not all software modes are detrimental or confusing. Most graphics software incorporates mild forms of modal behavior in drawing and painting tools. When a "paint brush" is selected the cursor typically changes to a unique brush cursor, and from then all of the users actions are interpreted as painting-related until another tool is selected. As long as the mode makes sense to the user (painting with a brush-like cursor in a graphics program) and the shift in context is clearly signaled (by changing the cursor, or highlighting a tool in a tool palette), then well-designed modes may actually make the software easier to understand and use (Apple Computer 1992). In general the use of restrictive modal behavior should be avoided in electronic documents unless there is a logical, highly functional purpose to restricting the user's freedom of action. Locus of control The user should always feel in direct control of the computer interface, and should never feel that the computer has "automatically" taken actions that could arbitrarily change the user's preferences, destroy data, or force the user to waste time. Well designed interfaces are also forgiving of user's mistakes, and are stable enough to recover "gracefully" if the user makes mistakes, supplies inappropriate data, or attempts to take an action that might result in irreversible loss of data. For example, it is very easy for programmers to change basic system variables like screen colors, the colors of standard interface objects, sound volume settings, or other visual and functional aspects of the interface normally controlled by the user through "Control Panels" or "Preferences" features of the operating system. These actions are strongly discouraged by the Macintosh and Windows interface guidelines, because these fundamental choices about the set-up of the computer should always be left exclusively to the computer user. (By analogy, imagine what it might be like if advertisers could control the volume level or brightness of your television set during commercials.) Abrupt changes in the perceived stability and constancy of the interface are confusing to the user and rapidly lead to a lack of confidence in the design integrity and reliability of the computer system. For similar reasons the interface guidelines for most graphic interfaces strongly discourage programmers from attaching any consequences to moving the cursor around the computer screen (Apple Computer 1992; Microsoft Corporation 1992). Users correctly assume that they are free to move the cursor around the screen, and that only after explicit action is taken (by pressing the mouse button and clicking on a screen control object like a button or window) will there be any action taken by the computer. Feedback and time in the interface Proper management of time is essential in user interfaces. Computer users engage in a complex dialog of event and response, action and reaction with the operating system and user interface of their computers. Interface feedback is the process of managing the timeliness and manner of the computer's response to a user's actions. Feedback from the user interface should be immediate and unambiguous, in the form of visual or auditory signals that the computer has received input from the user and is acting upon that stimulus. Even small gaps in time (0.25-0.50 seconds) between the user's actions and any reaction from the computer can confuse the relationship between cause and effect, or force the user to assume that the computer or software has misinterpreted the user's actions (Horton 1990; Marcus, 1992). Visual signals that provide feedback from the interface are fundamental design features that are often overlooked until they are poorly executed or absent. In most graphic interfaces clicking on a screen button momentarily causes the button colors to reverse (white buttons turn black for a second) as an explicit signal that the button was "pressed" or clicked on. Since tactile cues are absent in these "virtual" screen buttons explicit visual or audible cues (playing a button "click" sound, for example) are necessary to give users confidence that their actions are "understood" by the computer and are being processed. Our expectations about the "normal" speed of events is determined by the world around us, not by the slower and sensory-poor environment depicted on the computer screen. It doesn't take much computer experience to realize that personal computers process information too slowly to mimic the speed at which most "real world" events occur. This technological limitation will disappear within a few years as silicon-based "reality engines" bring high speed, fully shaded animations and high-quality video to the personal computer. However, at today's more modest computing speeds interface designers must carefully manage processing delays in the user interface, and provide users with feedback the proper visual , text, and other on-screen cues about the state of the computer's operations at any give moment. In addition to the immediate visual feedback after the user clicks on a button (confirming that some process has been initiated), the interface should always give the user a visual signal to wait while the system processes information even if the delay is only a second or two. Any delay longer than a few seconds without any indication of normal processing activity (such as the Macintosh "watch" cursor, or the Windows "hourglass" cursor) is likely to be interpreted as at least or troubling ambiguous behavior. Long delays without feedback are likely to be seen as system or program errors (Apple Computer 1992; Microsoft Corporation 1992). Computers excel at storing and retrieving information, but in one important sense most personal computers have very little memory. Although today's computer interfaces may often be a bit slow at providing information the instant the user requests it, by design today's graphic interfaces are largely trapped in the immediate moment and provide little evidence of the history of a user's interactions with the computer. For example, even the most advanced graphic user interfaces usually support only one level of the "undo" command; the system only remembers the user's last action and has no other record of the user's previous interactions with the system. This lack of memory is particularly unfortunate in multimedia teaching or testing systems, where the user could often benefit from a detailed record of past actions, lists of screens that were visited, or a record of the sequence of actions that lead to a particular result. Multiple levels of "undo" could also prevent mistakes and data loss where the user did not realize there was a problem until many further steps had been taken and no single-step "undo" was possible. Some applications have started to implement "historical" features that record as least some aspect of the user's interactions with the program over time. HyperCard's "Recent" screen (see Figure 2) gives the user a chronological listing of the last 42 screens (or "cards") visited during the current session (Apple 1991). Users can quickly scan a graphic review of their HyperCard session, and "back up" to a previous screen by clicking the image of the screen. As system software becomes more sophisticated software "agents" can be designed that can learn and remember the user's action over longer periods of time, and process this information to help predict the user's needs, or provide a detailed "audit trail" over an extended period of time so that almost any action could be identified and reversed if necessary. Organizing information Most of our modern concepts about structuring information stem from the organization of printed books and periodicals, and the library indexing and catalog systems that grew up around printed information. The "interface standards" of books in the English-speaking world are well established and widely agreed-upon, and highly detailed instructions for creating books may be found in guides like The Chicago Manual of Style (1982). Every feature of a book, from the table of contents to the index and footnotes has evolved over the centuries, and readers of early books faced some of the same organizational problems facing the users of hypermedia documents today. Gutenberg's bible of 1456 is often cited as the first modern book, yet even after the explosive growth of publishing that followed Gutenberg it took more than 100 years for page numbering, indexes, tables of contents and even title pages to become routine features of books. Multimedia and hypermedia documents must undergo a similar evolution and standardization of the way information is organized and made available in electronic form. Highly audiovisual and interactive computers have lead designers to propose novel spatial and conceptual metaphors in data organization and storage, and many digital information theorists have explicitly rejected print standards as an organizing metaphor in electronic documents in favor of hypertext metaphors (Landow 1989; Nelson 1987). Unfortunately many readers find the hypertext or hypermedia disorienting and difficult to navigate through, and lately the interest in complex hypertext systems has cooled as designers struggle with the task of creating systems that incorporate the unique capabilities of computers without disorienting the reader (Gygi 1990; Norman 1990). There seem to be no widely agreed-upon spatial topologies or other organizing principles for an multi-dimensional electronic information space (Conklin 1987; Norman 1993), and it is proving to be very difficult to give the reader of free-form electronic information databases an understandable conceptual model that represents a complex, interconnected web of both existing and potential links between units of information. The most practical current solutions to the organization of electronic documents build upon widely established print metaphors while gradually incorporating search, retrieval, and associative linking functions that are only possible in computer documents. Graphic maps (Figure 3) that give an overview of information structure are make it easier for users to establish a sense of location within the organization of electronic documents (Ambron and Hooper 1988; 1990). Figure 3 artwork courtesy of Anne Altemus, National Library of Medicine. Standard elements of graphic interfaces such as pull-down menus (see Figure 4) can form a highly interactive "table of contents" that both gives the reader a constant reference to the information topics available, and using menu checkmarks or other signals to mark the current location also gives the reader a sense position within the document (Lynch, et al. 1992). Building a conceptual model that tells the user what is possible within the document, and makes explicit the organizational structure of the document. The world-wide digital communications networks that are now being built will dramatically improve the availability and flexibility with which medical and scientific information may be stored, transmitted, and retrieved, but the benefits and opportunities offered by the new digital media will only be fully available to those biocommunications professionals able to create publications and audiovisual systems specifically designed for highly interactive digital media. In spite of all of the obvious power, efficiency, and flexibility of digital media, it is a curiously disembodied form of communication. Unlike older media such as print or even videotape, digital information has no required physical form, and one of digital media's main advantages is precisely that it can change form and arrangement in response to the user's interactions. The homogenous, highly abstract, and largely invisible form of digital media requires an interface to give form and accessibility to information. Human interface design, as applied to the design of interactive digital audiovisual systems and electronic documents, will shortly become the dominant activity of many biocommunications professionals. Digital display screens pose unique challenges to graphic designers and medical illustrators. The second part of this paper concerns the visual design of digital multimedia systems. Literature Cited Adsit, K. I. 1992. 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wet tracked ball mill what are the differences between dry and wet type ball mill? \| fote machinery The ball mill is a kind of grinding machine, which is the key milling machine used after the material has been crushed, and it also has a mixing effect. This type of grinding machine has a cylindrical body with spherical grinding mediums and materials. The centrifugal force and friction generated by the rotation of the fuselage bring the material and the grinding medium to a certain height and then fall. Impact and friction grind the material into fine powders. It is widely used in cement, silicate, new construction material, refractory material, chemical fertilizer, ferrous metal and non-ferrous as well as ceramics, and widely applied to dry or wet grinding for ores and grindable materials. The wet type is often equipped with a classifier, and the dry type is configured with a suction and separation device. Both of the dry and wet ball mills are composed of feeding port, discharging port, turning part, and transmission parts such as retarder, small transmission gear, motor, electronic control. The wet grinding can be widely used, because most of the minerals can be wet milled. The ball mill is equipped with a cylindrical rotating device and two bins, which can rotate by gears. The discharge port is straight, and there are also air intake devices, dust exhaust pipes, and dust collectors. The material from the feeding device is uniformly fed into the first bin of the mill by the hollow shaft spiral. This bin has stepped lining or corrugated lining, which is filled with steel balls of different specifications. The rotation of the cylinder generates centrifugal force to bring the steel ball to a certain height, and then fall, which will hit and grind the material. After the material is coarse grinding in the first bin, it will enter the second bin through the single-layer partition plate. This bin is embedded with a flat liner, and the steel balls inside will further grind the material, then the powder is discharged through the discharge grate to complete the grinding. We can't add water or other liquids during the grinding process. The material needs to be added water or anhydrous ethanol during the grinding process. We must control the grinding concentration, otherwise, it will affect the grinding efficiency. The amount of water depends on the use of the mud, the amount of clay in the formula, and the water absorption of the clay. It will be gradually pulverized under the action of impact and grinding. The movement of the ore needs to be driven by the water. The bulk material will be cracked under the impact and grinding of the grinding medium, with the crack gradually increasing and deepening, the final material will be separated from the crack to achieve the effect of bulk material being ground. The grinding ore will be discharge through the discharge port, and then the discharged mineral will be classified into the qualified product in a spiral classifier, with the coarse sand being returned to the ball mill through the combined feeder to continue grinding. The feeder feeds material continuously and evenly, the ground material will be continuously discharged from the ball mill. The wet ball mill can be divided into three types according to the motion characteristics: a simple swing type wet ball mill, a complex swing type wet ball mill, and a hybrid swing type wet ball mill. The dry grinding is suitable for materials that can react with water, which may not be used for wet grinding such as cement, marble and other building materials. Some products which require storage and sale in powder form is suitable for dry grinding, and in some other arid areas, because of the lack of water resources, dry grinding can also be used to save water. Wet grinding is suitable for most materials, such as all kinds of metal ore, non-metallic ore. As long as it is water-repellent and will not affect the quality of the finished product, the material can be used for wet grinding. Common ore includes copper ore, iron ore, molybdenum ore, phosphate rock, feldspar mine, fluorite ore, etc. The proportion of steel balls, materials, and water in wet grinding is 4:2:1. The detailed proportion can be determined by grinding experiments. At the same time, the size of the alumina grinding balls is also required. If the ratio is good, then the ball milling efficiency will be greatly improved. Generally, there are large, medium and small balls, and the better ratio between them can also be obtained through experiments. The dry milling process may be used when the particle size of the powder is not required to be very fine or when the ball milled product is to be stored or sold in powder form. For example, in the production of cement, it is necessary to choose dry grinding instead of wet grinding, otherwise, it will be difficult to meet our needs. Wet grinding is generally used in mineral processing, because the wet ball mill has the advantages of strong materials adaptability, continuous production, large grinding ratio, easy to adjust the fineness of the milled products, and it is widely used at present. Since the dry and wet ball mill equipment has its own advantages, we must find out the suitable grinding type that the material is suitable for so that we can ensure quality and efficiency. Welcome to consult Fote company, where our professionals will give you a satisfactory answer based on your needs. wet ball milling vs dry ball milling \| orbis machinery, llc wet ball milling vs dry ball milling \| orbis machinery, llc Everything we make use of in our day to day activities passes through a milling process. Cement used in building, the cereals we eat, toiletries, paints used in making our house presentable, and the tiles that beautifies the house we live in, all went through a milling process. A ball mill is a grinder which is used to grind, blend and mix materials like chemicals, ores, pyrotechnics, paints, mineral dressing process, paint and ceramic raw materials. Its working principle is impact and attrition. Ball milling have proved to be effective in increasing solid-state chemical reactivity and production of amorphous materials. Milling operations are carried out either wet or dry. Power The difference between the result gotten from using wet and dry milling are most of the time very large. This difference is attributed to the power. The power to drive a wet ball mill is said to be 30% lesser than that of a similar dry ball mill. Nature Of Materials In the production of some products both wet ball and dry ball milling processes are required. The grinding of the raw mix in a cement plant, can be carried out either wet or dry but because of the nature of the cement can, grinding it has to be carried out dry. Quality The quality expected will be the determinant of which ball milling process to be used. For example, if pyrotechnic materials is grounded dry, it gives a product superior characteristics compared to the one which was grounded wet. The grinding of aluminium for the preparation of paint is most of the time carried out using a wet milling process since the method introduces stearic acid, or other antiflocculent Environment The advantages Wet ball milling has over dry milling are higher energy efficiency, lower magnitude of excess enthalpy, better heat dissipation and absence of dust formation because of the aqueous environment it is being performed. Introduction Of Active Surface Media Wet ball milling allows easy introduction of surface active media having to do with the reduction of the required energy for the inhibition of aggregation of fine particles. Due to wide adoption, it is only theoretically possible to introduce such material or substance in gaseous or vapour form into dry ball milling. The only practicable method of introducing substance in gaseous form is wet ball milling. Cost In the production of ethanol, wet ball milling is the process used, because of its versatile process. It produces more products than dry ball milling, but in terms of efficiency, capital, and operating cost, most ethanol plants in the USA prefer to use dry ball milling process. In other words, dry ball milling is cost efficient in ethanol production than wet ball milling. With the above, you should be able to weigh which of the ball milling process is appropriate and cost efficient for your production needs. a method to identify wet ball mills load based on ceemdan, rcmde and srnn classification - sciencedirect An adaptive denoising algorithm-CEEMDAN is proposed to process vibration signal.Refined composite multi-scale dispersion entropy is proposed to extract features.SRNN is applied to establish the classification model of the ball mill load state.Experiments indicate that the recognition rate of ball mill load state is 98.67%. Ball mill plays a key role in mineral processing plant, and its load identification for optimal control has great significance for the energy consumption reduction and production efficiency improvement. The vibration signal of ball mill shell contains abundant load information, which can be used to identify ball mill load. However, due to the non-linear and non-stationary characteristics of vibration signals, as well as the heavy background noises, the load identification becomes a challenging task in practice. In this paper, a novel method based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), refined composite multi-scale dispersion entropy (RCMDE), and stacked recurrent neural network (SRNN) is proposed. First, CEEMDAN algorithm is used to decompose the ball mills vibration signals and obtain the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components. Then, the sensitive IMF components are selected through the correlation coefficient method, and the signal is reconstructed with the sensitive IMF components. Secondly, the RCMDE of the reconstructed signal is calculated to obtain the load feature vector, and the dimension of the feature vector is reduced by principle component analysis (PCA). Thirdly, the SRNN is applied to establish a load recognition model, taking the feature vector as its input and the load state as its output. The experimental results show encouraging accuracy to apply this approach to recognize the wet ball mills load, with a recognition rate of 98.67%. ball mill simulation in wet grinding using a tumbling mill and its correlation to grinding rate - sciencedirect A method for simulating the motion of balls in tumbling ball mill under wet condition is investigated. The simulation method is based on the three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) and takes into account the effects of the presence of suspension, i.e., drag force and buoyancy. The impact energy on balls' collision, which enables us to provide useful information for predicting the grinding rate, was calculated from the simulation work. Actual ball motion in the suspension in the mill was observed through a transparent mill lid made of acrylic acid resin at different solid concentrations and the suspension was made of water with powder samples such as gibbsite, limestone and talc. Grinding tests of the gibbsite sample using two laboratory tumbling ball mills made of stainless steel and using alumina with balls made of steel, alumina and glass were conducted and the grinding rate was determined by measuring the 50% particle size of the product. The specific impact energy calculated from the simulation work correlates well with the grinding rate of the sample, irrespective of the grinding conditions, so that the energy is the key factor controlling the grinding phenomena in wet milling. Related Equipments
Rapid Revision For School Students Join Us It's a piece of cake You are out for the day with a group of English friends when... It's a piece of cake It's a piece of cake is all about metaphors and similes. Your own first language probably has many colourful expressions for everyday, and less usual, situations. Can you identify which ones we use in such circumstances, in English? 'It's a piece of cake' ~ i.e. easy, pleasant, even energy- and confidence-boosting! Choose the most accurate and stylish answer. 'When it comes to a crisis, I'm afraid he's about as much use as ... ... .' ... a bull in a china-shop. ... a chocolate teapot. ... a concrete fish. ... a lead balloon. The two essential design features of a teapot are that it should contain and pour its fluid contents safely, and that it should not easily come apart or leak. A teapot made of chocolate would melt very quickly when filled with boiling water, leaving an unpalatable brown mess on your table. 'A bull in a china shop' conjures up the image of 'an accident waiting to happen' (as we also say; think about that!). Answers 3 and 4 also suggest unsuitable and/or futile things, but each of these is more usually used to describe things that drop or sink, including metaphorical uses such as when a supposedly persuasive performance fails to convince anyone (e.g. a speech or drama segment 'goes down badly'), or where a number of singers without instrumental accompaniment begin to slip off-key and 'lose pitch' (usually, downwards). 'It's a shame you fell straight asleep after supper last night; you should have stayed awake and watched that film, it was an absolute scream.' What does this final phrase tell you about the film? It was a particularly chilling horror movie. It was an appalling production; the cinematography was of such low quality that you wanted to scream (and/or switch off). The film was very funny indeed. The most memorable part of the film was the long scream as one of the characters died at the end. 'A scream' is a rather slangy, elliptical way of referring to something that made one scream with laughter. (Some people used to, or even still occasionally do, alternatively refer to such experiences as 'a hoot'.) You are out for the day with a group of English friends, who have also brought along some other people that you don't know very well. In casual conversation you ask one of your own friends about one of these other people, and he tells you ~ almost offhandedly ~ 'Oh, Steve? He's all right really, but sometimes I wonder whether he isn't a few sandwiches short of a picnic.' What is this supposed to mean? Steve very rarely contributes as generously as everyone else when eating together; i.e., he's mean ('stingy', even). Steve is absent-minded, didn't make or bring along his own packed lunch, and is sure to be 'on the scrounge' for other people's leftovers when you all stop to eat. Steve is not very intelligent. Steve is a trainee caterer who has not quite finished his course yet. Answer 3 was the right one, though each of the others represents a just-about-plausible guess. English (perhaps like your own language?) has many variations on this idea, designed as 'thinly coded' or polite / indirect / euphemistic ways of expressing it: 'not the sharpest knife in the block', 'a few oranges short of a fruit-stall' and various others. The common image is that Steve (or whoever) is 'missing something', or in the cruel old legal phrase 'mentally deficient / defective': i.e. he's not very 'bright'. Choose the most accurate and stylish answer. 'He served that club for years on end and if there were any decency, they would have made him president once old Cyril retired or died: that would have been such a nice thing for him, after all his other recent bad luck. But instead, they've given him ... ... ' ... a slap in the face. ... a kick in the teeth. ... the hard shoulder. ... a bunch of fives. The vicious phrase at Answer 2 is the most poignant and appropriate here. 'Hard shoulder' (Answer 3) is the narrow strip of tarmac along the outer edge of each side of a motorway or trunk road ~ not a very safe or hospitable place. Perhaps the imaginary speaker here meant 'giving the cold shoulder' (originally a cold cut of 'yesterday's' cooked meat, i.e. shoulder of mutton), meaning not to bother about being a generous host. 'A bunch of fives' - a punch (with a closed fist), which is pretty violent, is still not the phrase that we use in these circumstances. Choose the most accurate and stylish answer. 'Our team consists of nice, competent people who all know one another and their duties well, and work very happily together. Bringing in some jumped-up young Motivation Manager is only going to ... ... ' ... put the cows among the corn. ... set the cat among the pigeons. ... let the fox into the chicken-shed. ... set the river on fire. While Answer 3 also suggests disturbing an established and valuable group of birds, Answer 2 is the appropriate one here. The comfortable, familiar and productive ambiance of the existing team will be rudely shattered if a new person is put in as part of a fashionable commercial / management gambit. Current words for such things are always changing, of course; but in an earlier generation, one might have heard (for instance) a theatre or music-hall audience, or perhaps a group of people in the street, refer to something as 'a smasher', 'a hum-dinger' or 'a peach'. What would they probably have been talking about? A car. A girl / woman. An attractive dessert on a menu. A still-life painting or theatrical 'set'. Even in our modern enlightened times, there are still (quite rightly) ways of complimenting an attractive female; but these sample terms are all from a bygone age. When somebody stands between you and something you are trying to watch (deliberately or otherwise), in such a way as to block your view, you might well say: 'Could you move a little, please? ... ... ' You make a better door than a window.' There seems to be an elephant in the room.' I'm in between a rock and a hard place.' Blood is thicker than water.' Most of these otherwise standard phrases can be used in other circumstances, but not here. Answer 1 points out, only a little indirectly, that a typical door is opaque (i.e. one can't see through it), whereas a window is transparent. Choose the most accurate and stylish answer. When someone continues to be energetic and enthusiastic about a project, even once everyone else recognises it is far too late to expect any progress or success, we might mock them for ... ... ... kicking a man while he's down. ... flogging a dead horse. ... saving their bacon. ... following the fold. Obviously it is not a very good idea to flog (i.e. whip, or otherwise sharply try to stimulate) an animal that you want to cooperate; but doing this to an animal that has already died is not only distasteful, but plainly futile. The other Answers contain interesting, and in some cases animal-related phrases but these do not fit the situation. Choose the most accurate and stylish answer. 'If I were you, I'd avoid going outdoors tomorrow if you possibly can: the forecast says it's going to be raining ... ... ' ... battleships. ... cats and dogs. ... mothers-in-law. ... buckets. Answer 2 is the standard phrase; Answer 1 may be picturesque (and vaguely relevant to large quantities of water) but was a made-up 'distractor'; Answer 3 is in fact a literal translation of a phrase the Welsh use in such circumstances; Answer 4 is not bad, but not quite right (we do speak of the rain 'bucketing down' or even 'coming down in buckets' ~ not literally of course, but meaning 'by the bucketful', i.e. in substantial quantities or even 'dollops' rather than just individual drops). English has many ways of expressing that something is so rare as to be completely unlikely (e.g. that someone ought to do something, but in practice they will never get round to it). Which is the LEAST likely way, as expressed here? He cleans that car of his once in a blue moon. That car of his gets a wash once in a month of Sundays if it's lucky. There's more chance of Hell freezing over than of anyone ever seeing that car clean and shining again. 'Pigs might fly.' The image of the flying pig (except on the cover of Pink Floyd's 1977 album 'Animals', illustrating their 'Pigs on the Wing' track) is a proverb for impossibility, so Answer 4 is good (and splendidly short and downbeat and dismissive), but Answer 3 seems even more vehement. A flying pig would be one thing; Hell frozen over would be on quite another scale. The other two, upper Answers are good for expressing the idea of 'once in a very rare while' rather than 'never at all'. Author: Ian Miles © Copyright 2016-2021 - Education Quizzes TJS - Web Design Lincolnshire Valid HTML5 We use cookies to make your experience of our website better.
Determining which movement you find to be the most adequate in response to the current environmental situation. The Agrarian Solution Write a paper evaluating agrarianism as a spiritual response to the environmental crisis. 1. First, analyze agrarianism’s diagnosis of the root cause of human alienation from nature and its proposed solution. Examine how the agrarian solution differs from the solutions to the environmental crisis proposed by other environmental movements such as deep ecology. 2. Finally, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these movements, determining which movement you find to be the most adequate in response to the current environmental situation. (If you find none of the responses we studied adequate, defend your own ideas of the best response while also critiquing the movements we studied.) 3. At each step, support all your interpretations with evidence from the assigned texts and media. (Remember, there is more than one good way to answer these questions.) My Homework Nest Calculate your paper price Pages (550 words) Approximate price: - Why Work with Us Top Quality and Well-Researched Papers Professional and Experienced Academic Writers Free Unlimited Revisions Prompt Delivery and 100% Money-Back-Guarantee Original & Confidential 24/7 Customer Support Try it now! Calculate the price of your order Total price: How it works? Follow these simple steps to get your paper done Place your order Proceed with the payment Choose the payment system that suits you most. Receive the final file Our Services Essay Writing Service Admission Essays & Business Writing Help Editing Support Revision Support
Helping People Contribute: Facilitation Moves to Improve Communication When used effectively, facilitation moves can help guide learning and help learners feel comfortable using their voice to contribute and fully participate. Facilitation is also essential to reinforcing an inclusive environment for public speakers, breaking patterns that might privilege some learners over others. To help people feel comfortable... People need to know you have their back and that you are genuinely interested in getting to know them and helping them. Some techniques: • Validate: Whenever anyone says anything, make sure you listen deeply and respond first by validating what they say. • Clarify: It is hard to connect if you’re confused. Ask questions to make sure you understand what they are saying. (“Tell me more about…” “Can you give me an example of…” “I’m curious, what do you mean by…”) • Generate: Offer ideas as questions, instead of as directives. This ensures the learner is still in charge of their own learning. (“What do you think if we….” “What do you think about the situation where we....”) • Inspire: Give examples from your own experiences to inspire their ideas. Offer examples that you have seen so they can riff off of something concrete. (“I went to this event once, and I saw…” “I’ve seen something like that before, and they…”) • Suggest: Sometimes you do need to provide answers or offer direct suggestions to save time, but try to do this after learners have tried out ideas of his/her own. To facilitate equitably... When people feel put on the spot or unsure of whether their contributions are going to be “right” or valued, they cannot participate to their fullest ability. A few ways to avoid exclusion: • Pose an open-ended, but concrete prompt. Questions are hard to answer if they are too long, contain too many parts, or use unclear language. For instance, instead of “What do people think about this question and what should we be doing to address the issue?” try “What is your first reaction when you hear this question?” and after receiving a few answers, follow up with the second part, “What is one possible action step we should explore?” Questions are intimidating to answer if there is a “right” answer. • Take care with tone. Your tone might reveal you have an answer in mind. These discussions become more about guessing your answer as opposed to genuine learning. • Encourage people to take time to formulate responses. Too many discussions privilege the ability to answer the fastest. Incorporate time to create quality responses by weaving in time for turn-and-talk, silent writing, or advance preparation and research. • Distribute attention. If there is an answer you are looking for, do not spend all of your time drilling one student until you get that response. Instead, start with one person and then have other people contribute to the original idea, until ideas build on each other. • Know when to wait and when to move on. It takes practice to feel comfortable with awkward silences (but it’s worth it!). That said, sometimes it is much more useful to stop and move on, or plan to revisit a question at a later time. • Prepare people privately. If there are people you want to participate more, give them even more advance preparation, contributing to something specific at a specific date, (especially around areas of expertise or interest). • Teach sentence starters. Help people build on each other’s ideas by teaching sentence starters for how to add on, disagree, agree, or question. Help them rely less on you and maybe even practice having students facilitate discussions while you observe. • Be consistent. To feel comfortable participating, students need to know what you expect. It helps to have rituals, clear expectations, and familiar activities so students feel more confident over time. • Keep an eye on the clock. Facilitation is sometimes more about timekeeping than being the person in charge. Giving regular time checks and adjusting time to support students teaches them how to manage time, especially with speech preparation. • Balance time with different people. It is good to check in with yourself about who you tend to spend your time with. While you may not get to talk to everyone in a single session, distribute your interactions over time to attend to all relationships. Scroll to Top Skip to content
FAQ: What Is Pasteurized Milk? Is pasteurized milk good for you? Pasteurization Destroys Beneficial Bacteria and Enzymes. Simply put, pasteurization is an absolute disaster for human health because it kills many of the nutrients in milk that our bodies need in order to process it. What is the difference between pasteurized and unpasteurized milk? Pasteurized milk is dairy milk that is heated and cooled using a simple heating process that makes milk safe to drink before it is packaged and shipped to grocery stores. The difference between raw milk versus pasteurized milk is that raw milk—straight from the cow—does not go through the pasteurization process. How do you know if milk is pasteurized? Safe milk will have the word “pasteurized” on the label. If the word “pasteurized” does not appear on a product’s label, it may contain raw milk. Don’t hesitate to ask your grocer or health food store clerk whether milk or cream has been pasteurized, especially milk or milk products sold in refrigerated cases. You might be interested: Quick Answer: How To Make A Cake Without Milk? Which is better raw or pasteurized milk? 1. Difference in Structure. Raw milk is fresh, unpasteurized, non-homogenized milk from healthy, grass-fed cows. Pasteurized milk can also come from healthy, grass fed cows, but research shows that pasteurization destroys many of the important qualities of milk, such as good bacteria, enzymes and vitamins. Can you drink cow’s milk straight from the udder? Raw milk — milk that comes straight from the cow or goat without being pasteurized — has been effectively banned in many states because the Food and Drug Administration says it presents a health threat. What are the disadvantages of cow milk? The Risks of Cow’s Milk • Bleeding from the intestines during infancy. The intestines of some babies may bleed if they drink cow’s milk during their first year of life. • Food allergies. About 2% of children are allergic to the protein in cow’s milk. • Lactose intolerance. Lactose is the sugar found in milk. • Heart disease. What are the benefits of drinking unpasteurized milk? It’s packed with important, VITAL nutrients like calcium, vitamins, healthy fats, minerals, and iron. Plus, it’s an excellent source of raw protein. Drinking Organic Pastures Dairy raw milk and raw dairy products may prevent osteoporosis and bone fractures and even help you maintain a healthy weight. Does unpasteurized milk taste different? Because raw milk has live cultures, the taste changes over time, going from sweet to less sweet to downright funky, or “clabbered,” which means it’s starting to separate into curds and whey. Is boiling milk same as pasteurized? Boiling and Pasteurization Boiling is not the same as pasteurization, although they’re similar. Pasteurization in the United States involves heating milk up to about 160°F for the purpose of killing bacteria that could make you sick. You might be interested: FAQ: How Much Pus Is Allowed In Milk? Can we drink pasteurized milk directly? According to Dr Saurabh Arora, founder, food safety helpline.com, there is no need to boil pasteurized milk at all. “As it has already been given heat treatment during pasteurization, milk is microbe free. If we boil pasteurized milk, we end up diminishing its nutritive value. Is all milk pasteurized? When was pasteurization invented? Since that time and through today, with the exception of milk that’s marketed as “raw” (milk that has not been pasteurized) milk, all milk in the United States has been pasteurized. This process is one of the many ways the U.S. dairy industry helps ensure that our milk is safe. Is supermarket milk pasteurised? Yes, supermarket milk is always pasteurised. This means it has been heat treated to kill bacteria. What 3 vitamins are destroyed from pasteurization? During pasteurization, more than 50% of vitamin C is lost. The primary cofactors, enzymes and proteins that assist in the absorption of folate, B12, B6, and iron are also destroyed with pasteurization. Which milk is best for health? Which is Better for Health? Reduced-fat milk and skim milk have fewer calories and higher amounts of vitamins than whole milk (thanks to fortification). They also have less saturated fat, which has been shown in studies to raise your “bad” cholesterol and put you at a higher risk for heart disease. Why is raw milk illegal? The federal government banned the sale of raw milk across state lines nearly three decades ago because it poses a threat to public health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Medical Association all strongly advise people not to drink it. Leave a Reply
Home Page Exploring maths Exploring numbers 0-10 during continuous provision 0️⃣1️⃣2️⃣3️⃣4️⃣5️⃣6️⃣7️⃣8️⃣9️⃣🔟 Autumn 2- We have been exploring the numbers 0-20 and looking at 1 more/1 less of a given number 👍🏻😊⭐️ Autumn 2- Exploring 2d shapes ⏹⏺🔼 We have been learning the names and properties of 3D shapes. We have been busy exploring our classroom using 3D shapes 👍🏻👍🏻 Repeating patterns during continuous provision ❤️💛❤️💛 Exploring capacity during continuous provision 👍🏻😊👍🏻 Counting in 10’s and introducing ten frames 1️⃣0️⃣ Shortest and tallest 👦🏼👧🏽🧑🏻👱🏽‍♂️🧑🏻🧑🏾 Positional language using the Beebots ⬆️⬇️⬅️➡️ Counting in 10’s using 10 pence to make different amounts 👍🏻👍🏻 ‘lightest and heaviest’ using the weighing scales 😁😁😁 Exploring the part-part whole method used in Singapore maths 👍🏻👍🏻 Playing snakes and ladders using the Beebots 😊 Number sentences 💫💫💫 Sharing and halving 😁😁 Doubling and introducing symmetrical patterns 🦋🦋🦋 Adding amounts playing skittles 🎳 🎳🎳 Symmetrical patterns 🦋🦋🦋 Doubling a given number 😁😁😁 Measuring beans talks using cubes 🌱🌱🌱 Exploring number bonds to 10 👍🏻😊
Superfruits Are Super Good in a Balanced and Healthy Diet By Dr. Molly Casey It seems there are endless ideologies with regard to food and diets. I don’t know how it’s possible, but new ones come out of the woodwork as often as time keeps moving. As mentioned previously in other articles, my approach is to look at the basics and apply what seems to be pertinent to your path along the way. I wrote about superfoods last month and, particularly, the role of vegetables and super greens. This month let’s review the superfoods and look at superfruits. What Do Fruits Do for You? Fruits, like vegetables, are full of vitamins and minerals. Many fruits are too full of antioxidants. Vitamins are organic substances found in very small amounts in natural food. The body requires vitamins for proper development and optimal functioning. Minerals are inorganic elements found in the earth and food, again in very small amounts, that help the body develop, grow, and promote optimal functioning. Antioxidants are compounds that slow the process that produces free radicals and other reactions that can damage cells of the body. Free radicals are molecules with an odd number of electrons and are necessary for certain processes in the body; however, when present in too high numbers, free radicals cause damage and are linked to many disease processes. Consistently ingesting good quality antioxidants is a wise idea. Fruits provide good quality carbohydrates that are high in fiber and low in calories. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose and used for energy in the body’s cells, tissues, muscles and organs. Fiber is a complex carbohydrate and takes longer for the breakdown to occur, which helps keep blood sugar levels from spiking and helps people feel full for longer. Fiber also helps with waste elimination and healthy bowel movements. Superfoods are nutrient-dense foods packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Fruits have gotten a bad wrap over the years because they mainly provide carbohydrate fuel that breaks down into glucose, aka sugar. Food is neutral. It’s neither good nor bad. What the food is used for and how much is ingested is either helpful or not helpful. Carbohydrates are part of what the body runs on, including the brain. So let’s lighten up, carbs are not bad. It is, however, wise to look at quality and look to gain the biggest bang for your buck -- the most vitamins, nutrients, minerals, antioxidants for the fewest calories. Below are three very strong superfruits; they can easily be sneaked into your daily life by adding them to a smoothie of vegetables, taking them as a fresh handful snack, or let them be your dessert at night. Blueberries - These have very high levels of antioxidants. They are quite low in calories and contain good amounts of fiber, Vitamin C and Vitamin K. Vitamin C is used in making blood vessels, muscle, cartilage, and collagen in bones. Vitamin K is required for blood clotting and wound healing. Acai - These berries look similar to blueberries and are the fruit of a specific type of palm tree. They are full of antioxidants that are thought to help with detoxification and have anti-inflammatory effects largely through the high levels of antioxidants, anthocyanins. Anthocyanins have also been shown to enhance memory and improve memory and brain health. Pomegranates - This unique fruit is full of polyphenols, which are a powerful antioxidant. Polyphenols help with the health of blood vessels by keeping them flexible and promoting good circulation. They also help decrease chronic inflammation. There are three times the amount of polyphenols in pomegranates than there are in green tea. It’s jammed-packed with Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and carotenoids. Perhaps the easiest way to consume the benefits of pomegranates is through the juice, either by itself or the base for a smoothie. When it comes to feeding your body to meet your agenda, it’s easy to get caught up in dogma and ruts. Look at the basics and choose variety. Make different choices that support your health and health journey; let superfruits be a part of that journey and add a little sweetness into your life. Download your offer today and save! $29 New Patient Special, Consultation \| Exam \| Adjustment
Chinese Culture China Customized Tour » Online Booking Steps 1. Select a tour & submit 2. Quote for your tour Receive our tour proposal with rates in one working day. 3. Adjust your tour 4. Confirm & deposit Finalise your tour after receiving your deposit. 5. Final payment Pay the balance before or upon arrival. Westborough, Massachusetts Reviews on Tour-Beijing.Com Home » China Travel Guide » Chinese Culture » Chinese Architectures » Temples The temple is one of the Chinese Buddhist architecture and it was originated in the Indian temple architecture. The temple began to flourish in China since the Northern Wei Dynasty. These buildings documented development and religious culture of the rise and fall of China's feudal society and had an important historical and artistic value. Architectural Feature of Temples Temples are buildings that Han Nationality worship heaven and earth, mountain and the god of the land and the god of grain and these kind of temples including the Temple of Heaven, the Temple of Earth, the Altar of the Sun, the Altar of the Moon, the Temple of Literature (such as the Confucius Temple), Wu Temple (such as Temple Of Guan Yu), Mount Tai Daiyue Temple, Mount Song Songyue Temple, the Imperial Ancestral Temple (Emperors’ Temple), as well as temples offering to the god of the land and the god of grain. These temples are fully reflected as an agricultural ethnic Han Chinese culture characteristics. The layout of the building temples and palaces constructed in line with the original structure, but slightly simplified system architecture, the colors are not used much gold. Buddhist and Taoist temples architectural principles and layout are also different from the palace, but they are in a smaller scale and with their own religious in the decoration and interior decoration. Buddhist and Taoist temple built symmetrical Bell and Drum Tower; Buddhist stupa also built before the Buddha, the Buddha relic worship, Chinese is called "Buddha." Han craftsman used architecture technology of Chinese-style pavilion to build marble pagoda architectural style, known as Chinese-style tower with pagoda, including stone tower, brick tower, and wood tower and so on. Architectural View of Temples Chinese temples are just the opposite that it intends to blur the inner and outer space, pay attention to the mutual transformation of indoor and outdoor space. Hall, doors and windows, pavilions, corridors are open sides, forming a virtual or real, flexible or sluggish effect. The implication of the space changes confusion, which has deep links to China Heaven, yin and yang transformation cosmology. Famous Temples White Horse Temple White Horse Temple was built in the Han Dynasty which is located in Luoyang, Henan Province and it was the first temple of China's official construction. White Horse Temple was rectangular, covering an area of 40,000 square meters. The construction of the White Horse Temple, effectively promoted the development of Buddhism in China and East Asia, Southeast Asia. Therefore, the White Horse Temple is still a holy land for many pilgrims. After the completion of the White Horse Temple, the Buddhist influence in China was greatly developed and have had a great impact on people's thought and life. Since then, Buddhism spread from China to Vietnam, Korea and Japan and other countries, thus playing a role for Chinese and foreign cultures. Therefore, the White Horse Temple is known as the Buddhist "birthplace." Hanging Temple Hanging Temple located in Shanxi Province is a temple erected volley, showing great wisdom and skills of ancient craftsmen. Rely on unstable rock, overlooking the deep valley, Hanging Temple is extremely rare buildings. The temple is located 3.5 km south of the county, on the west side of the mountain, is the only existing Chinese built on a cliff timber-framed building. Hanging Temple was built in the Northern Wei Dynasty, in Tang, Jin, Ming and Qing dynasties were repaired. The entire building faces Hengshan Mountain, back on Cuiping Mountain, thus making it the first wonders in Hengshan Mountain. Wutai Mountain Wutai Mountain in Shanxi Province is one of China's famous Buddhist shrine. There are many Buddhist architectures on Wutai Mountain and 58 temples have preserved so far. Nanzen-ji Temple and Foguang Temple more famous Buddhist temples. Nanzen-ji Temple is small in size, 60 meters long from north to south, east-west width of 51.3 meters. It was built in the three years of Emperor Tang Jianzhong (AD 782) and it is now one of the earliest preserved wooden temple architecture in China. Foguang Temple was built in the eleven years of Emperor Tang Dazhong (AD 857), because the temple has "four distinctive features": statues, murals, ink and architecture, known as "the world's treasures." Foguang Temple is in the construction of a blend of architectural forms in different periods. Yonghe Lama Temple Yonghe Lama Temple is the largest Lamaism temple building an enormous scale in Beijing City. The first half layout is open and permeable. The glass arch is towering in the southernmost of the temple and the north of the arch is a road leading to Zhaotai Door while architecture are spread in the north of Zhaotai Door. The main buildings inside the Yonghe Lama Temple are Hall of Heavenly Kings, the main hall, the Ever-blessing Hall, Wanfu Club and so on. Wanfu Club is for the tallest building in the temple and the body of the building is majestic and unique while an 18-meter-high Buddha was inside the building. Add on:Classical Garden The Imperial Palace Questions & Answers: China Customized Tour Travel License NO.: L-BJ-01220 Copyright 2000-2021 All rights reserved

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