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Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of La France Continue, a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into Ici Paris.
Early years and education
Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras (Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais, and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris.After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing the piano and the violin. She travelled in several countries, and had long stays in Poland, where she lived with her sister and her brother-in-law, Adam Rosé, a diplomat and minister. Her travels inspired her to write an essay on Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin.In 1925, under the guidance of thesis supervisor Fernand Baldensperger, she presented her thesis for the degree of doctor of comparative literature. Its subject was the life and work of David Ferdinand Koreff, a German doctor whose connections included some notable French writers.
Writer
Suffering from lung disease, Marietta Martin spent several years between 1927 and 1931 in Switzerland, in a sanatorium in Leysin in the Canton of Vaud.
In 1933, her first literary work was published, Histoires du paradis (Stories of Paradise).In a letter written from Switzerland, she summarised her thought: "If a message has to be sent around the world, it shouldn't be based on suffering, that would increase suffering; it would be a false message. If it is a message for the earth, it should be a message for body and spirit. To really live, according to all the rules, the definitive teaching is: be joyous."
In 1936, Martin was approached by Maurice Tailliandier (1873-1951), out-going deputy of the second electorate of Pas-de-Calais (Arras), where he belonged to the Republicain et social group. He asked her to prepare documents for his political campaign. She accepted the work, in the name of support given by her father to Henri Tailliandier, Maurice's father, who had been deputy in the same electorate from 1885-1910.
In 1938 Marietta Martin prepared a collection of her poems, Adieu temps (Farewell, time) that was published posthumously in 1947.
Resistance worker
Shortly after the beginning of the war, Marietta Martini became part of the Réseau Hector, an important intelligence and combat group in the Zone Nord, the northern and western part of France under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II.
She joined La France Continue, a resistance movement in France which between 1941 and 1942 published an underground newspaper with the same name. Her bedroom in the rue de l'Assomption in Paris (16 th arrondissement) became the editorial office of the newspaper. Others who worked in this movement included Henri and Annie de Montfort, Paul Petit, Émile Coornaert, Suzanne Feingold and Raymond Burgard.
Twelve issues of the newspaper were published between 1941 and 1942. Marietta Martin wrote articles for the newspaper, and delivered copies by bicycle in Paris. She also sent out several thousand copies by post.
La France Continue was distributed by a group led by Robert Guédon. In February 1942, the group was shut down by Geheime Feldpolizei, the German secret military police. Paul Petit, Raymond Burgard and Marietta Martin were taken in the same raid. The military police searched Marietta Martin's room on the night of 7 to 8 February 1942 and seized a document with the title "Avec de Gaulle, avec l'Angleterre" (With de Gaulle, with England). In a judgement in 1943, it was described as a fairly long political article, written by her and reworked several times. The German authorities would have put it in a safe place, but it has never been found.
Marietta Martin was accused of writing and circulating clandestine publications and of being an activist in the Libération Nationale movement of Henri Frenay and Robert Guédon. She was imprisoned in La Santé Prison in Paris, and then deported to Germany 16 March 1942, where she stayed in eight successive penitentiary establishments. Along with Paul Petit and Raymond Burgard, she was condemned to death on 16 October 1943 by the People's Court (Germany) (Volksgerichtshof) of Saarbrücken for complicity with the enemy.
In prison in Cologne awaiting execution, she was cared for by fellow prisoner and Resistance worker Gilberte Bonneau du Martray. Other Resistance workers in the prison at that time included Elizabeth Dussauze, Jane Sivadon, Hélène Vautrin and Odile Kienlen. Because of bombardments, Marietta Martin was transferred, on a stretcher because of weakness, to Frankfurt. She died there on 11 November 1944. In 1949, her body was repatriated to Paris where she was buried with military honours in the Clichy cemetery.
Honours and recognition
On 18 April 1946 Mariette Martin was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de guerre. On 26 August 1947, she was cited for the order of the army corps. She was made a sub-lieutenant of Free France (Forces françaises combattantes, France Libre).
Marietta Martin is included among the 157 writers whose names are cited in the Panthéon in Paris as having died for France during the war 1939-1945.
In the 16th arrondissement in Paris there as a commemorative plaque for her at 34 rue de l'Assomption, and a street in the same arrondissement bears her name.
== References ==
|
father
|
{
"answer_start": [
394
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"text": [
"Arthur Martin"
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}
|
Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of La France Continue, a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into Ici Paris.
Early years and education
Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras (Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais, and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris.After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing the piano and the violin. She travelled in several countries, and had long stays in Poland, where she lived with her sister and her brother-in-law, Adam Rosé, a diplomat and minister. Her travels inspired her to write an essay on Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin.In 1925, under the guidance of thesis supervisor Fernand Baldensperger, she presented her thesis for the degree of doctor of comparative literature. Its subject was the life and work of David Ferdinand Koreff, a German doctor whose connections included some notable French writers.
Writer
Suffering from lung disease, Marietta Martin spent several years between 1927 and 1931 in Switzerland, in a sanatorium in Leysin in the Canton of Vaud.
In 1933, her first literary work was published, Histoires du paradis (Stories of Paradise).In a letter written from Switzerland, she summarised her thought: "If a message has to be sent around the world, it shouldn't be based on suffering, that would increase suffering; it would be a false message. If it is a message for the earth, it should be a message for body and spirit. To really live, according to all the rules, the definitive teaching is: be joyous."
In 1936, Martin was approached by Maurice Tailliandier (1873-1951), out-going deputy of the second electorate of Pas-de-Calais (Arras), where he belonged to the Republicain et social group. He asked her to prepare documents for his political campaign. She accepted the work, in the name of support given by her father to Henri Tailliandier, Maurice's father, who had been deputy in the same electorate from 1885-1910.
In 1938 Marietta Martin prepared a collection of her poems, Adieu temps (Farewell, time) that was published posthumously in 1947.
Resistance worker
Shortly after the beginning of the war, Marietta Martini became part of the Réseau Hector, an important intelligence and combat group in the Zone Nord, the northern and western part of France under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II.
She joined La France Continue, a resistance movement in France which between 1941 and 1942 published an underground newspaper with the same name. Her bedroom in the rue de l'Assomption in Paris (16 th arrondissement) became the editorial office of the newspaper. Others who worked in this movement included Henri and Annie de Montfort, Paul Petit, Émile Coornaert, Suzanne Feingold and Raymond Burgard.
Twelve issues of the newspaper were published between 1941 and 1942. Marietta Martin wrote articles for the newspaper, and delivered copies by bicycle in Paris. She also sent out several thousand copies by post.
La France Continue was distributed by a group led by Robert Guédon. In February 1942, the group was shut down by Geheime Feldpolizei, the German secret military police. Paul Petit, Raymond Burgard and Marietta Martin were taken in the same raid. The military police searched Marietta Martin's room on the night of 7 to 8 February 1942 and seized a document with the title "Avec de Gaulle, avec l'Angleterre" (With de Gaulle, with England). In a judgement in 1943, it was described as a fairly long political article, written by her and reworked several times. The German authorities would have put it in a safe place, but it has never been found.
Marietta Martin was accused of writing and circulating clandestine publications and of being an activist in the Libération Nationale movement of Henri Frenay and Robert Guédon. She was imprisoned in La Santé Prison in Paris, and then deported to Germany 16 March 1942, where she stayed in eight successive penitentiary establishments. Along with Paul Petit and Raymond Burgard, she was condemned to death on 16 October 1943 by the People's Court (Germany) (Volksgerichtshof) of Saarbrücken for complicity with the enemy.
In prison in Cologne awaiting execution, she was cared for by fellow prisoner and Resistance worker Gilberte Bonneau du Martray. Other Resistance workers in the prison at that time included Elizabeth Dussauze, Jane Sivadon, Hélène Vautrin and Odile Kienlen. Because of bombardments, Marietta Martin was transferred, on a stretcher because of weakness, to Frankfurt. She died there on 11 November 1944. In 1949, her body was repatriated to Paris where she was buried with military honours in the Clichy cemetery.
Honours and recognition
On 18 April 1946 Mariette Martin was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de guerre. On 26 August 1947, she was cited for the order of the army corps. She was made a sub-lieutenant of Free France (Forces françaises combattantes, France Libre).
Marietta Martin is included among the 157 writers whose names are cited in the Panthéon in Paris as having died for France during the war 1939-1945.
In the 16th arrondissement in Paris there as a commemorative plaque for her at 34 rue de l'Assomption, and a street in the same arrondissement bears her name.
== References ==
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
114
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"text": [
"France"
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Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of La France Continue, a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into Ici Paris.
Early years and education
Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras (Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais, and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris.After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing the piano and the violin. She travelled in several countries, and had long stays in Poland, where she lived with her sister and her brother-in-law, Adam Rosé, a diplomat and minister. Her travels inspired her to write an essay on Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin.In 1925, under the guidance of thesis supervisor Fernand Baldensperger, she presented her thesis for the degree of doctor of comparative literature. Its subject was the life and work of David Ferdinand Koreff, a German doctor whose connections included some notable French writers.
Writer
Suffering from lung disease, Marietta Martin spent several years between 1927 and 1931 in Switzerland, in a sanatorium in Leysin in the Canton of Vaud.
In 1933, her first literary work was published, Histoires du paradis (Stories of Paradise).In a letter written from Switzerland, she summarised her thought: "If a message has to be sent around the world, it shouldn't be based on suffering, that would increase suffering; it would be a false message. If it is a message for the earth, it should be a message for body and spirit. To really live, according to all the rules, the definitive teaching is: be joyous."
In 1936, Martin was approached by Maurice Tailliandier (1873-1951), out-going deputy of the second electorate of Pas-de-Calais (Arras), where he belonged to the Republicain et social group. He asked her to prepare documents for his political campaign. She accepted the work, in the name of support given by her father to Henri Tailliandier, Maurice's father, who had been deputy in the same electorate from 1885-1910.
In 1938 Marietta Martin prepared a collection of her poems, Adieu temps (Farewell, time) that was published posthumously in 1947.
Resistance worker
Shortly after the beginning of the war, Marietta Martini became part of the Réseau Hector, an important intelligence and combat group in the Zone Nord, the northern and western part of France under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II.
She joined La France Continue, a resistance movement in France which between 1941 and 1942 published an underground newspaper with the same name. Her bedroom in the rue de l'Assomption in Paris (16 th arrondissement) became the editorial office of the newspaper. Others who worked in this movement included Henri and Annie de Montfort, Paul Petit, Émile Coornaert, Suzanne Feingold and Raymond Burgard.
Twelve issues of the newspaper were published between 1941 and 1942. Marietta Martin wrote articles for the newspaper, and delivered copies by bicycle in Paris. She also sent out several thousand copies by post.
La France Continue was distributed by a group led by Robert Guédon. In February 1942, the group was shut down by Geheime Feldpolizei, the German secret military police. Paul Petit, Raymond Burgard and Marietta Martin were taken in the same raid. The military police searched Marietta Martin's room on the night of 7 to 8 February 1942 and seized a document with the title "Avec de Gaulle, avec l'Angleterre" (With de Gaulle, with England). In a judgement in 1943, it was described as a fairly long political article, written by her and reworked several times. The German authorities would have put it in a safe place, but it has never been found.
Marietta Martin was accused of writing and circulating clandestine publications and of being an activist in the Libération Nationale movement of Henri Frenay and Robert Guédon. She was imprisoned in La Santé Prison in Paris, and then deported to Germany 16 March 1942, where she stayed in eight successive penitentiary establishments. Along with Paul Petit and Raymond Burgard, she was condemned to death on 16 October 1943 by the People's Court (Germany) (Volksgerichtshof) of Saarbrücken for complicity with the enemy.
In prison in Cologne awaiting execution, she was cared for by fellow prisoner and Resistance worker Gilberte Bonneau du Martray. Other Resistance workers in the prison at that time included Elizabeth Dussauze, Jane Sivadon, Hélène Vautrin and Odile Kienlen. Because of bombardments, Marietta Martin was transferred, on a stretcher because of weakness, to Frankfurt. She died there on 11 November 1944. In 1949, her body was repatriated to Paris where she was buried with military honours in the Clichy cemetery.
Honours and recognition
On 18 April 1946 Mariette Martin was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de guerre. On 26 August 1947, she was cited for the order of the army corps. She was made a sub-lieutenant of Free France (Forces françaises combattantes, France Libre).
Marietta Martin is included among the 157 writers whose names are cited in the Panthéon in Paris as having died for France during the war 1939-1945.
In the 16th arrondissement in Paris there as a commemorative plaque for her at 34 rue de l'Assomption, and a street in the same arrondissement bears her name.
== References ==
|
native language
|
{
"answer_start": [
34
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"text": [
"French"
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|
Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of La France Continue, a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into Ici Paris.
Early years and education
Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras (Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais, and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris.After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing the piano and the violin. She travelled in several countries, and had long stays in Poland, where she lived with her sister and her brother-in-law, Adam Rosé, a diplomat and minister. Her travels inspired her to write an essay on Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin.In 1925, under the guidance of thesis supervisor Fernand Baldensperger, she presented her thesis for the degree of doctor of comparative literature. Its subject was the life and work of David Ferdinand Koreff, a German doctor whose connections included some notable French writers.
Writer
Suffering from lung disease, Marietta Martin spent several years between 1927 and 1931 in Switzerland, in a sanatorium in Leysin in the Canton of Vaud.
In 1933, her first literary work was published, Histoires du paradis (Stories of Paradise).In a letter written from Switzerland, she summarised her thought: "If a message has to be sent around the world, it shouldn't be based on suffering, that would increase suffering; it would be a false message. If it is a message for the earth, it should be a message for body and spirit. To really live, according to all the rules, the definitive teaching is: be joyous."
In 1936, Martin was approached by Maurice Tailliandier (1873-1951), out-going deputy of the second electorate of Pas-de-Calais (Arras), where he belonged to the Republicain et social group. He asked her to prepare documents for his political campaign. She accepted the work, in the name of support given by her father to Henri Tailliandier, Maurice's father, who had been deputy in the same electorate from 1885-1910.
In 1938 Marietta Martin prepared a collection of her poems, Adieu temps (Farewell, time) that was published posthumously in 1947.
Resistance worker
Shortly after the beginning of the war, Marietta Martini became part of the Réseau Hector, an important intelligence and combat group in the Zone Nord, the northern and western part of France under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II.
She joined La France Continue, a resistance movement in France which between 1941 and 1942 published an underground newspaper with the same name. Her bedroom in the rue de l'Assomption in Paris (16 th arrondissement) became the editorial office of the newspaper. Others who worked in this movement included Henri and Annie de Montfort, Paul Petit, Émile Coornaert, Suzanne Feingold and Raymond Burgard.
Twelve issues of the newspaper were published between 1941 and 1942. Marietta Martin wrote articles for the newspaper, and delivered copies by bicycle in Paris. She also sent out several thousand copies by post.
La France Continue was distributed by a group led by Robert Guédon. In February 1942, the group was shut down by Geheime Feldpolizei, the German secret military police. Paul Petit, Raymond Burgard and Marietta Martin were taken in the same raid. The military police searched Marietta Martin's room on the night of 7 to 8 February 1942 and seized a document with the title "Avec de Gaulle, avec l'Angleterre" (With de Gaulle, with England). In a judgement in 1943, it was described as a fairly long political article, written by her and reworked several times. The German authorities would have put it in a safe place, but it has never been found.
Marietta Martin was accused of writing and circulating clandestine publications and of being an activist in the Libération Nationale movement of Henri Frenay and Robert Guédon. She was imprisoned in La Santé Prison in Paris, and then deported to Germany 16 March 1942, where she stayed in eight successive penitentiary establishments. Along with Paul Petit and Raymond Burgard, she was condemned to death on 16 October 1943 by the People's Court (Germany) (Volksgerichtshof) of Saarbrücken for complicity with the enemy.
In prison in Cologne awaiting execution, she was cared for by fellow prisoner and Resistance worker Gilberte Bonneau du Martray. Other Resistance workers in the prison at that time included Elizabeth Dussauze, Jane Sivadon, Hélène Vautrin and Odile Kienlen. Because of bombardments, Marietta Martin was transferred, on a stretcher because of weakness, to Frankfurt. She died there on 11 November 1944. In 1949, her body was repatriated to Paris where she was buried with military honours in the Clichy cemetery.
Honours and recognition
On 18 April 1946 Mariette Martin was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de guerre. On 26 August 1947, she was cited for the order of the army corps. She was made a sub-lieutenant of Free France (Forces françaises combattantes, France Libre).
Marietta Martin is included among the 157 writers whose names are cited in the Panthéon in Paris as having died for France during the war 1939-1945.
In the 16th arrondissement in Paris there as a commemorative plaque for her at 34 rue de l'Assomption, and a street in the same arrondissement bears her name.
== References ==
|
occupation
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{
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"text": [
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Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of La France Continue, a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into Ici Paris.
Early years and education
Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras (Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais, and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris.After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing the piano and the violin. She travelled in several countries, and had long stays in Poland, where she lived with her sister and her brother-in-law, Adam Rosé, a diplomat and minister. Her travels inspired her to write an essay on Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin.In 1925, under the guidance of thesis supervisor Fernand Baldensperger, she presented her thesis for the degree of doctor of comparative literature. Its subject was the life and work of David Ferdinand Koreff, a German doctor whose connections included some notable French writers.
Writer
Suffering from lung disease, Marietta Martin spent several years between 1927 and 1931 in Switzerland, in a sanatorium in Leysin in the Canton of Vaud.
In 1933, her first literary work was published, Histoires du paradis (Stories of Paradise).In a letter written from Switzerland, she summarised her thought: "If a message has to be sent around the world, it shouldn't be based on suffering, that would increase suffering; it would be a false message. If it is a message for the earth, it should be a message for body and spirit. To really live, according to all the rules, the definitive teaching is: be joyous."
In 1936, Martin was approached by Maurice Tailliandier (1873-1951), out-going deputy of the second electorate of Pas-de-Calais (Arras), where he belonged to the Republicain et social group. He asked her to prepare documents for his political campaign. She accepted the work, in the name of support given by her father to Henri Tailliandier, Maurice's father, who had been deputy in the same electorate from 1885-1910.
In 1938 Marietta Martin prepared a collection of her poems, Adieu temps (Farewell, time) that was published posthumously in 1947.
Resistance worker
Shortly after the beginning of the war, Marietta Martini became part of the Réseau Hector, an important intelligence and combat group in the Zone Nord, the northern and western part of France under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II.
She joined La France Continue, a resistance movement in France which between 1941 and 1942 published an underground newspaper with the same name. Her bedroom in the rue de l'Assomption in Paris (16 th arrondissement) became the editorial office of the newspaper. Others who worked in this movement included Henri and Annie de Montfort, Paul Petit, Émile Coornaert, Suzanne Feingold and Raymond Burgard.
Twelve issues of the newspaper were published between 1941 and 1942. Marietta Martin wrote articles for the newspaper, and delivered copies by bicycle in Paris. She also sent out several thousand copies by post.
La France Continue was distributed by a group led by Robert Guédon. In February 1942, the group was shut down by Geheime Feldpolizei, the German secret military police. Paul Petit, Raymond Burgard and Marietta Martin were taken in the same raid. The military police searched Marietta Martin's room on the night of 7 to 8 February 1942 and seized a document with the title "Avec de Gaulle, avec l'Angleterre" (With de Gaulle, with England). In a judgement in 1943, it was described as a fairly long political article, written by her and reworked several times. The German authorities would have put it in a safe place, but it has never been found.
Marietta Martin was accused of writing and circulating clandestine publications and of being an activist in the Libération Nationale movement of Henri Frenay and Robert Guédon. She was imprisoned in La Santé Prison in Paris, and then deported to Germany 16 March 1942, where she stayed in eight successive penitentiary establishments. Along with Paul Petit and Raymond Burgard, she was condemned to death on 16 October 1943 by the People's Court (Germany) (Volksgerichtshof) of Saarbrücken for complicity with the enemy.
In prison in Cologne awaiting execution, she was cared for by fellow prisoner and Resistance worker Gilberte Bonneau du Martray. Other Resistance workers in the prison at that time included Elizabeth Dussauze, Jane Sivadon, Hélène Vautrin and Odile Kienlen. Because of bombardments, Marietta Martin was transferred, on a stretcher because of weakness, to Frankfurt. She died there on 11 November 1944. In 1949, her body was repatriated to Paris where she was buried with military honours in the Clichy cemetery.
Honours and recognition
On 18 April 1946 Mariette Martin was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de guerre. On 26 August 1947, she was cited for the order of the army corps. She was made a sub-lieutenant of Free France (Forces françaises combattantes, France Libre).
Marietta Martin is included among the 157 writers whose names are cited in the Panthéon in Paris as having died for France during the war 1939-1945.
In the 16th arrondissement in Paris there as a commemorative plaque for her at 34 rue de l'Assomption, and a street in the same arrondissement bears her name.
== References ==
|
doctoral advisor
|
{
"answer_start": [
1278
],
"text": [
"Fernand Baldensperger"
]
}
|
Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of La France Continue, a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into Ici Paris.
Early years and education
Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras (Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais, and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris.After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing the piano and the violin. She travelled in several countries, and had long stays in Poland, where she lived with her sister and her brother-in-law, Adam Rosé, a diplomat and minister. Her travels inspired her to write an essay on Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin.In 1925, under the guidance of thesis supervisor Fernand Baldensperger, she presented her thesis for the degree of doctor of comparative literature. Its subject was the life and work of David Ferdinand Koreff, a German doctor whose connections included some notable French writers.
Writer
Suffering from lung disease, Marietta Martin spent several years between 1927 and 1931 in Switzerland, in a sanatorium in Leysin in the Canton of Vaud.
In 1933, her first literary work was published, Histoires du paradis (Stories of Paradise).In a letter written from Switzerland, she summarised her thought: "If a message has to be sent around the world, it shouldn't be based on suffering, that would increase suffering; it would be a false message. If it is a message for the earth, it should be a message for body and spirit. To really live, according to all the rules, the definitive teaching is: be joyous."
In 1936, Martin was approached by Maurice Tailliandier (1873-1951), out-going deputy of the second electorate of Pas-de-Calais (Arras), where he belonged to the Republicain et social group. He asked her to prepare documents for his political campaign. She accepted the work, in the name of support given by her father to Henri Tailliandier, Maurice's father, who had been deputy in the same electorate from 1885-1910.
In 1938 Marietta Martin prepared a collection of her poems, Adieu temps (Farewell, time) that was published posthumously in 1947.
Resistance worker
Shortly after the beginning of the war, Marietta Martini became part of the Réseau Hector, an important intelligence and combat group in the Zone Nord, the northern and western part of France under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II.
She joined La France Continue, a resistance movement in France which between 1941 and 1942 published an underground newspaper with the same name. Her bedroom in the rue de l'Assomption in Paris (16 th arrondissement) became the editorial office of the newspaper. Others who worked in this movement included Henri and Annie de Montfort, Paul Petit, Émile Coornaert, Suzanne Feingold and Raymond Burgard.
Twelve issues of the newspaper were published between 1941 and 1942. Marietta Martin wrote articles for the newspaper, and delivered copies by bicycle in Paris. She also sent out several thousand copies by post.
La France Continue was distributed by a group led by Robert Guédon. In February 1942, the group was shut down by Geheime Feldpolizei, the German secret military police. Paul Petit, Raymond Burgard and Marietta Martin were taken in the same raid. The military police searched Marietta Martin's room on the night of 7 to 8 February 1942 and seized a document with the title "Avec de Gaulle, avec l'Angleterre" (With de Gaulle, with England). In a judgement in 1943, it was described as a fairly long political article, written by her and reworked several times. The German authorities would have put it in a safe place, but it has never been found.
Marietta Martin was accused of writing and circulating clandestine publications and of being an activist in the Libération Nationale movement of Henri Frenay and Robert Guédon. She was imprisoned in La Santé Prison in Paris, and then deported to Germany 16 March 1942, where she stayed in eight successive penitentiary establishments. Along with Paul Petit and Raymond Burgard, she was condemned to death on 16 October 1943 by the People's Court (Germany) (Volksgerichtshof) of Saarbrücken for complicity with the enemy.
In prison in Cologne awaiting execution, she was cared for by fellow prisoner and Resistance worker Gilberte Bonneau du Martray. Other Resistance workers in the prison at that time included Elizabeth Dussauze, Jane Sivadon, Hélène Vautrin and Odile Kienlen. Because of bombardments, Marietta Martin was transferred, on a stretcher because of weakness, to Frankfurt. She died there on 11 November 1944. In 1949, her body was repatriated to Paris where she was buried with military honours in the Clichy cemetery.
Honours and recognition
On 18 April 1946 Mariette Martin was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de guerre. On 26 August 1947, she was cited for the order of the army corps. She was made a sub-lieutenant of Free France (Forces françaises combattantes, France Libre).
Marietta Martin is included among the 157 writers whose names are cited in the Panthéon in Paris as having died for France during the war 1939-1945.
In the 16th arrondissement in Paris there as a commemorative plaque for her at 34 rue de l'Assomption, and a street in the same arrondissement bears her name.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"Marietta Martin"
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|
Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of La France Continue, a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into Ici Paris.
Early years and education
Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras (Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais, and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris.After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing the piano and the violin. She travelled in several countries, and had long stays in Poland, where she lived with her sister and her brother-in-law, Adam Rosé, a diplomat and minister. Her travels inspired her to write an essay on Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin.In 1925, under the guidance of thesis supervisor Fernand Baldensperger, she presented her thesis for the degree of doctor of comparative literature. Its subject was the life and work of David Ferdinand Koreff, a German doctor whose connections included some notable French writers.
Writer
Suffering from lung disease, Marietta Martin spent several years between 1927 and 1931 in Switzerland, in a sanatorium in Leysin in the Canton of Vaud.
In 1933, her first literary work was published, Histoires du paradis (Stories of Paradise).In a letter written from Switzerland, she summarised her thought: "If a message has to be sent around the world, it shouldn't be based on suffering, that would increase suffering; it would be a false message. If it is a message for the earth, it should be a message for body and spirit. To really live, according to all the rules, the definitive teaching is: be joyous."
In 1936, Martin was approached by Maurice Tailliandier (1873-1951), out-going deputy of the second electorate of Pas-de-Calais (Arras), where he belonged to the Republicain et social group. He asked her to prepare documents for his political campaign. She accepted the work, in the name of support given by her father to Henri Tailliandier, Maurice's father, who had been deputy in the same electorate from 1885-1910.
In 1938 Marietta Martin prepared a collection of her poems, Adieu temps (Farewell, time) that was published posthumously in 1947.
Resistance worker
Shortly after the beginning of the war, Marietta Martini became part of the Réseau Hector, an important intelligence and combat group in the Zone Nord, the northern and western part of France under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II.
She joined La France Continue, a resistance movement in France which between 1941 and 1942 published an underground newspaper with the same name. Her bedroom in the rue de l'Assomption in Paris (16 th arrondissement) became the editorial office of the newspaper. Others who worked in this movement included Henri and Annie de Montfort, Paul Petit, Émile Coornaert, Suzanne Feingold and Raymond Burgard.
Twelve issues of the newspaper were published between 1941 and 1942. Marietta Martin wrote articles for the newspaper, and delivered copies by bicycle in Paris. She also sent out several thousand copies by post.
La France Continue was distributed by a group led by Robert Guédon. In February 1942, the group was shut down by Geheime Feldpolizei, the German secret military police. Paul Petit, Raymond Burgard and Marietta Martin were taken in the same raid. The military police searched Marietta Martin's room on the night of 7 to 8 February 1942 and seized a document with the title "Avec de Gaulle, avec l'Angleterre" (With de Gaulle, with England). In a judgement in 1943, it was described as a fairly long political article, written by her and reworked several times. The German authorities would have put it in a safe place, but it has never been found.
Marietta Martin was accused of writing and circulating clandestine publications and of being an activist in the Libération Nationale movement of Henri Frenay and Robert Guédon. She was imprisoned in La Santé Prison in Paris, and then deported to Germany 16 March 1942, where she stayed in eight successive penitentiary establishments. Along with Paul Petit and Raymond Burgard, she was condemned to death on 16 October 1943 by the People's Court (Germany) (Volksgerichtshof) of Saarbrücken for complicity with the enemy.
In prison in Cologne awaiting execution, she was cared for by fellow prisoner and Resistance worker Gilberte Bonneau du Martray. Other Resistance workers in the prison at that time included Elizabeth Dussauze, Jane Sivadon, Hélène Vautrin and Odile Kienlen. Because of bombardments, Marietta Martin was transferred, on a stretcher because of weakness, to Frankfurt. She died there on 11 November 1944. In 1949, her body was repatriated to Paris where she was buried with military honours in the Clichy cemetery.
Honours and recognition
On 18 April 1946 Mariette Martin was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de guerre. On 26 August 1947, she was cited for the order of the army corps. She was made a sub-lieutenant of Free France (Forces françaises combattantes, France Libre).
Marietta Martin is included among the 157 writers whose names are cited in the Panthéon in Paris as having died for France during the war 1939-1945.
In the 16th arrondissement in Paris there as a commemorative plaque for her at 34 rue de l'Assomption, and a street in the same arrondissement bears her name.
== References ==
|
conflict
|
{
"answer_start": [
2959
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"World War II"
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Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of La France Continue, a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into Ici Paris.
Early years and education
Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras (Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais, and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris.After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing the piano and the violin. She travelled in several countries, and had long stays in Poland, where she lived with her sister and her brother-in-law, Adam Rosé, a diplomat and minister. Her travels inspired her to write an essay on Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin.In 1925, under the guidance of thesis supervisor Fernand Baldensperger, she presented her thesis for the degree of doctor of comparative literature. Its subject was the life and work of David Ferdinand Koreff, a German doctor whose connections included some notable French writers.
Writer
Suffering from lung disease, Marietta Martin spent several years between 1927 and 1931 in Switzerland, in a sanatorium in Leysin in the Canton of Vaud.
In 1933, her first literary work was published, Histoires du paradis (Stories of Paradise).In a letter written from Switzerland, she summarised her thought: "If a message has to be sent around the world, it shouldn't be based on suffering, that would increase suffering; it would be a false message. If it is a message for the earth, it should be a message for body and spirit. To really live, according to all the rules, the definitive teaching is: be joyous."
In 1936, Martin was approached by Maurice Tailliandier (1873-1951), out-going deputy of the second electorate of Pas-de-Calais (Arras), where he belonged to the Republicain et social group. He asked her to prepare documents for his political campaign. She accepted the work, in the name of support given by her father to Henri Tailliandier, Maurice's father, who had been deputy in the same electorate from 1885-1910.
In 1938 Marietta Martin prepared a collection of her poems, Adieu temps (Farewell, time) that was published posthumously in 1947.
Resistance worker
Shortly after the beginning of the war, Marietta Martini became part of the Réseau Hector, an important intelligence and combat group in the Zone Nord, the northern and western part of France under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II.
She joined La France Continue, a resistance movement in France which between 1941 and 1942 published an underground newspaper with the same name. Her bedroom in the rue de l'Assomption in Paris (16 th arrondissement) became the editorial office of the newspaper. Others who worked in this movement included Henri and Annie de Montfort, Paul Petit, Émile Coornaert, Suzanne Feingold and Raymond Burgard.
Twelve issues of the newspaper were published between 1941 and 1942. Marietta Martin wrote articles for the newspaper, and delivered copies by bicycle in Paris. She also sent out several thousand copies by post.
La France Continue was distributed by a group led by Robert Guédon. In February 1942, the group was shut down by Geheime Feldpolizei, the German secret military police. Paul Petit, Raymond Burgard and Marietta Martin were taken in the same raid. The military police searched Marietta Martin's room on the night of 7 to 8 February 1942 and seized a document with the title "Avec de Gaulle, avec l'Angleterre" (With de Gaulle, with England). In a judgement in 1943, it was described as a fairly long political article, written by her and reworked several times. The German authorities would have put it in a safe place, but it has never been found.
Marietta Martin was accused of writing and circulating clandestine publications and of being an activist in the Libération Nationale movement of Henri Frenay and Robert Guédon. She was imprisoned in La Santé Prison in Paris, and then deported to Germany 16 March 1942, where she stayed in eight successive penitentiary establishments. Along with Paul Petit and Raymond Burgard, she was condemned to death on 16 October 1943 by the People's Court (Germany) (Volksgerichtshof) of Saarbrücken for complicity with the enemy.
In prison in Cologne awaiting execution, she was cared for by fellow prisoner and Resistance worker Gilberte Bonneau du Martray. Other Resistance workers in the prison at that time included Elizabeth Dussauze, Jane Sivadon, Hélène Vautrin and Odile Kienlen. Because of bombardments, Marietta Martin was transferred, on a stretcher because of weakness, to Frankfurt. She died there on 11 November 1944. In 1949, her body was repatriated to Paris where she was buried with military honours in the Clichy cemetery.
Honours and recognition
On 18 April 1946 Mariette Martin was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de guerre. On 26 August 1947, she was cited for the order of the army corps. She was made a sub-lieutenant of Free France (Forces françaises combattantes, France Libre).
Marietta Martin is included among the 157 writers whose names are cited in the Panthéon in Paris as having died for France during the war 1939-1945.
In the 16th arrondissement in Paris there as a commemorative plaque for her at 34 rue de l'Assomption, and a street in the same arrondissement bears her name.
== References ==
|
family name
|
{
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9
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"text": [
"Martin"
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|
Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of La France Continue, a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into Ici Paris.
Early years and education
Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras (Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais, and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris.After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing the piano and the violin. She travelled in several countries, and had long stays in Poland, where she lived with her sister and her brother-in-law, Adam Rosé, a diplomat and minister. Her travels inspired her to write an essay on Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin.In 1925, under the guidance of thesis supervisor Fernand Baldensperger, she presented her thesis for the degree of doctor of comparative literature. Its subject was the life and work of David Ferdinand Koreff, a German doctor whose connections included some notable French writers.
Writer
Suffering from lung disease, Marietta Martin spent several years between 1927 and 1931 in Switzerland, in a sanatorium in Leysin in the Canton of Vaud.
In 1933, her first literary work was published, Histoires du paradis (Stories of Paradise).In a letter written from Switzerland, she summarised her thought: "If a message has to be sent around the world, it shouldn't be based on suffering, that would increase suffering; it would be a false message. If it is a message for the earth, it should be a message for body and spirit. To really live, according to all the rules, the definitive teaching is: be joyous."
In 1936, Martin was approached by Maurice Tailliandier (1873-1951), out-going deputy of the second electorate of Pas-de-Calais (Arras), where he belonged to the Republicain et social group. He asked her to prepare documents for his political campaign. She accepted the work, in the name of support given by her father to Henri Tailliandier, Maurice's father, who had been deputy in the same electorate from 1885-1910.
In 1938 Marietta Martin prepared a collection of her poems, Adieu temps (Farewell, time) that was published posthumously in 1947.
Resistance worker
Shortly after the beginning of the war, Marietta Martini became part of the Réseau Hector, an important intelligence and combat group in the Zone Nord, the northern and western part of France under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II.
She joined La France Continue, a resistance movement in France which between 1941 and 1942 published an underground newspaper with the same name. Her bedroom in the rue de l'Assomption in Paris (16 th arrondissement) became the editorial office of the newspaper. Others who worked in this movement included Henri and Annie de Montfort, Paul Petit, Émile Coornaert, Suzanne Feingold and Raymond Burgard.
Twelve issues of the newspaper were published between 1941 and 1942. Marietta Martin wrote articles for the newspaper, and delivered copies by bicycle in Paris. She also sent out several thousand copies by post.
La France Continue was distributed by a group led by Robert Guédon. In February 1942, the group was shut down by Geheime Feldpolizei, the German secret military police. Paul Petit, Raymond Burgard and Marietta Martin were taken in the same raid. The military police searched Marietta Martin's room on the night of 7 to 8 February 1942 and seized a document with the title "Avec de Gaulle, avec l'Angleterre" (With de Gaulle, with England). In a judgement in 1943, it was described as a fairly long political article, written by her and reworked several times. The German authorities would have put it in a safe place, but it has never been found.
Marietta Martin was accused of writing and circulating clandestine publications and of being an activist in the Libération Nationale movement of Henri Frenay and Robert Guédon. She was imprisoned in La Santé Prison in Paris, and then deported to Germany 16 March 1942, where she stayed in eight successive penitentiary establishments. Along with Paul Petit and Raymond Burgard, she was condemned to death on 16 October 1943 by the People's Court (Germany) (Volksgerichtshof) of Saarbrücken for complicity with the enemy.
In prison in Cologne awaiting execution, she was cared for by fellow prisoner and Resistance worker Gilberte Bonneau du Martray. Other Resistance workers in the prison at that time included Elizabeth Dussauze, Jane Sivadon, Hélène Vautrin and Odile Kienlen. Because of bombardments, Marietta Martin was transferred, on a stretcher because of weakness, to Frankfurt. She died there on 11 November 1944. In 1949, her body was repatriated to Paris where she was buried with military honours in the Clichy cemetery.
Honours and recognition
On 18 April 1946 Mariette Martin was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de guerre. On 26 August 1947, she was cited for the order of the army corps. She was made a sub-lieutenant of Free France (Forces françaises combattantes, France Libre).
Marietta Martin is included among the 157 writers whose names are cited in the Panthéon in Paris as having died for France during the war 1939-1945.
In the 16th arrondissement in Paris there as a commemorative plaque for her at 34 rue de l'Assomption, and a street in the same arrondissement bears her name.
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
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"Marietta"
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|
Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of La France Continue, a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into Ici Paris.
Early years and education
Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras (Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais, and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris.After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing the piano and the violin. She travelled in several countries, and had long stays in Poland, where she lived with her sister and her brother-in-law, Adam Rosé, a diplomat and minister. Her travels inspired her to write an essay on Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin.In 1925, under the guidance of thesis supervisor Fernand Baldensperger, she presented her thesis for the degree of doctor of comparative literature. Its subject was the life and work of David Ferdinand Koreff, a German doctor whose connections included some notable French writers.
Writer
Suffering from lung disease, Marietta Martin spent several years between 1927 and 1931 in Switzerland, in a sanatorium in Leysin in the Canton of Vaud.
In 1933, her first literary work was published, Histoires du paradis (Stories of Paradise).In a letter written from Switzerland, she summarised her thought: "If a message has to be sent around the world, it shouldn't be based on suffering, that would increase suffering; it would be a false message. If it is a message for the earth, it should be a message for body and spirit. To really live, according to all the rules, the definitive teaching is: be joyous."
In 1936, Martin was approached by Maurice Tailliandier (1873-1951), out-going deputy of the second electorate of Pas-de-Calais (Arras), where he belonged to the Republicain et social group. He asked her to prepare documents for his political campaign. She accepted the work, in the name of support given by her father to Henri Tailliandier, Maurice's father, who had been deputy in the same electorate from 1885-1910.
In 1938 Marietta Martin prepared a collection of her poems, Adieu temps (Farewell, time) that was published posthumously in 1947.
Resistance worker
Shortly after the beginning of the war, Marietta Martini became part of the Réseau Hector, an important intelligence and combat group in the Zone Nord, the northern and western part of France under the German military administration in occupied France during World War II.
She joined La France Continue, a resistance movement in France which between 1941 and 1942 published an underground newspaper with the same name. Her bedroom in the rue de l'Assomption in Paris (16 th arrondissement) became the editorial office of the newspaper. Others who worked in this movement included Henri and Annie de Montfort, Paul Petit, Émile Coornaert, Suzanne Feingold and Raymond Burgard.
Twelve issues of the newspaper were published between 1941 and 1942. Marietta Martin wrote articles for the newspaper, and delivered copies by bicycle in Paris. She also sent out several thousand copies by post.
La France Continue was distributed by a group led by Robert Guédon. In February 1942, the group was shut down by Geheime Feldpolizei, the German secret military police. Paul Petit, Raymond Burgard and Marietta Martin were taken in the same raid. The military police searched Marietta Martin's room on the night of 7 to 8 February 1942 and seized a document with the title "Avec de Gaulle, avec l'Angleterre" (With de Gaulle, with England). In a judgement in 1943, it was described as a fairly long political article, written by her and reworked several times. The German authorities would have put it in a safe place, but it has never been found.
Marietta Martin was accused of writing and circulating clandestine publications and of being an activist in the Libération Nationale movement of Henri Frenay and Robert Guédon. She was imprisoned in La Santé Prison in Paris, and then deported to Germany 16 March 1942, where she stayed in eight successive penitentiary establishments. Along with Paul Petit and Raymond Burgard, she was condemned to death on 16 October 1943 by the People's Court (Germany) (Volksgerichtshof) of Saarbrücken for complicity with the enemy.
In prison in Cologne awaiting execution, she was cared for by fellow prisoner and Resistance worker Gilberte Bonneau du Martray. Other Resistance workers in the prison at that time included Elizabeth Dussauze, Jane Sivadon, Hélène Vautrin and Odile Kienlen. Because of bombardments, Marietta Martin was transferred, on a stretcher because of weakness, to Frankfurt. She died there on 11 November 1944. In 1949, her body was repatriated to Paris where she was buried with military honours in the Clichy cemetery.
Honours and recognition
On 18 April 1946 Mariette Martin was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de guerre. On 26 August 1947, she was cited for the order of the army corps. She was made a sub-lieutenant of Free France (Forces françaises combattantes, France Libre).
Marietta Martin is included among the 157 writers whose names are cited in the Panthéon in Paris as having died for France during the war 1939-1945.
In the 16th arrondissement in Paris there as a commemorative plaque for her at 34 rue de l'Assomption, and a street in the same arrondissement bears her name.
== References ==
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
34
],
"text": [
"French"
]
}
|
Ankle fusion, or ankle arthrodesis, is surgery of the ankle to fuse the bones to treat arthritis and for other purposes. There are different types of ankle fusion surgery. The surgery involves the use of screws, plates, medical nails, and other hardware to achieve bone union. Ankle fusion is considered to be the gold standard for treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. It trades joint mobility for relief from pain. Complications may include infection, non-union, and, rarely, amputation.
Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis
Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis is a special type of ankle fusion. It is used in select situations, for instance as a salvage therapy in severe complicated cases or in other situations. One major approach to TTC arthrodesis uses an intramedullary (IM) medical nail. A 2011 systematic review reported the rate of bone union to be 87%, with a range of 74 to 93% in different studies. The average time to union was 4.5 months. Only 26% of cases of non-union required revision fusion, with the remaining cases being asymptomatic or not being severe enough to require revision. It was concluded that the nail can oftentimes provide structural support and relief from pain even without union. The complication rate was 56%, with hardware-related problems comprising a majority of complications. The rate of reoperation was 22%, with screw removal done in 11.4%, nail removal done in 4.2%, revision fusion done in 3.4%, and amputation in 1.5%. The review concluded that there is a good fusion rate with TTC arthrodesis using an IM nail but that the surgery has a high rate of complications. On the other hand, a 2016 review concluded that there was a low rate of complications.
See also
Ankle replacement
== References ==
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ankle fusion"
]
}
|
George H. Capron (July 27, 1886 – October 1972) was an American football and baseball player.
Capron played football and baseball for the University of Minnesota from 1907 to 1908. In 1907, the Minnesota football team scored only 55 points, and "Capron accounted for 44 of them with dropkicked field goals at four points each." He was selected as a third-team All-American by Walter Camp at the end of the 1907 season.Late in his career at the University of Minnesota, Capron became involved in a controversy over his eligibility when reports surfaced that he had played professional baseball under a false name. Capron later admitted that he played baseball under the name Robb at Meridian, Mississippi in 1908 and at Mattoon, Illinois in 1907. From 1909 to 1910, Capron played two years of professional baseball in the Northwestern League. In 1909, he played 155 games as the left fielder for the Seattle Turks, compiling 164 hits, 27 doubles, 8 triples, 15 home runs, and a .275 batting average. In 1910, he played 35 games for the Vancouver Beavers though his batting average dropped to .207.He also played professional football in the early days of the professional game in the 1910s. He resided in Fresno, California in his later years.
See also
1907 College Football All-America Team
== References ==
|
educated at
|
{
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"University of Minnesota"
]
}
|
George H. Capron (July 27, 1886 – October 1972) was an American football and baseball player.
Capron played football and baseball for the University of Minnesota from 1907 to 1908. In 1907, the Minnesota football team scored only 55 points, and "Capron accounted for 44 of them with dropkicked field goals at four points each." He was selected as a third-team All-American by Walter Camp at the end of the 1907 season.Late in his career at the University of Minnesota, Capron became involved in a controversy over his eligibility when reports surfaced that he had played professional baseball under a false name. Capron later admitted that he played baseball under the name Robb at Meridian, Mississippi in 1908 and at Mattoon, Illinois in 1907. From 1909 to 1910, Capron played two years of professional baseball in the Northwestern League. In 1909, he played 155 games as the left fielder for the Seattle Turks, compiling 164 hits, 27 doubles, 8 triples, 15 home runs, and a .275 batting average. In 1910, he played 35 games for the Vancouver Beavers though his batting average dropped to .207.He also played professional football in the early days of the professional game in the 1910s. He resided in Fresno, California in his later years.
See also
1907 College Football All-America Team
== References ==
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"baseball player"
]
}
|
George H. Capron (July 27, 1886 – October 1972) was an American football and baseball player.
Capron played football and baseball for the University of Minnesota from 1907 to 1908. In 1907, the Minnesota football team scored only 55 points, and "Capron accounted for 44 of them with dropkicked field goals at four points each." He was selected as a third-team All-American by Walter Camp at the end of the 1907 season.Late in his career at the University of Minnesota, Capron became involved in a controversy over his eligibility when reports surfaced that he had played professional baseball under a false name. Capron later admitted that he played baseball under the name Robb at Meridian, Mississippi in 1908 and at Mattoon, Illinois in 1907. From 1909 to 1910, Capron played two years of professional baseball in the Northwestern League. In 1909, he played 155 games as the left fielder for the Seattle Turks, compiling 164 hits, 27 doubles, 8 triples, 15 home runs, and a .275 batting average. In 1910, he played 35 games for the Vancouver Beavers though his batting average dropped to .207.He also played professional football in the early days of the professional game in the 1910s. He resided in Fresno, California in his later years.
See also
1907 College Football All-America Team
== References ==
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"American football"
]
}
|
George H. Capron (July 27, 1886 – October 1972) was an American football and baseball player.
Capron played football and baseball for the University of Minnesota from 1907 to 1908. In 1907, the Minnesota football team scored only 55 points, and "Capron accounted for 44 of them with dropkicked field goals at four points each." He was selected as a third-team All-American by Walter Camp at the end of the 1907 season.Late in his career at the University of Minnesota, Capron became involved in a controversy over his eligibility when reports surfaced that he had played professional baseball under a false name. Capron later admitted that he played baseball under the name Robb at Meridian, Mississippi in 1908 and at Mattoon, Illinois in 1907. From 1909 to 1910, Capron played two years of professional baseball in the Northwestern League. In 1909, he played 155 games as the left fielder for the Seattle Turks, compiling 164 hits, 27 doubles, 8 triples, 15 home runs, and a .275 batting average. In 1910, he played 35 games for the Vancouver Beavers though his batting average dropped to .207.He also played professional football in the early days of the professional game in the 1910s. He resided in Fresno, California in his later years.
See also
1907 College Football All-America Team
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"George"
]
}
|
Guam competed at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary from 14 July to 30 July.
Swimming
Guam has received a Universality invitation from FINA to send a maximum of four swimmers (two men and two women) to the World Championships.
== References ==
|
participant in
|
{
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"2017 World Aquatics Championships"
]
}
|
Guam competed at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary from 14 July to 30 July.
Swimming
Guam has received a Universality invitation from FINA to send a maximum of four swimmers (two men and two women) to the World Championships.
== References ==
|
country for sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Guam"
]
}
|
Murau (German: [ˈmuːʁaʊ̯]) is a town in the western part of the Austrian federal state of Styria. It is the administrative seat of Murau District.
Geography
The historic town is located in mountainous Upper Styria in the valley of the Mur river between the Lower Tauern range and the Gurktal Alps. The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Laßnitz-Lambrecht, Murau proper and Sankt Egidi, as well as the former independent municipalities of Laßnitz bei Murau, Stolzalpe and Triebendorf which were incorporated in the course of a 2015 administrative reform. Murau currently has a population of 3,688.
The town's economy largely depends on tourism, especially in the nearby Kreischberg ski resort. It is also known for its brewing tradition (Murauer Bier) documented since the 15th century. Murau station is a stop on the narrow-gauge Mur Valley Railway (Murtalbahn), running along the Mur river from Unzmarkt up to Mauterndorf in Salzburg.
History
The area was already settled in the Bronze Age through the Roman Era. Based on an entry in the Tabula Peutingeriana the ancient city of Noreia, capital of the Celtic kingdom Noricum, was thought to be near Murau in the late 18th and the 19th century. However, no archaeological evidence has been found so far.
Murowe itself, centre of the Styrian estates in the Mur valley held by the noble Liechtenstein family, was first mentioned in a 1250 deed. The famous minnesinger Ulrich von Liechtenstein (d. 1275) from nearby Frauenburg had a castle erected at Murau which was again demolished when the Bohemian king Ottokar II occupied the Styrian lands upon his victory at Kressenbrunn in 1260. Ulrich had to cede his estates to the king and was temporarily arrested in Moravia.
The Liechtenstein estates were restored, when Ottokar was defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. Ulrich's son Otto had the Gothic parish church of St Matthew's with its characteristic crossing tower built from 1284, it was consecrated by the Lavant bishop in 1296. The Murau citizens were vested with town privileges in 1298, whereafter the town was fortified and significantly enlarged.
From 1480 to 1490, the town was occupied by the Hungarian forces of King Matthias Corvinus. The Liechtensteins held Murau until the late 16th century. From 1623 onwards, it was a possession of the House of Schwarzenberg who had Murau Castle rebuilt in its present Renaissance style. The present owner is Karel Schwarzenberg.
During World War II a camp of the Wehrmacht armed forces was located here, in which captured British prisoners of war were held enthralled. At the end of the war in May 1945, local groups of resistance fighters freed eight remaining POWs and successfully led the approaching Red Army forces to believe that the town was already occupied by the British.
Population
Events
The Murtalbahn steam train is a historic part of the town, as well as one of its tourist attractions. Murau is also known for its annual Samson parades on August 15.
Since 2002, the annual festival Shakespeare in Styria presents productions of Shakespeare plays in the town's Festival Hall, in the Courtyard of the Murau Castle as well as at the Domenig Pavillon in the park of the town. The festival was founded in 2002 by British born theatre manager Nicholas Allen and Austrian writer Rudolph J. Wojta. Each year it presents another play performed by young actors and actresses from all over Europe directed by experienced British directors. In the early years of the festivals performances were in English. Since 2013 productions are performed in German and directed by Nicholas Allen and US-American sword-master Roberta Brown. Since the summer of 2016, the festival has been based at St. Lambrecht Abbey, some 14 kilometres from Murau and no performance have taken place in Murau.
Politics
Seats in the town's assembly (Stadtrat) as of 2015 local elections:
Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 15
Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 3
Forum für Murau (Independent): 1
The Greens – The Green Alternative: 1
Twin towns — sister cities
Murau is twinned with:
Fagagna, Italy
Notable people
Willi Egger (1932–2008), Nordic combined skier
Brunner & Brunner (born 1955 and 1958 resp.), pop duo
Klaus Ofner (born 1968), Nordic combined skier
References
External links
murau.steiermark.at (German)
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"Austria"
]
}
|
Murau (German: [ˈmuːʁaʊ̯]) is a town in the western part of the Austrian federal state of Styria. It is the administrative seat of Murau District.
Geography
The historic town is located in mountainous Upper Styria in the valley of the Mur river between the Lower Tauern range and the Gurktal Alps. The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Laßnitz-Lambrecht, Murau proper and Sankt Egidi, as well as the former independent municipalities of Laßnitz bei Murau, Stolzalpe and Triebendorf which were incorporated in the course of a 2015 administrative reform. Murau currently has a population of 3,688.
The town's economy largely depends on tourism, especially in the nearby Kreischberg ski resort. It is also known for its brewing tradition (Murauer Bier) documented since the 15th century. Murau station is a stop on the narrow-gauge Mur Valley Railway (Murtalbahn), running along the Mur river from Unzmarkt up to Mauterndorf in Salzburg.
History
The area was already settled in the Bronze Age through the Roman Era. Based on an entry in the Tabula Peutingeriana the ancient city of Noreia, capital of the Celtic kingdom Noricum, was thought to be near Murau in the late 18th and the 19th century. However, no archaeological evidence has been found so far.
Murowe itself, centre of the Styrian estates in the Mur valley held by the noble Liechtenstein family, was first mentioned in a 1250 deed. The famous minnesinger Ulrich von Liechtenstein (d. 1275) from nearby Frauenburg had a castle erected at Murau which was again demolished when the Bohemian king Ottokar II occupied the Styrian lands upon his victory at Kressenbrunn in 1260. Ulrich had to cede his estates to the king and was temporarily arrested in Moravia.
The Liechtenstein estates were restored, when Ottokar was defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. Ulrich's son Otto had the Gothic parish church of St Matthew's with its characteristic crossing tower built from 1284, it was consecrated by the Lavant bishop in 1296. The Murau citizens were vested with town privileges in 1298, whereafter the town was fortified and significantly enlarged.
From 1480 to 1490, the town was occupied by the Hungarian forces of King Matthias Corvinus. The Liechtensteins held Murau until the late 16th century. From 1623 onwards, it was a possession of the House of Schwarzenberg who had Murau Castle rebuilt in its present Renaissance style. The present owner is Karel Schwarzenberg.
During World War II a camp of the Wehrmacht armed forces was located here, in which captured British prisoners of war were held enthralled. At the end of the war in May 1945, local groups of resistance fighters freed eight remaining POWs and successfully led the approaching Red Army forces to believe that the town was already occupied by the British.
Population
Events
The Murtalbahn steam train is a historic part of the town, as well as one of its tourist attractions. Murau is also known for its annual Samson parades on August 15.
Since 2002, the annual festival Shakespeare in Styria presents productions of Shakespeare plays in the town's Festival Hall, in the Courtyard of the Murau Castle as well as at the Domenig Pavillon in the park of the town. The festival was founded in 2002 by British born theatre manager Nicholas Allen and Austrian writer Rudolph J. Wojta. Each year it presents another play performed by young actors and actresses from all over Europe directed by experienced British directors. In the early years of the festivals performances were in English. Since 2013 productions are performed in German and directed by Nicholas Allen and US-American sword-master Roberta Brown. Since the summer of 2016, the festival has been based at St. Lambrecht Abbey, some 14 kilometres from Murau and no performance have taken place in Murau.
Politics
Seats in the town's assembly (Stadtrat) as of 2015 local elections:
Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 15
Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 3
Forum für Murau (Independent): 1
The Greens – The Green Alternative: 1
Twin towns — sister cities
Murau is twinned with:
Fagagna, Italy
Notable people
Willi Egger (1932–2008), Nordic combined skier
Brunner & Brunner (born 1955 and 1958 resp.), pop duo
Klaus Ofner (born 1968), Nordic combined skier
References
External links
murau.steiermark.at (German)
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"Styria"
]
}
|
Murau (German: [ˈmuːʁaʊ̯]) is a town in the western part of the Austrian federal state of Styria. It is the administrative seat of Murau District.
Geography
The historic town is located in mountainous Upper Styria in the valley of the Mur river between the Lower Tauern range and the Gurktal Alps. The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Laßnitz-Lambrecht, Murau proper and Sankt Egidi, as well as the former independent municipalities of Laßnitz bei Murau, Stolzalpe and Triebendorf which were incorporated in the course of a 2015 administrative reform. Murau currently has a population of 3,688.
The town's economy largely depends on tourism, especially in the nearby Kreischberg ski resort. It is also known for its brewing tradition (Murauer Bier) documented since the 15th century. Murau station is a stop on the narrow-gauge Mur Valley Railway (Murtalbahn), running along the Mur river from Unzmarkt up to Mauterndorf in Salzburg.
History
The area was already settled in the Bronze Age through the Roman Era. Based on an entry in the Tabula Peutingeriana the ancient city of Noreia, capital of the Celtic kingdom Noricum, was thought to be near Murau in the late 18th and the 19th century. However, no archaeological evidence has been found so far.
Murowe itself, centre of the Styrian estates in the Mur valley held by the noble Liechtenstein family, was first mentioned in a 1250 deed. The famous minnesinger Ulrich von Liechtenstein (d. 1275) from nearby Frauenburg had a castle erected at Murau which was again demolished when the Bohemian king Ottokar II occupied the Styrian lands upon his victory at Kressenbrunn in 1260. Ulrich had to cede his estates to the king and was temporarily arrested in Moravia.
The Liechtenstein estates were restored, when Ottokar was defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. Ulrich's son Otto had the Gothic parish church of St Matthew's with its characteristic crossing tower built from 1284, it was consecrated by the Lavant bishop in 1296. The Murau citizens were vested with town privileges in 1298, whereafter the town was fortified and significantly enlarged.
From 1480 to 1490, the town was occupied by the Hungarian forces of King Matthias Corvinus. The Liechtensteins held Murau until the late 16th century. From 1623 onwards, it was a possession of the House of Schwarzenberg who had Murau Castle rebuilt in its present Renaissance style. The present owner is Karel Schwarzenberg.
During World War II a camp of the Wehrmacht armed forces was located here, in which captured British prisoners of war were held enthralled. At the end of the war in May 1945, local groups of resistance fighters freed eight remaining POWs and successfully led the approaching Red Army forces to believe that the town was already occupied by the British.
Population
Events
The Murtalbahn steam train is a historic part of the town, as well as one of its tourist attractions. Murau is also known for its annual Samson parades on August 15.
Since 2002, the annual festival Shakespeare in Styria presents productions of Shakespeare plays in the town's Festival Hall, in the Courtyard of the Murau Castle as well as at the Domenig Pavillon in the park of the town. The festival was founded in 2002 by British born theatre manager Nicholas Allen and Austrian writer Rudolph J. Wojta. Each year it presents another play performed by young actors and actresses from all over Europe directed by experienced British directors. In the early years of the festivals performances were in English. Since 2013 productions are performed in German and directed by Nicholas Allen and US-American sword-master Roberta Brown. Since the summer of 2016, the festival has been based at St. Lambrecht Abbey, some 14 kilometres from Murau and no performance have taken place in Murau.
Politics
Seats in the town's assembly (Stadtrat) as of 2015 local elections:
Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 15
Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 3
Forum für Murau (Independent): 1
The Greens – The Green Alternative: 1
Twin towns — sister cities
Murau is twinned with:
Fagagna, Italy
Notable people
Willi Egger (1932–2008), Nordic combined skier
Brunner & Brunner (born 1955 and 1958 resp.), pop duo
Klaus Ofner (born 1968), Nordic combined skier
References
External links
murau.steiermark.at (German)
|
located in or next to body of water
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Mur"
]
}
|
Murau (German: [ˈmuːʁaʊ̯]) is a town in the western part of the Austrian federal state of Styria. It is the administrative seat of Murau District.
Geography
The historic town is located in mountainous Upper Styria in the valley of the Mur river between the Lower Tauern range and the Gurktal Alps. The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Laßnitz-Lambrecht, Murau proper and Sankt Egidi, as well as the former independent municipalities of Laßnitz bei Murau, Stolzalpe and Triebendorf which were incorporated in the course of a 2015 administrative reform. Murau currently has a population of 3,688.
The town's economy largely depends on tourism, especially in the nearby Kreischberg ski resort. It is also known for its brewing tradition (Murauer Bier) documented since the 15th century. Murau station is a stop on the narrow-gauge Mur Valley Railway (Murtalbahn), running along the Mur river from Unzmarkt up to Mauterndorf in Salzburg.
History
The area was already settled in the Bronze Age through the Roman Era. Based on an entry in the Tabula Peutingeriana the ancient city of Noreia, capital of the Celtic kingdom Noricum, was thought to be near Murau in the late 18th and the 19th century. However, no archaeological evidence has been found so far.
Murowe itself, centre of the Styrian estates in the Mur valley held by the noble Liechtenstein family, was first mentioned in a 1250 deed. The famous minnesinger Ulrich von Liechtenstein (d. 1275) from nearby Frauenburg had a castle erected at Murau which was again demolished when the Bohemian king Ottokar II occupied the Styrian lands upon his victory at Kressenbrunn in 1260. Ulrich had to cede his estates to the king and was temporarily arrested in Moravia.
The Liechtenstein estates were restored, when Ottokar was defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. Ulrich's son Otto had the Gothic parish church of St Matthew's with its characteristic crossing tower built from 1284, it was consecrated by the Lavant bishop in 1296. The Murau citizens were vested with town privileges in 1298, whereafter the town was fortified and significantly enlarged.
From 1480 to 1490, the town was occupied by the Hungarian forces of King Matthias Corvinus. The Liechtensteins held Murau until the late 16th century. From 1623 onwards, it was a possession of the House of Schwarzenberg who had Murau Castle rebuilt in its present Renaissance style. The present owner is Karel Schwarzenberg.
During World War II a camp of the Wehrmacht armed forces was located here, in which captured British prisoners of war were held enthralled. At the end of the war in May 1945, local groups of resistance fighters freed eight remaining POWs and successfully led the approaching Red Army forces to believe that the town was already occupied by the British.
Population
Events
The Murtalbahn steam train is a historic part of the town, as well as one of its tourist attractions. Murau is also known for its annual Samson parades on August 15.
Since 2002, the annual festival Shakespeare in Styria presents productions of Shakespeare plays in the town's Festival Hall, in the Courtyard of the Murau Castle as well as at the Domenig Pavillon in the park of the town. The festival was founded in 2002 by British born theatre manager Nicholas Allen and Austrian writer Rudolph J. Wojta. Each year it presents another play performed by young actors and actresses from all over Europe directed by experienced British directors. In the early years of the festivals performances were in English. Since 2013 productions are performed in German and directed by Nicholas Allen and US-American sword-master Roberta Brown. Since the summer of 2016, the festival has been based at St. Lambrecht Abbey, some 14 kilometres from Murau and no performance have taken place in Murau.
Politics
Seats in the town's assembly (Stadtrat) as of 2015 local elections:
Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 15
Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 3
Forum für Murau (Independent): 1
The Greens – The Green Alternative: 1
Twin towns — sister cities
Murau is twinned with:
Fagagna, Italy
Notable people
Willi Egger (1932–2008), Nordic combined skier
Brunner & Brunner (born 1955 and 1958 resp.), pop duo
Klaus Ofner (born 1968), Nordic combined skier
References
External links
murau.steiermark.at (German)
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Murau"
]
}
|
Murau (German: [ˈmuːʁaʊ̯]) is a town in the western part of the Austrian federal state of Styria. It is the administrative seat of Murau District.
Geography
The historic town is located in mountainous Upper Styria in the valley of the Mur river between the Lower Tauern range and the Gurktal Alps. The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Laßnitz-Lambrecht, Murau proper and Sankt Egidi, as well as the former independent municipalities of Laßnitz bei Murau, Stolzalpe and Triebendorf which were incorporated in the course of a 2015 administrative reform. Murau currently has a population of 3,688.
The town's economy largely depends on tourism, especially in the nearby Kreischberg ski resort. It is also known for its brewing tradition (Murauer Bier) documented since the 15th century. Murau station is a stop on the narrow-gauge Mur Valley Railway (Murtalbahn), running along the Mur river from Unzmarkt up to Mauterndorf in Salzburg.
History
The area was already settled in the Bronze Age through the Roman Era. Based on an entry in the Tabula Peutingeriana the ancient city of Noreia, capital of the Celtic kingdom Noricum, was thought to be near Murau in the late 18th and the 19th century. However, no archaeological evidence has been found so far.
Murowe itself, centre of the Styrian estates in the Mur valley held by the noble Liechtenstein family, was first mentioned in a 1250 deed. The famous minnesinger Ulrich von Liechtenstein (d. 1275) from nearby Frauenburg had a castle erected at Murau which was again demolished when the Bohemian king Ottokar II occupied the Styrian lands upon his victory at Kressenbrunn in 1260. Ulrich had to cede his estates to the king and was temporarily arrested in Moravia.
The Liechtenstein estates were restored, when Ottokar was defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. Ulrich's son Otto had the Gothic parish church of St Matthew's with its characteristic crossing tower built from 1284, it was consecrated by the Lavant bishop in 1296. The Murau citizens were vested with town privileges in 1298, whereafter the town was fortified and significantly enlarged.
From 1480 to 1490, the town was occupied by the Hungarian forces of King Matthias Corvinus. The Liechtensteins held Murau until the late 16th century. From 1623 onwards, it was a possession of the House of Schwarzenberg who had Murau Castle rebuilt in its present Renaissance style. The present owner is Karel Schwarzenberg.
During World War II a camp of the Wehrmacht armed forces was located here, in which captured British prisoners of war were held enthralled. At the end of the war in May 1945, local groups of resistance fighters freed eight remaining POWs and successfully led the approaching Red Army forces to believe that the town was already occupied by the British.
Population
Events
The Murtalbahn steam train is a historic part of the town, as well as one of its tourist attractions. Murau is also known for its annual Samson parades on August 15.
Since 2002, the annual festival Shakespeare in Styria presents productions of Shakespeare plays in the town's Festival Hall, in the Courtyard of the Murau Castle as well as at the Domenig Pavillon in the park of the town. The festival was founded in 2002 by British born theatre manager Nicholas Allen and Austrian writer Rudolph J. Wojta. Each year it presents another play performed by young actors and actresses from all over Europe directed by experienced British directors. In the early years of the festivals performances were in English. Since 2013 productions are performed in German and directed by Nicholas Allen and US-American sword-master Roberta Brown. Since the summer of 2016, the festival has been based at St. Lambrecht Abbey, some 14 kilometres from Murau and no performance have taken place in Murau.
Politics
Seats in the town's assembly (Stadtrat) as of 2015 local elections:
Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 15
Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 3
Forum für Murau (Independent): 1
The Greens – The Green Alternative: 1
Twin towns — sister cities
Murau is twinned with:
Fagagna, Italy
Notable people
Willi Egger (1932–2008), Nordic combined skier
Brunner & Brunner (born 1955 and 1958 resp.), pop duo
Klaus Ofner (born 1968), Nordic combined skier
References
External links
murau.steiermark.at (German)
|
official name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Murau"
]
}
|
Murau (German: [ˈmuːʁaʊ̯]) is a town in the western part of the Austrian federal state of Styria. It is the administrative seat of Murau District.
Geography
The historic town is located in mountainous Upper Styria in the valley of the Mur river between the Lower Tauern range and the Gurktal Alps. The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Laßnitz-Lambrecht, Murau proper and Sankt Egidi, as well as the former independent municipalities of Laßnitz bei Murau, Stolzalpe and Triebendorf which were incorporated in the course of a 2015 administrative reform. Murau currently has a population of 3,688.
The town's economy largely depends on tourism, especially in the nearby Kreischberg ski resort. It is also known for its brewing tradition (Murauer Bier) documented since the 15th century. Murau station is a stop on the narrow-gauge Mur Valley Railway (Murtalbahn), running along the Mur river from Unzmarkt up to Mauterndorf in Salzburg.
History
The area was already settled in the Bronze Age through the Roman Era. Based on an entry in the Tabula Peutingeriana the ancient city of Noreia, capital of the Celtic kingdom Noricum, was thought to be near Murau in the late 18th and the 19th century. However, no archaeological evidence has been found so far.
Murowe itself, centre of the Styrian estates in the Mur valley held by the noble Liechtenstein family, was first mentioned in a 1250 deed. The famous minnesinger Ulrich von Liechtenstein (d. 1275) from nearby Frauenburg had a castle erected at Murau which was again demolished when the Bohemian king Ottokar II occupied the Styrian lands upon his victory at Kressenbrunn in 1260. Ulrich had to cede his estates to the king and was temporarily arrested in Moravia.
The Liechtenstein estates were restored, when Ottokar was defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. Ulrich's son Otto had the Gothic parish church of St Matthew's with its characteristic crossing tower built from 1284, it was consecrated by the Lavant bishop in 1296. The Murau citizens were vested with town privileges in 1298, whereafter the town was fortified and significantly enlarged.
From 1480 to 1490, the town was occupied by the Hungarian forces of King Matthias Corvinus. The Liechtensteins held Murau until the late 16th century. From 1623 onwards, it was a possession of the House of Schwarzenberg who had Murau Castle rebuilt in its present Renaissance style. The present owner is Karel Schwarzenberg.
During World War II a camp of the Wehrmacht armed forces was located here, in which captured British prisoners of war were held enthralled. At the end of the war in May 1945, local groups of resistance fighters freed eight remaining POWs and successfully led the approaching Red Army forces to believe that the town was already occupied by the British.
Population
Events
The Murtalbahn steam train is a historic part of the town, as well as one of its tourist attractions. Murau is also known for its annual Samson parades on August 15.
Since 2002, the annual festival Shakespeare in Styria presents productions of Shakespeare plays in the town's Festival Hall, in the Courtyard of the Murau Castle as well as at the Domenig Pavillon in the park of the town. The festival was founded in 2002 by British born theatre manager Nicholas Allen and Austrian writer Rudolph J. Wojta. Each year it presents another play performed by young actors and actresses from all over Europe directed by experienced British directors. In the early years of the festivals performances were in English. Since 2013 productions are performed in German and directed by Nicholas Allen and US-American sword-master Roberta Brown. Since the summer of 2016, the festival has been based at St. Lambrecht Abbey, some 14 kilometres from Murau and no performance have taken place in Murau.
Politics
Seats in the town's assembly (Stadtrat) as of 2015 local elections:
Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 15
Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 3
Forum für Murau (Independent): 1
The Greens – The Green Alternative: 1
Twin towns — sister cities
Murau is twinned with:
Fagagna, Italy
Notable people
Willi Egger (1932–2008), Nordic combined skier
Brunner & Brunner (born 1955 and 1958 resp.), pop duo
Klaus Ofner (born 1968), Nordic combined skier
References
External links
murau.steiermark.at (German)
|
native label
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Murau"
]
}
|
Murau (German: [ˈmuːʁaʊ̯]) is a town in the western part of the Austrian federal state of Styria. It is the administrative seat of Murau District.
Geography
The historic town is located in mountainous Upper Styria in the valley of the Mur river between the Lower Tauern range and the Gurktal Alps. The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Laßnitz-Lambrecht, Murau proper and Sankt Egidi, as well as the former independent municipalities of Laßnitz bei Murau, Stolzalpe and Triebendorf which were incorporated in the course of a 2015 administrative reform. Murau currently has a population of 3,688.
The town's economy largely depends on tourism, especially in the nearby Kreischberg ski resort. It is also known for its brewing tradition (Murauer Bier) documented since the 15th century. Murau station is a stop on the narrow-gauge Mur Valley Railway (Murtalbahn), running along the Mur river from Unzmarkt up to Mauterndorf in Salzburg.
History
The area was already settled in the Bronze Age through the Roman Era. Based on an entry in the Tabula Peutingeriana the ancient city of Noreia, capital of the Celtic kingdom Noricum, was thought to be near Murau in the late 18th and the 19th century. However, no archaeological evidence has been found so far.
Murowe itself, centre of the Styrian estates in the Mur valley held by the noble Liechtenstein family, was first mentioned in a 1250 deed. The famous minnesinger Ulrich von Liechtenstein (d. 1275) from nearby Frauenburg had a castle erected at Murau which was again demolished when the Bohemian king Ottokar II occupied the Styrian lands upon his victory at Kressenbrunn in 1260. Ulrich had to cede his estates to the king and was temporarily arrested in Moravia.
The Liechtenstein estates were restored, when Ottokar was defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. Ulrich's son Otto had the Gothic parish church of St Matthew's with its characteristic crossing tower built from 1284, it was consecrated by the Lavant bishop in 1296. The Murau citizens were vested with town privileges in 1298, whereafter the town was fortified and significantly enlarged.
From 1480 to 1490, the town was occupied by the Hungarian forces of King Matthias Corvinus. The Liechtensteins held Murau until the late 16th century. From 1623 onwards, it was a possession of the House of Schwarzenberg who had Murau Castle rebuilt in its present Renaissance style. The present owner is Karel Schwarzenberg.
During World War II a camp of the Wehrmacht armed forces was located here, in which captured British prisoners of war were held enthralled. At the end of the war in May 1945, local groups of resistance fighters freed eight remaining POWs and successfully led the approaching Red Army forces to believe that the town was already occupied by the British.
Population
Events
The Murtalbahn steam train is a historic part of the town, as well as one of its tourist attractions. Murau is also known for its annual Samson parades on August 15.
Since 2002, the annual festival Shakespeare in Styria presents productions of Shakespeare plays in the town's Festival Hall, in the Courtyard of the Murau Castle as well as at the Domenig Pavillon in the park of the town. The festival was founded in 2002 by British born theatre manager Nicholas Allen and Austrian writer Rudolph J. Wojta. Each year it presents another play performed by young actors and actresses from all over Europe directed by experienced British directors. In the early years of the festivals performances were in English. Since 2013 productions are performed in German and directed by Nicholas Allen and US-American sword-master Roberta Brown. Since the summer of 2016, the festival has been based at St. Lambrecht Abbey, some 14 kilometres from Murau and no performance have taken place in Murau.
Politics
Seats in the town's assembly (Stadtrat) as of 2015 local elections:
Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 15
Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 3
Forum für Murau (Independent): 1
The Greens – The Green Alternative: 1
Twin towns — sister cities
Murau is twinned with:
Fagagna, Italy
Notable people
Willi Egger (1932–2008), Nordic combined skier
Brunner & Brunner (born 1955 and 1958 resp.), pop duo
Klaus Ofner (born 1968), Nordic combined skier
References
External links
murau.steiermark.at (German)
|
elevation above sea level
|
{
"answer_start": [
1404
],
"text": [
"1250"
]
}
|
HMS LST 3002 was one of the first of her class of tank landing ship (LST). She had a short but interesting career which demonstrated the robustness of the design and construction of her class of ship.
She was built at Swan Hunter's yard on the Tyne and commissioned in August 1945 after acceptance trials. She sailed from the Tyne through the Pentland Firth to the Gareloch, encountering and sinking a floating contact mine on the way. She took aboard stores at Roseneath and worked up off the Clyde during September. She sailed for the Far East independently.
She left Suez at 0600 on 9 December. After passing through the Suez Canal into the Gulf of Suez with a cargo of Scammel tank transporters, she was rammed in calm conditions at 0028 on 10 December, by the Victory ship, SS Poland Victory, about 120 miles (190 km) south of Suez. She was struck just about midships causing a hole about 44 ft (13 m) wide on the upper deck and 32 ft (9.8 m) wide at the keel and cutting the LST almost in two, leaving just about 10 ft (3.0 m) to hold her together. One of the ship's boats was damaged in the collision and the other seemed reluctant to yield to gravity. The crew of the LST abandoned ship, being taken aboard Poland Victory by rope ladder while she held position embedded in the LST. One crew member lost his life in the accident. He was Able Seaman Keith Larcombe and is buried in the Suez War Memorial Cemetery.
LST 3002 was still afloat next morning and a skeleton crew re-boarded her. The rest of the crew were carried off by Poland Victory. The Algerine-class minesweeper HMS Maenad attended until the Royal Fleet Auxiliary ships Prince Salvor and Salvage Duke took the LST in tow slowly back to Port Taufiq (or Tewfik) arriving there of the afternoon of 12 December. There, she was dry docked in the small shipyard for temporary repairs, the skeleton crew remaining on board.
Repairs included fitting great strongback girders straddling the hole and plating over the gap. Now seaworthy again, but still showing signs of injury, in July 1946 she sailed to Dockyard Creek, Valletta Harbour, Malta to complete the repairs in dry dock. Repairs completed in September 1946, she returned home, calling in at Gibraltar on the way, paying off pennant flying boldly. She was decommissioned at Roseneath in November 1946.
This incident put the reputation of the LST (Large Slow Target) to be virtually unsinkable to a severe test. Much of the shock of the collision was taken by the tank transporters without which this LST would have been cut in two. Remarkably, the two parts of the partially severed vessel sailed comfortably together, thanks no doubt to the excellence of the design and construction, but also to the skill with which she had been ballasted.
Greek service
In April 1947, she was sold to the Greek Navy to become Aliakmon (L104). She was sold in 1971 and broken up the following year.
External links
Model of LST 3002
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"tank landing ship"
]
}
|
HMS LST 3002 was one of the first of her class of tank landing ship (LST). She had a short but interesting career which demonstrated the robustness of the design and construction of her class of ship.
She was built at Swan Hunter's yard on the Tyne and commissioned in August 1945 after acceptance trials. She sailed from the Tyne through the Pentland Firth to the Gareloch, encountering and sinking a floating contact mine on the way. She took aboard stores at Roseneath and worked up off the Clyde during September. She sailed for the Far East independently.
She left Suez at 0600 on 9 December. After passing through the Suez Canal into the Gulf of Suez with a cargo of Scammel tank transporters, she was rammed in calm conditions at 0028 on 10 December, by the Victory ship, SS Poland Victory, about 120 miles (190 km) south of Suez. She was struck just about midships causing a hole about 44 ft (13 m) wide on the upper deck and 32 ft (9.8 m) wide at the keel and cutting the LST almost in two, leaving just about 10 ft (3.0 m) to hold her together. One of the ship's boats was damaged in the collision and the other seemed reluctant to yield to gravity. The crew of the LST abandoned ship, being taken aboard Poland Victory by rope ladder while she held position embedded in the LST. One crew member lost his life in the accident. He was Able Seaman Keith Larcombe and is buried in the Suez War Memorial Cemetery.
LST 3002 was still afloat next morning and a skeleton crew re-boarded her. The rest of the crew were carried off by Poland Victory. The Algerine-class minesweeper HMS Maenad attended until the Royal Fleet Auxiliary ships Prince Salvor and Salvage Duke took the LST in tow slowly back to Port Taufiq (or Tewfik) arriving there of the afternoon of 12 December. There, she was dry docked in the small shipyard for temporary repairs, the skeleton crew remaining on board.
Repairs included fitting great strongback girders straddling the hole and plating over the gap. Now seaworthy again, but still showing signs of injury, in July 1946 she sailed to Dockyard Creek, Valletta Harbour, Malta to complete the repairs in dry dock. Repairs completed in September 1946, she returned home, calling in at Gibraltar on the way, paying off pennant flying boldly. She was decommissioned at Roseneath in November 1946.
This incident put the reputation of the LST (Large Slow Target) to be virtually unsinkable to a severe test. Much of the shock of the collision was taken by the tank transporters without which this LST would have been cut in two. Remarkably, the two parts of the partially severed vessel sailed comfortably together, thanks no doubt to the excellence of the design and construction, but also to the skill with which she had been ballasted.
Greek service
In April 1947, she was sold to the Greek Navy to become Aliakmon (L104). She was sold in 1971 and broken up the following year.
External links
Model of LST 3002
|
manufacturer
|
{
"answer_start": [
218
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"text": [
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|
Bithynia transsilvanica is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Bithyniidae.
Taxonomy
It was sometimes considered to be an eastern subspecies of Bithynia leachii, and then it was known as Bithynia leachii troschelii.
Specific epithet troschelii of its synonym is in honor of German zoologist Franz Hermann Troschel.
Distribution
Czech Republic - It was thought to be locally extinct in Moravia and was considered as regionally extinct in the Czech Republic (RE). There were rediscovered populations in southern Moravia near Lednice and from Nesyt pond in 2008. It was also discovered in Bohemia as a non-indigenous.
Slovakia
Germany - Recorded in Berlin, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony and Thuringia. It is considered as high endangered (Stark gefährdet) in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and in Lower Saxony.
Hungary
Description
Height of shell: 9–11 mm. Width of shell: 5–6 mm.
Habitat
Freshwater species.
References
External links
Falniowski A., Glöer P. & Szarowska M. (2004). "Bithynia troschelii (Paach, 1842), a giant of unknown origin?" Folia Malacologica 12(3): 137–139. PDF.
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"species"
]
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|
Bithynia transsilvanica is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Bithyniidae.
Taxonomy
It was sometimes considered to be an eastern subspecies of Bithynia leachii, and then it was known as Bithynia leachii troschelii.
Specific epithet troschelii of its synonym is in honor of German zoologist Franz Hermann Troschel.
Distribution
Czech Republic - It was thought to be locally extinct in Moravia and was considered as regionally extinct in the Czech Republic (RE). There were rediscovered populations in southern Moravia near Lednice and from Nesyt pond in 2008. It was also discovered in Bohemia as a non-indigenous.
Slovakia
Germany - Recorded in Berlin, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony and Thuringia. It is considered as high endangered (Stark gefährdet) in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and in Lower Saxony.
Hungary
Description
Height of shell: 9–11 mm. Width of shell: 5–6 mm.
Habitat
Freshwater species.
References
External links
Falniowski A., Glöer P. & Szarowska M. (2004). "Bithynia troschelii (Paach, 1842), a giant of unknown origin?" Folia Malacologica 12(3): 137–139. PDF.
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bithynia"
]
}
|
Bithynia transsilvanica is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Bithyniidae.
Taxonomy
It was sometimes considered to be an eastern subspecies of Bithynia leachii, and then it was known as Bithynia leachii troschelii.
Specific epithet troschelii of its synonym is in honor of German zoologist Franz Hermann Troschel.
Distribution
Czech Republic - It was thought to be locally extinct in Moravia and was considered as regionally extinct in the Czech Republic (RE). There were rediscovered populations in southern Moravia near Lednice and from Nesyt pond in 2008. It was also discovered in Bohemia as a non-indigenous.
Slovakia
Germany - Recorded in Berlin, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony and Thuringia. It is considered as high endangered (Stark gefährdet) in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and in Lower Saxony.
Hungary
Description
Height of shell: 9–11 mm. Width of shell: 5–6 mm.
Habitat
Freshwater species.
References
External links
Falniowski A., Glöer P. & Szarowska M. (2004). "Bithynia troschelii (Paach, 1842), a giant of unknown origin?" Folia Malacologica 12(3): 137–139. PDF.
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bithynia transsilvanica"
]
}
|
The siege of Salto occurred during the Uruguayan War, from 22 until 28 November 1864, when Brazilian forces (under Marquis of Tamandaré) and Colorado forces (under Venancio Flores) attempted to capture the city of Salto in Uruguay from its Uruguayan Army defenders.
Two Brazilian gunboats under First Lieutenant Joaquim José Pinto blockaded the town. On 24 November, Flores arrived with his troops and began the siege. Colonel José Palomeque, commander of the Uruguayan garrison, surrendered almost without firing a shot, on the afternoon of 28 November. Flores' army captured and incorporated four artillery pieces and 250 men; 300 Colorados and 150 Brazilians were left behind to occupy the town.
References
== Bibliography ==
|
country
|
{
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"Brazil"
]
}
|
The siege of Salto occurred during the Uruguayan War, from 22 until 28 November 1864, when Brazilian forces (under Marquis of Tamandaré) and Colorado forces (under Venancio Flores) attempted to capture the city of Salto in Uruguay from its Uruguayan Army defenders.
Two Brazilian gunboats under First Lieutenant Joaquim José Pinto blockaded the town. On 24 November, Flores arrived with his troops and began the siege. Colonel José Palomeque, commander of the Uruguayan garrison, surrendered almost without firing a shot, on the afternoon of 28 November. Flores' army captured and incorporated four artillery pieces and 250 men; 300 Colorados and 150 Brazilians were left behind to occupy the town.
References
== Bibliography ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"siege"
]
}
|
The siege of Salto occurred during the Uruguayan War, from 22 until 28 November 1864, when Brazilian forces (under Marquis of Tamandaré) and Colorado forces (under Venancio Flores) attempted to capture the city of Salto in Uruguay from its Uruguayan Army defenders.
Two Brazilian gunboats under First Lieutenant Joaquim José Pinto blockaded the town. On 24 November, Flores arrived with his troops and began the siege. Colonel José Palomeque, commander of the Uruguayan garrison, surrendered almost without firing a shot, on the afternoon of 28 November. Flores' army captured and incorporated four artillery pieces and 250 men; 300 Colorados and 150 Brazilians were left behind to occupy the town.
References
== Bibliography ==
|
location
|
{
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"Salto"
]
}
|
The siege of Salto occurred during the Uruguayan War, from 22 until 28 November 1864, when Brazilian forces (under Marquis of Tamandaré) and Colorado forces (under Venancio Flores) attempted to capture the city of Salto in Uruguay from its Uruguayan Army defenders.
Two Brazilian gunboats under First Lieutenant Joaquim José Pinto blockaded the town. On 24 November, Flores arrived with his troops and began the siege. Colonel José Palomeque, commander of the Uruguayan garrison, surrendered almost without firing a shot, on the afternoon of 28 November. Flores' army captured and incorporated four artillery pieces and 250 men; 300 Colorados and 150 Brazilians were left behind to occupy the town.
References
== Bibliography ==
|
part of
|
{
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"Uruguayan War"
]
}
|
Ron Hardy (May 8, 1958 – March 2, 1992) was an American, Chicago, Illinois-based DJ and record producer of early house music. He is well known for playing records at the Music Box, a Chicago house music club. Decades after his death, he is recognized for his innovative edits and mixes of disco, soul music, funk and early house music.
Early career
Hardy started his career in 1974 in Chicago's gay club Den One. Here, with a set-up of two turntables, a mixer and a reel-to-reel tape-deck, he played long nights of underground black dance music. Around 1977, he went to work in Los Angeles. At the end of 1982, when DJ Frankie Knuckles left the Warehouse to open the Power Plant, Ron Hardy DJed at the Warehouse's new location until Robert Williams renamed it "The Music Box." Producer Chip E. introduced Hardy to recording music in 1986 when the two mixed "Donnie" by The It (featuring Chip E., Larry Heard, Robert Owens, and Harri Dennis). From humble beginnings, Hardy's contributions to house music are considered influential.
Mixing style
While Frankie Knuckles at the Warehouse (and later the Power Plant) had a smooth style of playing, Hardy had less regard for sound quality and would play with a manic energy, mixing everything from classic Philadelphia disco classics, Italo disco imports to new wave, disco and rock tracks. Hardy also pitched records up way more than Knuckles (pitch being the difference between normal speed and the speed at which the record is currently playing. Usually expressed as + or -, with 8 being maximum/minimum). Techno artist Derrick May remembers hearing Hardy playing a Stevie Wonder cut with the speed at +8.Hardy's style incorporated constant tension met with release, with a pulsing narrative that enchanted the wild crowds of the Music Box. In contrast to Frankie Knuckles, Hardy's mark on house music was endless energy and using a variety of techniques to keep the audience on their toes. Most notably, when Hardy was playing at the Music Box, it was guaranteed to be loud, as evidenced by first-hand recollections of what a night there felt like: "The Music Box was so loud that anywhere in the club, the bass would physically move you-not just on the dancefloor, but anywhere in the club!" All of these factors, including Hardy's own emotional investment in the music, created an intense atmosphere on the dance floor.
Trademarks
Hardy played a lot of reel-to-reel edits and was always tweaking the soundsystem and playing with the EQ. A Ron Hardy trademark was playing a track backwards. Theo Parrish and several others have said that he did this by turning the needle upside down and putting the record on a cylinder so the needle played the underside of the record, although Stacey Collins says that he did this by using a reel-to-reel. Hardy's residence-club The Music Box was also known for its loud sound.
Favorite song selections in early 1980s
Hardy opened his nights with "Welcome to the Pleasuredome" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Among the classic disco that was a staple in Chicago clubs at the time, typical tracks one could also hear him play were Visage - "Frequency 7", Klein & MBO - "Dirty Talk", ESG - "Moody", Patrick Adams - "Big Phreek", Liquid Liquid - "Optimo", First Choice - "Let No Man Put Asunder", "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", Eurythmics - "Sweet Dreams" and Talk Talk - "It's My Life". Hardy also played electronic body music acts like Nitzer Ebb.
Beginnings of Chicago house
In the first half of the 1980s, many Chicago DJs and clubgoers started experimenting with creating their own rhythm tracks. DJs would play these homemade tracks, and subsequently, house music was born in Chicago. Hardy would often get the hottest acetates and tapes. Chicago producers, including Marshall Jefferson, Larry Heard, Adonis, Phuture's DJ Pierre and Chip E., all debuted a lot of their compositions at The Muzic Box. When DJ Pierre and his friends Herb and Spanky created a weird squelching rhythm track from a Roland TB 303 bassline machine, they gave this track to Hardy. The first time he played it, the dancers left the floor. Hardy played the track three more times that night, and by the fourth time the audience was going crazy. The track became known as "Acid Tracks", and released under the band name Phuture.Hardy played a lot of the same tracks his DJ peers in Chicago played. However his combative DJ style, loud volume, experimentation with new music and the general atmosphere of The Music Box makes him to be considered a pioneer in the house music genre. Hardy continued a successful DJ-residency at The Music Box until the end of the 1980s and quickly changed his playlist to encompass more and more house music.
Later life and death
In early 1987, Chicago passed an ordinance forcing after-hours clubs to close at the same time as bars. The Music Box was one of many casualties. After the closure of the Music Box, Hardy continued to DJ at various events around Chicago. However he battled with heroin addiction and did not manage to overcome this. He died of an AIDS-related illness on March 2, 1992.In 2004, two bootleg 12" records were released with "Ron's edits" and in 2005, Partehardy Records, run by his nephew Bill released authentic edits not heard in over 20 years. There is also another bootleg series of edits called "Music Box", containing either genuine Hardy re-edits or tributes by other DJs imitating his editing style. DJ Theo Parrish also made a series of tribute-remixes called "Ugly Edits" some of which bear a striking resemblance to Hardy's re-edits. These have been bootlegged too. Some of DJ Harvey's Black Cock edits records are tributes to Hardy's edits as well.
In addition to his DJ mixes, long-buried original productions have also come to light—among them, "Throwback 87", a collaboration between Ron Hardy and Gene Hunt.
Ron Hardy has a section dedicated to him on the second DVD of the DJ documentary Maestro.
References
Sources
Arnold, Jacob (May 18, 2015). "Ron Hardy at The Music Box". Red Bull Music Academy. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
External links
1986 set at the Muzic Box
Ron Hardy Mixes at Gridface.
Interview with Ron's Nephew at Gridface.
Interview with Music Box employee VERB at Gridface.
|
place of death
|
{
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"Chicago"
]
}
|
Ron Hardy (May 8, 1958 – March 2, 1992) was an American, Chicago, Illinois-based DJ and record producer of early house music. He is well known for playing records at the Music Box, a Chicago house music club. Decades after his death, he is recognized for his innovative edits and mixes of disco, soul music, funk and early house music.
Early career
Hardy started his career in 1974 in Chicago's gay club Den One. Here, with a set-up of two turntables, a mixer and a reel-to-reel tape-deck, he played long nights of underground black dance music. Around 1977, he went to work in Los Angeles. At the end of 1982, when DJ Frankie Knuckles left the Warehouse to open the Power Plant, Ron Hardy DJed at the Warehouse's new location until Robert Williams renamed it "The Music Box." Producer Chip E. introduced Hardy to recording music in 1986 when the two mixed "Donnie" by The It (featuring Chip E., Larry Heard, Robert Owens, and Harri Dennis). From humble beginnings, Hardy's contributions to house music are considered influential.
Mixing style
While Frankie Knuckles at the Warehouse (and later the Power Plant) had a smooth style of playing, Hardy had less regard for sound quality and would play with a manic energy, mixing everything from classic Philadelphia disco classics, Italo disco imports to new wave, disco and rock tracks. Hardy also pitched records up way more than Knuckles (pitch being the difference between normal speed and the speed at which the record is currently playing. Usually expressed as + or -, with 8 being maximum/minimum). Techno artist Derrick May remembers hearing Hardy playing a Stevie Wonder cut with the speed at +8.Hardy's style incorporated constant tension met with release, with a pulsing narrative that enchanted the wild crowds of the Music Box. In contrast to Frankie Knuckles, Hardy's mark on house music was endless energy and using a variety of techniques to keep the audience on their toes. Most notably, when Hardy was playing at the Music Box, it was guaranteed to be loud, as evidenced by first-hand recollections of what a night there felt like: "The Music Box was so loud that anywhere in the club, the bass would physically move you-not just on the dancefloor, but anywhere in the club!" All of these factors, including Hardy's own emotional investment in the music, created an intense atmosphere on the dance floor.
Trademarks
Hardy played a lot of reel-to-reel edits and was always tweaking the soundsystem and playing with the EQ. A Ron Hardy trademark was playing a track backwards. Theo Parrish and several others have said that he did this by turning the needle upside down and putting the record on a cylinder so the needle played the underside of the record, although Stacey Collins says that he did this by using a reel-to-reel. Hardy's residence-club The Music Box was also known for its loud sound.
Favorite song selections in early 1980s
Hardy opened his nights with "Welcome to the Pleasuredome" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Among the classic disco that was a staple in Chicago clubs at the time, typical tracks one could also hear him play were Visage - "Frequency 7", Klein & MBO - "Dirty Talk", ESG - "Moody", Patrick Adams - "Big Phreek", Liquid Liquid - "Optimo", First Choice - "Let No Man Put Asunder", "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", Eurythmics - "Sweet Dreams" and Talk Talk - "It's My Life". Hardy also played electronic body music acts like Nitzer Ebb.
Beginnings of Chicago house
In the first half of the 1980s, many Chicago DJs and clubgoers started experimenting with creating their own rhythm tracks. DJs would play these homemade tracks, and subsequently, house music was born in Chicago. Hardy would often get the hottest acetates and tapes. Chicago producers, including Marshall Jefferson, Larry Heard, Adonis, Phuture's DJ Pierre and Chip E., all debuted a lot of their compositions at The Muzic Box. When DJ Pierre and his friends Herb and Spanky created a weird squelching rhythm track from a Roland TB 303 bassline machine, they gave this track to Hardy. The first time he played it, the dancers left the floor. Hardy played the track three more times that night, and by the fourth time the audience was going crazy. The track became known as "Acid Tracks", and released under the band name Phuture.Hardy played a lot of the same tracks his DJ peers in Chicago played. However his combative DJ style, loud volume, experimentation with new music and the general atmosphere of The Music Box makes him to be considered a pioneer in the house music genre. Hardy continued a successful DJ-residency at The Music Box until the end of the 1980s and quickly changed his playlist to encompass more and more house music.
Later life and death
In early 1987, Chicago passed an ordinance forcing after-hours clubs to close at the same time as bars. The Music Box was one of many casualties. After the closure of the Music Box, Hardy continued to DJ at various events around Chicago. However he battled with heroin addiction and did not manage to overcome this. He died of an AIDS-related illness on March 2, 1992.In 2004, two bootleg 12" records were released with "Ron's edits" and in 2005, Partehardy Records, run by his nephew Bill released authentic edits not heard in over 20 years. There is also another bootleg series of edits called "Music Box", containing either genuine Hardy re-edits or tributes by other DJs imitating his editing style. DJ Theo Parrish also made a series of tribute-remixes called "Ugly Edits" some of which bear a striking resemblance to Hardy's re-edits. These have been bootlegged too. Some of DJ Harvey's Black Cock edits records are tributes to Hardy's edits as well.
In addition to his DJ mixes, long-buried original productions have also come to light—among them, "Throwback 87", a collaboration between Ron Hardy and Gene Hunt.
Ron Hardy has a section dedicated to him on the second DVD of the DJ documentary Maestro.
References
Sources
Arnold, Jacob (May 18, 2015). "Ron Hardy at The Music Box". Red Bull Music Academy. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
External links
1986 set at the Muzic Box
Ron Hardy Mixes at Gridface.
Interview with Ron's Nephew at Gridface.
Interview with Music Box employee VERB at Gridface.
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
88
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"text": [
"record producer"
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|
Ron Hardy (May 8, 1958 – March 2, 1992) was an American, Chicago, Illinois-based DJ and record producer of early house music. He is well known for playing records at the Music Box, a Chicago house music club. Decades after his death, he is recognized for his innovative edits and mixes of disco, soul music, funk and early house music.
Early career
Hardy started his career in 1974 in Chicago's gay club Den One. Here, with a set-up of two turntables, a mixer and a reel-to-reel tape-deck, he played long nights of underground black dance music. Around 1977, he went to work in Los Angeles. At the end of 1982, when DJ Frankie Knuckles left the Warehouse to open the Power Plant, Ron Hardy DJed at the Warehouse's new location until Robert Williams renamed it "The Music Box." Producer Chip E. introduced Hardy to recording music in 1986 when the two mixed "Donnie" by The It (featuring Chip E., Larry Heard, Robert Owens, and Harri Dennis). From humble beginnings, Hardy's contributions to house music are considered influential.
Mixing style
While Frankie Knuckles at the Warehouse (and later the Power Plant) had a smooth style of playing, Hardy had less regard for sound quality and would play with a manic energy, mixing everything from classic Philadelphia disco classics, Italo disco imports to new wave, disco and rock tracks. Hardy also pitched records up way more than Knuckles (pitch being the difference between normal speed and the speed at which the record is currently playing. Usually expressed as + or -, with 8 being maximum/minimum). Techno artist Derrick May remembers hearing Hardy playing a Stevie Wonder cut with the speed at +8.Hardy's style incorporated constant tension met with release, with a pulsing narrative that enchanted the wild crowds of the Music Box. In contrast to Frankie Knuckles, Hardy's mark on house music was endless energy and using a variety of techniques to keep the audience on their toes. Most notably, when Hardy was playing at the Music Box, it was guaranteed to be loud, as evidenced by first-hand recollections of what a night there felt like: "The Music Box was so loud that anywhere in the club, the bass would physically move you-not just on the dancefloor, but anywhere in the club!" All of these factors, including Hardy's own emotional investment in the music, created an intense atmosphere on the dance floor.
Trademarks
Hardy played a lot of reel-to-reel edits and was always tweaking the soundsystem and playing with the EQ. A Ron Hardy trademark was playing a track backwards. Theo Parrish and several others have said that he did this by turning the needle upside down and putting the record on a cylinder so the needle played the underside of the record, although Stacey Collins says that he did this by using a reel-to-reel. Hardy's residence-club The Music Box was also known for its loud sound.
Favorite song selections in early 1980s
Hardy opened his nights with "Welcome to the Pleasuredome" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Among the classic disco that was a staple in Chicago clubs at the time, typical tracks one could also hear him play were Visage - "Frequency 7", Klein & MBO - "Dirty Talk", ESG - "Moody", Patrick Adams - "Big Phreek", Liquid Liquid - "Optimo", First Choice - "Let No Man Put Asunder", "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", Eurythmics - "Sweet Dreams" and Talk Talk - "It's My Life". Hardy also played electronic body music acts like Nitzer Ebb.
Beginnings of Chicago house
In the first half of the 1980s, many Chicago DJs and clubgoers started experimenting with creating their own rhythm tracks. DJs would play these homemade tracks, and subsequently, house music was born in Chicago. Hardy would often get the hottest acetates and tapes. Chicago producers, including Marshall Jefferson, Larry Heard, Adonis, Phuture's DJ Pierre and Chip E., all debuted a lot of their compositions at The Muzic Box. When DJ Pierre and his friends Herb and Spanky created a weird squelching rhythm track from a Roland TB 303 bassline machine, they gave this track to Hardy. The first time he played it, the dancers left the floor. Hardy played the track three more times that night, and by the fourth time the audience was going crazy. The track became known as "Acid Tracks", and released under the band name Phuture.Hardy played a lot of the same tracks his DJ peers in Chicago played. However his combative DJ style, loud volume, experimentation with new music and the general atmosphere of The Music Box makes him to be considered a pioneer in the house music genre. Hardy continued a successful DJ-residency at The Music Box until the end of the 1980s and quickly changed his playlist to encompass more and more house music.
Later life and death
In early 1987, Chicago passed an ordinance forcing after-hours clubs to close at the same time as bars. The Music Box was one of many casualties. After the closure of the Music Box, Hardy continued to DJ at various events around Chicago. However he battled with heroin addiction and did not manage to overcome this. He died of an AIDS-related illness on March 2, 1992.In 2004, two bootleg 12" records were released with "Ron's edits" and in 2005, Partehardy Records, run by his nephew Bill released authentic edits not heard in over 20 years. There is also another bootleg series of edits called "Music Box", containing either genuine Hardy re-edits or tributes by other DJs imitating his editing style. DJ Theo Parrish also made a series of tribute-remixes called "Ugly Edits" some of which bear a striking resemblance to Hardy's re-edits. These have been bootlegged too. Some of DJ Harvey's Black Cock edits records are tributes to Hardy's edits as well.
In addition to his DJ mixes, long-buried original productions have also come to light—among them, "Throwback 87", a collaboration between Ron Hardy and Gene Hunt.
Ron Hardy has a section dedicated to him on the second DVD of the DJ documentary Maestro.
References
Sources
Arnold, Jacob (May 18, 2015). "Ron Hardy at The Music Box". Red Bull Music Academy. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
External links
1986 set at the Muzic Box
Ron Hardy Mixes at Gridface.
Interview with Ron's Nephew at Gridface.
Interview with Music Box employee VERB at Gridface.
|
genre
|
{
"answer_start": [
113
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"text": [
"house music"
]
}
|
Ron Hardy (May 8, 1958 – March 2, 1992) was an American, Chicago, Illinois-based DJ and record producer of early house music. He is well known for playing records at the Music Box, a Chicago house music club. Decades after his death, he is recognized for his innovative edits and mixes of disco, soul music, funk and early house music.
Early career
Hardy started his career in 1974 in Chicago's gay club Den One. Here, with a set-up of two turntables, a mixer and a reel-to-reel tape-deck, he played long nights of underground black dance music. Around 1977, he went to work in Los Angeles. At the end of 1982, when DJ Frankie Knuckles left the Warehouse to open the Power Plant, Ron Hardy DJed at the Warehouse's new location until Robert Williams renamed it "The Music Box." Producer Chip E. introduced Hardy to recording music in 1986 when the two mixed "Donnie" by The It (featuring Chip E., Larry Heard, Robert Owens, and Harri Dennis). From humble beginnings, Hardy's contributions to house music are considered influential.
Mixing style
While Frankie Knuckles at the Warehouse (and later the Power Plant) had a smooth style of playing, Hardy had less regard for sound quality and would play with a manic energy, mixing everything from classic Philadelphia disco classics, Italo disco imports to new wave, disco and rock tracks. Hardy also pitched records up way more than Knuckles (pitch being the difference between normal speed and the speed at which the record is currently playing. Usually expressed as + or -, with 8 being maximum/minimum). Techno artist Derrick May remembers hearing Hardy playing a Stevie Wonder cut with the speed at +8.Hardy's style incorporated constant tension met with release, with a pulsing narrative that enchanted the wild crowds of the Music Box. In contrast to Frankie Knuckles, Hardy's mark on house music was endless energy and using a variety of techniques to keep the audience on their toes. Most notably, when Hardy was playing at the Music Box, it was guaranteed to be loud, as evidenced by first-hand recollections of what a night there felt like: "The Music Box was so loud that anywhere in the club, the bass would physically move you-not just on the dancefloor, but anywhere in the club!" All of these factors, including Hardy's own emotional investment in the music, created an intense atmosphere on the dance floor.
Trademarks
Hardy played a lot of reel-to-reel edits and was always tweaking the soundsystem and playing with the EQ. A Ron Hardy trademark was playing a track backwards. Theo Parrish and several others have said that he did this by turning the needle upside down and putting the record on a cylinder so the needle played the underside of the record, although Stacey Collins says that he did this by using a reel-to-reel. Hardy's residence-club The Music Box was also known for its loud sound.
Favorite song selections in early 1980s
Hardy opened his nights with "Welcome to the Pleasuredome" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Among the classic disco that was a staple in Chicago clubs at the time, typical tracks one could also hear him play were Visage - "Frequency 7", Klein & MBO - "Dirty Talk", ESG - "Moody", Patrick Adams - "Big Phreek", Liquid Liquid - "Optimo", First Choice - "Let No Man Put Asunder", "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", Eurythmics - "Sweet Dreams" and Talk Talk - "It's My Life". Hardy also played electronic body music acts like Nitzer Ebb.
Beginnings of Chicago house
In the first half of the 1980s, many Chicago DJs and clubgoers started experimenting with creating their own rhythm tracks. DJs would play these homemade tracks, and subsequently, house music was born in Chicago. Hardy would often get the hottest acetates and tapes. Chicago producers, including Marshall Jefferson, Larry Heard, Adonis, Phuture's DJ Pierre and Chip E., all debuted a lot of their compositions at The Muzic Box. When DJ Pierre and his friends Herb and Spanky created a weird squelching rhythm track from a Roland TB 303 bassline machine, they gave this track to Hardy. The first time he played it, the dancers left the floor. Hardy played the track three more times that night, and by the fourth time the audience was going crazy. The track became known as "Acid Tracks", and released under the band name Phuture.Hardy played a lot of the same tracks his DJ peers in Chicago played. However his combative DJ style, loud volume, experimentation with new music and the general atmosphere of The Music Box makes him to be considered a pioneer in the house music genre. Hardy continued a successful DJ-residency at The Music Box until the end of the 1980s and quickly changed his playlist to encompass more and more house music.
Later life and death
In early 1987, Chicago passed an ordinance forcing after-hours clubs to close at the same time as bars. The Music Box was one of many casualties. After the closure of the Music Box, Hardy continued to DJ at various events around Chicago. However he battled with heroin addiction and did not manage to overcome this. He died of an AIDS-related illness on March 2, 1992.In 2004, two bootleg 12" records were released with "Ron's edits" and in 2005, Partehardy Records, run by his nephew Bill released authentic edits not heard in over 20 years. There is also another bootleg series of edits called "Music Box", containing either genuine Hardy re-edits or tributes by other DJs imitating his editing style. DJ Theo Parrish also made a series of tribute-remixes called "Ugly Edits" some of which bear a striking resemblance to Hardy's re-edits. These have been bootlegged too. Some of DJ Harvey's Black Cock edits records are tributes to Hardy's edits as well.
In addition to his DJ mixes, long-buried original productions have also come to light—among them, "Throwback 87", a collaboration between Ron Hardy and Gene Hunt.
Ron Hardy has a section dedicated to him on the second DVD of the DJ documentary Maestro.
References
Sources
Arnold, Jacob (May 18, 2015). "Ron Hardy at The Music Box". Red Bull Music Academy. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
External links
1986 set at the Muzic Box
Ron Hardy Mixes at Gridface.
Interview with Ron's Nephew at Gridface.
Interview with Music Box employee VERB at Gridface.
|
family name
|
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Ron Hardy (May 8, 1958 – March 2, 1992) was an American, Chicago, Illinois-based DJ and record producer of early house music. He is well known for playing records at the Music Box, a Chicago house music club. Decades after his death, he is recognized for his innovative edits and mixes of disco, soul music, funk and early house music.
Early career
Hardy started his career in 1974 in Chicago's gay club Den One. Here, with a set-up of two turntables, a mixer and a reel-to-reel tape-deck, he played long nights of underground black dance music. Around 1977, he went to work in Los Angeles. At the end of 1982, when DJ Frankie Knuckles left the Warehouse to open the Power Plant, Ron Hardy DJed at the Warehouse's new location until Robert Williams renamed it "The Music Box." Producer Chip E. introduced Hardy to recording music in 1986 when the two mixed "Donnie" by The It (featuring Chip E., Larry Heard, Robert Owens, and Harri Dennis). From humble beginnings, Hardy's contributions to house music are considered influential.
Mixing style
While Frankie Knuckles at the Warehouse (and later the Power Plant) had a smooth style of playing, Hardy had less regard for sound quality and would play with a manic energy, mixing everything from classic Philadelphia disco classics, Italo disco imports to new wave, disco and rock tracks. Hardy also pitched records up way more than Knuckles (pitch being the difference between normal speed and the speed at which the record is currently playing. Usually expressed as + or -, with 8 being maximum/minimum). Techno artist Derrick May remembers hearing Hardy playing a Stevie Wonder cut with the speed at +8.Hardy's style incorporated constant tension met with release, with a pulsing narrative that enchanted the wild crowds of the Music Box. In contrast to Frankie Knuckles, Hardy's mark on house music was endless energy and using a variety of techniques to keep the audience on their toes. Most notably, when Hardy was playing at the Music Box, it was guaranteed to be loud, as evidenced by first-hand recollections of what a night there felt like: "The Music Box was so loud that anywhere in the club, the bass would physically move you-not just on the dancefloor, but anywhere in the club!" All of these factors, including Hardy's own emotional investment in the music, created an intense atmosphere on the dance floor.
Trademarks
Hardy played a lot of reel-to-reel edits and was always tweaking the soundsystem and playing with the EQ. A Ron Hardy trademark was playing a track backwards. Theo Parrish and several others have said that he did this by turning the needle upside down and putting the record on a cylinder so the needle played the underside of the record, although Stacey Collins says that he did this by using a reel-to-reel. Hardy's residence-club The Music Box was also known for its loud sound.
Favorite song selections in early 1980s
Hardy opened his nights with "Welcome to the Pleasuredome" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Among the classic disco that was a staple in Chicago clubs at the time, typical tracks one could also hear him play were Visage - "Frequency 7", Klein & MBO - "Dirty Talk", ESG - "Moody", Patrick Adams - "Big Phreek", Liquid Liquid - "Optimo", First Choice - "Let No Man Put Asunder", "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", Eurythmics - "Sweet Dreams" and Talk Talk - "It's My Life". Hardy also played electronic body music acts like Nitzer Ebb.
Beginnings of Chicago house
In the first half of the 1980s, many Chicago DJs and clubgoers started experimenting with creating their own rhythm tracks. DJs would play these homemade tracks, and subsequently, house music was born in Chicago. Hardy would often get the hottest acetates and tapes. Chicago producers, including Marshall Jefferson, Larry Heard, Adonis, Phuture's DJ Pierre and Chip E., all debuted a lot of their compositions at The Muzic Box. When DJ Pierre and his friends Herb and Spanky created a weird squelching rhythm track from a Roland TB 303 bassline machine, they gave this track to Hardy. The first time he played it, the dancers left the floor. Hardy played the track three more times that night, and by the fourth time the audience was going crazy. The track became known as "Acid Tracks", and released under the band name Phuture.Hardy played a lot of the same tracks his DJ peers in Chicago played. However his combative DJ style, loud volume, experimentation with new music and the general atmosphere of The Music Box makes him to be considered a pioneer in the house music genre. Hardy continued a successful DJ-residency at The Music Box until the end of the 1980s and quickly changed his playlist to encompass more and more house music.
Later life and death
In early 1987, Chicago passed an ordinance forcing after-hours clubs to close at the same time as bars. The Music Box was one of many casualties. After the closure of the Music Box, Hardy continued to DJ at various events around Chicago. However he battled with heroin addiction and did not manage to overcome this. He died of an AIDS-related illness on March 2, 1992.In 2004, two bootleg 12" records were released with "Ron's edits" and in 2005, Partehardy Records, run by his nephew Bill released authentic edits not heard in over 20 years. There is also another bootleg series of edits called "Music Box", containing either genuine Hardy re-edits or tributes by other DJs imitating his editing style. DJ Theo Parrish also made a series of tribute-remixes called "Ugly Edits" some of which bear a striking resemblance to Hardy's re-edits. These have been bootlegged too. Some of DJ Harvey's Black Cock edits records are tributes to Hardy's edits as well.
In addition to his DJ mixes, long-buried original productions have also come to light—among them, "Throwback 87", a collaboration between Ron Hardy and Gene Hunt.
Ron Hardy has a section dedicated to him on the second DVD of the DJ documentary Maestro.
References
Sources
Arnold, Jacob (May 18, 2015). "Ron Hardy at The Music Box". Red Bull Music Academy. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
External links
1986 set at the Muzic Box
Ron Hardy Mixes at Gridface.
Interview with Ron's Nephew at Gridface.
Interview with Music Box employee VERB at Gridface.
|
given name
|
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Charles Haines may refer to:
Charles Delemere Haines (1856–1929), American businessman and Congressman
Charles Haines (priest), Dean of Ardfert
See also
Charles Haynes (disambiguation)
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family name
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{
"answer_start": [
8
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"text": [
"Haines"
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Charles Haines may refer to:
Charles Delemere Haines (1856–1929), American businessman and Congressman
Charles Haines (priest), Dean of Ardfert
See also
Charles Haynes (disambiguation)
|
given name
|
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"answer_start": [
0
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Piérnigas is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 38 inhabitants.
== References ==
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official name
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Piérnigas is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 38 inhabitants.
== References ==
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country
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Piérnigas is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 38 inhabitants.
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
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0
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Heaven Only Knows may refer to:
Heaven Only Knows (1947 film)
Heaven Only Knows (album), an album by Teddy Pendergrass
"Heaven Only Knows" (Emmylou Harris song), a 1989 song by Emmylou Harris
"Heaven Only Knows" (k-os song), a 2002 song by k-os
"Heaven Only Knows", a song by Electric Light Orchestra from their 1986 album Balance of Power
"Heaven Only Knows", a song by Richard Marx from his 1987 self-titled debut album
See also
Heaven Knows (disambiguation)
"Heaven" (John Legend song), whose opening words are "Heaven only knows"
"Only Heaven Knows", a song by Eddy Grant from Going for Broke
|
instance of
|
{
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82
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Heaven Only Knows may refer to:
Heaven Only Knows (1947 film)
Heaven Only Knows (album), an album by Teddy Pendergrass
"Heaven Only Knows" (Emmylou Harris song), a 1989 song by Emmylou Harris
"Heaven Only Knows" (k-os song), a 2002 song by k-os
"Heaven Only Knows", a song by Electric Light Orchestra from their 1986 album Balance of Power
"Heaven Only Knows", a song by Richard Marx from his 1987 self-titled debut album
See also
Heaven Knows (disambiguation)
"Heaven" (John Legend song), whose opening words are "Heaven only knows"
"Only Heaven Knows", a song by Eddy Grant from Going for Broke
|
performer
|
{
"answer_start": [
141
],
"text": [
"Emmylou Harris"
]
}
|
Heaven Only Knows may refer to:
Heaven Only Knows (1947 film)
Heaven Only Knows (album), an album by Teddy Pendergrass
"Heaven Only Knows" (Emmylou Harris song), a 1989 song by Emmylou Harris
"Heaven Only Knows" (k-os song), a 2002 song by k-os
"Heaven Only Knows", a song by Electric Light Orchestra from their 1986 album Balance of Power
"Heaven Only Knows", a song by Richard Marx from his 1987 self-titled debut album
See also
Heaven Knows (disambiguation)
"Heaven" (John Legend song), whose opening words are "Heaven only knows"
"Only Heaven Knows", a song by Eddy Grant from Going for Broke
|
title
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
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]
}
|
Fjell-Ljom (The Mountain Echo), originally spelled Fjeld-Ljom, is a local weekly Norwegian newspaper published in Røros in Sør-Trøndelag county.
Fjell-Ljom has been published since January 8, 1886. In 1979 the newspaper went into bankruptcy after losing out to its competitor Arbeidets Rett, and it stopped appearing. Thanks to local interests, the newspaper was relaunched in 1993, when it was resumed as a weekly publication. The newspaper was long associated with the Liberal Party, and it was shut down from 1943 to the end of the Second World War.
Fjell-Ljom has been associated with a number of prominent cultural figures throughout its existence, the best-known being the author Johan Falkberget. Fjell-Ljom is published by the company A/S Avisdrift, the largest shareholder of which is Arbeidets Rett. The newspaper's chief editor and general manager is Bjørn Tore Hindklev.Fjell-Ljom was previously edited and printed in facilities along the Hyttelva, the river running through the center of Røros. The newspaper and its printing press were located there for 88 years, and since 1986 the facility has been the Fjeld-Ljom Newspaper Museum.
Circulation
According to Sigurd Høst (figures for 1947–1995) and the Norwegian Audit Bureau of Circulations and National Association of Local Newspapers (figures after 2004), Fjell-Ljom has had the following annual circulation:
References
External links
Fjell-Ljom home page
|
instance of
|
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91
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|
Fjell-Ljom (The Mountain Echo), originally spelled Fjeld-Ljom, is a local weekly Norwegian newspaper published in Røros in Sør-Trøndelag county.
Fjell-Ljom has been published since January 8, 1886. In 1979 the newspaper went into bankruptcy after losing out to its competitor Arbeidets Rett, and it stopped appearing. Thanks to local interests, the newspaper was relaunched in 1993, when it was resumed as a weekly publication. The newspaper was long associated with the Liberal Party, and it was shut down from 1943 to the end of the Second World War.
Fjell-Ljom has been associated with a number of prominent cultural figures throughout its existence, the best-known being the author Johan Falkberget. Fjell-Ljom is published by the company A/S Avisdrift, the largest shareholder of which is Arbeidets Rett. The newspaper's chief editor and general manager is Bjørn Tore Hindklev.Fjell-Ljom was previously edited and printed in facilities along the Hyttelva, the river running through the center of Røros. The newspaper and its printing press were located there for 88 years, and since 1986 the facility has been the Fjeld-Ljom Newspaper Museum.
Circulation
According to Sigurd Høst (figures for 1947–1995) and the Norwegian Audit Bureau of Circulations and National Association of Local Newspapers (figures after 2004), Fjell-Ljom has had the following annual circulation:
References
External links
Fjell-Ljom home page
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Fjell-Ljom"
]
}
|
Fjell-Ljom (The Mountain Echo), originally spelled Fjeld-Ljom, is a local weekly Norwegian newspaper published in Røros in Sør-Trøndelag county.
Fjell-Ljom has been published since January 8, 1886. In 1979 the newspaper went into bankruptcy after losing out to its competitor Arbeidets Rett, and it stopped appearing. Thanks to local interests, the newspaper was relaunched in 1993, when it was resumed as a weekly publication. The newspaper was long associated with the Liberal Party, and it was shut down from 1943 to the end of the Second World War.
Fjell-Ljom has been associated with a number of prominent cultural figures throughout its existence, the best-known being the author Johan Falkberget. Fjell-Ljom is published by the company A/S Avisdrift, the largest shareholder of which is Arbeidets Rett. The newspaper's chief editor and general manager is Bjørn Tore Hindklev.Fjell-Ljom was previously edited and printed in facilities along the Hyttelva, the river running through the center of Røros. The newspaper and its printing press were located there for 88 years, and since 1986 the facility has been the Fjeld-Ljom Newspaper Museum.
Circulation
According to Sigurd Høst (figures for 1947–1995) and the Norwegian Audit Bureau of Circulations and National Association of Local Newspapers (figures after 2004), Fjell-Ljom has had the following annual circulation:
References
External links
Fjell-Ljom home page
|
Store norske leksikon ID
|
{
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0
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"Fjell-Ljom"
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Jalambadan (Persian: جلمبادان, also Romanized as Jalambādān; also known as Jolombārān) is a village in Pirakuh Rural District, in the Central District of Jowayin County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 673, in 225 families.
== References ==
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country
|
{
"answer_start": [
196
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"text": [
"Iran"
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}
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Jalambadan (Persian: جلمبادان, also Romanized as Jalambādān; also known as Jolombārān) is a village in Pirakuh Rural District, in the Central District of Jowayin County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 673, in 225 families.
== References ==
|
instance of
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92
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"village"
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Jalambadan (Persian: جلمبادان, also Romanized as Jalambādān; also known as Jolombārān) is a village in Pirakuh Rural District, in the Central District of Jowayin County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 673, in 225 families.
== References ==
|
located in the administrative territorial entity
|
{
"answer_start": [
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"Razavi Khorasan Province"
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|
Scott Rouse was the D&D Brand Manager at Wizards of the Coast, and part of the production staff for the fourth edition of Dungeons & Dragons.
Career
Scott Rouse, Brand Manager for Dungeons & Dragons at Wizards of the Coast, and D&D Licensing Manager Linae Foster created a new Open Gaming License (OGL) after the departure of its creator Ryan Dancey.: 295 On April 18, 2007, Wizards of the Coast announced that it would not be renewing Paizo Publishing's licenses for Dragon and Dungeon and Rouse stated, "Today the internet is where people go to get this kind of information. By moving to an online model we are using a delivery system that broadens our reach to fans around the world." Rouse and Foster worked on a new OGL to support the fourth edition of Dungeons & Dragons beginning in 2007, which became the Game System License by 2008.: 295 Rouse was the only remaining openly supportive employee of open gaming at Wizards of the Coast when he left the company on October 12, 2009.: 296
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
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"Scott"
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The Chicago Steel are members of the United States Hockey League, joining the league in 2000. The Steel have played their home games at Fox Valley Ice Arena in Geneva, Illinois, since 2015; previously, the team played at Edge Ice Arena in Bensenville, Illinois, from 2000 to 2015.
History
The Fargo-Moorhead Ice Sharks, founded in 1996, moved to Bensenville, Illinois, and became the Chicago Steel in 2000. In May 2015, the majority ownership of the Steel was purchased by Larry Robbins while then current owners Bruce Liimatainen and Mike Greenberg remained involved as minority owners. The announcement for the change of ownership was accompanied by a change of leadership as Ryan Bennett and Dan Muse were hired as the new general manager and head coach, respectively.On May 22, 2017, the Steel defeated the Sioux City Musketeers 2–1 in overtime of game five, finishing a 3-games-to-2 series win to claim the franchise's first Clark Cup. Head coach Dan Muse would then be hired by the National Hockey League's Nashville Predators as an assistant coach and Mark Abalan would take over as head coach of the Steel. On January 2, 2018, Abalan was let go and Ryan Cruthers was named interim head coach and assistant general manager of the Steel. During the 2018 Clark Cup playoffs, the interim tag was removed and Cruthers was named the permanent head coach, however, Cruthers would leave the team in May 2018 when the Steel hired Ryan Hardy as general manager. Greg Moore was then hired as the head coach for the 2018–19 season after previously serving as an assistant with Team USA. In 2019, Moore left to become head coach of the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League and Brock Sheahan was promoted to head coach. The Steel then won the regular season championship, the Anderson Cup, in the pandemic-shortened 2019–20 season. The Steel won a second-straight Anderson Cup in the shortened 2020–21 season and subsequently won their second Clark Cup as playoff champions.
Notable alumni
Jake Chelios, played for the Detroit Red Wings, son of Chris Chelios
Matt Clackson, former American Hockey League (AHL) player and son of Kim Clackson
Dennis Gilbert, played for the Chicago Blackhawks
Tom Gilbert, played for the Edmonton Oilers, Minnesota Wild, Florida Panthers, Montreal Canadiens, and Los Angeles Kings
Drew LeBlanc, played two games for the Chicago Blackhawks
Andrew Miller, played for the Edmonton Oilers
John Moore, played for the Columbus Blue Jackets, New York Rangers, Arizona Coyotes, New Jersey Devils, and Boston Bruins as well as an 2011 AHL All-Star
Travis Morin, played for the Dallas Stars
Jamie Oleksiak, plays for the Seattle Kraken
Danny Richmond, played for the Carolina Hurricanes and Chicago Blackhawks
Philip Samuelsson, played for Pittsburgh Penguins and Arizona Coyotes, son of Ulf Samuelsson
Jaccob Slavin, plays for the Carolina Hurricanes
Lee Sweatt, played for the Vancouver Canucks
Owen Power, 1st overall pick in the 2021 NHL draft, plays for the Buffalo Sabres
Team spirit
The team mascot is a dog named Rusty. Occasionally also seen at Steel home games is a puppy named Rascal.
Roster
As of December 24, 2022.
References
External links
Chicago Steel Hockey Team Official site
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Chicago Steel"
]
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|
Shahidi Hassas District (also called Caher Cineh - pronounced char chineh) is a district of Uruzgan Province, Afghanistan.
Government
Since 2006 government presence has gradually been reduced to a radius of five km around the district centre. In the Tagab area there has been no government presence at all since 2006.
References
External links
Map of Settlements United Nations, AIMS, May 2002
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country
|
{
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"Afghanistan"
]
}
|
Denis-Louis Destors (October 27, 1816 – 26 May 1882) was a French architect.
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"architect"
]
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|
Denis-Louis Destors (October 27, 1816 – 26 May 1882) was a French architect.
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
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"Denis-Louis Destors"
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|
Denis-Louis Destors (October 27, 1816 – 26 May 1882) was a French architect.
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
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"Denis"
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|
Denis-Louis Destors (October 27, 1816 – 26 May 1882) was a French architect.
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"French"
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}
|
Denis-Louis Destors (October 27, 1816 – 26 May 1882) was a French architect.
|
name in native language
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
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|
Akira Ishikawa (jp. 石川 晶, Ishikawa Akira) was a Japanese jazz drummer and bandleader.
Ishikawa began his music career with Shin Matsumoto and New Pacific. In the following years he toured with his own formations like Akira Miyazawa Modern Allstars and Toshio Hosaka. In later years he played with Toshiyuki Miyama and his band New Herd; in 1964/65 he recordEd with Miyamas Modern Jazz Highlights and Modern Jukebox. From the late '60s, he recorded under his own name, releasing Soul Session (1969) and The Gentures in Beat Pops (1970), with, among others, Hiromasa Suzuki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto and Masaoki Terakawa. With his band Count Buffaloes, the jazz-rock oriented album Electrum was out in 1970, followed by Drums Concerto (1971), African Rock (1972), Uganda (1972) and Get Up! (1975). He also worked with Yoshiko Goto, Koichi Oki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto (Our Time, 1974) and Akio Sasaki (Berklee Connection, 1980) in the 1970s. In the field of jazz he was involved between 1964 and 1980 in 14 recording sessions.
References
External links
Akira Ishikawa discography at Discogs
Akira Ishikawa at AllMusic
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"Japan"
]
}
|
Akira Ishikawa (jp. 石川 晶, Ishikawa Akira) was a Japanese jazz drummer and bandleader.
Ishikawa began his music career with Shin Matsumoto and New Pacific. In the following years he toured with his own formations like Akira Miyazawa Modern Allstars and Toshio Hosaka. In later years he played with Toshiyuki Miyama and his band New Herd; in 1964/65 he recordEd with Miyamas Modern Jazz Highlights and Modern Jukebox. From the late '60s, he recorded under his own name, releasing Soul Session (1969) and The Gentures in Beat Pops (1970), with, among others, Hiromasa Suzuki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto and Masaoki Terakawa. With his band Count Buffaloes, the jazz-rock oriented album Electrum was out in 1970, followed by Drums Concerto (1971), African Rock (1972), Uganda (1972) and Get Up! (1975). He also worked with Yoshiko Goto, Koichi Oki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto (Our Time, 1974) and Akio Sasaki (Berklee Connection, 1980) in the 1970s. In the field of jazz he was involved between 1964 and 1980 in 14 recording sessions.
References
External links
Akira Ishikawa discography at Discogs
Akira Ishikawa at AllMusic
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
6
],
"text": [
"Ishikawa"
]
}
|
Akira Ishikawa (jp. 石川 晶, Ishikawa Akira) was a Japanese jazz drummer and bandleader.
Ishikawa began his music career with Shin Matsumoto and New Pacific. In the following years he toured with his own formations like Akira Miyazawa Modern Allstars and Toshio Hosaka. In later years he played with Toshiyuki Miyama and his band New Herd; in 1964/65 he recordEd with Miyamas Modern Jazz Highlights and Modern Jukebox. From the late '60s, he recorded under his own name, releasing Soul Session (1969) and The Gentures in Beat Pops (1970), with, among others, Hiromasa Suzuki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto and Masaoki Terakawa. With his band Count Buffaloes, the jazz-rock oriented album Electrum was out in 1970, followed by Drums Concerto (1971), African Rock (1972), Uganda (1972) and Get Up! (1975). He also worked with Yoshiko Goto, Koichi Oki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto (Our Time, 1974) and Akio Sasaki (Berklee Connection, 1980) in the 1970s. In the field of jazz he was involved between 1964 and 1980 in 14 recording sessions.
References
External links
Akira Ishikawa discography at Discogs
Akira Ishikawa at AllMusic
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Akira"
]
}
|
Akira Ishikawa (jp. 石川 晶, Ishikawa Akira) was a Japanese jazz drummer and bandleader.
Ishikawa began his music career with Shin Matsumoto and New Pacific. In the following years he toured with his own formations like Akira Miyazawa Modern Allstars and Toshio Hosaka. In later years he played with Toshiyuki Miyama and his band New Herd; in 1964/65 he recordEd with Miyamas Modern Jazz Highlights and Modern Jukebox. From the late '60s, he recorded under his own name, releasing Soul Session (1969) and The Gentures in Beat Pops (1970), with, among others, Hiromasa Suzuki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto and Masaoki Terakawa. With his band Count Buffaloes, the jazz-rock oriented album Electrum was out in 1970, followed by Drums Concerto (1971), African Rock (1972), Uganda (1972) and Get Up! (1975). He also worked with Yoshiko Goto, Koichi Oki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto (Our Time, 1974) and Akio Sasaki (Berklee Connection, 1980) in the 1970s. In the field of jazz he was involved between 1964 and 1980 in 14 recording sessions.
References
External links
Akira Ishikawa discography at Discogs
Akira Ishikawa at AllMusic
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"drummer"
]
}
|
Akira Ishikawa (jp. 石川 晶, Ishikawa Akira) was a Japanese jazz drummer and bandleader.
Ishikawa began his music career with Shin Matsumoto and New Pacific. In the following years he toured with his own formations like Akira Miyazawa Modern Allstars and Toshio Hosaka. In later years he played with Toshiyuki Miyama and his band New Herd; in 1964/65 he recordEd with Miyamas Modern Jazz Highlights and Modern Jukebox. From the late '60s, he recorded under his own name, releasing Soul Session (1969) and The Gentures in Beat Pops (1970), with, among others, Hiromasa Suzuki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto and Masaoki Terakawa. With his band Count Buffaloes, the jazz-rock oriented album Electrum was out in 1970, followed by Drums Concerto (1971), African Rock (1972), Uganda (1972) and Get Up! (1975). He also worked with Yoshiko Goto, Koichi Oki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto (Our Time, 1974) and Akio Sasaki (Berklee Connection, 1980) in the 1970s. In the field of jazz he was involved between 1964 and 1980 in 14 recording sessions.
References
External links
Akira Ishikawa discography at Discogs
Akira Ishikawa at AllMusic
|
blood type
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"A"
]
}
|
Akira Ishikawa (jp. 石川 晶, Ishikawa Akira) was a Japanese jazz drummer and bandleader.
Ishikawa began his music career with Shin Matsumoto and New Pacific. In the following years he toured with his own formations like Akira Miyazawa Modern Allstars and Toshio Hosaka. In later years he played with Toshiyuki Miyama and his band New Herd; in 1964/65 he recordEd with Miyamas Modern Jazz Highlights and Modern Jukebox. From the late '60s, he recorded under his own name, releasing Soul Session (1969) and The Gentures in Beat Pops (1970), with, among others, Hiromasa Suzuki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto and Masaoki Terakawa. With his band Count Buffaloes, the jazz-rock oriented album Electrum was out in 1970, followed by Drums Concerto (1971), African Rock (1972), Uganda (1972) and Get Up! (1975). He also worked with Yoshiko Goto, Koichi Oki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto (Our Time, 1974) and Akio Sasaki (Berklee Connection, 1980) in the 1970s. In the field of jazz he was involved between 1964 and 1980 in 14 recording sessions.
References
External links
Akira Ishikawa discography at Discogs
Akira Ishikawa at AllMusic
|
languages spoken, written or signed
|
{
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"Japanese"
]
}
|
Akira Ishikawa (jp. 石川 晶, Ishikawa Akira) was a Japanese jazz drummer and bandleader.
Ishikawa began his music career with Shin Matsumoto and New Pacific. In the following years he toured with his own formations like Akira Miyazawa Modern Allstars and Toshio Hosaka. In later years he played with Toshiyuki Miyama and his band New Herd; in 1964/65 he recordEd with Miyamas Modern Jazz Highlights and Modern Jukebox. From the late '60s, he recorded under his own name, releasing Soul Session (1969) and The Gentures in Beat Pops (1970), with, among others, Hiromasa Suzuki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto and Masaoki Terakawa. With his band Count Buffaloes, the jazz-rock oriented album Electrum was out in 1970, followed by Drums Concerto (1971), African Rock (1972), Uganda (1972) and Get Up! (1975). He also worked with Yoshiko Goto, Koichi Oki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto (Our Time, 1974) and Akio Sasaki (Berklee Connection, 1980) in the 1970s. In the field of jazz he was involved between 1964 and 1980 in 14 recording sessions.
References
External links
Akira Ishikawa discography at Discogs
Akira Ishikawa at AllMusic
|
different from
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Akira Ishikawa"
]
}
|
Akira Ishikawa (jp. 石川 晶, Ishikawa Akira) was a Japanese jazz drummer and bandleader.
Ishikawa began his music career with Shin Matsumoto and New Pacific. In the following years he toured with his own formations like Akira Miyazawa Modern Allstars and Toshio Hosaka. In later years he played with Toshiyuki Miyama and his band New Herd; in 1964/65 he recordEd with Miyamas Modern Jazz Highlights and Modern Jukebox. From the late '60s, he recorded under his own name, releasing Soul Session (1969) and The Gentures in Beat Pops (1970), with, among others, Hiromasa Suzuki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto and Masaoki Terakawa. With his band Count Buffaloes, the jazz-rock oriented album Electrum was out in 1970, followed by Drums Concerto (1971), African Rock (1972), Uganda (1972) and Get Up! (1975). He also worked with Yoshiko Goto, Koichi Oki, Kiyoshi Sugimoto (Our Time, 1974) and Akio Sasaki (Berklee Connection, 1980) in the 1970s. In the field of jazz he was involved between 1964 and 1980 in 14 recording sessions.
References
External links
Akira Ishikawa discography at Discogs
Akira Ishikawa at AllMusic
|
writing language
|
{
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"Japanese"
]
}
|
Tom Never was a Native American born on the island of Nantucket circa 1640. His birth name was originally very long and was shortened to Tom Never by a group of leading British settlers who partnered with him to commercially export whale oil from Sachem Wanackmamack, located in the southeast corner of the island and subsequently known as Tom Never's Head. From 1672 to 1692, oil produced and sold by Native Americans (referred to as "Indian oil") was exempt from export taxes, giving "Tom Never's Whale Oil" a significant competitive advantage. In later years the apostrophe was dropped and that part of Nantucket is now known as Tom Nevers Head or simply Tom Nevers.
References
http://www.yesterdaysisland.com/2008/features/tomnever.php ″Tom Never's Ghost″ by Jack Warner / Quatrefoil Publishing
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tom"
]
}
|
A Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSAg) or a Bachelor of Agriculture (BAg) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by tertiary faculty of agriculture. The program is typically four years of study at postsecondary level.
In Canada, the bachelor's degree in agriculture differs from a bachelor of science degree in that the courses focus on agriculture: for example, the student will study agricultural economics rather than economics. Like engineering or forestry, agricultural science courses are infused with practicality.In China, the Bachelor of Agriculture is an independent degree and one of the thirteen statutory types of bachelor's degrees. It is awarded to students who have completed an undergraduate program majoring plant production, nature conservation and environmental ecology, animal production, veterinary medicine, forestry, aquaculture and fishery, or grassland science.
Variations
Canada
In Canada, the Ontario Agricultural College (founded 1873) began awarding a three-year Bachelor of Science in Agriculture degree through the University of Toronto in 1888: a fourth year to the program was added in 1902.Later, the Bachelor of Science in Agriculture program in Canada predominantly consists of four-year study in college.
United States
In the United States, the Morrill Act of 1862 (also known as the Land Grant Act) had a large influence on the rise of agricultural education and the spread of the bachelor's degree in agriculture. By the early part of the 20th century, all the agriculturally important states had at least one college or university awarding the bachelor's degree in agriculture.
India
The Bachelor of Science in Agriculture degree in India is typically a 4-year course under credit based semester system. The curriculum is broad and interdisciplinary, consisting of courses in Agronomy, Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Microbiology, Horticulture, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Agricultural Economics, Extension education, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Soil Science, Food technology, Soil Microbiology, Food Microbiology, Animal Husbandry.
Like, the Bachelor of Science in Agriculture is considered as a 'professional' degree by Government of India. However, in recognition to its 4-year duration, the degree holders are given some benefits like receiving higher stipend than BSc holders in DBT supported post graduate courses in Biotechnology. For the Gazetted post like Agricultural Officer (Agronomist), the basic educational requirement is B.Sc in Agriculture.
Footnotes
References
See also
Bachelor of Science
List of agricultural universities and colleges
List of tagged degrees
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"academic degree"
]
}
|
A Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSAg) or a Bachelor of Agriculture (BAg) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by tertiary faculty of agriculture. The program is typically four years of study at postsecondary level.
In Canada, the bachelor's degree in agriculture differs from a bachelor of science degree in that the courses focus on agriculture: for example, the student will study agricultural economics rather than economics. Like engineering or forestry, agricultural science courses are infused with practicality.In China, the Bachelor of Agriculture is an independent degree and one of the thirteen statutory types of bachelor's degrees. It is awarded to students who have completed an undergraduate program majoring plant production, nature conservation and environmental ecology, animal production, veterinary medicine, forestry, aquaculture and fishery, or grassland science.
Variations
Canada
In Canada, the Ontario Agricultural College (founded 1873) began awarding a three-year Bachelor of Science in Agriculture degree through the University of Toronto in 1888: a fourth year to the program was added in 1902.Later, the Bachelor of Science in Agriculture program in Canada predominantly consists of four-year study in college.
United States
In the United States, the Morrill Act of 1862 (also known as the Land Grant Act) had a large influence on the rise of agricultural education and the spread of the bachelor's degree in agriculture. By the early part of the 20th century, all the agriculturally important states had at least one college or university awarding the bachelor's degree in agriculture.
India
The Bachelor of Science in Agriculture degree in India is typically a 4-year course under credit based semester system. The curriculum is broad and interdisciplinary, consisting of courses in Agronomy, Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Microbiology, Horticulture, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Agricultural Economics, Extension education, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Soil Science, Food technology, Soil Microbiology, Food Microbiology, Animal Husbandry.
Like, the Bachelor of Science in Agriculture is considered as a 'professional' degree by Government of India. However, in recognition to its 4-year duration, the degree holders are given some benefits like receiving higher stipend than BSc holders in DBT supported post graduate courses in Biotechnology. For the Gazetted post like Agricultural Officer (Agronomist), the basic educational requirement is B.Sc in Agriculture.
Footnotes
References
See also
Bachelor of Science
List of agricultural universities and colleges
List of tagged degrees
|
subclass of
|
{
"answer_start": [
2
],
"text": [
"Bachelor of Science"
]
}
|
The Rape of Lewes (also known as Lewes Rape) is one of the rapes, the traditional sub-divisions unique to the historic county of Sussex in England.
Location
The rape of Bramber lies to its west and the rape of Pevensey lies to its east. The north the rape is bounded by the county of Surrey and to the south by the English Channel. The rape of Lewes includes the city of Brighton and Hove in its south-west corner, as well as the towns of Burgess Hill, Haywards Heath, Lewes, Newhaven and Seaford. At 248 metres (814 ft) tall, its highest point is Ditchling Beacon on the South Downs.
History
According to John Morris the boundary between the Rapes of Lewes and Pevensey, which cuts through the middle of Lewes, probably pre-dates the founding of the town of Lewes in the late 9th or early 10th century. If one boundary had existed so early then it is quite possible that other boundaries also existed, and the Rape of Lewes, or its precursor, may have existed at this time. Ditchling may have been an important regional centre for a large part of central Sussex between the Rivers Adur and Ouse until the founding of Lewes in the 9th century. Another possibility is that the rapes may derive from the system of fortifications, or burhs (boroughs) devised by Alfred the Great in the late ninth century to defeat the Vikings. The Rapes, or similar predecessors may have been created for the purpose of maintaining these early boroughs, which included Lewes.
At the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, the Rape of Lewes seems to have included the land between the Rivers Adur and Ouse and would have been given to William de Warenne. By the time of the Domesday Survey was made in 1086 a large strip of land extending to the River Adur on the west, and running from north to south, seems to have been cut off from Warenne's territory and given to William de Braose as part of his rape of Bramber. Another piece of land in the northeast of the original rape of Lewes, the hundred of East Grinstead, was given to Robert, Count of Mortain. William de Warenne was compensated for these land losses by a grant of manors in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex, which are described in Domesday Book as 'of the exchange of Lewes' or 'of the castellany of Lewes' and in the time of Henry II as the Earl of Warenne's 'new land'.
Sub-divisions
The rape is traditionally divided into the following hundreds:
Barcombe
Buttinghill
Dean
Fishersgate
Holmstrow
Poynings
Preston
Streat
Swanborough
Whalebourne
Younsmere
See also
History of Sussex
List of hundreds of England and Wales
References
Bibliography
External links
Victoria County History - A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7: The rape of Lewes
Lewes Rape through time - A Vision of Britain
Saxon Churches in Sussex - Lewes Rape
|
instance of
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|
Patrick Peter Mitchell-Thomson, 2nd Baron Selsdon (28 May 1913 – 7 February 1963) won the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans together with Luigi Chinetti in a Ferrari 166 MM.
He was the son of William Lowson Mitchell-Thomson, 1st Baron Selsdon (1877–1938) and (Anne) Madeleine Mitchell-Thomson, Lady Selsdon (1887–1946), and the father of Malcolm McEacharn Mitchell-Thomson, 3rd Baron Selsdon (b. 1937).
Racing career
Pre-war
Mitchell-Thomson's mother Anne, Lady Selsdon, was an active supporter of British club racing, particularly for Frazer Nash. She provided competition cups for the Frazer-Nash car club. She entered an un-blown Frazer Nash for him to drive at Brooklands, and would stand in the pits opening golf umbrellas adorned with various symbols in order to pass information onto him during races. He finished seventh in the 1933 B.R.D.C. 500 Miles Race, and represented Oxford University in an inter-varsity race at the Brooklands finale later that year. He returned to "The 500" in 1934, retiring with engine troubles, and again in 1935, not classified as a finisher.In 1934, Mitchell-Thomson led a team of three Frazer Nash drivers to fourth place in the Light Car Club's annual Relay Race at Brooklands. He was part of the Frazer Nash team on the 1934 Alpine Trial, a gruelling endurance test held over six days and 1,970 mi (3,170 km) from Nice to Munich, and helped the team secure second place in their group. He finished 6th in class and 15th overall in the Ulster Tourist Trophy. He was jointly awarded the Selsdon Bowl by the Frazer Nash Car Club for all-round performance in 1934.In 1935, Mitchell-Thomson represented Oxford in the inter-varsity speed trials at Syston Park. At the Donington Meeting in August, he took part in two races but suffered brake troubles.Under the direction of W. O. Bentley, Lagonda Ltd. redeveloped their V12 road car for the 1939 24 Hours of Le Mans. The 4½ litre engine was tuned for a theoretical top speed of 142 mph (229 km/h) and the car weighed just 26 cwt (1,300 kg). Lagonda built two cars for the race; Mitchell-Thomson purchased one and entered with Lord William Waleran as co-driver. The team gave strict instructions not to exceed a pre-determined average speed based on the 1938 event, to ensure that the untried design went the distance. The cars did not challenge the likes of Bugatti and Delage, the former setting a new distance record, but impressed the British motoring press by securing third and fourth positions. Despite this promising performance, the outbreak of the Second World War prevented any further development of the model. Mitchell-Thomson piloted his Lagonda car to second place in the B.A.R.C. August Meeting at Brooklands, the last ever meeting at the circuit. He set the fifth-fastest lap of the meeting, averaging 128.08 mph (206.12 km/h). He travelled to Belgium for the Liège Grand Prix, scheduled for 27 August 1939 and held at the site of Expo 1939 Liège. He set the third-fastest practice time, but the event was cancelled due to the mobilisation of troops and war began within days. In October 1939, he was reported as being on the Police Reserve.
Post-war
In 1946, Mitchell-Thomson purchased a Talbot-Lago T26C, serial number 90202. He retired from the 1946 Coupe de la Résistance and made a shared drive with Yves Giraud-Cabantous in the 1947 French Grand Prix but retired with engine issues. He secured a reserve entry for himself in the 1948 British Grand Prix but this did not materialise into a full entry. He entered the Luton Hoo Speed Trials but withdrew from the event. He entered the car to other events with drivers such as Louis Chiron at the wheel. Mitchell-Thomson owned the car until at least 1949 and it was regularly seen in race meetings for many years after his ownership.In 1949, Mitchell-Thomson purchased a Ferrari 166 MM and entered it for the 24 Hours of Le Mans alongside Luigi Chinetti. Recognising that Chinetti was the quicker driver, Mitchell-Thomson allowed him to drive most of the race, taking a single one-hour stint between 4:26 a.m. and 5:38 a.m. once a three-lap lead had been established. The strategy paid off and the duo took the first of nine overall wins for Ferrari in the race. He returned in 1950 partnering Jean Lucas; the pair ran strongly until Lucas crashed out from sixth at around 8 a.m.
Mitchell-Thomson became one of the three directors of the HRG Engineering Company in 1947, fulfilling a desire to become involved with a car manufacturing company. He remained in this position until his death in 1963. In 1955, Mitchell-Thomson was reported as serving on the B.A.R.C. Committee.
The Sixty Mercedes
Mitchell-Thomson owned a 1903 Mercedes 60, once the fastest production car in the world, which he entered to many heritage races. It took part in several editions of the London to Brighton Run, and made an appearance at the 1937 Imperial Trophy at Crystal Palace. He competed with the car in the 1936 Tilburstow Hill Climb. The car later fell into disrepair until he sold it to Peter Hampton in 1953, who restored it and continued to enter it to competitions. It is thought that only four examples of the "Sixty" survive today.
Other appearances
Mitchell-Thomson made a cameo appearance in the Will Hay film Ask a Policeman, in which the main characters end up on the Brooklands circuit after a police chase and get mixed up in a motor race.
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
External links
Peter Mitchell-Thompson and Lord Selsdon at racingsportscars.com.
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
Mitchell-Thomson at historic racing.com
== References ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Peter Mitchell-Thomson, 2nd Baron Selsdon"
]
}
|
Patrick Peter Mitchell-Thomson, 2nd Baron Selsdon (28 May 1913 – 7 February 1963) won the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans together with Luigi Chinetti in a Ferrari 166 MM.
He was the son of William Lowson Mitchell-Thomson, 1st Baron Selsdon (1877–1938) and (Anne) Madeleine Mitchell-Thomson, Lady Selsdon (1887–1946), and the father of Malcolm McEacharn Mitchell-Thomson, 3rd Baron Selsdon (b. 1937).
Racing career
Pre-war
Mitchell-Thomson's mother Anne, Lady Selsdon, was an active supporter of British club racing, particularly for Frazer Nash. She provided competition cups for the Frazer-Nash car club. She entered an un-blown Frazer Nash for him to drive at Brooklands, and would stand in the pits opening golf umbrellas adorned with various symbols in order to pass information onto him during races. He finished seventh in the 1933 B.R.D.C. 500 Miles Race, and represented Oxford University in an inter-varsity race at the Brooklands finale later that year. He returned to "The 500" in 1934, retiring with engine troubles, and again in 1935, not classified as a finisher.In 1934, Mitchell-Thomson led a team of three Frazer Nash drivers to fourth place in the Light Car Club's annual Relay Race at Brooklands. He was part of the Frazer Nash team on the 1934 Alpine Trial, a gruelling endurance test held over six days and 1,970 mi (3,170 km) from Nice to Munich, and helped the team secure second place in their group. He finished 6th in class and 15th overall in the Ulster Tourist Trophy. He was jointly awarded the Selsdon Bowl by the Frazer Nash Car Club for all-round performance in 1934.In 1935, Mitchell-Thomson represented Oxford in the inter-varsity speed trials at Syston Park. At the Donington Meeting in August, he took part in two races but suffered brake troubles.Under the direction of W. O. Bentley, Lagonda Ltd. redeveloped their V12 road car for the 1939 24 Hours of Le Mans. The 4½ litre engine was tuned for a theoretical top speed of 142 mph (229 km/h) and the car weighed just 26 cwt (1,300 kg). Lagonda built two cars for the race; Mitchell-Thomson purchased one and entered with Lord William Waleran as co-driver. The team gave strict instructions not to exceed a pre-determined average speed based on the 1938 event, to ensure that the untried design went the distance. The cars did not challenge the likes of Bugatti and Delage, the former setting a new distance record, but impressed the British motoring press by securing third and fourth positions. Despite this promising performance, the outbreak of the Second World War prevented any further development of the model. Mitchell-Thomson piloted his Lagonda car to second place in the B.A.R.C. August Meeting at Brooklands, the last ever meeting at the circuit. He set the fifth-fastest lap of the meeting, averaging 128.08 mph (206.12 km/h). He travelled to Belgium for the Liège Grand Prix, scheduled for 27 August 1939 and held at the site of Expo 1939 Liège. He set the third-fastest practice time, but the event was cancelled due to the mobilisation of troops and war began within days. In October 1939, he was reported as being on the Police Reserve.
Post-war
In 1946, Mitchell-Thomson purchased a Talbot-Lago T26C, serial number 90202. He retired from the 1946 Coupe de la Résistance and made a shared drive with Yves Giraud-Cabantous in the 1947 French Grand Prix but retired with engine issues. He secured a reserve entry for himself in the 1948 British Grand Prix but this did not materialise into a full entry. He entered the Luton Hoo Speed Trials but withdrew from the event. He entered the car to other events with drivers such as Louis Chiron at the wheel. Mitchell-Thomson owned the car until at least 1949 and it was regularly seen in race meetings for many years after his ownership.In 1949, Mitchell-Thomson purchased a Ferrari 166 MM and entered it for the 24 Hours of Le Mans alongside Luigi Chinetti. Recognising that Chinetti was the quicker driver, Mitchell-Thomson allowed him to drive most of the race, taking a single one-hour stint between 4:26 a.m. and 5:38 a.m. once a three-lap lead had been established. The strategy paid off and the duo took the first of nine overall wins for Ferrari in the race. He returned in 1950 partnering Jean Lucas; the pair ran strongly until Lucas crashed out from sixth at around 8 a.m.
Mitchell-Thomson became one of the three directors of the HRG Engineering Company in 1947, fulfilling a desire to become involved with a car manufacturing company. He remained in this position until his death in 1963. In 1955, Mitchell-Thomson was reported as serving on the B.A.R.C. Committee.
The Sixty Mercedes
Mitchell-Thomson owned a 1903 Mercedes 60, once the fastest production car in the world, which he entered to many heritage races. It took part in several editions of the London to Brighton Run, and made an appearance at the 1937 Imperial Trophy at Crystal Palace. He competed with the car in the 1936 Tilburstow Hill Climb. The car later fell into disrepair until he sold it to Peter Hampton in 1953, who restored it and continued to enter it to competitions. It is thought that only four examples of the "Sixty" survive today.
Other appearances
Mitchell-Thomson made a cameo appearance in the Will Hay film Ask a Policeman, in which the main characters end up on the Brooklands circuit after a police chase and get mixed up in a motor race.
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
External links
Peter Mitchell-Thompson and Lord Selsdon at racingsportscars.com.
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
Mitchell-Thomson at historic racing.com
== References ==
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"Mitchell"
]
}
|
Patrick Peter Mitchell-Thomson, 2nd Baron Selsdon (28 May 1913 – 7 February 1963) won the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans together with Luigi Chinetti in a Ferrari 166 MM.
He was the son of William Lowson Mitchell-Thomson, 1st Baron Selsdon (1877–1938) and (Anne) Madeleine Mitchell-Thomson, Lady Selsdon (1887–1946), and the father of Malcolm McEacharn Mitchell-Thomson, 3rd Baron Selsdon (b. 1937).
Racing career
Pre-war
Mitchell-Thomson's mother Anne, Lady Selsdon, was an active supporter of British club racing, particularly for Frazer Nash. She provided competition cups for the Frazer-Nash car club. She entered an un-blown Frazer Nash for him to drive at Brooklands, and would stand in the pits opening golf umbrellas adorned with various symbols in order to pass information onto him during races. He finished seventh in the 1933 B.R.D.C. 500 Miles Race, and represented Oxford University in an inter-varsity race at the Brooklands finale later that year. He returned to "The 500" in 1934, retiring with engine troubles, and again in 1935, not classified as a finisher.In 1934, Mitchell-Thomson led a team of three Frazer Nash drivers to fourth place in the Light Car Club's annual Relay Race at Brooklands. He was part of the Frazer Nash team on the 1934 Alpine Trial, a gruelling endurance test held over six days and 1,970 mi (3,170 km) from Nice to Munich, and helped the team secure second place in their group. He finished 6th in class and 15th overall in the Ulster Tourist Trophy. He was jointly awarded the Selsdon Bowl by the Frazer Nash Car Club for all-round performance in 1934.In 1935, Mitchell-Thomson represented Oxford in the inter-varsity speed trials at Syston Park. At the Donington Meeting in August, he took part in two races but suffered brake troubles.Under the direction of W. O. Bentley, Lagonda Ltd. redeveloped their V12 road car for the 1939 24 Hours of Le Mans. The 4½ litre engine was tuned for a theoretical top speed of 142 mph (229 km/h) and the car weighed just 26 cwt (1,300 kg). Lagonda built two cars for the race; Mitchell-Thomson purchased one and entered with Lord William Waleran as co-driver. The team gave strict instructions not to exceed a pre-determined average speed based on the 1938 event, to ensure that the untried design went the distance. The cars did not challenge the likes of Bugatti and Delage, the former setting a new distance record, but impressed the British motoring press by securing third and fourth positions. Despite this promising performance, the outbreak of the Second World War prevented any further development of the model. Mitchell-Thomson piloted his Lagonda car to second place in the B.A.R.C. August Meeting at Brooklands, the last ever meeting at the circuit. He set the fifth-fastest lap of the meeting, averaging 128.08 mph (206.12 km/h). He travelled to Belgium for the Liège Grand Prix, scheduled for 27 August 1939 and held at the site of Expo 1939 Liège. He set the third-fastest practice time, but the event was cancelled due to the mobilisation of troops and war began within days. In October 1939, he was reported as being on the Police Reserve.
Post-war
In 1946, Mitchell-Thomson purchased a Talbot-Lago T26C, serial number 90202. He retired from the 1946 Coupe de la Résistance and made a shared drive with Yves Giraud-Cabantous in the 1947 French Grand Prix but retired with engine issues. He secured a reserve entry for himself in the 1948 British Grand Prix but this did not materialise into a full entry. He entered the Luton Hoo Speed Trials but withdrew from the event. He entered the car to other events with drivers such as Louis Chiron at the wheel. Mitchell-Thomson owned the car until at least 1949 and it was regularly seen in race meetings for many years after his ownership.In 1949, Mitchell-Thomson purchased a Ferrari 166 MM and entered it for the 24 Hours of Le Mans alongside Luigi Chinetti. Recognising that Chinetti was the quicker driver, Mitchell-Thomson allowed him to drive most of the race, taking a single one-hour stint between 4:26 a.m. and 5:38 a.m. once a three-lap lead had been established. The strategy paid off and the duo took the first of nine overall wins for Ferrari in the race. He returned in 1950 partnering Jean Lucas; the pair ran strongly until Lucas crashed out from sixth at around 8 a.m.
Mitchell-Thomson became one of the three directors of the HRG Engineering Company in 1947, fulfilling a desire to become involved with a car manufacturing company. He remained in this position until his death in 1963. In 1955, Mitchell-Thomson was reported as serving on the B.A.R.C. Committee.
The Sixty Mercedes
Mitchell-Thomson owned a 1903 Mercedes 60, once the fastest production car in the world, which he entered to many heritage races. It took part in several editions of the London to Brighton Run, and made an appearance at the 1937 Imperial Trophy at Crystal Palace. He competed with the car in the 1936 Tilburstow Hill Climb. The car later fell into disrepair until he sold it to Peter Hampton in 1953, who restored it and continued to enter it to competitions. It is thought that only four examples of the "Sixty" survive today.
Other appearances
Mitchell-Thomson made a cameo appearance in the Will Hay film Ask a Policeman, in which the main characters end up on the Brooklands circuit after a police chase and get mixed up in a motor race.
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
External links
Peter Mitchell-Thompson and Lord Selsdon at racingsportscars.com.
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
Mitchell-Thomson at historic racing.com
== References ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Peter"
]
}
|
Patrick Peter Mitchell-Thomson, 2nd Baron Selsdon (28 May 1913 – 7 February 1963) won the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans together with Luigi Chinetti in a Ferrari 166 MM.
He was the son of William Lowson Mitchell-Thomson, 1st Baron Selsdon (1877–1938) and (Anne) Madeleine Mitchell-Thomson, Lady Selsdon (1887–1946), and the father of Malcolm McEacharn Mitchell-Thomson, 3rd Baron Selsdon (b. 1937).
Racing career
Pre-war
Mitchell-Thomson's mother Anne, Lady Selsdon, was an active supporter of British club racing, particularly for Frazer Nash. She provided competition cups for the Frazer-Nash car club. She entered an un-blown Frazer Nash for him to drive at Brooklands, and would stand in the pits opening golf umbrellas adorned with various symbols in order to pass information onto him during races. He finished seventh in the 1933 B.R.D.C. 500 Miles Race, and represented Oxford University in an inter-varsity race at the Brooklands finale later that year. He returned to "The 500" in 1934, retiring with engine troubles, and again in 1935, not classified as a finisher.In 1934, Mitchell-Thomson led a team of three Frazer Nash drivers to fourth place in the Light Car Club's annual Relay Race at Brooklands. He was part of the Frazer Nash team on the 1934 Alpine Trial, a gruelling endurance test held over six days and 1,970 mi (3,170 km) from Nice to Munich, and helped the team secure second place in their group. He finished 6th in class and 15th overall in the Ulster Tourist Trophy. He was jointly awarded the Selsdon Bowl by the Frazer Nash Car Club for all-round performance in 1934.In 1935, Mitchell-Thomson represented Oxford in the inter-varsity speed trials at Syston Park. At the Donington Meeting in August, he took part in two races but suffered brake troubles.Under the direction of W. O. Bentley, Lagonda Ltd. redeveloped their V12 road car for the 1939 24 Hours of Le Mans. The 4½ litre engine was tuned for a theoretical top speed of 142 mph (229 km/h) and the car weighed just 26 cwt (1,300 kg). Lagonda built two cars for the race; Mitchell-Thomson purchased one and entered with Lord William Waleran as co-driver. The team gave strict instructions not to exceed a pre-determined average speed based on the 1938 event, to ensure that the untried design went the distance. The cars did not challenge the likes of Bugatti and Delage, the former setting a new distance record, but impressed the British motoring press by securing third and fourth positions. Despite this promising performance, the outbreak of the Second World War prevented any further development of the model. Mitchell-Thomson piloted his Lagonda car to second place in the B.A.R.C. August Meeting at Brooklands, the last ever meeting at the circuit. He set the fifth-fastest lap of the meeting, averaging 128.08 mph (206.12 km/h). He travelled to Belgium for the Liège Grand Prix, scheduled for 27 August 1939 and held at the site of Expo 1939 Liège. He set the third-fastest practice time, but the event was cancelled due to the mobilisation of troops and war began within days. In October 1939, he was reported as being on the Police Reserve.
Post-war
In 1946, Mitchell-Thomson purchased a Talbot-Lago T26C, serial number 90202. He retired from the 1946 Coupe de la Résistance and made a shared drive with Yves Giraud-Cabantous in the 1947 French Grand Prix but retired with engine issues. He secured a reserve entry for himself in the 1948 British Grand Prix but this did not materialise into a full entry. He entered the Luton Hoo Speed Trials but withdrew from the event. He entered the car to other events with drivers such as Louis Chiron at the wheel. Mitchell-Thomson owned the car until at least 1949 and it was regularly seen in race meetings for many years after his ownership.In 1949, Mitchell-Thomson purchased a Ferrari 166 MM and entered it for the 24 Hours of Le Mans alongside Luigi Chinetti. Recognising that Chinetti was the quicker driver, Mitchell-Thomson allowed him to drive most of the race, taking a single one-hour stint between 4:26 a.m. and 5:38 a.m. once a three-lap lead had been established. The strategy paid off and the duo took the first of nine overall wins for Ferrari in the race. He returned in 1950 partnering Jean Lucas; the pair ran strongly until Lucas crashed out from sixth at around 8 a.m.
Mitchell-Thomson became one of the three directors of the HRG Engineering Company in 1947, fulfilling a desire to become involved with a car manufacturing company. He remained in this position until his death in 1963. In 1955, Mitchell-Thomson was reported as serving on the B.A.R.C. Committee.
The Sixty Mercedes
Mitchell-Thomson owned a 1903 Mercedes 60, once the fastest production car in the world, which he entered to many heritage races. It took part in several editions of the London to Brighton Run, and made an appearance at the 1937 Imperial Trophy at Crystal Palace. He competed with the car in the 1936 Tilburstow Hill Climb. The car later fell into disrepair until he sold it to Peter Hampton in 1953, who restored it and continued to enter it to competitions. It is thought that only four examples of the "Sixty" survive today.
Other appearances
Mitchell-Thomson made a cameo appearance in the Will Hay film Ask a Policeman, in which the main characters end up on the Brooklands circuit after a police chase and get mixed up in a motor race.
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
External links
Peter Mitchell-Thompson and Lord Selsdon at racingsportscars.com.
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
Mitchell-Thomson at historic racing.com
== References ==
|
participant in
|
{
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"24 Hours of Le Mans"
]
}
|
Patrick Peter Mitchell-Thomson, 2nd Baron Selsdon (28 May 1913 – 7 February 1963) won the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans together with Luigi Chinetti in a Ferrari 166 MM.
He was the son of William Lowson Mitchell-Thomson, 1st Baron Selsdon (1877–1938) and (Anne) Madeleine Mitchell-Thomson, Lady Selsdon (1887–1946), and the father of Malcolm McEacharn Mitchell-Thomson, 3rd Baron Selsdon (b. 1937).
Racing career
Pre-war
Mitchell-Thomson's mother Anne, Lady Selsdon, was an active supporter of British club racing, particularly for Frazer Nash. She provided competition cups for the Frazer-Nash car club. She entered an un-blown Frazer Nash for him to drive at Brooklands, and would stand in the pits opening golf umbrellas adorned with various symbols in order to pass information onto him during races. He finished seventh in the 1933 B.R.D.C. 500 Miles Race, and represented Oxford University in an inter-varsity race at the Brooklands finale later that year. He returned to "The 500" in 1934, retiring with engine troubles, and again in 1935, not classified as a finisher.In 1934, Mitchell-Thomson led a team of three Frazer Nash drivers to fourth place in the Light Car Club's annual Relay Race at Brooklands. He was part of the Frazer Nash team on the 1934 Alpine Trial, a gruelling endurance test held over six days and 1,970 mi (3,170 km) from Nice to Munich, and helped the team secure second place in their group. He finished 6th in class and 15th overall in the Ulster Tourist Trophy. He was jointly awarded the Selsdon Bowl by the Frazer Nash Car Club for all-round performance in 1934.In 1935, Mitchell-Thomson represented Oxford in the inter-varsity speed trials at Syston Park. At the Donington Meeting in August, he took part in two races but suffered brake troubles.Under the direction of W. O. Bentley, Lagonda Ltd. redeveloped their V12 road car for the 1939 24 Hours of Le Mans. The 4½ litre engine was tuned for a theoretical top speed of 142 mph (229 km/h) and the car weighed just 26 cwt (1,300 kg). Lagonda built two cars for the race; Mitchell-Thomson purchased one and entered with Lord William Waleran as co-driver. The team gave strict instructions not to exceed a pre-determined average speed based on the 1938 event, to ensure that the untried design went the distance. The cars did not challenge the likes of Bugatti and Delage, the former setting a new distance record, but impressed the British motoring press by securing third and fourth positions. Despite this promising performance, the outbreak of the Second World War prevented any further development of the model. Mitchell-Thomson piloted his Lagonda car to second place in the B.A.R.C. August Meeting at Brooklands, the last ever meeting at the circuit. He set the fifth-fastest lap of the meeting, averaging 128.08 mph (206.12 km/h). He travelled to Belgium for the Liège Grand Prix, scheduled for 27 August 1939 and held at the site of Expo 1939 Liège. He set the third-fastest practice time, but the event was cancelled due to the mobilisation of troops and war began within days. In October 1939, he was reported as being on the Police Reserve.
Post-war
In 1946, Mitchell-Thomson purchased a Talbot-Lago T26C, serial number 90202. He retired from the 1946 Coupe de la Résistance and made a shared drive with Yves Giraud-Cabantous in the 1947 French Grand Prix but retired with engine issues. He secured a reserve entry for himself in the 1948 British Grand Prix but this did not materialise into a full entry. He entered the Luton Hoo Speed Trials but withdrew from the event. He entered the car to other events with drivers such as Louis Chiron at the wheel. Mitchell-Thomson owned the car until at least 1949 and it was regularly seen in race meetings for many years after his ownership.In 1949, Mitchell-Thomson purchased a Ferrari 166 MM and entered it for the 24 Hours of Le Mans alongside Luigi Chinetti. Recognising that Chinetti was the quicker driver, Mitchell-Thomson allowed him to drive most of the race, taking a single one-hour stint between 4:26 a.m. and 5:38 a.m. once a three-lap lead had been established. The strategy paid off and the duo took the first of nine overall wins for Ferrari in the race. He returned in 1950 partnering Jean Lucas; the pair ran strongly until Lucas crashed out from sixth at around 8 a.m.
Mitchell-Thomson became one of the three directors of the HRG Engineering Company in 1947, fulfilling a desire to become involved with a car manufacturing company. He remained in this position until his death in 1963. In 1955, Mitchell-Thomson was reported as serving on the B.A.R.C. Committee.
The Sixty Mercedes
Mitchell-Thomson owned a 1903 Mercedes 60, once the fastest production car in the world, which he entered to many heritage races. It took part in several editions of the London to Brighton Run, and made an appearance at the 1937 Imperial Trophy at Crystal Palace. He competed with the car in the 1936 Tilburstow Hill Climb. The car later fell into disrepair until he sold it to Peter Hampton in 1953, who restored it and continued to enter it to competitions. It is thought that only four examples of the "Sixty" survive today.
Other appearances
Mitchell-Thomson made a cameo appearance in the Will Hay film Ask a Policeman, in which the main characters end up on the Brooklands circuit after a police chase and get mixed up in a motor race.
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
External links
Peter Mitchell-Thompson and Lord Selsdon at racingsportscars.com.
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
Mitchell-Thomson at historic racing.com
== References ==
|
victory
|
{
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"24 Hours of Le Mans"
]
}
|
Nathaniel Coleman (born January 1, 1997) is an American professional climber who won the silver medal in men's combined sport climbing at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. He became the first American male climber to qualify for the Olympic Games after advancing to the final at IFSC Combined Qualifier Toulouse 2019 in November–December, 2019, a qualifying event for the 2020 Games in Tokyo. On June 17, 2020, Coleman added the first ascent of The Grand Illusion (8C+/V16) in Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah (USA) to his list of accomplishments.From 2016 to 2018, Coleman won three straight USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships, and finished 2nd in the 2019 competition. He also finished second in the 2019 Combined Invitational. Coleman won the 2020 USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships. Coleman also finished 4th overall in bouldering at the 2015 IFSC Climbing World Cup, winning silver medals in Toronto and Vail.As a youth competitor, Coleman won the age group events at the USA Climbing Youth Bouldering Nationals in 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016.At 14, Coleman took fourth at Youth Bouldering Nationals in Boulder, Colorado.
References
== External links ==
|
sex or gender
|
{
"answer_start": [
192
],
"text": [
"male"
]
}
|
Nathaniel Coleman (born January 1, 1997) is an American professional climber who won the silver medal in men's combined sport climbing at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. He became the first American male climber to qualify for the Olympic Games after advancing to the final at IFSC Combined Qualifier Toulouse 2019 in November–December, 2019, a qualifying event for the 2020 Games in Tokyo. On June 17, 2020, Coleman added the first ascent of The Grand Illusion (8C+/V16) in Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah (USA) to his list of accomplishments.From 2016 to 2018, Coleman won three straight USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships, and finished 2nd in the 2019 competition. He also finished second in the 2019 Combined Invitational. Coleman won the 2020 USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships. Coleman also finished 4th overall in bouldering at the 2015 IFSC Climbing World Cup, winning silver medals in Toronto and Vail.As a youth competitor, Coleman won the age group events at the USA Climbing Youth Bouldering Nationals in 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016.At 14, Coleman took fourth at Youth Bouldering Nationals in Boulder, Colorado.
References
== External links ==
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Nathaniel Coleman"
]
}
|
Nathaniel Coleman (born January 1, 1997) is an American professional climber who won the silver medal in men's combined sport climbing at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. He became the first American male climber to qualify for the Olympic Games after advancing to the final at IFSC Combined Qualifier Toulouse 2019 in November–December, 2019, a qualifying event for the 2020 Games in Tokyo. On June 17, 2020, Coleman added the first ascent of The Grand Illusion (8C+/V16) in Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah (USA) to his list of accomplishments.From 2016 to 2018, Coleman won three straight USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships, and finished 2nd in the 2019 competition. He also finished second in the 2019 Combined Invitational. Coleman won the 2020 USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships. Coleman also finished 4th overall in bouldering at the 2015 IFSC Climbing World Cup, winning silver medals in Toronto and Vail.As a youth competitor, Coleman won the age group events at the USA Climbing Youth Bouldering Nationals in 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016.At 14, Coleman took fourth at Youth Bouldering Nationals in Boulder, Colorado.
References
== External links ==
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"sport climbing"
]
}
|
Nathaniel Coleman (born January 1, 1997) is an American professional climber who won the silver medal in men's combined sport climbing at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. He became the first American male climber to qualify for the Olympic Games after advancing to the final at IFSC Combined Qualifier Toulouse 2019 in November–December, 2019, a qualifying event for the 2020 Games in Tokyo. On June 17, 2020, Coleman added the first ascent of The Grand Illusion (8C+/V16) in Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah (USA) to his list of accomplishments.From 2016 to 2018, Coleman won three straight USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships, and finished 2nd in the 2019 competition. He also finished second in the 2019 Combined Invitational. Coleman won the 2020 USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships. Coleman also finished 4th overall in bouldering at the 2015 IFSC Climbing World Cup, winning silver medals in Toronto and Vail.As a youth competitor, Coleman won the age group events at the USA Climbing Youth Bouldering Nationals in 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016.At 14, Coleman took fourth at Youth Bouldering Nationals in Boulder, Colorado.
References
== External links ==
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"Coleman"
]
}
|
Nathaniel Coleman (born January 1, 1997) is an American professional climber who won the silver medal in men's combined sport climbing at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. He became the first American male climber to qualify for the Olympic Games after advancing to the final at IFSC Combined Qualifier Toulouse 2019 in November–December, 2019, a qualifying event for the 2020 Games in Tokyo. On June 17, 2020, Coleman added the first ascent of The Grand Illusion (8C+/V16) in Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah (USA) to his list of accomplishments.From 2016 to 2018, Coleman won three straight USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships, and finished 2nd in the 2019 competition. He also finished second in the 2019 Combined Invitational. Coleman won the 2020 USA Climbing Bouldering Open National Championships. Coleman also finished 4th overall in bouldering at the 2015 IFSC Climbing World Cup, winning silver medals in Toronto and Vail.As a youth competitor, Coleman won the age group events at the USA Climbing Youth Bouldering Nationals in 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016.At 14, Coleman took fourth at Youth Bouldering Nationals in Boulder, Colorado.
References
== External links ==
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Nathaniel"
]
}
|
Adrian Winter (born 8 July 1986) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. Winter has also been capped for Switzerland.
Career
In July 2015, it was announced that Winter was acquired by Major League Soccer team Orlando City SC. Winter made his debut for Orlando City on 8 August as a 72nd-minute substitution for Servando Carrasco. He later scored his first two MLS goals in a 3–1 win over Sporting Kansas City on 13 September. After playing well into the 2016 MLS season, Winter parted ways with Orlando City on 1 July due to family reasons and returned to Switzerland to play for FC Zürich. He made his league debut for Zürich in a 2-0 home victory on 25 July 2016 over FC Winterthur. He played all ninety minutes of the match. He scored his first league goal for the club not long later, on 6 August 2016 in a 4-0 home victory over FC Wohlen. His goal, the third of the match, came in the 40th minute.
References
External links
Adrian Winter at WorldFootball.net
Adrian Winter at National-Football-Teams.com
Adrian Winter at Soccerway
FC Zurich Stats
|
country of citizenship
|
{
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"Switzerland"
]
}
|
Adrian Winter (born 8 July 1986) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. Winter has also been capped for Switzerland.
Career
In July 2015, it was announced that Winter was acquired by Major League Soccer team Orlando City SC. Winter made his debut for Orlando City on 8 August as a 72nd-minute substitution for Servando Carrasco. He later scored his first two MLS goals in a 3–1 win over Sporting Kansas City on 13 September. After playing well into the 2016 MLS season, Winter parted ways with Orlando City on 1 July due to family reasons and returned to Switzerland to play for FC Zürich. He made his league debut for Zürich in a 2-0 home victory on 25 July 2016 over FC Winterthur. He played all ninety minutes of the match. He scored his first league goal for the club not long later, on 6 August 2016 in a 4-0 home victory over FC Wohlen. His goal, the third of the match, came in the 40th minute.
References
External links
Adrian Winter at WorldFootball.net
Adrian Winter at National-Football-Teams.com
Adrian Winter at Soccerway
FC Zurich Stats
|
member of sports team
|
{
"answer_start": [
243
],
"text": [
"Orlando City SC"
]
}
|
Adrian Winter (born 8 July 1986) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. Winter has also been capped for Switzerland.
Career
In July 2015, it was announced that Winter was acquired by Major League Soccer team Orlando City SC. Winter made his debut for Orlando City on 8 August as a 72nd-minute substitution for Servando Carrasco. He later scored his first two MLS goals in a 3–1 win over Sporting Kansas City on 13 September. After playing well into the 2016 MLS season, Winter parted ways with Orlando City on 1 July due to family reasons and returned to Switzerland to play for FC Zürich. He made his league debut for Zürich in a 2-0 home victory on 25 July 2016 over FC Winterthur. He played all ninety minutes of the match. He scored his first league goal for the club not long later, on 6 August 2016 in a 4-0 home victory over FC Wohlen. His goal, the third of the match, came in the 40th minute.
References
External links
Adrian Winter at WorldFootball.net
Adrian Winter at National-Football-Teams.com
Adrian Winter at Soccerway
FC Zurich Stats
|
league
|
{
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"Major League Soccer"
]
}
|
Adrian Winter (born 8 July 1986) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. Winter has also been capped for Switzerland.
Career
In July 2015, it was announced that Winter was acquired by Major League Soccer team Orlando City SC. Winter made his debut for Orlando City on 8 August as a 72nd-minute substitution for Servando Carrasco. He later scored his first two MLS goals in a 3–1 win over Sporting Kansas City on 13 September. After playing well into the 2016 MLS season, Winter parted ways with Orlando City on 1 July due to family reasons and returned to Switzerland to play for FC Zürich. He made his league debut for Zürich in a 2-0 home victory on 25 July 2016 over FC Winterthur. He played all ninety minutes of the match. He scored his first league goal for the club not long later, on 6 August 2016 in a 4-0 home victory over FC Wohlen. His goal, the third of the match, came in the 40th minute.
References
External links
Adrian Winter at WorldFootball.net
Adrian Winter at National-Football-Teams.com
Adrian Winter at Soccerway
FC Zurich Stats
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Adrian Winter"
]
}
|
Adrian Winter (born 8 July 1986) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. Winter has also been capped for Switzerland.
Career
In July 2015, it was announced that Winter was acquired by Major League Soccer team Orlando City SC. Winter made his debut for Orlando City on 8 August as a 72nd-minute substitution for Servando Carrasco. He later scored his first two MLS goals in a 3–1 win over Sporting Kansas City on 13 September. After playing well into the 2016 MLS season, Winter parted ways with Orlando City on 1 July due to family reasons and returned to Switzerland to play for FC Zürich. He made his league debut for Zürich in a 2-0 home victory on 25 July 2016 over FC Winterthur. He played all ninety minutes of the match. He scored his first league goal for the club not long later, on 6 August 2016 in a 4-0 home victory over FC Wohlen. His goal, the third of the match, came in the 40th minute.
References
External links
Adrian Winter at WorldFootball.net
Adrian Winter at National-Football-Teams.com
Adrian Winter at Soccerway
FC Zurich Stats
|
position played on team / speciality
|
{
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"midfielder"
]
}
|
Adrian Winter (born 8 July 1986) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. Winter has also been capped for Switzerland.
Career
In July 2015, it was announced that Winter was acquired by Major League Soccer team Orlando City SC. Winter made his debut for Orlando City on 8 August as a 72nd-minute substitution for Servando Carrasco. He later scored his first two MLS goals in a 3–1 win over Sporting Kansas City on 13 September. After playing well into the 2016 MLS season, Winter parted ways with Orlando City on 1 July due to family reasons and returned to Switzerland to play for FC Zürich. He made his league debut for Zürich in a 2-0 home victory on 25 July 2016 over FC Winterthur. He played all ninety minutes of the match. He scored his first league goal for the club not long later, on 6 August 2016 in a 4-0 home victory over FC Wohlen. His goal, the third of the match, came in the 40th minute.
References
External links
Adrian Winter at WorldFootball.net
Adrian Winter at National-Football-Teams.com
Adrian Winter at Soccerway
FC Zurich Stats
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"Winter"
]
}
|
Adrian Winter (born 8 July 1986) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. Winter has also been capped for Switzerland.
Career
In July 2015, it was announced that Winter was acquired by Major League Soccer team Orlando City SC. Winter made his debut for Orlando City on 8 August as a 72nd-minute substitution for Servando Carrasco. He later scored his first two MLS goals in a 3–1 win over Sporting Kansas City on 13 September. After playing well into the 2016 MLS season, Winter parted ways with Orlando City on 1 July due to family reasons and returned to Switzerland to play for FC Zürich. He made his league debut for Zürich in a 2-0 home victory on 25 July 2016 over FC Winterthur. He played all ninety minutes of the match. He scored his first league goal for the club not long later, on 6 August 2016 in a 4-0 home victory over FC Wohlen. His goal, the third of the match, came in the 40th minute.
References
External links
Adrian Winter at WorldFootball.net
Adrian Winter at National-Football-Teams.com
Adrian Winter at Soccerway
FC Zurich Stats
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Adrian"
]
}
|
Adrian Winter (born 8 July 1986) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. Winter has also been capped for Switzerland.
Career
In July 2015, it was announced that Winter was acquired by Major League Soccer team Orlando City SC. Winter made his debut for Orlando City on 8 August as a 72nd-minute substitution for Servando Carrasco. He later scored his first two MLS goals in a 3–1 win over Sporting Kansas City on 13 September. After playing well into the 2016 MLS season, Winter parted ways with Orlando City on 1 July due to family reasons and returned to Switzerland to play for FC Zürich. He made his league debut for Zürich in a 2-0 home victory on 25 July 2016 over FC Winterthur. He played all ninety minutes of the match. He scored his first league goal for the club not long later, on 6 August 2016 in a 4-0 home victory over FC Wohlen. His goal, the third of the match, came in the 40th minute.
References
External links
Adrian Winter at WorldFootball.net
Adrian Winter at National-Football-Teams.com
Adrian Winter at Soccerway
FC Zurich Stats
|
country for sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"Switzerland"
]
}
|
Astragalus douglasii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Douglas's milkvetch. It is native to California and Baja California, where it can be found in many types of desert, valley, chaparral and woodlands, and montane habitats, usually below 8,000 feet (2,400 m) elevation.
Description
Astragalus douglasii is a bushy perennial herb producing a number of erect or prostrate stems up to a meter long. The abundant leaves are up to 18 centimeters long and are made up of oval-shaped leaflets. The open inflorescence holds up to 30 whitish to pale yellow flowers, each about a centimeter long. The calyx is green with 0.7–2.6 mm (0.03–0.10 in) lobes.The fruit is an inflated legume pod up to 6 centimeters long and 3 wide which dries to a thin, papery texture.
Varieties
There are three varieties of Astragalus douglasii:
A. d. var. douglasii – limited to California
A. d. var. parishii (Parish's milkvetch) – found throughout the mountain ranges of Southern California
A. d. var. perstrictus (Jacumba milkvetch) – rare variety limited to San Diego County, California, and northern Baja California
References
External links
Media related to Astragalus douglasii at Wikimedia Commons
Astragalus douglasii – Photo gallery
|
taxon rank
|
{
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"species"
]
}
|
Astragalus douglasii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Douglas's milkvetch. It is native to California and Baja California, where it can be found in many types of desert, valley, chaparral and woodlands, and montane habitats, usually below 8,000 feet (2,400 m) elevation.
Description
Astragalus douglasii is a bushy perennial herb producing a number of erect or prostrate stems up to a meter long. The abundant leaves are up to 18 centimeters long and are made up of oval-shaped leaflets. The open inflorescence holds up to 30 whitish to pale yellow flowers, each about a centimeter long. The calyx is green with 0.7–2.6 mm (0.03–0.10 in) lobes.The fruit is an inflated legume pod up to 6 centimeters long and 3 wide which dries to a thin, papery texture.
Varieties
There are three varieties of Astragalus douglasii:
A. d. var. douglasii – limited to California
A. d. var. parishii (Parish's milkvetch) – found throughout the mountain ranges of Southern California
A. d. var. perstrictus (Jacumba milkvetch) – rare variety limited to San Diego County, California, and northern Baja California
References
External links
Media related to Astragalus douglasii at Wikimedia Commons
Astragalus douglasii – Photo gallery
|
parent taxon
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Astragalus"
]
}
|
Astragalus douglasii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Douglas's milkvetch. It is native to California and Baja California, where it can be found in many types of desert, valley, chaparral and woodlands, and montane habitats, usually below 8,000 feet (2,400 m) elevation.
Description
Astragalus douglasii is a bushy perennial herb producing a number of erect or prostrate stems up to a meter long. The abundant leaves are up to 18 centimeters long and are made up of oval-shaped leaflets. The open inflorescence holds up to 30 whitish to pale yellow flowers, each about a centimeter long. The calyx is green with 0.7–2.6 mm (0.03–0.10 in) lobes.The fruit is an inflated legume pod up to 6 centimeters long and 3 wide which dries to a thin, papery texture.
Varieties
There are three varieties of Astragalus douglasii:
A. d. var. douglasii – limited to California
A. d. var. parishii (Parish's milkvetch) – found throughout the mountain ranges of Southern California
A. d. var. perstrictus (Jacumba milkvetch) – rare variety limited to San Diego County, California, and northern Baja California
References
External links
Media related to Astragalus douglasii at Wikimedia Commons
Astragalus douglasii – Photo gallery
|
taxon name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Astragalus douglasii"
]
}
|
Astragalus douglasii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Douglas's milkvetch. It is native to California and Baja California, where it can be found in many types of desert, valley, chaparral and woodlands, and montane habitats, usually below 8,000 feet (2,400 m) elevation.
Description
Astragalus douglasii is a bushy perennial herb producing a number of erect or prostrate stems up to a meter long. The abundant leaves are up to 18 centimeters long and are made up of oval-shaped leaflets. The open inflorescence holds up to 30 whitish to pale yellow flowers, each about a centimeter long. The calyx is green with 0.7–2.6 mm (0.03–0.10 in) lobes.The fruit is an inflated legume pod up to 6 centimeters long and 3 wide which dries to a thin, papery texture.
Varieties
There are three varieties of Astragalus douglasii:
A. d. var. douglasii – limited to California
A. d. var. parishii (Parish's milkvetch) – found throughout the mountain ranges of Southern California
A. d. var. perstrictus (Jacumba milkvetch) – rare variety limited to San Diego County, California, and northern Baja California
References
External links
Media related to Astragalus douglasii at Wikimedia Commons
Astragalus douglasii – Photo gallery
|
Commons category
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Astragalus douglasii"
]
}
|
Astragalus douglasii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Douglas's milkvetch. It is native to California and Baja California, where it can be found in many types of desert, valley, chaparral and woodlands, and montane habitats, usually below 8,000 feet (2,400 m) elevation.
Description
Astragalus douglasii is a bushy perennial herb producing a number of erect or prostrate stems up to a meter long. The abundant leaves are up to 18 centimeters long and are made up of oval-shaped leaflets. The open inflorescence holds up to 30 whitish to pale yellow flowers, each about a centimeter long. The calyx is green with 0.7–2.6 mm (0.03–0.10 in) lobes.The fruit is an inflated legume pod up to 6 centimeters long and 3 wide which dries to a thin, papery texture.
Varieties
There are three varieties of Astragalus douglasii:
A. d. var. douglasii – limited to California
A. d. var. parishii (Parish's milkvetch) – found throughout the mountain ranges of Southern California
A. d. var. perstrictus (Jacumba milkvetch) – rare variety limited to San Diego County, California, and northern Baja California
References
External links
Media related to Astragalus douglasii at Wikimedia Commons
Astragalus douglasii – Photo gallery
|
taxon common name
|
{
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"Douglas's milkvetch"
]
}
|
Frank Sowinski is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Princeton Tigers and was selected as the Ivy League Player of the Year as a junior in 1977. Sowinski played professionally in Europe before he returned to the United States and embarked on a business career.
Early life
Sowinski was born in North Arlington, New Jersey, and moved to East Hanover, New Jersey, at the age of two. His grandparents were coal miners in northeast Pennsylvania who Sowinski visited frequently as a child. His interest in basketball began when he was in the sixth grade and read the book A Sense of Where You Are (1965) by John McPhee about Princeton basketball player Bill Bradley. Sowinski constructed his first basketball hoop by using a corroded pipe found in a junkyard and practiced for hours in the driveway of his home.
High school career
Sowinski did not make the varsity basketball team at Hanover Park High School until his junior year and began to travel to leagues in East Orange, New Jersey, to improve against better competition. Sowinski was noticed by Princeton assistant coach Gary Walters at a county tournament game in his senior year when he went 8-of-10 from the field, out-rebounded the other team and limited the leader scorer in the county to 8 points. Princeton head coach Pete Carril scouted Sowinski at a game when he had limited playing time due to foul trouble and instead focused his efforts on encouraging his teammates from the bench. Sowinski recollected: "My mom went up to Coach Carril and said, 'I guess you're not interested in him anymore' ... and he said, 'When I saw him on the bench, I wanted him more.'"Sowinski had interest from Delaware Blue Hares, Lafayette Leopards and the Lehigh Mountain Hawks but chose to join the Princeton Tigers.
College career
Sowinski led the Princeton Tigers freshman team with 19.0 points and 9.5 rebounds per game. He scored in double figures in every game he played as a sophomore during the 1975–76 season.Sowinski was selected as the Ivy League Player of the Year in 1977 and earned nominations to the All-Ivy League first team in 1977 and 1978. He helped the Princeton Tigers to win Ivy League championships in 1976 and 1977. Sowinski worked out with Bill Bradley during the offseasons of his sophomore and junior years.
Professional career
Sowinski was selected by the New Jersey Nets in the 1978 NBA draft. He attended rookie training camp with the Nets in August 1978 but signed a contract with the Tempus team in Madrid, Spain, before regular season training began. Sowinski also played with a touring team of American players in Italy.
Post-playing career
Sowinski returned to the United States and earned his Master's in Business Administration from the University of Virginia that launched him into a successful business career. He worked at Amerada Hess for three years. Sowinski then joined Dun & Bradstreet where he worked for 17 years and rose to the position of company president. He worked as a chief financial officer with PricewaterhouseCoopers and helped in selling the business to IBM in 2002.Sowinski has ran a career mentorship program for the basketball teams at Princeton since 2008. He chairs the Princeton Varsity Club.
References
External links
College statistics
|
occupation
|
{
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"basketball player"
]
}
|
Frank Sowinski is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Princeton Tigers and was selected as the Ivy League Player of the Year as a junior in 1977. Sowinski played professionally in Europe before he returned to the United States and embarked on a business career.
Early life
Sowinski was born in North Arlington, New Jersey, and moved to East Hanover, New Jersey, at the age of two. His grandparents were coal miners in northeast Pennsylvania who Sowinski visited frequently as a child. His interest in basketball began when he was in the sixth grade and read the book A Sense of Where You Are (1965) by John McPhee about Princeton basketball player Bill Bradley. Sowinski constructed his first basketball hoop by using a corroded pipe found in a junkyard and practiced for hours in the driveway of his home.
High school career
Sowinski did not make the varsity basketball team at Hanover Park High School until his junior year and began to travel to leagues in East Orange, New Jersey, to improve against better competition. Sowinski was noticed by Princeton assistant coach Gary Walters at a county tournament game in his senior year when he went 8-of-10 from the field, out-rebounded the other team and limited the leader scorer in the county to 8 points. Princeton head coach Pete Carril scouted Sowinski at a game when he had limited playing time due to foul trouble and instead focused his efforts on encouraging his teammates from the bench. Sowinski recollected: "My mom went up to Coach Carril and said, 'I guess you're not interested in him anymore' ... and he said, 'When I saw him on the bench, I wanted him more.'"Sowinski had interest from Delaware Blue Hares, Lafayette Leopards and the Lehigh Mountain Hawks but chose to join the Princeton Tigers.
College career
Sowinski led the Princeton Tigers freshman team with 19.0 points and 9.5 rebounds per game. He scored in double figures in every game he played as a sophomore during the 1975–76 season.Sowinski was selected as the Ivy League Player of the Year in 1977 and earned nominations to the All-Ivy League first team in 1977 and 1978. He helped the Princeton Tigers to win Ivy League championships in 1976 and 1977. Sowinski worked out with Bill Bradley during the offseasons of his sophomore and junior years.
Professional career
Sowinski was selected by the New Jersey Nets in the 1978 NBA draft. He attended rookie training camp with the Nets in August 1978 but signed a contract with the Tempus team in Madrid, Spain, before regular season training began. Sowinski also played with a touring team of American players in Italy.
Post-playing career
Sowinski returned to the United States and earned his Master's in Business Administration from the University of Virginia that launched him into a successful business career. He worked at Amerada Hess for three years. Sowinski then joined Dun & Bradstreet where he worked for 17 years and rose to the position of company president. He worked as a chief financial officer with PricewaterhouseCoopers and helped in selling the business to IBM in 2002.Sowinski has ran a career mentorship program for the basketball teams at Princeton since 2008. He chairs the Princeton Varsity Club.
References
External links
College statistics
|
sport
|
{
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"basketball"
]
}
|
Frank Sowinski is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Princeton Tigers and was selected as the Ivy League Player of the Year as a junior in 1977. Sowinski played professionally in Europe before he returned to the United States and embarked on a business career.
Early life
Sowinski was born in North Arlington, New Jersey, and moved to East Hanover, New Jersey, at the age of two. His grandparents were coal miners in northeast Pennsylvania who Sowinski visited frequently as a child. His interest in basketball began when he was in the sixth grade and read the book A Sense of Where You Are (1965) by John McPhee about Princeton basketball player Bill Bradley. Sowinski constructed his first basketball hoop by using a corroded pipe found in a junkyard and practiced for hours in the driveway of his home.
High school career
Sowinski did not make the varsity basketball team at Hanover Park High School until his junior year and began to travel to leagues in East Orange, New Jersey, to improve against better competition. Sowinski was noticed by Princeton assistant coach Gary Walters at a county tournament game in his senior year when he went 8-of-10 from the field, out-rebounded the other team and limited the leader scorer in the county to 8 points. Princeton head coach Pete Carril scouted Sowinski at a game when he had limited playing time due to foul trouble and instead focused his efforts on encouraging his teammates from the bench. Sowinski recollected: "My mom went up to Coach Carril and said, 'I guess you're not interested in him anymore' ... and he said, 'When I saw him on the bench, I wanted him more.'"Sowinski had interest from Delaware Blue Hares, Lafayette Leopards and the Lehigh Mountain Hawks but chose to join the Princeton Tigers.
College career
Sowinski led the Princeton Tigers freshman team with 19.0 points and 9.5 rebounds per game. He scored in double figures in every game he played as a sophomore during the 1975–76 season.Sowinski was selected as the Ivy League Player of the Year in 1977 and earned nominations to the All-Ivy League first team in 1977 and 1978. He helped the Princeton Tigers to win Ivy League championships in 1976 and 1977. Sowinski worked out with Bill Bradley during the offseasons of his sophomore and junior years.
Professional career
Sowinski was selected by the New Jersey Nets in the 1978 NBA draft. He attended rookie training camp with the Nets in August 1978 but signed a contract with the Tempus team in Madrid, Spain, before regular season training began. Sowinski also played with a touring team of American players in Italy.
Post-playing career
Sowinski returned to the United States and earned his Master's in Business Administration from the University of Virginia that launched him into a successful business career. He worked at Amerada Hess for three years. Sowinski then joined Dun & Bradstreet where he worked for 17 years and rose to the position of company president. He worked as a chief financial officer with PricewaterhouseCoopers and helped in selling the business to IBM in 2002.Sowinski has ran a career mentorship program for the basketball teams at Princeton since 2008. He chairs the Princeton Varsity Club.
References
External links
College statistics
|
family name
|
{
"answer_start": [
6
],
"text": [
"Sowinski"
]
}
|
Frank Sowinski is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Princeton Tigers and was selected as the Ivy League Player of the Year as a junior in 1977. Sowinski played professionally in Europe before he returned to the United States and embarked on a business career.
Early life
Sowinski was born in North Arlington, New Jersey, and moved to East Hanover, New Jersey, at the age of two. His grandparents were coal miners in northeast Pennsylvania who Sowinski visited frequently as a child. His interest in basketball began when he was in the sixth grade and read the book A Sense of Where You Are (1965) by John McPhee about Princeton basketball player Bill Bradley. Sowinski constructed his first basketball hoop by using a corroded pipe found in a junkyard and practiced for hours in the driveway of his home.
High school career
Sowinski did not make the varsity basketball team at Hanover Park High School until his junior year and began to travel to leagues in East Orange, New Jersey, to improve against better competition. Sowinski was noticed by Princeton assistant coach Gary Walters at a county tournament game in his senior year when he went 8-of-10 from the field, out-rebounded the other team and limited the leader scorer in the county to 8 points. Princeton head coach Pete Carril scouted Sowinski at a game when he had limited playing time due to foul trouble and instead focused his efforts on encouraging his teammates from the bench. Sowinski recollected: "My mom went up to Coach Carril and said, 'I guess you're not interested in him anymore' ... and he said, 'When I saw him on the bench, I wanted him more.'"Sowinski had interest from Delaware Blue Hares, Lafayette Leopards and the Lehigh Mountain Hawks but chose to join the Princeton Tigers.
College career
Sowinski led the Princeton Tigers freshman team with 19.0 points and 9.5 rebounds per game. He scored in double figures in every game he played as a sophomore during the 1975–76 season.Sowinski was selected as the Ivy League Player of the Year in 1977 and earned nominations to the All-Ivy League first team in 1977 and 1978. He helped the Princeton Tigers to win Ivy League championships in 1976 and 1977. Sowinski worked out with Bill Bradley during the offseasons of his sophomore and junior years.
Professional career
Sowinski was selected by the New Jersey Nets in the 1978 NBA draft. He attended rookie training camp with the Nets in August 1978 but signed a contract with the Tempus team in Madrid, Spain, before regular season training began. Sowinski also played with a touring team of American players in Italy.
Post-playing career
Sowinski returned to the United States and earned his Master's in Business Administration from the University of Virginia that launched him into a successful business career. He worked at Amerada Hess for three years. Sowinski then joined Dun & Bradstreet where he worked for 17 years and rose to the position of company president. He worked as a chief financial officer with PricewaterhouseCoopers and helped in selling the business to IBM in 2002.Sowinski has ran a career mentorship program for the basketball teams at Princeton since 2008. He chairs the Princeton Varsity Club.
References
External links
College statistics
|
given name
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Frank"
]
}
|
The Mountain Boy Range is a mountain range in Eureka County, Nevada.
== References ==
|
instance of
|
{
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"mountain range"
]
}
|
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