question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
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stringlengths 2
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⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When connecting two progressive actions, are you supposed to connect them\nusing progressive in both or only the last one, as tense should be determined\nby the last verb?\n\nExample: He was sitting in the classroom, reading a book.\n\n彼は教室にすわって本を読んでいた。\n\nor\n\n彼は教室にすわっていて本を読んでいた。\n\nThanks in advance",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-09T20:15:39.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80570",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-10T18:23:15.467",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-09T21:45:37.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "40261",
"owner_user_id": "40261",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Using progressive when connecting verbs",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both of these would not express progressive actions. When you connect verbs\nwith て-form, it would mean you finished the first action, then did the second\naction. 座っていて would be ungrammatical because you imply a progressive action is\nalready done. Instead, for progressive actions, you would add ながら to the end\nof the ます-stem of a verb.\n\n彼は歩きながら携帯をいじっていました。 \nHe was messing with his phone while walking.\n\nFor your example, however, this gets a bit more complicated. Sitting in\nJapanese is an instantaneous action, not a state. While you can say you were\n\"sitting while talking\" in English, 座る means the action of sitting down and is\ninstantaneous. You cannot \"read a book while performing the action of sitting\ndown\". Instead, you would \"sit down, and then read a book\".\n\nSo, instead of: \n彼は座りながら本を読んでいた。X This is incorrect\n\nyou would say: \n彼は座って本を読んでいた。 \nHe sat down and read a book.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T18:08:40.213",
"id": "80588",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-10T18:23:15.467",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-10T18:23:15.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "21657",
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"parent_id": "80570",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80570
| null |
80588
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80599",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**Example:**\n\n> 両親 **が** 一人で日本に行かせてくれた\n\n> My parents let me go to Japan alone\n\n_And_\n\n> 両親 **に** 一人で日本に行かせてもらった\n\n> My parents let me go [after me asking] to Japan alone",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-09T20:36:19.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80571",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T02:22:36.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-09T20:58:26.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "39695",
"owner_user_id": "39695",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"causation"
],
"title": "Why is に used with causativeて+もらう but not causativeて +くれる?",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "くれる basically means \"to give\", and もらう basically means \"to receive\". Let's\nthink about this with simpler examples:\n\n * 両親が私 **に** 本をくれた。 \nMy parents gave a book **to** me.\n\n * 私は両親 **に** 本をもらった。 \n(= 私は両親 **から** 本をもらった。) \nI received a book **from** my parents.\n\nIn the former, the subject is 両親, and in the latter, the subject is 私. Both\nhas に, but these two に play different roles. When you use もらう, the に-marked\nargument marks the **giver**. This is a basic rule of how もらう works.\n\nNow, if we replace 本を with 一人で日本に行かせて, we get these:\n\n * 両親が(私 **に** )一人で日本に行かせてくれた。\n * (私は)両親 **に** 一人で日本に行かせてもらった。 \n(両親から no longer works because no physical object is transferred.)\n\nThese are the sentences you are asking about. In the latter, you can see the\nに-marked argument still marks the **giver** (of favor).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T02:22:36.417",
"id": "80599",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T02:22:36.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80571",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
80571
|
80599
|
80599
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "While reading this\n[page](https://www.boj.or.jp/announcements/release_2020/rel200909a.pdf), which\nis about the Bank of Japan, I came across イ.\n\n日本銀行は、日本銀行当座預金のうち、ゼロ金利が適用されるマクロ加算残高 の算出に用いる基準比率(「補完当座預金制度基本要領」4.(3) **イ.**\nに定める 基準比率)について、次のとおり定めることとしました。\n\nI am not sure about the meaning of it. Is it interest?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-09T20:38:42.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80572",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-09T22:08:04.207",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-09T22:08:04.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "33280",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is the use of イ. in this document?",
"view_count": 435
}
|
[
{
"body": "「イ」is part of the numbering format for legal documents and is used to for\nsubsections.\n\nThe order is\n[いろは順](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%84%E3%82%8D%E3%81%AF%E9%A0%86),\nand would go: イ、ロ、ハ、ニ、ホ、ヘ、ト... In English this would be \"a, b, c...\" or maybe\n\"i, ii, iii...\"\n\nIf you read the announcements correctly, is says:\n\n> ...the benchmark ratio (as determined under 2.3.イ in \"Principal Terms and\n> Conditions of Complementary Deposit Facility\" has been determined as\n> follows.\n\nSo you would need to look up the specified article (2.3.イ) in the specified\ndocument\n[\"補完当座預金制度基本要領\"](https://www.boj.or.jp/mopo/measures/term_cond/yoryo37.htm/).\n(There is an [English\nversion](https://www.boj.or.jp/en/mopo/measures/term_cond/yoryo36.htm/) of the\ndocument, and there it is listed as 2.3.a.\n\nIf you want to read up on the basic formatting of legal documents, Wikipedia\nhas an\n[article](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4%E3%81%AE%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F).\nThis [pdf](http://www.hpsca.hokkaido-c.ed.jp/63kenkyuutaikai/oshima/23.pdf)\nalso makes it easy to visualize.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-09T21:37:39.427",
"id": "80574",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-09T22:03:51.803",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-09T22:03:51.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "9508",
"parent_id": "80572",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "It's common to use katakana as bullet points like this when subdividing\ndocuments. If you look at the text of the [specific document in\nquestion](https://www.boj.or.jp/mopo/measures/term_cond/yoryo37.htm/), you'll\nsee it has a section 4:\n\n```\n\n 4．適用利率\n \n```\n\nIt has a subsection 3:\n\n```\n\n （3）付利対象積み期間...\n \n```\n\nAnd that has a subsection `イ`:\n\n```\n\n イ．基準平均残高に別に定める一定比率（以下「基準比率」という。）を乗じた金額\n \n```\n\nI think it's also very common to use `㋐`, `㋑` etc. For example from\n[here](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B):\n\n```\n\n ❸ 他にある作用を与える。他に影響を及ぼす。\n ① 好ましくないことを相手に及ぼす。 「妻にはずいぶん苦労を－・けてきた」 「他人に迷惑を－・ける」\n ②\n ㋐ 人に対してある感情を持つ。「先輩に思いを－・ける」「犯人に情けを－・ける」「 …に疑いを－・ける」 \n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-09T21:38:09.393",
"id": "80575",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-09T21:38:09.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "80572",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
80572
| null |
80574
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80576",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "''~とりあえず、新学期。まぁさ、元気よくとはいかないけど、でもこんな天気もいいし、桜も咲いてるし、もう少しだけ愛想が良くてもいいんじゃないかしら？''\n\nWhat はいかない is? is it like てはいけない (must not/don't have to)? If so, why はいけない\nand not はいかない?\n\nCould you break '''元気よくとはいかない'' down?\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-09T21:18:46.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80573",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-09T23:14:47.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40013",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"usage",
"syntax",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "I don't get what ''元気よくとはいかない'' means",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "いかない is the negative-form of 行く, and いけない is the negative-potential-form of\n行く. Both have a number of special usages when written in hiragana.\n\nHere, ～とはいかない means \"won't go like ～\", and it's a way to say something won't\ngo/proceed/happen as expected. This と is a quotative-like-と, and this は is a\ntopic/contrast marker. とはいかない and てはいけない are different:\n\n * 元気よくとはいかないけど \n(literally) although it may not go like \"Cheerfully!\" \n→ if not cheerfully in particular\n\n * 元気よくてはいけないけど \nalthough you must not to be cheerful\n\nExamples:\n\n * すぐにとはいかないよ。 \nNot right now, you know.\n\n * これで完成とはいきません。 \n(Unfortunately) This doesn't make it complete yet.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-09T23:14:47.680",
"id": "80576",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-09T23:14:47.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80573",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
80573
|
80576
|
80576
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80601",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The Vてはじめて、construction is generally taught as its own grammar point to mean\n\"not until X\", \"only after X\". However from what I've been told by other\nlearners as well as natives, this is not a special construction with no\nspecial meaning and is instead simply just the て form of a verb followed by\nはじめて which then acts as an adverb on the next verb.\n\nExample:\n\n> 家に帰ってはじめて、財布がなくなっていることに気がついた\n\n\"only after I returned home did I realise that I lost my wallet\" This follows\nthe definition of はじめて given by weblio\n\n> （「…てはじめて」の形で）さまざまな経過を経てようやくその状態になるさま。やっと。\n\nI'm told though that it should be interpreted as\n\n> 家に帰って、はじめて財布がなくなっていることに気がついた\n\n\"I returned home and for the first time I realised I lost my wallet\". Where\nはじめて is \"linked\" to 気がついた and not 帰る\n\nThe meaning in that second version is similar but not the same. \"For the first\ntime\" vs \"not until X\". The emphasis in the former is on the realising while\nin the latter it's on the action of returning home and the subsequent change.\n\nIf this is correct that てはじめて is not a grammar point then the following\nquestions arise,\n\n * Does the position of はじめて matter in the meaning of the sentence?\n * Why do dictionaries and resources present it as something different?\n * How would you express the idea of \"Not until X did Y happen\"? the closest I can think of is てから",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T00:53:27.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80577",
"last_activity_date": "2023-07-08T16:47:55.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32545",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"syntax"
],
"title": "is Vてはじめて it's own grammar construction or simply something made up to help Japanese learners?",
"view_count": 311
}
|
[
{
"body": "はじめて usually means \"for the first time\". However, when you use the ～してはじめて\nconstruction, the nuance of this はじめて is closer to \"at last\" or \"finally\"\nrather than \"for the first time\". Compare the following sentences:\n\n * 京都に行って、はじめて本物の仏像を見た。 \nI went to Kyoto, and saw a real Buddha statue for the first time.\n\n * 京都に行ってはじめて本物の仏像を見た。 \nI was not until I visited Kyoto that I saw a real Buddha statue (although I\nhave long wanted to see one). \nI visited Kyoto and saw a real Buddha statue at last.\n\nThe comma is not unimportant, but the correct translation will depend mainly\non the context, i.e., his level of interest in Buddhism. In my opinion, the\nnuance of \"at last\" in the latter sentence cannot be easily inferred from the\nbasic meaning of はじめて (\"for the first time\"). This is why people treat this as\na special construction.\n\n> 家に帰って、はじめて財布がなくなっていることに気がついた\n\nWe cannot translate this sentence naturally using \"for the first time\". This\nsentence is not about how many times he has lost a wallet in his life. If\nthat's the case, we should treat this usage of はじめて as something a bit\ndifferent.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T02:56:12.093",
"id": "80601",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T22:55:48.093",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-11T22:55:48.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80577",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "The core sense of the corresponding kanji, 始, is something like \"begin\". When\nsomething happens \"for the first time\", the _sequence of times that it\nhappens_ begins. Alternately, for a continuous state, the moment that one\n\"first\" is in the state is the beginning of that state.\n\nIf X is a precondition for Y, we can say that Y will _not_ happen _until_ X\nhas first happened. So we get that meaning of XてはじめてY. This is expressed in a\npositive sense instead: X does happen, and then Y either \"happens for the\nfirst time\" or \"begins happening\", as appropriate to the context.\n\n> The meaning in that second version is similar but not the same. \"For the\n> first time\" vs \"not until X\". The emphasis in the former is on the realising\n> while in the latter it's on the action of returning home and the subsequent\n> change.\n\nEssentially, the distinction isn't made in the Japanese sentence. Returning\nhome (and settling in, checking the contents of pockets etc.) simply is what\nenables the speaker to notice the missing wallet; this fact is not _about_\neither the action or the realization.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2023-07-08T16:47:55.123",
"id": "100217",
"last_activity_date": "2023-07-08T16:47:55.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "627",
"parent_id": "80577",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
80577
|
80601
|
80601
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80579",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From this article: <https://baseballking.jp/ns/75506>\n\n> 日本一連覇中の王者でありながら\n\nWhat is the meaning and purpose of 一連覇中 here? Does it mean he became champion\nmultiples?\n\nWon't 日本の王者 just mean the same thing?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T00:55:55.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80578",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-10T02:02:42.213",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"一連覇中\" mean?",
"view_count": 69
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is no such a word as 一連覇 or 一連覇中. It's parsed like `日本一` + `(連覇 + 中)`.\n\n * **日本一【にほんいち】** : (Japan's) number one; being a champion (in Japan)\n * **連覇** : straight victory; successive winning\n * **-中(の)** : in the middle of ～\n\n> 日本一連覇中の王者でありながら \n> despite being a reigning champion winning multiple times in a row\n\n日本の王者 does not have the meaning of 連覇中 (\"currently winning in a row\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T01:57:32.833",
"id": "80579",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-10T02:02:42.213",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-10T02:02:42.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80578",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
80578
|
80579
|
80579
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80600",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the sign in the movie \"Kiki's Delivery Service\" it says お届け物いたします. \nIn this case is the particle を or が dropped due to informal spoken language?\nIs the tacit が the person offering the delivery service?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T07:51:33.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80583",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T03:27:41.120",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-11T02:00:47.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "40268",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Is there a particle dropped in the sentence お届け物いたします?",
"view_count": 183
}
|
[
{
"body": "Hello and pardon my poor English.\n\nNo. It didn't drop anything.\n\n> ご／お＋Verbます(stem) / Noun verb (勉強 etc.) ＋いたします／します\n\nis a grammar for honorifics speech. The most polite way of how you can say\nsomething.\n\nit means \"to do\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T00:14:09.737",
"id": "80594",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T00:26:34.557",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-11T00:26:34.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "40278",
"owner_user_id": "40278",
"parent_id": "80583",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> お届け物（を）いたします。\n\nを is dropped here.\n\nIn signboards / [看板]{かんばん} (and traffic signs /[標識]{ひょうしき} too), case\nparticles such as が, を are often omitted.\n\nExamples:\n\n> 配達 **を** 承ります → 配達承ります \n> 裾上げ・寸法直し **を** 致します → 裾上げ・寸法直し致します \n> 内職 **を** 請け負います → 内職請け負います \n> マスク **を** 入荷しました → マスク入荷しました \n> ヱビスビール **が** あります → ヱビスビールあります\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cNbRd.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hO0Q1.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xYazJ.jpg)\n\nRelated: <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/35945/9831>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T02:51:01.673",
"id": "80600",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T03:27:41.120",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-11T03:27:41.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "80583",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
80583
|
80600
|
80600
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80586",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A recent episode of _Re: Zero_ is titled _地獄なら知っている_ , when I watched the\npreview I could not understand exactly what it meant but when I finally saw\nthe translation, they translated it as \"I know hell\" but the literal\ntranslation is as far as I know: \"If hell, I know\". Furthermore, in the\ncontext of the episode, the main character says the phrase \"地獄なら知っている\" in\norder to indicate that he has been through hell/knows what suffering is.\n\nHow does the なら particle work in this scenario?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T14:12:14.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80585",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-10T15:12:10.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "How does the なら particle work in the sentence [地獄なら知っている]?",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 地獄なら知っている\n\nis just saying, \"if it's hell, I know it\".\n\nなら is one of a number of ways Japanese has to express the English notion of\n\"if\" and conditionals.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T15:12:10.217",
"id": "80586",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-10T15:12:10.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "80585",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
80585
|
80586
|
80586
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Examples:\n\nなら： みんなが行くなら私も行く\n\nば： 楽しくなければ、私も行かない\n\nWhat is the difference between the two? なら says it's used to represent what\nwill happen in a given context. ば says there is no condition. I understand と\n(natural consequence) but I don't understand the need for a distinction\nbetween なら & ば.\n\ntldr; what would be the difference between みんなが行くなら私も行く & みんなが行けば私も行く Google\ntranslate says both mean \"if everyone goes, I'll go.\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T17:58:50.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80587",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-10T18:10:17.407",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-10T18:10:17.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "36609",
"owner_user_id": "36609",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the difference between the conditionals なら & ば?",
"view_count": 56
}
|
[] |
80587
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm having trouble understanding 痛{いた}くなったり (itakunattari). Appears to be\nitakunai + the \"tari\" adverb thing. But then why is it 痛{いた}くなったり and not\n痛{いた}くなたり",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T19:49:20.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80590",
"last_activity_date": "2022-06-03T16:32:04.003",
"last_edit_date": "2022-06-03T16:32:04.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "38825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "痛くなったり grammar?",
"view_count": 577
}
|
[
{
"body": "As a comment says, 痛くなる has two parts - 痛い + なる, meaning something becomes a\npain. なる + たり is なったり, since it's too mouthful to say なたり, just like the past\ntense for なる is なった not なた",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T21:49:54.647",
"id": "80592",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-10T21:49:54.647",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40276",
"parent_id": "80590",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "This \"たり” grammar, is basically `the past tense of the word + たり`\n\n> 痛くなる -> 痛くなった -> 痛くなったり\n\n> 痛くない -> 痛くなかった -> 痛くなかったり",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-06-03T05:05:00.427",
"id": "94808",
"last_activity_date": "2022-06-03T05:05:00.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"parent_id": "80590",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80590
| null |
80592
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm not quite sure if this is right.\n\n> 彼女は私の人です \n> Kanojo wa watashi no hitodesu\n\nI'm a little confused on the word for \"she\" as it can also translate to\n\"girlfriend.\" I've read that it can depend on the context, as well as\npreference. I'm a little confused. Could someone explain and check?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-10T21:32:33.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80591",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T21:42:00.933",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-10T22:07:14.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "40273",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"word-choice",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "Can someone help me translate \"she's my person\"?",
"view_count": 336
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't know that I would consider this an answer so much as a reflection and\nsuggestion about how to approach this idea in Japanese. (If the moderators\nfeel this is unsuitable as an answer, then please let me know, I will remove\nit.)\n\nAs I mentioned in a comment to your post, \"to be _someone's_ person\" is a\nhighly idiomatic phrase made popular to some extent by--perhaps even coined in\n--Shonda Rhimes' _Grey's Anatomy_.\n\n\" _My_ person\" is the person _I_ can rely upon in a crunch or a crisis; it's\nthe person who will be there no matter what happens, no questions asked, no\njudgment. It's certainly not synonymous with \"best friend\" or even \"BFF\";\nneither really do \"soul mate\" and \"kindred spirit\" capture this feel either. I\nmention these other notions of _friendship_ since they have been around a\nwhile and can probably be reasonably translated into Japanese (though off the\ntop of my head right now, I don't how best to translate these concepts\neither).\n\nIn my comment, I mused about capturing this notion through the idea of a\n_bodhisattva_ , 菩薩{ぼさつ}. But, almost from the moment I made that comment, I\nfelt it missed the mark. It seems to me that in English, in circles where\nfolks understand the concept of a bodhisattva, we use the word much more\ncasually than Japanese perhaps do 菩薩. (I certainly welcome feedback on this\npoint.) 菩薩 somehow, to me at least, has a more technical or stiff or formal\nfeel about it; whereas in English, bodhisattva has a much easier feel to it.\nBut even with that said, _bodhisattva_ doesn't exactly capture the feel of _my\nperson_ either.\n\nI don't think you're going to find a good single expression in Japanese to\ncapture this. I would recommend that you identify for yourself the quality of\n_your person_ which best captures this feeling and express that instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T21:07:06.067",
"id": "80607",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T21:07:06.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "80591",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "The phrase you are using, to say that someone is \"your person\", is essentially\nan expression in English. Expressions can be difficult to translate directly\nbetween languages. I might take a direct approach and say 私には彼女だ which\nliterally says, \"For me, it is her\". But that doesn't really make sense. You\ncould expand that a little and say 私には彼女がいいんだ which is literally, \"For me, she\nis good\". Which is basically trying to communicate the sentiment that, \"She's\nthe one for me.\"\n\nIn general, I find that it's best to approach language from a native\nperspective. That is, instead of starting with an English phrase and then\ntrying to figure out how to translate it into Japanese, I prefer to start with\na Japanese phrase in the beginning. Try to feel out the sentiment that you\nwant to convey from an emotional or abstract sense. Then immediately use the\nJapanese parts of speech that you know in order to express the sentiment. The\nmore Japanese you know, the better you will be able to express yourself.\n\nI find that it's best to pull directly from things that native Japanese\nspeakers say in normal, everyday life. I'm reminded of something my sister-in-\nlaw said when she started dating a guy (whom she eventually married). She said\nthat she was really happy they were dating now because he was \"私の憧れの人\". You\ncan look up 憧れ in a dictionary if you need to. Basically, she was saying that\nthis guy is someone that she had liked for a long time (and also someone she\nhad respected and admired). So she was really happy that they had become a\ncouple.\n\nSo, you might choose to use that phrase to describe the sentiment of someone\nbeing \"your person\": 彼女は私の憧れの人。 While it doesn't translate the English phrase\ndirectly, the sentiment behind the two phrases is basically the same. And this\nwould definitely sound like a more natural thing to say in Japanese. When\ntranslating between languages, you often lose some of the nuance in meaning. A\nwell-translated phrase is about conveying the closest possible meaning while\nstill sounding natural in the target language. It does no good to make a\ndirect translation that sounds strange or unintelligible in the target\nlanguage. There is a reason why the phrase \"lost in translation\" has become a\ncliche!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T21:42:00.933",
"id": "80608",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T21:42:00.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9851",
"parent_id": "80591",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80591
| null |
80608
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The reason I'm asking is because I was reading this New York Times article:\n<https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/27/magazine/korea-japanese-occupation-\nsurrender-ww2.html> and in the article, there was a picture of a Japanese\ninstructor teaching Koreans how to write in Japanese.This\npicture:[https://static01.nyt.com/images/2020/09/06/multimedia/27ww2-korea-03/merlin_176164095_e433a392-9aa3-427b-81aa-496411431e9c-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp](https://static01.nyt.com/images/2020/09/06/multimedia/27ww2-korea-03/merlin_176164095_e433a392-9aa3-427b-81aa-496411431e9c-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp)\n\nThe thing I noticed about this is that they were being taught entirely in\nkatakana, far different than when I was in classes learning hiragana instead.\nThis made me wonder if katakana was actually more widely used back then, or at\nleast if it served a specific purpose (a historical reason) that could explain\nwhy they weren't using hiragana.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T01:41:29.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80597",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T01:41:29.137",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40179",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"history"
],
"title": "Was katakana more common in the past?",
"view_count": 86
}
|
[] |
80597
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80603",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence:\n\n> ちょうどいい！ **頼【たの】みてえ** 事【こと】がある！\n\nMy translation:\n\n> Just in time! I have a favor to ask!\n\nI'm not really sure what grammar rule is being applied to the bold part. It\nseems like the base verb being used here is `頼む` but the て-form of this verb\nis `頼んで`, so I am confused as to how `頼む` transformed into `頼みてえ`\n\nWhat grammar rule(s) are actually going on here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T05:57:15.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80602",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T06:58:05.083",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-11T06:55:42.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Grammar confusion with use of 頼みてえ",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is just 頼みたい with the very common sound change /ai/ -> /ee/.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T06:46:20.053",
"id": "80603",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T06:46:20.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "816",
"parent_id": "80602",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
80602
|
80603
|
80603
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Hi I was wondering how として was used in this sentence. I already know it can be\nused as: `as, even, apart from`, but I'm having trouble figuring out the\ndifferences in some sentences .\n\n> たとえ 君が 痛みに慣れているのだとしてもだ",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T19:34:26.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80606",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-14T03:54:32.927",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-12T12:20:07.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "38996",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "how to know the usage of として",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "> たとえ 君が 痛みに慣れているのだとしてもだ\n\nHere it means something like \"even supposing\". \"Even supposing you are used to\npain ...\"\n\nSounds like something from some comic or something.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T03:54:32.927",
"id": "80644",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-14T03:54:32.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "80606",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
80606
| null |
80644
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80611",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From their dictionary entries,\n[答え](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%93%E3%81%9F%E3%81%88) and\n[受け答え](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%8F%97%E3%81%91%E7%AD%94%E3%81%88) seem to\nbe very similar.\n\nCould someone explain the nuances between the two?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T22:33:38.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80609",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T23:31:41.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Differences between 答え and 受け答え",
"view_count": 310
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 答え: (correct) answer, answer to a problem/question\n * 受け答え: verbal response, (conversational) exchange\n\n答え is what's important in an examination, and is synonymous to 解答, 回答 or 正答.\n受け答え is what's important in an interview, and is synonymous to 応答 or やりとり. 答え\nis what you \"give\", whereas 受け答え is what you \"do\".\n\n答え is an answer to a question which is correct, or expected to be correct,\nlike answers on this site. 受け答え is about responding appropriately and smoothly\nin a conversation. It includes answering questions, but is not limited to\nthat. For example, responding to a joke or even using proper keigo is part of\n受け答え.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T23:31:41.257",
"id": "80611",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-11T23:31:41.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
80609
|
80611
|
80611
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80613",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why does を show the nuance of the speaker being prejudiced in this ?\n\nExample:\n\n**With は**\n\n> 窓は田中さんに開けられた\n\n> The window was opened by Tanaka\n\n**With を**\n\n> 田中さんに窓を開けられた\n\n> Tanaka opened the window [and now I am annoyed]",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-11T22:43:48.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80610",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-12T00:08:50.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39695",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "は and を with Passive verb",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "The way I read this, 田中さんに is the key part when combined with 〜られた. When you\nsay だれかさん **に** こう **された** this implies that somebody (だれかさん) did this (こう) to\nyou ( された). The implication being that the thing which was done to you is not\nsomething that you liked.\n\nIf you just said, 田中さんが窓を開けた that would normally be understood as a simple\nstatement of fact. Tanaka opened the window. Okay, no problem (depending on\nthe context).\n\nBut if you change the context... let's say that you are sitting in an air-\nconditioned room on a hot day, and Tanaka complains that it's too cold in the\nroom. He wants to open the window to make things warmer... you tell him not\nto... you bicker about it for a while and he appears to comply. But then five\nminutes later he gets up and opens the window anyway. You give him a glare of\nannoyance but just accept it.\n\nLater, someone else walks into the room and remarks on how warm it is in here,\nand why do you guys have the window open while the air-conditioner is running?\nYou turn to him and reply with annoyance, 田中さんに窓を開けられた.\n\nYou could also have said 田中さん **が** 窓を開けた, and the implication (considering\nthe context of the situation and the tone of your voice) would still\ncommunicate your annoyance and the accusation at Tanaka. But the use of に adds\na bit more of an accusatory nuance, implying that opening the window is\nsomething Tanaka did _to you_ , as if it were an offense that he committed\nupon you personally.\n\nContext is important when conveying nuance, but sometimes you can change the\nparts of sentence to make that nuance more explicit. Like in this case, using\nに窓を開けられた instead of が窓を開けた.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T00:08:50.440",
"id": "80613",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-12T00:08:50.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9851",
"parent_id": "80610",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
80610
|
80613
|
80613
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I think I've read picked up the sentence '愛したら解放させ' somewhere a long time ago.\nIt is supposed to mean 'if you love something then set it free'. Is it a\ncorrect sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T02:31:02.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80614",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-16T07:15:14.087",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-16T07:15:14.087",
"last_editor_user_id": "40288",
"owner_user_id": "40288",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "Is '愛したら解放させ' a correct phrase? Is it's meaning clear?",
"view_count": 81
}
|
[] |
80614
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80616",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm re-reading a light novel and I don't think I'm going to figure this\nsentence out anytime soon...\n\nQuick context: one day a man meets a teenage girl, makes it clear that\nalthough he finds her cute, he has no interest in her romantically since she's\ntoo young.\n\nNext day, he starts talking to her more and starts berating her, calling her\nstupid and disapproving of her lifestyle. Mid-tirade, it cuts to his thoughts.\nThe first two quotes I understand, but the last one confuses me:\n\n> 正面｛しょうめん｝から顔｛かお｝を見｛み｝ると、やはり可愛｛かわい｝い。\n\n_Actually, seeing her face head-on, she is pretty cute_\n\n> どうして。俺｛おれ｝の中｛なか｝にそんな気持｛きも｝ちばかりがぐるぐると回｛まわ｝る。\n\n_Wait, why. Why are feelings like that all that's stirring inside me?_\n\n> まっとうに青春｛せいしゅん｝をして、まっとうに恋｛こい｝をして。そういうふうに生｛い｝きられなかったのだろうか。\n\n_I honestly feel young and like I'm in love. Are those feelings there because\nI couldn't live like that I wonder?_\n\nFrom what I found, まっとうに means decently, honestly, seriously. And 青春｛せいしゅん｝をする\nmeans to feel young or be reminded of your youth. So if I guessed about the\nfirst part it'd be \"She's so earnestly young\", but then there's a 恋｛こい｝ out of\nnowhere. It doesn't make sense for him to have feelings for her- it's not\nbrought up again for a while in the story and doesn't fit the current scene.\n\nI'm really not sure who the subject is of the third quote or what the sentence\nmeans; I'm just not sure how to translate まっとうに exactly and how the\n青春｛せいしゅん｝をする, 恋｛こい｝をする, and 生｛い｝きられなかった connect to the situation and his\nthoughts.\n\nAny help will be appreciated!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T03:27:14.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80615",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-12T12:09:11.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"particle-を",
"adverbs",
"nouns",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Confusion about まっとうに, 青春をする and the subject and object of this sentence",
"view_count": 93
}
|
[
{
"body": "青春(を)する never means \"to feel young\" nor \"to be reminded of your youth\". It\nmeans something like \"to enjoy the joys of youth\" or \"to spend one's youth in\na satisfactory manner\". まっとうに青春をする refers to spending a decent/ordinary life\nas a youth, which usually includes loving someone.\n\n> まっとうに青春をして、まっとうに恋をして。そういうふうに生きられなかったのだろうか。\n>\n> Enjoying her youth like everyone does, and loving someone like everyone\n> does... Couldn't **she** live like this?\n\nSo this man is not regretting his own life, but is worrying about the girl's\nlife, right? Then the subject of this 生きる should be the girl. Here, he's\nprobably thinking something like \"A teenager girl who is objectively this cute\nshould be able to spend her youth happily with someone, but why is she living\nin such a wasteful way?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T05:42:27.650",
"id": "80616",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-12T12:09:11.197",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-12T12:09:11.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80615",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
80615
|
80616
|
80616
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "恐らく、随意領域で士道の鼻と口を塞いでいる **か** 、士道の周囲の酸素濃度を下げる **かしている** のだろう。\n\nHi. I understand the meaning of the sentence. But I have never seen している used\nafter the \"か... か\" pattern. Is \"verb+か... verb+かしている\" a fixed pattern? If it\nis, could you show me how to use it?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T09:14:24.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80617",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-12T09:49:43.233",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-12T09:49:43.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "36662",
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"clause-pattern"
],
"title": "Is \"verb+か... verb+かしている\" a fixed pattern?",
"view_count": 49
}
|
[] |
80617
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I looked up and understood, it means \"Writing in a clear and concise\nmanner is difficult, isn't it?\"\n\n> 分かりやすく簡潔に書くのは難しいですよね\n\nBut I thought to connect i-adjectives くて was needed, and 書く should be used\nwith the を particle not に. If I were to guess に is because its not describing\na person?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T09:31:53.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80618",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-26T00:39:10.003",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-26T00:39:10.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "40290",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"particle-に",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "分かりやすく簡潔に書くのは難しいですよね",
"view_count": 72
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 分かりやすく簡潔に書くのは難しいですよね \n> Writing simply and concisely is difficult, isn't it?\n\nBoth 分かりやすく and 簡潔に are acting adverbially to modify 書く.\n\nLet's start with why you wouldn't use を here. を marks the object of the verb,\ni.e. it marks the thing that actually gets written, for example, a letter, a\npoem etc. It doesn't make sense to 'write a brevity' so を is not the correct\nparticle.\n\n簡潔 is a na-adjective. These words can be turned into adverbs by adding に. So\n簡潔に書く means 'write concisely'.\n\nやすい is an i-adjective. These words can be turned into adverbs by replacing い\nwith く. So 分かりやすく書く means 'write in a way that is easy to understand'.\n\nFinally,\n\n> If I were to guess に is because its not describing a person\n\nSorry, but I don't know what you mean by this statement. I can't see any link\nbetween using に or を and whether or not you're describing a person. If this is\na problem then perhaps you could ask a separate question, giving an example of\nwhat you mean.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T09:59:57.057",
"id": "80619",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-12T10:10:51.233",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-12T10:10:51.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "80618",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80618
| null |
80619
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80646",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "おはよう,\n\nIn lesson 11 of minna no nihongo:\n\n * Counting is always done in wago. It seems when I look online, kango is used for nearly all the example counters in minna no nihongo. Is minna no nihongo just more “conservative”? Should I just learn both or use kango primarily? It seems most online sources say kango is preferred nowadays. Minna no nihongo teaches no kango for now.\n\nBy the way, 年 is used for counting years, even in duration, in minna no\nnihongo. I notice 年間 is more common. Is there any subtle difference?\n\nお願いします!",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T10:35:49.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80620",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-15T03:41:46.737",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-12T14:38:59.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "40291",
"owner_user_id": "40291",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"counters"
],
"title": "Minna no nihongo wago counting",
"view_count": 406
}
|
[
{
"body": "> By the way, 年 is used for counting years, even in duration, in minna no\n> nihongo. I notice 年間 is more common. Is there any subtle difference?\n\nBoth 年 and 年間 are used for durations in Japanese.\n\n三年ここに住んだ\n\n三年間ここに住んだ\n\nI don't know which is more common, but 年間 is more formal or correct here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T03:53:07.180",
"id": "80643",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-14T03:53:07.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "80620",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I don't believe this distinctions between _wago_ and _kango_ is going to help\nyou with counters.\n\nOften you may have a choice how to count things. For example, you can say\n\n> りんごをふたつください。\n\nYou can also say\n\n> りんごをに個{こ}ください。\n\nwhich does use the counter 個 used for small objects like apples, eggs, bars of\nsoap, etc. However, not everything can be treated like this.\n\nCounters, in a manner of speaking, clarify what you're talking about. Just\nconsider in English the difference between saying \"two sheets of paper\", \"two\nreams of paper\", and \"two papers\". All three make sense, but express very\ndifferent ideas (particularly the third).\n\nOn many points of grammar, Japanese is very regular--particularly when\ncompared to Indo-European languages. However, when it comes to counting, there\nare numerous exceptions.\n\nI think a good principle to keep in mind is that the numbers _one_ , _two_ ,\nand _four_ frequently enough have their own idiosyncratic forms of expression.\nAnd, it is this that is perhaps leading to some confusion for you.\n\nFor example, when counting people, the following are the standard:\n\n> 一人{ひとり}、二人{ふたり}、三人{さんにん}、四人{よにん}、五人{ごにん}\n\nBut if you were counting large objects like cars, you would use\n\n> 一台{いちだい}、二台{にだい}、三台{さんだい}、四台{よんだい}、五台{ごだい}\n\nI would recommend that you learn the following\n\n * how to say the names of months\n * how to express the ages of people up through 20 years old\n * how to count people\n * how to express hours and minutes for telling time\n\nIf you say something like 彼女はにじゅうさいです, you'll still be understood and most\nlikely someone will point out that the Japanese say はたち.\n\nYears ago when I was living in Japan, late at nightreturning home from work, I\nmight stop off at a yatai for some ramen and yakitori. Whenever I ordered や\nきとりをにほんください, I always got teased. For example, someone might chime in saying I\nwas a cannibal; someone once made a comment about whether I intended to eat my\nchopsticks. I have no idea whether they were just punning me, pulling my leg\nor whatever (I learned a lot of interesting Japanese eating at yatai). But, if\nI said, やき とりをふたつください, no one blinked or made a comment.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T14:27:35.280",
"id": "80646",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-09-15T03:41:46.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "80620",
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"score": 1
}
] |
80620
|
80646
|
80643
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have problems understanding how いざ...や works in the following sentence.\n\n> たとえ部長からの文書だろうが、そんなもの(経費報告書)は認められるわけがない、と新田は思った。ところが、 **いざ** 抗議文が届く **や**\n> 、上司は主張を全面的に認め、そのケンカは新田の完全敗北で終わったのであった。\n\nI'm quite sure that it means something like \"Even if it was the document of\nthe department head, Nitsuta thought, it would never get approved. But when a\nwritten complaint actually arrived, his boss fully acknowledged the claims and\nthe dispute ended with a complete loss for Nitsuta.\"\n\nbut when I tried to determine the exact meaning of いざ...や I couldn't find a\nfully satisfying explanation. For いざ I am pretty sure it fits the explanation\n① of weblio (<https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%84%E3%81%96>) indicating\nthat something reached a certain stage/a development came to a critical point\nbut I can't really make out why や is added afterwards... Is や only added for\nemphasis similar to the explanation in this thread? [桜桜ーいざや and ゆかん\nmeanings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/11964/%e6%a1%9c%e6%a1%9c%e3%83%bc%e3%81%84%e3%81%96%e3%82%84-and-%e3%82%86%e3%81%8b%e3%82%93-meanings)\nBut if so, how does it work? Could I use いざ...や every time I wanna emphasize\nthat it \"actually came to ...\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T11:11:35.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80621",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-12T19:56:11.290",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-12T19:56:11.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "31652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "How to use いざ...や and what it exactly means",
"view_count": 167
}
|
[] |
80621
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80636",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I understand, it means \"Do your best three days after the fact\"? But\nit doesn't make much sense in English\n\nHere is the line that precedes, if it is any help:\n\n> テストも授業も却下可能 \n> 三日後に 本気出せ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T13:56:31.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80623",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-13T13:49:07.413",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-13T09:40:32.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "40295",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning for 三日後に 本気出せ",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "Where did \"after the fact\" come from? 三日後に just means \"three days later\", and\n三日後に本気出せ means \"Get serious three days later\", which implies \"It's not time to\nget serious now, worry later\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-13T13:49:07.413",
"id": "80636",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-13T13:49:07.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80623",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
80623
|
80636
|
80636
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80642",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ＮＴＴドコモは、ドコモ口座を新しくつくることを１０日から止めています。そして、これからドコモ口座をつくるときは、顔の写真を送ってもらっ **たり**\n> して、もっと安全に利用できるようにすることにしています。被害があった人に、とられたお金を払うことも銀行と相談しています。\n\nSource:\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012608551000/k10012608551000.html>\n\nDoes it mean send a photo of your face or using some other kind of\nidentification method (as the たり implies) to try to help you to use it more\nsafely?\n\nBecause I read from Maggie Sensei's site that:\n\n> However you may hear/see a sentence with just one たり ( = tari)\n>\n> 1. to do something and etc.\n>\n\nThank you for reading my question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T16:11:30.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80625",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-14T03:44:35.923",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-12T19:57:01.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "40064",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Do I understand たり here correctly?",
"view_count": 116
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means \"such as\" as in \"From now on we will take measures **such as** making\nyou send an ID photo\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T03:44:35.923",
"id": "80642",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-14T03:44:35.923",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "80625",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
80625
|
80642
|
80642
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82254",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This question is from one of the practice tests in the Shikanzen Master N2\nGrammar.\n\n> あの人が( ) 。遊んでばかりですよ。\n>\n> a) まじめなことですか\n>\n> b) まじめなものですか\n>\n> c) まじめなはずですか\n>\n> d) まじめというものですか\n\nI answered `c` as my thought process was that it says something along the\nlines of: `\"Was that guy supposed to be serious? He is playing around all\nday!\"`. However, the correct answer is `b`. In the first place, I don't\nunderstand what the meaning of the sentence is. Additionally, to solve this\nquestion, the key seems to be the difference between `もの` and `こと`, but since\nthe meaning is not crystal clear to me, I went for the other option. I was\nwondering why `b` is the correct answer and what the sentence actually means.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T16:32:04.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80626",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-23T13:38:00.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25817",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-こと",
"particle-mono"
],
"title": "Question about the usage of もの and こと in Shinkanzen Master N2 Grammar",
"view_count": 223
}
|
[
{
"body": "The key factor to understand here is the construction `ものですか`. As explained by\n[this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/55568/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B-%E3%81%9D%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%E3%81%B0%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B-such-\na-stupid-thing-or-not-stupid-at-all), the nuance fits perfectly with the tone\nof the sentence, therefore `b)`.\n\nあの人が **まじめなものですか** 。遊んでばかりですよ。\n\nWhen I post this question a month ago, I didn't check the meaning of `ものですか`\nbecause it was presented in the book until a little bit later.\n\nP.S Thanks to @Chocolate for the link.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-23T13:34:06.933",
"id": "82254",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-23T13:38:00.150",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-23T13:38:00.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "25817",
"owner_user_id": "25817",
"parent_id": "80626",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
80626
|
82254
|
82254
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I want to double check the meaning of the sentence above. I have the word(s)\n自分自身 and I need to use it in a sentence that expresses the essence of \"please\nbe yourself.\" For context, the speaker is saying this to someone who hides\ntheir true self, or wears a disguise, and is encouraging them to shed said\ndisguise or false self.\n\nI understand from previous posts that 自分自身 is kind of a special expression of\n\"myself\" but please let me know, is an incorrect usage of \"自分自身\" or is it just\nsomething that would sound odd to a native Japanese speaker? What would you\nuse? (again the \"自分自身\" is essential...I have reasons, lol)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T19:29:54.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80627",
"last_activity_date": "2021-06-15T11:05:55.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "自分自身らしくいてください (double checking the meaning)",
"view_count": 258
}
|
[
{
"body": "自分自身 means 'oneself', 'myself' so we can say:\n\n前向きに自分自身と向き合ってみてくださいね！ (Try to face yourself positively) \n自分自身を大切にしてくださいね！ (Take care of yourself)\n\nI think 自分自身らしくいてください is weird because:\n\n * meaning of 自分 and 自分自身 is diffrent \n`自分`: 'myself', 'yourself', 'oneself', 'himself', 'herself' \n`自分自身`: 'oneself', 'myself' \nand although we translate it \"by youself\" maybe in japanese it's not. \nMy japanese teacher tells me a lot not to translete from polish (my native\nlang) or english to japanese but to think in japanese. Especially word meaning\ncan be tricky and not meaning what we think it means (that why using japanese\nlanguage dictionary is a good idea). \nI'm not sure but maybe for japanese it's more like 'be oneself' and that's why\nis weird and better is 自分 or あなた.\n\n* * *\n\nI recommend japanese language dictionary (i use rikaikun extention for better\nunderstanding):\n\n * 自分自身 -> <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E8%87%AA%E8%BA%AB/#jn-100330>\n * 自分 -> <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86/#jn-100316>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T17:56:44.730",
"id": "80670",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-15T17:56:44.730",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38695",
"parent_id": "80627",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "For japanese `自分自身` means physically 'myself', form of myself not\nhypothetically myself. For example when someone want make a pie and want\nrecipe from me, and I'm very good in making this pie. This person make this\npie and it's not that good. And I could say: 自分自身で作ったら、もっとよかったですね。(If I would\nmake it myself, it would be better). Of cource in this sancence 自分自身らしい saound\nridiculously, the same goes to your sentence.\n\nThat's why 自分自身らしい is incorect. Because らしい is an image, an idea. \n自分らしい it's correct if you want to say らしい. (if you want say 自分自身 so you need\nto trop らしい , 自分自身でいてください, but in a most situation more natural is\n自分らしく生きて(いて)ください). For example 自分らしい in a situation is doing what I usualy\nwould have done. So in example when I will do something diffrent than usual,\nsomeone can tell me: あなたらしくない and I can say to myself 私(自分)らしくない.\n\nI hope I explaned it better.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T09:03:29.127",
"id": "80719",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "38695",
"parent_id": "80627",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
80627
| null |
80670
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80629",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "total Japanese noob here. Recently I got the manga しろくまカフェ and I started\nworking through it. Within the first few sentences I'm stumped:\n\n> でも寝てばっかりいる太っちゃう〜\n\nI got the gist of the sentence \"Just sleep here and I will get fat\", but I\ndon't understand a few parts and I don't think my translation is very good. I\ndon't really understand the combination of いる(to exist) and と(my understanding\nof と was with or and only with nouns). Additionally, I've never seen the っちゃう\nending on the verb 太る(to get fat) before. Why wouldn't it just be, well, 太る?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T20:59:09.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80628",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-12T22:45:35.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40298",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "と usage with いる and the っちゃう ending on a verb",
"view_count": 293
}
|
[
{
"body": "> でも寝てばっかりいる **と** 太っちゃう〜\n\nFrom your description, I'm guessing there's a と here?\n\nIf that's the case, と is used to mean that the following clause is the result\nof the clause before it. AとB means that, If A happens, B occurs. So here, it\nmeans that \" **If** I just lay around all day, I'll get fat\".\n\n> 寝てばっかりいる\n\nThis comes from the structure て-form verb + ば（っ）かり+いる. If you read grammar\nabout ばかり,they'll tell you that this is quite a common way to use this\ngrammar. It means that you are doing an action \"all the time\" or \"only doing\".\n\n> 太っちゃう\n\nThis is the casual form of Verb + てしまう. It means to do something\nunintentionally. It has other meanings as well, such as causing an unintended\neffect, or doing something to completion. 太ってしまう would mean \"to get fat\", but\nimplies that this is unintentional or an unwanted effect. You don't want to\nget fat, but you got fat.\n\nI hope this helps! It seems like you're missing a lot of grammar points simply\nbecause you haven't gotten far enough yet. I think you should maybe read a bit\nmore on grammar so you don't get as confused.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-12T22:45:35.430",
"id": "80629",
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80628
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80629
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80629
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"body": "Recently I watched a show and the girl did something for the guy and he was\nmoved by the girl's action. I may have heard it wrongly but I thought I heard\nthe guy said it as: こんな ことしたら心動くんだ to another friend. I did a Google translate\nand it turned out as \"I'm moved when _**I**_ do this\"\n\nWhy is it \"I\" and not \"he/she/someone else\"?\n\nThen I did a test by changing the the sentence to make it into a probable\n\"when/if\", but Google failed to translate the below sentences. \nこんな ことされたら心動くんだ. If you do something like this こんな ことしてくれたら心動くんだ. If you do\nsomething like this こんな ことしてくれば心動くんだ. If you do something like this\n\nI was puzzled as to why the translated answer to all the three above altered\nsentences was the same, that is \"If you do something like this\". Are they\ngrammatically missing something? Kindly advice and correct the sentences if\nthey are wrong. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-12T23:56:12.267",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "こんな ことしたら心動くんだ. Is this sentence correct?",
"view_count": 75
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[] |
80630
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{
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"body": "The main character (A) is randomly accosted by some guy, who is allegedly\nworking for some kind of organization aiming to make the city greener, on the\nstreet to sign his petition with the main character's name and phone number.\nLater he gets a call from an unknown number that the payment of his loan is\ndue and that he better pay up soon or else he'll have some goons sent over to\nbeat him up (it's obvious that the petitioner is behind this) but the MC\nrefuses and hangs up on him. Later he gets a call from a friend (B) who says\nthat his co-worker ran into the same situation, except that he was gullible\nand actually paid the amount and asks MC for help in finding out who's behind\nall this.\n\nHere's the conversation:\n\n> B: うちのホストでケンヤって奴がいるんですけど、そいつが偽の借金取りに騙されたらしいんですよ。 \n> A: 偽の借金取り？ \n> B:\n> えぇ。話を聞いてみたらチンピラっぽい格好をしたヤツが「神室町に森！」と言って署名活動をしてたとか。でもそいつ、連絡先どころか許可証すら見せなかったらしいんですよ。そんないかにも怪しい署名にわざわざ名前と住所と、電話番号まで書くなんて・・・間抜けすぎてちょっと呆れちゃいましてホント。まぁ悪いやつじゃないんですけどね。 \n> A: _gasps_ ・・・・・・・・・ (probably because he realizes that he fell for the\n> same scam himself) \n> B: どうかしました？ \n> A: え、あぁ、いや・・・ずいぶん性質の悪い **やつ** のようだな。 \n> B: そうですよ！ケンヤもこんなアホみたいな詐欺に引っ掛かる奴ですけど真面目に働いてたんです。\n\nThe bolded やつ is what confuses me. Which person does it refer to here, the\nscammer or Kenya? I'd assume the former as 性質が悪い usually refers to a person\nwho, as far as I know, is inherently bad in an evil/selfish kinda way whereas\nKenya isn't a bad person according to MC's friend but rather just gullible.\nI've taken a look at the official translation and the sentence was translated\nas _I just can't believe Kenya fell for that._ which does seem more natural\ngiven the flow of the conversation but now I'm not sure.\n\nCan 性質の悪い人 be interpreted as somebody who's just stupid/gullible but not evil?\n\nAs always many thanks in advance for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-12T23:56:53.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80631",
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"owner_user_id": "35224",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"usage"
],
"title": "Who does ヤツ in this context refer to?",
"view_count": 112
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Which person does it refer to here, the scammer or Kenya?\n\nYour reasoning seems correct to me. 性質の悪い means \"evil-minded\" or \"malignant\"\nrather than \"stupid\", so it refers to the scammer.\n\nThis aligns with what B said after this. If this たちの悪いやつ referred to Kenya, B\nwould have responded like \"そうですよ！ケンヤは本当に間抜けで！\" or\n\"そうかもしれませんけど、ケンヤも真面目に働いてたんです\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-13T01:41:51.137",
"id": "80632",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-13T08:55:55.050",
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80631
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80632
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"body": "What's the correct way of answering よくえいがをみますか。with \"No, only sometimes.\"?\n\nI am guessing it is incorrect to say いいえ、ときどきをみます。as いいえ should follow by\nnegatives instead of affirmatives?\n\nHow about いいえ、よくえいがをみません。ときどきみます。?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-13T01:52:23.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80633",
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"owner_user_id": "40299",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Answering よくえいがをみますか。(Genki I Workbook)",
"view_count": 177
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[
{
"body": "> I am guessing it is incorrect to say いいえ、ときどきをみます。as いいえ should follow by\n> negatives instead of affirmatives?\n\nThat is incorrect because you've made ときどき the object of みます.\n\nいいえ、ときどきしかみません。\n\nwould be OK. いいえ、ときどきみます is a bit strange unless someone is asserting very\nstrongly that you watch films a lot.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T03:42:58.043",
"id": "80641",
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{
"body": "You could answer with\n\n> いいえ、[滅多]{めっ・た}にみません → No, I (only) seldom watch them.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-10-14T05:24:08.797",
"id": "82083",
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"body": "Why is the volitional form being used here?\n\n荒地{あれち}の魔女{まじょ}に張{は}りあおうなんて いい度胸{どきょう}ね (Source: Howl's Moving Castle)\n\nIs it that なんて is functioning as a kind of quotation particle here as well as\nits more usual part as a nominaliser?\n\nI say that because Maggie Sensei wrote something quite far down in her article\non using なんて that it can operate in this role as well sometimes. I've not come\nacross any other sources referring to this, though.\n\nSo effectively, in as direct a translation as I can muster, what is being said\nis: \"to say that you will compete with the witch of the wastelands - you have\nsome nerve!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-13T12:36:30.903",
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"owner_user_id": "40227",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "When would you use the volitional form with なんて?",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't have enough reputation to comment yet, so I'll just leave this here\ninstead. I think [this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/421/usage-\nof-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%8B-as-emphasis)\nwill probably answer your question. なんて is being used for emphasis here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-13T16:29:24.477",
"id": "80637",
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"owner_user_id": "21657",
"parent_id": "80635",
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"score": 1
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80635
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80637
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{
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"body": "I was wondering if anyone knows the etymology of this kanji 湯. I'm\nspecifically looking for the Japanese variation of Bath or \"yu\". My wife's\nlast name in kanji is 湯上 (Yugami).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-13T23:08:50.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80639",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-06T02:47:10.513",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-05T17:16:01.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "40302",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Looking for the History of the Kanji 湯",
"view_count": 305
}
|
[
{
"body": "The meaning in modern Chinese is \"soup\" or \"hot/boiling water\". The simplified\ncharacter is 汤. It's composed of a water radical 氵 and 昜, which means \"to open\nout, to expand\". The original meaning was \"hot water, and the sound which\nemanates from it [熱水也從水昜聲]\" — hence the usage of the 昜 component. (see 说文解字 at\n[hanziyuan.net](https://hanziyuan.net/#%E6%B9%AF)).\n\nThe modern Mandarin pronunciation of the 昜 component is (pinyin) yáng, which\nis somewhat similar to the Japanese pronunciation yu. I don't know if that's\ncoincidental.\n\nThe page linked above also seems to say that 昜 is a phonetic component from\n\"sundial\" — which I can certainly imagine, with the sun 日 casting shadows 勿 on\nthe sundial — but I don't see any indication of this character having that\nmeaning in my Chinese dictionary.\n\nYou can also see the above linked website to see depictions of various script\nforms throughout history for that character.\n\nAs for the history of the pronunciation, the character's Chinese pronunciation\nhasn't changed much since middle Chinese (around the time that Japan became\nliterate in Chinese characters). See [Wiktionary\nentry](https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B9%AF) for details. In pinyin,\nthat's tāng, or /tʰɑŋ/ in IPA, so for the onyomi of tou, it's not a big leap\nto see how the velar nasal /ŋ/ opened up to a high back vowel /u/ when it\ncrossed into Japanese. Or maybe that's just a long /o/, I'm not really an\nexpert in Japanese (or anything).\n\nChinese/Japanese characters are one of the great things about east Asian\ncultures. There's a lot of history behind every one.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-14T23:39:25.510",
"id": "80654",
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{
"body": "Looking up [the etymology of the Japanese kanji\n\"湯\"](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B9%AF#Japanese), you will find \"From\nOld Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.\"\n\nAnd looking up a [Chinese etymology dictionary named\n象形字典](https://www.vividict.com/Public/index/page/details/details.html?rid=5095):\n\n>\n> 昜，既是声旁也是形旁，是“陽（阳）”的本字，日照，表示天然的温热。湯，金文（水，泉流）（昜，即“阳”，表示天然的温热），表示温泉。篆文承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，天然具有热度的温泉。\n\nBasically translated as:\n\n\"昜\" is the original word for \"陽\", meaning natural warmth. You can find the\ncharacter \"昜\" in \"太陽\", meaning \"the sun\". And the radical \"氵\" represents\n\"water\", pronounced 「さんずい」, in kanji such as \"泳\" or \"波\". So if you compose \"氵\"\nwith \"昜\", you got \"hot spring\".\n\nAs for the pronunciation, \"yu\". According to [this\nsite](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%B9%AF), it's not an on-reading(音読み), but a\nkun-reading(訓読み), so it's not related to Chinese pinyin. (By the way, the 音読み\nis トウ).\n\nAnd according to [語源由来辞典](http://gogen-allguide.com/yu/yu.html):\n\n> 湯の語源には、温泉が湧き出る意味の「いづ（出）」の反や、「湧」の字⾳からなど諸説あり、有⼒とされているのは、「ゆるむ（緩む）」の意味とする説である。\n> 冷⽔は縮まるようなものであるのに対し、湯は⾝も緩やかになるものなので妥当な説といえる。\n\nThe kun-reading(訓読み) is related to 「ゆるむ（緩む）」, which originates from \"the\nrelaxing feeling you get when you get into hot springs\".",
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"body": "I am planning to start a small business in the art industry in the UK. I was\nbrainstorming ideas for business names some time ago and I started typing in\ntranslations of English words I found relevant to the business goals.\n\nI found that accuracy and precision both translated (through google translate)\nto Seido 精度.\n\nI experimented with many other words but I kept returning to Seido as it is a\nshort word, with few syllables and has a good ring to it.\n\nRecently I was researching for website domain names and I found Seido is taken\nin many domains across the world for schools of karate. From my understanding\nSeido is not a traditional form of Karate and instead was a school created in\n1976 in the USA and has expanded to other schools internationally. I became\nconcerned that my interpretation (via google translate) was incorrect and that\npeople could be associating the use of Seido with karate. On one of the karate\nwebsites they have quoted \"'Sei' means truth, honesty and sincerity. 'Do'\nmeans Way\". I would like to know if this is a more accurate translation of\nSeido (than accuracy/precision) or if they have interpreted the structure of\nthe word in their own way?\n\nI want to pay homage and respect to the Japanese values of workmanship, detail\nand precision with my choice of business name.\n\nBut I want to be careful that I am not naively using a word that may have\nother meanings or may be more commonly known as a form of karate, and would be\ndetrimental to my businesses identity.\n\nThank you for any advice you can give me.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T03:24:20.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80640",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-14T18:46:58.647",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"usage",
"etymology",
"word-usage",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "I need help with the translations of the word Seido 精度",
"view_count": 574
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[
{
"body": "To answer your main question directly: Yes, 精度 (seido) can be used to mean\n\"accuracy\" or \"precision\" in most contexts.\n\nNevertheless, in certain contexts, where \"accuracy\" and \"precision\" are\ndistinguished (e.g. scientific), there may be better-defined words (e.g. 正確\n(seikaku) for \"accuracy\", 精密 (seimitsu) for \"precision\"). See: [Science\nwriting - exact, precise, or\naccurate](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/69430/science-writing-\nexact-precise-or-accurate)\n\nAs has been noted in the comments above, 正道 (seidou) which notably uses\ndifferent characters, means \"path of truth\" or \"path of righteousness\" or\nsimilar, and is a term used in judo. So, as you have discovered, the varying\n(in this case, sloppy!) forms of romanisation of Japanese terms into English\nmay lead you to have some overlap in the romanised form.\n\nOf course, how the word is romanised is supposed to be roughly phonetic, so it\nis helpful to consider homophones more broadly. There is one common true\nhomophone (i.e. sounds identical to 精度), which is 制度 - meaning \"system\" (e.g.\neducation system); and probably one rarer one 西土, meaning something like\n\"Western lands\". There are also plenty of 'false' homophones (i.e. sound not\nlike 精度 but do sound like 正道), such as 聖堂 (Confucianism), with varying rarity.\n\nIt shouldn't be a problem in and of itself for people to work out which\ncharacters you are referring to (especially if the characters appear in your\nbranding, or you give an explanation surrounding the genesis of the name), but\nthere may be unintended associations when transliterated to \"seido\" for all of\nthe reasons given above. That all said, most people in the UK obviously don't\nknow Japanese, and it may just look like a generically Asian word to most\npeople!\n\nFinally, for what is worth, given 精度 is a Chinese derived word, and is\nrendered the same in simplified Chinese, 精度 is also used sometimes in Mandarin\n(pronounced jīng dù) to mean \"precision\". However, from what I have seen (as a\nnon-native speaker, whose Mandarin is definitely worse than their Japanese!),\nit is used in the sense of \"this ruler is precise to 1mm\" as opposed to\n\"precision\" as the degree of reproducibility (which would usually be 精确度, I\nthink), so you may wish to think about the branding from a Chinese language\nperspective too.\n\nHope that helps!",
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80640
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80651
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80651
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"body": "I tried translating \"Grandpa fell down the stairs and got serious injuries\".\nSince \"Grandpa\" is the subject, I used the particle は (wa), and since the\naction is in past tense, I used the ~た (ta) ending for 落ちる (ochiru):\n\n> おじいちゃん **は** 階段【かいだん】を落【お】ち **た** 大怪我【おおけが】をした。\n\nAfter checking my translation attempt, the correction showed おじちゃんが (ojiichan\nga) and 落ちて (ochite):\n\n> おじいちゃん **が** 階段【かいだん】から落【お】ち **て** 大怪我【おおけが】をした。\n\nI know that the particle が (ga) is used for existence of the subject or to\nexpress desire, but I don't need to express existence here. Why is が used\ninstead of は?\n\nAs regards ~て (te), I know that the ending ~て (te) is used for progressive and\nimperative tenses, but again I don't need them here. Why is ~て used instead of\n~た?\n\nSince I am a beginner in Japanese, I cannot tell if I'm right or wrong. Can\nsomeone explain it to me?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T14:52:50.537",
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"owner_user_id": "40312",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Why are が and ~て appropriate instead of は and ~た in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 118
}
|
[
{
"body": "The particle が is used to mark the subject of any sentence. It's not merely a\nmarker of existence in ある/いる sentences. Although there are times when the\ntopic and the subject can be interchangeable, in sentences where specific\nactions happen, the subject is usually identified clearly. In your sentence,\nthe subject of the sentence is おじいちゃん, so it is natural to mark that noun with\nが.\n\nThe て form is also used in a conjunctive manner to connect two clauses. In\nyour example, there are two clauses (grandpa fell + grandpa was injured).\nUsing the て form is a simple way to connect those clauses and imply a\nrelationship between them.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-14T18:28:49.907",
"id": "80650",
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80647
| null |
80650
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How should I interpret this?\n\n> 点だった知識が線につながることを経験していただけたら幸いです\n\nIn my mind, mostly it seems like, based on -tara:\n\nIf 《 condition 》, then you are fortunate. \nOr: when 《 condition 》, I am fortunate.\n\nOn the other hand, I've also thought of it as, in a literal translation: When\nyou have come to experience the point of knowledge as connected by the line,\nyou are fortunate.\n\nGoogle translate gives: I hope you will experience that the knowledge that was\na point leads to a line.\n\nIs there a different reading to 幸いです?\n\nAlso should I view koto as こと( 点だった知識が線につながる) or こと(線につながる)? As in, to what\nextent does koto nominalise the phrase?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T15:10:57.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80648",
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"last_editor_user_id": "40313",
"owner_user_id": "40313",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"conditionals",
"subjects",
"object"
],
"title": "How to translate this 点だった知識が線につながることを経験していただけたら幸いです",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[
{
"body": "～たら幸い【さいわい】です (or ～れば幸いです) literally means \"it's fortunate if ～\". But you\nshould memorize this as a common set phrase that is usually translated into\nEnglish as \"I would appreciate if ～\" or something along these lines. It is one\nof the politest ways to request something in Japanese, and people use this\nphrase mainly in business letters and formal invitations.\n\nGoogle Translate's result (\"I hope you will ～\") is also correct, although it's\na bit simplified.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T03:15:12.520",
"id": "80657",
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"score": 2
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| null |
80657
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "80656",
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"body": "If I want to say:\n\n> I THOUGHT (I no longer think that) that you called me～\n\nWould it be okay to say:\n\n> ～を呼んだと思った\n\n(edit) or maybe:\n\n> ～を呼ばれたと思った\n\nI'm not very sure, I think I have never read such a double past in japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T15:29:37.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80649",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-15T02:28:43.527",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-15T02:28:43.527",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "35730",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"relative-tense"
],
"title": "double past correct?",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "Conclusion first:\n\n * 呼ばれると思う: I think I will be called.\n * 呼ばれたと思う: I think I was called.\n * 呼ばれると思った: I thought I was going to be called.\n * **呼ばれたと思った** : I thought I was called.\n\n* * *\n\nThe double past is possible in Japanese, but it **works differently from\nEnglish**. The Japanese language is based on [relative\ntense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25376/5010). In general, the\ndouble past is used in Japanese when two different time points in the past are\nrelevant. See [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/57195/5010)\ntoo.\n\nIn your case, 呼ぶ refers to an action that happens (or happened) instantly, so\nthe examples above may not seem tricky. But note that 呼ばれたと思った is about two\ntimes points in the past (i.e., When someone thinks \"Oh I was called\", it\nmeans someone has already finished calling him).\n\nHowever, you have to pay attention especially when a subordinate verb refers\nto state. See: [Tense and conjugation: いないみたいでした v.s.\nいなかったみたいでした](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/75087/5010) You would see\ndifferences when 呼ぶ is used as a progressive verb:\n\n * 呼ばれていると思う: I think I am being called.\n * 呼ばれていたと思う: I think I was being called.\n * 呼ばれていると思った: I thought I **was being** called.\n * 呼ばれていたと思った: I thought I **had been** called.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T02:28:25.367",
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80649
|
80656
|
80656
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "80674",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How can I understand any sentence with ってくらい\n\n> ''脳みそうが耳から溶け出すんじゃないかってくらい柔らかい'' <---\n\nContext: MC was talking about his master\n\n> ''師匠が言うには''\n>\n> ''ガキのうちは足が早いだけでモテる''\n>\n> ''中坊じゃ喧嘩がつよい奴がモテ''\n>\n> ''そっから先は頭がいいやつはモテる''\n>\n> ''つまり走って殴って本を読めってことらしい''\n>\n> ''時に厳しく時に淡く''\n>\n> ''擦り切れるような緊張感を放ち''\n>\n> ''脳みそうが耳から溶け出すんじゃないかってくらい柔らかい''",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T22:47:15.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80652",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-27T08:52:55.353",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-27T08:52:55.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "40013",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-と",
"anime",
"particle-くらい"
],
"title": "How can I understand というくらい / ってくらい",
"view_count": 462
}
|
[
{
"body": "Bunny senpai? Kinky.\n\nJokes aside, your interpretation of ってくらい being というくらい is spot on. This phrase\nis made up of two parts: という and くらい. If you split up the sentence into these\ntwo sections it might be easier to understand.\n\n> 耳から溶け出すんじゃないか **って** \n> going to melt and fall out out of my ear.\n\nThe って here just quotes the previous clause. という can be used to modify the\nnoun that comes after it, which in this case is くらい, which means extent. So if\nyou add it to the end:\n\n> 耳から溶け出すんじゃないかってくらい \n> To the point where (it) would melt and fall out of my ear.\n\nIf you put the two clauses:\n\n> 脳みそが柔らかい。 \n> My brain was soft.\n\n> 耳から溶け出すんじゃないかってくらい \n> To the point where (it) would melt and fall out of my ear.\n\ntogether, you would get:\n\n> 脳みそが耳から溶け出すんじゃないかってくらい柔らかい \n> My brain was so soft that it felt like it would melt and fall out of my\n> ear.\n\nI hope this helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T21:26:21.400",
"id": "80674",
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80652
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80674
|
80674
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "80655",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It came up in a game (in the sentence ううん、これも時とタイミングですね。) and when I tried to\nlook it up on different Japanese dictionary- and phrase-type sites, nothing\ncame up, and when I looked around on Twitter to see if I could glean the\ncontext, I still didn't understand from peoples' posts, though they used it as\nwhat seemed to be a common phrase. It seemed to sometimes be used in ways like\n\"if I have time and if the timing is right / if I have the opportunity (then\nwe can meet up),\" but in this context, it didn't seem right. Maybe that is\nalso incorrect, though, as I am not fluent.\n\nIs there possibly any way for some ways that it is used to be given in varying\ncontexts, if anyone would have a moment?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-14T23:11:27.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80653",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-15T04:52:29.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does the phrase 時とタイミング mean?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "時とタイミングですね just means \"It's about timing\" or \"It depends on when\".\nこれも時とタイミングですね means \"It also depends on when\". タイミングによります would be more\nexplicit.\n\nI don't call 時とタイミング a fixed set phrase, but I do hear it sometimes. Here 時\nand タイミング refer to almost the same thing, so it's probably an example of\n[tautology](https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-tautology.html)\nfor emphasis, like \"first and foremost\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T02:00:52.203",
"id": "80655",
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"score": 2
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80653
|
80655
|
80655
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I was reading some comments on [this Youtube\nvideo](https://youtu.be/E9tuO9lsrXc) and this comment in particular had a\nbunch of likes:\n\nかんーわええのぅ。\n\nI looked it up and it translates as \"I don't know\" on Google Translate.\n\nCan someone explain this one to me? I looked up the parts like かん on Jisho but\nit still doesn't make much sense. I just started learning so I'm probably just\nmissing something basic.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T07:57:40.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80658",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-26T21:58:44.993",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-26T21:58:44.993",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40211",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"role-language"
],
"title": "Can someone explain かんーわええのぅ",
"view_count": 319
}
|
[
{
"body": "> **かんーわええのぅ。。** 鼻水までもが愛おしく見える。世界いち **かわいいよ** ー。\n\nThey meant 「かわいいな。」/「かわいいなあ。」, \"Wow that's cute.\" They wrote it in an\nemphatic, lengthened, and nonstandard (dialectal or classic) way. (な/なあ\nindicates 詠嘆/exclamation. Related post\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/80684/9831).)\n\n(What they meant is also clear from the last part of their comment, 「かわいいよー。」)\n\nいい often changes to ええ in western dialects. Related:\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/65899/9831) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/53231/9831).\n\nThe のぅ is the sentence-ending particle / 終助詞「のう」. See\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AE%E3%81%86-596155). (Don't confuse\nthis with [終助詞「の」](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AE-596099).) Please see\nalso [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/12106/9831) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27433/9831). It corresponds to\nstandard/modern な、なあ or ね、ねえ. (デジタル大辞泉 says:\n`近代以降は「ね」「ねえ」「なあ」が一般化し、現在では主に、方言として西日本で用いられる。`) This のう is still heard in some\nwestern dialects, but it can also sound old-fashioned and is often used as\n[老人語/old man's\nspeech](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/search?q=%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%AA%9E),\na kind of [役割語/role\nlanguage](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/search?q=%E5%BD%B9%E5%89%B2%E8%AA%9E)\nin fiction (and this may be why someone has responded to it 「おじいちゃん目線ｗ」).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T01:38:21.550",
"id": "80701",
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"score": 5
}
] |
80658
| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The Kagoshima National Athletic Meet seems to have been postponed indefinitely\nfrom 2020 for obvious reasons.\n\nHowever, I'm more interested in its slogan 燃ゆる感動. 燃ゆる is indeed the 連体形 of 燃ゆ,\nso I believe this is grammatical in Classical Japanese.\n\nBut my question is -- why the archaism? It doesn't seem to fit the theme at\nall. Alternatively, is 燃ゆる retained in a dialect, and is here to add local\ncolour?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mLINZ.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T08:11:08.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80659",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-15T08:11:08.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "816",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "Why 燃ゆる in a modern slogan?",
"view_count": 96
}
|
[] |
80659
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80662",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching [Hello\nWorld](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HELLO_WORLD_\\(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB\\))\non Netflix when I encountered 親睦会. Googling it, I learned that a similar word,\n懇親会, exists. I would like to ask if the content of this\n[article](https://www.cs-orihara.jp/archives/1381.html) is reliable.\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T11:29:56.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80661",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-15T12:33:55.073",
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"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 親睦会 and 懇親会?",
"view_count": 64
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to several online articles Google showed to me, people who believe\nthey are different seem to say 懇親会 is more official/formal/serious (like ones\nheld at a hotel after a business conference or a 入社式), while 親睦会 is more\ncasual/private (like 合コン, お花見, etc). I also feel 懇親会 sounds slightly more\nformal, but perhaps not many people distinguish them seriously in daily life.\nIn my opinion, it's perfectly fine to call a casual izakaya party a 懇親会, and\nvice versa.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T12:33:55.073",
"id": "80662",
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80661
|
80662
|
80662
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80681",
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"body": "In the Kanji textbook I've been studying from, I've seen compounds like\n\n> 社会学部 or 物理学科\n\nand both are then translated as 'the department/faculty of ～'. Is there any\ndifference between 部 and 科 in this instance and if so, what is it? (I know\nsomeone who is a 部長 is above someone who is a 科長, so is a (subject～)部 larger,\nor encompassing of, a (subject～)科 perhaps? Just a guess...)\n\nThank you for any and all help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T13:29:48.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80663",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-16T05:04:07.033",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-15T14:08:38.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "36655",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 学部 and 学科?",
"view_count": 520
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 学部とは大学を構成する単位を指し、学科とは学部の中で専門分野に特化した科目を指します。\n> 医学部・医学科を例に挙げた場合、医学という大きな枠組みが学部として存在し、その中にある専門分野に特化した医学科が学科ということになります。\n\nFound this through a google search. Although I understand that both of them\nhave dictionary definitions of being \"departments\", the most common usage\nprobably isn't the case for 学科. What's being said here is that 学科 usually\nmeans the subject within a department. For example, 医学部 would mean the\n\"medical department\" while 医学科 would mean something along the lines of\n\"medical science\". So your guess would be correct that 学部 is more general than\n学科.\n\nI also saw in a Chiebukuro post that this is what is generally understood: 大学\n> 学部 > 学科",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T05:04:07.033",
"id": "80681",
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80663
|
80681
|
80681
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "A Japanese person that was born in Nagoya wrote on instagram a very short\nsentence: 年賀状に使えるな that I'm not able to translate. Different online\ntranslators give opposite results. The [TanoshiJapanese\ndictionary](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/entry_details.cfm?entry_id=97489)\ndoesn't help me distinguish between meanings 1) and 3).\n\n * How would you interprete the \"な\" at the end of the sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T14:13:25.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80664",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-17T00:45:03.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39873",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-な"
],
"title": "Interpreting な in 年賀状に使えるな",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "To break it down:\n\n年賀状 \"new years card\" \nに \"as, for, for the purpose of\" \n使える \"can use\" \"be usable\" -- potential form of 使う \nな -- sentence ending particle (終助詞) for 詠嘆, 推量, 納得, etc.\n\n> 年賀状に使えるな。\n\nThe な here can indicate light exclamation, conjecture, or maybe conviction. So\nit can mean something like:\n\n> \"It can be used as a new years card(, I think/suppose).\" \n> \"(I think / I'm sure) I can use it as a new years card.\"\n\nA few examples of this な:\n\n> かわいいな。 Oh that's cute. \n> いい天気だな。 What a nice day. \n> お[腹]{なか}が[空]{す}いたな。 I feel hungry. \n> 明日は晴れるな。 (I think) it'll be sunny tomorrow.\n\n* * *\n\nIt cannot be negative imperative (\"Don't ~~!\") in your example since 使える is\nthe potential form.\n\nCompare: \n使いな。 -- light command \n使うな。 -- negative imperative",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T06:12:00.667",
"id": "80684",
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80684
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"body": "There are already posted\n[questions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/47659/meaning-of-\nverb%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B) (and answers) for the meaning of となる as a\nsimilar pattern to になる, but with a sense of finality.\n\nHowever, I've come across the following sentence\n\n> A棟{とう}は、１階が寮長{りょうちょう}の部屋と食堂{しょくどう}、２階が男子で、３階が女子のフロアー **となっていて**\n> 、B棟{とう}は男子学生のみだった。\n\nwhere なる as a meaning of \"consist\" or \"be composed of\".\n\nMy question is, how is the となる construction affected if なる does not have the\nusual meaning of \"becoming\", but one of \"consisting\"? Specifically, what is\nthe meaning of the bold part?\n\nEdit:\n\nFor clarity, I already know that なる can mean \"to be composed of\". What I'm\nlooking for is the nuance of に vs と when なる is used with this sense.\n\nWith the \"become\" meaning, と adds a sense of finality, like \"has finally\nbecome\". What is the corresponding nuance in with \"composed of\"? \"Has finally\nbecome composed of\" does not make sense in the example sentence...",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "となる with a sense of composition",
"view_count": 98
}
|
[
{
"body": "The verb is in the formとなっている which you could construe in this context as “has\nbecome”. But that would result in an awkward translation in English. So,\n“consists of” seems like a reasonable translation.\n\nBut what seems reasonable to me aside, check out Kenkyusha’s New Japanese\nEnglish Dictionary. This dictionary (at least my print addition which is over\n20 years old at this point) lists 14 subheadings under なる. Subheading 4 lists\nthe following renderings for the verb: consist of, be composed of, be made up\nof, be formed of.\n\nKeep in mind that very simple verbs like なる can have very broad and subtly\nnuanced meanings/uses. It’s best not to try to force one English translation,\n_become_ , into another, _to consist of_. It’s better to read (or listen) to a\nwide range of genres to begin to get a sense of the subtle nuances of these\nwords.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-17T02:46:48.933",
"id": "80702",
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80666
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80702
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{
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"body": "I was wondering how した is used in this sentence.\n\n> また ああやって くだらないバカな 斜め下すぎる解決法 出して\n\nI pretty much know everything else about it, but I don't know how 斜め and 下\nwork together.",
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"creation_date": "2020-09-15T16:56:42.080",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "what is the use of 下 in this sentence",
"view_count": 95
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[
{
"body": "**斜め下** is a fixed word.\n\nI think it was originally used in a set phrase 予想の斜め上／下, where 予想の上／下 means\n\"higher/lower than expectation\", and 斜め is added to mean \"from an unsuspected\ndirection\".\n\nThus 斜め上 started to describe that something (someone's action, idea, or some\ncourses of event) is so shockingly unexpected, beyond the range of ordinary\nimagination that you feel as if caught off guard. Then by analogy, 斜め下 to mean\nits less-than-expected counterpart, that is something so eccentrically silly\nthat even a foolproof measure couldn't prevent it.",
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"creation_date": "2020-09-18T14:48:03.400",
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80668
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80723
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "80673",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "芸達者で食欲が旺盛な、ごくふつうの犬です。\n\nI'm currently reading a short manga and this sentence was used at the end of\nthe chapter, for context the story is about a タヌキ (usually referred as a dog).\n\nThat one day the owner's dad goes to see the new dog, and he sees that this\nnew \"Dog\" is capable of writing in a flipbook, so he got shooked. The owner\ntells her dad that he is like those dogs that are on the tv that are\n_performers_.\n\nAt the end of the chapter, there's an extra \"narrator-like\" phrase that says:\n\n> \"芸達者で食欲が旺盛な、ごくふつうの犬です。\"\n\nI interpret it as two different phrases that complement, the first part says\n\"芸達者 **で** 食欲が旺盛な\" wich the で I see at the \"place\" where the rest occurs,\nsomething like \" _Being clever makes her hungry_ \" then the phrase is\ncomplemented by the rest \"ごくふつうの犬です\" which is something like \"That's how dog\nusually be\".\n\nThe use of the で as a \"referring place\" of the action is correct? or should I\nsee as a whole text that refers to the clever/good-at-performance",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-15T20:35:26.627",
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"owner_user_id": "40325",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Japanese word using で” in this sentence",
"view_count": 58
}
|
[
{
"body": "The で here doesn't refer to location in this context. This で is used to link\n形容動詞/na-adjectives. It lets multiple adjectives describe a noun in one\nsentence.\n\n彼女はしとやか **で** 奇麗な女の子です。 \nShe is a refined, beautiful girl.\n\n芸達者 **で** 食欲が旺盛な、ごくふつうの犬です。 \nA good at performing, big-appetited, extremely normal dog. (literal\ntranslation) \nAn extremely normal dog that just happens to be good at performing and has a\nbig appetite. (more natural translation)",
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"creation_date": "2020-09-15T20:53:44.673",
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80672
|
80673
|
80673
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been reading this\n[book](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000361/files/58199_69586.html) and I\ncame across this paragraph, which is aa conversation between two people:\n\n『では、一つどういうわけでわたしがその愛のお蔭で、ああいう事件をし出かしたか、あなたにお聞かせしましょう。』\n\n『どうぞ、もしあなたに苦痛でなかったら。』\n\n『いや、わたしは黙っているのが苦痛なんです。まあお茶を **おあがん** なさい‥‥それとも、あまり濃すぎますか？』\n\nいかにもお茶はビールのようだったが、わたしは一杯飲み干してしまった。ちょうどこのとき車掌が通り過ぎた。彼は毒々しげな眼つきで、それをじっと見送っていた。やがて車掌が出て行ってから、ようやく話を始めた。\n\nMy translation regarding this part would be:\n\n『いや、わたしは黙っているのが苦痛なんです。まあお茶を **おあがん** なさい‥‥それとも、あまり濃すぎますか？』\n\nNo, My silence is painful. Well the tea .... なさい, or is it too strong?\n\nI have tried looking for the meaning of that word, but I have been unable to\ndo so.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-15T23:53:41.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80675",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33280",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How is おあがん working in this sentence",
"view_count": 78
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is just お茶をお上がりなさい written in a way that reflects the speaker's speech\npatterns.\n\nSo your translation is nearly right: \"In any case, please have some tea. Or...\nis it too strong for you?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-16T00:05:37.223",
"id": "80676",
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80675
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80676
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{
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"body": "I came across this sentence while reading\n[下町ロケット](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%94%BA%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88).\n\n> 「ウチで密かに調べてみましたが、佃製作所はいま、資金調達すらままならない苦境にあるそうです。どう転んだところで、佃製作所に **生き残る目**\n> はありませんよ。それにですねーーー」\n\nThe most obvious interpretation for me was,\n\n> We searched from our end and Tsukuda Works is having problems raising funds\n> right now. No matter how it turns out, Tsukuda Works **has no way to\n> survive/get out of this.** And ...\n\nI am confused as to what exactly 生き残る目 means here. Some of the possibilities\nthat I can think of\n\n 1. 目 symbolizes an essential part of the body, kind of like saying \"he will have no limb to use\". So, 生き残る目 would kind of symbolize how it would be very difficult to survive when there is nothing to rely on.\n 2. 目 might symbolize a person. And consequently, 生き残る目 would mean, no person would survive this or, help them out but I am less sure of this than the first one.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-16T04:39:38.507",
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"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"phrases",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does 「生き残る目」 mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 321
}
|
[
{
"body": "The [目]{め} means \"chance\" \"possibility\". According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> め【目】 \n> ⑩ 好ましいことが起こる可能性。 \n> 「全員に優勝の **目** が残っている」\n\nI think it's the 目 in the phrase\n「[[勝]{か}ち[目]{め}](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%8B%9D%E3%81%A1%E7%9B%AE/#je-12650)がある・ない」.\n\nAnother example from\n[プログレッシブ和英中辞典](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E7%9B%AE/#je-74309):\n\n> 目がない 3〔可能性がない〕 \n> この試合では、もう勝利の **目** が無くなった \n> There's no longer any chance of our winning the game.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-16T04:57:51.800",
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80678
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80679
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80679
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"body": "So I was wondering if someone could clear up when you are allowed to omit と\nwhen listing things and when it's usually recommended to omit と.\n\nHere are some examples of sentences I found in a book that either omit と\naltogether or only omit one or two and it's confusing.\n\n> 今回の旅行ではスペイン、イタリアそしてフランスと、おもに南ヨーロッパを中心に回った。 \n> On this trip I traveled mainly around southern Europe, to Spain, Italy, and\n> France\n\nWhy in the above sentence do they omit と after スペイン and イタリア but include it\nafter フランス?\n\nThen in the following sentence they omit と altogether:\n\n> 夏休みにタイ、マレーシアそれからインドネシアの三カ国を回ってきた。 \n> During the summer vacation I traveled around three countries: Thailand,\n> Malaysia, and Indonesia.\n\nThen in the next one they include と between the first and second noun but\nleave it between the second and third noun:\n\n> 初級のクラスは月曜日と水曜日、それから土曜日にやっています。 \n> We have a beginners' class on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays.\n\nDoes this mean that you can choose to use と or leave it out when you like?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T05:00:23.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80680",
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"owner_user_id": "12084",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Omitting と when listing things",
"view_count": 311
}
|
[
{
"body": "I tried to investigate a bit (and was surprised by the number of white papers\nabout the classification of conjunctions in the Japanese language).\n\nI found that this discussion seemed very close to your question: \n<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1380980358>\n\nA summary of the replies in that discussion:\n\n * In enumerations of more than 2 things, you usually use the conjunction/particle と only once ; using more than that is an influence of the usage of \"and\" in English, and might also sound childish\n\n * It is OK to use と after the first item in the list ; or before the last one. However there are cases where the と only \"applies\" to the items just before and after it (grouping them in a same category). (Maybe imagine a sentence like \"the boat contained men and women, apples, and bricks\" where the first 2 items would be grouped in a same category by \"and\").\n\nYou might also be interested in this discussion a bit similar but about や,\nwhere it is also mentioned that its position in the enumeration connotes\ndifferent groupings: \n<https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/3042585.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-10-24T14:32:42.390",
"id": "82276",
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"body": "Meaning of と in your first example,\n\n> 今回の旅行ではスペイン、イタリアそしてフランスと、おもに南ヨーロッパを中心に回った。\n\nsounds different from the other two examples. It doesn't sound to be the list\nindicator.\n\nIn fact, I found this explanation in Wikitionary.\n\n> 11. 様態・比喩的な役目を果たす。というように\n>\n> * 泡と消えた\n> * 花見と洒落込む\n> * 東京、名古屋、大阪と移動する\n> * 起床は五時と寺の朝は早い\n> * ごまんといる\n> * そんなことは何百回とあった\n>\n\nと. (2022年3月16日00:02). Wiktionary, フリー多機能辞典. 2022年3月19日02:46\n[https://ja.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%A8&oldid=1651016](https://ja.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%A8&oldid=1651016)\nにて閲覧.\n\nThe third example,\n\n> 東京、名古屋、大阪と移動する\n\nis particularly similar to your first example.\n\nThe Japanese,\n\n> 様態・比喩的な役目を果たす。\n\nis a bit strange. It should read 様態を表したり、比喩的な役目を果たしたりする。(presenting detailed\ndescription or giving a metaphor).\n\nIn your first example, スペイン、イタリアそしてフランスと gives a detailed description to the\nphrase おもに南ヨーロッパを中心に, which in turn modifies the verb 回った. (Or, you can\ninterpret the sentence as both スペイン、イタリアそしてフランスと and おもに南ヨーロッパを中心に modify\n回った.) The sentence can be rephrased as\n\n> * 今回の旅行ではスペイン、イタリアそしてフランスというように、おもに南ヨーロッパを中心に回った。\n> * 今回の旅行ではスペイン、イタリアそしてフランスの順番で、おもに南ヨーロッパを中心に回った。\n> * 今回の旅行ではスペイン、イタリア、フランスなどの南ヨーロッパの国々を中心に回った。\n> * 今回の旅行ではおもに南ヨーロッパを中心に回り、スペイン、イタリア、フランスを訪れた。\n>",
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80680
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82276
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"body": "I know the basic difference between して and させて。\n\nhowever in the following examples, I am getting a little confused.\n\nアプリを起動して。\n\nアプリを起動させて。\n\n車を発進して。\n\n車を発進させて。\n\nHow exactly are they different?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-09-16T05:24:37.203",
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"owner_user_id": "3512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation"
],
"title": "Difference between して and させて",
"view_count": 83
}
|
[] |
80682
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80693",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following sentence:\n\n> ワタシをわすれちゃいやだよ\n\nI'm guessing it means something like:\n\n> You forgot me!\n\nBut what is happening / what is the meaning with the `や` being attached to\n`ちゃう`'s verb stem?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T05:44:15.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80683",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-16T17:51:06.723",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-16T06:21:50.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "30339",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Verb stem plus や meaning",
"view_count": 238
}
|
[
{
"body": "Pretty sure ちゃ is the shortened form of ては. では/ては can be used in a similar way\nto the conditional たら, but only for negative results. For example:\n\n> 忙しい時に、仕事を休まれては困ります。 \n> It will be a problem if you skip work when we are busy.\n\nThere are many other ways to use this grammar point, including what you\nmentioned in the comments.\n\n> そうしなくてはいけません。 \n> そうしなくちゃいけません。 \n> You have to do it that way.\n\nFor your example, if you expand the sentence, it should become:\n\n> 私を忘れては **いや** だよ。 \n> If you forgot me I would feel bad. (literal translation) \n> I don't want you to forget me. (natural translation)\n\nいや・嫌 here just expresses that the speaker is emotionally opposed to this\nhappening. So \"If you forgot me, I would have negative emotions.\" I hope this\nhelps :)",
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"creation_date": "2020-09-16T17:51:06.723",
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80683
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80693
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"body": "I have a couple of situations I was hoping someone could help me understand if\nが or は is more appropriate in the following situations.\n\nScenario A: Describing what a person is doing.\n\n 1. You are by yourself and you see a complete stranger buying food and for whatever reason you feel like muttering \"That person is buying food over there\".\n 2. You are with a friend who also sees the stranger and also doesn't know who the stranger is and you want to let your friend know and say to them \"That person is buying food over there.\"\n 3. You see celebrity Ariana Grande who you know about because you listen to their music (but don't know them personally) and they are buying food and you want to mutter to yourself \"Ariana Grande is buying food over there\".\n 4. You see celebrity Ariana Grande buying food. You're with your friend who you believe is also familiar with Ariana Grande and you want to let your friend know and say to them \"Ariana Grande is buying food over there\".\n 5. You see celebrity Ariana Grande buying food. You're with your friend and you believe they wouldn't know who Ariana Grande is because they don't listen to pop music and you want to let your friend know and say to them \"Ariana Grande is buying food over there.\"\n 6. You are with your friend and you see another person who is actually John and is friends to you both so you both know who John is. John is buying food. You want to let your friend know and say to them \"John is buying food over there.\"\n\nScenario B: Describing a person's features\n\n 1. You are by yourself and see a complete stranger with red hair and for whatever reason you feel like muttering \"That person has red hair.\"\n 2. You are with a friend and you see a complete stranger with red hair and you want to let your friend know who also doesn't know the stranger and you want to say to them \"That person has red hair.\"\n 3. You see celebrity Ariana Grande with red hair who you know of and want to mutter \"Ariana Grande has red hair.\"\n 4. You see celebrity Ariana Grande with red hair. You're with your friend who you believe is also familiar with Ariana Grande and you want to let them know and say to them \"Ariana Grande has red hair.\"\n 5. You see celebrity Ariana Grande with red hair. You're with your friend who doesn't know who Ariana Grande is and you want to let them know and say to them \"Ariana Grande has red hair.\"\n 6. You are with your friend and you see another person who is actually a friend called John and he is actually friends to you both so you both know who John is. John has red hair. You want to let your friend know and say to them \"John has red hair.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T06:22:44.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80685",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-17T14:25:26.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12084",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "は vs が in neutral sentences",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "> A1. You are by yourself and you see a complete stranger buying food and for\n> whatever reason you feel like muttering \"That person is buying food over\n> there\".\n\nzero particle; あの人、あそこで食べ物買ってる (if you don't specify him with あの, it's が;\nあそこで人が食べ物を買ってる)\n\n> A2. You are with a friend who also sees the stranger and also doesn't know\n> who the stranger is and you want to let your friend know and say to them\n> \"That person is buying food over there.\"\n\nIf you use あの人 in the sense of him or her rather than \"that person\", you can\nuse が besides zero particle; あの人（が）あそこで食べ物買ってる.\n\nAs for A3-A6, it's が.\n\nB1 and B2 are either は or zero particle. i.e. あの人（は）髪（が）赤いな.\n\nWhen it comes to B3-B6, it's は, unless they have abruptly dyed their hair.\n\nEdit:\n\nScenario A depicts the scene where you discover a temporal or dynamic state\nwhich is unusual and unexpected. When you describe or report that, you don't\nuse any topic phrases to compose a sentence. As a result, you use が to denote\nthe subject. (You can search this site with \"現象文 or neutral descriptive が\".)\n\nHowever, when the subject of that type of sentence is modified with a\ndeterminer like この, その or あの, the subject has to be marked with zero particle.\nIn other words, you don't add any particle after the subject. (Incidentally,\nquestion of 現象文 is accompanied with zero particle too.) In this regard, あの人\ncan be a simple personal pronoun which corresponds with him or her. When you\nuse it in that sense, it's a bit different from adding a determiner to the\nsubject.\n\nScenario B refers to something to some extent permanent. So, you use topic\nphrases, which is a principle.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T10:01:41.200",
"id": "80688",
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"score": 2
}
] |
80685
| null |
80688
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is the sentence '意思にしか動くな' a correct sentence? I mean to say someting in the\nlines of 'Act on (move by) will alone'.\n\nis it's meaning clear and are there more elaborate ways of conveing that\nmeaning in japanese?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T07:18:57.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80686",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-17T00:27:17.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40288",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Is the sentence '意思にしか動くな' a correct sentence?",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "意思にしか動くな is ungrammatical, mainly because of に. ～ **に** 動く means \"to move\n**to** ～\", as in 南に動く (\"to move to the south\"). Here, the correct particle you\nhave to use is **で**.\n\n * (～の)意思で動く: to act on ～'s will, to act with a purpose\n * 自分の意思で動く: to act on your own volition\n\nThen you can combine it with しか and say something like this:\n\n * ～の意思でしか動かない: to act only on ～'s will\n * 自分の意思でしか動くな: Act only on your own volition!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T00:27:17.163",
"id": "80699",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80686",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
80686
| null |
80699
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80700",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could you please explain to me how to use ひとつ (to give something a try) and\ngive me some example sentences?\n\nI have found ひとつ as a grammar pattern in this site:\n\n<https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n1-grammar-%E3%81%B2%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A4-hitotsu/>\n\nbut the examples don't seem clear to me.\n\nIf you could help me, I would be really thankful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T15:18:10.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80689",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-17T00:51:58.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "ひとつ (give something a try)",
"view_count": 221
}
|
[
{
"body": "The examples in the link seem good to me overall. 明鏡国語辞典 defines this as\nfollows:\n\n> ### ひとつ\n>\n> 《副》 \n> ① 何かを思い立ったときに軽い調子でいう語。ちょっと。ためしに。「━やってみよう」\n\nIt's an adverb used before a verb related to (casual) attempting or\nsuggesting, and it implies the result is not very predictable or the speaker\nis not very serious. Perhaps \"anyway\" is closest, but sometimes it's closer to\n\"okay\", \"you know what\" or \"what about ～\".\n\nIt also works as a casual \"please\":\n\n> ② 相手に依頼するときに軽い調子でいう語。どうか。「━よろしくお願いします」",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T00:36:44.837",
"id": "80700",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-17T00:51:58.233",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-17T00:51:58.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80689",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
80689
|
80700
|
80700
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What's the difference between using these structures\n\n * 行くことを決めた\n * 行くと決めた\n * 行くことに決めた\n * 行くって決めた\n\nThey all mean \"I have decided to go\". So which one should I use?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T16:08:50.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80690",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-17T00:19:08.500",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-17T00:19:08.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between こと and と, word choices",
"view_count": 27
}
|
[] |
80690
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80698",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference between using the te form of a verb with the potential\nform as opposed to just the ru form?\n\nE.g.\n\n> 食べてられない、待ってられない \n> 食べられない、待てない",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T16:11:10.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80691",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-18T01:54:53.653",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-17T02:00:07.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Te form and ru form of verbs when used with potential form",
"view_count": 265
}
|
[
{
"body": "食べられない is just negative-potential, but 食べてられない is a colloquial version of 食べて\n**い** られない, which is negative- **progressive** -potential.\n\n * 待てない: I can't wait.\n * 待って(い)られない: I can't keep waiting.\n * 食べられない: I can't eat it.\n * 食べて(い)られない: I can't stay here eating it.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** Some more examples:\n\n * 見られない (= 見えない): I can't see it.\n * 見て(い)られない: I can't watch it any more. / It's unbearable to see.\n * 起きられない: I can't get up (out of bed).\n * 起きて(い)られない: I can't stay awake.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T00:16:31.330",
"id": "80698",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-18T01:54:53.653",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-18T01:54:53.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80691",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
80691
|
80698
|
80698
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I realise that でも is only used at the start of a sentence whilst けど is only\nused to join 2 sentences. I have been chatting with lots of japanese and they\nalways use けど to start a sentence after a fullstop. Question is, is my\nunderstanding flawed? Or is it just bad habit to use けど",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-16T16:14:30.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80692",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-17T00:13:26.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "けど and でも differences",
"view_count": 292
}
|
[
{
"body": "> けど is only used to join 2 sentences\n\nけど is just a colloquial variant of けれども/けれど, and it can safely come at the\nbeginning of a sentence. In monolingual dictionaries, it's categorized both as\na 接続詞 (conjunction) and 接続助詞 (conjunctive particle), meaning it can be at the\nbeginning of a sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T00:13:26.743",
"id": "80697",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-17T00:13:26.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80692",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
80692
| null |
80697
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82987",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am Slightly confused about the word order for に And で\n\nAre both of these examples correct and the only difference the emphasis?\n\n> 私は夏に公園で先生に会います: **I** am meeting my teacher at the park in the summer\n>\n> 夏に公園で私は先生に会います: **In the summer at the park** I am meeting my teacher\n\nAny help would be appreciated thanks.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T12:50:59.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80703",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T08:04:25.623",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-18T09:52:48.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "40207",
"owner_user_id": "40207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"time",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Word Order で And に before topic",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[
{
"body": "As asa9ohan and Jak said, In Japanese, the word order does not matter, that’s\npossible due to the existence of particles.\n\nAs long as your understanding and usage of particles is correct, the sentence\nwill be correct.\n\nIn short, both sentences are right.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-08T07:28:56.570",
"id": "82987",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-08T07:28:56.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36379",
"parent_id": "80703",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80703
|
82987
|
82987
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80708",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This a line from \"good morning call\"\n\n> **その横で平気な顔していられるか？**\n>\n> Next to that can you wear a cool face ?\n\nHow would one explain ~て いる in its potential form ~て いられる ?\n\nI understand it as \"Next to that can you be wearing a cool face ?\"= so a\nnuance of ability/potential with emphasis on being a continuing action rather\nthan say 顔できる [can wear a face] which is more declarative.\n\nAm I correct ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T14:11:50.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80704",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-17T20:12:43.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39695",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "~ていられる - present progressive and potential?",
"view_count": 440
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are correct that していられる is the potential form of the している. However, you\ncannot replace it with できる. できる removes the progressive tense that している\nexpresses. For example:\n\n> 平気な顔ができる。 \n> To be able to make a calm face.\n\nAlthough maybe you could argue that with context, this sentence would mean\nsomething more natural, but it sounds like someone saying that they \"can\nphysically make a calm face.\"\n\n> 平気な顔している。 \n> Making a calm face.\n\n> 平気な顔していられる。 \n> To be able to keep making a calm face.\n\nSo, for your example, it would instead mean to \"keep making a calm face\"\nbecause it is the potential progressive form of the verb する. I'm guessing\nsomething very surprising or scary happened, so this sentence expresses\n\"There's no way I/could maintain a calm expression.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T19:03:09.053",
"id": "80708",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-09-17T20:12:43.097",
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"owner_user_id": "21657",
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"score": 4
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] |
80704
|
80708
|
80708
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been trying to self-translate the lyrics for Secret Base, and this line\nsomehow confuses me.\n\n> 突然の 転校で どうしようもなく\n\nWhat exactly is the use of the で here? And what is its translation?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T15:17:34.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80705",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-18T12:43:35.473",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-17T18:54:26.713",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "40344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Function of で in these lyrics",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[
{
"body": "で here functions like \"due to\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T17:02:27.570",
"id": "80706",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-17T17:02:27.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "38735",
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"post_type": "answer",
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{
"body": "Let's try to break the sentence into parts.\n\n突然 can be called a の-adjective (more on that\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2770/so-called-%E3%81%AE-\nadjectives-how-does-%E3%81%AE-really-\nwork#:%7E:text=1%20Answer&text=As%20I%20understand%20it%2C%20the,of%2Dspeech%20is%20completely%20artificial.)).\nThere are myriad connections that の can perform (not just the usual possessive\none). If you're interested in all the possible meanings of の, I recommend\nchecking the book **A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar**.\n\n転校 is a name, which is being qualified by 突然. All in all, the group 突然の転校 is a\nname, meaning \"sudden change of school\".\n\nどうしようもなく comes from どうしようもない, which means \"there's nothing that can be done\nabout it\". ない is an adjective, and although the く form normally changes the\nadjective into an adverb, it can also be used to connect sentences (more on\nthis\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13614/%E7%84%A1%E3%81%84-and-%E7%84%A1%E3%81%8F-difference)),\nsimilar to the て form. \nAs a side note, the stem of a verb can also be used to connect sentences.\n\nFrom here, it's easier to grasp the meaning of で: it's connecting the two\nsentences. For nouns and な adjectives, you used で for connections such as\n賑やかで大きな町 (a lively and big town).\n\nSummarising, the sentence means\n\n> There's nothing I can do about the sudden change of schools. (lit. there's a\n> sudden change of schools and there is nothing to be done about it)\n\nEdit:\n\nThe previous example connected two な adjectives, but it can be equally used to\nconnect sentences/ideas (as is the case in the OP sentence). Here's a better\nexample, taken from a [college\nwebsite](https://selftaughtjapanese.com/2014/05/14/connecting-ideas-in-\njapanese/):\n\nやましたせんせいはにほんじんで、よんじゅっさいぐらいです。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-17T17:05:58.747",
"id": "80707",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-18T12:43:35.473",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-18T12:43:35.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "32479",
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] |
80705
| null |
80706
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a difference between 絶える & 死に絶える? 絶える already means to die out/to\nbecome extinct, so is 死 necessary?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T00:33:04.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80709",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-18T02:08:37.153",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36609",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 絶える & 死に絶える",
"view_count": 54
}
|
[
{
"body": "絶える has [a number of\nmeanings](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%B5%B6%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B/), but\nit primarily means \"to cease\" (e.g., 仕送りが絶える). To express death using 絶える, you\nusually have to say **命が** 絶える. 絶える may mean \"to die\" by itself in rare\npoetic/literary contexts with the aid of the context, but you almost never\nhave to do this unless you want to be a novelist or something. (By the way, to\nsay \"to die\" poetically, 果てる is much more common.)\n\nIn addition, 絶える is about the life of one person, whereas 死に絶える is always\nabout extinction or mass murdering.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T02:08:37.153",
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] |
80709
| null |
80712
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80715",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I understand, \" **食べましょう** \" and \" **食べよう** \" both imply, more or\nless, the same meaning, which is ' _to invite someone to eat with them_ ', the\nlatter being a verb conjugation of the volitional form, the more casual\n'ましょう'.\n\nHowever, \" **食べる** \", the base verb which means ' _to eat_ ', is much more\ncommonly used for the invitation message. I would like to know why that is so,\nand when have people started to use it, so much so, that is has become a\ncolloquial phenomenon.\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T00:41:40.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80710",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40348",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"spoken-language",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "Why do people say \"食べる\" instead of \"食べましょう\" or \"食べよう\"",
"view_count": 190
}
|
[
{
"body": "> However, \"食べる\", the base verb which means 'to eat', is much more commonly\n> used for the invitation message.\n\nNo. 食べる is **not** used as an invitation like ～ましょう/～よう, both of which roughly\nmean \"Let's eat it\". The plain form is used in the following situations:\n\n * To state the speaker's own will\n\n> 食べる! \n> I'll eat it!\n\n * As a question to check someone's will (used with a rising intonation)\n\n> 食べる? ⤴ \n> Wanna eat?\n\n(Note that this **can** sometimes work as a casual invitation, but basically\nit's just a question.)\n\n * Less commonly, as an imperative (used by a parent, teacher, etc. [Plain form as imperative](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15816/5010))\n\n> 食べる! \n> Eat it!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T06:38:12.270",
"id": "80715",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-18T06:38:12.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 3
}
] |
80710
|
80715
|
80715
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Looking through resources, it seems that あまり ~ない can be used for 'not _verb_\noften', 'not _verb_ much' and 'not _verb_ well' depending on the context. Is\nthere an easy way to tell which version is being used in a sentence and any\nway to make my own sentences' meanings clearer?\n\nFor example: あまり食べません could mean I don't eat much or I don't eat often.\n\nAnd if I wanted to say \"I don't often speak Japanese\" could I say 日本語はあまり話さない\nwithout it being misunderstood as \"I don't speak Japanese well\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T01:57:13.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80711",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-18T14:28:13.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40349",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Contextual uses of あまり ~ない？",
"view_count": 76
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is no way to identify the specific meaning of あまり〜ない other than\ncontext...\n\nAs for your last qusetion, 日本語はめったにorたまにしか話しません is better to be correctly\nunderstood. If you stick to あまり〜ない structure, add 普段. 普段あまり話さない sounds not\noften, rather than not well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T14:28:13.117",
"id": "80721",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-18T14:28:13.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38735",
"parent_id": "80711",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
80711
| null |
80721
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading into the が particle's various functions and the book I'm reading\nstates that apparently the subject with が receives only the exhaustive-listing\ninterpretation \"if the predicate is a static, stable state (described by a\nnoun, an い adjective, a な adjective, or a stative predicate)\".\n\nI had a few questions concerning this:\n\n 1. Does this mean all nouns are static, stable states and if not what kinds of nouns aren't static, stable states.\n 2. Does this mean all い adjectives are static, stable states and if not what kinds of い adjectives aren't static, stable states.\n 3. Does this mean all な adjectives are static, stable states and if not what kinds of な adjectives aren't static, stable states.\n 4. What is a \"stative predicate\"? Could someone provide some examples for clarity?\n\nI would really appreciate some help clarifying what constitutes a static,\nstable state.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T05:37:50.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80714",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-19T00:12:16.340",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12084",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Predicates that are a static, stable state",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[
{
"body": "What you are reading is about the distinction between \"general/known/old\ninformation\" vs \"new information\". Compare the following sentences:\n\n> 1. 月は黄色い。 \n> The moon is yellow.\n> 2. 月が赤い！ \n> The moon is red!\n>\n\nThe first sentence is about a general fact (like most sentences in Wikipedia),\nso は is used. This 黄色い is an i-adjective that refers to some \"stable state\".\nOn the other hand, the second sentence is about a temporary fact the speaker\njust noticed. In this case, you have to use が, because 赤い is an i-adjective\nthat refers to some \"temporary state\" or \"news\". Basically **any** noun,\ni-adjective and no-adjective can refer to both \"stable state\" and \"temporary\nstate / news\". 赤い refers \"static state\" in a sentence like イチゴは赤い\n(\"Strawberries are red\").\n\n * [Can someone explain me the use of は and が in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43213/5010)\n * [Why is this sentence ungrammatical? 「お寺が公園のとなりです。」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68923/5010)\n\nNow, the sentence you are reading is about an exception to this rule. When\nsomeone asks you \"Which is yellow, the earth or the moon?\", then you have to\nanswer like this:\n\n> 月が黄色いです。 \n> The _moon_ is yellow. \n> It's the moon that is yellow.\n\nThis 黄色い still refers to some \"stable fact\", but you have to use が here,\nbecause you are selecting 月 (and only 月) from several possibilities. That is,\nthis が has the \"exhaustive-listing\" function. I believe your textbook has\nalready explained this usage of が somewhere before the page you are reading.\n\n* * *\n\n> 4. What is a \"stative predicate\"? Could someone provide some examples for\n> clarity?\n>\n\nExamples include \"(ニューヨークはアメリカに) **ある** \" and \"(彼女はピアノが) **できる** \". Basically\nnon-action verbs that refers to some general fact are stative verbs. If\nsomeone said ニューヨークがアメリカにあります, it should be an exhaustive-listing sentence\n(i.e., a response to a question like \"Which city is in the US, Paris or New\nYork?\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-19T00:12:16.340",
"id": "80726",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80714",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
80714
| null |
80726
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Until I looked it up recently, I'd never really noticed that the verb 逃げる is\nintransitive, but it makes sense now that I think of it. But there's still\nsomething that bothers me, and that's that this verb can still be used with\nthe particle を. The same goes for the verb 逃れる, which is also intransitive.\nNone of these uses (such as 責任を逃れる, 都会を逃れる, 役員を逃げた) that I've found seem to\nfit with rules that allow を to be used with intransitive verbs. So does anyone\nknow what's going on here? The dictionary that I'm using doesn't seem to list\nthese senses as transitive, so I want to know whether these are exceptions or\nnot.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T06:53:03.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80716",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-21T04:52:50.943",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37055",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Transitivity of the verb 逃げる and 逃れる",
"view_count": 279
}
|
[
{
"body": "逃げる literally means \"run away\", which is natural to be intransitive even if\nyou speak English. It also takes an argument with ～から, that corresponds to\n\"from\".\n\n逃れる has a few different shades of meaning.\n\n 1. To keep away from a certain point where a (clear and present) danger exists. The \"point\" could mean a bomb, a burning building, or a man wielding his knife etc. In this sense, we use [point]-から逃れる.\n 2. To go out of (escape) a hostile area. \"Area\" means that it is a certain expanse of space, which could be an unstable country, a concrete jungle, or the state of poverty. In this case, we usually use [area]-を逃れる.\n 3. To avoid possible bad consequence in the future, which is not realized at this moment, but easily imaginable as a menace. Like arrest, public blame, or bankruptcy. It is also used in [consequence]-を逃れる.\n\n～を逃げる sounds just wrong to me, although I can suppose that some people might\nuse such a construction by analogy with 逃れる.\n\nSo your last sample phrase 役員を逃げた is pretty much ungrammatical, while 役員を逃れた\nis understandable in the way you evade being appointed executive.\n\n* * *\n\n**Edit** : \nAfter some discussion in the\n[chatroom](https://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/511/2020/9/19), the\ntransitive ～を逃げる might be a kind of older wording. It is very rare in\n[BCCWJ](https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/) (1976-) and have some\nappearances in [青空文庫](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/) (out-of-copyright books).\nModern speakers would not recognize this usage. We more naturally reword them\nin the present-day language.\n\n> 役員を逃げる → 役員を回避する (?) \n> 税そのものを逃げる → 税そのものを逃れる \n> 網の目を逃げている → 網の目をかわしている \n> 胸苦しさを逃げるために → 胸苦しさから逃げるために\n\nNote that there is another \"locational\" を, which means \"through\" or \"via\", and\ndoes not make a verb transitive.\n\n> 地下道を逃げるのよ！早く！ \n> _Run (away) through the basement (passage)! Hurry!_\n\n* * *\n\n**Edit 2** : \nI originally thought \"transitivity\" you mentioned meant whether the verb takes\nを or not, but it seems that you are concerned about the dictionary marking of\n自/他.\n\nIn this sense, it is complicated because there are two kinds of criteria to\njudge it: _whether it takes (non-location) を_ and _whether it is paired with a\nmore (in)transitive one_. Those two agree in most cases, but there are always\nexceptions. For example,\n[着る](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%9D%80%E3%82%8B/) and\n[休む](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%BC%91%E3%82%80/)† takes を but\npaired with\n[着せる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%9D%80%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B/) and\n[休める](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%BC%91%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B/). In such\ncases, dictionaries' marking would vary.\n[逃げる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%80%83%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B/) and\n[逃れる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%80%83%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B/) both\nhave counterparts\n[逃がす](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%80%83%E3%81%8C%E3%81%99/) and\n[逃す](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%80%83%E3%81%99/), and that must be\nwhy you find them 自動詞 in your dictionary. But it does not necessarily explain\nthe case alignment.\n\n† They may be better understood as \"reflexive ditransitive\", one of whose\nobject is the subject itself.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T14:17:56.280",
"id": "80720",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-09-21T04:52:50.943",
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
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"score": 6
}
] |
80716
| null |
80720
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "So the title of a video I've watched for immersion\n(<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmd_p5qnzCM>) is the following :\n天の川がアンドロメダと衝突したとき何が起こるか\n\nI would translate it to something like \"When the milky way collided with\nAndromeda, what happens\" and that makes no sense to me. The problem is, it has\nnot yet happened ( I'm talking about the andromeda and milky way collision),\nso I thought it shouldn't be present?\n\nCan you explain this to me?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-18T14:33:35.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80722",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-18T14:33:35.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"tense"
],
"title": "Sentence that I find odd",
"view_count": 53
}
|
[] |
80722
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I know that Katakana is used mainly for words for that originated from the\nwest. I was wondering why don't the Japanese pronounce those words just like\nthe Western ones? For example there is the word Zombie which is ゾンビ in Romanji\nit's Zonbi, is the ン pronounced as an English \"n\" or \"m\"?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-19T05:00:10.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80727",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-19T05:00:10.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40335",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Question on Japanese words that are similar to English ones",
"view_count": 128
}
|
[] |
80727
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Mina-san konnichiwa.\n\nI am struggling with the ndesu - nda form. I understand that in most instances\nthis is used to ask or give more context / an explanation. In practical use I\ndon't understand the difference between questions with or without this form.\n\nFor example: nani wo shite imasu ka? What are you doing VERSUS nani wo shite\niru ndesu ka? What are you doing / What is it that you are doing?\n\nIsn't it obvious that in the first question I also ask an explanation / reason\n/ context? What is the difference? I have the same question for the answer\npart.\n\nWatashi wa terebi wo mitte imase - I am watching TV VERSUS watashi wa terebi\nwo miru ndesu. I am watching TV / It is that i'm watching TV.\n\nI really don't see the difference in meaning; I am sorry for this. Hopefuly\nsomeone can help me.\n\nどうも ありがとう ございます",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-19T07:54:08.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80728",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-20T14:05:19.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40361",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "んです - んだ - Struggling with the practical use / difference with masu form",
"view_count": 228
}
|
[
{
"body": "I’ll leave bulk of explaining 何をしていますか vs 何をしているんですか for someone else.\n\nThough I will point out that 何をしていますか is in no way asking for an explanation.\nAll that’s being asked is “what are you doing?”\n\n何をしているんですか on the other hand might be asked in a context where you were\nexpected to be doing one thing but you appear to be (or actually are) doing\nsomething else. For example, you might be on the job and you’re supposed to be\nrebuilding the engine for a truck. Instead, the foreman finds you watch\nyoutube videos on you iphone. In that case, your foreman might ask 何をしているんですか.\nMaybe you’re goofing off; maybe you’re researching videos that walk you\nthrough the assembly.\n\nConsider another scenario: your mom walks into your room and out of pure\ncuriosity asks 何をしているの. You could answer テレビを見てる.\n\nIn another scenario, maybe your little sister keeps bugging you to do\nsomething with her and you’re getting annoyed. In English you might say,\n“can’t you see I’m watching tv?”. In Japanese, you might say テレビを見ているんだ",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-19T21:21:46.517",
"id": "80734",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-20T03:37:38.697",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-20T03:37:38.697",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "80728",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "In addition to the point about context/more explanation, there is another\ndifference between んです and just the ます verb ending:\n\nんです is a little more casual than ます. If you use only ます all the time, you\nsound stiff and formal. This is perfectly appropriate for situations like work\nor talking to a teacher. However, if you want to close the emotional distance\nbetween you and the person you're talking to, んです is a grammatical form that\nsounds a little relaxed and friendly while still being polite due to the です\nending.\n\nYou could use んです with a person you've gotten to be friendly with, or would\nlike to be friendly with. A coworker or student or friend at your level, for\nexample.\n\nIt could be used with a person above you, like a teacher or manager ONLY IF\nthey are relaxed and casual with you. It is always appropriate to keep using\nformal ます verb endings/sentence endings with your superiors.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-20T14:05:19.110",
"id": "80739",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-20T14:05:19.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17416",
"parent_id": "80728",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
80728
| null |
80734
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80767",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm still a Nihongo Noob but recently I tried to translate my Aikido\ncertificate for fun. The important part says:\n\n> [my name] \n> \n> 右者{みぎもの} 今般{こんぱん} 合気道{あいきどう} \n> \n> 参段{さんだん} ヲ 允可{いんか}ス\n\nwhich basically translates to \"Person to the right - now - Aikido - 3rd rank -\npermission (?)\"\n\nWhat struck me first was that the object marker ヲ and the ス are in Katakana. I\nfound out that this is common practice in official documents and sometimes a\nmatter of fashion.\n\n 1. Can someone confirm this, please?\n\nSecond I could not find out the function of the ス. According to Jisho 允可{いんか}\n(permission) can be both a noun and a suru-verb.\n\n 2. If it's a noun, what does the ス mean here? And if it's used as a suru-verb, what kind of strange conjugation of する applies here?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-19T12:00:15.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80730",
"last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T17:34:25.487",
"last_edit_date": "2023-08-27T17:34:25.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "36813",
"owner_user_id": "36813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conjugations",
"katakana"
],
"title": "允可ス on Aikido Certificate - Meaning and Katakana Usage",
"view_count": 296
}
|
[
{
"body": "允可ス is 允可する in modern Japanese. す is the\n[classical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Japanese) version of する.\n(允可 itself is rare in modern Japanese. We usually say 認可する or 認める today.)\n\nKatakana was the default kana for particles, okurigana and such until\nrelatively recently.\n\n * [Orthography at the turn of the previous century](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14848/5010)\n * [Why is this written in katakana instead of hiragana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/50317/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T06:10:54.247",
"id": "80767",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T06:10:54.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80730",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
80730
|
80767
|
80767
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80895",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "For context, the girl has found out that her 推しメン(refers to someone's\nfavourite member e.g. of a idol group from what I understand) has been exposed\n(週刊誌にすっぱ抜かれて). Based on the context below it would seem that they were caught\nat a love hotel, which If I understand the way the quotes are being used is\ncalled フリーバッティング(why would a love hotel be called this).\n\nHowever, I am looking at the second part of the sentence and am not quite sure\nI understand what is being said. If I understand correctly it is essentially\nsaying something like: if you are going to play around with women, then at\nleast 'narrow down to a low and inside pitch, and swing'. Is this essentially\nsaying something like \"focus on one woman\"(i.e. don't play around with\nmultiple women), or am I completely off in my understanding? There is no more\ncontext as this was only a short few lines as the character was leaving the\nclassroom.\n\n> 「何よラブホテル『フリーバッティング』って、どうせ女遊びするなら内角低めの直球に絞って振りなさいよ」\n>\n> なんか、独特な愚痴をこぼしている",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-19T19:55:34.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80732",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-03T14:06:51.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39502",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding this sentence/joke",
"view_count": 283
}
|
[
{
"body": "The last line looks like the narrator's thought in response to the person\nspeaking. The narrator thinks \"What weird complaint this guy has\".\n\nFree-batting does not seem to be the name of the love hotel. ってworks like は;\nit brings up a topic. The second half of the sentence is necessarily about\nthat topic. The second half of the sentence is not about a specific hotel, but\nabout how to treat?/chase?/interact with? women (in baseball analogy form, and\nI don't get the analogy). So free-batting is some way of chasing women, or\nsome activity.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-20T14:15:47.473",
"id": "80740",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-20T14:15:47.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17416",
"parent_id": "80732",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I looked up 内角低め and found this:\n\n<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1269920047>\n\nIn baseball, there are two types of pitches, wide-angle (外角) and narrow-angle\n(内角). Narrow-angle shots are arguably harder to hit because they fly very\nclose to the batter's body so you have to twist your body to reach the ball.\n\nSo essentially, what the speaker means by 内角低めのストレート（直球）を振る is to throw a\npitch that is hard to hit. In this case it's very similar to the meaning of\nthe English expression \"throwing a curveball\".\n\nIn contrast, フリーバッティング is a 和製英語 that means \"batting practice\". In batting\npractice, the ball is easy to hit because it's usually done by a machine that\nthrows balls with a predictable trajectory.\n\nUsing this as a metaphor, the complaint is essentially saying that by going to\na love hotel to mess around, he was making it too easy for the media to expose\nhim. What is implicitly understood here is that it is not uncommon for idol\ngroup members to play with women. However, this person seemingly made no\nefforts to be discreet, choosing a location as public as a love hotel to carry\nout his deed, which is why the fan was frustrated.\n\nTranslating the whole sentence, we have:\n\n> What is he thinking going to a love hotel, that's like letting a batter off\n> the hook with free shots. If you're going to do something risky like play\n> with women, at least throw a curveball (make it harder for them to find out,\n> be discreet about it).",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-29T09:14:11.117",
"id": "80889",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-03T14:06:51.970",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-03T14:06:51.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "37017",
"parent_id": "80732",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "You’ve got the basic baseball metaphor right – the speaker is implicitly\ncomparing the idol to a batter who swung at the wrong kind of pitch. I’ll\nbreak down a few of the key phrases below.\n\n> フリーバッティング (“free batting”)\n\nmeans batting practice, and according to 大辞林 it refers specifically to [a type\nof practice in which the batter is allowed to pick what kind of pitch he\nwants](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0).\nI initially took this as the speaker's own metaphor for the idol's\nphilandering, but on reflection I think you're correct in interpreting it as\nthe name of the love hotel where he was caught. Presumably, it's this name\nthat then inspires the speaker to come up with the baseball metaphor that\nfollows.\n\n> [狙{ねら}い球{だま}に] 絞{しぼ}って振る\n\nrefers to batting selectively or “waiting for the right pitch\" – that is,\nplanning one's at-bat and taking a careful, disciplined approach, rather than\nsimply chasing any pitch that comes along or trying to decide after a pitch is\nthrown whether it is going to be hittable or not. The \"right pitch\" can vary\ndepending on the state of play, the pitcher's strengths and weaknesses and\npitching patterns, and the batter's objective (e.g., getting on base vs.\nhitting a sacrifice fly or bunt). It can also change during the course of an\nat-bat.\n\n> 内角低めの直球\n\nis a hypothetical example of a 狙い球 – a **low, inside \"straight\" pitch**. (That\nis, a non-breaking pitch, like a four-seam fastball, as opposed to a curveball\nor a slider.)\n\nSo we can translate this part of the passage as\n\n> A love hotel called \"Free Batting\"? Give me a break! If you’re going to fool\n> around, don’t just swing at anything – wait for a non-breaking pitch that’s\n> low and inside.\n\nWithout more context, I don't think it's possible to say exactly what is meant\nby this metaphor, or whether there’s any real significance to the specific\npitch that’s named. But the basic idea seems to be that the guy should have\nbeen more selective in choosing a partner and/or a venue for his philandering.\nThat is, either the woman herself was somehow unsuitable, or he should have\ntaken her somewhere other than a love hotel. And possibly these two ideas are\nlinked: He shouldn’t be fooling around with the kind of woman who is content\nto be taken to a love hotel.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-29T19:37:53.427",
"id": "80895",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-30T17:09:39.407",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-30T17:09:39.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33934",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
80732
|
80895
|
80895
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this phrase in a movie:\n\n> 今年 最初のセーターをおととい私は出しました\n\nWhat does 出す mean?\n\n返事してくれてありがとう。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-19T21:03:30.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80733",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-24T04:19:58.193",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-24T04:19:58.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "39797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does 出す mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is about the seasonal change of clothing. 出す, in general, means \"to\nput/take out (from inside)\". In this context, the sweater is taken out of\nstorage and moved to the stack of clothes worn daily, in accordance with the\ntransition of the seasons.\n\nSo\n\n> Two days ago, I brought my first sweater out of storage this year (because\n> it's getting colder).\n\n（夏服/冬服/ etc.）を出す is a collocation often seen, the antonym being (服) をしまう (\"to\nput clothing away\").",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-20T06:24:01.747",
"id": "80736",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-23T19:21:34.037",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-23T19:21:34.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "33934",
"owner_user_id": "4223",
"parent_id": "80733",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
80733
| null |
80736
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "1. まだ十香の件にさえ納得がいっていない様子の折紙である。そんなところにもう一人精霊が現れた **というのである** 。それは不審に思うだろう。だが、かといって＜ラタトスク＞のことを説明するわけにもいかない。\n\n 2. 『ーー君の説明だけでは、信憑性が足りなっかたのだよ。何しろ自己蘇生能力に……精霊の力を吸収する能力 **というんだ** 。にわかには信じられん』\n\n 3. ただでさえ、女子の手作りクッキーをいただくなんてのは、他の男子たちの嫉妬の的だ。 しかもそれが、転入直後から、彼女にしたい女子ランキングを駆け上がった(と噂の)あの夜刀神十香のものだ **というのである** 。\n\nHi. Please have a look at the three examples. According to some people, all\nthree bold parts mean \"they said\". But I think the bold parts in the three\nexamples are some kind of emphasis----they function as \"add\", which is similar\nto the English equivalent \"even\", \"in addition\" or \"furthermore\". So in a\nmanner of speaking, they are similar to the other expression \"ときたものだ\".\n\nWhat do you think? Does my thinking make sense? Or should I take them\nliterally as \"they said\"?\n\nThank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-20T07:07:57.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80737",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-20T07:07:57.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Is というのだ similar to \"in addition\"? Or it is \"they said\"?",
"view_count": 170
}
|
[] |
80737
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found it in several sites like this:\n[https://daigakujc.jp/c.php?u=00325&l=05&c=00686](https://daigakujc.jp/c.php?u=00325&l=05&c=00686)\n\nMy question is what \"いくら時間がない” means.\n\nI've only been taught how to use いくら with でも.\n\nI only understand right now \"no matter how much time we don't have.\" But that\ndoesn't sound logical so I'm probably wrong.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-20T09:59:32.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80738",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-20T15:43:52.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37241",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does いくら mean with 時間がない?",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're not parsing the sentence correctly, I'm afraid.\n\n> でも、 **いくら** 時間がない **といっても** ０ではありません。\n\n「いくら～～ても」 means \"No matter how much ~~\" or \"Even though ~~\". \n「いくら～～と言っても」(≂「いくら～～とはいえ」) literally means \"No matter how much (one) say ~~\".\nIt can more naturally translate to \"It is true that ~~, but\" or \"Even though\nit is true that ~~\".\n\n> いくら時間がないと言っても... \n> \"Even though it is true that you have little time, ...\"\n\n* * *\n\nAn example from [another\nwebsite](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82-to-ittemo/):\n\n> 私たちは夜の間どこかに隠れることを考えなくちゃ。 **いくら** 武装してる **といっても** 、結局三人しかいないんだからね。 \n> We ought to think of taking cover somewhere for the night. After all we’re\n> only three, even if we are armed.\n\nThis post may also help:\n\n * <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/11082/9831>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-20T14:49:48.690",
"id": "80741",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-20T15:43:52.247",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-20T15:43:52.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "80738",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
80738
| null |
80741
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference between saying for example 限界までは我慢する and 限界まで我慢する I did\ngoogled a bit but can't find any relevant answers",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-20T17:24:55.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80742",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-20T20:46:57.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "までは vs まで difference",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is just the topic/contrast marker は attached to the end of まで. The topic\nmarker は can also be used for emphasis or contrast. In this case, it's similar\nto saying \"only until\" instead of just \"until\". For example:\n\n> 明日まで我慢する。 \n> I will endure it until tomorrow\n\nThe above sounds like a simple statement. Maybe you are in pain, and the\npainkillers won't be delivered until tomorrow.\n\n> 明日までは我慢する。 \n> I will only endure it until tomorrow.\n\nHere, は emphasizes 明日まで. Depending on context, this can mean different things.\nMaybe there is someone bothering you at work, and you already reported it to\nupper management, but they tell you that they are busy and will deal with the\nharassment later. This would mean something along the lines of \"I'll endure\nit, but only until tomorrow.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-20T20:46:57.133",
"id": "80743",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-20T20:46:57.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"parent_id": "80742",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80742
| null |
80743
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80764",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm someone who always tries to get behind the logic of every grammar point,\nand for Japanese, my endeavor has been fruitful most of the time. But not\nalways, for example when わかる is used as an imperative, as in わかってくれ, for\nexample. What is understood is marked by が in the case of わかる, so わかる doesn't\nhave the meaning of actively \"understanding\" something, but instead of\nsomething \"trickling down\" and being \"dissolved\" and thus unterstood. At least\nthat's how I've always understood it.\n\nHere's my question: If it's not about actively understanding, how does it make\nsense to say「わかってくれ」to another person? After all, they are not the agent of\nわかる. Instead, the thing understood is the agent.\n\nMy guess: わかる is one of those words (like 好き) which theoretically demand が,\nbut where the semantics of the words themselves have made them quite\nsusceptible to grammatical change in that regard, making it far easier for\nthem to tolerate を. わかる originally just meant \"to be divided\" as far as I\nknow, so of course it would take が. But its current meaning might be\ndisconnected far enough from that original meaning for it to now mostly be\nperceived as just \"to understand\", where the usage of が that comes along with\nit would only be an old grammatical relict that is starting to vanish in\ncasual speech. I presume English might have had some influence here, too. All\nof that is just an educated guess, but it seems plausible judging from my\nexperience.\n\nThanks for reading! This could have been a two-liner, but I always end up\nwriting half an essay...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-20T21:31:09.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80744",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T05:08:36.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Logic behind 「わかってくれ」",
"view_count": 240
}
|
[
{
"body": "When we say 分かってくれ and such, we have to use **を**.\n\n * そのこと **を** 分かってください。\n * ちゃんと相手の気持ち **を** 分かれよ！\n * 子供にもっと数学 **を** 分かって欲しい。\n * 彼女に事情 **を** 分かってもらいました。\n\nThese を can **not** be replaced with が, so I can at least say 分かる is\n**transitive** in these examples, just like English \"to understand\".\n\nBut when can we use 分かる as a transitive verb? It's complicated and I can't\nexplain it well, but you can read [Darius Jahandarie's\nexplanation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/27367/5010). The answer is\nabout 好き, but 分かる is listed as an example of weird verbs where が and を are\nsometimes interchangeable.\n\n * 彼はスペイン語 **が** 分かる: OK\n * 彼はスペイン語 **を** 分かる: NG\n * 彼にスペイン語 **を** 分かってもらう: OK\n * 彼にスペイン語 **が** 分かってもらう: NG",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T05:08:36.660",
"id": "80764",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T05:08:36.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
80744
|
80764
|
80764
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I found this sentence in a fiction I'm reading and am confused about what したて\nmeans after 弟子入り. Context: He is talking to a young merchant who reminded him\nof himself when he was younger.\n\n> なんだか、親戚の行商人の元に弟子入りしたての頃を思い出したのだった。\n\nAlthough I understand the gist of the sentence, I've never seen したて as a form\nof する. I thought maybe it might be 仕立て from 仕立てる to meaning training? So\n弟子入り仕立て would mean something along the lines of \"Apprentice in training\"? Is\nthis correct or am I interpreting it wrong?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-20T21:32:35.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80745",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-20T21:32:35.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of したて after a する-verb",
"view_count": 69
}
|
[] |
80745
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80862",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to work out how to say 'Today is also my birthday', but I can\nthink of three different situations and wondering what is the best way to say\neach of them in Japanese.\n\n * [Not only is it Christmas but] today is also my _birthday_.\n\n * [I heard it's your birthday, and] today is also _my_ birthday.\n\n * [I have two birthdays, I had one last month but] _today_ is also my birthday.\n\nIn no particular order, here are the sentences I have made but I don't know\nwhat goes with which, if they are the best for the sentences of even if they\nmake sense.\n\n * 今日も私の誕生日です。\n * 今日は私も誕生日です。\n * 今日は私の誕生日でもあります。\n\nThanks for any help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-21T11:38:53.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80746",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-28T12:33:39.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40374",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "How to say 'also', but in different contexts?",
"view_count": 238
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here is a pretty well known demonstration of syntactic ambiguity in Japanese.\n\n\n\nThe same kind of ambiguity can also occur in English, as you just\ndemonstrated. So, the \"best\" way to say them depends on the context. If you\nhave enough context and your goal is to be succinct and not sound too stiff,\nthen perhaps an ambiguous sentence will suffice. However, if you want to be\nabsolutely sure that the sentence on its own will convey exactly what you want\nit to convey, then it's best to just add the extra context, just like in\nEnglish.\n\nI think the examples you provided are already as specific as can be using just\nthe syntax, and they all work, except there's still ambiguity:\n\n> A. 今日も私の誕生日です。 \n> **Last month** was my birthday, and **today** is also my birthday. \n> _Last month it was **my** birthday (not yours), and today is also **my**\n> birthday (not yours). \n> Last month it was my **birthday** (not my anniversary), and today is also\n> my **birthday** (not my anniversary)._\n>\n> B. 今日は私も誕生日です。 \n> Today is **your** birthday, and also **my** birthday.\n>\n> C. 今日は私の誕生日でもあります。 \n> Today is my **funeral** , and also my **birthday**. \n> Today is **his** birthday, and also **my** birthday. \n> Today is **our anniversary** , and also **my birthday**.\n\nFor sentence A, the last two scenarios aren't practical, so there's\nessentially no ambiguity (however, if we were talking about something other\nthan birthdays they could become viable). Sentence B only has one meaning. But\nsentence C can mean 3 different things depending on context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-28T12:33:39.787",
"id": "80862",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-28T12:33:39.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37017",
"parent_id": "80746",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80746
|
80862
|
80862
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80763",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm looking for some help understanding what 引きよせられるように means in the below.\n\nI understand そっと胸の中へ包み込んだ to mean that he gently embraced 茉莉愛 into his chest,\nbut I'm not quite sure how 引きよせられるように modifies this. Does this sort of give\nthe impression/idea that she was \"pulled\" towards him?\n\n俺を見つめる茉莉愛。 **引きよせられるように** 、そっと胸の中へ包み込んだ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-21T12:30:08.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80747",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T04:43:15.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40375",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 引きよせられるように",
"view_count": 63
}
|
[
{
"body": "The subject of 包み込んだ is clearly 俺, so the subject of 引き寄せられる should be 俺, too.\nSo this 引き寄せられるように means not \"pulling her into my arms\" but \"(I was) being\n(psychologically) pulled to her\" or \"being allured by her\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T04:43:15.833",
"id": "80763",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T04:43:15.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80747",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80747
|
80763
|
80763
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80762",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, here's another nuances question: what are the differences between\n[返る](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%BF%94%E3%82%8B) and\n[帰る](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%B8%B0%E3%82%8B)?\n\nApparently, they have different \"secondary\" meanings, but are they\ninterchangeable when referring to \"returns\"?\n\nFeel free to also include 戻る, although some questions already tackled the [帰る\nvs 戻る](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/497/what-are-the-\ndifferences-between-%E5%B8%B0%E3%82%8B-and-%E6%88%BB%E3%82%8B) issue.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-21T14:38:53.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80748",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T04:35:36.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Differences between 返る and 帰る",
"view_count": 614
}
|
[
{
"body": "The difference is actually very simple. The subject of 帰る is a human or an\nanimal, and the destination is a place where they usually belong (home,\noffice, den, etc). In other words, you can think 帰る means \"to get home\" on its\nown most of the time. On the other hand, the subject of 返る is an inanimate\nobject, e.g., 返事, 落とし物.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T04:35:36.180",
"id": "80762",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
80748
|
80762
|
80762
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "80761",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "「恋するカレン」is a song by 大滝詠一 from his 1981 album A Long Vacation.\n[Lyrics](http://www.utamap.com/showkasi.php?surl=36810) for reference.\n\nThe part I am confused about is, who exactly is the actor i.e., person doing\n恋する and who is it directed towards?\n\nPossible translations I could think of\n\n 1. Love Karen\n 2. I love you Karen\n 3. Karen in Love\n\n1.Sounds too vague in my opinion. 2. doesn't seem like it because he could\nhave used 恋しているカレン or maybe 愛しているよカレン instead to make it more obvious (I might\nbe wrong here). 3. seems to be the closest translation when I eliminate 1 and\n2",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-21T16:50:11.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80750",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T03:59:59.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-usage",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What exactly does the song title 「恋するカレン」 mean?",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "If my interpretation of the lyrics is correct, I would say it has a double\nmeaning.\n\nThe first would be \"Karen, my love\" (or \"Karen whom I love\"). This is obvious\nfrom how he talks about her:\n\n> * 誰か話しかけてもぼくの眼は上の空 君に釘づけさ → No matter how much others (women) talk to me,\n> my eyes are (absent-mindedly) fixated on you\n> * OH! KAREN 誰より君を愛していた → Oh Karen, I loved you more than anyone\n> * OH! KAREN 振られたぼくより哀しいそうさ哀しい女だね君は → Oh Karen, you are sadder than me (who\n> was rejected), Truly you are a sad woman\n>\n\nThe other meaning is \"Karen in love\". He sings about how he's watching her\nwith this other man, but the other man doesn't really love her\n\n> * 君が彼の背中に手をまわし踊るのを壁で見ていたよ → I was watching you (from the wall/side of the\n> dance floor) (slow) dance with him; your hand (rubbing) his back\n> * Oh! KAREN 淋しい片想いだけが今も淋しいこの胸を責めるよ → Oh Karen, only (the sight of) a/your\n> lonely unrequited love could torture this lonely heart of mine\n> * ふと眼があうたびせつない色のまぶたを伏せて頬は彼の肩の上 → Every time our eyes meet (presumably as\n> she dances with the guy, and the singer is watching her from the side), your\n> lonely/painful eyes lower while you rest your head on his shoulder\n> * かたちのない優しさそれよりも見せかけの魅力を選んだ → You've chosen a fake type of charm over a/my\n> formless affection (sorry, I can't think of a good way to translate this)\n>",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-21T19:02:08.713",
"id": "80752",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-21T19:02:08.713",
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{
"body": "I think it's \"Karen in Love\", or more verbosely, \"Karen who is in love ( _with\nsomeone else_ )\". In a longer phrase with enough contexts, 恋するカレン could also\nmean \"Karen who I love\" (e.g., 僕が恋するカレン definitely means this). However, the\ntitle has to make sense on its own, and \"Karen in love\" is the only possible\ninterpretation if seen in isolation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T03:59:59.700",
"id": "80761",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T03:59:59.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80750",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80750
|
80761
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80752
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "80760",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've recently started learning Japanese on my free time, and since I'm a\ndeveloper, I figured \"hey, let's build my own study thingy\".\n\nAmong other things, I implemented a tokenizer thanks to which I can now split\nJapanese sentences into lexemes, so I can then easely identify each and every\ngrammar compound in the Japanese sentences I use.\n\nBut I'm currently facing one major issue: the tokens I retrieve from the\nKuromoji tokenizer are, well, in Japanese, and dispite all my researchs, I\nhave not found any viable translation of the said tokens.\n\nI've tried to use google translate, jisho and romajidesu in order to \"guess\"\nthe various meanings, but it's far from being a perfect solution.\n\nThat's why I came here, wondering whether anyone could help me get a at least\ntranslation of the said tokens. I know stackexchange users tend to dislike\nthis kind of post, and I apologize for it, but I figured this was probably the\nbest place to get some help.\n\nWithout further ado, I proudly present what I came up with:\n\nShort version (most recuring bits):\n\n接続 became 'conjunction' (based on Jisho's translation of 接続語)\n\n副詞 became 'adverb', 副詞化 became 'adverbization'. I did not actually find a\ntranslation for that word, however 化, according to Jisho, may mean 'action of\nmaking something; -ification', therefore I translated it as \"something that\nturns words into adverbs', 副詞可能 became 'potential adverb form', because 可能形\ntranslates to, again, according to Jisho, 'potential form' in linguistics\nterminology.\n\n助動詞 became 'inflecting dependent word', because it would seem that this is\nwhat it translates to (as long as we're talking about Japanese. For any other\nlanguages it would mean 'auxiliary').\n\n助詞 became 'particle' (unless a translation would lead me to a very specific\nterminology)\n\n命令 became 'imperative'\n\n促音便 became 'sukuonbin', since there's no actual translation (according to my\n(well, Jisho's) knowledge.\n\n基本形 became 'uninflected word' for probably a reason I'm unable to remember as\nI'm writing these lines. I may have translated the idea that the \"fundamental\nform\" of a word is its unchanged form, and therefore \"uninflected\" form.\n\n未然 became 'unperfective form'\n\n特殊 became 'irregular', because it translated to 'unique, peculiar...'\n\n連用 became 'continuative', since 連用形 translates to 'continuative form'\n\nカ変 became 'kahen'. I hesitated and thought about translating it to 'irregular\nka' but I found it to be less understandable, especially when you add \"kuru\"\nfor instance into the mix.\n\n一段・得ル': I kept the google trad for this one, but I highly doubt it should be\ntranslated to \"ichidan profit\".\n\n上二 became 'upper inflection' because 上二段活用 translates to \"conjugation\n(inflection, declension) of nidan verbs (resulting in a stem of either \"i\" or\n\"u\" for every conjugation)\"\n\n下二 beacme 'lower inflection' for the same reason as above.\n\n五段 became godan\n\nイ音便 became ionbin, because it has no real translation.\n\n五段・カ行促音便ユク: godan ka line sukuonbin yuku. I'm guessing the \"yuku\" is some kind\nof suffix, or form.\n\n文語 became 'formal'. That's what I came up with, considering it seems to\ntranslate to things one would say in written Japanese.\n\nlong version (the three objects and all the declinations - at least the ones\nfound in Harry Potter -)\n\n```\n\n const pos = {\n その他: 'other',\n アルファベット: 'alphabet',\n サ変接続: 'sahen conjunction',\n ナイ形容詞語幹: 'nai adjective',\n フィラー: 'filler',\n 一般: 'common',\n 並立助詞: 'parallel marker',\n 人名: 'person name',\n 代名詞: 'pronoun',\n 係助詞: 'particle',\n 副助詞: 'adverbial particle',\n '副助詞／並立助詞／終助詞': 'adverbial particle / parallel marker / sentence-ending particle',\n 副詞: 'adverb',\n 副詞化: 'adverbization',\n 副詞可能: 'frequency adverb',\n 助動詞: 'inflecting dependent word',\n 助動詞語幹: 'inflecting dependent word stem',\n 助数詞: 'Measure word',\n 助詞: 'particle',\n 助詞類接続: 'particle conjunction',\n 動詞: 'verb',\n 動詞接続: 'verb conjunction',\n 動詞非自立的: 'verb non-independent',\n 句点: 'period',\n 名: 'name',\n 名詞: 'noun',\n 名詞接続: 'noun conjunction',\n 固有名詞: 'proper noun',\n 国: 'country',\n 地域: 'area',\n 姓: 'surname',\n 引用: 'quote',\n 形容動詞語幹: 'adjectival noun',\n 形容詞: 'adjective',\n 形容詞接続: 'adjective conjunction',\n 感動詞: 'interjection',\n 括弧閉: 'closed parentheses',\n 括弧開: 'open parentheses',\n 接尾: 'suffix',\n 接続助詞: 'conjunction particle',\n 接続詞: 'conjunction',\n 接続詞的: 'conjunction',\n 接頭詞: 'prefix',\n 数: 'number',\n 数接続: 'number conjunction',\n 格助詞: 'case-marking particle',\n 特殊: 'irregular',\n 空白: 'blank',\n 終助詞: 'sentence-ending particle',\n 組織: 'organization',\n 縮約: 'contraction',\n 自立: 'independent',\n 記号: 'symbol',\n 読点: 'comma',\n 連体化: 'attributive form',\n 連体詞: 'adnominal adjective',\n 連語: 'collocation',\n 間投: 'intermittent throw',\n 非自立: 'non independent',\n };\n \n const conjugatedForms = {\n ガル接続: 'garu conjunction',\n 仮定形: 'imaginary form',\n 仮定縮約１: 'contraction',\n 仮定縮約２: 'contraction',\n 体言接続: 'word conjunction',\n 体言接続特殊: 'irregular conjunction',\n 体言接続特殊２: 'irregular conjunction',\n 命令ｅ: 'imperative e',\n 命令ｉ: 'imperative i',\n 命令ｒｏ: 'imperative ro',\n 命令ｙｏ: 'imperative yo',\n 基本形: 'uninflected word',\n '基本形-促音便': 'uninflected word - sukuonbin',\n 文語基本形: 'uninflected words',\n 未然ウ接続: 'imperfective u conjunction',\n 未然ヌ接続: 'imperfective nu conjunction',\n 未然レル接続: 'imperfective reru conjunction',\n 未然形: 'imperfective form',\n 未然特殊: 'irregular imperfective',\n 現代基本形: 'modern uninflected words',\n 連用ゴザイ接続: 'continuative gozai conjunction',\n 連用タ接続: 'continuative ta conjunction',\n 連用テ接続: 'continuative te conjunction',\n 連用デ接続: 'continuative de conjunction',\n 連用ニ接続: 'continuative ni conjunction',\n 連用形: 'continuative form',\n 音便基本形: 'uninflected word',\n };\n \n const conjugatedTypes = {\n 'カ変・クル': 'kahen kuru',\n 'カ変・来ル': 'kahen kuru',\n 'サ変・−スル': 'sahen suru',\n 'サ変・−ズル': 'sahen -zuru',\n 'サ変・スル': 'sahen suru',\n ラ変: 'rahen',\n 一段: 'ichidan',\n '一段・クレル': 'ichidan kureru',\n '一段・得ル': 'ichidan profit',\n '上二・ダ行': 'nidan upper inflection da line',\n '下二・ガ行': 'nidan lower inflection ga line',\n '下二・タ行': 'nidan lower inflection ta line',\n '下二・ダ行': 'nidan lower inflection da line',\n 不変化型: 'invariant',\n '五段・カ行イ音便': 'godan ka line ionbin',\n '五段・カ行促音便': 'godan ka line sokuonbin',\n '五段・カ行促音便ユク': 'godan ka line sukuonbin + yuku',\n '五段・ガ行': 'godan ga line',\n '五段・サ行': 'godan sa line',\n '五段・タ行': 'godan ta line',\n '五段・ナ行': 'godan na line',\n '五段・バ行': 'godan ba line',\n '五段・マ行': 'godan ma line',\n '五段・ラ行': 'godan ta line',\n '五段・ラ行アル': 'godan ra line + aru',\n '五段・ラ行特殊': 'godan ra line irregular',\n '五段・ワ行ウ音便': 'godan wa conjugation',\n '五段・ワ行促音便': 'godan wa line sukuonbin',\n '四段・ハ行': 'yodan ha line',\n '形容詞・アウオ段': 'adjective auodan',\n '形容詞・イイ': 'ii adjective',\n '形容詞・イ段': 'adjective idan',\n '文語・キ': 'formal ki',\n '文語・ケリ': 'formal keri',\n '文語・ゴトシ': 'formal gotoshi',\n '文語・ナリ': 'formal nari',\n '文語・ベシ': 'formal beshi',\n '文語・マジ': 'formal mashi',\n '文語・リ': 'formal li',\n '文語・ル': 'formal ru',\n '特殊・ジャ': 'irregular ja',\n '特殊・タ': 'irregular ta',\n '特殊・タイ': 'irregular tai',\n '特殊・ダ': 'irregular da',\n '特殊・デス': 'irregular desu',\n '特殊・ナイ': 'irregular nai',\n '特殊・ヌ': 'irregular nu',\n '特殊・マス': 'irregular masu',\n '特殊・ヤ': 'irregular ya',\n };\n \n```\n\nThis was a long message and if you read it all, I thank you for your patience.\n\nI'm French, so if I messed up some of my sentences to the point where you\ncan't understand them, feel free to ask me to rephrase them.\n\nIf you feel like the point of this website is not for these kind of posts,\nthen again, I apologize, and I'll gladly accept any link to other websites\nwhose goal would be to answer to these kind of questions.\n\nThanks again to anyone willing to help me out.\n\n*** UPDATE: Answer to @naruto's questions and a couple of followup questions\n***\n\nYes these tokens are based on the ipadic dictionary. I should have mentionned\nthat, but I totally forgot. Sorry about that. I tried to find information such\nas the one you've linked, but I did not find anything. All I found were either\ntechnical programming stuff or dead links.\n\nIf I may, I'd like to ask you a couple more things, and answer to your\nquestions at the same time:\n\n * I don't remember seing \"imperfective\" used somewhere. That's just the word I came up with as I was matching the various translations I found to the French and English grammatical terms I know. It reminded me of English's \"perfect\" / \"pluperfect\" and French's \"imparfait\" / \"plus que parfait\" tenses.\n\n * I'm guessing that する is the only important word that belongs to サ変' , like 来る in カ変 ?\n\n * Regarding 上二 / 下二, I made a mistake in my \"short version\" , I actually translated them like this: '上二・ダ行': 'nidan upper inflection da line', which is very... verbose. Based on your translation, I guess I could go with 'upper / lower nidan Xa line' ?\n\n * Regarding 数接続 I really don't know. not only do I have almost zero notions of Japanese grammar (yet!), the tokens I retrieved were retrieved out of context. As I said in my first post, I fed my script all Harry Potter's tomes at once, and I then printed the tokens it had found as well as how many times it had found them.\n\nHere's an updated version of my objects:\n\n```\n\n const partOfSpeech = {\n その他: 'other',\n アルファベット: 'alphabet',\n サ変接続: 'sahen conjunction',\n ナイ形容詞語幹: 'nai adjective',\n フィラー: 'filler',\n 一般: 'common',\n 並立助詞: 'parallel marker',\n 人名: 'person name',\n 代名詞: 'pronoun',\n 係助詞: 'particle',\n 副助詞: 'adverbial particle',\n '副助詞／並立助詞／終助詞': 'adverbial particle / parallel marker / sentence-ending particle',\n 副詞: 'adverb',\n 副詞化: 'adverbization',\n 副詞可能: 'adverbizable',\n 助動詞: 'auxiliary',\n 助動詞語幹: 'auxiliary stem',\n 助数詞: 'counter',\n 助詞: 'particle',\n 助詞類接続: 'particle conjunction',\n 動詞: 'verb',\n 動詞接続: 'verb conjunction',\n 動詞非自立的: 'verb non-independent',\n 句点: 'period',\n 名: 'name',\n 名詞: 'noun',\n 名詞接続: 'noun conjunction',\n 固有名詞: 'proper noun',\n 国: 'country',\n 地域: 'area',\n 姓: 'surname',\n 引用: 'quote',\n 形容動詞語幹: 'adjectival noun',\n 形容詞: 'adjective',\n 形容詞接続: 'adjective conjunction',\n 感動詞: 'interjection',\n 括弧閉: 'closed parentheses',\n 括弧開: 'open parentheses',\n 接尾: 'suffix',\n 接続助詞: 'conjunction particle',\n 接続詞: 'conjunction',\n 接続詞的: 'conjunction',\n 接頭詞: 'prefix',\n 数: 'number',\n 数接続: 'suffix to a number',\n 格助詞: 'case-marking particle',\n 特殊: 'irregular',\n 空白: 'blank',\n 終助詞: 'sentence-ending particle',\n 組織: 'organization',\n 縮約: 'contraction',\n 自立: 'independent',\n 記号: 'symbol',\n 読点: 'comma',\n 連体化: 'attributive form',\n 連体詞: 'adnominal adjective',\n 連語: 'collocation',\n 間投: 'interjectory',\n 非自立: 'non independent',\n };\n \n const conjugatedForms = {\n ガル接続: 'garu conjunction',\n 仮定形: 'imaginary form',\n 仮定縮約１: 'contraction',\n 仮定縮約２: 'contraction',\n 体言接続: 'word conjunction',\n 体言接続特殊: 'irregular conjunction',\n 体言接続特殊２: 'irregular conjunction',\n 命令ｅ: 'imperative e',\n 命令ｉ: 'imperative i',\n 命令ｒｏ: 'imperative ro',\n 命令ｙｏ: 'imperative yo',\n 基本形: 'uninflected word',\n '基本形-促音便': 'uninflected word - double consonant euphonic change',\n 文語基本形: 'kobun uninflected word',\n 未然ウ接続: 'irrealis u conjunction',\n 未然ヌ接続: 'irrealis nu conjunction',\n 未然レル接続: 'irrealis reru conjunction',\n 未然形: 'irrealis form',\n 未然特殊: 'irrealis irregular',\n 現代基本形: 'modern Japanese uninflected word',\n 連用ゴザイ接続: 'continuative gozai conjunction',\n 連用タ接続: 'continuative ta conjunction',\n 連用テ接続: 'continuative te conjunction',\n 連用デ接続: 'continuative de conjunction',\n 連用ニ接続: 'continuative ni conjunction',\n 連用形: 'continuative form',\n 音便基本形: 'uninflected word',\n };\n \n const conjugatedTypes = {\n 'カ変・クル': 'kahen kuru',\n 'カ変・来ル': 'kahen kuru',\n 'サ変・−スル': 'sahen suru',\n 'サ変・−ズル': 'sahen -zuru',\n 'サ変・スル': 'sahen suru',\n ラ変: 'rahen',\n 一段: 'ichidan',\n '一段・クレル': 'ichidan kureru',\n '一段・得ル': 'ichidan profit',\n '上二・ダ行': 'upper nidan da line',\n '下二・ガ行': 'lower nidan ga line',\n '下二・タ行': 'lower nidan ta line',\n '下二・ダ行': 'lower nidan da line',\n 不変化型: 'invariant',\n '五段・カ行イ音便': 'godan ka line i euphonic change',\n '五段・カ行促音便': 'godan ka line double consonant euphonic change',\n '五段・カ行促音便ユク': 'godan ka line double consonant euphonic change + yuku',\n '五段・ガ行': 'godan ga line',\n '五段・サ行': 'godan sa line',\n '五段・タ行': 'godan ta line',\n '五段・ナ行': 'godan na line',\n '五段・バ行': 'godan ba line',\n '五段・マ行': 'godan ma line',\n '五段・ラ行': 'godan ta line',\n '五段・ラ行アル': 'godan ra line + aru',\n '五段・ラ行特殊': 'godan ra line irregular',\n '五段・ワ行ウ音便': 'godan wa u euphonic change',\n '五段・ワ行促音便': 'godan wa line double consonant euphonic change',\n '四段・ハ行': 'yodan ha line',\n '形容詞・アウオ段': 'adjective auodan',\n '形容詞・イイ': 'ii adjective',\n '形容詞・イ段': 'adjective idan',\n '文語・キ': 'kobun ki',\n '文語・ケリ': 'kobun keri',\n '文語・ゴトシ': 'kobun gotoshi',\n '文語・ナリ': 'kobun nari',\n '文語・ベシ': 'kobun beshi',\n '文語・マジ': 'kobun mashi',\n '文語・リ': 'kobun li',\n '文語・ル': 'kobun ru',\n '特殊・ジャ': 'irregular ja',\n '特殊・タ': 'irregular ta',\n '特殊・タイ': 'irregular tai',\n '特殊・ダ': 'irregular da',\n '特殊・デス': 'irregular desu',\n '特殊・ナイ': 'irregular nai',\n '特殊・ヌ': 'irregular nu',\n '特殊・マス': 'irregular masu',\n '特殊・ヤ': 'irregular ya',\n };\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-21T20:58:21.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80754",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T16:00:35.960",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-22T16:00:35.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "40380",
"owner_user_id": "40380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "Kuromoji tokens",
"view_count": 206
}
|
[
{
"body": "These word classes seem to be roughly based on\n[IPA品詞体系](http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:HPL0BK1YYQAJ:www.itpro.titech.ac.jp/exp4/material/%25E5%2593%2581%25E8%25A9%259E%25E4%25BD%2593%25E7%25B3%25BB.xlsx+&cd=3&hl=ja&ct=clnk&gl=jp).\nIt includes domain-specific abbreviations and rarer classes from archaic\nJapanese. Some seem to be coined terms to handle minor exceptions rather than\nstandard grammar terms.\n\n * 副詞可能 seems to be a domain-specific coined abbreviation to me. Here it means \"can be used (also) as an adverb\" (or \"adverbizable\"?). It refers to words like 昨日, 来年, etc.\n * 文語 refers to [classical Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Japanese) (also known as [kobun](https://www.tofugu.com/series/kobun-guide/)).\n * 促音便 refers to \"geminating (促) euphonic change (音便)\" explained [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Verb_conjugations). 促 means \"gemination\" or \"double consonant\".\n * 未然形 is often translated as \"irrealis form\". See [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Stem_forms), for example. \"Imperfective\" may not be wrong but did you see it used somewhere?\n * カ変 is short for カ行変格活用 (\"irregular inflection of the ka-line\"), but 来る is the only important word that belongs to this.\n * If you translate 五段 as \"godan\", why don't you translate 上二 as \"upper nidan\" and 下ニ \"lower nidan\"?\n * 助数詞 is usually just called \"counter\" (本, 人, 枚, etc).\n * Isn't 数接続 a subclass of 接頭詞 (suffix)? Then it's \"(suffix that) continues to a number\" (約 \"approx\", およそ \"about\", 計 \"in total\", etc). It's an explanation rather than an established noun.\n * 間投 is \"interjectory\".\n * 助動詞 is often translated as \"auxiliary verb\" or just \"auxiliary\". See [my previous answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/63365/5010) for details. \"Inflecting dependent word\" may not be wrong as a description, though.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T03:49:41.400",
"id": "80760",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T03:49:41.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80754",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80754
|
80760
|
80760
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80849",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In my writing assignment, I wrote this paragraph.\n\nテレワーク **のように**\n、オンライン授業もいい経験だと思う。パンデミックの前は毎日、通学しないといけないし、何度も乗り換えをしないといけないし、往復だと４時間以上、つまり一日の６分の１以上かかるのであり、私にとっては面倒くさくて疲れることばかりだった。\n\nIt was corrected to\n\nテレワーク **と同様** 、オンライン授業もいい経験だと思う。(I think と同じように would work too.)\n\nWas there something wrong in the usage of のように to show likeness or similarity\nbetween telework and online class?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-21T23:33:30.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80756",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-05T17:43:42.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "のように vs と同様 to show similarity",
"view_count": 290
}
|
[
{
"body": "I got the answer and it was somehow expected:\n\n> 「テレワークのように」だと、不自然です。It sounds vague. 「テレワークがいい経験であるように、」なら、わかります。\n\nIt is interesting that a high-context language like Japanese would find\nsomething like this to be vague.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T19:49:58.057",
"id": "80776",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T19:49:58.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"parent_id": "80756",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "The difference between のように and と同様 is lost in translation here.\n\nBoth can be translated to \"like\", but actually there is a difference:\n\n> のように = \"just as with\"\n>\n> と同様 = \"just like\"\n\nTell me which one sounds more logical:\n\n> Online classes are a good experience, just like telecommuting (is).\n>\n> Online classes are a good experience, just as with telecommuting.\n\nThe second sentence is essentially what the のように in this sentence sounds like\nto a Japanese person. のように begs the question, \"they're both [adj], in what\nway?\" This unanswered question is why it will sound \"vague\" to a Japanese\nperson. You are not trying to say that both are good in a certain way, you are\njust saying that both are good, so と同様 is appropriate in this case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-27T21:22:13.993",
"id": "80849",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-05T17:43:42.133",
"last_edit_date": "2020-10-05T17:43:42.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "37017",
"owner_user_id": "37017",
"parent_id": "80756",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80756
|
80849
|
80849
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been reading this\n[book](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000361/files/58199_69586.html) and from\ntime to time I come across these double 々々 and also this symbol ／＼ oftentimes\nwithin it.\n\nFrom what I know, this 々 means repetition of the previous character. But in\nthis book there are many instances in which it is used doubly: 々々 after aa\ndouble kanji. For example:\n\n1.『さよう、女というものは、手遅れにならんうちに懲らしめておかんと、すっかり **滅茶々々** になってしまいますて。』\n\n2.『なに、大した悦びでもありませんよ。わたしはポズドヌイシェフです――ちょうど今あなたのいわれた際どいエピソードをおこした男です。つまり、自分の女房を殺したというエピソードをね。』すばやくわたしたちを\n**一人々々** 見廻しながら、彼はいった。\n\n3.恐らく彼も茶が利いたのであろう。 **次第々々** に興奮の度を増して、その声はだん／＼と音楽的に表情が強くなっていった。\n\n4.ペトロフさんのところではお医者の勧めで、早く方々の病院へ **別れ々々** に入院さしたので、子供らは命拾いをしましたが、 **別々**\nに離さなかった子供は死んでしまいました。\n\n5.妻の **一言々々** は毒を含んでいて、しかも彼女はどこがわたしの最も痛いところかよく心得ているので、そこを狙って刺をさすのです.\n\n6.そんなところに一人で寝て待っているのも、 **馬鹿々々** しい話ですからね。\n\n7.『すると、不思議なことではありませんか！ わたしが書斎を出て、見馴れた **部屋々々**\nを通り抜けて行くとき、またもや「何事もなかったのだ」という空頼みのこころが起りました。\n\nPersonally, I think they are read doubly: 滅茶々々 (めちゃめちゃ）、一人々々（ひとりひとり）and so on,\nbut it is number 4 that I have my qualms for: 別れ々々, as to how to read it. Is\nit わかれわかれ？ (That is the only word that has not aa double kanji before 々々).\n\nAnd about this symbol ／＼ (like in number 3, and there quite aa lot within the\nbook). How does it work within the paragraphs? Because frankly it is kind of\nannoying to come across it while one is reading.\n\n前もってお願いします。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T01:30:03.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80758",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T02:09:06.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33280",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"symbols"
],
"title": "How do you read the double 々々 and what does this symbol ／＼ mean in the book?",
"view_count": 483
}
|
[
{
"body": "This `／＼` represents [くの字点](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40805/5010),\nan old symbol to repeat two or more characters (usually kana). It was used in\nold Japanese where everything was written vertically, and there is no simple\nway to reproduce this symbol on browsers. This `／＼` is an workaround used by\n青空文庫 to simulate the くの字点 in horizontal text. It's explained\n[here](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/annotation/external_character.html#tokushu).\n\n々々 repeats two characters (usually kanji), as you have correctly suspected.\n別れ別れ is a relatively uncommon no-adjective that means \"separate\" (like 離れ離れ).\n\nWhen a repeated part included both kana and kanji (like 別れ別れ), both the くの字点\nand 々々 were used according to the writer's preference. I don't know which was\nmore popular. Only single-々 is surviving today.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T02:09:06.263",
"id": "80759",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T02:09:06.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80758",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
80758
| null |
80759
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80766",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are there usually any kanjis written in following the sentence\n\nもういちどあねがいします - Please once again\n\nMy textbook only rarely uses any kanjis and I was wondering how this sentence\nwould really/usually be written in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T05:11:49.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80765",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T05:35:13.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35933",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Are there kanijis in もういちどあねがいします",
"view_count": 79
}
|
[
{
"body": "もういちどあねがいします seems a misspelling of もういちどおねがいします.\n\nもういちどおねがいします is written in kanjis as もう一度お願いします.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T05:28:03.630",
"id": "80766",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T05:35:13.097",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-22T05:35:13.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "36126",
"owner_user_id": "36126",
"parent_id": "80765",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
80765
|
80766
|
80766
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80772",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this proverb 世の中は三日見ぬ間の桜かな。 Actually just this part 三日見ぬ間の桜かな。\nNow 見ぬ is an ancient form of 見ない。\n\nI found some sides in French, which I don't speak. There is a translation on\nlanguagerealm which just seems wrong, so I won't post it here and I found a\nJapanese person trying to translate it into English, but his English was not\nup to the task.\n\nThe proverb lacks a verb, where a verb should be, somewhere before かな and\nafter 桜. Now 三日見ぬ間, three days of not looking/ の桜, \"at\" the cherry blossoms/\nかな ???\n\nNow the thing with かな is, it can mean \"I wonder\", it can mean \"is it?\", it\ncould mean \"I hope that\" but then the sentence needs to be negative. This\nbrings me back to my problem of the missing verb. I'd like to read it as: 世の中は\n\"In this world,\", 三日見ぬ間の桜かな \"I hope we get three days to look at the cherry\nblossoms\". (as in life is really short, yet wonderful). I wouldn't mind\nreading it as: 世の中は \"In this world,\", 三日見ぬ間の桜 \"not looking at the cherry\nblossoms for three days\", かな \"astonishing\" (as in, woah the quick change of\nthe world)\n\nI am open to other interpretations, my Japanese is not good. Please tell me,\nhow you would read it and explain why. Where is the verb? Are there ancient\ngrammar rules at work? How am I wrong and how wrong am I?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T08:46:05.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80768",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T17:47:24.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36811",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"proverbs"
],
"title": "世の中は三日見ぬ間の桜かな - How to interpret the かな in this proverb? How to interpret this proverb?",
"view_count": 325
}
|
[
{
"body": "This \"proverb\" is actually a haiku by the eighteenth-century poet\n[大島{おおしま}蓼太{りょうた}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6%E8%93%BC%E5%A4%AA).\nLike many haiku, it lacks a main verb.\n\nかな does convey the sense that the poet is surprised or impressed – in this\ncase, by the rapid pace at which the world is changing – but \"astonishing\"\nmight be a little strong.\n\n-ぬ is the 連体形 of the negative particle -ず, so 見ぬ is _modifying_ 間. Thus, 三日見ぬ間の桜 isn't \"three days of not looking at the cherry blossoms,\" but \"cherry blossoms that one hasn't looked at for three days.\"\n\nFinally, は marks 世の中 as the \"theme\" of the poem, and this 世の中 doesn't mean the\nnatural world, as you seem to have assumed, but the world of human affairs. So\nthe poet is not talking about what happens \"in this [natural] world,\" but\nrather commenting specifically on the state of society, by _comparing_ the\npace of change to the speed with which cherry blossoms come into bloom and\nthen scatter. (Cherry blossoms are famously short-lived, and it's literally\ntrue that you could look at them one day and see them in full bloom, then come\nback after not looking at them for three days and find them gone. By the Edo\nperiod, when this poem was written, Japanese poets had been using cherry\nblossoms as a metaphor for impermanence for centuries.)\n\nSo the poem is saying that the world (i.e., contemporary Japanese society) is\nlike cherry blossoms one hasn't looked at for three days – it has undergone\nsudden and drastic transformation. And of course, the clear implication is\nalso that this change is for the worse.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T16:11:50.343",
"id": "80772",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T17:47:24.577",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-22T17:47:24.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "33934",
"owner_user_id": "33934",
"parent_id": "80768",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
80768
|
80772
|
80772
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80770",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I set my phone's language into Japanese to make me more exposed to the\nJapanese language. Therefore, many apps also turned into Japanese, following\nthe system's language.\n\nI have searched for a lot of kanji and words I can find on my phone, but there\nis this word written in kanji 白分 (shiro bun)?\n\nI don't really know how to read it but I know the kanji. I can guest the\nmeaning but I am not sure. So I wonder if anyone knows what it means and how\nto read the word.\n\nThanks in advance",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T14:50:56.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80769",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T15:13:37.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40193",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "Meaning of 白分 in Whatsapp",
"view_count": 382
}
|
[
{
"body": "The word is most likely not 白分, but 自分{じぶん}, meaning 'self'. In the context of\nan app, it refers to you, the user.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T15:13:37.190",
"id": "80770",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T15:13:37.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8085",
"parent_id": "80769",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
80769
|
80770
|
80770
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80777",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are the two phrases having the identical sound (including the accent)?\n\n * 大体 だいたい (Approximately) (Dictionary: [OJAD](http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ojad/search/index/sortprefix:accent/narabi1:kata_asc/narabi2:accent_asc/narabi3:mola_asc/yure:visible/curve:invisible/details:invisible/limit:20/word:%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%93)) \n * 代替 だいたい (Alternative) (Dictionary: [Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BB%A3%E6%9B%BF))\n\nI could not look them up in the same dictionary but two, and the two\ndictionaries use two different notations for the accent. Hence the question.\n(I am only a beginner)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T15:55:30.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80771",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T20:01:01.727",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-22T19:33:47.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "39371",
"owner_user_id": "39371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Sounds of 大体 (Approximately) vs 代替 (Alternative)",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "Welcome to JL SE! To answer your question, yes, they have the same pitch\naccent: <https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84>.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0izSE.png)\n\n**[0]** means that it has a heiban 平板 pitch accent.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T20:01:01.727",
"id": "80777",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T20:01:01.727",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29327",
"parent_id": "80771",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
80771
|
80777
|
80777
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Like this:\n\n> 私はこの漫画と友達に共有したいです \n> \"I would like to share this manga with my friends\"\n\nIt is okay if I use this sentence?\n\nThank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T16:29:49.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80773",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-23T19:20:55.803",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-23T19:20:55.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "33934",
"owner_user_id": "40383",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"sentence"
],
"title": "How do you say you want to share something with someone?",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 私はこの漫画と友達に共有したいです\n\nis not grammatical. The thing you are sharing is the manga. This is the object\nof the sentence and should be marked with を.\n\nThe person you are sharing with should be marked with と. I think it is\ngenerally true that と has a mutual feel to it, whereas に is more one-\ndirectional.\n\nSo you will get:\n\n> 私は友達と漫画を共有したいです。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T17:52:39.577",
"id": "80775",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-22T17:52:39.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "80773",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
80773
| null |
80775
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence while reading this\n[book](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000361/files/58199_69586.html) and I\nhave my doubts regarding 下すった. Does it come from the verb 下す? Personally, I\nthink it does, but is 下した not the past of 下す? Why 下すった？\n\n> 「神様の授けて **下すった** ものを、神様がお召しになったのだ。神様からのがれることは出来ない」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-22T20:35:27.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80778",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-27T19:08:43.907",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-27T19:08:43.907",
"last_editor_user_id": "33280",
"owner_user_id": "33280",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Which verb does 下すった come from?",
"view_count": 288
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's a variant of くださった in [nonstandard Tokyo\ndialect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_dialect) (江戸弁).\n\n * くださった → くだすった\n * くださって → くだすって\n * なさった → なすった\n * なさって → なすって\n\nFew people speak like this in reality today, but I think this is common in\nsamurai dramas, rakugo, and novels from the Meiji era to the early Showa era.\n\nくだす is not relevant; the past form of くだす is くだした.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-23T00:57:33.853",
"id": "80782",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-23T00:57:33.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "80778",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
80778
| null |
80782
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> 俺にあの日の再現をさせようってのか\n\nI know that ってのか is short for というのか.\n\nBut what does he mean by that sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-23T00:27:54.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80781",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T12:35:08.033",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "39797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "What does ってのか mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 331
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, っての/ってん is short for というの. Here, it's followed by か, so it's basically\n\"Are you saying ～?\", \"Is it that ～?\" or \"Does that mean ～?\".\n\n * [がってんなら - what kind of contraction am I dealing with in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/74618/5010)\n * [ってんだ with imperative](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17469/5010)\n\nThe remaining part is a rather simple causative + volitional sentence.\n\n> あの日の再現をする \n> to re-enact that day (literally \"to do the re-enactment of that day\")\n>\n> 俺にあの日の再現をさせる (causative) \n> to make me re-enact that day\n>\n> 俺にあの日の再現をさせようってのか (volitional + ってのか) \n> = 俺にあの日の再現をさせようというのか \n> Does that mean you're trying to make me re-enact that day?\n\n(This あの日の再現 may euphemistically mean \"to repeat the same mistake I made on\nthat day\" or something similar, depending on what happened on the あの日.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-23T06:30:21.667",
"id": "80785",
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"score": 5
}
] |
80781
| null |
80785
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "重要ないくつか\n\nI came across this and was wondering what it meant. One can parse it this way:\n重要ない ___くつか Or 重要な ___ いくつか Which does makes more sense? And can you give\nexample sentences?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-23T07:38:06.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80787",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-23T09:17:13.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40313",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "重要ないくつか what is this word ending?",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[
{
"body": "This いくつか is a pronoun, \"several ones\" or \"some\". Since it's a pronoun, it\nrefers to something that has been mentioned in the previous context. It's 幾つか\nin kanji. Jisho.org's entry is\n[this](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%B9%BE%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8B), although it\ndoesn't explain the usage as a pronoun. Examples:\n\n * いくつかは赤く、いくつかは白い。 \nSome are red and some are white.\n\n * 重要ないくつか \nSome important ones/items/points/aspects/etc\n\n * リストのうち重要ないくつかをピックアップしました。 \nI've picked up some important ones in the list.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-23T09:17:13.097",
"id": "80788",
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}
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80787
| null |
80788
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "If I want to say that I learned from something, Can I use like this? For\nexample:\n\n> この小説を読むと、いろいろなことわざを学びました。\n\nOr there are other Kanji that I can use?\n\nThank you for any help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-23T14:26:34.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80789",
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"owner_user_id": "40383",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"sentence"
],
"title": "How do you say when you learned from something?",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "A common way to express it is 勉強になる - \"to gain knowledge; to be illuminated,\nenlightening; informative; illuminating\" (definition from EDICT). As in\n勉強になりました.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-24T09:41:43.093",
"id": "80798",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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80789
| null |
80798
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following example sentence and translation in a dictionary:\n\n> 母の喜びようったら大変なものだった。 Mama was too pleased for words.\n\nI don't understand how that meaning arises, especially with \"喜びようったら大変なもの\".\n\nI suspect it might have something to do with ったらない being used to intensify the\ndegree or extant of something, but here the ない is replaced with 大変? Really\nunsure.\n\nEDIT: After some thought, can I break it down as:\n\n 1. 母の喜びよう mother's way of being glad\n 2. ...ったら as for ...\n 3. 大変なものだった was great/immense\n\nStill unsure if this is the correct parsing.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-23T16:46:52.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80794",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-24T02:28:28.840",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-23T16:58:37.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "15785",
"owner_user_id": "15785",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to understand 喜びようったら大変なもの",
"view_count": 95
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, 母の喜びよう is a noun phrase, \"Mother's way of being glad\". ったら after a noun\nis an emphatic topic marker used with an surprised or accusatory overtone.\nSometimes the following predicate is omitted. といったら is similar, but it is more\nliterary and does not have an accusatory nuance.\n\n * 山頂から見た景色の美しさったら、言葉にできないほどだった。 \nThe beauty of the view from the mountain top! It was beyond words.\n\n * もう、太郎ったら、また！ \nOh, Taro, he did it again!\n\n * お母さんの驚いた顔といったら！ \nYou should have seen Mom's surprised face!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-24T02:28:28.840",
"id": "80797",
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80794
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80797
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{
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"body": "Forgive my title as I don’t really have a good one at the top of my head.\n\nI’ve always been into word play when it comes to naming characters, but when\nit comes to Japanese it’s kinda difficult for me. I’ll put together a word\nthat I think means one thing and it completely translates into something\ndifferent.\n\n**Ex:** Kōaki- Kō(孝) _Filial piety_ and Aki(彰) _Clearly_ but when it but when\nI put the two together it’s Takaaki.\n\nIs there something that I’m misunderstanding?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-23T18:45:01.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80795",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-27T08:02:35.213",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-23T21:52:36.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "40398",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"names",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Why do the readings change?",
"view_count": 311
}
|
[
{
"body": "孝 read as こう is an 音読{おんよ}み, which is to say it's derived from Chinese. 彰 read\nas あき is a 訓読{くんよ}み, coming from a native Japanese word. (Actually it's a\n名乗{なの}り, meaning it's only used in names, but AFAIK the distinction doesn't\nmatter here.) Mixing the two in one word is unusual — but certainly not\nunheard of, especially in names, so you should be fine reading it as こうあき.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-24T20:45:18.413",
"id": "80803",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-25T16:48:28.873",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-25T16:48:28.873",
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"owner_user_id": "40410",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I'm not entirely sure I understand your question, but for the record:\n\n 1. Due to the way the Japanese writing system evolved, the same kanji can have many different readings, including onyomi (Chinese origin) and kunyomi (Japanese origin).\n 2. Usually the way a kanji is read is determined by its context within a sentence or what kanji it is paired with, but with names there are less rules. In particular, onyomi and kunyomi are usually not mixed within the same word, but it can occur in names.\n 3. A kanji's reading and its meaning are entirely separate. Just because a kanji reads differently in different contexts doesn't mean the meaning is different. Vice versa, the same reading can have multiple meanings.\n\nAs an example, the following kanji has 11 possible readings when placed inside\na name. When you make a Japanese name, you have to choose both the kanji and a\ncorresponding reading.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CgJGD.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-27T22:12:37.797",
"id": "80852",
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80795
| null |
80852
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80817",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it redundant to have わかるようになる and つもり in the same sentence?\n\nFor example: このノートの目標は、日本語ノートをきれいに書くのではなって、本当に学習をわかるようになるつもりです。\n\nLikewise, is the rest of the sentence content correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-24T12:56:18.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80801",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-26T05:01:20.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is it redundant to have わかるようになる and つもり in the same sentence?",
"view_count": 126
}
|
[
{
"body": "Saying both ようになる and つもりです is fine. They mean different things, so it is not\nredundant.\n\nBut you have to match the subject and the object. 目標は～つもりです literally\ntranslates to \"The objective intends to ～\" or \"My purpose is going to ～\",\nwhich does not make sense because the objective itself does not have a will.\n\nInstead, you have to say either of the following:\n\n * 目標は～することです \"The objective is to ～\"\n * (私は)～するつもりです \" I am going to ～\" \"I intend to ～\"\n\nIn addition, 学習を分かる is ungrammatical. You don't say \"to understand learning\"\nin English, either.\n\n> * このノートの目標は、日本語でノートをきれいに書くことではなく、学習したことが本当に理解できるようになることです。\n> * 単に日本語でノートをきれいに書くのではなく、本当に分かるようになるつもりです。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-26T01:42:42.897",
"id": "80817",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-26T05:01:20.493",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 3
}
] |
80801
|
80817
|
80817
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Which is the correct or more common way of writing\n\n駄目です\n\nor\n\nだめです?\n\nMy text book says it means \"it's is not possible\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-24T20:23:31.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80802",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-26T14:46:55.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35933",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Kanji or hiragana? 駄目です vs だめです",
"view_count": 195
}
|
[
{
"body": "Either is OK. Japanese use kanji to express classy atmosphere and use hiragana\nto express simplicity.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-26T05:19:10.520",
"id": "80822",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-26T14:09:27.243",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-26T14:09:27.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "37138",
"parent_id": "80802",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
80802
| null |
80822
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80809",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I believe it is acting maybe as a conjunction of すると But I'm not 100%\nsure。Here is the paragraph for full context.\n\n> さすがに少女の落胆にも物申したいところだが、自分の不甲斐なさが身にしみていてついつい言葉が出てこない。\n>\n> **と** ,それまで彼女の肩の上で沈黙を守っていた小猫が尻尾を振りながら\n>\n> 「安心しなよ。……彼、悪気だけはまったくない」\n\nAny help would be much appreciated thanks.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-24T21:23:04.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80804",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-25T14:01:33.720",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-24T23:24:35.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "40207",
"owner_user_id": "40207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What does と mean when it is at the beginning of a sentence？",
"view_count": 257
}
|
[
{
"body": "と here conveys the idea “at that moment”. Which moment? The one described in\nthe previous sentence.\n\nBut it seems you left out some of the following context. I’m guessing but it\nseems to me that the cat which has been quietly perched on her shoulder now\nbegins to speak.\n\nAt any rate, this sort of _dramatic_ use of と is not unusual and gives a sense\nof immediacy and flow to the narrative.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-25T14:01:33.720",
"id": "80809",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-25T14:01:33.720",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "80804",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
80804
|
80809
|
80809
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80806",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nwSHl.png)\n\n> ~口先生\n\nNothing comes to mind when I look at the first Kanji. I searched for Surnames\nwith 口 in them but nothing seems to match.\n[Here](http://kakijun.com/kanji/name/53e3.html) are all the surnames matching\n~口",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-25T04:12:50.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80805",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-29T03:19:27.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "What is the first Kanji in this image?",
"view_count": 211
}
|
[
{
"body": "It looks pretty clearly like it's\n[森口（もりぐち）](http://kakijun.com/c/68ee53e3.html).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-25T04:41:08.237",
"id": "80806",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-25T04:41:08.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16022",
"parent_id": "80805",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
80805
|
80806
|
80806
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80808",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like help with how 限り is used with a negative verb:\n\n> 奇跡でも起きない限り あり得ないわよね\n\nJisho.org translate it as \"unless\". But how would this translation make sense\nthen:\n\nUnless (限り) even if miracle does not occur (奇跡でも起きない), its unlikely you know\n(あり得ないわよね)\n\nHow can we make sense of 限り with negative verbs ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-25T12:26:06.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80807",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-25T12:32:35.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39695",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Grammar of Negative Verb + 限り",
"view_count": 171
}
|
[
{
"body": "～ない限り, the _full phrase together_ , means 'unless'. 限り does not mean 'unless'\non its own. The sentence you've given is literally 'As long as a miracle does\nnot occur, it's impossible.'",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-25T12:32:35.890",
"id": "80808",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-25T12:32:35.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
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}
] |
80807
|
80808
|
80808
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "80811",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "First of all, sorry for any mistakes. English is not my native language, nor\nis Japanese, obviously.\n\nJust curious, but (title). I saw some people romanizing \" **ように** \" as \" _you\nni_ \" and others romanizing it as \" _youni_ \". The same goes for \" **二度と** \";\n\" _nido to_ \" and \" _nidoto_ \". I know rōmaji isn't really Japanese and there\nare a lot of ways to write hiragana/katakana/kanji with our alphabet and bla\nbla bla... But what would be the best way to write these?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-25T14:14:10.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "80810",
"last_activity_date": "2020-09-25T17:05:00.573",
"last_edit_date": "2020-09-25T17:05:00.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "40416",
"owner_user_id": "40416",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "How do I romanize \"ように\" and \"二度と\"?",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[
{
"body": "It’s a bit of an opinionated question because it’s essentially asking about\nappropriate orthographic representation of hierarchical constituents in\nromaji, the appropriateness of which depends entirely on what the writer is\ntrying to achieve with their romanization. ように (or ようだ anyways) and 二度と have\nsingle entries in monolingual dictionaries, so to some degree they are\nconsidered single units. The question is to what degree are the に and と seen\nas separable parts of the words or not.\n\nIn general I think most people have the understanding that things like に and と\nare not inflecting parts of a base word, but rather are clitics (i.e.,\nsuffixes with syntactic function).\n\nStandard romanization would be to include a space there, as you would before\nany particle, like “watashi ga”: “you ni” etc. Some people who want to\nrepresent the more tightly-binding clitic nature of the relationship may write\n“watashi-ga”, so you could do similarly and write “you-ni” or “nido-to”,\nhowever this tends to only be seen in linguistics papers (an = is also seen\ninstead of -).\n\nThe completely joined forms of “youni” and “nidoto” IMO both are simply harder\nto read (because they look more like some sort of nouns) and also don’t really\njive with the mental model most fluent speakers would have of the structure of\nthose terms. It feels slightly more acceptable in the case of “nidoto”,\nbecause at least the と doesn’t tend to obviously morph as much as に/な/だ/で\ndoes.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-09-25T16:43:04.847",
"id": "80811",
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"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "80810",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
80810
|
80811
|
80811
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