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Treatment of ototoxic auditory damage caused by kanamycin with electroacupuncture at different acupoints
We adopted the technique and method of integrating the morphology with function to select the effective acupoints for treatment of deafness. The results show that: (1) Tinggong (SI 19), Yifeng (TE 17), Waiguan (TE 5), Shenshu (UB 23), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Zhubin (KI 9) etc. are the effectine acupoints for the treatment of ototoxic auditory damage caused by drug, especially, the effect of Tinggong, Sanyinjiao and Zhubin etc, is much better; (2) electroacupuncture can promote audibility, improve SDH activity and relieve progressing injury of auditory hair cells, (3) FFR method has an important significance in the determination of ototoxic damage caused by drug.
Abstract This paper presents a model that connects phonotactic exceptionality to perceptibility, more specifically to functional load and acoustic detail. I identify two patterns in exceptionality: lexical exceptions and phonotactic vacillation, where the former is restricted to specific lexical items, while the latter affects two contrastive sound categories as a whole. Through the example of Hungarian word-final phonotactics, the Model of Perceptual Categorization associates these two patterns with different functional load and acoustic properties of contrasts, that lead to two categorizational malfunctions. On the one hand, phonotactic vacillation is a result of a frequent failure to categorize ambiguous tokens: low functional load coinciding with little acoustic difference. On the other hand, lexical exceptions are systematic categorizational mistakes brought about by salient categories – in this case distributional generalizations are hindered by interference from mislabeled tokens.
eng_Latn
28,300
[Epidemiologic significance of the immunofluorescence typing of Chlamydia psittaci].
A group of 39 strains isolated from pigeons, parakeets, parrots, sheep, goats, cats, guinea-pigs, mice and humans were immunotyped by a one-way or two-way cross-reaction micro-immunofluorescence test. Eight immunotypes were found. Among them, two new immunotypes were characterized: a cat conjunctivitis strain and a mouse inapparent respiratory infection strain. The immunotypes of feline pneumonitis and guinea-pig conjunctivitis, recently described by Perez-Martinez and Storz, were confirmed. Three human strains were similar to avian isolates, while a fourth was identical to that of feline pneumonitis; this suggests a possible contamination of humans by cats.
Abstract This paper presents a model that connects phonotactic exceptionality to perceptibility, more specifically to functional load and acoustic detail. I identify two patterns in exceptionality: lexical exceptions and phonotactic vacillation, where the former is restricted to specific lexical items, while the latter affects two contrastive sound categories as a whole. Through the example of Hungarian word-final phonotactics, the Model of Perceptual Categorization associates these two patterns with different functional load and acoustic properties of contrasts, that lead to two categorizational malfunctions. On the one hand, phonotactic vacillation is a result of a frequent failure to categorize ambiguous tokens: low functional load coinciding with little acoustic difference. On the other hand, lexical exceptions are systematic categorizational mistakes brought about by salient categories – in this case distributional generalizations are hindered by interference from mislabeled tokens.
eng_Latn
28,301
Wind induced vibrations of chimneys using an improved quasi-steady theory for galloping
Abstract Aeroelastic phenomena play a very significant part in the design of large civil engineering structures. This paper deals with the interference galloping occurring on in-line low rise 3D-shaped chimneys. The quasi-steady and 2D assumptions are not well adapted to this problem. A weak quasi-steady model is introduced to improve the reliability of predictions. The originality of this work lies principally in its physical interpretations and in the calculation of the time lag between aeroelastic forces and structural deflection. The 3D nature of the problem is taken into account by using local pressure coefficients from wind tunnel tests. Some typical results are presented for cases where a critical wind velocity appears.
Abstract This paper presents a model that connects phonotactic exceptionality to perceptibility, more specifically to functional load and acoustic detail. I identify two patterns in exceptionality: lexical exceptions and phonotactic vacillation, where the former is restricted to specific lexical items, while the latter affects two contrastive sound categories as a whole. Through the example of Hungarian word-final phonotactics, the Model of Perceptual Categorization associates these two patterns with different functional load and acoustic properties of contrasts, that lead to two categorizational malfunctions. On the one hand, phonotactic vacillation is a result of a frequent failure to categorize ambiguous tokens: low functional load coinciding with little acoustic difference. On the other hand, lexical exceptions are systematic categorizational mistakes brought about by salient categories – in this case distributional generalizations are hindered by interference from mislabeled tokens.
eng_Latn
28,302
Morphological characterization of basophilic cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with bronchial asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
SHINDOH, Y., TANNO, Y., IDA, S. and TAKISHIMA, T. Morphological Characterization of Basophilic Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids from Patients with Bronchial Asthma and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1987, 152 (1), 101-102 - A marked increase in the number of basophilic cells (BCs) was found in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from the patients with bronchial asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Histochemical analysis revealed that basophils were the major components of BCs in asthmatic patients, while formalin-insensitive BCs, which are presumed to be connective tissue mast cells, were observed in BAL fluids from IPF patients. In control subjects, almost all of BCs were mucosal mast cells.
Abstract This paper presents a model that connects phonotactic exceptionality to perceptibility, more specifically to functional load and acoustic detail. I identify two patterns in exceptionality: lexical exceptions and phonotactic vacillation, where the former is restricted to specific lexical items, while the latter affects two contrastive sound categories as a whole. Through the example of Hungarian word-final phonotactics, the Model of Perceptual Categorization associates these two patterns with different functional load and acoustic properties of contrasts, that lead to two categorizational malfunctions. On the one hand, phonotactic vacillation is a result of a frequent failure to categorize ambiguous tokens: low functional load coinciding with little acoustic difference. On the other hand, lexical exceptions are systematic categorizational mistakes brought about by salient categories – in this case distributional generalizations are hindered by interference from mislabeled tokens.
eng_Latn
28,303
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Lysine Derivatives.
The stereoselective aminolysis of the azlactone of DL-diacetyllysine by the action of S-α-phenylethylamine in t-BuOH leads to an excess of the SS-diastereomer of the α-phenylethylamine or diaceyllysine. Crystallization of the mixture of diastereomeric amides gave the optically pure S-α-phenylethylamide of S-diacetyllysine.
Although it is well‐established that children with Specific Language Impairment characteristically optionally inflect forms that require tense and agreement marking, their abilities with regards to derivational suffixation are less well understood. In this paper we provide evidence from children with Grammatical‐Specific Language Impairment (G‐SLI) that derivational suffixes, unlike tense and agreement suffixes, are not omitted in elicitation tasks. We investigate two types of derivation – comparative/superlative formation and adjective‐from‐noun formation – and reveal that G‐SLI children supply these suffixes at high rates, equivalent to their language matched peers. Moreover, increasing the phonological or morphological complexity of the stimulus does not trigger suffix omission, although it results in non‐target forms that are not characteristic of typically developing children. We discuss what these results reveal about the nature of the deficit in G‐SLI within the context of three hypotheses of SLI: ...
deu_Latn
28,304
Prosodic boundaries in German: Final lengthening in spontaneous speech.
Most theories of prosodic structure postulate at least two phrasal categories above the word level, a minor and a major one. One correlate of phrasal boundary marking is lengthening on the right edge of a phrase. To gain a theory neutral understanding of the nature of prosodic boundaries, a Gaussian mixed model (GMM) was applied to durational data, estimating the underlying clusters of a continuous distribution. Spontaneous speech data were collected with standardized interviews from 19 adolescent speakers of a multi‐ethnolect (Kiezdeutsch, Hood German) spoken in Berlin, orthographically transcribed and added to a database that allowed for searches of the particle “so”(so or like) in different conditions. Acoustic durations of /z/ and /o/ of so in phrase final position (as determined by orthographical markings or by following pauses) were labeled and z‐transformed per speaker. The results show that a model including two clusters accounts best for the data. Nevertheless, there is an overlap between the two...
ABSTRACTSince its formulation, the Menzerath-Altmann law (MAL) has gone through continuing validation and development when applied to different languages or different language units. However, wheth...
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28,305
Each word is followed by examples of misspellings : Mispronunciation is known to be one of the most common causes of misspelling .
Each word is followed by examples of misspellings : Mispronunciation is one of the most common causes of misspelling .
See also : Comparison of web browsers #Vulnerabilities Internet Explorer has been subjected to many security vulnerabilities and concerns : Much of the spyware , adware , and computer viruses across the Internet are made possible by exploitable bugs and flaws in the security architecture of Internet Explorer , sometimes requiring nothing more than viewing of a malicious web page in order to install themselves .
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An individual in the crowd shouted , `` I ca n't hear you , '' to which Bush replied , `` I can hear you .
A person in the crowd shouted , `` I ca n't hear you , '' to which Bush replied , `` I can hear you .
In a method he uses to this day , using a switch he selects phrases , words or letters from a bank of about 2,500 -- 3,000 that are scanned .
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28,307
My mother used to correct me all the time when I was younger when I would talk about bringing a toy to a friend’s house instead of taking it there. Which is correct, and why?
English (other than American English) has a clear differentiation between the two words. Both are about translocating something. In "bring" the something of somebody is moved to where the speaker is currently situated. "Take" is used to translocate something or somebody to a place that the speaker is not currently at. You cannot “bring” your books to school if you are currently at home. You can only take them to school. Most of the time one can get the meaning from the context of the sentence but it can get very confusing when the other party is on the telephone and you do not know their location. Why does American English not differentiate and when did it lose the differentiation?
English (other than American English) has a clear differentiation between the two words. Both are about translocating something. In "bring" the something of somebody is moved to where the speaker is currently situated. "Take" is used to translocate something or somebody to a place that the speaker is not currently at. You cannot “bring” your books to school if you are currently at home. You can only take them to school. Most of the time one can get the meaning from the context of the sentence but it can get very confusing when the other party is on the telephone and you do not know their location. Why does American English not differentiate and when did it lose the differentiation?
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28,308
Vowel Acoustics in Adults With Apraxia of Speech
Purpose To investigate the hypothesis that vowel production is more variable in adults with acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) relative to healthy individuals with unimpaired speech. Vowel formant fr...
Study Design.Videoflurographic swallowing study in asymptomatic volunteersObjective.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of dysphagia and various parameters of the subjects.Summary of Background Data.Occipitocervical fixation (OCF) is associated with sev
eng_Latn
28,309
hiccough vs hiccup
Are there regional distinctions in how hiccup/hiccough is spelled?
Are there regional distinctions in how hiccup/hiccough is spelled?
eng_Latn
28,310
Why is the past tense of vomit generally spelled 'vomited' rather than 'vomitted'?
Past participle form of "exit"?
PrintWriter and PrintStream never throw IOExceptions
eng_Latn
28,311
what is the definition of apraxia
Apraxia is an acquired disorder of motor planning, but is not caused by incoordination, sensory loss, or failure to comprehend simple commands (which can be tested by asking the person to recognize the correct movement from a series). It is caused by damage to specific areas of the cerebrum.
Apraxia of speech is an acquired oral motor speech disorder affecting an individual's ability to translate conscious speech plans into motor plans, which results in limited and difficult speech ability. By the definition of apraxia, AOS affects volitional movement patterns, however AOS usually also affects automatic speech. Individuals with AOS have difficulty connecting speech messages from the brain to the mouth. AOS is a loss of prior speech ability resulting from a brain injury such as a str
eng_Latn
28,312
how to pronounce integumentary
Pronunciation: In-Ta-gum-mint-airy Upload the Wav/MP3 file / Record Integumentary in your own voice
The Integumentary system is an organ that consist of the skin, its derivatives (sweat and oil glands), nails and hair. The basic function of the skin is protection. The skin consists of epidermis and dermis.
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28,313
The Formation Mechanism of Letter Words and
The letter words have begun to enter the modern Chinese lexical system and effectively undertaken the social communicative functions both in science and technology and in everyday life. The Chinese letter words results from the operation of the natural selection mechanism of the Chinese language. The chance that triggers the selection mechanism is mainly the compensation principle of language contact, language economical principle and the psychology for novelty and difference. The essence of Chinese letter words is the inheritance and variation of the foreign load words. Chinese lettered-words inject new blood to Chinese vocabulary system, enrich Chinese phonetic system, ideographic diversification and the Chinese word formation.
Key message ::: Physical interaction and phosphorylation by CaMPK9 protects the degradation of CaWRKY40 that induces resistance response in chickpea to Fusarium wilt disease by modulating the transcription of defense responsive genes.
eng_Latn
28,314
Phonetic universals and phonological change
Phonetic Universals and Phonological Change By Hector Raul J a v k i n A.B. ( U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a ) 1972 M.A. ( U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a ) 1974 C . P h i l . ( U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a ) 1977 DISSERTATION S u b m i t t e d i n p a r t i a l s a t i s f a c t i o n of t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e d e g r e e of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Linguistics in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Approved rk^fh^^r.. $. l ftyf}f. Committee i n Charge mm CONFERRED JUNE 16 w a
This work discusses the nature and significance of molecular, ultrastructural, and behavioural characters that can be used in phylogenetic analyses of rotifers.
eng_Latn
28,315
How do you pronounce drama in english?
How does an Israeli pronounce English?
How do you say i never used to in spanish?
eng_Latn
28,316
What is the Swahili word for journey?
BBC - Languages - Swahili - A Guide to Swahili - 10 facts about the Swahili language A Guide to Swahili A Guide to Swahili - 10 facts about the Swahili language Check the Swahili-only version 1. Where is Swahili spoken? Swahili has official language status in Tanzania and Kenya and is also widely spoken in Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Comoros Islands. It’s also spoken by smaller numbers in Burundi, Rwanda, Northern Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique. The word for the Swahili language is  Kiswahili. The name comes from the plural sawahili of the Arabic word sahil, which means boundaries or coast. With ki- at the beginning of the word, Kiswahili means coastal language. 2. What you already know about Swahili Other than Arabic, Swahili has been influenced and taken some words from English, for example:  polisi, police  redio, radio The word  safari means journey in Swahili. In English it means an expedition to observe, hunt animals in their natural habitats e.g. National Parks in Africa or even Australia. The word  chai means tea. 3. How hard is it to learn? Swahili is said to be the easiest African language for an English speaker to learn. It’s one of the few sub-Saharan African languages that have no lexical tone, just like in English. It’s also much easier to read as you read out Swahili words just the way they are written. Someone who speaks Arabic may find it easier to learn Swahili because Swahili is a combination of words from Arabic and the Bantu-speaking communities of East Africa. One of the main differences with English is that Swahili uses particles at the beginning of the word to indicate verb tense (present, past, future) and person (I, you, we, they, etc). For example, from the verb  kwenda, to go, I am going is  nina-kwenda. Ni indicates I and na the present tense. The main pronoun prefixes are:  Ni, I - singular 4. The most difficult words and tongue twisters   Wale wari wa Liwale wala wali wa Liwali Those from Liwale eat the rice of chief Liwale (Here Liwale is both a district in Tanzania and the name of a chief).   Mjomba mjomba kamchapa mkia wa komba Uncle beats someone with a tail of a bush baby.   Kichwa cha twiga.   Mpishi mbishi kapika mchicha mbichi. A chef has cooked spinach that turned out undercooked.   Kipikikusikitishacho?   Kikusikitishacho is the longest word in Swahili. It is not a word that can stand on its own, but when combined with   kipi means What’s bugging you? 5. Know any good Swahili jokes?  Mtoto alitumwa gazeti la tarehe nane (8), akaenda kwa muuza magazeti kununua gazeti lakini alipofika alikuta gazeti la tarehe nane hakuna kwa hiyo akachukua magazeti ya tarehe nne (4) mawili. A kid was told to go buy a newspaper dated 8th. The kid went to the magazine stand but a newspaper on that date wasn’t available anymore so he took two magazines dated 4th. 6. If I learn Swahili, will it help me with any other languages? Around 35% of the Swahili vocabulary comes from Arabic. This is due to more than twelve centuries of contact with Arabic-speaking inhabitants of the coast of Zanj. Swahili has also gained Persian, English, Portuguese, German and French words through contact during the last five centuries. Swahili is becoming the lingua franca of East Africa and many parts of Central Africa, which is another useful reason to learn some. 7. What not to say and do One word which can lead to confusion depending on the way you pronounce it is  barabara - it can mean either a road if you just ease up your tongue or exactly if you're strong on the r:  barabara. Some words have different meanings, like  maziwa. It can refer to milk but sometimes Swahili speakers also use it as a word for breast. The most widely-used word for breast, however, is   matiti. 8. Famous idioms and proverbs  Hakuna matata is the most popular quote and means no worries. The phrase gained international recognition after it was used in the animated movie The Lion King. Swahili proverbs known as  methali usually feature puns. They are often used in the lyrics of local musicians. Examples of some famous proverbs
Learn Arabic - Arabic Alphabet Made Easy - Jim, Ha, and Kha - YouTube Learn Arabic - Arabic Alphabet Made Easy - Jim, Ha, and Kha Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Sep 16, 2013 Click here to get our FREE App & More Free Lessons at ArabicPod101: http://www.ArabicPod101.com/video Learn Arabic with ArabicPod101.com! Welcome to ArabicPod101.com's Arabic Alphabet Made Easy series. In this video series, you will learn the Arabic alphabet. We will teach you the alphabet using simple steps, showing you the correct stroke order, helpful tricks for memorization, and proper usage in common Arabic words. If you want to get started reading and writing Arabic, this is THE place to start. You'll learn Arabic in mere minutes with these audio and video lessons, so join us for Arabic Alphabet Made Easy from ArabicPod101.com! In this lesson, we'll show you how to write three letters in Arabic: Jim, Ha, and Kha, and we'll teach you a few words you can write with these letters. Are you ready to learn more Arabic characters and words? Visit us at ArabicPod101.com, where you will find Arabic lesson notes and many more fantastic lessons and learning resources! Leave us a message while you are there! Find out more, go to: http://www.arabicpod101.com/2013/08/0...
eng_Latn
28,317
From which language do we get the words caramel, marmalade and tapioca?
Introduction to the Portuguese Language Linguim » Learn Portuguese » Introduction to the Portuguese Language Introduction to the Portuguese Language Portuguese is a descendant of Latin, and hence one of the languages that fall into the Romance group, along with Spanish and Italian (with which it is most closely related), French, Catalan, Romanian, and Rumansch. It is the official language of Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé & Príncipe. It is also spoken in Macau and East Timor, and there are numerous countries throughout the world with large numbers of Portuguese-speaking immigrants. It is estimated that over 200 million people worldwide speak Portuguese—it is the fifth or sixth most widely-spoken native language in the world. Portuguese developed out of the common Latin speech on the Iberian Peninsula at the same time as Spanish; by the 9th century AD, it had developed into a distinct language. Like Spanish, Portuguese was spread worldwide as a result of exploration. As a note of interest, the words pan (bread) and arigatoo (thank you) in Japanese were borrowed from the Portuguese words pan and obrigado during the Portuguese trading adventures to the Japan islands. There are two main dialects of Portuguese, European and Brazilian, with numerous subdialects of each. Only the European and Brazilian versions, however, are used for teaching. Brazilian Portuguese was influenced by both Native American and African dialects and had around 300 years to develop in isolation from its European sister, resulting in significant pronunciation differences. Each variant, however, is mutually understandable by the other. Because it is closely related to Italian and Spanish, Portuguese is still considered one of the easiest languages to learn for an English speaker to learn. Portuguese has many cognates—that is, words that are related to similar words in English. Because English adopted such a huge percentage of its vocabulary from French after the Norman Conquest of 1066, and because French and Portuguese are sister languages, many words in Portuguese are easily recognized and learned by English speakers. Here are a few examples:   conversação   There are thousands of such cognates, and once a learner has recognized the patterns, many words can be created on the fly. That said, some cognates are “false”, and two words that look similar may have entirely different meanings—more on that later. English has already borrowed many words from Portuguese that are familiar to us: albacore, caramel, mango, piranha, tank, stevedore, tapioca, and many others. What are some of the challenges for an English speaker learning Portuguese? As mentioned above, cognates are a great help in learning a language, but there are pitfalls. Fortunately, the “false friends” are much less common, but the learner should be aware of them. Portuguese assistir means to watch, not to help; cândido means innocent or naïve, not candid; and piedade means pity, not piety. Portuguese pronunciation is more difficult than Spanish or Italian. The Portuguese trilled “r” is difficult for some English learners, and Portuguese vowels—particularly the Brazilian kind—encompass many nasals and glides that can be difficult for an English speaker to master. Fortunately, these sounds are not as hard to grasp as, for example, the tones used in Mandarin Chinese, and it will just take practice. Portuguese verbs can be complicated. Like all Romance languages, there is a difference between a familiar “you” and a formal “you”. We have a remnant of this in the English “thou”, but it appears only in Shakespeare and the King James Bible, as far as most people are aware. There are many verb forms that we do not use in English, particularly the subjunctive mood, but fortunately these are not necessary to be understood in basic conversation. They are worth mastering, however, if you wish to learn the language well. All Portuguese nouns have gender, masculine and feminine. There are some rules and some patterns, but for the most part every noun has to be le
Floreat Salopia - Welcome Floreat Salopia Technology Lesson Plan Welcome Readers Welcome to my blog. My name is Oliver Gough, I am currently a graduate student at Montclair State University studying Masters in Arts in Teaching in Physical Education. I am a native of Shrewsbury, England (See picture left) and studied my undergraduate course, BSc (combined) Health Studies and Exercise Science at Liverpool Univeristy, England. The aim of this blog is to hopefully help me express my views on 21st century topics in teaching as well as learn from others and their opinions. I hope to gain knowledge from my peers and their personal views on the subjects I blog about The heading for my blog "Floreat Salopia" is a motto used in the county I am from in England. The term "Floreat Salopia" is Latin for Let Salop Flourish. Salop was the original name for my hometown of Shrewsbury. So as you enter the town, or see sporting attire and anything associated with the town, the motto "Floreat Salopia" is emblazoned across. Shrewsbury (or Salop) is also the birthplace of the great English naturalist, Charles Darwin. He is most famous for proposing the scientific theory that the branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process called natural selection. Create a free website
eng_Latn
28,318
In what country is Khmer the primary language?
Cambodia - LANGUAGES LANGUAGES Cambodia Table of Contents The majority of Cambodians, even those who are not ethnic Khmer, speak Khmer, the official language of the country. Ethnic Khmer living in Thailand, in Vietnam, and in Laos speak dialects of Khmer that are more or less intelligible to Khmer speakers from Cambodia. Minority languages include Vietnamese, Cham, several dialects of Chinese, and the languages of the various hill tribes. Austroasiatic-Mon-Khmer Khmer belongs to the Mon-Khmer family of the Austroasiatic phylum of languages. American linguists David Thomas and Robert Headley have divided the Mon-Khmer family into nine branches: Pearic in western Cambodia and eastern Thailand; Khmer in Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos; Bahnaric in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia; Katuic in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia; Khmuic in Laos, Thailand, and China; Monic in Burma and Thailand; Palaungic in Burma, China, and Thailand; Khasi in Assam (India); and Viet-Muong in Vietnam. Of the languages in the Mon-Khmer family, Vietnamese has the largest number of speakers (about 47 million); Khmer, has the next largest (about 8 million). Khmer, in contrast to Vietnamese, Thai, Lao, and Chinese, is nontonal. Native Khmer words may be composed of one or two syllables. Khmer is uninflected, but it has a rich system of affixes, including infixes, for derivation. Generally speaking, Khmer has nouns (including pronouns as a special subcategory), verbs (including stative verbs or adjectives), adverbs, and various kinds of words called particles (including verbal auxiliaries, prepositions, conjunctions, final particles, and interjections). Many Khmer words change, chameleon-like, from one part of speech to another, depending on the context. The normal word order is subject-verb-object. Adjectival modifiers follow the nouns they modify. Khmer, like its neighbors, Thai, Lao, and Burmese, has borrowed extensively from other languages, especially the Indic languages of Sanskrit and Pali. Khmer uses Sanskrit and Pali roots much as English and other West European languages use Latin and Greek roots to derive new, especially scientific, words. Khmer has also borrowed terms-- especially financial, commercial, and cooking terms--from Chinese. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Khmer borrowed from French as well. These latter borrowings have been in the realm of material culture, especially the names for items of modern Western technology, such as buuzii (spark plug) from the French bougie. Khmer is written in a script derived from a south Indian alphabet. The language has symbols for thirty-three consonants, twenty-four dependent vowels, twelve independent vowels, and several diacritic. Most consonants have reduced or modified forms, called subscripts, when they occur as the second member of a consonant cluster. Vowels may be written before, after, over, or under a consonant symbol. Some efforts to standardize Khmer spelling have been attempted, but inconsistencies persist, and many words have more than one accepted spelling. A two-volume dictionary prepared under the direction of the Venerable Chuon Nath of the Buddhist Institute in Phnom Penh is the standard work on Khmer lexicography. Khmer is divided into three stages--Old Khmer (seventh to twelfth century A.D.), Middle Khmer (twelfth to seventeenth century A.D.), and Modern Khmer (seventeenth century to the present). It is likely that Old Khmer was the language of Chenla. What the language of Funan was, but it was is not at all certain, probably a Mon-Khmer language. The earliest inscription in Khmer, found at Angkor Borei in Takev Province south of Phnom Penh, dates from A.D. 611. Austronesian The Austronesian
CnamB | Camogie | Virginia Modern Cumann na mBan in teal Proudly sponsored by: Welcome/Fáilte Cumann na mBan (CnamB for short), is a camogie team of over 30 women of all ages and walks of life in Coastal Virginia (aka "the 757"). Camogie is the all-women version of the ancient sport of hurling, believed to be the oldest field sport, and the Camogie Association was officially founded in Ireland in 1903. Team Updates Follow Us On Your Favorite Social Media: April 3, 2016 - CnamB is kicking off our camogie Spring Mermaid League! As always, we owe a huge thanks to the 2016 Mermaid League team sponsors, Mermaid Winery  and Lewis Communication.   The Selkies and the Sirens will play alternating Sundays at Lafayette Park in Norfolk, VA , (right next to the Zoo) and the athletic field at Spratley School in Hampton, VA . We will be rotating game times with the two hurling games as follows:   4/3 - 12PM Game at Lafayette Park 4/10 - 11AM Game at Spratley School 4/17 - 10AM Game at Lafayette Park 4/24 - 12PM Game at Spratley School 5/1 - NO GAMES - CHARLESTON 5/8 - 11AM Game at Lafayette Park 5/15 - 10AM Game at Spratley 5/29 - Final Game at Lafayette   CnamB is actively recruiting new players for the leauge, no matter your level of experience! Check out our FaceBook page for information on practices (free and we have all the equipment you need) and league registration. Fans are welcomed and encouraged (there are bathrooms, stands and plenty of room for chairs). “Dress suitably in short skirts and sitting boots, leave your jewels and gold wands in the bank, and buy a revolver.”  Countess Markievicz 4696 Princess Anne Road, Virginia Beach Larkspur Middle School
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28,319
How do you spell thank you in Thai?
How do you spell poo in thai?
How do you spell poo in thai?
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28,320
How do you write the sound of a raspberry?
How would you spell a sound?
How do you write the sound of a bull?
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28,321
Why do you use Unstressed vowel?
What is an unstressed vowel?
What is an unstressed vowel?
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Locally , the name is pronounced as `` GO-chay . ''
Locally , the name is pronounced as `` go-CHAY , '' reflecting its French origin .
The x sound is made by placing the tongue so that the back of the tongue touches the soft palate and the sides and tip of the tongue touch the gums .
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28,323
What is the clear difference between stressed and unstressed syllable and how are they used?
What is the clear difference between stressed and unstressed syllable?
Why is a hollow shaft is better than a solid shaft?
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Koro is spoken by only about 800 people, few of them under the age of 20 . Linguists traveling in northeast India came upon the language . Koro was not listed in any Indian language surveys or other sources . Koro's sounds distinctly different from other tongues spoken in region .
(CNN) -- Linguists announced Monday they have identified an endangered language known as Koro that is spoken by about 800 people in northeast India. The language was unknown to science and recently came to light during an expedition by linguists traveling in India on fellowships for National Geographic, the linguists said in telephone interviews. Koro belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family, which is composed of a group of about 400 languages spoken primarily in east, central, south and southeast Asia and includes Tibetan and Burmese, according to linguist K. David Harrison. Some 150 Tibeto-Burman languages are spoken in India alone, but no other language has been identified as closely related, said Harrison, an associate professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Like most languages, Koro is unwritten and transmitted orally. It is neither a dialect nor a sister language close to Hruso-Aka, despite being considered such by both Hruso and Koro people. Koro shares some vocabulary with other languages spoken in the region but shares more features with languages spoken farther east, such as Milang and Tani, the linguists said in a news release issued by National Geographic. Harrison and another National Geographic Fellow, Greg Anderson, led the expedition, called Enduring Voices, which brought Koro to light. Enduring Voices documents vanishing languages and cultures and assists with language revitalization. Harrison and Anderson, director of the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, in Salem, Oregon, focused on Arunachal Pradesh, a remote area of northeast India that is considered the black hole of the linguistic world. It is a language hotspot where there is room to study rich, diverse languages, many unwritten or documented. A permit is required to visit, few linguists have worked there and a reliable list of languages has never been drawn up. "On a scientist's tally sheet, Koro adds just one entry to the list of 6,909 languages worldwide. But Koro's contribution is much greater than that tiny fraction would suggest," Harrison writes in his book, "The Last Speakers." "Koro brings an entirely different perspective, history, mythology, technology and grammar to what was known before." In the news release, the linguists described their discovery as bittersweet: Of the approximately 800 people who speak Koro, few are under the age of 20, meaning the language is endangered. "We were finding something that was making its exit, was on its way out," Anderson said. "And if we had waited 10 years to make the trip, we might not have come across close to the number of speakers we found." The team set out in 2008 in Arunachal Pradesh to document Aka and Miji, languages spoken in a small district there. The expedition went door to door among homes propped up on stilts to reach potential speakers of those little-known languages. While recording the vocabularies, they detected a third language -- Koro. It was not listed in Indian language surveys, Indian censuses or standard international registries. "We didn't have to get far on our word list to realize it was extremely different in every possible way," Harrison said. The inventory of sounds and the way these sounds were combined to form words were distinct from other languages spoken in the region. An Aka speaker would call a pig "vo" and a Koro speaker would call a pig "lele." "Koro could hardly sound more different from Aka," Harrison writes. "They sound as different as, say, English and Japanese." Anderson and Harrison said Aka is the traditional language of the region's historic slave traders, and they hypothesized that Koro may have sprung from the slaves; though they said more study is needed to determine the origin. The project reports that a language becomes extinct every two weeks. By 2100, it is estimated that more than half of the 6,910 languages spoken on earth will vanish. The team will return to India to continue studying Koro in November.
By . Associated Press Reporter . PUBLISHED: . 00:41 EST, 23 December 2012 . | . UPDATED: . 01:46 EST, 23 December 2012 . She is one wise primate. Colo the first gorilla born in a zoo, is turning 56 and celebrating her birthday with some special treats at her central Ohio home. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums says Colo, a female western lowland gorilla, is the oldest gorilla in any zoo. Happy Birthday: Colo, the first gorilla born in a zoo, celebrated her 56th birthday on December 22, 2012, with her favorite food, tomatoes . Zoo veteran: Colo, a female western lowland gorilla, is the oldest gorilla in any zoo . She was born at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium in 1956. The zoo marked Colo's birthday on Saturday with a cake specially prepared for her and other gifts, including her favourite food, tomatoes. The zoo included guests in the fun by having them sing ‘Happy Birthday.’ More than 50 years ago: Colo, of Columbus, Ohio zoo, was the first gorilla to survive birth in captivity . Smart monkey: Baby Colo being given a psychological test for aptitude . Clean monkey: Baby Colo getting a bath . Colo is a mother of three. Her family tree includes more than two dozen descendants living at zoos across the country. Big celebration: Colo opens her birthday presents as children watch .
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What can be the best reply to hmm in any conversation?
What is the best reply to "hmm.."?
What will be the expression of a Tamilian if he/she meets another Tamilian in a foreign country?
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The Hawaiian Language Nearly Died. A Radio Show Sparked Its Revival
The voice was soft and scratchy, as if a bit timid in front of the microphone. "Ae," she said, meaning "yes" in Hawaiian, when asked a question by a male voice. "Ae hanau ia wau i Honoma'ele." ("Yes, I was born in Honoma'ele," she said.) That voice of an elderly Hawaiian woman was that of my great-grandmother, Martha Kekauililani Kahanu Iwanaga, speaking her native language on a Honolulu radio program more than 40 years ago. The first time I heard the CD recording, it sent chills down my spine. I never met my great-grandmother, but hearing her speak in the rounded sounds and lyrical vowels that make up the Hawaiian language was like magic. It was a way to meet her, and, for the first time, I heard people speaking the Hawaiian language to each other. It was beautiful — musical, even, just like the strums of the ukulele that she played later on the show. The show, it turns out, sparked a much larger movement to save a language. In Hawaii today, nearly everyone knows how to speak at least a few words and phrases of Hawaiian. But the practice of primarily speaking the Hawaiian language from birth, as my great-grandmother and many other Hawaiians of her time did, nearly died with her generation. A man named Larry Kimura — the voice interviewing my great-grandmother on that radio program — and some student activists set out to change that. Today, Kimura is called the grandfather of the Hawaiian language's revitalization. In the 1970s, Kimura was a young professor, trying to teach himself Hawaiian, when he started a 90-minute radio program called Ka Leo Hawai'i. Out of a tiny studio on the ninth floor of a Waikiki office building, he began interviewing all the native language speakers he could find. He estimates there were about 2,000 of them left of this generation who grew up speaking Hawaiian in the home. Today, he puts that population at a couple of dozen. "This was a population of people who were in their 60s and older, who were senior citizen age — a group that I knew from my own upbringing with my own grandparents that they would not be with us for a long time," Kimura said. He conducted the interviews on KCCN Radio (a station that no longer goes by that name) because, he said, "It would be very important for them to be heard." Hearing Hawaiians talk to each other on the radio in their own language was radical at the time. Kimura said he had to convince the station that the project was worthwhile. But once people heard his interviews on the air, they wanted to understand what their elders were saying in Hawaiian. They wanted to be part of it, he said. The radio show sparked strong interest from many people who saw the language's status as a sign that their culture was slipping away. The Hawaiian language had been banned from school instruction in 1896, after the U.S. government illegally overthrew the Hawaiian government. From then on, in almost all public spaces, English quickly replaced Hawaiian. And by the time Kimura's show was on the air, there weren't many places to formally learn the Hawaiian language, even as a second language. "Language is the first aspect of a people to vanish," said Kimura, who is now a faculty member at the University of Hawaii's College of Hawaiian Language on the Hilo campus. "People don't recognize that until it's almost gone, because they're hanging onto their typical culture identification tags such as their songs, their dancing, their foods, their religion maybe, or what they wear or how they look. But language is the one that is slipping away without them noticing it. And by the time it happens, it's in very dire straits." Keiki Kawai'ae'a, director for Ka Haka 'Ula O Ke'elikolani College of Hawaiian Language at the University of Hawaii, was also part of the movement to revitalize Hawaiian. She was one of Kimura's students, and says the push to reclaim the language was part of a broader awakening of that era, which took on new meaning for Native Hawaiians. "The '70s is really part of that whole Hawaiian renaissance," she said. "You know, we were part of the generation where women were burning their bras, and civil rights, and people were asking, 'How come I can't speak the language of my grandparents? How come they had this and I don't have that?' " Kimura, Kawai'ae'a and other activists decided that the solution was not just to push for Hawaiian to be included in traditional schools. To revive the language, they wanted to start with young children — preschoolers — and build schools where instruction was provided entirely in Hawaiian. Their goal was ambitious: to create an entirely new generation of Hawaiian language speakers. They pushed, and eventually succeeded in getting Hawaii's Department of Education to allow them to create Hawaiian language "immersion schools" in the mid-1980s. And they started their first Hawaiian school called Pūnana Leo, which means "nest of voices." The state, however, did not offer any support or curriculum, Kimura said. So they did it on th
This week on Pop Culture Happy Hour, NPR Monkey See's Linda Holmes, Stephen Thompson, Gene Demby and Glen Weldon talk about the Grammys, Macklemore, and the state of reality TV. All that, plus What's Making Us Happy this week.
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The 'tranquillity chair' is a fabric doll built into a rocking chair . The chair was showcased yesterday at the International Home care and Rehabilitation exhibition in Tokyo, amongst 20,000 other products . The exhibition also showcased the baby seal robots known as 'Paro', an animatronic devices, developed for people who are too to care for live pets . Japan has the oldest population in the world, with one quarter of the population over the age of 65 .
It has been scientifically proven that receiving and giving hugs releases the body's natural 'love drug, oxytocin, calming your nervous system and boosting positive emotions. Now, a Japanese company has invented a chair that can provide those warm feelings on demand, an invention, they say, which is particularly useful for the elderly and those who live alone. The 'tranquility chair' is essentially a fabric doll built into a rocking chair. Scroll down for video . A demonstrator samples the 'tranquillity chair,' which is essentially is a fabric doll built into a rocking chair . The chair was showcased yesterday at the International Home care and Rehabilitation exhibition in Tokyo, amongst 20,000 other products . At present, about a quarter of Japan's population is over the age of 65, meaning the country's population is the oldest in the world . The female doll is a larger-than-life blonde figure dressed in an apron and a delightful hat, with extra long arms. 'They are comforting for people who live alone - they can talk to them and hug them. They also play old Japanese music, which is nostalgic for older people' said a spokesman for manufacturer UniCare. The chair was showcased yesterday at the International Home care and Rehabilitation exhibition in Tokyo.The three-day exhibition was geared towards products for Japan's increasing elderly population. At present, about a quarter of the country's population is over the age of 65, which makes them the oldest population in the world. This figure is expected to rise to 40 percent in the coming decades. Over 20,000 home care and rehabilitation products are being presented at the three-day exhibition. Along with wheelchairs, walkers, beds, and daily living aids, more unusual inventions were also on display. Another popular invention is the UniCare 'Life Rhythm Doll' – a robot which is programmed to assist the elderly in a number of ways, including by reminding them to take their medicine or when to go to the bathroom. Paro (above) is a robot baby seal, developed by Japanese automation company AIST, which allows people who are too old to look after a live pet to enjoy the company of a robotic creature . The lifelike seal cubs are designed to yelp, move around and open and close their eyes in response to their surroundings . Also showing were the baby seal robots known as 'Paro'. These animatronic devices, developed by Japanese automation company AIST, allow people who are too old to look after a live pet to enjoy the company of a robotic creature. The lifelike seal cubs are designed to yelp, move, open and close their eyes in response to their surroundings. Paro have been making a splash in rehabilitation treatment since 2004. 'Real animals can scratch and poo, but this one won't,' said a spokesperson for Paro.
(CNN) -- Linguists announced Monday they have identified an endangered language known as Koro that is spoken by about 800 people in northeast India. The language was unknown to science and recently came to light during an expedition by linguists traveling in India on fellowships for National Geographic, the linguists said in telephone interviews. Koro belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family, which is composed of a group of about 400 languages spoken primarily in east, central, south and southeast Asia and includes Tibetan and Burmese, according to linguist K. David Harrison. Some 150 Tibeto-Burman languages are spoken in India alone, but no other language has been identified as closely related, said Harrison, an associate professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Like most languages, Koro is unwritten and transmitted orally. It is neither a dialect nor a sister language close to Hruso-Aka, despite being considered such by both Hruso and Koro people. Koro shares some vocabulary with other languages spoken in the region but shares more features with languages spoken farther east, such as Milang and Tani, the linguists said in a news release issued by National Geographic. Harrison and another National Geographic Fellow, Greg Anderson, led the expedition, called Enduring Voices, which brought Koro to light. Enduring Voices documents vanishing languages and cultures and assists with language revitalization. Harrison and Anderson, director of the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, in Salem, Oregon, focused on Arunachal Pradesh, a remote area of northeast India that is considered the black hole of the linguistic world. It is a language hotspot where there is room to study rich, diverse languages, many unwritten or documented. A permit is required to visit, few linguists have worked there and a reliable list of languages has never been drawn up. "On a scientist's tally sheet, Koro adds just one entry to the list of 6,909 languages worldwide. But Koro's contribution is much greater than that tiny fraction would suggest," Harrison writes in his book, "The Last Speakers." "Koro brings an entirely different perspective, history, mythology, technology and grammar to what was known before." In the news release, the linguists described their discovery as bittersweet: Of the approximately 800 people who speak Koro, few are under the age of 20, meaning the language is endangered. "We were finding something that was making its exit, was on its way out," Anderson said. "And if we had waited 10 years to make the trip, we might not have come across close to the number of speakers we found." The team set out in 2008 in Arunachal Pradesh to document Aka and Miji, languages spoken in a small district there. The expedition went door to door among homes propped up on stilts to reach potential speakers of those little-known languages. While recording the vocabularies, they detected a third language -- Koro. It was not listed in Indian language surveys, Indian censuses or standard international registries. "We didn't have to get far on our word list to realize it was extremely different in every possible way," Harrison said. The inventory of sounds and the way these sounds were combined to form words were distinct from other languages spoken in the region. An Aka speaker would call a pig "vo" and a Koro speaker would call a pig "lele." "Koro could hardly sound more different from Aka," Harrison writes. "They sound as different as, say, English and Japanese." Anderson and Harrison said Aka is the traditional language of the region's historic slave traders, and they hypothesized that Koro may have sprung from the slaves; though they said more study is needed to determine the origin. The project reports that a language becomes extinct every two weeks. By 2100, it is estimated that more than half of the 6,910 languages spoken on earth will vanish. The team will return to India to continue studying Koro in November.
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Who constantly selected unaspirated characters?
According to the Rev. John Gulick: "The inhabitants of other Asiatic nations, who have had occasion to represent the words of their several languages by Chinese characters, have as a rule used unaspirated characters for the sounds, g, d, b. The Muslims from Arabia and Persia have followed this method … The Mongols, Manchu, and Japanese also constantly select unaspirated characters to represent the sounds g, d, b, and j of their languages. These surrounding Asiatic nations, in writing Chinese words in their own alphabets, have uniformly used g, d, b, & c., to represent the unaspirated sounds."
Phonetically in some languages, such as Navajo, aspiration of stops tends to be realised as voiceless velar airflow; aspiration of affricates is realised as an extended length of the frication.
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Tagalog is what kind of language?
Many Sanskrit loanwords are also found in Austronesian languages, such as Javanese, particularly the older form in which nearly half the vocabulary is borrowed. Other Austronesian languages, such as traditional Malay and modern Indonesian, also derive much of their vocabulary from Sanskrit, albeit to a lesser extent, with a larger proportion derived from Arabic. Similarly, Philippine languages such as Tagalog have some Sanskrit loanwords, although more are derived from Spanish. A Sanskrit loanword encountered in many Southeast Asian languages is the word bhāṣā, or spoken language, which is used to refer to the names of many languages.
Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'.
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Why is the k silent in: known /nəʊn/; knife /nʌɪf/, and knight /nʌɪt/? What does this specify?And what is k doing there if there is no need to pronounce it?
Why have a letter in a word when it’s silent in pronunciation, like the b in debt? Can anyone please clarify my uncertainty here?
Is there any specific word for a person who is always online on the Internet? I am just curious to know because staying online is like a profession nowadays.
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Change one letter in yabber, Australian for "to talk foolishly", & you get this, "to talk rapidly"
Full text of "Webster's elementary-school dictionary; abridged from ... You can search through the full text of this book on the web at |http: //books .google ..... The letters f , 1, and ftt the end of moaoayUaJbiMj and rtanding inunediately .... Words ending in i> generally drop the e and change itoy when adding -ing, ...... r. t. To learn for a cer- tainty, by trial, examination, or experiment ; get toknow.
TV ACRES: Creatures > Flub-a-dub/Flubdub (Howdy Doody) Flub-a-dub (originally Flubdub) was a unique South American animal with a duck's head, a cat's whiskers, ... four webbed feet), a raccoon's tail hairpiece, a dachshund's body and the memory of an elephant. ... to explain his absence from the HOWDY DOODY show while on vacation in the Caribbean in February of 1949.
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In cowboy talk,to drink whiskey was to "paint" these internal throat parts
Following the thread through the labyrinth - ResearchGate Readers can keep up with these dazzling new stories because Alice Munro has given us a ... ugly brown porch paint sloppily painted on a linoleum floor ..... At the end of 'Walker Brothers Cowboy,' the narrator comments, 'My father does not ..... with a whiskey-drinking cat: 'We found the one for you today, Mary' (Dance, 43).
Full text of "Rustic speech and folk-lore" - Internet Archive A glossary of dialectal and archaic words and phrases used in the West of Somerset and East Devon. ... The Dialect of Cumberland, with a chapter on its place-names. ..... Cum, Yks. Stf. Sike is also a native word, O.E. sic, a watercourse, which ..... It is not easy to make a typical selection of what may be called expressive...
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Hokkien has one of the most diverse what, among Chinese varieties?
Hokkien has one of the most diverse phoneme inventories among Chinese varieties, with more consonants than Standard Mandarin or Cantonese. Vowels are more-or-less similar to that of Standard Mandarin. Hokkien varieties retain many pronunciations that are no longer found in other Chinese varieties. These include the retention of the /t/ initial, which is now /tʂ/ (Pinyin 'zh') in Mandarin (e.g. 'bamboo' 竹 is tik, but zhú in Mandarin), having disappeared before the 6th century in other Chinese varieties.
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either uses the closed form without spaces (boomhuis = tree house) or inserts a hyphen (VVD-coryfee = outstanding member of the VVD, a political party). Like German, Dutch allows arbitrarily long compounds, but the longer they get, the less frequent they tend to be.
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A recent about "sure" put a question in my head: Wait, why is "sure" pronounced the way it is? The initial consonant is a voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ] as opposed to a voiceless alveolar fricative [s]. Another common word example is "sugar". I have always considered the phonetic oddity of "sugar" easily explainable. It originally came from Sanskrit by way of Arabic and the "sh" sound as a holdover indicating its provenance makes sense. Sugar originated in the Indian subcontinent and for much of European history it had to be imported into Europe by Middle Eastern merchants. Etymology Online: sugar (n.) late 13c., sugre, from Old French sucre "sugar" (12c.), from Medieval Latin succarum, from Arabic sukkar, from Persian shakar, from Sanskrit sharkara "ground or candied sugar," originally "grit, gravel" (cognate with Greek kroke "pebble"). That Etymology Online page has one vague line on its pronunciation change that doesn't tell us much besides unsubstantiated speculation: The pronunciation shift from s- to sh- is probably from the initial long vowel sound syu- (as in sure). But what about "sure"? It doesn't seem to have come from either Arabic or Indian languages sure (adj.) early 13c., "safe against attack, secure," later "firm, reliable" (c. 1300); "mentally certain, confident" (mid-14c.); "firm, strong, resolute" (c. 1400), from Old French seur, sur "safe, secure; undoubted, dependable, trustworthy" (12c.), from Latin securus "free from care, untroubled, heedless, safe"). Another word with a similar pronunciation pattern I can think of is "sumac", but in addition to [ʃ] it can also be pronounced with [s]. But we don't pronounce "super" with [ʃ], nor "suicide", nor "sue".
As far as I know, those are the only two. They should be pronounced Soogher and Soor, shouldn't they? I looked them up on Dictionary.com, and their etymologies reveal no trace of an SH, except where the listing for sugar had: Middle English sugre, sucre (noun) < Middle French sucre < Medieval Latin succārum < Italian zucchero < Arabic sukkar; obscurely akin to Persian shakar, Greek sákcharon I see an obscure kinship to shakar, but the word morphed so many times since then that the SH disappeared pretty much completely. And sure is even worse, with no sign of SH: Middle English sur ( e ) < Middle French sur, Old French seur < Latin sēcūrus Why are these the only two like this?
As far as I know, those are the only two. They should be pronounced Soogher and Soor, shouldn't they? I looked them up on Dictionary.com, and their etymologies reveal no trace of an SH, except where the listing for sugar had: Middle English sugre, sucre (noun) < Middle French sucre < Medieval Latin succārum < Italian zucchero < Arabic sukkar; obscurely akin to Persian shakar, Greek sákcharon I see an obscure kinship to shakar, but the word morphed so many times since then that the SH disappeared pretty much completely. And sure is even worse, with no sign of SH: Middle English sur ( e ) < Middle French sur, Old French seur < Latin sēcūrus Why are these the only two like this?
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Ok, there are two different ways to make the American r sound. They both think they are right and that the other is wrong. Make the r sound by retroflexing the tongue: Make the r sound by retracting the tongue: Note: Both methods agree that the tongue should not touch anything in the mouth. I think the retroflexed r is more natural. I have no way to make the retracted tongue because it is very uncomfortable for me. So which one is correct?
Following , this is how we correctly make the r sound: Let the throat vibrate since it is voiced. Round the lip a little. Raise the tip of the tongue towards the hard bump behind the upper front teeth, but do not let the tip of tongue touch the bump. This also makes the center of the tongue go down. The back part of the tongue is raised because you pull it into a tight ball Fold and raise the sides of the tongue so they touch the upper side-teeth. If we follow the above requirement, our tongue should have an s shape when we pronounce the r sound as depicted in the following sketch: Is it possible to raise the tip while raising the back and lowering the center of the tongue when making an r sound? How do native speakers make an r? P.S. My tongue is very short anyway!
Following , this is how we correctly make the r sound: Let the throat vibrate since it is voiced. Round the lip a little. Raise the tip of the tongue towards the hard bump behind the upper front teeth, but do not let the tip of tongue touch the bump. This also makes the center of the tongue go down. The back part of the tongue is raised because you pull it into a tight ball Fold and raise the sides of the tongue so they touch the upper side-teeth. If we follow the above requirement, our tongue should have an s shape when we pronounce the r sound as depicted in the following sketch: Is it possible to raise the tip while raising the back and lowering the center of the tongue when making an r sound? How do native speakers make an r? P.S. My tongue is very short anyway!
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What is the exception to this common characteristic?
Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /ɛ e/.
Chapter VII (of the first edition) addresses the evolution of instincts. His examples included two he had investigated experimentally: slave-making ants and the construction of hexagonal cells by honey bees. Darwin noted that some species of slave-making ants were more dependent on slaves than others, and he observed that many ant species will collect and store the pupae of other species as food. He thought it reasonable that species with an extreme dependency on slave workers had evolved in incremental steps. He suggested that bees that make hexagonal cells evolved in steps from bees that made round cells, under pressure from natural selection to economise wax. Darwin concluded:
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Pronounce Portuguese
This is a guide to Portuguese pronunciation. Notice that Portuguese is a language spoken in many different parts of the world (mainly in Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, East Timor, São Tomé and Príncipe), and therefore there exist many different accents.
Have you ever wondered how to properly hold a Chinese brush pen?
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Pronounce Sao Paulo
The Portuguese language has some interesting pronunciation challenges, but they can be easily mastered if you find analogues in your own language. The nasal "-ão" termination for words can be particularly challenging.
On an SAK channel, each week, viewers have an opportunity to have their names published in the following week's video. Earning a shout-out is a big deal, especially for huge fans.
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Understand Guinea Pig Language
Ever wanted to know what guinea pigs were trying to say to you? Are their squeaks confusing you? Want to understand and communicate with them? Then read on!
This wikiHow teaches you how to enable multiple dictionaries in your iPhone so that you can look up words in different languages.
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What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella?
A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.
Short-term memory is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information, and to a lesser extent a visual code. Conrad (1964) found that test subjects had more difficulty recalling collections of letters that were acoustically similar (e.g. E, P, D). Confusion with recalling acoustically similar letters rather than visually similar letters implies that the letters were encoded acoustically. Conrad's (1964) study, however, deals with the encoding of written text; thus, while memory of written language may rely on acoustic components, generalisations to all forms of memory cannot be made.
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what's the proper pronunciation of karaoke?
Karaoke (カラオケ, clipped compound of Japanese kara 空 empty and ōkesutora オーケストラ orchestra) /ˌkæriˈoʊki/ or /ˌkærəˈoʊki/ Japanese: [kaɽaoke], is a form of interactive entertainment or video game in which an amateur singer sings along with recorded music (a music video) using a microphone and public address system.
Pronunciation. ( 1 Balearic, Central) IPA: /ˈmar/. ( 2 Valencian) IPA: /ˈmaɾ/. 3 Homophones: ma, mà. 4 Rhymes: -a(ɾ) 5 Hyphenation: mar.
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What is the most used consenant in the alphabet?
What is the most used consonant in the alphabet?
When is a conjunction mostly used?
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Is victim a double consonant?
Is there a word that has the double consonant q?
Victims of swine flu?
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In 1999 , the American Dialect Society chose `` she '' as the word of the past millennium .
In 1999 , the American Dialect Society chose `` she '' as the word of the past millennium ( 1000-year period ) .
In a method he uses to this day , using a switch he selects phrases , words or letters from a bank of about 2,500 -- 3,000 that are scanned .
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Essjay had responded at the time with a statement on his Wikipedia page , in part reading : Reaction from within the Wikipedia community to the Essjay\/Jordan identity discrepancy was sharp , voluminous , and mixed .
Essjay had said in reply at the time with a statement on his Wikipedia page , in part saying : Reaction from inside the Wikipedia community to the Essjay\/Jordan identity difference was pointed .
When used as a consonant , it is often replaced by the letter `` j '' , which was originally simply an orthographic `` long i '' that was used in initial positions and when it occurred between two other vowels .
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Thus , when the contraction rules permit the same word in more than one way , preference is given to `` the contraction that more nearly approximates correct pronunciation . ''
So when the rules permit the same word to be written in more than one way , preference is given to `` the contraction that is closer to the correct pronunciation . ''
During the investigation , which was later broadcast , he presented the information as fact and even behaved as though being possessed by the fictional ghost .
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It should be noted that the standard set of symbols used to show the pronunciation of English words in Wikipedia is the International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA ) .
Another way of showing how to pronounce words is to use the International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA ) .
The first widespread use of `` Palestinian '' as an endonym to refer to the nationalist concept of a Palestinian people by the local Arabic-speaking population of Palestine began prior to the outbreak of World War I , and the first demand for national independence was issued by the Syrian-Palestinian Congress on 21 September 1921 .
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Pronunciation of Ndebele words is relatively easy in comparison to many languages because the vowels are quite constant , with each vowel having basically one sound , and the accent is usually on the penultimate syllable .
The accent is usually on the second-to-last syllable .
Knowles appears in the middle of the song , singing the verses in a rapid-fire way , accompanied by double beats .
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Tamil has a six-fold distinction between ( m ) , ( n̪ ) , ( n ) , ( ɳ ) , ( ɲ ) and ( ŋ ) ( ம , ந , ன , ண , ஞ , ங ) .
Tamil possesses distinct letters to represent ( m ) , ( n̪ ) , ( n ) , ( ɳ ) , ( ɲ ) and ( ŋ ) ( ம , ந , ன , ண , ஞ , ங ) .
Vietnam once used Chinese characters called Chữ Nôm .
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The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language ( PIE ) , a reconstructed prehistoric language of Eurasia .
They were the speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language ( PIE ) , an unwritten but now partly reconstructed prehistoric language .
In Aristotelian logic , a proposition is a particular kind of sentence , one which affirms or denies a predicate of a subject .
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There were also changes in the system of vowel harmony .
Another feature of the language is vowel harmony .
There is a scholarship in his name for young choir trainers and directors in the Anglican tradition .
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The Oi !
Oi ! ''
All PIE sounds and words are reconstructed from later Indo-European languages .
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The LAPD phonetic alphabet has many first names .
There have been many different phonetic alphabets over time .
Both hijackers had first class tickets for a flight to Los Angeles , California .
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For example , the respelled pronunciation of the word fuchsia is `` FEW-sh ( ee ) ə '' .
For example , the respelled pronunciation of the word truism is `` TROO-i-z ( ə ) m '' .
Fossils of the Fezouata formation , which are usually squashed flat ( although some do retain some degree of their original three-dimensionality ) are often coated with a dusting of pyrite , and tin ; this aspect of the fossil preservation is very similar to that at Chengjiang .
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Examples of languages containing nasal occlusives : The voiced retroflex nasal is ( ɳ ) is a common sound in Languages of India .
Examples of languages containing nasal consonants : The voiced retroflex nasal is ( ɳ ) is a common sound in Indic languages .
Rely , Pas-de-Calais is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the northern part of France .
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The alveolo-palatal sibilants are often used in the Chinese languages such as Mandarin , Hakka , and Wu , as well as other East Asian languages such as Japanese and Korean .
We often use the alveolo-palatal sibilants in the Chinese languages ( e.g. Mandarin , Hakka , and Wu ) , and other languages in the East Asian sprachbund ( e.g. Japanese and Korean ) .
Japanese haiku are normally written in one line , while English language haiku are traditionally separated into three lines .
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The vocabulary of Tamil is mainly Dravidian .
Tamil is a Dravidian language .
We are not teaching people how to talk like a hacker or a Cockney chimney-sweep ; we 're writing an encyclopedia .
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will it phoenetic spell correct?
It matches the word to a list of words that has the same letter/sounds as typed in. My students have used it for one to two syllable words. I'm not sure how it would work with longer words.
I'm not sure, I used this south my Windows tablet, sorry. I think I did try it with my Galaxy Nexus phone and it worked. But, only used it for a minute to see if it would type a text.
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As an ex Christian did you speak in tongues was it real or you faked it?
As a former Christian, did you speak in tongues? Was it real or were you faking it?
How can I develop a near perfect American Accent as a non-American?
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Can a bound morpheme in English contain more than one syllable?
Can a bound morpheme be more than one syllable?
P is a prime and m is a positive integer. How many solutions exist for the equation p^6-p= (m^2+m++6) (p-1)?
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Why do some English words have silent letters when they have no use? For example: "k" as in know
Why are silent letters used in some words of English language?
Why do you drive on a parkway and park in a driveway?
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Why you will never spell anything correctly
Image via Unsplash. English, we have pointed out repeatedly, is not a logical language. That hasn’t prevented attempts to impose logic on it, from people insisting that you can’t split an infinitive in English because you can’t do it in Latin (a twisted sort of logic) to the phonetic movement, which argues that words should be spelled the way they sound. Any system of spelling, called orthography, is a set of conventions of how to spell, capitalize, hyphenate, etc. words in a language to make it more understandable. The “rules” of English spelling have never been writ in stone, which is why we have “goodby,” goodbye,” and “good-bye” as alternate spellings. (Merriam-Webster recently dropped its preference for the OKhyphen in “good-bye.”) ICYMI: Be careful when using the word “depose” Samuel Johnson, in the preface to his 1755 Dictionary of the English Language, said: “When I took the first survey of my undertaking, I found our speech copious without order, and energetick without rules.” (That was merely the introduction to a sentence that went on for another 63 words. They wrote long in those days.) He tried to create order, but one result was things like “energetick.” Noah Webster tried to impose a little more logic by changing some English spellings—to American. In his Compendious Dictionary of the English Language, first published in 1806, Webster dropped a lot of those “k” endings; eliminated the “u” in “colour,” “humour,” “favourite,” and the like; and changed a lot of “ce” endings to “ne,” as in “defence/defense,” and “s” endings to “z,” as in “economise/economize.” The biggest movement to change English spelling began in 1876, not surprisingly in the halls of academia. The American Philological Association set up a convention for the revision of English orthography “in which the history of alphabetic symbolization was averted to, also the confusion therein caused by the Norman conquest; and the need of some conventional phonic system argued.” (They also wrote pompously in those days.) The members “unanimously agreed that the time has come for a permanent organization to take in hand the actual reform of English spelling.” Sign up for CJR 's daily email One result of that movement was that Joseph Medill, then–publisher of the Chicago Tribune, adopted some of those newfangled spellings. (You were wondering when we would get to journalism, weren’t you?) Among them were “thru,” “catalog,” “gard,” and “tho.” They had the added advantage of saving the lead needed to set the extra letters in those words, and thereby saving costs. ICYMI: Newspaper editor behind rebellious series loses his job In the early 20th century, many changes suggested by a Simplified Spelling Board got the backing of Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, and President Theodore Roosevelt, but were ridiculed by Congress. Still, the Tribune persisted: Col. Robert McCormick, its legendary publisher, decreed that words like “burocrat,” “clew,” “drouth,” “hocky,” “skilful,” and “thoro” would be so spelt. Um, spelled. The Tribune finally gave up most of those ghosts in 1975 and resumed more “standardized” spelling. You would have thot that that would be the end of it, but no. The early 20th-century movement lives on, revitalized as the English Spelling Society. It advocates for increased literary through a system where individual letters represent individual sounds, so we won’t have words like “though,” “rough,” and “through,” which have the same letters at the end but are pronounced very differently. And they want to conker not just American English, but English thruout the world. The group’s first International Congress was scheduled to be held via webinar this week. Don’t hold out a whole lot of hope, though. It’s one thing to decree that something should be spelled a certain way; it’s another to get people to do it. “As soon as there is established authority for simple spelling,” Col. Charles Sprague, the treasurer of the Simplified Spelling Board, said in 1906, “then people will not be afraid of being considered ignorant when they use the new form.” Sadly, or not, there is still no “established authority” for English, unlike the Académie Française, which regulates French spelling. Of course, the Académie has also tried to ban “buzz,” “hashtag,” and “deadline” as not being French. And failed. Remember that whenever you see spellings like “ocurence” or “miniscule.” They might someday be more “right” than you think. ICYMI: Eleven newsletters to subscribe to if you work in media Has America ever needed a media watchdog more than now? Help us by joining CJR today Merrill Perlman managed copy desks across the newsroom at The New York Times, where she worked for 25 years. Follow her on Twitter at @meperl.
Shoreham firm Pembroke Financial Services has donated £3,500 to children’s disability charity Whoopsadaisy. Based in Preston Park, Brighton, Whoopsadaisy provides free conductive education sessions for babies and children with cerebral palsy and other motor conditions. Children at Whoopsadaisy, a Brighton charity for children with cerebral palsy Keith Relf, managing director at the High Street firm, said: “It is a pleasure to support this fantastic local charity – it is something we have been looking to do for a long time. “We have a regular collection for the charity and promote the legendary Whoopsadaisy Bears made by the charity’s trustee Helen Palmer. “We are delighted that we are able to make this further donation to support Whoopsadaisy in 2018.” Mr Relf and director Keith Bonner presented the cheque to Whoopsadaisy conductor Zsofia Varga and community fundraiser Caroline Mantle. Trustee Helen Palmer said: “We are delighted with this generous donation from the directors and staff at Pembroke Financial Services. “As a small local charity, we rely entirely on donations like this each and every year. We simply couldn’t help disabled children without the support of our local business community.” • Benefit from an ongoing discount on your Herald by joining our voucher membership scheme. Once you’ve subscribed we’ll send you dated vouchers which can be exchanged for your paper at any news outlet. To save money on your Herald simply click here.
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Are there some non-agglutinating languages that have vowel harmony?
Are there any fusional languages affected by vowel harmony?
When is the earliest time for a child to learn a new languange?
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English (language): What is the purpose of using silent letters in words, such as "psycho"?
Why is there silent letters in some words?
Why do we drive in parkways and park in driveways?
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Criteria for assessing the severity of infectious mononucleosis in children
This article will discuss the criteria for assessing the severity of the complication of infectious mononucleosis at children. The method for determining the degree of severity of the disease using a point — based assessment for each clinical symptom and the results of standard laboratory studies is proposed. The method allows on the day of treatment to clarify the severity of infectious mononucleosis and choose the tactics of patient management.
In this study,a new method of vowel(vowel nuclear) identification by multivariate statistical analysis,inclued analysis on coefficient of variation,coefficient of correlation,test for normality,and analysis of variances(ANOV) was introduced,we construct a identification model of Mahalanobis distance method for male speakers with the correct rate of 98.3%,and a model of Fisher's discriminant method for female with the correct rate of 93.5%.
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Origin of phoneme substitution and phoneme movement errors in aphasia
Despite a general consensus about the lexical-phonological origin of phonological errors, a debate persists concerning a single or multiple origins of such errors. In particular, a similar post-lexical origin has been attributed to milder phonological paraphasias, such as phoneme substitution errors, and to normal slips of the tongue. However, most slips of the tongue have a contextual origin, while most phonological paraphasias are not contextual errors. Here we explore the possibility that even at post-lexical encoding levels different errors are generated by distinct processes. We take advantage of the production of an unusual proportion of within-word phoneme movement errors in a patient with conduction aphasia (SJ) and tackle the question of their origin in comparison to phoneme substitution errors. Error properties relative to phoneme substitution and phoneme movement errors produced by SJ were analysed and compared with those of a second patient (GF) who produced a similar proportion of substitutio...
URL to conference session list. Title is under heading: Wed-Ses1-P1: ::: Phonetics, Phonology, cross-language comparisons, pathology
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How does conjugation take place?
Transduction of bacterial genes by bacteriophage appears to be a consequence of infrequent errors during intracellular assembly of virus particles, rather than a bacterial adaptation. Conjugation, in the much-studied E. coli system is determined by plasmid genes, and is an adaptation for transferring copies of the plasmid from one bacterial host to another. It is seldom that a conjugative plasmid integrates into the host bacterial chromosome, and subsequently transfers part of the host bacterial DNA to another bacterium. Plasmid-mediated transfer of host bacterial DNA also appears to be an accidental process rather than a bacterial adaptation.
Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is subject–verb–object.
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Architectural description languages (ADLs) vs UML: a review
A survey of architecture description languages
Agnathia-otocephaly: prenatal diagnosis by two- and three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Case report.
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A practical framework for 802.11 MIMO rate adaptation
Fading correlation and its effect on the capacity of multielement antenna systems
The emotional force of swearwords and taboo words in the speech of multilinguals
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The Effect of Using “ Um ” and “ Uh ” on the Perceived Intelligence of a Speaker
Hesitation Disfluencies in Spontaneous Speech: The Meaning of um
Repeating Words in Spontaneous Speech
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current controversies on wernicke ' s area and its role in language .
Human Brain: Left-Right Asymmetries in Temporal Speech Region
Generalized B-spline surfaces of arbitrary topology
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Positive Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism and Multilingualism on Cerebral Function: a Review
Simultaneous Bilingualism and the Perception of a Language-Specific Vowel Contrast in the First Year of Life:
Prior Knowledge for Part Correspondence
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Dorsal and ventral pathways in language development
Ventral and dorsal pathways for language
Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine
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A2-PhaseLabelingandChoiceArchitectureIntervention toImproveHealthyFoodandBeverageChoices
Marketing actions can modulate neural representations of experienced pleasantness
Cross-language identification of consonants. Part 1. Korean perception of English.
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Neural differences between monolinguals and early bilinguals in their native language during comprehension
Receptive vocabulary differences in monolingual and bilingual children.
A gene-coexpression network for global discovery of conserved genetic modules
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The Effect of Using “ Um ” and “ Uh ” on the Perceived Intelligence of a Speaker
Hesitation Disfluencies in Spontaneous Speech: The Meaning of um
Evaluation of Local Features for Structure from Motion
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Towards a better understanding of Burrows's Delta in literary authorship attribution
Stylometry with R : a suite of tools
Congenital hypoplasia of the cerebellum: developmental causes and behavioral consequences
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The neurobiological nature of syntactic hierarchies
Lateralization of auditory language functions: A dynamic dual pathway model
Seborrheic keratosis of the vulva clinically mimicking a genital wart: a case study.
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what type of aphasia causes you to only utter two words
Aphasia is caused by damage to parts of the brain responsible for understanding and using language. Common causes include: stroke – thought to be the most common cause, around one in three people experience some degree of aphasia after having a stroke. severe head injury.
There are two broad categories of aphasia: fluent and nonfluent, and there are several types within these groups. Damage to the temporal lobe of the brain may result in Wernicke’s aphasia (see figure), the most common type of fluent aphasia. People with Wernicke’s aphasia may speak in long, complete sentences that have no meaning, adding unnecessary words and even creating made-up words.
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phonological loop definition
The phonological loop is one of the central concepts of the working memory model. It represents a brief store of mainly verbal information together with a rehearsal mechanism. In many experiments Baddeley and colleagues have investigated the characteristics of this postulated structure.
Phonological awareness is a meta-cognitive skill (i.e., an awareness/ability to think about one's own thinking) for the sound structures of language. Phonological awareness allows one to attend to, discriminate, remember, and manipulate sounds at the sentence, word, syllable, and phoneme (sound) level.
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The thallium ( I ) cation is very similar to potassium and sodium cations , which are essential for life .
This is because the size of the thallium ion is very similar to the size of the potassium ion .
Consonants \ / d \ / and \ / ɾ \ / were once allophone but can not interchange , like palaron ( to be lucky ) ( from palad , palm ( because someone 's luck is seen in the palm ) but not paladon and tagadiín ( from where ) ( from diín , where ) but not tagariín .
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[Management of sialorrhea in mentally retarded children by salivary denervation (6 cases) (author's transl)]
Sialorrhea in mentally handicapped children makes rehabilitation difficult and may provoke dyspneic spells. We have interrupted in 6 cases the parasympathetic innervation to the major salivary glands by a bilateral intratympanic neurectomy of Jacobson's nerve and chorda tympani. Results were satisfactory in 2/3 of cases.
An efficient method for speaker adaptation (SA) is proposed in this paper. Let the relationship between the mean parameters of adapted model and the mean parameters of the speaker independent (SI) model be represented by sets of linear transformations like that of maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) approach, we try to estimate the transformations by maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion. The prior mean distribution is considered in the estimation. The experiments on Mandarin speech recognition show the proposed approach is superior to the MLLR approach when only little speech is available for speaker adaptation.
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Phonetics and Phonology: A Sociopsycholinguistic Framework
Our aim is to present a sociopragmatic framework for phonological behavior and to comprehend phonology as part of a social action (in the sense of Schutz). This approach enables us to connect sociolog
Web 2.0 platforms have become a ubiquitous way of information exchange, but are seldom integrated with the Web of Data. To overcome this situation we propose the usage of SKOS thesauri acting as back-of-the-book index providing domain-specific axes transcending applications. We illustrate this concept with a use-case in the social sciences domain but applications in other domains are possible.
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Phonological neighborhood density and word retrieval - An ERP study
During the process of word retrieval, words a re elicited from the mental lexicon. According to the Cohort Model, word recognition occurs when only one candidate in the cohort of possible words remains. Words are recognized via successive reductions in the number of possible word candidates as each phoneme is perceived. Each word has a particular number of neighbors, whereas a word can have dense or sparse neighborhood density (ND) depending on the number of words that sound similar to a target word. Words with dense neighborhooods are defined less accurately than words with sparse neighborhoods. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of neighborhood density in the process of spoken word and non-word retrieval using the ERP technique and expecting the N400 effect.
Whether the existing adjunct attachment hypothesis and models apply to Chinese English learners is unknown and it needs further research.This study chooses 49 college students randomly to do the ambiguous sentences processed by using Tobii T-120.The research shows the eye movement traces and oral report results,and both illustrate that Chinese students have NP1 preference,which supports the linguistic tuning hypothesis.
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Discovering consistent word confusions in noise
Listeners make mistakes when communicating under adverse conditions, with overall error rates reasonably well-predicted by existing speech intelligibility metrics. However, a detailed examination of confusions made by a majority of listeners is more likely to provide insights into processes of normal word recognition. The current study measured the rate at which robust misperceptions occurred for highly-confusable words embedded in noise. In a second experiment, confusions discovered in the first listening test were subjected to a range of manipulations designed to help identify their cause. These experiments reveal that while majority confusions are quite rare, they occur sufficiently often to make large-scale discovery worthwhile. Surprisingly few misperceptions were due solely to energetic masking by the noise, suggesting that speech and noise “react” in complex ways which are not well-described by traditional masking concepts.
Abstract : Our group has been working in the following directions: 1. Testing and tuning our time series classification algorithm, 2. Perfectioning the use of entropy in language models as a tool to reconstruct the context of a given meme/conversation, 3. formalizing in an operational sense the definition of campaign and its associated features, 4. collecting relevant datasets to test detection algorithms.
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Part of Speech Tagging for Bengali with Hidden Markov Model
A Practical Part-Of-Speech Tagger
Dosimetry of 3 CBCT devices for oral and maxillofacial radiology: CB Mercuray, NewTom 3G and i-CAT
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Phonetic based SoundEx&ShapeEx algorithm for Sindhi Spell Checker System
Bi-Lingual Text to Speech Synthesis System for Urdu and Sindhi
keynote paper : unlocking the learning value of wireless mobile devices .
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Spelling Correction for Morphologically Rich Language: a Case Study of Russian.
four types of context for automatic spelling correction .
secure extension to the olsr protocol .
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Schema matching using duplicates
Text joins in an RDBMS for web data integration
Optimizing Vowel Formant Measurements in Four Acoustic Analysis Systems for Diverse Speaker Groups
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Probabilistic Typology: Deep Generative Models of Vowel Inventories
Phonetic Universals in Vowel Systems
A theory of memory retrieval
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How Speakers Refer: The Role of Accessibility
Repeating Words in Spontaneous Speech
Reduction of Inductive Crosstalk Using Quadrupole Inductors
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Ontology learning: state of the art and open issues
Cyc: toward programs with common sense
A Comparison of GMM-HMM and DNN-HMM Based Pronunciation Verification Techniques for Use in the Assessment of Childhood Apraxia of Speech
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Arabic Dialect Identification Using a Parallel Multidialectal Corpus
Tharwa: A Large Scale Dialectal Arabic - Standard Arabic - English Lexicon
Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements ( MITEs ) and their Relationship with Established DNA Transposons
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Phonetic based SoundEx&ShapeEx algorithm for Sindhi Spell Checker System
Bi-Lingual Text to Speech Synthesis System for Urdu and Sindhi
learning long - term dependencies with .
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R 1 2 A Model of Heuristic Judgment
The Affect Heuristic
A comparison of query-by-example methods for spoken term detection
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Beyond Manual Tuning of Hyperparameters
Practical Bayesian Optimization of Machine Learning Algorithms
Identifying Cognates By Phonetic And Semantic Similarity
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Lemmatization Technique in Bahasa: Indonesian Language
Stemming Indonesian: A confix-stripping approach
Bayesian Saliency via Low and Mid Level Cues
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four types of context for automatic spelling correction .
A technique for computer detection and correction of spelling errors
Echolocation by the long-eared bat,Plecotus phyllotis
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