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์ ๊ตญ ๋ฌธ๋งนํด์น ์ด๋์ ์ด๋ฑํ๊ต 2ํ๋
์์ค์ ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ผ์์ํ์ ํ์ํ ๊ณ์ฐ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ด ์ง์์ ์ต๋์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 78%์ ๋ฌํ๋ ๋น๋ฌธํด์จ์ 4.1%๋ก ๋ฎ์์ก๋ค. | The National Literacy Movement aimed to acquire literacy at the second grade level of elementary school, calculation skills, and basic knowledge necessary for daily life. As a result, the inscription rate, which reached 78%, fell to 4.1%. |
1994๋
ใAnalyzing the Curriculumใ์์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ถ์ํ ์ ์๋ ๋ถ์ ํ์ ์ ์ํ Posner๋ Tyler์ ๋ถ์ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์์ธ๊น์ง ํฌ๊ด์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ ์ ์๋๋ก ํ์๋ค. | Posner, who presented an analysis framework in 1994, "Analyzing the Curriculum," allowed Tyler's analysis questions to comprehensively analyze the background factors of curriculum development. |
๋ฐ์์งยท์ฅ์ธ์ค์ ๋ค๋ฌธํ๊ตญ์ ํ์ ํ๊ต์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ถ์ํ์๋๋ฐ, Posner ์ด๋ก ์ 4๊ฐ ์์๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋ด์ฉ, ์คํ, ๋นํ ์์ญ์ ๋ํ 8๊ฐ์ง ํต์ฌ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์ถ์ถํ์ฌ ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์๋ค. | Park Young-jin and Jang In-shil (2020) analyzed the curriculum of the Multicultural International Innovation School. Based on the four elements of Posner's theory, they extracted and reconstructed eight key questions about the curriculum development background, purpose and content, execution, and criticism areas. |
์ดํ๋น์ ํ๊ต์ ๊ณต๋์ฒด์ ๊ฐ์น์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ ํ๊ต๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด โ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ณ ์ ์์ญโ ์์์ ํ์์์ญ๊ณผ ๋ถ์ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ํ๊ตญ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ํ์ ํ๊ต์ ์ํฉ์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์ฌ ํ์ฉํ์๋ค. | In order to analyze a school curriculum development case based on the community value of the school, Lee Hyung-bin (2020) reconstructed and utilized the sub-areas and analysis questions of the 'Curriculum Unique Area' element, based on the Korean context and the situation of the Innovation School. |
์๋ฅผ ๋ค์ด ์ปดํจํฐ์ค์ด๋ ๊ณผํ ์คํ์ค, ์ฒด์ก์ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์์ฌ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ถฐ์ง์ง ์์ ํด๋น ๊ต๊ณผ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ง๋ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด์์ด ์ ํ๋๋ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ ๋ฌธํด ํ์ต์์ ํ์ต๊ถ์ ์นจํดํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ค. | For example, if a computer lab, science laboratory, or gymnasium is not equipped to hinder the operation of a curriculum tailored to the characteristics of the subject, it can be considered that this infringes on the learning rights of literate learners. |
์ด๋ฑยท์คํ ํ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ์ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์์ ๋ค๋ฃจ๋ ๊ต๊ณผ ๋ด์ฉ๊ณผ ์ผ๊ด์ฑ์ ์ ์งํ๋ฉด์๋ ๊ต์ก ๋์์์ ํน์์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ฌ ์๋กญ๊ฒ ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฑํด์ผ ํ๋ ์ผ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ ์ ์์ ํต์ฌ ์์ ์ด์๋ค. | In order to be recognized for elementary and junior high school education, it was a key issue in the restructuring of the Department of Literacy Education to consider the specificity of the subjects of education while maintaining consistency with the content of the subjects covered in the national curriculum. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ด์ ์ด์ธ์ ๋ค์ํ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ด์ ๋ฐ ์๊ฒฉ ์ทจ๋์ ํตํด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง ํ์ต์ ์ธ์ ํ ์ ์๋๋ก ๊ท์ ํ์ฌ ์ฑ์ธ ํ์ต์์ ์ ํํ์ต ๊ฒฝํ์ ์ธ์ ํ๊ณ ์๋ค. | The Literacy Curriculum recognizes the prior learning experience of adult learners by stipulating that learning through the completion of various programs and qualifications can be recognized in addition to the completion of literacy education programs. |
๋น๋ฌธํดยท์ ํ๋ ฅ ์ฑ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ ํน์ํ ๊ต์ก ๋์์ ์ํด ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ์ฅ์ ๋ค์ํ ๊ต์ยทํ์ต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ข
ํฉํ์ฌ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ ์ฑ์ธ ์นํ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ์ฅ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ค. | The greatest advantage of the literacy curriculum is that it is an adult-friendly curriculum developed by combining various teaching and learning methods in the literacy education field for special educational targets such as inscription and low-education adults. |
๋ฌธํด ํ์ต์๋ฅผ โ์ฌ์ฑ ๋
ธ์ธโ ๋๋ โ์ ํ๋ ฅโ์ด๋ผ๋ ํ
๋๋ฆฌ ์์์ ๋์ง์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์ฑ
์ํ ์ง๋จ์ผ๋ก ์ธ์ํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ๋ค์ํ ํ์ต ์๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์์ฉํ๋ ์๋๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ ์ ์๋ค. | If literate learners are recognized as policy beneficiary groups with homogeneous characteristics within the framework of โelderly womenโ or โlow education,โ attempts to accommodate various learning needs may be restricted. |
๊ธ๋ณํ๋ ์ฌํ์์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ ๋ํ ์์ญ๊ณผ ์์ค์ด ํ์ฅ๋๊ณ ์๊ณ , ํ์ต์์ ์์ค๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ค์ํ ๋งํผ ํฅํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์์จ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์์ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ์ ์งํฅํ๋ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ผ๋ก ์ถ์ง๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. | As the field and level of literacy education are expanding in a rapidly changing society, and the level and background of learners are diverse, future revisions of the literacy curriculum should be promoted in the direction of aiming for autonomy and operational flexibility of literacy education institutions. |
๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ธ์ ์์๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ํ ์ฑ์ธ์ ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ๋ฌธํด๊ฐ ์ค์ ํด์ง์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ ํ๋ ฅ ์ฑ์ธ์ ํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ ์ ์ํด ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธ์๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋์๋ค. | First, the literacy curriculum was developed based on the national curriculum document to recognize the academic background of low-educated adults, as functional literacy becomes important as the basic ability of adults for the development of national human resources. |
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ต๊ทผ 10๋
๊ฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ฑ์ฅํ ๊ฒฝ์ , ์ฌํ, ๋ฌธํ ๋ถ์ผ ์ ๋ฐ์ ๋ณํ์ ๋์งํธ ์ฌํ๋ก์ ์ ํ ๊ฐ์ํ๋ ์ ํต ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ์ ๋์ด ์๋ก์ด ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ์ ์๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์๋ค. | However, changes in the economic, social, and cultural fields that have grown rapidly in the last 10 years and the acceleration of the transition to a digital society require new literacy beyond traditional literacy. |
์ด์ 2018๋
๊ต์ก๋ถ๋ โ์ํ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ๊ฐํโ๋ฅผ ์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ ์ฑ์ธ๊ธฐ์ ์ฌํ.๋ฌธํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ตฌ๋๋ ํต์ฌ์ญ๋์ ํจ์ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋๊ณ ์ด๋ฑยท์คํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ์๋ค. | Therefore, in 2018, the Ministry of Education revised the Elementary and Middle School Literacy Education Curriculum (hereinafter referred to as the 2018 Revised Literacy Curriculum) with the aim of cultivating core competencies, required by society and culture in adulthood. It focused on โstrengthening life literacy education.โ. |
๊ต์ก ๊ณผ์ ์คํ์ ๊ต์์ ์ค์ ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํด์ผ ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์๋ก์ด ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ผ๋ก ์คํํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ ํ์ด๋ ์ ์ฝ์ผ๋ก ์์ฉํ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์์ธ๋ค์ ๋ถ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ค์ํ ์ผ์ด๋ค. | Since the implementation of the curriculum must take into account the actual practice of the professor (Doyle, 1992), it is important to analyze the structural factors that act as limitations or restrictions on the successful implementation of the new curriculum. |
๋ํ ํ์๊ต์ก๋ฒ ์ํ๋ น ์ 75์กฐ ์ 3ํญ์ ์๊ฑฐํ์ฌ ํ์ํ์ต๊ณ์ข์ ์์ ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๋ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ค ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ด์ํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, 2๋จ๊ณ๊น์ง ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์ด์ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ธ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์๋ค. | In addition, if you complete a course related to literacy education among the courses managed by the Lifelong Learning Account System in accordance with Article 75 (3) of the Enforcement Decree of the Lifelong Education Act, you may be recognized as having completed the curriculum up to Level Two. |
Posner๋ Schwab์ด ์ ์ํ ๋ค ๊ฐ์ง ๊ณตํต์์ธ์ ๋น์ถ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋ด์ฉ, ์กฐ์ง, ์คํ๊ณผ ํ๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ฅด๋ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ํ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ฌ๊ฒํ ํด๋ด์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋นํ์ ํด๋๊ฐ ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋ณด์๋ค. | Posner (2004) believes that it is possible to critique the curriculum by reconsidering the approach to the curriculum from purpose, content, organization, execution, and evaluation in light of the four common factors proposed by Schwab. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์ด๋ฑยท์คํ ํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ ์ ์ํ ํ๊ต ๊ต์ก์ ํ์์ ์ฐจ์ฉํ๊ณ ์์ง๋ง ์ฑ์ธ ํ์ต์๋ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์ด ๋ด์ฉ์ ์์ ์ ์ถ์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์์ผ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ด๋ฉด์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ฌด์๋ณด๋ค ์ค์ํ๋ค. | The literacy curriculum borrows the form of school education to recognize elementary and junior high school education, but it is of paramount importance that adult learners connect what they have learned to their own lives and ultimately bring about inner change. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ฌ๋ ๊ธฐ๊ด ๊ด๊ณ์๋ค์ ํตํด ํ์ต์๋ค์ ๋ชฉ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฌ๋ฐ์ ์ ์์ง๋ง, ํ์ต์์ ๊ต์ก์ ์๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๊ณ , ํ๊ฐยทํ๋ฅํ ์ ์๋ ์ฒด์ ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถํ ์ ์๋ ๋ณด์์ฑ
๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ตฌํด์ผ ํ๋ค. | Learners' voices can be conveyed through literate teachers and institutional officials, but supplementary measures should be taken to identify the educational needs of learners and establish a system that can be evaluated and refunded. |
์
์งธ, ๋ฌธํด ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด ์คํ๋๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ฌ์ ๊ต์ ์ค์ ๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์์ธ์ ํด๊ฒฐํด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ, ํ์ต์์ ํน์์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์คํ๊ณผ ํ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์ผ ํ๋ค. | Third, in order for the literacy curriculum to be implemented, it is necessary to solve the structural factors that limit the teaching practice of literacy teachers, and the implementation and evaluation of the curriculum must be carried out in a way that reflects the particularity and individual differences of learners. |
๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ ๊ฐ๋
์ด โ๋ถ์กฑโ๊ณผ โ๋ถํธโ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ ํ์ , ๋ถ์ ์ , ํดํ์ ๊ฒฐํ๋ชจํ์ ์ด๊ฐ์ ์ฃผ์๋ค๋ฉด, ๊ฐ์ ํ์๋ ์ฌํ์ ยท๋ฌธํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ฒญ๋๋ ๊ธฐ์ด์ํ๋ฅ๋ ฅ๊น์ง ํฌํจํ์ฌ ๊ทธ ์ธ์ฐ์ ํ๋ํ์๋ค. | If the concept of literacy education before the revision offered a negative connotation of the limited, negative, and regressive deficiency model of "shortage" and "inconvenience" (Lee Hee-soo, 2016), after the revision, it expanded its scope to include basic living skills that are socially and culturally required. |
1990๋
๋ ์ค๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ์์๊ธฐ๋ฐ์์ ์ง์๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ฌํธ๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ OECD์ World Bank์ ์ฃผ๋ํ์ ์ธ์ ์๋ณธ๊ณผ ์ฌํ์ ์๋ณธ์ด ๊ฒฐํฉํ ์ ํ์ต๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฅผ ์งํฑํ๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ธ์ ์์๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ก ์ด ๋ฑ์ฅํ๋ค. | As the global economic system was reorganized from resource-based to knowledge-based in the mid-1990s, a national theory of human resource development emerged under the leadership of the OECD and the World Bank that supports a new learning economy that combines human capital and social capital. |
2020๋
ํ์๊ต์ก๋ฐฑ์์ ์ํ๋ฉด ํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ 2011๋
์ ๊ตญ 6๊ฐ ์ยท๋ ๊ต์ก์ฒญ, 42๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์ฐธ์ฌ๋ก ์์ํด ํ์ฌ์๋ ์ ๊ตญ 16๊ฐ ์ยท๋๊ต์ก์ฒญ, 265๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ผ๋ก ํ๋๋์๋ค. | According to the 2020 Lifelong Education White Paper, the Education Recognition Literacy Education Program began in 2011 with the participation of 42 institutions from six municipal and provincial education bureaus nationwide. Now, it has expanded to 16 municipal and provincial education bureaus and 265 institutions nationwide. |
์ด๋ฑ ๊ณผ์ 1๋จ๊ณ๋ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋ฌธ์์ ์ํ ๋ด์ฉ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋๋ฉฐ, 2๋จ๊ณ๋ ์ํ ์์์ ๋ฌธ์ ํด๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ํ ์ธ๋์ด๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋จ์ด, ์ ๋ณด ์ ๋ฌ๋ฌธ ๋ฑ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์ด ์๋ค. | The first level of the elementary course consists of basic characters and mathematics, and the second level consists of basic words and information transfer statements, including foreign words necessary for solving problems in daily life. |
ํ์ต์์ ๋ฌธํด ์์ค ์ด์ธ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ์ง์ง, ์์ง๋จ ํ๋ ์์
์ ์ํ ๋์ธ๊ด๊ณ๊ธฐ์ , ์ฌ์ง์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ ์ํ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ํ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์คํ ์์์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง๋ค. | In addition to the level of literacy of the learner, the implementation of the curriculum varies depending on the financial ability, family support, interpersonal skills for small group activities, and even health status. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ฌ์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ฑ์ ํฅ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ ์ฐ์๊ฐ ๊ฐํ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๊ด ๋จ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๊ณผ ๊ต์ยทํ์ต ์ ๋ต ๊ณต์ ๋ฅผ ์ํ ๊ต์ฌ ํ์ต ๊ณต๋์ฒด์ ๋ํ ์ง์์ด ํ์ํ๋ค. | In order to improve the professionalism of literate teachers, training of literate teachers should be strengthened, and support for teachers' learning communities to develop institutional curriculum and share teaching and learning strategies is needed. |
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ธฐ๊ด์์ ์ด์๋๊ณ ์๋ ์ด๋ฑยท์คํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ์ ํ๋ ฅ ์ฑ์ธํ์ต์์ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ฐ์ํ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๊ณผ ์คํ์ ๋ํ ๊ธฐ์ด์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์๋ค. | The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on curriculum development and implementation that reflects the characteristics of low-educated adult learners by analyzing elementary and middle school literacy courses operated by academically recognized literacy education institutions. |
๊ตญ๊ฐ ์์ค์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ ์ ์ ํ์๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ํ์ค์ผ๋ก ํ์์ง๋ง, ์ฑ์ธ ํ์ต์์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ฌ ์ผ์์ํ ๊ฒฝํ๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ณํ ๋ฌธ์ ํด๊ฒฐ ์ค์ฌ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์๋ค. | The format and system of literacy education and definition, which is a national-level curriculum, is standard for the national curriculum, but considering the characteristics of adult learners, it has been restructured into a problem-solving curriculum, linked to everyday life experiences. |
์ฑ์ธ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ๋ง์ ํ์ฅ์ ์ผ์ ์ฃผ๋์๋ค์ธ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋จ์ฒด ๊ด๊ณ์์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ฌ๋ค์ด ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์คํ์๋ฅผ ๋์ด ๊ฐ๋ฐ์๊ฐ ๋ ์ ์๋๋ก ๊ต์ก ๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐํํด์ผ ํ๋ค. | Curriculum literacy should be strengthened so that private organization officials and literacy teachers, who are front-line leaders in the field with a lot of experience in adult literacy education, can become developers beyond literacy curriculum practitioners. |
์ด๋ฅผ ์ํ์ฌ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธ์์ ๊ธฐ์, ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ณ ์ ์์ญ, ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด์, ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋นํ์ 4๊ฐ ์์์์ 8๊ฐ์ ํต์ฌ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์ถ์ถํ์ฌ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธ์๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. | To this end, we analyzed literacy curriculum documents by extracting eight key questions from the four elements of curriculum documents and origins, curriculum unique areas, curriculum management, and curriculum criticism. |
์ด๋ฌํ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์ ์ฑ์ธ์ ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฅ๋ ฅ ํฅ์์ ์ํ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ํ์๊ต์ก ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก์จ ๋ฒ์ ๊ตฌ์๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ๋ ์ด๋ฑ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ์คํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด 2009๋
๊ณผ 2013๋
์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ ์ ยท๊ณ ์๋์๋ค. | In this context, the legally binding Elementary Literacy Curriculum and the Middle School Literacy Curriculum were established and announced in 2009 and 2013, respectively, as a result of the National Lifelong Education Policy to improve the basic skills of adults. |
๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์ต์ข
์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ฐํ๋ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋นํ์ ๋ถ์ํ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฅ๋จ์ ์ ํ์
ํ๊ณ , ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฅ์ ์ ๊ทน๋ํํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๊ณผ ๋จ์ ๊ณผ ์ํ ์์๋ฅผ ๊ทน์ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ํผ๋๋ฐฑ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค. | Finally, the curriculum critique, which finally evaluates the curriculum, identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the analyzed curriculum, and provides feedback on how to maximize the advantages of the curriculum and minimize the shortcomings and risks. |
์ฑ์ธ ํ์ต์๋ฅผ ์ํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ ๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ค์ํ ๊ด์ฌ์ฌ๋ ์์ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ํ๋ถํ ์ ํ๋ ฅ ์ฑ์ธ์๊ฒ ํ์ํ ๊ต๊ณผ ์ง์์ ์ ์ ์ ํ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ดํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด์๋ค. | When developing a literacy curriculum for adult learners, the most important concern was to select and arrange the necessary curriculum knowledge for low-educated adults with extensive life experience. |
2018 ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ํธ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ฐฐ๋น์ ์ดํด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋ฑ๊ณผ์ ์ 3๋จ๊ณ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ์ด์ ์ํ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐํ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ ํตํฉ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์ด ์๋ค. | If we look at the organization and time allocation of the 2018 Revised Literacy Curriculum, the elementary school consists of three levels and consists of an integrated course that includes other courses, centered on Korean language and mathematics courses. |
๋ํ ๊ตญ์ด์ ์ํ ๊ต๊ณผ ์ด์ธ์ ๋ค์ํ ๊ต์ก๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ํ ํตํฉ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ํตํด ํ์ต๊ณผ์ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ํ์ต์์ ๊ฒฝํ๊ณผ ์ํ ํ์ฅ์์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์๋๋๋ก ํ์๋ค. | In addition to the Korean language and mathematics courses, the learning process and results are organically reflected in the learner's experience and life scene through the integrated composition of various educational contents. |
๊ต์ก์์ ํ๊ฐ๋ ๊ต์ก๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ฌ์ฑ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ํ๋จํ๊ณ , ์ผ์ ํ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ต์กํ๋์ ํจ์จ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๋ ํ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์น๋ฅผ ํ๋จํ๋ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์๋ฏธํ๋ค. | In education, evaluation refers to a systematic process of determining the degree of achievement of educational objectives, measuring the efficiency of educational activities according to certain criteria and judging the value of the results. |
๋น๋ฌธํด ์ฑ์ธ์ ํน์ฑ์ ํ๊ฐ ์์ฒด์ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋๋ ค์์ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ฌ ์ฌ์ ์ ํ๊ฐ ์ ์ฐจ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ค๋ช
ํ๊ณ , ์ฝ๊ณ ๋จ์ํ ํ์์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํด์ผ ํ๋ค. | Due to the nature of the illiterate adults, the evaluation procedure and process should be fully explained in advance and presented in an easy and simple format, considering that they may have reluctance and fear of the evaluation itself. |
๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์์ ํตํฉ์ ํ์๊ต์ก ๊ด์ ์ ์ด์ ์ ๋๊ณ , ๋ฌธํด ํ์ต์์ ์์ ๋ถ์์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ํ์๊ต์ก์ ํ์ ๋์ด ๋ค์ํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์ผ ํ๋ค. | Therefore, it is necessary to develop various literacy courses beyond the framework of formal education based on the demand analysis of literacy learners, focusing on the perspective of lifelong integrated education. |
ํ์ง๋ง ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ด์ ์์ฐ์ด ์ง์๋๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ํ์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ์์
์์๋ฅผ 240์๊ฐ ์ด์ ํ๋ํ๋ ๋ฐ์๋ ํ๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. | Since the budget for the operation of the literacy education program is supported according to the number of hours of the curriculum, it has been shown that there is a limit to expanding the number of classes to 240 hours or more in reality. |
๋ฌธํด ๊ต์ก ๊ต๊ณผ๋ ์ฑ์ธ์ ๊ฒฝํ ๋ฒ์ฃผ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํตํฉ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ตฌ์กฐํ๊ณ , ์์
์์๋ ๊ต์ก๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์ค์ ์ ๋ง๊ฒ ํ๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ํ ์ ์๋ ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ จ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. | Literacy education courses should be restructured into integrated subjects according to the level of experience of adults, and a system should be established that can flexibly operate the number of classes according to the actual situation of the educational institution. |
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ Posner์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ถ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ 2018๋
๊ฐ์ ๋ ์ด๋ฑยท์คํ ๋ฌธํด ๊ต์ก ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ฐ, ์ด์, ํ๊ฐ๋๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์๋ค. | The purpose of this study is to analyze how the elementary and middle school literacy education curriculum, revised in 2018, is developed, operated, and evaluated by using Posner's curriculum analysis theory. |
๋ฌธํด๋ ๊ทธ ์๋์ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ๋ฌด์์ ๋น๋ฌธํด๋ก ๊ท์ ํ๋๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๋
์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง๋ ์ฌํ์ ์์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฐ๋
์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. | This is because literacy is a concept with social attributes whose concept varies depending on the era and space defined as inscription. |
2011๋
๋ถํฐ ํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ ๋๊ฐ ์ํ๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ฑ์ธ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ ์งํ์ด ๋ณํํ๊ณ ์์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ด์ ๋ํ ํ์ ์ ์ธ ๋
ผ์๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง์ง ์๋ ์ค์ ์ด๋ค. | Despite the fact that the landscape of adult literacy education has changed due to the implementation of the academic recognition literacy education system since 2011, there is little academic discussion on this. |
ํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ ๋์ ๊ด๋ จํ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋๋ถ๋ถ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ฌ์ ํ์ต์์ ํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ฐธ์ฌ ๊ฒฝํ์ด๋ ์ธ์์ ํ์ ๋์ด ์๋ค. | Prior research on the academic recognition literacy education system is mostly limited to the experiences and perceptions of literate teachers and learners participating in academic recognition literacy education programs. |
๊ธฐ์ ์ ์๋ช
์ด ์งง์์ง๋ ์ง์๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ ๋ณด์ฌํ์์ ์ง์์ ๋ํ ์ ๊ทผ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ฑ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ๋ฌธํด๊ฐ ์ค์ํ๊ฒ ๋ถ๊ฐ๋์๋ค. | In a knowledge-based information society where the lifespan of technology is shortened, functional literacy has been highlighted as an important basic ability for adults to improve accessibility to knowledge. |
๊ต์ก ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ํ๋ ๊ต์ก๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋ด์ฉ์ ํ์
ํ๊ณ , ๋ชฉํ ๋๋ฌ์ ์ํด ๋ด์ฉ ์์์ ์กฐ์ง์ ๋ํด ์ดํด๋ด์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ์ ์ ์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ ์ ์๋ค. | Students can analyze the appropriateness of the curriculum structure by understanding the educational purpose and content as shown in the curriculum and examining the organization of the content elements to achieve the goal. |
Posner์ ์ด๋ก ์์๋ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ธ์ ๊ต๊ณผ์, ์ง๋์ ๋ฑ๋ ํฌํจํ ์ ์์ผ๋, ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ์์ค์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธ์๋ก ๋ถ์ ๋์์ ํ์ ํ์๋ค. | In Posner's theory, textbooks and guidance books can be included in addition to curriculum documents. In this study, the analysis target was limited to national-level literacy curriculum documents. |
๋์งธ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ณด์ผํฐ ํํ์ด์ง์ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ 2015 ๊ฐ์ ์ดยท์ค๋ฑํ๊ต ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ก , 2015 ๊ฐ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ก ํด์ค์๋ฅผ ์์งํ์๋ค. | Second, we collected general remarks and comments on the 2015 revised elementary and secondary school curriculum (hereinafter referred to as the 2015 revised curriculum), published on the website of the National Curriculum Information Center, and a general commentary on the 2015 revised curriculum. |
๋ํ ๋ฌธ์์๋ฃ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ํ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ๋น์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ ๊ตญ๊ฐํ์๊ต์ก์งํฅ์ ๊ด๊ณ์ 1์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ๊ธฐ๊ด ์ด์์ 1์ธ์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ธํฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๋ค. | In addition, in order to supplement the limitations of the documentation materials, an interview was conducted with one official from the National Institute for Lifelong Education who participated in the development of the literacy curriculum at the time and one operator of a private literacy education institution. |
์ ๊ท ํ๊ต์์์ ํ์ต๊ฒฝํ์ด ์ ํ ์๋ ํ์ต์๋ค์ ์๋ฆฌ๊ธ์์ธ ํ๊ธ์ ๋ฌธ์์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ง์, ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ์ฌ ์ฝ๊ณ , ์ฐ๋ ๋ฐ ์ค๋ ์๊ฐ์ด ์์๋๋ค. | Learners who have no learning experience at a regular school take a long time to understand, read, and write the textual characteristics and structure of Hangul, which is a sound letter, and the basics of sentences. |
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ๊ต์ก๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ ์ 2์กฐ์๋ ๊ต์ก ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ถ๊ตฌํด์ผ ํ ๊ต์ก์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ ์ํ์๋๋ฐ, ์ ์น์๋ถํฐ ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต๊น์ง์ ๊ต์ก ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ๋ ๊ธฐ์ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ค. | Article 2 of Korea's Basic Education Act states the purpose of education to be pursued throughout the entire education class and serves as the foundation for the curriculum from kindergarten to high school. |
์คํ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต์ ์งํํ๋ ์ฑ์ธ ํ์ต์๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ฌ ์คํ๊ต ์กธ์
ํ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ์์ ํ์๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ธ ๊ตญ์ด, ์ฌํ, ์ํ, ๊ณผํ, ์์ด ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ ํ์ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ก ์ ์ ํ์๋ค. | In consideration of adult learners entering high school, the middle school program includes the subjects of Korean language, society, mathematics, science, and English, which are essential subjects for the junior high school graduation exam, as required subjects. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฒด๊ณํ๋ ์ง์์ ๋ฐฐ์ด๋ณด๋ค๋ ํ์ต์์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ฌ ๊ฒฝํ๊ณผ ์ํฉ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์กฐ์งํ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋จ๊ณ๋ณ ๋ด์ฉ์ด ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋์ด ์๊ณ , ๋ด์ฉ ์์๊ฐ ๋น์ฐ์์ ์ด๋ค. | Since the literacy curriculum is organized around experiences and situations considering the characteristics of learners rather than a systematic arrangement of knowledge, the contents of each step are separated and the order of contents is discontinuous. |
์ฑ์ธ๋ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ํตํด ์ต๋ํ ํ์ต์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณธ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ๋๊ตฌ์ธ์ง, ์ด๋์์ ์๋์ง ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๊ณผ ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. | Failure to consider the learning that adults have acquired through their experiences is essentially a denial of who they are, where they come from, and their differences and similarities. |
ํตํฉ์ ํ๊ฐ๋ ์ฑ์ฅ ์งํฅ์ , ํ์ต์ ์ฃผ๋, ํ๋์ , ์ญ๋์ , ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ , ๋น๊ณต์์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ตํต์ฑ ์๊ณ , ํ์ ์งํฅ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ๊ฒฝํ์ฃผ์์ ๊ด์ ๊ณผ ์๋นํ ์ผ์นํ๋ค. | Comprehensive assessment is very consistent with the empirical perspective because it is growth-oriented, learner-driven, collaborative, dynamic, contextual, informal, flexible, and action-oriented. |
๋์งธ, 2018 ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ 2015 ๊ฐ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ต์ก๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์ถ๊ตฌํ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ์์ ๋์ผํ๋, ๊ต์ก๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ์ฑํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ด์ฉ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง ์๋ฆฌ์๋ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค. | Second, although the educational purpose of the 2018 revised literacy curriculum and the 2015 revised curriculum and the human image pursued are the same, there are differences in the content and organizational principles of the curriculum to achieve the educational goals. |
๋ท์งธ, ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ต๊ณผ ์ง์๋ณด๋ค๋ ์ฑ์ธ์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ ๋ด์ฉ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑํด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ธฐ๊ด๊ณผ ๊ต์ฌ์ ๋ํ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ง์์ ํ๋ํด์ผ ํ๋ค. | Fourth, literacy courses should be based on adult experiences rather than curriculum knowledge, and policy support for literacy education institutions and teachers should be expanded to this end. |
๋ฌธํด์ ๊ฐ๋
์ ์ ํต์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ์ํด๋ ๋จ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋์ด ํ๋์ฌํ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์์ผ๋ก์ ๋ฌธํ์ดํด์ ์ง์
์ ์ ์์ ์ํด ๋๊ตฌ์๊ฒ๋ ์๊ตฌ๋๋ ๊ธฐ์ด์ํ๋ฅ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์์ผ๋ก ํ์ฅ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. | The concept of literacy is expanding beyond the literal comprehension stage in traditional society to the level of basic life skills that require everyone to have cultural understanding and professional adaptation as a member of modern society. |
ํนํ 1987๋
๋ ์ดํ์ ์ ์น์ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ๊ฐ ์งํ๋๊ณ , ๋์๋น๋ฏผ์ด๋ ๋จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ด ํ๋ฐํ๊ฒ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋ฉด์, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์ค์ฌ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ธฐ๊ด์ด ์กฐ์งํ๋๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค. | In particular, private-centered literacy education institutions began to be organized, as political democratization progressed and literacy education centered on urban poor movement groups has been actively carried out since 1987. |
๊ต์ก์ธ์ ์์๋ถ๋ ์ง์๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ฌํ์ ๋์ํ์ฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ธ์ ์์๊ฐ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณํ์ ์คํ์ ์ํ ์ 1์ฐจ ํ์ํ์ต์งํฅ์ข
ํฉ๊ณํ์ ์๋ฆฝํ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ ํ์๊ต์ก์ ๊ธฐ์ด์ด์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ํต์ฌ ์ ์ฑ
์ผ๋ก ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ์ง์์ฌ์
์ ์ถ์งํ๊ธฐ ์์ํ์๋ค. | The Ministry of Education and Human Resources (2002) established the first Comprehensive Plan for the Promotion of Lifelong Learning (2002โ2006) for the implementation of the National Basic Plan for Human Resources Development in response to a knowledge-based society and began promoting literacy education support projects as the foundation of all lifelong education and a core national policy. |
17๊ฐ ์ยท๋๊ต์ก์ฒญ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ์ฌ์ฌ์์ํ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฑยท์ด์ํ๊ณ , ํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ค์นยท์ง์ ํ๋ฉฐ, ํ์ต์์ ํ๋ ฅ ์ถฉ์กฑ ์ฌ๋ถ ์ฌ์ฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ด๋ฑยท์คํ ํ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ์ ํ๋ค. | Seventeen municipal and provincial education bureaus organize and operate literacy education review committees; establish and designate literacy education programs that recognize academic qualifications; and recognize elementary and middle school education through an examination process to determine whether learners meet their academic qualifications. |
์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ฒ๋ น์ ๋ณด์ผํฐ ํํ์ด์ง์ ๊ณ ์๋ 2018 ๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ฑยท์คํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ํด๋ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ , ์ฑ์ธ ์คํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์์งํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. | First, we collected and analyzed the 2018 revised elementary and junior high school literacy curriculum, announced on the National Law Information Center website along with the pre-revision curriculum, the text-learning curriculum (elementary), and the adult middle school literacy curriculum. |
Posner์ ๋ถ์ ํ์ ์ ์ฉํ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ์ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ณํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํตํฉ, ์์ ํ์ฌ ํ์ฉํ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. | If you look at prior research using Posner's analysis framework, you can see that analysis questions were selected, integrated, and modified according to the purpose of the research. |
์์ง์ ์ Posner์ ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ธฐ์ดํ์ฌ 2007 ๊ฐ์ ์์ 2015 ๊ฐ์ ๊น์ง ์ค๊ณผ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ โ๊ฐ์ ์ํโ ์์ญ์ 4๊ฐ ์์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ 9๊ฐ์ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์ถ์ถํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. | Based on Posner's theory, Yang Ji-sun (2017) extracted and analyzed nine questions in the "Family Life" area of the practical curriculum from the 2007 revision and the 2015 revision according to four elements. |
์์ธํ์ง ์์ ์คํ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ด์ฉ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ณยท๋จ๊ณ๋ณ ์ฐ๊ณ์ฑ์ ์ ํ์ํค๋ ์์ธ์ผ๋ก ์์ฉํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ํ์ต์์ ์งํ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋๋ ์ค๋ ํ๋ฝ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ค์์ผฐ๋ค. | The content system of the middle school course lacked detail and acted as a factor that reduced the linkage between courses and stages, which increased the problem of learners abandoning admission or dropping out of school halfway. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์์ ์ธ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์๋ ํ์ต๊ฒฝํ์ ๋ฐฉ์ก์คํ๊ต ์ด์ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ, ํ์ํ์ต๊ณ์ข์ , ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ์ ์ํํฉ๊ฒฉ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์๊ฒฉ ์ทจ๋, ์ง์
๋ฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๋ จ ์์ค์์์ ํ์ต๊ฒฝํ ๋ฑ์ด๋ค. | Learning experiences that can be recognized in the literacy course include courses completed at Broadcasting Middle School, a lifelong learning account system, passing the GED exam, obtaining national and private qualifications, and learning experience at a vocational skills development training facility. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์๋ ์ฒญ์๋
์ค์ฌ์ ํ๊ต ํจ๋ฌ๋ค์์ ๊นจ๊ณ ์ฑ์ธ ์ค์ฌ์ ํ๋ ฅ์ธ ์ ์ ๋๋ก์ ์ฒซ๋ฐ์ ๋ด๋์๋ค๋ ์ ์์ ์์๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ ์ ์๋ค. | It is significant that the development of literacy education courses broke the school paradigm centered on children and adolescents and took the first step, as a refinement, towards an adult-centered academic background. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์์์ ํ์ต์๋ ๋ค์ํ ๊ต์ก์ ์๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ค์ค์ผ๋ก์์ ํ์ต์๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ ์ฃผ๋ก ํ๋ ฅ์ ๋ํ ํ์๋ฅผ ์ง๋ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ๋์ค์ผ๋ก ํ์๋๋ค. | In the literacy curriculum, learners are not represented as multiple learners with diverse educational needs but as members of the general public with a need for academic background. |
์
์งธ, ๊ณต์์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธ์๊ฐ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ์ฅ์์ ์คํ๋๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ฌ์ ๊ต์ ์ค์ ๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์์ธ์ ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ ํ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. | Third, in order for formal literacy curriculum documents to be implemented in the literacy education field, it must be preceded by analyzing and resolving structural factors that limit the teaching practice of literacy teachers. |
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ณํ, ์คํ, ํ๊ฐ ๋จ๊ณ ์ด๋์๋ ๋ฌธํด ํ์ต์์ ๊ต์ก์ ์๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํ ์ ์๋ ๊ณต๋ก ํ๋ ์ฅ์ด ๋ง๋ จ๋์ด ์์ง ์๋ค. | However, there is no public discussion that can reflect the educational needs of literacy learners in any of the planning, execution, and evaluation stages of the literacy curriculum. |
๋์งธ, 2018 ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ต์ก๋ชฉ์ ์ 2015 ๊ฐ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ๋์ผํ๋ ๊ต์ก ๋ด์ฉ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง ์๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฑ์ธ ํ์ต์์ ํน์์ฑ์ ๋ง๊ฒ ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์๋ค. | Second, the educational purpose of the 2018 Revised Literacy Curriculum is the same as the 2015 Revised Curriculum, but the educational content and organizational principles have been restructured according to the specificity of adult learners. |
์ด๋ ๋ค์ํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ ๋ํ ์๊ตฌ๋ฅผ โํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ โ์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ท๋ฒ์ ์ธ ์๊ตฌ ์๋ ํ์ผํ์ํค๋ฉด โํ๊ต์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์กโ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ทํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ์ง์ ๊ณผ๋ ์ผ์นํ๋ค. | This is consistent with the point that if the demands for various literacy education are uniformized under the normative requirement of "academic recognition," it is possible to return to "literacy education in school society" (Heo Jun, 2008). |
์ด์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ 2018 ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ ์ํด Posner์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ถ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค. | Therefore, in this study, we will analyze the curriculum and use Posner's curriculum analysis theory to specifically examine and understand the 2018 revised literacy curriculum. |
2007๋
์ ๋ถ ๊ฐ์ ๋ ํ์๊ต์ก๋ฒ์๋ ํ์๊ต์ก 6๋ ์์ญ ์ค ํ๋๋ก ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ ํฌํจํ๊ณ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์ง๋ฐฉ์์น ๋จ์ฒด์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ์ง์์ ๋ํ ์ฑ
์์ ๋ช
๋ฌธํํ์๋ค. | The Lifelong Education Law, which was completely revised in 2007, included literacy education as one of the six major areas of lifelong education and stipulated the responsibility of the state and local governments to support literacy education. |
์ด๋ฑ๊ณผ์ ์ฑ์ธ๋ฌธํด ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์ด์ํ๋ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ด 199๊ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์คํ๊ณผ์ ์ฑ์ธ๋ฌธํด ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด์ ๊ธฐ๊ด 11๊ฐ, ์ด๋ฑ ์คํ๊ณผ์ ๋์ ์ด์ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ด 55๊ฐ์ด๋ค. | There are 199 institutions that operate adult literacy courses for elementary courses 11 institutions that operate adult literacy courses for junior high schools, and 55 institutions that simultaneously operate elementary and junior high school courses. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธ์์๋ง ๊ตญํํ์ง ์๊ณ , ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธ์์ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฐ ๋๋ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฌธ์, ๊ฐ๋ฐ๊ณผ์ ์์์ ์ฌํยท์ ์น์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊น์ง ๋ถ์์ด ํ์ํ๋ค. | In order to understand the literacy curriculum, it is necessary to analyze not only the curriculum documents but also the rationale documents that form the basis of the curriculum documents and the social and political background of the development process. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ํ๋ ์๋ฏธ์ ํจ๊ป ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฉด์ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ ๋ด์ฉ๊น์ง ํ์
๋์ด์ผ๋ง ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์ค์ ์ ์ธ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ๋๋ชจํ ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. | This is because practical understanding of the curriculum can only be promoted if both the meaning displayed on the surface of the literacy curriculum and the content that serves as its foundation are understood. |
๊ต์ก๋ถ ํ์๊ต์ก์งํฅ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณํ ๋ฌธ์์ ํ๊ตญ๊ต์ก๊ฐ๋ฐ์๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ํ์๊ต์ก์งํฅ์์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ด๋ จ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์, ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ๊ต์์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฒํ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๋ฑ์ ๋ฌธ์์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์์งํ์๋ค. | Documents such as the Ministry of Education's Basic Plan for the Promotion of Lifelong Education, a research report on the curriculum of the Korean Educational Development Institute and the National Lifelong Education Promotion Agency, and a statement of opinion on the revised curriculum review of literacy education teachers were collected. |
Posner์ ๋ถ์ ์ด๋ก ํ์ 4๊ฐ์ง ์์ ์ฆ, ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธ์์ ๊ธฐ์, ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ณ ์ ์์ญ, ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด์, ๋นํ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์ด ์๋ค. | Posner's analytical theoretical framework consists of four elements: curriculum documents and origins; curriculum unique areas; curriculum management; and criticism. |
์ฑ์ธ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ์ฅ์ ์ผ์ ์ฃผ๋์๋ค์ธ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋จ์ฒด ๊ด๊ณ์์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ฌ๋ค์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ ์๋ก์ด ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ด๊ตฌํ๋ ์๋ฐ์์ ์ญํ ์ ์ํํ์๋ค. | Officials from private organizations and literacy teachers, who are front-line leaders in the field of adult literacy education, played the role of initiators of literacy education and development and urged the development of a new curriculum. |
๊ต์ก๋ถ๋ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ฌ์ ๋ฌธํด ๊ต์ก ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋จ์ฒด์ ํ์ฅ ์๊ฒฌ์ ์๋ ดํ์ฌ 160์๊ฐ์ธ ์ด๋ฑ๊ณผ์ 1๋จ๊ณ์ ์์
์์๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฑ 2~3๋จ๊ณ์ ๋์ผํ๊ฒ 240์๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ํ์๋ค. | The Ministry of Education expanded the number of classes in Elementary Level One, which was 160 hours, to 240 hours, the same as for Elementary Level Two to Three, according to on-site opinions from literacy teachers and private literacy education organizations. |
๊ต์ก์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๊ต์ก์ ๋ํ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ ์ฌํ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ด๊ณ ์๊ณ ์ฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ๊ต์ก์ ํตํด ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋๋ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ค์ํ ํน์ฑ๋ค๋ก ์ง์ ๋๋ค. | The purpose of education includes the demands of the state and society in general for education and is stated by the various characteristics of human beings developed through long-term education. |
๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์์๋ ์งํํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ์ฌ, ๋ฉด์ ์ ํตํ ์ง๋จํ๊ฐ, ๊ตฌ์ ํ๊ฐ, ๊ด์ฐฐํ๊ฐ, ๊ณผ์ ์ํ์ ํตํ ์ง์ ํ๊ฐ, ํฌํธํด๋ฆฌ์ค ๋ฑ ๋ค์ํ ํ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ์์ ํ์ฉํ๋๋ก ๊ท์ ํ๊ณ ์๋ค. | The literacy curriculum stipulates the use of various evaluation methods, including paper-based evaluation, diagnostic evaluation through interviews, oral evaluation, observation evaluation, direct evaluation through assignment execution, and portfolio. |
์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด 2018 ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ Posner์ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ฐจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ฌธ์์ ๊ธฐ์, ๊ณ ์ ์์ญ, ์ด์, ๋นํ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. | To this end, the 2018 revised literacy curriculum was analyzed according to Posner's analysis procedure by dividing it into documents, origins, unique areas, operations, and criticism of the literacy curriculum. |
ํ์ง๋ง ๊ต์ก ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐ ์์ด ์์ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๋ ฅ, ์๊ฐ์ด ๋ถ์กฑํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์ง๋จ์ ์์๊ฐ ๋ถ์ฌํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. | However, due to a lack of budget, manpower, and time to revise the curriculum, it was found that there was no discussion among the groups participating in the curriculum. |
์ด๋ฌํ ํ๊ณ์ ์ ๊ทน๋ณตํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ค ์์
๊ณผ ํ๊ฐ ์ฅ๋ฉด์ ๋ํ ์ฌ๋ก์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ค์ ์ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ํ ๋ถ์์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค. | In order to overcome these limitations, it is necessary to analyze the actual curriculum through case studies on literacy classroom lessons and evaluation scenes. |
๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ฌ๋ ์๋ก์ด ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ๊ต๊ณผ์๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ๊ณ , ๋๋ฆ์ ๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ก ํด์ํ์ฌ, ๊ต์ค์์ ์ ์ ํ๊ฒ ์ ์ฉํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ณํํด์ผ ํ๋ค. | Therefore, literacy teachers had to adjust the curriculum to understand the new curriculum and textbooks, interpret them with their own standards, and apply them appropriately in the classroom. |
Tyler์ ์ด๋ก ์์ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ณผํ์ ๋ชจํ์, Johnson์ ์ด๋ก ์์ ๊ฒฝํ๊ณผํ์ ์ธ ๋ชจํ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค์ฌ ์์ ์ด ์๊ณ ํ ํ๋์ ์ธ์๋ก ์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ ๋ฆฝํ์๋ค. | He accepted the technical science model from Tyler's theory and the empirical science model from Johnson's theory to establish a curriculum theory based on his contemplative modern epistemology. |
์ฑ์ธ์ ๊ฒฝํํ์ต์ ์ธ์ ํ์ฌ ์ด๋ฑํ๊ต 5,892์๊ฐ์ ์ฝ 12%์ธ 720์๊ฐ, ์คํ๊ต 3,366์๊ฐ์ ์ฝ 40%์ธ 1,350์๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ด ์์
์์๋ฅผ ํธ์ฑํ์๋ค. | In recognition of the experiential learning of adults, the total number of classes was organized to 720 hours, which is about 12% of the 5,892 hours in elementary school, and 1,350 hours, which is about 40% of the 3,366 hours in middle school. |
์๋ ์ธ์ฉ๋ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ์ฅ ๊ต์ฌ๋ค์ ์๊ฒฌ์ ์ดํด๋ณด๋ฉด ํ์ต์์ ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ ํฅ์์ ์๊ฐ ์์ธ์ด ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํจ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. | If you look at the opinions of teachers in the literacy education field quoted below, you can see that the time factor is very important in improving learners' literacy skills. |
์ ํ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ ์ฒด์ก, ์์
, ๋ฏธ์ , ํ๋ฌธ, ์ปดํจํฐ ๋ฑ์ด๋ ๋จ์ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ ์ค์ ํ ์๋ ์๋ค. | Elective courses may include physical education, music, art, Chinese, computers, etc., or other subjects at the discretion of the unit organization. |
๊ตญ์ด ๊ต๊ณผ์ ์ฐ๊ฐ ์์
์์๋ 100์๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ฌํ, ๊ณผํ ๊ฐ 70์๊ฐ, ์ํ, ์์ด ๊ฐ 60์๊ฐ์ ๋นํด ๋น์ค์ด ๋์ ํธ์ด๋ค. | The number of classes per year in the Korean language course is 100 hours, which is higher than that of 70 hours each for social studies and science and 60 hours each for mathematics and English. |
ํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฑ๊ณผ์ 240์๊ฐ, ์คํ๊ณผ์ 450์๊ฐ์ ์ด์ํด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋น ์ต์ 3ํ ์ด์ ์์
์ ์ด์ํด์ผ ํ๋ค. | The educational literacy education program requires 240 hours of elementary and 450 hours of middle school courses per year and must operate at least three classes per week. |
๊ทธ๋์ ์์
์ฐจ์ ์ด์์ ํ๋ ฅ์ฑ ์๊ฒ ์ง์ญ์ด๋ ํ์ต์ ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ 70% ์ ๋ ์ ์๋์ด ์์ ๋กญ๊ฒ ์ด์ํ๋๋ก ํ๋ฉด ์ข์ฃ . | Therefore, it is a good idea to have teachers operate freely with about 70% of their discretion, depending on the region or the circumstances of the learner, so that the management of the class is flexible. |
ํฅํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ์ฅ์์ ๋์งํธ ๊ต์ก์ ์ํ ์ฅ๋น, ์ธํ๋ผ ๋ฑ์ ์ ๋นํ๊ณ ํ์ถฉํ๋๋ฐ ํ์ํ ํยท์ฌ์ ์ ์ง์์ด ์ต์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ํด๊ฒฐ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. | In the future, the administrative and financial support, which are required to develop and expand equipment and infrastructure for digital education at the literacy education site, should be addressed as a top priority. |
๊ต์ฌ๋ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์์ ์ ์ง์๊ณผ ์ ๋
, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํ์ต์์ ์์ค๊ณผ ์๊ตฌ์ ๋ง์ถ์ด ์กฐ์ ํ๊ณ , ๊ต์ค ์ํฉ์ ๋ง๊ฒ ์ ์ฉํด ๋๊ฐ๋ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ด๋ค. | Teachers are those who adjust the curriculum according to their knowledge and beliefs and the level and needs of learners, and apply them according to the classroom situation. |
ํ์ง๋ง ์ยท๋๊ต์ก์ฒญ์์ ํ๋ ฅ์ธ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ค์นยท์ง์ ํ๋ค ๋ณด๋ ์ฑ์ธ ํ์ต์์ ๋ํ ์ดํด๊ฐ ๋ฎ์ ํ๊ฐ์ ๋ํ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์์ด ์ถฉ๋ํ๊ธฐ๋ ํ์๋ค. | However, due to the establishment and designation of a literacy education program recognized by the Municipal and Provincial Office of Education, there was a conflict in the approach to evaluation due to poor understanding of adult learners. |
Schwab์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ต์ก์ 4๋ ๊ณตํต์์ธ์ธ ํ์ต์, ๊ต์ฌ, ๊ต๊ณผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ฌํยท์ ๋์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ๊ท ํ ์๊ฒ ๊ณ ๋ คํด์ผ ํ๋ค. | According to Schwab (1971), the curriculum must balance the four common factors of education: learners, teachers, subjects, and the social and institutional environment or context. |
๋ฌธํด ๊ต์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ์ ์คํํ๋๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ์ ์ฝ์ผ๋ก ์์ฉํ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์์ธ์ ์๊ฐ์ ์์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์์ธ, ๊ฐ์ธ์ ์์ธ์ด ์๋ค. | The structural factors that act as the biggest constraints for literacy teachers in implementing the literacy curriculum are temporal factors, physical factors, and personal factors. |
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ 2018 ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๋ฌธ์๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ ํ๊ฐํ์ฌ ํฅํ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ ์์ฌ์ ์ ์ ๊ณตํ์๋ค๋ ๋ฐ ์์๊ฐ ์๋ค. | It is significant that this study analyzed and evaluated the 2018 revised literacy curriculum documents and provided implications for the future revision of the literacy curriculum. |
1990๋
์ ๋ค์ค์ฝ์ โ์ธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ ํดโ ์ ํฌ๋ ํ๊ตญ์์ ์ฑ์ธ ๋ฌธํด๊ต์ก์ ๋ํ ๊ด์ฌ์ ์๋กญ๊ฒ ํ๋ ๊ณ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์๋ค. | In 1990, UNESCO's proclamation of the โInternational Year of Literacy Educationโ was an opportunity to renew interest in adult literacy education in Korea. |
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